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Tomasi, Carolina, and Julio William Curvelo Barbosa. "Aproximações teóricas em “Is the man who is tall happy?: An animated conversation with Noam Chomsky”: sistemas input e output e o conceito greimasiano de enunciação." Estudos Semióticos 13, no. 1 (September 25, 2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1980-4016.esse.2017.138413.
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Este artigo apresenta uma discussão em torno do enunciador Michel Gondry, observando o interesse do cineasta francês pela teoria do linguista americano Noam Chomsky. Nosso objetivo, sem pretender exaustão, é refletir sobre algumas questões sobre o conhecimento de Gondry sobre a teoria linguística de Chomsky e como seu processo criativo apresenta esse conhecimento no filme “Is the man who is tall happy?: an animated conversation with Noam Chomsky”. Assim, nossa intenção é conduzir um breve diálogo que permite uma análise em semiótica francesa, trazendo uma aproximação entre conceitos desta teoria e uma interpretação conceitual do gerativismo chomskyano expressa no filme de Gondry. Para essa discussão, levamos em conta os conceitos de merge (Chomsky 1992, 1995) e sistemas de input/output (Chomsky [2012] 2014) e como eles são apresentados na obra de Gondry por meio do conceito de enunciação, constante no Dicionário de Semiótica, de Greimas e Courtés (1983).
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Hogan, Erin K. "Don Quixote, Sweded by Michel Gondry in Be Kind Rewind (2008)." Open Cultural Studies 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 454–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2017-0042.
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Abstract In the spirit of poetic license from Be Kind Rewind (2008), this article argues that Michel Gondry’s film “swedes,” its playful neologism for ersatz remaking of Hollywood and classic films, Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quixote. The feature follows the Sanchification of Jerry (Jack Black), Gondry’s Don Quixote, and Quixotification of Mike (Mos Def), Gondry’s Sancho, as they nostalgically wrong cinematic rights through sweding and try to save their working-class neighbourhood from condemnation and gentrification through community film making. Gondry swedes the Quixote through his engagement with major themes and operations in Cervantes’s classic, including nostalgia, story-telling, conflicts between reality and fantasy, authorship, the grotesque and carnivalesque, (anti-)heroes, race and gender-bending, genre, and addressees turned addressers. This article discusses Be Kind Rewind’s relationship to Hollywoodian and Cervantine classics through the theoretical frameworks of Julio Garcia Espinosa’s imperfect cinema and Foucauldian semiotics, respectively. Be Kind Rewind uses and abuses Hollywood stereotypes to re-purpose them for a critique of discriminatory practices. Where casting is concerned and where Michel’s characters diverge from Miguel’s, Be Kind Rewind advances that skin colour is not an arbitrary sign and that race has historical and contemporary meaning in intercultural interactions.
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Filimon, Eliza Claudia. "A Blend of Sound and Image- the Music Video." Romanian Journal of English Studies 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjes-2013-0002.
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Abstract The focus of this paper is first of all the issue of authorship in music videos, with reference to the division of tasks between the musician and the director. Secondly, a non-narrative musical piece in analysed - The Chemical Brothers’ Star Guitar - in relation to the narrative video created by Michel Gondry to enrich its meanings and better convey the intended message of the musicians.
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Pleven, Bertrand. "The We and the I de Michel Gondry : action ou vérité ?" Géographie et cultures, no. 88 (December 1, 2013): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gc.3160.
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Buckland, Warren. "Les storyworlds non naturels et impossibles de Michel Gondry : la mise en abyme dans « Bachelorette »." Volume !, no. 14 : 2 (April 26, 2018): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/volume.5555.
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Cerisuelo, Marc. "Remake secret et univers multiples." Cinémas 25, no. 2-3 (March 23, 2016): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035775ar.
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Deux ouvrages récents, l’un de Pierre Bayard (Il existe d’autres mondes, 2013) et l’autre d’Alain Boillat (Cinéma, machine à mondes, 2014), ont contribué à une meilleure connaissance de la problématique de la pluralité des univers en littérature et au cinéma. Cet article présente les thèses de ces deux auteurs en les reliant aux « fictions de l’amour perdu dans le temps » et développe l’articulation d’un passage consacré à Je t’aime je t’aime (Alain Resnais, 1968) et à Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (Du soleil plein la tête, Michel Gondry, 2004) dans le livre d’Alain Boillat avec la question du remake et, plus largement, avec celle de l’histoire du cinéma comme champ de réécritures multiples, sous l’espèce de la négociation générique, mais aussi de la généalogie secrète entre les répliques d’un même ébranlement fondateur : ici, celui de Vertigo (Sueurs froides, Alfred Hitchcock, 1958).
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Yohn, María Del Rincón, Efrén Cuevas Álvarez, and María Noguera. "Laberintos del recuerdo: La representación de la memoria en ¡Olvídate de mí!" Fotocinema. Revista científica de cine y fotografía, no. 20 (January 29, 2020): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/fotocinema.2020.v0i20.7601.
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El artículo propone un estudio del filme ¡Olvídate de mí! como caso paradigmático de “película de memoria”. La cinta, dirigida por Michel Gondry y con guion de Charlie Kaufman, aborda la representación fílmica de la memoria personal de una manera lograda, en su doble condición de objeto y proceso. El análisis aborda en primer lugar cómo la memoria emerge en la película como eje temático de la representación fílmica. Después se analiza la estructura del relato, construida a partir distintas líneas narrativas que se entrecruzan constantemente y que provocan una evidente complejidad narratológica. Y, por último, se atiende a los tres rasgos más característicos de las películas de memoria: la subjetividad, la indiscernibilidad temporal y la performatividad. La forma en la que estos tres conceptos convergen en ¡Olvídate de mí! convierte este filme en un excelente ejemplo de las posibilidades a las que se abre la representación fílmica de la memoria personal.
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Tarín Cañadas, Marta. "La narrativa en el videoclip “Knives Out”, de Michel Gondry: un ejemplo de relato en plano secuencia." Revista ICONO14. Revista científica de Comunicación y Tecnologías emergentes 10, no. 2 (July 9, 2012): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v10i2.482.
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Oliveira, Lethicia O. "Alguns pensamentos nietzscheanos a partir do filme Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind." Viso: Cadernos de estética aplicada 12, no. 22 (August 19, 2017): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/1981-4062/v22i/241.
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Este ensaio pretende mostrar como o filme “Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind” de Michel Gondry apresenta, pela forma como é montado e pelo conteúdo da trama, alguns pensamentos próprios à filosofia de Friedrich Nietzsche, citado ao longo do enredo. O elogio que o fundador da filosofia contemporânea tece ao esquecimento será um dos pontos abordados, já que a película conta a história de um casal que, após uma briga, decide apagar as memórias um do outro. Além disso, também o tema nietzschiano do eterno retorno é retratado, pois após o procedimento de apagamento das memórias os personagens principais se reencontram e o filme indica que viverão a mesma história novamente, como desejam. Por fim, a personagem Clementine possui personalidade nietzschiana, sendo espontânea, inconstante, impulsiva e travessa. A partir da abordagem desses temas desenvolver-se-ão, além das influências da filosofia de Nietzsche na película, também possíveis críticas a ela. Assim, o intuito desse ensaio será apresentar o que nos parece ser a intenção dos criadores da película no que tange ao pensamento nietzschiano.
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Pérez López, Patricia. "La traslación de la imagen a la gran pantalla en 'L’écume des jours': la “paraadaptación”." Revista de Lenguas para Fines Específicos, no. 27.1 (June 23, 2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20420/rlfe.2021.385.
