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Al-Othman, Mohammed I. O. "Good faith in contract law : with particular reference to commercial transactions in England, Scotland and selected common-law jurisdictions (Australia, South Africa and USA)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=217620.
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This thesis is study of the principle of good faith in contract law. In the last fifteen years enormous attempts have been made by contract lawyers, especially those in common law systems, to consider the question of good faith in contracts. But the approach that has been taken by those lawyers in dealing with this important question is unsatisfactory and incapable of producing a coherent understanding of the role of good faith in contracts. Instead of considering the essential question of good faith in contracts, especially commercial contracts, the debate has turned out into a battle between common law and civil law. This approach creates a polarized debate. This study will concentrate on the applications of good faith in arm 's length contractual relationships. This will no doubt concentrate the analysis on its operation in contracts generally, without involving other theories that may explain the courts' concern over the problems of bad faith conducts. Examining good faith as a general requirement in contracts is vitally important in order to reach a coherent understanding of its implications for contracting parties. This study will examine in depth the most important issues regarding the operation of the good faith principle in contract law. I will examine the rationality of this principle in pre-contractual negotiations. This area of contract raises difficult questions in many common law legal systems. The Introduction of the principle of good faith at the stage of negotiation under the PECL and the UNIDROIT Principles has strengthened the role of that principle at the formation of contracts. The interaction between the principle of good faith and express terms in contracts will also be examined in an attempt to identify the limits of the parties' freedom in the enforcement of contract terms. In addition to dealing with the operation of the principle of good faith throughout the life of the contract, it is also vitally important to analyse the general provisions of good faith in the PECL, CISG, UCC and the UNIDROIT Principles. Examining these general provisions of good faith will help us to understand its role in commercial contracts.
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Botes, Johan Hendrik. "From good faith to utmost good faith in marine insurance /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0709/2007416214.html.
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Nabarro, Joseph Jonathan Nunes. "Good faith in bargaining." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304397.
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Zhang, Ruowei 1971. "Good faith in Canadian contract Law." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32818.
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"Good faith", as a technical legal term, has been recognized in many legal systems around the world as a general principle of contract law. However, in Canadian common law of contract, the doctrine still has not been explicitly recognized due to some doubts cast on the doctrine. This thesis will first deal with various criticisms presented by the doctrine opponents. Next, the effect and utility of the doctrine and the relationship between "good faith" and concepts in equity and corporate law will be examined. It will be finally concluded that explicit recognition of good faith would help form a more functional body of law.
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Rosenwasser, Elior. "Good faith -- civil, common and maritime." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81232.
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The growing recognition of obligation of Good Faith in contract law has only increased the debate surrounding this concept and its ramification on contract. The uneasiness about Good Faith should be attributed to the fact that Good Faith is an open norm or vague standard, which in practice means judicial law making. Furthermore, Good Faith suggests the teleological method of interpretation of contract and legislation in determining the rights and the duties of the parties to a contract. This, it is argued, would contradict the importance of certainty, private autonomy and commercial stability. The thesis presents the development and functions of Good Faith, in different jurisdiction, civil and common. It elaborates the arguments and counterarguments in the Good Faith debate from the context of major civil law and common law features. This will be mainly illustrated by maritime law related contracts. Finally, Good Faith in a possible uniform transnational maritime law will be discussed.
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Sedki, Mirco. "The Role of Good Faith: A Case Study on the Application of Good Faith in the CISG." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29714.
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The work at hand discusses the role of ‘good faith’ in the meaning of Article 7 of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods (CISG). The CISG is a sales convention developed by UNCITRAL with the objective to provide a uniform and fair regime for the international sale of goods. As a consequence, the uniform application of the Convention is main concern of the CISG. Art. 7 provides a method to ensure that the Convention is applied in such uniform way. The provision lays down the three principles of interpretation of the CISG: ‘its international character’, ‘uniformity in its application’ and the ‘observance of good faith in international trade’.
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Sims, Vanessa Karin. "Good faith in contract law : a comparative analysis of English and German law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265456.
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The concept of good faith has an important role to play in English contract law, where the elements necessary for its recognition already exist. Nevertheless, the issue has divided the contract community. Although there is strong support for the recognition of such a concept, it is more often rejected on the basis that it would be, at best, unnecessary and, at worst, a serious disruption of contract law. These arguments are correct to the extent that it would indeed be difficult, if not impossible, to transplant an existing continental version of good faith into English law. They fail, however, to consider the possibility of good faith developing organically within the common law, as an overarching principle integral to general law of contract that governs the performance of agreements. In preparation for the argument that the elements necessary for the recognition of a concept of good faith already exist in English law, the use of the term 'good faith' in contracts uberrimae .fidei and the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 is contrasted with, respectively related to, the present debate. The analysis then focuses on the implied term of mutual trust and confidence in employment law, which is identified as a functional equivalent to the German concept of Treu und Glauben. The subsequent extension of this comparison to terms commonly implied into commercial contracts culminates in the identification of the key elements of good faith. At one level, it ensures that contracts are performed as they were intended to be, by ensuring that the parties do not abuse contractual rights for an extraneous purpose; at another, it provides an instrument for the enforcement of policy considerations within the contractual framework. The central concern is always the balancing of interests - those of the parties, those of the community within which the parties are operating, and those of society as a whole. The elements thereby identified are more than capable of refinement into a coherent theory; this thesis commences the process of conceptual analysis and thereby takes the first step towards the recognition of a truly English concept of good faith.
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Escobar, Rozas Freddy. "The death of good faith in registration." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109942.
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The article 2014 of the Civil Code has been recently modified. In order to make this decision, the legislator took in consideration two reasons: theaffirmation that the record entry doesn’t countswith its own substantivity, and that the necessityof adopting measures to fight against fraudulentacts that might affect the owners.Following this modification, the author presents a comparative analysis of the before and after of the option the legislator took, and takes position after putting himself in the side of third parties. From a juridical and economical point of view, he studies the modification and concludes that, apart from not resolving the problems it had to solve, generates damages that affect the third parties and the market.El artículo 2014 del Código Civil ha sido recientemente modificado. Para tomar esta opción, el legislador se basó en dos razones: la afirmación deque el asiento registral no cuenta con sustantivi-dad propia, y la necesidad de adoptar una acciónpara combatir los actos fraudulentos que puedanafectar a los propietarios.A raíz de dicha modificación, el autor nos plantea un análisis comparativo del antes y después de di- cha opción del legislador, y toma una posición al respecto al colocarse en el lugar de los terceros. Desde un estudio tanto jurídico como económico de la modificación, concluye que ella, además de no resolver los problemas que se planteó solucio- nar, genera un perjuicio tanto a los terceros como al mercado.
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Athanassiou, Ekaterini Michail. "Good faith in lending agreements : a study of Greek and comparative law." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294582.
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Panizzon, Marion. "Good faith in the jurisprudence of the WTO : the protection of legitimate expectations, good faith interpretation and fair dispute settlement /." Oxford ; Portland, Or. : [Zürich] : Hart ; Schultsess, 2006. http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=216427.
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Van, der Sijde Elsabe. "The role of good faith in the South African law of contract." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27443.
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In South Africa, courts and academia frequently refer to contracts as bonae fidei agreements. Often this term is invoked without further explanation or reflection on what the meaning of this term is. Upon closer inspection it seems that the phrase “bonae fidei has largely become devoid of any meaning. This study embarks upon a critical analysis of case law leading up to the remarks of the Constitutional Court in Everfresh Market Virginia (Pty) Ltd v Shoprite Checkers Ltd 2012 (1) SA 256 (CC); 2012 (3) BCLR 219 (CC), with the aim of determining what the role of good faith in the South African law of contract is and how this concept is approached by South African courts. A brief overview of the historical origins of the concept is given and the English law is considered as a foreign jurisdiction in order to gain understanding of how the concept is dealt with elsewhere. This study does not propose to undertake an in-depth study of consumer protection legislation. The justification for this decision lies in the fact that moving beyond this scope will prove to be too wide a field of study; hindering the in-depth discussion and evaluation of the common law and moving beyond the research aims of this dissertation. A critical analysis of South African case law indicates that it is unlikely that the courts in South Africa will adopt a general defence based on good faith that would empower courts to set aside otherwise enforceable agreements. The principle of good faith now forms part of the umbrella defence of public policy: it is finally accepted that public policy is invested in equitable contractual relationships and not only in upholding the principle of pacta servanda sunt. This study shows that good faith has a more active role to play in the law of contract as there is a duty upon courts to develop the common law so as to bring it in line with constitutional norms and values. This study illustrates the importance of open-ended concepts such as good faith and ubuntu to achieve a greater degree of equity and justice between contracting parties. The conclusion is reached that public policy is informed by the reigning ideology of the day: the contract law of South Africa must reflect its adherence to upholding and promoting the values and norms underlying the Constitution. If courts step up and uphold the constitutional mandate to develop the common law to bring it in line with constitutional values and norms, there will be very little need for legislative interference.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Private Law
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Aljallal, Arwa Ibrahim A. "The duty of good faith in insurance law : a study of Saudi law compared to English law." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/370749/.
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Bayley, John Edward. "A Doctrine of Good Faith in New Zealand Contractual Relationships." University of Canterbury. Law, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2862.
