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Academic literature on the topic 'Gonorrhoea'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Gonorrhoea"

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DE, Bitet. "Neisseria Gonorrheae: A Cause of Male Infertility." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000183.

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Background: Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection that is commonly related to male infertility. The infection affects sperm transport through the urinary tract and subsequent damage of the testicular tubes. The infection also impair sperm production as the infection is rarely asymptomatic and can be difficult to diagnose, it is possible that its contribution to male infertility is underestimated. Infection of the genitals results in a purulent (pus-like) discharge from the genitals which may be foul smelling, inflammation, redness, swelling, dysuria, and a burning sensation during urination. As with Chlamydia, it is possible to have a Gonorrhea infection without noticeable symptoms, and which can cause permanent scarring and blockage in the sperm production duct. Gonorrhoea is a bacterial infection and is treatable with antibiotics. Laboratory studies reveal that N. gonorrhoeae infection can impair motility, viability and spermatogenesis; increase anti-sperm antibodies are associated with a decrease in semen parameters as a result of the production of anti-sperm antibodies in the genital tract. Aim: The study aimed at reviewing the possible role of gonorrhoea in male infertility. Method: Research publications such as Pubmed, Scopus, Medline etc. Results: over 115 journals of international repute were obtained, out of which 50 were found to be closely relevant such as; the implication of N. gonorrheae in male infertility, complication of N. gonorrhea infection, N. gonorrhea e and male infertility and were reviewed. Conclusion: N. gonorrhoae was found implicative in male infertility and the need for comprehensive modern laboratory methods for the diagnosis of the infection and also to included routine laboratory tests.
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Pham, Cau D., Kevin Pettus, Evelyn E. Nash, Hsi Liu, Sancta B. St. Cyr, Karen Schlanger, John Papp, et al. "Utility of MALDI-TOF MS for differentiation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with dissimilar azithromycin susceptibility profiles." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 11 (July 31, 2020): 3202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa303.

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Abstract Background Antibiotic-resistant gonorrhoea has been a chronic public health burden since the mid-1930s. Recent emergence of isolates resistant to the current recommended antibiotics for gonorrhoea further magnifies the threat of untreatable gonorrhoea. The lack of new, effective antibiotics highlights the need for better understanding of the population structure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in order to provide greater insight on how to curtail the spread of antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Objectives To explore a potential application of MALDI-TOF MS to differentiate N. gonorrhoeae displaying different levels of susceptibility to the antibiotic azithromycin. Methods We conducted MALDI-TOF MS using the Bruker Biotyper on 392 N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected through the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) and/or the Strengthening the United States Response to Resistant Gonorrhea (SURRG) project. The MALDI-TOF MS spectra were visually analysed to assess the presence of distinctive peak(s). Statistical analysis was performed to assess the relationship between gonococcal isolates with the distinct protein peak and antibiotic susceptibility. Results In this study, we were able to differentiate N. gonorrhoeae isolates into two distinct subpopulations using MALDI-TOF MS. Isolates were distinguished by the presence or absence of a spectral peak at 11 300 Da. Notably, these two groups exhibited different levels of susceptibility to azithromycin. Conclusions We have shown that in addition to its ability to identify N. gonorrhoeae, MALDI-TOF MS could also be used to differentiate gonococcal isolates with different levels of susceptibility to azithromycin.
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Chen, Xiang-Sheng, Yue-Ping Yin, Guo-Jun Liang, Xiang-Dong Gong, Hua-Sheng Li, Mei-Qin Shi, and Yan-Hua Yu. "Co-infection with genital gonorrhoea and genital chlamydia in female sex workers in Yunnan, China." International Journal of STD & AIDS 17, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646206776790088.