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Muchos han sido los términos utilizados para hacer referencia a la adaptación cinematográfica en las últimas décadas y muy variadas las definiciones de cada uno de ellos. En obras literarias con rasgos surrealistas como L’écume des jours, de Boris Vian, llevar determinadas imágenes a la gran pantalla hace necesario un replanteamiento de los términos y, quizás, la creación de uno nuevo que englobe todo lo que esa traslación recoge. Para lograr este propósito, este artículo comienza, de manera general, con un análisis de la imagen y de los elementos que la componen, tanto en el cine como en la literatura, y continúa con las distintas acepciones del hecho de llevar una obra literaria al cine. Posteriormente, aplica dicha teoría a la mencionada obra de Boris Vian y a las “adaptaciones” de Charles Belmont y Michel Gondry. Como resultado de todo ello, se expondrá la importancia que tienen los contextos de producción en la creación de cada una de las obras y se propondrá una mención que se considera más apropiada para los casos estudiados.
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Bahruddin, Muh. "Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa pada Media melalui Film dan Model Discovery Learning." JUPIIS: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL 12, no. 2 (October 18, 2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jupiis.v12i2.17116.
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This study aims to determine the increase in critical thinking skills of Visual Communication Design studens at Universitas Dinamika in the mass media. This research focuses on the ability to identify, discover, and solve problems. Researcher used a film medium called "Green Hornet" (2011) by Michel Gondry combined with the discovery learning model. This film tells the story of the production process of the media (newspapers) in the hands of readers. There are interference from media owners, journalists, and other conditions on an issue that will be published by the media. The "discovery learning" model provides an opportunity for students to actively search for, gather, and compile information in order to describe a knowledge. While a lecturer provide data or instructions (models) to find out what students must learn. The lecturer must also review and provide a review of the student's independent learning outcomes. Researcher ask questions that fit the indicators of critical thinking using newspapers and television media. The results of this study were the students' critical thinking skills improved. In cycle 1, students are able to increase their critical power when identifying titles, subtitles, words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, and captions. While in cycle 2, improvement occurs when students identify images or visuals, tables, charts, and problem solving.
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Vernallis, Carol. "Palm Pictures Directors Label Series. Eight DVDs featuring the work of directors Anton Corbin, Chris Cunningham, Jonathan Glazer, Michel Gondry, Spike Jonze, Mark Romanek, Stéphane Sednaoui, and Hype Williams. Palm Pictures, 2002, 2003, 2005." Journal of the Society for American Music 1, no. 3 (July 17, 2007): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196307070174.
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Muluye, Dagnachew, Yitayih Wondimeneh, Yeshambel Belyhun, Feleke Moges, Mengistu Endris, Getachew Ferede, Gashaw Yitayew, and Digsu Negese. "Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with HIV at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia." ISRN Tropical Medicine 2013 (August 12, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/123858.
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Background. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite and is a major opportunistic pathogen in immune-compromised hosts. This study assessed the prevalence of T. gondii and associated risk factors among people living with HIV. Methods and Materials. A cross-sectional study was carried out among people living with HIV attending Gondar University Hospital. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic factors, and 10mL of venous blood was collected for anti-Toxoplasma antibody test and determination of CD4 levels. Serum was tested in duplicate for anti-Toxoplasma antibody using rapid slide agglutination test. Results. A total of 170 study subjects were enrolled in the study. Seroprevalence of T. gondii among the study participants was 76.5% (95% CI: 69.0–82.8). High proportions of seropositive individuals (64.7%) were found under the child bearing age groups. The mean CD4+ lymphocyte count of HIV monoinfected participants was cells/mm3 while coinfected study participants had mean CD4+ lymphocyte count of cells/mm3 with value of 0.01. Conclusion. The seroprevalence of T. gondii among people living with HIV was high. Cautious followup of HIV-positive patients is needed to prevent development of toxoplasmic encephalitis and other related complications.
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Nahar, Sultana Fizun, Ramesh Prasad Saha, Khan Md Ashfia, Asish Kumer Debnath, AKM Anisur Rahman, and Md Hasanuzzaman Talukder. "Seroprevalence of Zoonotic Protozoa Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Food Animals of Chattogram Division." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 7, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v7i2.48868.
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Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic protozoan parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection in sheep, goats and cattle in Chattogram division. In his study a total of 220 sera samples from different animals were collected from different herds of Chattogram division. Among the 220 samples, 184 sera were examined for T. gondii antibody by indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) (ID Screen® indirect ELISA kit, IDvet Laboratories, Inc., France) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Samples with more than 50% S/P were considered as positive for T. gondii. The overall prevalence of T. gondii was 13.59%. The highest prevalence of T. gondii was found in goat 16%, sheep 13.04% and cattle 11.90%. The highest prevalence (36.36%) of T gondii infection was observed in sheep aged >5 years compared to other age groups. Similarly, the highest seroprevalence was found in >18 months old sheep (16.067% compared to <6 months group (5.88%) and pregnant (19.63%) and non-pregnant sheep (11.76%). In contrast to cattle and sheep, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in goats were highest in 6 months to 18 months age group (20.83%) compared to >18 months age group (9.09%). Results indicate that T. gondii infection in food animals in Chattogram division is widespread. Further investigation on the isolation and characterization of T. gondii from the aborted fetus and its zoonotic potential on human population is imperative. The undercooked meat and raw milk of these food animals may serve as a potential source of T. gondi infection for humans.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 275-281, August 2020
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Wanahari, Tenri Ashari, Paramasari Dirgahayu, Yulia Sari, Afiono Agung Prasetyo, Seiji Kageyama, Murkati ., Ruben Dharmawan, and Asmarani Kusumawati. "IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTI-Toxoplasma gondii ANTIBODIES CONCENTRATION IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD SAMPLES AMONG MALE COMMERCIAL SEX WORKER IN SURAKARTA." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (September 20, 2015): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.201.
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<p>Primary prevention of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection among high risk-community of HIV transmission is very essential. The goal of the study was as preliminary study to quantify Immunoglobulin-G (IgG) anti-T. gondi protein concentration in peripheral blood samples among male CSW in Surakarta, Indonesia. In cross sectional study, peripheral blood samples of thirty male CSW in Surakarta were collected, and determined for IgG anti-T. gondii using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Then we conducted three statistical modeling approach using simple linear regression model, to predict the IgG protein concentration (Y) from each IgG index measurement (X). IgG index measurement was determined by dividing samples optical density (O.D) and cut-off calibrator O.D (O.D was measured in spectrophotometer). The models were Y1 = 21.3*X1 – 4.3 (for the range between 0.2 to 1.7 of IgG index), Y2 = 85.0*X2 – 112.5 (between 1.7 to 2.5 of IgG index), and Y3 = 666.7*X3 – 1566.7 (for more than 2.5 of IgG index). Pearson correlation analysis was used to measure relationship between IgG antibodies concentration and age (p <br /><0.05 was considered as significant). All data analysis was done using STATA® 12 statistical software and Python® 3.3 programming software. The result showed that by fitting linear regression model, we found high titer (more than 300 IU/ml) of IgG anti-T.gondii among 20% of male CSW. About 13.33% of them had moderate titer 100 – 300 IU/ml of IgG antibodies, and 66.67% of them had less than 100 IU/ml of IgG antibodies titer. There was mild negative correlation between IgG antibodies titers with age, but it was not significant. The present study was the first finding reported IgG anti-T. gondii concentration status among male commercial sex worker in Indonesia, indicating of a need more public health promotion for primary prevention of toxoplasmosis among this community.</p><p><br />Keywords: Immunoglobulin-G concentration, Toxoplasma gondii, Male commercial sex worker, Indonesia, Linear regression</p>
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ASEMU, Mulu Tiruneh, Kasim Mohammed YESUF, and Yohannes Tadesse ASNAQEW. "Survival Analysis of Glaucoma Patients Until Blindness: The Case of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Biostatistics 11, no. 1 (2019): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/biostatic.2019-64649.
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Moreno, Silvia N. J., Lawrence Ayong, and Douglas A. Pace. "Calcium storage and function in apicomplexan parasites." Essays in Biochemistry 51 (October 24, 2011): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0510097.