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The majority of established legal systems are predisposed to the express recognition of good faith in contract. The apparent pressure for harmonisation of contract law arising from globalisation and political union will necessitate the Anglo-Commonwealth common law countries addressing their historical resistance to the observance of a general obligation of good faith. Accordingly this thesis appraises whether there is a requirement for a universal doctrine of good faith in New Zealand contractual relationships. The manuscript focuses on a prospective common law doctrine operating primarily as a rule of construction. It identifies the limits of such a judicial doctrine including its probable lack of application to non-contractual dealings and the likely need for a legislative duty if contracting parties are to be precluded from excluding the obligation. The characteristics of the subject doctrine are explored including the potential definition and uses of good faith. Whilst it is shown that good faith serves an important role in contract law, the analysis reveals that there is no current requirement for an express doctrine within New Zealand. The entrenched ‘piecemeal’ approach synonymous with Anglo-New Zealand contract law is not demonstrably deficient when gauged against the reasonable expectations of contracting parties. The current methodology is preferred to a general, unfamiliar and uncertain good faith principle which is likely to be reduced to equate with the existing New Zealand law in any event. Further, duties consonant with good faith may enhance economic efficiency but not in some instances. Good faith is therefore best imposed in specific circumstances rather than as a universal doctrine. Likewise, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that New Zealand is impaired in the international arena due to a lack of good faith despite pressure for New Zealand to accord with widespread overseas practice. The principle is of minimal utility in international trade where commercial certitude is paramount. Although an imperfect exemplar, the unresolved issues pertaining to contractual good faith in domestic American law confirms the identified reservations associated with the subject doctrine.
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Strojin, Anja. "The duty of utmost good faith and warranties in marine insurance : (a comparative analysis)." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32814.
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This thesis consists of a comparative analysis of two elements of marine insurance that are the source of divergence between common and civil law jurisdictions: the duty of utmost good faith and warranties. The thorough analysis will show that the two jurisdictions and, presumably, the common and civil law traditions, diverge in the field of marine insurance in the legal concepts as such, but not so much in the substance of the contract.The duty of utmost good faith permits the insurer to be fully and properly informed about all circumstances material to the assessment of the risk and to making of the contract and its terms. Despite relative coherency of the regulation of the issues of materiality and causality between the breach of the duty of utmost good faith and the loss occurred, the sanctions for the breach vary significantly between the civil and common law jurisdictions. It will be examined how the warranty, a typical common law concept, has been replaced in civil law jurisdictions.
Various methods of harmonization will be examined and discussed in the light of possible application in the field of marine insurance. In the conclusion, it will be argued that reconciling fundamental legal concepts inherent to various legal traditions is a demanding task and may not be as advantageous for the respective field of law as it is expected to.
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Bailly, Chantal. "The role of implicit contract terms as a determinant of contractual consequences." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50520.
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Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is clear that the classical concept of contract suffers from weaknesses because it takes too little account of social and economic changes that have occurred in our highly competitive global climate. More particularly, it fails to acknowledge implicit dimensions of contract. The classical contract theory was designed for transactions rather than to regulate relations. In view of the relational contract theory, contracts are agreements, often developed gradually, over a period of time and last over a period of time, perhaps indefinitely. As illustrated, with a discussion of the various theories attempting to qualify the classical law, the development of the relational contract theory and the need for implicit dimensions is in line with changes in business, market transactions and the economic and social environment of today. The relational contract is gradual and emphasises the relationship between the parties. Focus is placed on their understandings, party practices, customs and expectations as opposed to formal doctrines and principles. Characteristically, relational contracts are often incomplete in their specifications, thus leaving room for the creation of expectations and understandings inter partes. These expectations and understandings along with co-operation, rationality and trust are the implicit dimensions, which reflect the shared interest the parties have in their transaction. The ways in which these implicit dimensions can be recognised, developed and applied to contracts, particularly in the South African context is considered in light of our law's treatment of the implication of terms into contracts. It was found that considerations of reasonable expectations and policy do playa role in our law, albeit not to such an extent as to meet the demands of the relational contract theory and the recognition of implicit dimensions. Existing contract principles are also evaluated in the light of the relational contract and implicit dimensions. It is not suggested that classical contract law doctrines are to be dispensed with but that a shift of focus should occur, from the traditional focus on the ''paper'' deal to focusing on the ''real'' deal, between the parties. It is concluded that a principle of good faith would be a suitable starting point to give cognisance to implicit dimensions and to regulate relational contracts. In recognising a principle of good faith, the courts will be able to better respond to the expectations of the parties. A principle of good faith is recommended as being advantageous towards developing a pre-contractual duty of disclosure and encouraging more co-operative thinking and dealing in both legal doctrine and contracting practice.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is vandag duidelik dat die klassieke kontraksmodel aan swakhede ly omrede dié model nie genoegsaam rekening hou met sosiale en ekonomiese veranderinge mons hoogskompeterende wêreldklimaat nie. Meer bepaald, neem die model nie die implisiete aspekte van kontrakte in ag nie. Die klassieke teorie is meer gepas vir eenmalige transakies tussen kontraktante en nie soseer gebruik vir die regulering van deurlopende kontraksverhoudinge nie. In terme van die verhoudingskontrakteorie ("relational contract theory") word kontrakte beskou as ooreenkomstes wat geleidelik, oor 'n lang tydperk kan duur, miskien selfs vir 'n onbepaalde tydperk. Soos gei1lustreer, is daar verskeie teoriëe wat poog om die bestaande klassieke benadering aan te pas. Die ontwikkeling van die verhoudingskontrakteorie en die implisiete aspekte van kontrakte korreleer met veranderinge in internasionale handel en die ekonomiese en sosiale omgewing van vandag. Die verhoudingskontrakteorie beklemtoon die verhouding tussen die partye, hul praktyke en gewoontes en verwagtinge en is nie net slegs op formele beginsels gebaseer nie. 'n Eienskap van hierdie kontraktstipe is dat hulle dikwels nie poog om die verhouding van die partye volledig te reguleer nie. Sodoende word ruimte gelaat vir die ontwikkeling van verwagtinge en implisiete verwagtinge tussen die partye. Hierdie verwagtinge en verstandhoudings te same met die beginsels van samewerking, redelikheid en onderlinge vertroue, is die implisiete aspekte wat die gemeenskaplike belang wat partye in hul verhouding het, weerspieël. Maniere om hierdie implisiete aspekte te herken, te ontwikkel en toe te pas, veral in die Suid- Afrikaanse konteks, is oorweeg in die lig van ons reg se benadering tot die inlees van onuitgesproke bedinge in kontrakte. Alhoewel daar bevind is dat redelike verwagtinge en beleid wel 'n rol speel, is dit onvoldoende in die lig van die eise van die verhoudingskontrakteorie en die behoefte aan implisiete aspekte. Bestaande kontraksbeginsels is ook geëvalueer in die lig van die verhoudingsgebaseerde kontrak en implisiete aspekte. Daar word nie gesuggereer dat klassieke beginsels van die hand gewys moet word nie. Eerder dan die tradisionele fokus op die "paper deal" moet die fokus op die"real deal" wees. Ten slotte word die behoefte aan die erkenning van 'n beginsel van goeie trou uitgelig. Breedweg sal howe beter kan reaggeer op partye se verwagtinge en verstandhoudinge en dié beginsel word ook aanbeveel met die oog op die behoefte aan samwerking tussen partye en die ontwikkeling van 'n voor-openbaarmakingsplig.
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Holland, J. A. "An analysis of good faith as an underlying theme in the employment relationship." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383414.
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Gariseb, Adolf Nana. "Attaining uniformity in the meaning and application of good faith in international trade instruments." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20797.
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The objective of this dissertation is to ascertain whether it is possible to have a universally acceptable meaning of good faith and if indeed such a meaning can finally lead to uniformity in the application of the concept in international commercial transactions. It will be argued that such uniformity is possible but that it cannot be achieved without addressing the obstacles that have prevented a uniform adoption of the concept to date and how such difficulties can be solved in international trade. In answering the above question the dissertation will look into the meaning and application of the concept of good faith within international trade instruments, primarily article 7(1) and (2) of the Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG); article 1.7 of the UNIDROIT Principles on International Commercial Contracts, and the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL). The purpose of considering these instruments is to identify the current difficulties in the meaning and application of good faith in international commercial transactions and how they can be addressed if uniformity is to be attained. Furthermore the dissertation will also examine the different definitions of good faith and the methods of application adopted by major European legal systems, particularly the German civil code, the Dutch civil code, the Uniform Commercial Code and the position in English law. The purpose for considering these domestic legislations is to identify the possible meaning and application that will be given to good faith in situations where courts and tribunals gap fill with reference to national laws.
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Abuzaid, Dina. "Reform of the 'doctrine of utmost good faith' : a comparative study between the UK and Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28038.
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In the UK and Saudi Arabia, it is necessary for the contracting parties in insurance contracts to comply with the requirement of the doctrine of utmost good faith. In recent years, the doctrine of utmost good faith and the mutual duties of the contracting parties have developed in different ways in each jurisdiction. Both jurisdictions provide consumer protection in insurance markets by Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representation) Act 2012 in the UK and Insurance Consumer Protection Principles 2014 in Saudi Arabia. However, there are many differences between the conduct of each jurisdiction since the coming into force of the Insurance Act 2015 in the UK, which revolutionised the insurance law in several key areas. This thesis particularly aims to critically analyse the reform of the doctrine of utmost good faith and looks at how the current reform impacts on the interpretation of this doctrine between the UK and Saudi jurisdictions. This study critically analyses the insureds’ pre-contractual duties for consumers and businesses in the UK with a comparison to Saudi law.