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An observational study on prevalence of co-infection with gonorrhoea and chlamydia was conducted among female sex workers (FSWs) in Kunming, China. A total of 505 FSWs participated in the study. All eligible participants gave informed consent. Demographic, behavioural and clinical information of the participants was gathered by direct structured interviews. Tampon swabs were collected to test for Chlamydia trachomatis and Nesseria gonorrhoeae. One-hundred and twenty-four (24.6%) FSWs were co-infected with these two pathogens. Of the 191 FSWs with gonorrhea, 124 (64.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 57.9–71.3%) were co-infected with chlamydia which was significantly higher than the proportion (41.9%, 95% CI = 36.4–47.6%) co-infected with gonorrhoea among 296 FSWs with chlamydia ( P < 0.001). Only 47 of 191 (24.6%) FSWs with gonococcal infection and 28 of 124 (22.6%) with co-infection with gonorrhoea and chlamydia reported vaginal discharge. The results of the study justify the recommendation in the national sexually transmitted disease (STD) guidelines that patients infected with gonorrhoea also be treated routinely with an anti-chlamydial regimen. However, a periodic mass treatment may be considered in some circumstances in STD control programmes to rapidly reduce the infections in this population.
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Balachandran, T., A. P. Roberts, B. A. Evans, and B. S. Azadian. "Single-Dose Therapy of Anogenital and Pharyngeal Gonorrhoea with Ciprofloxacin." International Journal of STD & AIDS 3, no. 1 (January 1992): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249200300112.

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A single dose of ciprofloxacin, 250 mg by mouth, was used in an open study to treat pharyngeal or rectal gonorrhoea or both in 64 patients (32 men and 32 women). The study also included 151 men with urethral gonorrhoea and 53 women with cervical or urethral gonorrhoea. Ciprofloxacin cured 63 (98%) patients with pharyngeal or rectal gonorrhoea (including 5 patients with penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae; PPNG), 147 (97%) men with urethral gonorrhoea (including 8 with PPNG) and 52 (98%) women with cervical or urethral gonorrhoea. All the isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were sensitive to 0.03 mg/l of ciprofloxacin. Five of the 6 patients with treatment failure were subsequently cured by a single oral dose of ciprofloxacin 250 mg. None of the patients reported an adverse reaction. Ciprofloxacin 250 mg as a single oral dose is effective and safe in treating patients with pharyngeal or rectal gonorrhoea, including those with PPNG strains.
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Martins, José Luis Rodrigues, Emerith Mayra Hungria Pinto, Salomão Antonio Oliveira, Fernanda Almeida Costa Gomes, and Osmar Nascimento Silva. "Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the Global Shortage of Antibiotics." Venereology 1, no. 3 (October 24, 2022): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/venereology1030017.

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The gonorrhoea caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae remains a major global public health problem with high morbidity. Gonorrhoea can affect both women and men, being more prevalent in sexually active young individuals. Even after infection from N. gonorrhoeae, many patients may remain asymptomatic, making the diagnosis and adequate treatment of the disease difficult. The treatment and control of gonorrhoea have been difficult in recent years in most populations, being an example of how behavioural, social, and demographic factors can influence the epidemiology of an infectious disease. The emergence of strains of N. gonorrhoeae resistant to multiple antimicrobials, especially to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, indicates that gonorrhoea has the potential to become untreatable in the current reality of treatment options, especially in places that have a high prevalence of gonococcal infections. The loss of available and effective treatment options can lead to significant increases in new cases of the disease, as well as increased morbidity and mortality. This review provides an overview of current therapeutic options for gonorrhoea, as well as ongoing experimental studies and clinical trials with new antigonococcal agents.
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Semchenko, Evgeny A., Xiaofan Chen, Caroline Thng, Maree O'Sullivan, and Kate L. Seib. "Gonorrhoea: past, present and future." Microbiology Australia 41, no. 4 (2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma20055.

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The sexually transmitted infection (STI) gonorrhoea is an ancient human disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Despite decades of research focused on preventing, diagnosing, and treating gonorrhoea, it remains a major global health concern due to its high prevalence, high rates of asymptomatic cases, the severe sequelae that can result from untreated infections, and the increasing difficulty in treating infections caused by multi-drug resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae. It is estimated that there are more than 87 million cases of gonorrhoea worldwide each year, and the WHO, CDC and Australian National Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Strategy have prioritised N. gonorrhoeae as an urgent public health threat for which new therapeutics and a vaccine are needed.
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Rahimi, Frashta, Namraj Goire, Rebecca Guy, John M. Kaldor, James Ward, Michael D. Nissen, Theo P. Sloots, and David M. Whiley. "Direct urine polymerase chain reaction for chlamydia and gonorrhoea: a simple means of bringing high-throughput rapid testing to remote settings?" Sexual Health 10, no. 4 (2013): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh12108.