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Calcium is relevant for several vital functions in apicomplexan parasites, including host cell invasion, parasite motility and differentiation. The ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and calcium-rich acidocalcisomes have been identified as major calcium stores. Other potential calcium-storage organelles include the Golgi, the mitochondrion, the apicoplast and the recently described plant-like vacuole in Toxoplasma gondii. Compared with most eukaryotic systems, apicomplexan parasites contain a reduced number of calcium-related genes, a vast majority of which remain uncharacterized. Several Ca2+-ATPases have been described in apicomplexans, several of which are annotated in the different genomes. There is experimental evidence for an IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate)-dependent calcium response in Plasmodium spp. and T. gondii, although no IP3 or ryanodine receptors have been identified. Genes encoding potential calcium channels are present in T. gondi, but not in Plasmodium spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. Effector calcium-binding proteins including calmodulins and CDPK (calcium-dependent protein kinase) genes mainly found in plants have also been described. The characterized CDPKs were found to play important roles in protein secretion, host cell invasion and parasite differentiation. Taken together, the available information on calcium storage and function in apicomplexans, although fragmented, suggest the existence of unique calcium-mediated pathways in these parasites. An in-depth functional characterization of the apicomplexan calcium-related genes could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and will improve our understanding of the role of calcium in parasite development and virulence.
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Lazo Guerrero, Yuber Ariel, Alondra Lileana Bonilla, Sara Buitrago, and Mairelys Duarte. "Determinación Serológica de Anticuerpos IgM para Toxoplasma Gondii en embarazadas que habitan en la zona N°4 de Juigalpa." Revista Torreón Universitario 7, no. 20 (October 14, 2019): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/torreon.v7i20.8570.
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Como describe Botero y Restrepo, la toxoplasmosis es una infección producida por un protozoo Toxoplasma Gondi intracelular de la subclase coccidia que afecta a una parte de la población en todo el mundo, se asocia con una infección congénita y abortos. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar serológicamente la presencia de Anticuerpos IgM del Parasito Toxoplasma Gondii en mujeres embarazadas que habitan en la Zona número 4 de Juigalpa. La investigación se llevó a cabo con el propósito de conocer el grado de positividad que presentaban las muestras sanguíneas de estas personas, el instrumento utilizado en esta investigación fue la encuesta y el análisis serológico a muestras sanguíneas, los datos obtenidos fueron insertados en un programa probabilístico (SPSS).
Esta investigación se posiciona en el paradigma positivista, en el que participaron 21 mujeres embarazadas. El examen de Toxoplasma gondii se llevó a cabo a través del método ELISA IgM. El 23.8% del 100% de las muestras analizadas provenientes de las participantes en la investigación, presentaron positividad para anticuerpos de tipo IgM, lo cual es un peligro para una mujer embarazada ya que si la madre se infecta de toxoplasmosis durante el embarazo, hay muchas posibilidades de que transmita la infección al feto, y el porcentaje de riesgo de transmisión es mayor cuanto más avanzada se encuentra la gestación en el momento de contraer la infección, siendo del 15% si esta ocurre durante el primer trimestre, del 30% durante el segundo trimestre, y llegando al 60% en el tercer trimestre
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Yiğit, Gülşah. "Neisseria gonorrhoea: Gonorrhoea and antibiotic resistance." Journal of Turkish Family Physician 7, no. 1 (March 20, 2016): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15511/tjtfp.16.01606.
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Cai, Jun, Zhijin Sheng, Yu Jin, Yinan Du, Xinlei Yan, and Yong Yao. "Potential linkage between Toxoplasma gondii infection and physical education scores of college students." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): e0241653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241653.
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Objective Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide protozoan parasite that could infect virtually all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of T. gondii infection in college students at Anhui province, China and to assess risk factors for T. gondii infection in college students. Moreover, growing studies demonstrated the association between T. gondii infection and host behavioral changes. We also studied the linkage between T. gondii and physical education (PE) scores of college students. Methods A total of 2704 serum samples of medical school students attending physical education lessons were collected from September 2017 to September 2019 and evaluated for T. gondii IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Questionnaires and statistical analysis were used to determine the risk factors for T. gondii infection. We also analysed PE scores of T. gondii -infected students and T. gondii-uninfected students. Results The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 11.5%. The main risk factors related to T. gondii infection in college students were cat in the household and gardening or agriculture activity. Furthermore, in the basketball group and the soccer group, scores of T. gondii seropositive students were significantly higher than those of seronegative students, while in other sports there was no difference between scores of T. gondii-infected students and T. gondii uninfected students. Conclusion This is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in college students in Anhui province, China.
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Rifkind, David. "Gondar." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 70, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 492–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2011.70.4.492.
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Gondar, Ethiopia, expanded dramatically in the late 1930s as a colonial administrative center for Italian East Africa. David Rifkind shows how urban design and architecture functioned in Gondar between 1936 and 1941 as key tools of Italian colonial policy. Italian urbanism throughout the fascist era illustrates the disquieting compatibility of progressive planning and authoritarian politics, and in Gondar modern urban design was used to define imperial identity for both Italian settlers and African colonial subjects. Gondar: Architecture and Urbanism for Italy's Fascist Empire documents the striking sensitivity to topography and historical preservation that Italian designers brought to their colonial mission as well as the skill with which they adapted to the material and political challenges of working in Italy's overseas dominions.
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Estrada-Martinez, Sergio, Alma Rosa Pérez-Álamos, Melina Ibarra-Segovia, Isabel Beristaín-Garcia, Agar Ramos-Nevárez, Leandro Saenz-Soto, Elizabeth Rábago-Sánchez, Carlos Alberto Guido-Arreola, and Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel. "Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in people with alcohol consumption in Durango, Mexico." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): e0245701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245701.
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The seroepidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in alcohol consumers is largely undeveloped. In light of this, we sought to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in alcohol consumers in Durango, Mexico, and the association of T. gondii seroprevalence with characteristics of the population studied. Anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were searched in sera of participants using commercially available enzyme immunoassays. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were then used to determine the association between T. gondii infection and the characteristics of the population studied. Of the 1544 people studied (mean age: 39.4±14.0 years), 173 (11.2%) tested positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. We were able to test 167 of the 173 anti-T. gondii IgG positive sera for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. Fifty-five (32.9%) of these 167 serum samples were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. Bivariate analysis showed that visual impairment, history of surgery, and hepatitis were negatively associated with T. gondii IgG seropositivity (P<0.05). In women, seropositivity to T. gondii was positively associated with a history of pregnancy (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that T. gondii seropositivity was associated with the variables consumption of armadillo meat (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.04–5.22; P = 0.03), and the use of latrines for elimination of excretes (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.07–4.80; P = 0.03); and high (>150 IU/ml) anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were associated with consumption of both armadillo meat (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.01–5.02; P = 0.04) and crowding at home (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.02–2.61; P = 0.03). We found a distinct T. gondii seroprevalence in people with alcohol consumption from those previously found in population groups in the region. This is the first study that illustrates the association between high anti-T. gondii antibodies and crowding in Mexico, and the second study on the association between T. gondii infection and consumption of armadillo meat and the use of latrines in this country. We conclude that epidemiology of T. gondii infection in people with alcohol consumption deserves further investigation.
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Asrijal, Asrijal. "PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.) PADA BERBAGAI BOKASHI ECENG GONDOK." Journal TABARO Agriculture Science 3, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.35914/tabaro.v3i2.300.
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Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.), pada berbagai bokashi eceng gondok. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak kelompok terhadap empat macam bokashi eceng gondok yaitu tanpa bokashi eceng gondok, bokashi eceng gondok kotoran ayam pedaging, bokashi eceng gondok kotoran sapi, dan bokashi eceng gondok kotoran ayam kampung. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga jumlah kombinasi perlakuan sebanyak 12 kombinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Aplikasi bokashi eceng gondok kotoran ternak ayam kampung memperlihatkan hasil yang nyata dan tertinggi pada jumlah daun dan bobot segar tanaman sawi masing-masing sebesar 9.51 helai dan 27,79 g/tanaman, dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya
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Ahmad, Zaki, Yara W. Moustafa, John W. Stiller, Mary A. Pavlovich, Uttam K. Raheja, Claudia Gragnoli, Soren Snitker, et al. "Sleep onset insomnia, daytime sleepiness and sleep duration in relationship to Toxoplasma gondii IgG seropositivity and serointensity." Pteridines 28, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2017): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pterid-2017-0010.