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Hesselink, Martijn Willem. "De redelijkheid en billijkheid in het europese privaatrecht = Good faith in European private law /." [Deventer] : Kluwer, 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/330425897.pdf.
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Shi, Feng. "Utmost good faith in marine insurance : a comparative study of English and Chinese law." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1944.
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As one of the most distinctive characteristics of English insurance law, the duty of utmost good faith is essentially stated in sections 17-20 of the Marine Insurance Act 1906. According to the statutory rules, both of the insurance parties must observe utmost good faith before the conclusion of an insurance contract. After one century of its application, both the judiciary and academics expressed their concerns in terms of its legislative defects and complexity in practice. Some developments have been made in recent judicial decisions and in statutory reform, e.g. the English Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act 2012, and Recommendations, Statutes and Explanations on the Amendments of Chinese Maritime Code of the People’s Republic of China. Therefore, debatable issues and law reform programs in both English and Chinese law are considered in the main body of this thesis. The examination is essentially based upon, (1) the materiality test of the concealed/misrepresented circumstances which can empower the injured party to rescind the insurance abinitio; (2) the duration of utmost good faith and specific issues; (3) the protective measures related to innocent misconduct; (4) the legal status of good faith and its application to fraudulent behaviour; and (5) whether the classic English utmost good faith doctrine can be extended to Chinese law. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive study of the current status and developments of the duty of utmost good faith in both English and Chinese law, which is of fundamental importance, not only at the negotiation stage, but also throughout the performance and at the claiming stage of an insurance contract. After identifying and analysing these crucial issues, this thesis concludes with some possible solutions.
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Mgweba, Asiphe. "A revised role of good faith in the law of contract and employment contracts." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7033.
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Magister Legum - LLMGood faith is an open ended concept which refers to fair and honest dealings. The function of this concept is to give expression to the community’s sense of what is fair, just and reasonable. The concept of good faith has and continues to acquire a meaning wider than mere honesty or the absence of subjective bad faith. It is an objective concept that includes other abstract values such as justice, reasonableness, fairness and equity. There is competition between the two underlying values or cornerstones of the law of contract, namely that of sanctity of contract (pacta sunt servanda) and fairness.
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Arenas, Lorena Carvajal. "Good faith in the lex mercatoria : an analysis of arbitral practice and major Western legal systems." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2011. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/good-faith-in-the-lex-mercatoria(d1495c6c-b68e-4b6f-a4c1-a0d52d3fe306).html.
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This thesis is a comprehensive guide to the current interpretation of the principle of good faith in the lex mercatoria. It sets out the full background to this interpretation, exploring the development of good faith in major legal cultures in the Western world and in arbitral practice. Modern lex mercatoria is one of the most conspicuous manifestations of globalization in the field of law. Previous examples of global law are the Roman ius gentium and the medieval law merchant. The principle of good faith has been fundamental in all these manifestations. The thrust of this thesis represents an investigation of the reasons for the essential role of good faith in universal contexts, and in particular, its meaning in the lex mercatoria. It is argued here that national laws have been influential on the meaning of good faith in the current lex mercatoria. Hence, four major legal systems in the civil and the common law areas are studied: German, French, US and English. Nonetheless, other national systems are also mentioned throughout the thesis. This analysis will reveal the fundamental dynamism of the concept of good faith. This thesis challenges the traditional view of good faith as a moral and subjective concept, impractical and difficult to assess. It will show that an objective notion of good faith is vigorous in international commerce nowadays. This thesis explains that good faith in the lex mercatoria is interpreted as cooperation of the parties to a commercial contract. This notion fits the experience of global trade today. This theory will be verified through an analysis of: comparative legal history, sociological, philosophical and political theories, international instruments embracing the lex mercatoria and also through cases from national courts and international arbitration. This comprehensive study will serve as a context for future investigations on ancillary duties that emanate from good faith and on the principle of good faith in specific stages of the contractual iter, such as re-negotiation of the agreement. It will contribute to the harmonization and unification of law in different regions of the world and also to global projects containing the language of good faith. Likewise, it will be useful for traders and practitioners, especially arbitrators dealing with good faith in international disputes between merchants.
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Karim, Younis Mahmmod. "Good faith and negotiations in the CISG : a comparative study with Iraqi law, Islamic Sharia and English law." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.726803.
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O'Connor, John Francis. "The principle of good faith in legal theory: ( with particular reference to public international law)." Thesis, University of London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488809.
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Abdullah, Nurhidayah binti. "An empirical analysis of the status of good faith in contractual performance: the Australian experience." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13880.
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This thesis examines the concept of good faith in contractual performance as an important element in Australian contract law. The research begins with an empirical investigation of the extent of judicial support for an obligation of good faith in contract law since it was first put onto the judicial agenda in Australia by the case of Renard Construction (ME) v Minister for Works (1992) 26 NSWLR 234 through the obiter comments of Priestley J in 1992. The research continues with an empirical investigation of the meaning of good faith. There are many possible interpretations of the meaning of good faith, most of which are complex, contradictory, and unclear, which has led to undesirable uncertainty in the concept of good faith. The research then critically evaluates the possibility of legislating an obligation of good faith in contractual performance. 104 Australian cases from 1992 to 2009 that raised the issue of good faith were identified. The study period was divided into three phases; ‘Introduction Phase 1992- 1998’, ‘Development Phase 1999-2003’, and ‘Consolidation Phase 2004-2009’. These phases are examined for trends and development of the concept. A four Likerttype scale was used to access the attitude of the judges regarding the concept of good faith. In order to measure the validity and reliability of the data, the ‘average’ and ‘standard deviation’ is used in this study. The empirical observation concluded that there is still inconsistency of support from judges towards the issue of good faith. A rigorous thematic analysis of the meaning of good faith was conducted to propose a workable meaning of good faith. Despite the traditional reservations arising from uncertainty associated with the many meanings of good faith, an empirical analysis concluded that a workable meaning of good faith could be achieved by way of ‘multi-categories’. The previous Australian government accepted the recommendation to legislate good faith in the context of franchising to regulate the unethical behaviour of franchisors toward franchisees. In the context of franchising, good faith is legislated by way of ‘non-discretionary reference criteria’ as prescribed in S 22 of Australian Consumer Law. The development of good faith in the context of franchising offers a valuable opportunity for legislating good faith in contractual performance. Overall, this thesis argues that in the absence of a High Court decision regarding the application and meaning of good faith in contract law, there is scope for legislating a good faith obligation by defining good faith. This thesis suggests that good faith can be defined by way of ‘multi -categories’.
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Romain, Jean-François. "Théorie critique du principe général de bonne foi en droit privé: des atteintes à la bonne foi, en général, et de la fraude en particulier ("Fraus omnia corrumpit")." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212125.
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O’Neill, de la Fuente Cecilia. "Not everything that shines is gold: appearance of law and protection of third parties in good faith." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123850.
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What happens to the third party that, in good faith, acquires rights from a subject whose title is not valid? With few exceptions, the Peruvian Civil Code leaves him unprotected. In this article, the author evaluates the specific solutions contained in the Peruvian Civil Code; analyzes the answers that foreign legislations present; and, finally, proposes a solution to protect the third parties in good faith who acquire rights from an apparent owner.¿Qué ocurre con el tercero que, de buena fe, adquiere derechos de un sujeto cuyo título es inválido? Salvo algunas excepciones, el Código Civil peruano lo deja desprotegido. En este artículo, la autora evalúa las soluciones específicas que contiene el Código Civil peruano; analiza las respuestas que presentan legislaciones extranjeras; y, finalmente, propone una solución para dar protección a los terceros de buena fe que adquieren derechos de un titular aparente.
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Yang, Yiqing. "The past and future of 'utmost good faith' : a comparative study between English and Chinese insurance law." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32260.
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An insurance contract is a contract of utmost good faith. The nature of the insurance bargain makes the duty a commercial necessity. Duties of disclosure and representation, which were two fundamental components of the principle of utmost good faith, operate in different ways in England and China. The insured and insurer in these two countries bears distinctive good faith related obligations pre- and post-contractually. English insurance law exercise considerable influence in most common law countries and some civil law jurisdictions. The separation between utmost good faith and the duty of fair presentation, with the abolition of the avoidance remedy, under the Insurance Act 2015 could influence other jurisdictions to alter their remedies. This thesis examines the application of the civil law notion of good faith and the common law duty of utmost good faith. It covers the operation of insured’s pre-contractual duties of disclosure and representation in both countries. The thesis considers the insurer’s duties as well as the continuing duties and the effect of utmost good faith taking in account the recent legislative changes on fraudulent claims and late payment. The thesis further examines the legal status of brokers and their disclosure duty in China and England. Finally, it also provides special considerations on consumers and micro-businesses.
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Grégoire, Marie Annik 1971. "Liberté, responsabilité et utilité : la bonne foi comme instrument de justice contractuelle." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115645.