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Background Rapid point-of-care tests (POCTs) for chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) and gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) have the potential to confer health benefits in certain populations even at moderate sensitivities; however, suitable POCTs for these organisms are currently lacking. Methods: In this study, we investigated the use of direct urine polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with the view of implementing a simplified PCR strategy for high-throughput chlamydia and gonorrhoea screening in remote settings. Briefly, a simple dilution of the urine was performed before adding it directly to a real-time PCR reaction. The method was evaluated using 134 stored urine specimens that had been submitted for chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing and had been tested using a commercial C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae PCR method. These included samples that were PCR-positive for chlamydia (n = 87), gonorrhoea (n = 16) or both (n = 2). Direct urine testing was conducted using previously described in-house real-time PCR methods for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae as well as for recognised N.gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Results: The overall sensitivities and specificities of the direct urine PCR were 78% and 100% for chlamydia, and 83% and 100% for gonorrhoea. N.gonorrhoeae penicillin and quinolone resistance mechanisms were characterised in 14 of the 18 N. gonorrhoeae-positive samples. Conclusions: The results of this study show that the simplified PCR strategy may be a feasible approach for rapid screening and improving chlamydia and gonorrhoea treatment in remote settings.
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Templeton, David J., Niveditha Manokaran, and Catherine C. O'Connor. "Prevalence and predictors of chlamydia co-infection among patients infected with gonorrhoea at a sexual health clinic in Sydney." Sexual Health 9, no. 4 (2012): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh11146.

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Anogenital gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) is commonly diagnosed at sexual health clinics by on-site microscopy. Whether to add anti-chlamydial therapy in such situations is unclear. The medical records of all patients diagnosed with gonorrhoea between May 2005 and April 2010 at RPA Sexual Health were reviewed. Of 165 patients with anogenital gonorrhoea, 27 (16.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.1–22.9%) were co-infected with chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis). Compared with those only infected with anogenital gonorrhoea, there was no correlation of anogenital gonorrhoea–chlamydia co-infection with any demographic, behavioural or clinical variables examined. Anti-chlamydial therapy should be considered for all patients with gram stain diagnosed anogenital gonorrhoea at the initial clinic visit.
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Abraha, Million, Dianne Egli-Gany, and Nicola Low. "Epidemiological, behavioural, and clinical factors associated with antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhoea: a review." F1000Research 7 (March 27, 2018): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13600.1.

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Antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global public health problem in the 21st century. N. gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to all classes of antibiotics used for empirical treatment, and clinical treatment failure caused by extensively resistant strains has been reported. Identifying specific factors associated with an increased risk of antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae might help to develop strategies to improve antimicrobial stewardship. In this review, we describe the findings of 24 studies, published between 1989 and 2017, that examined epidemiological, behavioural, and clinical factors and their associations with a range of antimicrobial agents used to treat gonorrhoea. Antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae is more common in older than younger adults and in men who have sex with men compared with heterosexual men and women. Antimicrobial-resistant N. gonorrhoeae is less common in some black minority and Aboriginal ethnic groups than in the majority white population in high-income countries. The factors associated with antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhoea are not necessarily those associated with a higher risk of gonorrhoea.
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Tabize Olivier, Mutendela, Freddy Munyololo Muganza, Leshweni Jeremia Shai, and Stanley Sechene Gololo. "Rutin Inhibits F, G, N and O gonorrhea strains, 2008 WHO N-gonorrhea Reference strains, in vitro." Interdisciplinary Research Journal and Archives 1 (December 16, 2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36966/irjar2020.13.