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AbstractToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infects central nervous tissue and is kept in relative dormancy by a healthy immune system. Sleep disturbances have been found to precipitate mental illness, suicidal behavior and car accidents, which have been previously linked to T. gondii as well. We speculated that if sleep disruption, particularly insomnia, would mediate, at least partly, the link between T. gondii infection and related behavioral dysregulation, then we would be able to identify significant associations between sleep disruption and T. gondii. The mechanisms for such an association may involve dopamine (DA) production by T. gondii, or collateral effects of immune activation necessary to keep T. gondii in check. Sleep questionnaires from 2031 Old Order Amish were analyzed in relationship to T. gondii-IgG antibodies measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and serointensity were not associated with any of the sleep latency variables or Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). A secondary analysis identified, after adjustment for age group, a statistical trend toward shorter sleep duration in seropositive men (p=0.07). In conclusion, it is unlikely that sleep disruption mediates links between T. gondii and mental illness or behavioral dysregulation. Trending gender differences in associations between T. gondii and shorter sleep need further investigation.
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Sasaqi, Dilyan Sasaqi, Yahdi Yahdi, and Lutvia Krismayanti. "Pengaruh Tingkat pH, Fosfat, Nitrat, dan Ammonium Terhadap Pertumbuhan Eceng Gondok di Perairan Bendungan Batujai, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah." Biota 9, no. 1 (February 19, 2018): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/jb.v9i1.45.
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Eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) digolongkan sebagai gulma perairan yang mampu menyesuaikan diri terhadap perubahan lingkungan dan berkembang biak secara cepat. Adapun faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) meliputi tingkat pH, fosfat, nitrat dan ammonium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pH, fosfat, nitrat dan ammonium terhadap pertumbuhan eceng gondok di perairan Bendungan Batujai. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 19 Oktober sampai dengan 16 November 2015. Parameter yang diukur meliputi tinggi batang eceng gondok, berat basah eceng gondok, dan jumlah helai daun eceng gondok. Parameter kualitas air yang diukur adalah pH, nitrat, fosfat dan ammonium. Pada lokasi A yaitu di Sungai Leneng biomassa rata-rata eceng gondok 0,29 kg, lokasi C yaitu di Sungai Manhal biomassa rata-rata eceng gondok 0,31 kg, lokasi D yaitu di Bendungan Batujai biomassa rata-rata eceng gondok 0,29 kg. Pertumbuhan biomassa optimum eceng gondok berada pada kadar Nitrat (NO3) sebesar 3,495 ppm yang terdapat pada penelitian ke-2 dengan biomassa basah eceng gondok yaitu 0,39 kg dan pertumbuhan biomassa sebesar 0,035 % kg/hari. Pada lokasi C memberikan hasil paling baik karena unsur hara pada perairan tersebut lebih banyak, hal ini bisa dilihat dari tingkat pH, fosfat, nitrat dan ammonium yang dimiliki lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan lokasi yang lain.
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Bakacak, Murat. "Seroprevalance of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women." Dicle Medical Journal / Dicle Tıp Dergisi 41, no. 2 (January 6, 2014): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2014.02.0425.
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Theel, Elitza S., Melanie L. Yarbrough, Heather Hilgart, and Ann M. Gronowski. "Evaluation of the Bio-Rad BioPlex 2200 Toxoplasma gondii IgM Multiplex Flow Immunoassay." Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine 3, no. 6 (May 1, 2019): 1022–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/jalm.2018.026906.
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Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis is routinely diagnosed through detection of Toxoplasma gondii–specific antibodies. However, the imperfect specificity of T. gondii serologic assays is a well-recognized limitation. The new BioPlex 2200 (Bio-Rad Laboratories) T. gondii, rubella, and cytomegalovirus (ToRC) IgM multiplex flow immunoassay (MFI) received FDA clearance in May 2017. We evaluated the clinical performance of the new T. gondii IgM and existing IgG portion of this MFI. Methods Three hundred prospectively collected consecutive, residual sera, submitted for T. gondii serologic testing as part of routine clinical care, and an archived set of 52 residual sera previously positive for anti–T. gondii IgM and IgG with the predicate ADVIA Centaur Toxoplasma IgM and IgG assays (Siemens) were evaluated. Performance of the BioPlex 2200 T. gondii IgM and IgG MFIs was assessed by calculating positive (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA) compared to the Centaur tests. Results Among prospective specimens, the BioPlex 2200 T. gondii IgM and IgG MFIs demonstrated a PPA of 0% (0/7) and 82.3% (28/34) and NPA of 99.3% (288/290) and 95.8% (251/262), respectively, with the Centaur assays. Chart review of the 7 Centaur T. gondii IgM-positive samples revealed that these were likely falsely positive. Among archived samples, the BioPlex 2200 T. gondii IgM and IgG MFIs showed PPAs of 90.4% (47/52) and 100% (52/52), respectively. Conclusions The BioPlex 2200 T. gondii IgM and IgG MFIs demonstrated excellent concordance with the Centaur assays. The T. gondii IgM MFI may provide higher specificity in low-prevalence populations.
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Nasiru Wana, Mohammed, Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas, Malaika Watanabe, Ngah Zasmy Unyah, Sharif Alhassan Abdullahi, Ashraf Ahmad Issa Alapid, Norshariza Nordin, Rusliza Basir, and Roslaini Abd Majid. "Molecular Detection and Genetic Diversity of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Cat Faeces from Klang Valley, Malaysia, Using B1 and REP Genes in 2018." Pathogens 9, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9070576.
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The major route for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection is through the ingestion of foods contaminated with oocyst from cat faeces. The microscopic detection of T. gondii oocysts in cat faeces is challenging, which contributes to the failure of detecting or differentiating it from other related coccidian parasites. This study aims to detect T. gondii oocysts in cat faeces using two multicopy-target PCR assays and to evaluate their genetic diversity. Cat faecal (200) samples were collected from pet cats (PCs; 100) and free-roaming cats (FRCs; 100) within Klang Valley, Malaysia, and screened for coccidian oocysts by microscopy using Sheather’s sucrose floatation. PCR assays were performed on each faecal sample, targeting a B1 gene and a repetitive element (REP) gene to confirm T. gondii oocysts. Additionally, the PCR amplicons from the REP gene were sequenced to further confirm T. gondii-positive samples for phylogenetic analysis. Microscopy detected 7/200 (3.5%) T. gondii-like oocysts, while both the B1 gene and the REP gene detected 17/200 (8.5%) samples positive for T. gondii. All samples that were microscopically positive for T. gondii-like oocysts were also shown to be positive by both B1 and REP genes. The BLAST results sequenced for 16/200 (8.0%) PCR-positive T. gondii samples revealed homology and genetic heterogeneity with T. gondii strains in the GenBank, except for only one positive sample that did not show a result. There was almost perfect agreement (k = 0.145) between the two PCR assays targeting the B1 gene and the REP gene. This is the first report on microscopic, molecular detection and genetic diversity of T. gondii from cat faecal samples in Malaysia. In addition, the sensitivities of either the B1 gene or REP gene multicopy-target PCR assays are suitable for the accurate detection of T. gondii from cat faeces.
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Zhou, Zuoyong, Yutong Wu, Yiwang Chen, Zhiying Wang, Shijun Hu, Rongqiong Zhou, Chunxia Dong, Hongquan Lin, and Kui Nie. "Molecular and serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Anaplasma spp. infection in goats from Chongqing Municipality, China." Parasite 25 (2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2018024.
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Toxoplasmosis and anaplasmosis are severe zoonotic diseases, the former caused by Toxoplasma gondii and the latter by Anaplasma spp. In the present study, 332 goat blood samples were randomly collected from Chongqing Municipality, China to screen for T. gondii and Anaplasma spp. We used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect DNA, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to test for T. gondii antibodies. The prevalence of T. gondii and Anaplasma spp. was 38% and 35% respectively by PCR, and 42% for T. gondii antibodies by ELISA. The co-infection rate by T. gondii and Anaplasma was 13%, where the two predominant pathogens co-infecting were Anaplasma phagocytophilum + A. bovis (10%), followed by T. gondii + A. phagocytophilum (9.64%). While co-infection by three pathogens varied ranging from 1.81% to 5.72%, less than 1% of goats were found to be positive for four pathogens. This is the first investigation of T. gondii and Anaplasma spp. infection in goats from Chongqing.