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This thesis outlines the guiding principles of obligations law in Quebec, more particularly its contractual component. We are trying to establish a model of analysis that will seek to define and legitimize the precepts of justice that should guide judicial intervention in contractual relationships.As part of this study, we identify certain principles that are fundamental in the theory of contract: notably, commutative justice, contract commutability, subjective rights and legitimate interests. We establish the relationship between each of these basic concepts to conclude that to be consistent with the principles of commutative justice, contract commutability shall not be based on a monetary equivalent of benefits but on the respect of a standard based on peaceful coexistence of rights and interests. It consists therefore of a normalization of contractual relations which ceases to be purely subjective. This finding leads to several inferences: the addition of the circumstances of the execution and termination of the contract, rather than simply its creation, to the possibilities of judicial review, a better legitimization of such review and the recognition of the principle of good faith as a privileged instrument for a fairer contractual commutability. Moreover, the last part of our thesis is devoted to examining judicial practice interventions based on good faith in order to illustrate the principles expressed in the study.
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Layton-McCann, Keryn. "The role of good faith and fairness in contract law: where do we stand in South Africa, and what can be learnt from other jurisdictions?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27461.
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Good faith is recognised as an underlying principle in South African contract law, and the contract law of many countries. There has been noticeable reluctance in some common law jurisdictions against the elevation of the role of good faith in contract law. This paper seeks to explore the tension between the Supreme Court of Appeal and the Constitutional Court in the application of good faith and by implication, fairness to South African contractual disputes. It illustrates that the Constitutional Court seeks to elevate the role of good faith while the SCA is not in favour of such an approach. As the two benches are not in step with their approach, this has led to legal uncertainty in this area of South African contract law. In South African consumer contracts, the concept of fairness is explored, and the remedies at the disposal of consumers to escape the operation of unfair contract terms in different sectors. As South Africa has only provided legislative protection for consumers in the past twenty years, this area of law is comparatively speaking 'new' when compared with other countries. There are therefore lessons to be learnt from other countries in this regard as they have the advantage of time and thereby experience gained over South Africa. For comparative purposes two common law jurisdictions were also explored, namely Australia and the United Kingdom. Both countries are facing similar challenges as South Africa to elevate and expand the role of good faith in the contractual space. Recent notable court decisions in Australia and England in the commercial contract space are explored to demonstrate these challenges. This paper also considers their consumer protection legislation in order to identify if there were lessons to be learnt from their protections that should be considered for South African legislation. Due to the EU membership by the UK, the increased recognition of good faith in civil law jurisdictions has made its way into UK legislation. Good faith as a concept has also found its way into Australian consumer legislation. It may only be a matter of time before the three countries explored in this paper elevate and expand the role of good faith and fairness beyond consumer contracts. The Constitutional mandate to develop the South African common law, the UK's (current) need to comply with civil law principles due to EU membership and generally, the conventional practice by common law legislatures, academics and courts of looking to England for legal developments, are factors which will contribute to the development.
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Dixon, William Michael. "An Examination of the Common Law Obligation of Good Faith in the Performance and Enforcement of Commercial Contracts in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16123/1/William_Dixon_Thesis.pdf.
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This examination of the common law obligation of good faith in the performance and enforcement of commercial contracts in Australia seeks to achieve a number of objectives.
First, to chart the historical development of the implied good faith obligation.
Secondly, to identify a number of issues that remain unresolved at Australian lower court level.
Thirdly, to consider five doctrinal approaches that could be adopted by the High Court when ultimately confronted by the competing claims and tensions that have proven divisive in the courts below.
Fourthly, to assess each approach against three identified benchmarks.
The essential thesis is that good faith should be implied, as a matter of law, in commercial contracts that are relational in nature with an additional call being made for the High Court to explicitly recognise that the underlying basis of the implied good faith obligation is the reasonable expectations of the contractual parties. This approach is the one approach that satisfies all three benchmarks and provides the most satisfactory resolution of the issues that presently bedevil the commercial good faith debate in Australia.
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Dixon, William Michael. "An Examination of the Common Law Obligation of Good Faith in the Performance and Enforcement of Commercial Contracts in Australia." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16123/.
Full textAbstract:
This examination of the common law obligation of good faith in the performance and enforcement of commercial contracts in Australia seeks to achieve a number of objectives. First, to chart the historical development of the implied good faith obligation. Secondly, to identify a number of issues that remain unresolved at Australian lower court level. Thirdly, to consider five doctrinal approaches that could be adopted by the High Court when ultimately confronted by the competing claims and tensions that have proven divisive in the courts below. Fourthly, to assess each approach against three identified benchmarks. The essential thesis is that good faith should be implied, as a matter of law, in commercial contracts that are relational in nature with an additional call being made for the High Court to explicitly recognise that the underlying basis of the implied good faith obligation is the reasonable expectations of the contractual parties. This approach is the one approach that satisfies all three benchmarks and provides the most satisfactory resolution of the issues that presently bedevil the commercial good faith debate in Australia.
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Hourani, Sara. "The conceptualisation of good faith in the CISG through a comparative study of the principle in French Law, the Shari'a, English Law and the UCC." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654552.
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This thesis carries out a conceptual analysis of good faith in the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) through a comparative study of the principle in French law, the Shari'a, English law and the US Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). The CISG was developed with the aim of establishing a uniform law to be applied to contracts for the international sale of goods. Nevertheless, one of the fundamental issues affecting the successful application of the Convention is the divergent interpretation and application of its provision on good faith by national courts and arbitral tribunals. This is mainly due to the lack of a harmonised conceptualisation of good faith at an international level under the CISG. Therefore, this thesis addresses this particular issue of the application of a harmonised application of good faith under the Convention. This issue was approached in this thesis through a conceptual study of the principle by using a comparative analysis, as the CISG is the construct of a comparative study. The chosen legal systems for this comparative analysis have had an important impact on the drafting and development of the CISG. In its comparative analysis, this thesis shows that good faith is commonly understood as reasonableness and that its main role across the studied legal systems is as an implied term used to interpret the contract. Upon the application of the comparative results of the study against the context of the CISG, this thesis identifies that a harmonised application of good faith under the Convention is possible. In this regard, it is shown in this thesis that good faith under the CISG amounts to what is considered to be commercially reasonable conduct and that it is measured against the standard of the reasonable person. Also, based on the comparative analysis carried out, this thesis concludes that the common approach towards good faith in the CISG would be to apply it to the interpretation of the Convention. Therefore, this thesis makes a conceptual contribution to the harmonisation of the principle of good faith in the CISG and offers tools for other scholarly work that relates to the concept of good faith and its harmonisation or uniformity.
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Leopoldo, Ana Caroline Kruger de Lima. "Normatividade da boa-fé objetiva no direito tributário : princípio e postulado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164156.
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Este trabalho teve como finalidade analisar a operabilidade da boa-fé objetiva no Direito Tributário, área na qual o instituto desempenha importantes funções como princípio e postulado. A primeira parte do estudo se propôs a trazer a noção geral da boa-fé objetiva no âmbito do Direito Tributário. Iniciou-se o trabalho com a apresentação histórica da boa-fé, seguindo-se a apresentação do seu núcleo semântico conforme a aplicação jurisprudencial da norma, enfatizando-se por fim sua relação com a Ética. Então, em um segundo momento, foram entabulados critérios objetivos de distinção entre a boa-fé em sua forma objetiva e a subjetiva. Seguiu-se a apresentação da consagração da norma no Direito Tributário, o que ocorreu na forma de princípio. E, finalmente, prestou-se o trabalho à distinção entre os princípios da boa-fé objetiva e da proteção da confiança. Então, delineado o contorno do instituto em exame, a segunda parte do estudo se dedicou a analisar especificamente a sua normatividade, isso é, a sua aplicabilidade como norma jurídica. O tema foi introduzido estabelecendo-se a premissa referente ao que se entende como norma jurídica e suas espécies, quais sejam: as regras, os princípios e os postulados. A seguir, foram abordadas as funções da boa-fé objetiva como princípio no Direito Tributário (limitadora do exercício de direitos subjetivos e posições jurídicas, criadora de deveres jurídicos e interpretativa) bem como foi realizada análise sobre a razão de se entender o instituto como princípio. E, arrematando o estudo, passou-se ao desenvolvimento da tese de que a boa-fé objetiva possui, além das funções tradicionais compreendidas como funções principiológicas, funções tipicamente pertinentes aos postulados normativos aplicativos: função de padronização e a função de exceção.This paper has the purpose of examining the operativity of objective good faith in Tax Law, in which the institute plays a relevant role as a principle and as a postulate. The first part of the study introduces da notion of objective good faith considering Tax Law as its field of application. Initially, are present the historic aspects, followed by the meaning of its semantic core according to the jurisprudential use of the norm, also covering its relation with Ethics. In a second moment, the work points out the differences and similarities of subjective and objective good faith. Next, are highlighted the evidences of consecration of the norm in the Tax Law, what happened as its performance as a general principle. Finally, the study distinguishes the principle of objective good faith and the principle of trust. Then, traced the contour of the institute under examination, the second part of the study is focus on the analysis of its normativity, or, in other words, how it can and should be applied as a juridic norm. In order so, it is fix an important premise about the adopted conception of the juridical norm species, which are: the rules, the principles and the postulates. Therefore, the role of good faith as a principle is approached (as limit in the exercise of the subjective rights and juridic positions, origin of juridic duties and interpretative), just as is analyzed the reason of the comprehension of the institute as a principle. Then, to finalize the study, is develop the thesis that the objective good faith also has, besides the traditional role as a principle, other papers in the juridic universe, papers that are coherent to the role that applicative postulates have: padronization function and exception function.