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Rutin was isolated from methanol extract of the aerial part of Asparagus suaveolens using precipitation method. South Africans use Asparagus suaveolens to treat gonorrhea infections. The obtained Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) data and visiting the published data on the isolation of rutin confirmed the structure. The 2008 WHO Neisseria gonorrhea reference strains were used to evaluate microbial activity of rutin against the gonorrhea strains. Rutin found to be bacteriostatic against WHO 2008 Neisseria gonorrhoea F, G, N and O strains with the minimum inhibition concentration of 0.40, 0.65, 0.22 and 0.65 mg/ml, respectively. In addition, rutin fare better than the reference drugs and bactericidal against K, L, M, and P strains. These results support the traditional use of Asparagus suaveolens against gonorrhea infections by South African indigenous people. To our knowledge, this is the first study indicating the activity of rutin against N.gonorrhea strains. Résumé: La rutine a été isolée à partir d'un extrait au méthanol de la partie aérienne d'Asparagus suaveolens en utilisant la méthode de précipitation. Les SudAfricains utilisent Asparagus suaveolens pour traiter les infections gonorrhées. Les données obtenues par résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) et par chromatographie liquide-spectroscopie de masse (LCMS) et la consultation des données publiées sur l'isolement de la rutine ont confirmé la structure. Les souches de référence OMS de Neisseria gonorrhea de 2008 ont été utilisées pour évaluer l'activité microbienne de la rutine contre les souches de gonorrhée. La rutine s'est révélée bactériostatique contre les souches de Neisseria gonorrhea F, G, N et O de l'OMS 2008 avec une concentration minimale d'inhibition de 0,40, 0,65, 0,22 et 0,65 mg/ml, respectivement. De plus, la rutine se porte mieux que les médicaments de référence et bactéricide contre les souches K, L, M et P. Ces résultats soutiennent l'utilisation traditionnelle d'Asparagus suaveolens contre les infections gonorrhées par les populations autochtones sud-africaines. À notre connaissance, il s'agit de la première étude indiquant l'activité de la rutine contre les souches de N. gonorrhée.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gonorrhoea"

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Dunn, Sarah I. "Characterisation of Cytochrome c peroxidase: A vaccine candidate for Neisseria gonorrhoeae." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/403639.