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Duffy, Allyson R., Jeffrey R. O’Connell, Mary Pavlovich, Kathleen A. Ryan, Christopher A. Lowry, Melanie Daue, Uttam K. Raheja, et al. "Toxoplasma gondii Serointensity and Seropositivity: Heritability and Household-Related Associations in the Old Order Amish." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (October 3, 2019): 3732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193732.
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Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular parasite infecting one third of the world’s population. Latent T. gondii infection has been associated with mental illness, including schizophrenia and suicidal behavior. T. gondii IgG antibody titers were measured via ELISA. The heritability of T. gondii IgG was estimated using a mixed model that included fixed effects for age and sex and random kinship effect. Of 2017 Old Order Amish participants, 1098 had positive titers (54.4%). The heritability for T. gondii serointensity was estimated to be 0.22 (p = 1.7 × 10−8 and for seropositivity, it was estimated to be 0.28 (p = 1.9 × 10−5). Shared household environmental effects (i.e., household effects) were also determined. Household effects, modeled as a random variable, were assessed as the phenotypic covariance between any two individuals who had the same current address (i.e., contemporaneous household), and nuclear household (i.e., the phenotypic covariance between parents and children only, not other siblings or spouses). Household effects did not account for a significant proportion of variance in either T. gondii serointensity or T. gondii seropositivity. Our results suggest a significant familial aggregation of T. gondii serointensity and seropositivity with significant heritability. The shared household does not contribute significantly to family aggregation with T. gondii, suggesting that there are possible unmeasured non-household shared and non-shared environmental factors that may play a significant role. Furthermore, the small but significant heritability effects justify the exploration of genetic vulnerability to T. gondii exposure, infection, virulence, and neurotropism.
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Astawa, Nyoman, and Saultan Panjaitan. "IDENTIFIKASI PROSES TOMBOLO TANJUNG GONDOL DENGAN PERHITUNGAN ENERGI FLUX GELOMBANG DI PANTAI SINGARAJA, BALI UTARA." JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN 8, no. 2 (February 16, 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/jgk.8.2.2010.186.
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Morfologi Tanjung Gondol terdiri atas perbukitan yang cukup kontras terhadap morfologi di sekitarnya berupa pedataran. Batuan penyusun Tanjung Gondol terdiri atas batuan volkanik berupa lava, dan breksi vulkanik, yang mempunyai resistensi cukup tinggi terhadap energi gelombang laut. Daerah pedataran disusun oleh endapan aluvium yang sebagian besar berupa endapan pasir yang sangat mudah tergerus oleh energi gelombang.
Tanjung Gondol adalah sebuah pulau dekat pantai yang dipisahkan dari Pulau Bali oleh sebuah selat yang sempit dengan lautnya yang dangkal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi proses pembentukan tombolo Tanjung Gondol berdasarkan analisis data geologi dan oseanografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tanjung Gondol sebelumnya berupa sebuah pulau kecil yang terpisah dari Pulau Bali, dan dibatasi oleh laut dangkal. Karena proses pendangkalan pada laut tersebut akibat arus sejajar pantai, maka pulau kecil ini secara berangsur bersatu dengan Pulau Bali membentuk Tombolo Tanjung Gondol.
kunci : geologi, oseanografi, tombolo, Tanjung Gondol
The morphology Tanjung Gondol consists of hills that fairly contrast to the surrounding morphology of plain. The lithology of Tanjung Gondol consist of volcanic rocks such plain as lava, and volcanic breccia, which has a high resistans to the sea wave energy. The plain area consist of alluvial deposits mostly of sand which are easily eroded by the sea waves.
Tanjung Gondol is an island near the coast which is separated from Bali Island by the narrow strait with shallow sea. The aim of study is to identify the forming process of tombolo Tanjung Gondol based on the analyses of geological and oceanographical data. The result shows that the previous Tanjung Gondol was a small island separated from the Bali Island by a shallow sea. Due to the shallowing process in the area caused by longshore currents, this small island is then gradually connected to Bali Island forming the tombolo of Tanjung Gondol.
Keywords : geology, oceanography, tombolo, Tanjung Gondol.
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Dubey, J. P., H. F. J. Pena, C. K. Cerqueira-Cézar, F. H. A. Murata, O. C. H. Kwok, Y. R. Yang, S. M. Gennari, and C. Su. "Epidemiologic significance of Toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens (Gallus domesticus): the past decade." Parasitology 147, no. 12 (July 14, 2020): 1263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020001134.
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AbstractToxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. Domestic free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) are excellent sentinels of environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts because they feed on the ground. Chickens can be easily infected with T. gondii; however, clinical toxoplasmosis is rare in these hosts. Chickens are comparatively inexpensive and thus are good sentinel animals for T. gondii infections on the farms. Here, the authors reviewed prevalence, the persistence of infection, clinical disease, epidemiology and genetic diversity of T. gondii strains isolated from chickens worldwide for the past decade. Data on phenotypic and molecular characteristics of 794 viable T. gondii strains from chickens are discussed, including new data on T. gondii isolates from chickens in Brazil. This paper will be of interest to biologists, epidemiologists, veterinarians and parasitologists.
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R Sarjono, Purbowatiningrum, Nies S Mulyani, and Wirnia S Setyani. "KADAR GLUKOSA DARI HIDROLISIS SELULOSA PADA ECENG GONDOK MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma viride DENGAN VARIASI TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI." Molekul 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2012): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2012.7.2.118.
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Telah kita ketahui bahwa eceng gondok merupakan salah satu sumber selulosa yang melimpah di alam dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber karbon bagi jamur Trichoderma viride. Eceng gondok memiliki bobot kering selulosa 21,5%, hemiselulosa 33,9% dan lignin 7,01%. Trichoderma viride adalah jamur saprofit yang berpotensi memproduksi selulase yang mampu mendegradasi ikatan β-1,4-glikosida pada rantai selulosa untuk menghasilkan glukosa. Glukosa dapat dimanfaatkan dalam produksi sirup gula, asam organik dan bioetanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Trichoderma viride yang mampu tumbuh pada media pertumbuhan hasil modifikasi eceng gondok serta memperoleh temperatur optimum aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis eceng gondok dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dalam menghasilkan glukosa.Proses pertama adalah persiapan sampel enceng gondok meliputi delignifikasi, kurva pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride dibuat dalam media modifikasi eceng gondok untuk mengetahui waktu optimum pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride. Penentuan temperatur optimum dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dari aktivitas Trichoderma viride didasarkan pada glukosa yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis selulosa pada eceng gondok menggunakan metode Nelson Somogyi.Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa Trichoderma viride mampu tumbuh pada media modifikasi eceng gondok. Temperatur optimum aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis selulosa pada eceng gondok adalah 35oC dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dihasilkannya glukosa pada jam ke-96 yaitu sebesar 1,3864 mg/L.
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Zhou, N., X. Y. Zhang, Y. X. Li, L. Wang, L. L. Wang, and W. Cong. "Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in oral cancer patients in China: a case–control prospective study." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 15 (July 13, 2018): 1891–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818001978.
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AbstractOver the recent years, potential associations between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and cancer risk have attracted a lot of attention. Nevertheless, the association between T. gondii infection and oral cancer remains relatively unexplored. We performed a case–control study of 861 oral cancer patients and 861 control subjects from eastern China with the aim to detect antibodies to T. gondii by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in these patients. The results showed that oral cancer patients (21.72%, 187/861) had a significantly higher seroprevalence than control subjects (8.25%, 71/861) (P < 0.001). Among them, 144 (16.72%) oral cancer patients and 71 (8.25%) control subjects were positive for IgG antibodies to T. gondii, while 54 (6.27%) oral cancer patients and 9 (1.05%) controls were positive for IgM antibodies to T. gondii. In addition, multiple logistic analysis showed that T. gondii infection in oral cancer patients was associated with blood transfusion history, keeping cats at home, and oyster consumption. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provided a serological evidence of an association between T. gondii infection and oral cancer patients. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of T. gondii in oral cancer patients.