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Šaduikytė, Julija. "Sąžiningumas ir sąžininga dalykinė praktika: teisės doktrina ir teismų praktika." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110124_124629-67460.
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Sąžiningumo ir sąžiningos dalykinės praktikos principas yra įtvirtintas kontinentinės teisės tradicijos valstybių doktrinose bei tarptautiniuose sutarčių teisę harmonizuojančiuose dokumentuose (UNIDROIT Principuose, PECL ir Europos civilinio kodekso projekte). Skirtingose valstybėse šiam principui suteikiamas skirtingas vaidmuo bei apimtis – Vokietijoje sąžiningumui skiriamas itin didelis dėmesys, o Prancūzijoje daugiau koncentruojamasi į šalių valią ir sąžiningumo doktrina yra nedaug išplėtota. Lietuvos 2001 m. Civilinio kodekso 6.158 straipsnyje įtvirtintas sąžiningumo ir sąžiningos dalykinės praktikos principas yra recepuotas iš UNIDROIT Principų 1.7 straipsnio. Sąžiningumo ir sąžiningos dalykinės praktikos principo turinio neįmanoma apibrėžti a priori – jis paliekamas suformuluoti teismams konkrečių aplinkybių kontekste. Lietuvos teisės doktrinoje yra beveik nenagrinėjamas sąžiningumo ir sąžiningos dalykinės praktikos principas bei jo aspektai. Manytina, kad, kaip ir UNIDROIT Principuose bei PECL, Lietuvos sutarčių teisėje šis principas turėtų būti suvokiamas objektyviąja prasme.
Sistemiškai aiškinant 2001 m. Civilinio kodekso nuostatas matyti, kad 1.5 straipsnį, kuriame įtvirtinti teisingumo, protingumo ir sąžiningumo principai, bei 6.158 straipsnio 1 dalį, kurioje įtvirtintas sąžiningumo ir sąžiningos dalykinės praktikos principas, sieja subordinacinis santykis. Šiame darbe daroma išvada, kad 1.5 straipsnis turėtų būti laikomas lex generalis, o 6.158 straipsnio 1 dalis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The principle of good faith and fair dealing is established in the doctrines of continental law tradition countries and the international documents harmonizing contract law (UNIDROIT Principles, PECL and European Civil Code project). This principle possesses different role and volume in different countries: in Germany, good faith is especially important, while France is more concentrated on the willpower of parties, while good faith doctrine is poorly developed. The good faith and fair dealing practice was receipted from UNIDROIT Principles, Article 1.7 and established in the Lithuanian Civil Code of 2001, Article 6.158. The content of good faith and fair dealing can hardy be described a priori – it is the courts to formulate them in the context of a definite situation. Good faith and fair dealing is not widely analysed in the doctrine of Lithuanian law. This principle is thought to be understood in the objective way, as it is in UNIDROIT Principles and PECL. According to systematic explanation of the Civil Code regulations of 2001, Article 1.5, which establishes the principles of justice, rationality and good faith and the Article 6.158, part 1, establishing the principle of good faith and fair dealing are in the subordinate relation with each other. This study concludes that the Article 1.5 must be considered as lex generalis, while the Article 6.158, Part 1, must be considered as lex specialis in relation to the Article 1.5. Thus the principle established in the Article 6... [to full text]
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Velander, Bruno. "Lojalitetsreciprocitet : En fråga om lojalitetsplikt vid lojalitetsbrott." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-343915.
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Framställan behandlar i vilken utsträckning den ena avtalspartens brott mot lojalitetsplikten medför att den andra avtalsparten får en, helt eller delvis, inskränkt lojalitetsplikt (lojalitetsreciprocitet). Då lojalitetsreciprocitet utgör en del av lojalitetsplikten är förståelsen för det senare institutet avgörande för att kunna analysera reciprociteten. Därför studeras även lojalitetspliktens innehåll och betydelse. Slutsatserna om reciprocitet grundas i stor utsträckning på avtalstyper där lojalitetsplikten är särskilt långtgående. Det medför slutsatserna störst betydelse vid en mer långtgående lojalitetsplikt. Emellertid gör slutsatserna anspråk på att vara så generella att de grunder och principer som fastställs för bedömningen har betydelse även vid en mindre långtgående lojalitetsplikt. Vidare studeras reciprociteten i förhållande till lojalitetsförpliktelser, vilka inte skiljer sig åt lika mycket mellan olika kontraktstyper. En fråga av stor vikt för lojalitetsreciprocitetens betydelseområde är om det kan anses föreligga en allmän lojalitetsplikt inom hela kontraktsrätten. Slutsatsen i den delen är att det föreligger en allmän lojalitetplikt inom varje kontraktstyp även om den är starkt varierande till sin omfattning. Det medför att lojalitetsreciprocitet får ett stort betydelseområde eftersom det då kan beaktas inom varje kontraktstyp avseende både den allmänna lojalitetsplikten och lojalitetsförpliktelserna. Föremålet för framställan, lojalitetsreciprocitet, analyseras dels utifrån förekommande lojalitetsreciprocitet inom ett antal utvalda kontraktstyper (bl.a. mellanmans-, samarbets- och företagsförsäkringsförhållanden), dels utifrån reciprocitet oberoende av kontraktstyp. Utifrån de reciprocitetsuttryck som finns i materialet fastställs generella ramar och principer för bedömningen av lojalitetsreciprocitet inom lojalitetsplikten i dess helhet. Slutsatserna visar att det finns många gemensamma överväganden och principer för bedömningen av lojalitetsreciprocitet. För det första finns det tre förutsättningar som är nödvändiga för att lojalitetsreciprocitet överhuvudtaget ska kunna föreligga: ett lojalitetsbrott, en ömsesidig lojalitetsplikt och att reciprociteten inte drabbar en tredje avtalspart. För det andra har det identifierats två förhållanden som är av störst vikt för lojalitetsreciprocitet: dels hur allvarligt lojalitetsbrottet är, dels i vilken omfattning reciprocitet skulle riskera onödig förstöring. Det förra har i sin tur funnits primärt vara beroende av den subjektiva skulden hos parten som begår lojalitetsbrottet, om denne varit i en överordnad ställning och hur långtgående lojalitetsplikten som inte efterlevdes var.För det tredje finns ett antal andra förhållanden som påverkar reciprociteten, bland annat: om skyddshänsyn avseende lojalitetssubjektet gör sig gällande, passivitet hos reciprocitetssubjektet och om annan lojalitetsbrottsverkan inträder.The essay seeks to determine the extent to which a breach of the obligation of good faith reducesthe corresponding obligation of the other party to the contract (reciprocity). To be able to graspthe meaning and analyze reciprocity it is necessary to understand the institute of good faith.Thus, the text firstly examines good faith in general, followed by an analysis of reciprocity withinthat institute. The paper is based on legal sources typified by strong obligation of good faith.Accordingly, the analysis primarily sheds light on areas where the obligations of good faith arefar-reaching. The general principles of reciprocity, however, are applicable across the board,regardless of how strong the obligations of good faith are. The study evaluates reciprocity inrelation to several types of contracts, but it also interprets reciprocity as a freestanding generalprinciple which is applicable to all contracts. The specific obligations of good faith undoubtedly fall within the scope of reciprocity. Arelated and important question, which needs to be addressed, is whether there is a generalobligation of good faith within all type of contracts. The subsequent answer determines theadditional scope of reciprocity. In this matter the essay concludes that the question should beanswered in the affirmative. There is a general obligation of good faith, but the strength of thatobligation varies considerably depending on the type of contract. The conclusion of the essay is that there are several general principles within reciprocity.Firstly, there are three prerequisites for reciprocity: (i) a breach of the obligation of good faith; (ii)a mutual obligation of good faith between the involved parties; and (iii) the rule that reciprocitycannot affect a third party. Secondly, the paper identifies that the following two questions are the most significantfactors in the assessment of reciprocity: how severe is the breach of good faith and to whichextent does it entail negative economic consequences? An essential aspect of the former question is whether the party responsible for the breachhad ill intent and, if so, the degree and severity of that ill intent. Another important factor iswhether the party responsible for the breach is in a superior position. Three further examples of factors relevant to the assessment are: when a vulnerable partyis responsible for the breach such circumstances can affect the possibility of reciprocity andmitigate the seriousness of the misconduct in question; occasions when the other party has failedto act (passivity); and when the responsible party suffers consequences in addition to reciprocity.
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Korotana, Mohammed Shabir Blahi. "The concept of good faith and the failed negotiations : a comparative study of the rules of the English law, American law and the U.N. Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320956.