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen and the causative agent of gonorrhoea, a sexually transmitted infection. Over 100 million cases of gonorrhoea are reported globally each year. Antibiotics have been widely used to treat gonorrhoea. However, with the recent emergence of multi-drug resistance strains, gonorrhoea has been recognised as a major public health challenge and a vaccine for N. gonorrhoeae is urgently required. Previously, vaccine development has been challenging due to the bacteria’s ability to avoid and modulate the hosts immune response. Conserved surface components of N. gonorrhoeae have been identified and due to the bacteria’s variability, the use of a combination of antigens has been proposed as the optimal approach for development of a N. gonorrhoeae vaccine. This study aims to characterise Cytochrome c peroxidase (Ccp) as a potential vaccine candidate for N. gonorrhoeae. We have characterised Ccp by evaluating this outer membrane proteins expression and cell localisation in a panel of N. gonorrhoeae strains, and the immunogenicity and functional activity of antibodies raised to a recombinant Ccp protein. In Western blot and whole cell enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses, it was found that Ccp was expressed in all N. gonorrhoeae strains analysed in this study. However, the surface exposure of Ccp was variable across this panel of N. gonorrhoeae strains. In a whole cell ELISA, we found there was a higher level of absorbance detected for Ccp in N. gonorrhoeae strain 1291 at the highest serum dilutions, compared to a Ccp mutant strain. In a flow cytometric analysis, we also found that there was a higher level of fluorescence detected for Ccp in N. gonorrhoeae strain 1291, compared to a Ccp mutant strain. N. gonorrhoeae strain 1291 was then analysed via trypsin digestion. After multiple repeats the results were inconclusive, where although the intensity of Ccp did decrease, inconsistencies were observed in the level of decrease seen. A panel of 14 N. gonorrhoeae strains were then analysed via trypsin digestion. The signal for Ccp decreased in 11 strains, indicating cell surface exposure of Ccp. However, the signal for Ccp did not decrease in three strains, indicating that Ccp was not surface exposed in all the N. gonorrhoeae strains analysed. The ccp sequences from the panel of N. gonorrhoeae strains were then analysed to determine if there were any differences between the strains that could impact the cellular localisation of Ccp in these strains. A single base pair difference was present in nearly half of the N. gonorrhoeae strains analysed in this study. However, no correlation was found between the surface exposure of Ccp in N. gonorrhoeae, as predicted by the trypsin digestion analysis, and the presence of this single base pair difference. Antibodies raised to the recombinant Ccp protein were then analysed in Western blot and whole cell ELISA analyses, with N. gonorrhoeae strain 1291 and the panel of N. gonorrhoeae strains. The recombinant protein was found to be immunogenic in murine models with a dominant Immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 response, and the antibodies raised to recombinant Ccp protein were cross-reactive with all N. gonorrhoeae strains analysed. Antibodies raised to the recombinant Ccp protein were also analysed in a serum bactericidal activity (SBA) assay with N. gonorrhoeae strains 1291 and World Health Organisation (WHO) K. We found that antibodies raised against recombinant Ccp protein did not promote complement mediated killing via serum bactericidal activity. Our data indicated that Ccp would not be suitable in a single protein vaccine due to the variability of its surface expression, since it would only be recognised by vaccine induced antibodies in strains that express this protein on the surface of the bacterium. However, the proteins conservation and ability to induce an immune response may make it a candidate for a small component in a multicomponent vaccine for N. gonorrhoeae, if antibodies were found to be able to neutralise the function of Ccp. The multicomponent nature would prevent vaccine escape by strains that do not express Ccp on the surface of this bacterium.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Medical Research (MMedRes)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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Berglund, Torsten. "Recent trends in the epidemiology of gonorrhoea in Sweden : the role of importation and core groups /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-692-1/.

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Chen, I.-Cheng Mark. "Gonorrhoea and resistant gonorrhoea in England and Wales : epidemiological modelling for insight and control." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590549.

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Ross, Jonathan Denys Crawford. "The epidemiology of gonococcal serovars in Edinburgh 1990-1993." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282707.

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With the advent of gonococcal stereotyping many areas have reported wide differences in their prevalence of different strains of infection. This study was designed in an attempt to correlate a variety of clinical markers of infection and characteristics of the organism with the observed serovar pattern. All patients with a laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhoea in Edinburgh between January 1990 and December 1993, most of whom attended the Genitourinary Medicine clinic, were included in the study. For comparison a more limited analysis was also performed on patients attending Genitourinary Medicine clinics and gonorrhoea in Glasgow between 1990 and 1992, Aberdeen in 1992 and Newcastle in 1992. 508 patients infected with 23 different serovars were seen over the 4 year period in Edinburgh. The commonest serovars isolated in Edinburgh were 1A-2, 1A,-6, 1A-16, 1B-1, 1B-2, 1B-3, 1B-6 and 1B-7 accounting for 88% of all infections. As predicted each of the four areas demonstrated differing serovar patterns with a small number of common serovars accounting for the majority of infections and larger number of serovars which were only isolated infrequently. A number of factors appeared to influence the variation in serovars: antibiotic resistance, serovar mutation, sexual mixing patterns, and immune response to infection and asymptomatic strains of infection. Although individual factors do not have a marked influence on the pattern of gonococcal serovars in Edinburgh they may act in combination with the background selective pressures within the environment. Sexual mixing patterns, which are difficult to measure, make determining the relative role of each individual factor inaccurate.
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Cole, Michelle Jayne. "Extended-spectrum β-lactamases and Neisseria gonorrhoeae : pre-empting a mechanism that could abolish cephalosporins for the treatment of gonorrhoea." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/extendedspectrum-lactamases-and-neisseria-gonorrhoeae(a32240b8-c498-4dc3-b276-6491bbc32bf2).html.