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Kang, Hae-Ji, Ki-Back Chu, Min-Ju Kim, Hyunwoo Park, Hui Jin, Su-Hwa Lee, Eun-Kyung Moon, and Fu-Shi Quan. "Evaluation of CpG-ODN-Adjuvanted Toxoplasma gondii Virus-Like Particle Vaccine upon One, Two, and Three Immunizations." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12100989.
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Successful vaccines against specific pathogens often require multiple immunizations and adjuvant usage. Yet, assessing the protective efficacy of different immunization regimens with adjuvanted Toxoplasma gondii vaccines remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the vaccine efficacy induced by CpG-ODN-adjuvanted T. gondii virus-like particles (VLPs) after challenge infection with T. gondii (ME49) in mice (BALB/c) upon one, two, and three immunizations. Immunization with adjuvanted T. gondii VLPs induced higher levels of T. gondii-specific IgG and/or IgA antibody responses, germinal center (GC) B cells, total B cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared with unadjuvanted VLPs. Increasing the number of immunizations was strongly correlated with enhanced protective immunity against T. gondii in mice, with the highest protection being demonstrated in mice thrice-immunized with either adjuvanted T. gondii VLPs or VLPs alone. Notably, lesser bodyweight reductions and cerebral cyst counts were observed in mice receiving multiple immunizations with the adjuvanted VLPs, thereby confirming the effectiveness of adjuvanted boost immunizations. These results demonstrated that multiple immunizations with T. gondii VLPs is an effective approach, and the CpG-ODN can be developed as an effective adjuvant for T. gondii VLP vaccines.
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Gale, Shawn D., Lance D. Erickson, Bruce L. Brown, and Dawson W. Hedges. "Examining the Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii and Seropositivity and Serointensity and Depression in Adults from the United Kingdom and the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study." Pathogens 10, no. 9 (August 29, 2021): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091101.
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Infecting approximately one-third of the world’s population, the neurotropic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii has been associated with cognition and several neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Findings have been mixed, however, about the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii and depression, with some studies reporting positive associations and others finding no associations. To further investigate the association between Toxoplasma gondii and depression, we used data from the UK Biobank and the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES). Results from adjusted multiple-regression modeling showed no significant associations between Toxoplasma gondii and depression in either the UK Biobank or NHANES datasets. Further, we found no significant interactions between Toxoplasma gondii and age, sex, educational attainment, and income in either dataset that affected the association between Toxoplasma gondii and depression. These results from two community-based datasets suggest that in these samples, Toxoplasma gondii is not associated with depression. Differences between our findings and other findings showing an association between Toxoplasma gondii and depression could be due to several factors including differences in socioeconomic variables, differences in Toxoplasma gondii strain, and use of different covariates in statistical modeling.
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Choi, Won Hyung, and In Ah Lee. "The Mechanism of Action of Ursolic Acid as a Potential Anti-Toxoplasmosis Agent, and Its Immunomodulatory Effects." Pathogens 8, no. 2 (May 9, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8020061.
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This study was performed to investigate the mechanism of action of ursolic acid in terms of anti-Toxoplasma gondii effects, including immunomodulatory effects. We evaluated the anti-T. gondii effects of ursolic acid, and analyzed the production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytokines through co-cultured immune cells, as well as the expression of intracellular organelles of T. gondii. The subcellular organelles and granules of T. gondii, particularly rhoptry protein 18, microneme protein 8, and inner membrane complex sub-compartment protein 3, were markedly decreased when T. gondii was treated with ursolic acid, and their expressions were effectively inhibited. Furthermore, ursolic acid effectively increased the production of NO, ROS, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interferon-β, while reducing the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in T. gondii-infected immune cells. These results demonstrate that ursolic acid not only causes anti-T. gondii activity/action by effectively inhibiting the survival of T. gondii and the subcellular organelles of T. gondii, but also induces specific immunomodulatory effects in T. gondii-infected immune cells. Therefore, this study indicates that ursolic acid can be effectively utilized as a potential candidate agent for developing novel anti-toxoplasmosis drugs, and has immunomodulatory activity.
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Webster, J., M. Kaushik, E. Prandovszky, and G. McConkey. "Toxoplasma gondii-altered host behaviour: Clues as to mechanisms of action and implications for its role in some cases of human schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 2122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73825-1.
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IntroductionRecognition of the role of infectious agents in a range of both acute and chronic diseases is increasing. One key example is the potential epidemiological and neuropathological association between some cases of schizophrenia with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. T. gondii establishes persistent infection within the CNS and can alter host behaviour. Altered dopamine levels have been reported for both T. gondii infection and schizophrenia. Several medications used to treat schizophrenia demonstrate anti-T. gondii properties, and haloperidol, a dopamine antagonist, can prevent the development of T. gondii-altered behaviour in rodents. Furthermore, T. gondii may actually be a source of dopamine, as it encodes a copy of the mammalian enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which represents the rate-limiting step in dopamine synthesis.AimsUsing the epidemiologically and clinically applicable rat-T. gondii model, and incorporating a battery of classical and novel non-invasive behavioural and physiological assays, we aim to further elucidate the impact of T. gondii on behaviour and the mechanisms involved.ResultsT. gondii increases the rats’ propensity for predation risk through enhanced activity, visibility and manipulation of their perception of predation risk, turning innate aversion into a ‘suicidal’ feline attraction. There is little indication that T. gondii alters the rats generalized anxiety, nor potential to enhanced predation by non-definitive mammalian host species. Preliminary associative analyses into the relationship between individual behavioural alterations and neurotransmitter and brain cysts localisation profiles will be presented.ConclusionsOur results provide further evidence for a role of T. gondii in the aetiology of some cases of schizophrenia.
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Diniah, Bibit Nasrokhatun. "HUBUNGAN KADAR EKSKRESI IODIUM URINE (EIU) DENGAN KEJADIAN GONDOK PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI DAERAH ENDEMIS GAKI." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Husada: Health Sciences Journal 11, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 152–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34305/jikbh.v11i2.168.
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Permasalahan yang umumnya terdapat di daerah endemis GAKI adalah kejadian pembesaran kelenjar tiroid (gondok). Gondok merupakan salah satu manifestasi klinis dari kondisi GAKI. Faktor-faktor yang dapat menyebabkan timbulnya gondok tidak hanya keadaan defisiensi iodium saja, akan tetapi keadaan ekses iodium atau kelebihan asupan iodium pada seseorang dapat menyebabkan gondok. Ekses iodium yang terjadi secara terus menerus akan dapat mengganggu proses sintesis hormon tiroid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kadar EIU dengan kejadian gondok.
Jenis penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel merupakan anak usia sekolah (6-12) sebanyak 51 anak dengan teknik penentuan sampel purposive sampling. Pengukuran kadar EIU dengan metode laboratorium Ammonium Persulphate Digestion Method dan pengukuran kejadian gondok menggunakan metode palpasi.
Sebanyak 51 anak (100%) memiliki kadar EIU diatas batas kecukupan (120 µg/dL);min 152 µg/dL; maks 284 µg/dL; mean 251,76 µg/dL, sebanyak 39,2% responden menderita gondok, meliputi grade 1 sebesar 37,2% dan grade 2 sebesar 2%. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Kadar Ekskresi Iodium Urine (EIU) dengan kejadian gondok (p=0,743)
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Ayinmode, A. B., and J. O. Abiola. "Investigating Potential Sources of Toxoplasmosis for Humans From Slaughtered Food Animals in Ibadan, Nigeria." Folia Veterinaria 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fv-2016-0016.