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This thesis deals with the concept of good faith and the failed negotiations. It is a comparative and analytical study which comprises of the analysis of the rules of three legal systems namely English law, American law and the U.J. Convention on International Sale of Goods. The notion of good faith is similar to the doctrine of cu2pa-icontra. bendo in civil law. This means that damages are recoverable against the party whose 'blameworthy conduct' during negotiations for a contract has caused it to be invalid or prevented its completion. It is a general phenomenon that there is no general duty to negotiate in good faith in English and American law. Relief for bad faith negotiations is available only after the negotiations have resulted in a contract, where a party's conduct during negotiations has caused it to be invalid. This situation provides adequate remedies under the established concepts e.g. fraud, misrepresentation, duress, undue influence and unequal bargaining power. However, this study deals only with the situation where the negotiations fail to result in a contract, because of the bad faith behaviour of either of the parties during the negotiations. The research suggests that in such a situation relief may also be available through the various notions of good faith applicable during the negotiating stage, i.e. equitable estoppels, proprietary estoppel, promissory estoppel, fraud and misrepresentation in the context of the law of tort, restitution and implied-in-fact contract. Under the American law it is comparatively easier to persue these goals because of the acceptability of the notions of contract to contract, contract to negotiate and the unified theory of estoppel, whereas English law is still unwilling to accept these ideas. Under the doctrine of equitable estoppel obligations may be created on the basis of detrimental reliance which may in certain cases be equal to the expectation interest and in the others to the out-ofpocket- expenses, depending upon the circumstances of the case. The rationale behind the doctrine of promissory estoppel is similar to that of proprietary estoppel. Both are equitable estoppels. Therefore, it has been argued that there is not any logical or practical reason why promissory estoppel should not also be capable of creating a cause of action. Such a unified concept of estoppel would not cause the demise of the bargain theory. Consideration will still remain an essential ingredient in a contract; but alongwith this a new unified theory of estoppel may be introduced to deal with those cases where bargain theory does not apply. Thus, the creation of a cause of action on the basis of promissory estoppel would merely be an addition to the existing bargain theory. This argument has been accepted by some American courts and the other common law countries e.g. Australia, Canada and India. English law, particularly in lower courts, has also tempted some advances in this direction. The U.L Convention does not generally obligates the parties to negotiate in good faith, Article 7(1) states that Nj the interpretation of this Convention regard is to be had to ... the observance of good faith .... However, Article 16(2) like the Restatement (Second) of the Contract incorporates the notion of promissory estoppel with a wider scope of its application. It seems that Article 16(2) may be a useful tool in the context of duty to negotiate in good faith. This study concludes that although English and American law provide some notions 1 of good faith, it is advisable for these systems to introduce either a unified theory of estoppel or a general principle of good faith negotiations (Culpa-ln-Contrabendo) which would achieve a higher standard of behaviour from the parties.
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Villanueva, González Francisco Fernando. "La obligación de negociar con buena fe una convención colectiva de trabajo en el régimen laboral quebequense." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107313.
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Quebec’s Labor regime, due to its particular situation, is influenced by Common Law, aswell as by Civil Law, of French origin. Both systems have consecrated the fundamental right to collective negotiation, recognizedto all workers, by limiting State intervention regarding collective agreements. However,this protection does not restrain itself to ensure negotiation; this negotiation has tobe carried out respecting the principle of good faith. In the present article, the author introduces legal doctrine and jurisprudence from Canada and abroad, being able to affirm that Quebecker labor regime is founded upon the principle of good faith negotiation, as it’s established in Canada’s Constitution and their Labor Code. That affirmation, according to the author, will have an impact on the labor system and the content of collective agreements.El régimen laboral quebequense, dada su situación particular, se ve influenciado tanto por el Common Law cuanto por el Derecho Civil de origen francés. Así, ambas corrientes han consagrado por igual el derecho de los trabajadores a la negociación colectiva, limitando la intervención estatal en lo que respecta a la firma de convenios colectivos. Sin embargo, la protección no se restringe a asegurar la negociación; ésta debe, además, llevarse a cabo siguiendo el principio de buena fe. En el presente artículo, el autor cita doctrina y jurisprudencia canadiense y extranjera parapoder afirmar que en el régimen laboral quebequense debe primar el mandato de negociación de buena fe, pues así lo consagra la Constitución y el Código de Trabajo. Esta afirmación impactará definitivamente el sistema laboral quebequense y el contenido de las convenciones colectivas.
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Cupido, Robin Vicky. "Misrepresentation by non-disclosure in South African law." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80261.
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Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.Bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates the approach to non-disclosure as a form of misrepresentation in South African law. The primary focus is the question of liability, and whether parties should be able to claim relief based on non-disclosure. In order to determine this, attention is also paid to the standards which have traditionally been employed in cases of non-disclosure, and it is questioned whether a general test can be formulated which could be used in all such instances. The point of departure in this discussion is a general historical and comparative overview of the law relating to non-disclosure. This overview places the position in modern South African law in context, and highlights some of the similarities between our current position regarding non-disclosure and the position in other jurisdictions. The overview also sets out the provisions relating to non-disclosure in international legal instruments, which could be of use in interpreting concepts used in our law. The study then shifts to an exploration of the specific situations, such as the conclusion of insurance agreements, or agreements of sale involving latent defects, where South African law automatically imposes a duty of disclosure. These instances are the exception to the general rule against imposing duties of disclosure on contracting parties. The study reveals that certain principles are applied in more than one of these exceptional cases, and attention is paid to each in order to determine which principles are most prevalent. It is suggested that the nature of the relationship between the parties is the underlying reason for always imposing duties of disclosure in these circumstances. Attention is then paid to the judicial development of the law relating to non-disclosure, specifically in those cases which fall outside the recognised special cases referred to above. The remedies available to a party when they have been wronged by another’s non-disclosure are identified and investigated here, namely rescission and damages. A distinction is drawn between the treatment of non-disclosure in the contractual sphere and the approach taken in the law of delict. The different requirements for each remedy are explored and evaluated. A detailed examination of the key judgments relating to non-disclosure shows us that the judiciary apply similar principles to those identified in the discussion of the exceptional instances when deciding to impose liability based on non-disclosure. Reliance is also placed on the standards set out in the earlier historical and comparative discussion. The most prevalent of these standards are the nature of the relationship between the parties and the good faith principle. It is then considered whether all of these principles and elements could be used in order to distill one general standard that could be used to determine whether non-disclosure could give rise to relief. The conclusion is drawn that it may not be advisable to adopt such a standard, and that the seemingly fragmented treatment of non-disclosure in South African law thus far has enabled its development and will continue to do so. A number of key considerations have been identified as possible standards, and these considerations can be applied by the judiciary on a case by case basis.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek wanvoorstelling deur stilswye in die Suid-Afrikaanse kontraktereg. Die primêre fokus is op wanneer stilswye aanleiding gee tot aanspreeklikheid, en watter remedies daaruit voortvloei. Om dit vas te stel, word aandag geskenk aan die standaarde wat tradisioneel gebruik word in gevalle van stilswye, en word veral bevraagteken of 'n algemene toets formuleer kan word wat in al sulke gevalle toepassing sou kon vind. Die ondersoek begin met ‘n algemene historiese en regsvergelykende oorsig, wat die konteks verskaf vir die analise van die posisie in die moderne Suid-Afrikaanse reg, en ooreenkomste tussen hierdie posisie en die benadering in ander jurisdiksies na vore bring. Die bepalings van sekere internasionale regsinstrumente wat spesifiek met stilswye handel, word ook ondersoek om te bepaal hulle van nut kan wees by die uitleg van konsepte wat in die Suid- Afrikaanse reg gebruik word. Die fokus van die studie verskuif dan na spesifieke, uitsonderlike gevalle waar die Suid- Afrikaanse reg outomaties ‘n openbaringsplig tussen partye erken. Prominente voorbeelde is versekeringskontrakte en koopkontrakte waar die merx ‘n verborge gebrek het. Hierdie gevalle is uitsonderings op die algemene reël dat kontrakspartye nie openbaringspligte het nie. Dit kom voor dat sekere gemeenskaplike beginsels van toepassing is in sekere van die uitsonderingsgevalle, en dit word ondersoek hoekom hierdie beginsels gereeld na vore tree. Dit word ook voorgestel dat die aard van die verhouding tussen die partye die onderliggende rede is waarom ons reg openbaringspligte in hierdie spesifieke omstandighede oplê. Aandag word dan geskenk aan die regterlike ontwikkeling van die regsposisie ten opsigte van stilswye in gevalle wat nie by een van die bogenoemde erkende uitsonderings tuisgebring kan word nie. Die remedies beskikbaar aan partye wanneer hulle deur ‘n ander se stilswye benadeel is, word hier geïdentifiseer en ondersoek. Hierdie remedies is die kontraktuele remedie van aanvegting (moontlik gevolg deur teruggawe) en die deliktuele remedie van skadevergoeding. ‘n Onderskeid word ook getref tussen die hantering van stilswye in die kontraktereg en die benadering wat in die deliktereg gevolg word. Aan die hand van hierdie onderskeid word die vereistes vir albei remedies bepreek. Die belangrikste uitsprake van die howe in gevalle wat nie by die spesifieke, uitsonderlike kategorieë tuisgebring kan word nie, word dan oorweeg. Dit is duidelik dat die howe in die konteks van hierdie residuele gevalle soortgelyke beginsels geïdentifiseer het as dié wat voorgekom het by gevalle soos versekering en koop. Uit hierdie uitsprake blyk dit ook duidelik dat die howe ag slaan op soortgelyke standaarde as dié wat in die historiese en vergelykende oorsig na vore getree het. In dié verband is die aard van die partye se verhouding en die goeie trou beginsel veral prominent. Ten slotte word oorweeg of die beginsels en elemente wat hierbo geïdentifiseer is, gebruik kan word om ‘n algemene standaard te ontwikkel wat gebruik sal kan word om te bepaal of ʼn openbaringsplig ontstaan. Die gevolgtrekking word bereik dat so ‘n algemene standaard nie noodwendig die beste oplossing is nie. Die oënskynlik gefragmenteerde hantering van stilswye in die Suid-Afrikaanse het tot dusver tog regsontwikkeling bevorder, en sal waarskynlik ook voortgaan om dit te doen. ʼn Aantal kernoorwegings kan wel geïdentifiseer word, wat dan sou kon dien as moontlike standaarde wat regsontwikkeling verder sou kon bevorder, en wat deur die howe toegepas sou kon word na gelang van die spesifieke omstandighede van elke saak.