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a public health concern due to increasing numbers of cases of gonorrhoea and the ability of the organism to develop antimicrobial resistance. N. gonorrhoeae can harbour β-lactamase plasmids that encode TEM-1 penicillinase, but do not produce extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). ESBLs are active against the last remaining option for gonorrhoea monotherapy, ceftriaxone. The aim of this research was to establish what resistance mechanisms in N. gonorrhoeae could abolish the effectiveness of ceftriaxone for the treatment of gonorrhoea. Investigations into the genetic diversity of blaTEM alleles in gonococcal isolates from 2012 detected a high proportion of blaTEM-135 alleles (27%). Only a single specific mutation near the β-lactamase active site could result in TEM-135 penicillinase evolving into an ESBL. Electroporation was established for the transformation of native gonococcal resistance plasmids into N. gonorrhoeae, and was then used in attempts to transfer the enteric plasmid pEK204 (harbouring blaCTX-M-3 and blaTEM-1) into gonococcal strains. Electroporation and natural transformation were additionally used to transform gonococci with blaCTX-M-3 and blaTEM-10 genes. Five transformants were detected using blaTEM-10 and these all showed increased minimum inhibitory concentrations of ceftriaxone. The lack of success in uptake of pEK204 and blaCTX-M-3 was probably due to large plasmid size and lack of recombination site, respectively. Nevertheless, gonococcal β-lactamase plasmids were successfully transferred into clinical strains of the multidrug-resistant clone N. gonorrhoeae ST1407, suggesting that this could also happen in natural mixed gonococcal infections. In summary, it is encouraging that no further blaTEM alleles were detected and that N. gonorrhoeae was not able to express a CTX-M-type ESBL. However, the expression of TEM-10 ESBL is concerning and this work is the first report of ESBL activity in gonococci, albeit in vitro. It is essential to continue antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance and to develop molecular surveillance to detect rapidly the emergence of an ESBL in N. gonorrhoeae.
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Turner, Katherine Mary Elizabeth. "Mathematical models of gonorrhoea and chlamydia : biology, behaviour and interactions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/1303.