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Abstract The consumption of undercooked meat by humans is a potential infectious source for Toxoplasmosis. This study was aimed at finding potential infectious sources of Toxoplasma gondii for humans by investigating the seroprevalence of T. gondii in animals slaughtered in the Ibadan municipal abattoir. Serum samples from 1337 slaughtered animals (477 cattle, 267 sheep, 139 goats, and 454 pigs) were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. Serological studies using the ELISA method demonstrated the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in cattle, sheep, goats and pigs as 38.9%, 1.9%, 3.6% and 45.2%, respectively. Univariate statistical analysis detected an association between T. gondii seropositivity and sheep, goat and sex (P < 0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression model, only sheep, goats and pigs had an association with T. gondii seropositivity, while sex was a confounding factor. The detection of varying levels of antibodies to T. gondii infection in these food animals highlights their potential as a source of T. gondii for humans. Efforts should, therefore be directed at preventing the infection during the production and the processing of meat for food.
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PARAMESWARAN, N., R. M. O'HANDLEY, M. E. GRIGG, A. WAYNE, and R. C. A. THOMPSON. "Vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in Australian marsupials." Parasitology 136, no. 9 (June 24, 2009): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009006453.
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SUMMARYTo date, little is known about the dynamics of vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in Australian marsupials. Studies in mice demonstrate that vertical transmission of T. gondii is common and that chronically infected mice can transmit T. gondii to successive generations. In this study, PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect T. gondii in chronically infected marsupial dams and their offspring. T. gondii was detected in the unfurred pouch young of 2 out of 10 chronically infected western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) and in the unfurred pouch young of a brush-tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata). Results of the study suggest that vertical transmission of T. gondii can occur in chronically infected Australian marsupials.
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Marhadi, Marhadi, Henri Wibowo, and Vivie Amelia Kurniawan. "Analisis Penurunan Eceng Gondok (Eichornia Crassipes) dalam Perbaikan Kualitas Air Ditinjau Dari Parameter Timbal (Pb) dan Besi (Fe)." Jurnal Civronlit Unbari 3, no. 2 (October 27, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/civronlit.v3i2.37.
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Danau Sipin memiliki potensi perairan umum yang cukup besar dengan luas 40 Ha mengalami degradasi fungsi lingkungan ditandai dengan fluktuasi debit air antara musim kemarau dan musim hujan pendangkalan alur sungai dan semakin berkurangnya kapasitas penampungan air danau, Tujuan Penelitianmengetahui berapa perbandingan penurunan parameter Pb dan Fe oleh eceng gondok dari setiap bak, perubahan Ph dan Suhu dari setiap bak dan perubahan fisik eceng gondok sebelum dan sesudah penellitian. Metode penelitian mengetahui penurunan kadar timbal (Pb) dan besi (Fe) terhadap eceng gondok. Pada penelitian ini dibagi 4 perlakuan dengan berat eceng gondok yang berbeda namun kapasitas air sama yaitu sebesar 12 liter di setiap bak, dengan perlakuan sebagai berikut, pemberian eceng gondok atau disebut dengan bak kontrol (K) perlakuan pertama pemberikan eceng gondok sebesar 200, perlakuan kedua pemberian eceng gondok sebesar 400 gr dan perlakuan ketiga pemberian eceng gondok sebesar 600 gr,.masing-masing dari perlakuan tersebut mengalami pengontrolan yang sama, yaitu mengecek perubahan kadar pH dan suhu serta waktu detensi awal eceng gondok kontak dengan air sampel selama 9 hari. Setelah 9 hari dilakukan pengambilan sampel ke 2, pada hari ke 11 dilakukan pengambilan sampel ke 3, dan pada hari ke 13 dilakukan pengambilan sampel terakhir. Hasil penelitian untuk parameter besi (Fe) pengujian pada bak 200 gr sebesar rata-rata - 0.01 mg/L - 0.023 mg/L, bak 400 gr rata-rata sebesar 0.01 mg/L, bak 600 gr sebesar rata-rata 0.01 mg/L - 0.032 mg/L untuk pengujianparameter timbal (Pb) pada bak 200 gr sebesar 0.02 mg/L, bak 400 gr sebesar 0.02 mg/L, bak 600 gr sebesar 0.02 mg/L, untuk pengukuran pH dan suhu mencapai 29? dengan pH bak 200 gr 5, pH bak 400 gr 6, pH bak 600 gr 6,5 dan pH bak K 6. Perubahan fisik eceng gondok sebelum dan sesudah eksperimen sangat terlihat jelas pada daun dan batangnya, sebelum penelitian eceng gondok pada setiap bak berwarna hijau dan batang yang segar dan setelah penelitian ada beberapa eceng gondok yang berubah warna kekuningan dan layu dan perubahan pada airnya. Eceng gondok 600gr dengan kapasitas air 12 liter, selain daun eceng gondoknya yang menguning dan batangnya yang layu, dan air berubah semakin keruh dikarenakan kapasitas air 12 liter tidak cukup menampung eceng gondok dengan berat 600 gr.
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Mancianti, Francesca, Giuliana Terracciano, Camilla Sorichetti, Giuseppe Vecchio, Daniele Scarselli, and Stefania Perrucci. "Epidemiologic Survey on Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella pseudospiralis Infection in Corvids from Central Italy." Pathogens 9, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050336.
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Free-ranging corvids—678 magpies (Pica pica) and 120 hooded crows (Corvus cornix) from nine protected areas of the Pisa province (central Italy)—were examined for Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella pseudospiralis. The intracardiac blood clots from 651 magpies and 120 hooded crows were serologically examined for T. gondii. The DNA extracted from the hearts of seropositive birds was then used to perform a nested PCR for the amplification of the T. gondii B1 gene and for genotyping for SAG genetic markers. Breast muscle samples from 678 magpies and 91 hooded crows were tested by an artificial digestion method for Trichinella. Data were statistically analyzed. Forty-five (5.8%—41 magpies and four hooded crows) out of the 771 examined animals scored seropositive for T. gondii, with titers ranging from 1:25 to 1:100. T. gondii DNA was detected in 15 of the 45 positive birds and T. gondii genotypes II and III were identified. No positivity for T. pseudospiralis was found. No significant differences between the two species of corvids and among the different areas of origin were observed for seropositivity to T. gondii. This is the first extensive study on both T. gondii and T. pseudospiralis in magpies and hooded crows, as well as the first detection of T. gondii SAG genotypes in magpies.
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Wu, Liang, Lipei Wu, Chenyu Tang, Jiajian Wang, Xiaoling Jin, Xugan Jiang, and Shengxia Chen. "Induction of FAS II Metabolic Disorders to Cause Delayed Death of Toxoplasma gondii." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 18, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 8155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2018.16396.
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The exact mechanism of delayed death of Toxoplasma gondii is not known. FAS II synthesis in the apicoplast of T. gondii is essential for the survival of Toxoplasma gondii, while β-hydroxyacylacyl carrier protein dehydratase (FabZ) is indispensable for fatty acid synthesis. The present study investigated the relationship between the delayed death of T. gondii by inducing metabolic disorders due to suppression the expression of FabZ. A tetracycline-induced knockout vector inserted with T. gondii fabZ gene was constructed, and transfected into T. gondii TATi strain by electroporation. The stable mutants with tetracycline-induced knockout were selected, expression of FabZ was suppressed by using anhydrotetracycline (ATc), and FAS II deficient tachyzoites were prepared. The Western blot and qPCR results revealed that proliferation of FAS II deficient tachyzoites was not significantly different compared to the normal tachyzoites at 24 h and 48 h; however, after 72 h, the number of T. gondii tachyzoites in the ATc treated group was significantly (p < 0.05) less than that of non-treated group, indicating the delayed death of T. gondii caused by the loss of apicoplast and decrease in the expression of FabZ, which inhibited the FAS II metabolism. The results of this study can be used for prevention of toxoplasmosis by inducing delayed death of T. gondii.
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Mendoza-Larios, Laura Alejandra, Fernando García-Dolores, Luis Francisco Sánchez-Anguiano, Jesús Hernández-Tinoco, and Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel. "Association between Suicide and Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity." Pathogens 10, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091094.