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Arenhart, Fernando Santos. "A boa-fé na relação contratual : uma abordagem de direito e economia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/111691.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a cláusula geral da boa-fé contratual sob uma perspectiva interdisciplinar, utilizando-se de uma abordagem de direito e economia. Muito embora tenha havido evidente evolução na conceituação da boa-fé, a ponto de hoje se exigir um comportamento observável (aspecto objetivo), a dogmática jurídica muitas vezes reconduz o problema da boa-fé à análise de critérios subjetivos, utilizando-se de expressões tais como “lealdade”, “retidão”, “honestidade” e “honradez”. Tendo em vista que a cláusula geral da boa-fé só adquire sentido na tarefa jurisdicional, sob uma ótica pragmática, torna-se necessário uma perspectiva que seja efetivamente objetiva, colaborando para tanto a análise econômica. Esta, ao descrever com maior precisão os problemas relacionados à interação estratégica das partes de uma relação contratual, permite a compreensão da boa-fé como uma situação de ausência de oportunismo. A conclusão a que se chega é que a cláusula geral da boa-fé, ao se prestar para a intervenção judicial no âmbito dos contratos, deve ser aplicada com parcimônia, restrita a situações em que os institutos tradicionais do direito privado não são suficientes para combater o comportamento oportunista.This work aims to study the general clause of good faith under an interdisciplinary perspective, using an law and economics approach. Although there has been progress in the conceptualization of good faith, to the point that today it requires an observable behavior (its objective sense), the legal doctrine often leads back the issue of good faith to the analysis of subjective criteria, using expressions such as “loyalty”, “righteousness”, “honesty” and “integrity”. Given that the general clause of good faith acquires meaning only in the judicial task, under a pragmatic perspective it is necessary a perspective that is actually objective, contributing to this the economic analysis. Describing more precisely the problems related to the strategic interaction between the parties to a contractual relationship, the economic analysis allows the understanding of good faith as a situation of absence of opportunism. The conclusion reached is that the general clause of good faith, to justify judicial intervention under the contracts, should be applied sparingly, restricted to situations in which traditional institutions of private law are not sufficient to combat opportunistic behavior.
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Akbari, Haddis. "Is there a requirement for 'good faith' or a 'duty of honesty' under article 102 TFEU, as regards misuse of public procedures and regulations, when establishing an abuse of dominant position?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19205.
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Laučiškytė, Viktorija. "Asmens autonomijos sutarčių teisėje įgyvendinimo ribos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100224_112229-33290.
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Šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjamas asmens autonomijos įgyvendinimo sutarčių teisėje ribų klausimas. Analizuojama, kokiais pagrindais bei instrumentais sutarčių laisvės principas, kaip asmens autonomijos sutarčių teisėje esmė, ribojamas teisės doktrinoje, teisės aktuose, įvairiuose neprivalomuose, tačiau itin aktualiuose sutarčių teisei dokumentuose bei teismų praktikoje. Darbe nagrinėjamas ribojimų pagrįstumas, tinkamumas, asmens autonomijos įgyvendinimo sutarčių teisėje ribų nustatymo tendencijos.
Darbe iškelta hipotezė pasitvirtino.
Solidarumo politikos įgyvendinimo sutarčių teisėje atvejų daugėja, ypač srityse, kuriose siekiama apsaugoti silpnosios sutarties šalies teises bei teisėtus interesus. Vis dėlto sutarčių laisvės principas nepraranda savo reikšmės ir išlieka kertine sutarčių teisės idėja. Jis pripažįstamas teises moksle, šiuo principu vis dar paremti sutarčių teisę reglamentuojantys teisės aktai bei rekomendacinio pobūdžio dokumentai, sutarčių laisvė akcentuojama ir teismų praktikoje.
Galimybė subjektui funkcionuoti rinkoje be nepagrįstų ir neproporcingų apribojimų yra esminė efektyviai veikiančios ekonomikos sąlyga. Todėl asmens autonomijos įgyvendinimas sutarčių teisėje turėtų būti ribojamas tik tuomet, kai tokie suvaržymai yra būtini nustatytam tikslui pasiekti, ir tik tokiais būdais, kurie yra tinkami bei proporcingi. Formalūs bei griežti ribojimai turėtų būti išimtimi iš taisyklės. Teismo teisė bei pareiga kiekvieną atvejį vertinti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]This master thesis analyses restrictions of the implementation of person’s autonomy in contract law. This thesis studies the basis and tools of limitations of freedom of contract, as the essence of the implementation of person’s autonomy in contract law. It analyses the restrictions of this principle in the doctrine of law, legislation, practice, as well, in non - mandatory documents, which are held to be very important to contract law. The hypothesis raised in this master thesis has been confirmed. The number of cases when the politics of solidarity is being implemented in contract law has been increasing. This is mostly typical to the areas, where the protection of rights and legitimate interests of weaker parties of contract is needed. However the freedom of contract is not losing its importance and still is the essential idea of contract law. It is recognized in the jurisprudence, the legislation, practice. Non - mandatory documents, significant to contract law, are also based on this principle. The possibility for person to function in market without any groundless and disproportionate limitations is an essential condition for efficiently operating economics. For this reason the implementation of person’s autonomy in contract law has to be restricted only when these restrictions are necessary and only using tools, which are reasonable and proportionate. Formal and severe limitations should be exception to the general rule. The right and duty of a court to evaluate every... [to full text]
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Mahfuz, Mahfuz. "A research to develop English insurance law to accommodate Islamic principles." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-research-to-develop-english-insurance-law-to-accommodate-islamic-principles(ba9df8a6-58e2-4506-b62e-431238740e73).html.
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In recent years the popularity of Islamic insurance policies has grown rapidly with many companies across the world providing this service. London is said to be the hub for Islamic finance. It is well known for welcoming innovative financial methods. The FSA have already authorised the insurance company Salaam Halal to provide policies based on Shariah principles. The FSA, however, announced that they must operate within the same legal framework as all other insurance policies. Consequently English law has to be applied in Islamic policies taken in this country. However, in many aspects, Shariah principles contradict English insurance law. This thesis aims to discover how they contradict and recommend how the Islamic insurance policies can be applied in English law without breaking Shariah principles. As Shariah principles merely provide a wide boundary within which any law can be applied, this thesis analyses English insurance law first, and then discusses how Islamic insurance policies can operate within the English framework. In many cases, English insurance law crosses the boundary of Shairah principles due to its unfair consequences. Consequently making English insurance law fairer could be the best solution to allow the use of Islamic insurance policies under English law. Pragmatically, the thesis focuses mainly on problems within current English insurance law and recommends possible solutions. In many cases, the solutions suggested by the Law Commission are found to be incapable of establishing fairness. The majority part of this thesis is spent trying to establish a fairer framework for English insurance law. This fairer English insurance law is found to be Shariah compliant in most cases. In some cases it is not complaint due to operational differences between the two legal systems. In these cases, the thesis recommends that the Islamic insurer should incorporate certain terms to make policies Shariah compliant without breaching English insurance law.
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Sampaio, Carlos Alberto Alves. "A boa-fé no direito tributário." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6738.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-11This thesis aims to study the objective good faith in Tax Law. Using the deductive method of scientific research, we start from the theory of values as the highest level of abstraction, to get to the more specific level, which is the application of the law, through the analysis of concrete cases arising in the jurisprudence of judicial and administrative courts. Throughout the development of the work, we address several aspects of legal phenomenology we consider it essential to reach our conclusions, such as the interaction of axiology in major jusfilosóficas currents; the concept of Tax Law; how the objective good faith fits in Tax Law; some of the legal dichotomies; identification of good faith in the Constitution of 1988 and the National Tax Code (Código Tributário Nacional); contradictory behaviors that undermine the objective good faith, proof and presumption of good faith, among others. The study is essentially dogmatic and not philosophical. We use some concepts and philosophical references only to coordinate the rationale for further substantiate the possible answers to the questions formulated. Proceeded so because good faith is a legal principle that is not expressly contemplated in the Tax Law, requiring us to bring to the fore the whys of consideration of objective good faith, only to then demonstrate how the institute is included in Tax Law . The conclusion of the work suggests that the objective good faith is present in Tax Law in its fullness, which can also be proven by the identification of conflicting behaviors in the cases analyzed, despite the case law in tax matters, yet consign show timidity in characterization of these behaviors, such as the venire contra factum proprium, tu quoque, supprressio e surrectio
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo estudar a boa-fé objetiva no direito tributário. Utilizando do método dedutivo de investigação científica, partimos da teoria dos valores (axiologia) como o nível mais alto de abstração, para chegar ao patamar mais específico, que é o da aplicação do direito, por meio da análise de casos concretos verificados na jurisprudência de tribunais administrativos e judiciais. Ao longo do desenvolvimento do trabalho, abordamos vários aspectos da fenomenologia jurídica que entendemos ser essenciais para chegar as nossas conclusões, a exemplo da interação da axiologia nas mais importantes correntes jusfilosóficas; do conceito de direito tributário; de como a boa-fé objetiva se insere no direito tributário; das dicotomias jurídicas; da identificação da boa-fé na Constituição Federal de 1988 e no Código Tributário Nacional; das condutas contraditórias que atentam contra a boa-fé objetiva; da prova e da presunção da boa-fé, entre outros. O estudo é essencialmente dogmático, e não filosófico. Utilizamos de alguns conceitos e referências filosóficas apenas para melhor fundamentar as possíveis respostas às indagações formuladas. Procedemos assim porque a boa-fé é um instituto jurídico que não está contemplado de forma expressa no direito tributário, exigindo-nos trazer em primeiro plano os porquês da consideração da boa-fé objetiva, para depois então demonstrar como o instituto se insere no direito tributário. A conclusão do trabalho sugere que a boa-fé objetiva está presente no direito tributário em sua plenitude, o que pode ser comprovado também pela identificação das condutas contraditórias nos casos analisados, não obstante a jurisprudência, em matéria tributária, ainda demonstre acanhamento em consignar a caracterização dessas condutas, a exemplo do venire contra factum proprium, tu quoque, suppressio e surrectio
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Morales, Hervias Rómulo. "Contracts with protection duties. A propos of Constitutional and Civil Law connection." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116618.