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Gonorrhoea and chlamydia are curable, bacterial, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of humans, with important long term consequences for health. Their epidemiology and biology are reviewed in chapter one. The way the biology of the organisms and the behaviour of human hosts interact to influence the patterns of infection and the potential impact of interventions is the subject of the main body of the thesis. Mathematical models are presented, together with empirical data, to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of gonorrhoea and chlamydia. New approaches are applied, using more complex measures of disease occurrence including reinfection (subsequent infection by the same organism) or coinfection (infection with both organisms simultaneously). Coinfection with gonorrhoea and chlamydia is investigated in chapter two. The third chapter investigates the importance of heterogeneity in human behaviour (i.e. level of sexual activity, mixing patterns within and between populations) on the spread of disease in subpopulations, using a model incorporating race, gender and sexual activity level. This was parameterised and validated using data collected in South East London. In chapter four, models of reinfection are used to investigate the interaction of population level parameters such as degree of assortative mixing and rates of reinfection. In chapter five, the characteristics of individuals coinfected with both organisms are shown to provide additional information useful in determining how infection is distributed across a population. The biology of the organism is demonstrated, in the fifth chapter, to play an important role in the prevalence and incidence of disease within the host population. The impact of the emergence of resistant or asymptomatic phenotypes under selective pressure by different treatment regimens is quantified using a two strain model, including asymptomatic and symptomatic infections. The final chapter considers the contribution of the research and discusses the implications of the results for STI intervention strategies.
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Ussher, Greg. "'The medical gaze and the watchful eye' : the treatment, prevention and epidemiology of venereal diseases in New South Wales c.1901 - 1925." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3565.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)
From Federation in 1901 through the first three decades of the twentieth century there was a perceptible shift in modes of rule in New South Wales (NSW) related to the management of venereal diseases. At the beginning of the twentieth century a medicopenal approach was central. By 1925, persuasion and ‘responsibilisation’ were becoming important modes, and young people rather than ‘case-hardened prostitutes' were assessed as being a ‘venereal’ risk. Framing this period were three important legislative developments which informed, and were informed by, these shifts: the NSW Prisoners Detention Act 1909, the NSW Select Committee into the Prevalence of Venereal Diseases 1915 and the NSW Venereal Diseases Act 1918. At its core this thesis is concerned with examining shifting modes of rule. This thesis closely examines each. I suggest that these modes of rule can be viewed through the lens of biopolitics, and following Foucault, deploy the ‘medical gaze’ and the ‘watchful eye’ as constructs to examine the relationship between the government of self, government of others and government of the state. I use the medical gaze to describe not only the individual venereal patient attending a hospital and the body of the patient diagnosed with syphilis and/or gonorrhoea, but most importantly to describe the power relationship between the medical practitioner, the teaching hospital and the patient. I use the watchful eye in a more overarching way to suggest the suite of techniques and apparatus deployed by government to monitor and regulate the venereal body politic, both the populations perceived to be posing a venereal risk, and populations at risk of venereal infection. In relation to the venereal body and the venereal body politic, I analyse three fundamental aspects of the management of venereal diseases: treatment, prevention and epidemiology. Treatment: Over this period, treatment moved from lock institutions to outpatient clinics. Embodied in this change was a widespread institutional ambivalence towards treating venereal patients. I contend that treatment of venereal diseases was painful, prolonged and punitive precisely because of the moral sickness perceived to be at the iv heart of venereal infection. I track this ambivalence to a systemic fear of institutional ‘venerealisation’, which decreased perceptibly across the period. Closely analysing surviving patient records, I argue that in their conduct, venereal patients were often compliant, conscientious and responsible. Prevention: I argue that preventative approaches to venereal diseases became increasingly complex, and operated in three domains – preventative medicine (diagnosis, treatment and vaccination); public health prevention (notification, isolation and disinfection); and prevention education (social purity campaigns and sex hygiene). An emerging plethora of community-based organisations and campaigns began to shift the sites and practices of power. Epidemiology: I suggest that there was a shift from danger to risk in the conceptualisation of venereal diseases. This shift necessitated a focus on factors affecting populations, as opposed to factors affecting individuals. This in turn led to the deployment of various techniques to monitor the conduct of venereal populations. The NSW Venereal Diseases Act 1918 created two important new venereal categories: the ‘notified person’ and the ‘defaulter,’ both of which came to permeate renditions of venereal patients throughout the 20th century.
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Renton, Adrian Mark. "The epidemiology of gonorrhoea in adults and its sexual behavioural determinants." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283441.

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Rytkönen, Anne. "Molecular studies of Neisseria - host cell interactions /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-018-4/.

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Hiltunen-Back, Eija. "Epidemiology of syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia trachomatis infection in Finland in the 1990s." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/hiltunen-back/.

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Books on the topic "Gonorrhoea"

1

FitzGerald, Mark. National standards for the management of gonorrhoea. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press, 1996.

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Authority, Health Education. Gonorrhoea: What it is and what to do about it. London: Health Education Authority, 1992.

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Byers, W. Gordon M. A study of the ocular manifestations of gonorrhoea, with reports of cases of this nature. [Montréal?: s.n.], 1996.

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Gonorrhea. New York: Rosen Publishing, 2016.

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Gonorrhea. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Chelsea House, 2010.

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Shmaefsky, Brian. Gonorrhea. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Chelsea House, 2011.

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Christodoulides, Myron, ed. Neisseria gonorrhoeae. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9496-0.

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Horgan, Maryanne. Phenotypic characterisation of N. gonorrhoeae. [S.l: The Author], 1992.

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Overton, Timothy William. The FNR protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2002.

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Parker, James N., and Philip M. Parker. The official patient's sourcebook on gonorrhea. Edited by Icon Group International Inc and NetLibrary Inc. San Diego, Calif: Icon Health Publications, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gonorrhoea"

1

Young, Hugh, and Marie Ogilvie. "Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhoea)." In Genitourinary Infections, 275–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5080-6_10.

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Wilson, Michael, and Philippa J. K. Wilson. "Gonorrhoea." In Close Encounters of the Microbial Kind, 391–404. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56978-5_28.