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This study aimed to determine the association between suicide and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) seropositivity. Serum samples of 89 decedents who committed suicide (cases) and 58 decedents who did not commit suicide (controls) were tested for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were further detected by enzyme-linked fluorescence assay (ELFA). A total of 8 (9.0%) of the 89 cases and 6 (10.3%) of the 58 controls were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.28–2.60; p = 0.78). Anti-T. gondii IgG levels were higher than 150 IU/mL in two (2.2%) cases and in five (8.6%) controls (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.04–1.30; p = 0.11). Anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were not found in any case or control using the enzyme immunoassay and were found in only one (1.7%) control using ELFA (p = 0.39). Rates of IgG seropositivity and high levels of anti-T. gondii antibodies were similar in cases and in controls regardless of their sex or age groups. The results do not support an association between T. gondii seropositivity and suicide. However, the statistical power of the test was low. Further research is necessary to confirm this lack of association.
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Choi, Hei Gwon, Fei-Fei Gao, Wei Zhou, Pu-Reum Sun, Jae-Min Yuk, Young-Ha Lee, and Guang-Ho Cha. "The Role of PI3K/AKT Pathway and NADPH Oxidase 4 in Host ROS Manipulation by Toxoplasma gondii." Korean Journal of Parasitology 58, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.237.
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Dendritic cell is one of the first innate immune cell to encounter T. gondii after the parasite crosses the host intestinal epithelium. T. gondii requires intact DC as a carrier to infiltrate into host central nervous system (CNS) without being detected or eliminated by host defense system. The mechanism by which T. gondii avoids innate immune defense of host cell, especially in the dendritic cell is unknown. Therefore, we examined the role of host PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation by T. gondii in dendritic cell. T. gondii infection or T. gondii excretory/secretory antigen (TgESA) treatment to the murine dendritic cell line DC2.4 induced AKT phosphorylation, and treatment of PI3K inhibitors effectively suppressed the T. gondii proliferation but had no effect on infection rate or invasion rate. Furthermore, it is found that T. gondii or TgESA can reduce H2O2-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as host endogenous ROS via PI3K/AKT pathway activation. While searching for the main source of the ROS, we found that NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression was controlled by T. gondii infection or TgESA treatment, which is in correlation with previous observation of the ROS reduction by identical treatments. These findings suggest that the manipulation of the host PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and NOX4 expression is an essential mechanism for the down-regulation of ROS, and therefore, for the survival and the proliferation of T. gondii.
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Zhou, Na, Haiyang Fu, Zhongjun Wang, Hailei Shi, Yang Yu, Tingting Qu, Longlong Wang, Xiangyan Zhang, and Lin Wang. "Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in children with leukemia in Shandong Province, Eastern China: a case—control prospective study." PeerJ 7 (March 13, 2019): e6604. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6604.
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Limited information is available concerning the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in children with leukemia in Eastern China. Therefore, a case-control study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in this patient group and to identify risk factors and possible routes of infection. Serum samples were collected from 339 children with leukemia and 339 age matched health control subjects in Qingdao from September 2014 to March 2018. Enzyme linked immunoassays were used to screen anti- T. gondii IgG and anti- T. gondii IgM antibodies. Forty-eight (14.2%) children with leukemia and 31 (9.1%) control subjects were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies (P < 0.05), while 13 (3.8%) patients and 14 (4.1%) controls were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies (P = 0.84). Multivariate analysis showed exposure to soil and a history of blood transfusion were risk factors for T. gondii infection. Compared with IgG, patients with a history of blood transfusion were more likely to present anti- T. gondii IgM (P = 0.003). Moreover, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia had higher T. gondii seroprevalence in comparison to control subjects (P = 0.002 and P = 0.016, respectively). The results indicated that the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in children with leukemia is higher than that of healthy children in Eastern China. This information may be used to guide future research and clinical management, and further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of T. gondii in children with leukemia.
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Sandoval-Carrillo, Ada-Agustina, Angel Antonio Vértiz-Hernández, Jose-Manuel Salas-Pacheco, Olga Edith González-Lugo, Elizabeth-Irasema Antuna-Salcido, Sergio Manuel Salas-Pacheco, Luis Francisco Sánchez-Anguiano, et al. "Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study in Matehuala City, Mexico." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (August 2020): e033995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033995.
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ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in pregnant women in Matehuala City, Mexico; and the associated risk factors.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingMatehuala City, Mexico.Participants311 pregnant women.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSera of women were analysed for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by commercially available immunoassays. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the association between T. gondii seroprevalence and the characteristics of the pregnant women.ResultsThirteen (4.2%) of the 311 pregnant women studied were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. No anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in anti-T. gondii IgG seropositive women. No association between seropositivity and history of blood transfusion, transplantation, caesarean sections, deliveries, miscarriages or number of pregnancies was found. Logistic regression analysis of sociodemographic, behavioural and housing variables showed that availability of potable water at street represented a risk factor for T. gondii infection (age-adjusted OR=2.18; 95% CI: 1.05 to 4.53; p=0.03), whereas being born in Mexico was a protective factor for infection (age-adjusted OR=0.01; 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.35; p=0.008).ConclusionsIn this first study on the seroepidemiology of T. gondii infection in pregnant women in Matehuala, we conclude that the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection is low and similar to those reported in pregnant women in other Mexican cities. However, the seroprevalence found is lower than those reported in pregnant women in other countries in the Americas and Europe. Two risk factors associated with T. gondii infection were identified. Results of the present study may help for the optimal planning of preventive measures against toxoplasmosis in pregnant women.
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Jiang, Ruo-Lan, Quan Zhao, Jing Jiang, Xue-Long Chen, Xiao-Xuan Zhang, and Xiang Wu. "Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Dustmen in Northeastern China: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study." BioMed Research International 2018 (December 19, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3207675.
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Background. Toxoplasmosis is caused by an intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect many hosts including humans. Methods. In order to estimate whether dustmen are more susceptible to T. gondii, a case-control study was conducted containing 332 dustmen from Jilin and Heilongjiang in Northeastern China, as well as 332 general populations from the same regions as control subjects. Serum samples were tested IgG and IgM antibodies to T. gondii using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The overall anti-T. gondii IgG was 15.06% (50/332) in dustmen compared with 9.64% (32/332) in the controls (P = 0.0337). Also, 5 (1.51%) dustmen had anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies compared with 2 (0.60%) control individuals (P = 0.2543). A significant association was only found between dustmen and level of T. gondii IgG in comparison with the control subjects. Seroprevalence of T. gondii IgG antibodies in male dustmen was significant higher than male control subjects (P = 0.0399). Dustmen from Jilin had the significant higher T. gondii IgG rate (P = 0.0143), in comparison with the control subjects from Jilin. Moreover, dustmen raising cat at home had the significant higher T. gondii IgG rate (P = 0.0097), in comparison with the control subjects. Risk factor analysis suggested that raising cat at home and not having habits of washing hand before eating were mainly related to the T. gondii infection in dustmen. Conclusions. This is the first record of seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in dustmen in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeastern China. These findings also suggest that the government departments should pay close attention to the toxoplasmosis in dustmen in Northeastern China.
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Sousa, Richard Átila de, Jezlon da Fonseca Lemos, Leonardo Atta Farias, Carla Duque Lopes, and Karina Rodrigues dos Santos. "Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs in southern Piauí." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 23, no. 1 (March 2014): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612014015.
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This study is aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in pigs. We evaluated 143 pigs, in 10 randomly-chosen farms located in Southern Piauí. The pig's blood serum was analyzed through ELISA in detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies. A seroprevalence of 25.5% was observed in the pigs that reacted against T. gondii antigens. The data from the records demonstrated an association with some factors such as: age, diet, type of management, breed and presence of cats in the farms with a prevalence of T. gondii. With the exception of sex, all others features represent risk factors for T. gondii infection. Furthermore, our data contributed to the understanding of the T. gondii seroprevalence in pig farms located in Southern Piauí.