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This essay examines protection duties arising under a contract. Its doctrinal and comparative case-law development is very broad. In Peru, national doctrine has studied it from case-law specific cases. The purpose ofthis study is to develop the analysis of autonomy of these duties towards main and secondary obligations arose under contracts in order to give legal bases not only from Civil Law but also from Constitutional Law perspective.El presente ensayo se refiere a los deberes de protección nacidos de contratos. El desarrollo doctrinal y jurisprudencial comparado de esta categoría es amplísimo. En el Perú, la doctrina nacional la ha estudiado apartir de casos concretos jurisprudenciales. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar la autonomía de estos deberes frente a las obligaciones principales y secundarias nacidas de contratos, con el fin de otorgarle una fundamentación no solo desde el derecho civil, sino también desde el derecho constitucional.
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Parmenion, Espeche Sebastián. "The Financial and Tax Law and its Relationship with Private Law." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118962.
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The purpose of this paper is to glimpse as the Tax Law is inserted in the unit of general law, being important for understanding the knowledge of public and private law in general.In the second part of the paper, the author analyzes how private law applies to the financial subsidiary way through forwarding making the tax law itself or by express provision of the civil. He emphasizes in this introduction as dogmatic construction of the tax liability, originated and rationale in civil liability.Finally the author explains how general principles of law necessarily apply to financial law. Thus, the principles of good faith, breach of law, and the doctrine of estoppel, are universal principles applicable to every right and inexcusably financial and tax law.El presente artículo busca vislumbrar cómo el Derecho Financiero y Tributario está inserto en la unidad del Derecho en general, resultando importante para su comprensión el conocimiento del Derecho Público y Privado. Por ello, el autor analiza cómo se aplica en forma subsidiaria el Derecho Privado al Derecho Financiero a través del reenvío que realiza la propia legislación fiscal o por disposición expresa de la civil. Destacamos en esta introducción cómo la construcción dogmática de la obligación tributaria tuvo su origen y razón de ser en la de la obligación civil.Finalmente el autor explica cómo los Principios Generales del Derecho necesariamente se aplican al Derecho Financiero. Así, los principios de buena fe, abuso del derecho, y la doctrina de los actos propios, son principios universales aplicables a todo el Derecho e inexcusablemente al Derecho Financiero y Tributario.
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Assur, João Pedro. "O dever de minimizar as próprias perdas no contrato de trabalho : a aplicação do duty to mitigate the loss pela justiça do trabalho." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/181139.
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Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de compreender o instituto denominado duty to mitigate the loss, desenvolvido no direito inglês e positivado no direito internacional privado pela Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre a Compra e Venda Internacional de Mercadorias (Convenção de Viena de 1980) e, posteriormente, incorporado ao ordenamento jurídico interno pelo Decreto Presidencial nº 8.327, de 16 de outubro de 2014, em razão da adesão do Estado brasileiro à referida convenção das Nações Unidas. Ao mesmo tempo, o presente estudo dirige-se à análise da compatibilidade desse instituto estrangeiro com o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, em especial com o direito do trabalho, o que se faz a partir da análise das decisões proferidas no âmbito da Justiça do Trabalho brasileira pelos Tribunais Regionais que compõem a jurisdição trabalhista de primeira instância e as decisões finais dadas pelo Tribunal Superior do Trabalho.This research was developed in order to understand the institute called "duty to mitigate the loss", developed in English law and established in private international law by the United Nations Convention on the International Sale and Purchase of Goods (1980 Vienna Convention) And subsequently incorporated into the domestic legal system by Presidential Decree no. 8,327 of October 16, 2014, due to the adhesion of the Brazilian State to said United Nations convention. At the same time and mainly, the present study is directed to the analysis of the compatibility of this foreign institute with the Brazilian legal system and, in particular, its application in national labor law, which was done from its application in the field of labor justice by the regional courts that make up the labor jurisdiction of first instance, and the final word speak about by Superior Labor Court of Brazil.
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Filho, Joaquim José de Barros Dias. "Princípio e cláusula geral da boa-fé objetiva e suas aplicações no sistema processual civil brasileiro." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=591.
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A presente pesquisa aborda as alterações ocorridas no modo sobre o qual se desenvolve o processo civil brasileiro, na perspectiva de superar os estigmas de uma jurisdição omissa e
recheada de concepções privatistas e enveredar pelo caminho que se orienta por uma concepção de ser o processo um mecanismo apto a dar mais efetividade ao direito e à promoção da justiça, quando realizado em sintonia com os valores constitucionais. Trabalha-se sob o paradigma da
superação da visão individualista do direito processual e da elevação de sua expressão social, atento às disposições do Estado Constitucional, a partir do marco teórico do formalismovalorativo, a ser realizado por meio de uma legislação menos casuística e atrelada aos princípios
fundamentais, que permitem a construção de um processo cooperativo, desenvolvido a partir do princípio do contraditório e da observância a padrões de boa-fé estabelecidos objetivamenteSem Abstract
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Barnard, Alfred Jacobus. "A critical legal argument for contractual justice in the South African law of contract." Thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06192006-083839.
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Alarcón, Cañuta Miguel A. "El concurso de la persona física." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667594.
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Partiendo de un análisis de derecho comparado e histórico, seguido de un análisis dogmático-crítico, se establecen las bases dogmáticas para una comprensión de una moderna regulación concursal de la persona física que, regida por fundamentos y principios propios replicables en cualquier ordenamiento, permiten concretizarla como una institución individual o especial, cuya finalidad y objetivos vinculados a la protección de los intereses del deudor han de entenderse trascendentes a la regulación sustantiva, para una adecuada construcción de los elementos o instituciones estructurales de un procedimiento concursal de la persona física. A partir de un análisis valorativo y crítico de la sistemática de la regulación concursal relativa al tratamiento de la insolvencia de la persona física en la legislación concursal española, en consideración al modelo estándar, y a través de una delimitación de los problemas y efectos que posibilitan caracterizarla como eminentemente sancionatoria y restrictiva de los intereses de los deudores; se construye una regulación constitutiva de un procedimiento concursal de la persona física propiamente tal y que obedece a los fines y objetivos contenidos en el principio del fresh start.Partint d'una anàlisi de dret comparat i històric, seguit d'una anàlisi dogmàtica-crítica, s'estableixen les bases dogmàtiques per a la comprensió d'una moderna regulació concursal de la persona física que, regida per fonaments i principis propis replicables en qualsevol ordenament, permeten concretizar-la com una institució individual o especial, la finalitat i objectius de la qual –vinculats a la protecció dels interessos del deutor– s'han d'entendre transcendents a la regulació substantiva, per a una adient construcció dels elements o institucions estructurals d'un procediment concursal de la persona física. A partir d'una anàlisi valorativa i crítica de la sistemàtica de la regulació concursal relativa al tractament de la insolvència de la persona física en la legislació concursal espanyola, en consideració al model estàndard, i a través d'una delimitació dels problemes i efectes que possibiliten caracteritzar-la com eminentment sancionadora i restrictiva dels interessos dels deutors, es construeix una regulació constitutiva d'un procediment concursal de la persona física pròpiament tal que obeeix a les finalitats i objectius continguts en el principi del fresh start.
Starting from a comparative and historical law analysis, followed by a dogmatic- critical analysis, we establish the dogmatic bases for an understanding of a modern bankruptcy regulation of the natural person that, ruled by its own fundamentals and principles replicable in any legal system, allow to concretize it as an individual or special institution, whose purpose and objectives linked to the protection of the debtor's interests must be understood as transcendental to the substantive regulation, for an adequate construction of the structural elements or institutions of the individual bankruptcy proceeding. From an evaluative and critical analysis of the systematic bankruptcy regulation regarding the treatment of the individual insolvency in the Spanish bankruptcy law, considering the standard model, and through a delimitation of the problems and effects that allow to characterize it as eminently sanctioning and restrictive of the debtors' interests; we construct a legal regulation constitutive of a bankruptcy proceeding for the physical person as such, and that obeys the aims and objectives contained in the fresh start principle.