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Goldmeier, David, and Simon Barton. "Gonorrhoea." In Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 44–54. London: Springer London, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1432-1_6.

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Waugh, M. A. "Gonorrhoea." In European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments, 209–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03835-2_38.

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Oriel, J. David. "Gonorrhoea Virulenta." In The Scars of Venus, 115–29. London: Springer London, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2068-1_9.

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Ison, C. A. "Immunology of Gonorrhoea." In Immunology of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 95–116. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1255-7_5.

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Oriel, J. David. "Gonorrhoea after Neisser." In The Scars of Venus, 131–47. London: Springer London, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2068-1_10.

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Du Port, François. "Treatment of True Gonorrhoea." In The Decade of Medicine or The Physician of the Rich and the Poor, 178–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73715-2_228.

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Du Port, François. "Treatment of Virulent Gonorrhoea." In The Decade of Medicine or The Physician of the Rich and the Poor, 179. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73715-2_229.

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Du Port, François. "Treatment of Virulent Gonorrhoea in Women." In The Decade of Medicine or The Physician of the Rich and the Poor, 195–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73715-2_245.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gonorrhoea"

1

Chow, Eric, Marcus Chen, Deborah Williamson, Catriona Bradshaw, Sabrina Trumpour, Benjamin Howden, and Christopher Fairley. "O02.2 Oropharyngeal and genital gonorrhoea among heterosexuals who report sexual contact with partners with gonorrhoea." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.111.

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Seib, Kate L. "S12.1 Progress towards a Gonorrhoea vaccine." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.57.

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Cornelisse, Vincent, Catriona Bradshaw, Eric Chow, Deborah Williamson, and Christopher Fairley. "P680 Oropharyngeal gonorrhoea in the absence of urogenital gonorrhoea in a sexual network of males and females." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.746.

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Seib, kate L., and Evgeny A. Semchenko. "O13.3 Vaccine development to combat antimicrobial resistant gonorrhoea." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.74.

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Allen, C., C. Fairley, M. Chen, K. Maddaford, J. Ong, D. Williamson, and E. Chow. "O08.1 Oropharyngeal gonorrhoea infections among females and heterosexual males with genital gonorrhoea attending a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.92.

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Nugrahaeni, Anita. "RISK FACTORS OF GONORRHOEA AMONG FEMALE INDIRECT SEX WORKERS." In International Conference on Public Health. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2017.037.

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Stuart, S., D. Richardson, C. Iwuji, and S. Soni. "P212 Standardising pharyngeal sampling for clinician-taken gonorrhoea culture specimens." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.300.

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Kenyon, C., J. Buyze, and N. Hens. "P3.43 Modelling the spread of gonorrhoea in an msm population." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.280.

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Visser, Maartje, Hannelore Götz, Alje Van Dam, and Birgit Van Benthem. "P632 Regional differences in gonorrhoea antimicrobial resistance patterns in the netherlands." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.700.

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Thomas-williams, Emily, and Sally Jewsbury. "P119 Reviewing the rates of diagnosing Gonorrhoea in an era of COVID." In BASHH 2022 Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-bashh-2022.164.

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Reports on the topic "Gonorrhoea"

1

Newman, Sara B. An Epidemiologic Analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections in Female Federal Prisoners. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421099.

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Warner, Douglas M. The Role of the Transcription Factors MtrR and MtrA in the Fitness of the Pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1014066.

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D'Ambrozio, Jonathan A. Insights into the Enhanced in vivo Fitness of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Driven by a Fluoroquinolone Resistance-Conferring Mutant DNA Gyrase. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012700.

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Haberland, Nicole, Beverly Winikoff, Nancy Sloan, Christiana Coggins, and Christopger Elias. Case finding and case management of chlamydia and gonorrhea infections among women: What we do and do not know. Population Council, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh5.1007.

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Vonck, Rachel A. Chlamydia muridarum Alters the Immune Environment of the Murine Genital Tract to be More Permissive for Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a Novel Coinfection Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1013375.

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