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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gonadotrophins'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2023

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1

Latimer, John Alexander. "Gonadotrophins and cytokines in ovarian epithelial cancer /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdl357.pdf.

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2

Harlin, Jonas. "Human gonadotrophins for ovarian stimulation in infertility treatment /." Stockholm : [Karolinska institutets bibl.], 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-7349-086-5/.

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3

Sheffield, James W. "The effects of gonadotrophins on testicular teroidogenesis during development." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522743.

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4

Khan, Abu Hadi Noor Ali. "Studies of the mammalian gonadotrophin releasing hormone network and the response of male animals to the withdrawal of the gonadotrophins following active immunisation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273438.

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5

Lawler, Denise Fionnuala. "Luteolysis in the mare : a role for the immune system and gonadotrophins?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28406.

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We investigated the presence, and changes in numbers, of populations of inflammatory cells in the equine CL at different stages of the oestrous cycle, after exogenous PGF_2α administration to artificially induced luteolysis, and in early pregnancy. As found in other species, populations of cells did vary with stage of the cycle, and the selective infiltration of cytotoxic T-cells identified prior to functional luteolysis may indicate a role for them in this process. Changes in MHC class II expression by luteal cells, which could potentially instigate an immune reaction, were not identified in our study. Investigation of the chemoattractant properties of luteal tissue taken at similar time-points, revealed that even by day 12-14 of the cycle leucocytes were attracted to the CL. This increased after functional luteolysis, especially with regard to mononuclear cells, while PGF_2α-treated tissue expressed even greater attractant activity. The identity of the chemoattractants was not determined, although collagen or collagenases may play a minor role. Administration of GnRH analogues to cattle in dioestrus has been reported to prolong luteal function, and improve pregnancy rates to the preceding insemination. In attempting to create a model for prolonged luteal function in the mare, a GnRH analogue was administered, and endocrine and ovarian responses monitored. Treatment had no significant effect on oestrous cycle length, progesterone levels, or follicular dynamics. It did however significantly reduce oestradiol levels compared to control systems. This may reflect altered folliculogenesis, which, in turn, could affect luteolysis. This was not detected in our study, and therefore did not provide us with a model for prolonged luteal function. Treatment of mares with a GnRH antagonist during dioestrus has previously been found to attenuate progesterone levels, and cause premature luteolysis in treated animals, indicating a role for LH in supporting equine luteal function. We further investigated the role of gonadotrophins in equine luteal function by identifying and localising LH receptor mRNA expression in equine follicles and CL by in situ hybridisation. Expression was maintained in CL until functional luteolysis, after which it was considerably reduced. mRNA levels also remained high in CL or early pregnancy, while PGF_2α treatment had varying results.

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6

Saeed, Sheikh Abdul. "Studies on steroidogenic, follicular and ovulatory responses to exogenous gonadotrophins in Hereford x Friesian heifers." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602259.

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This study was designed to investigate the locus of action of different gonadotrophins on the stimulation of multiple follicular development and superovulation in heifers. In addition follicular populations and steroiodogenic potential of the follicles (>10 mm diameter) at different stages of the superovulatory treatment were studied. Experiment 1 was carried out to investigate the effect of three gonadotrophins (pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin, PMSG; human menopausal gonadotrophin, hMG-Pergonal 75 i.u. FSH, 75 i.u. LH per ampoule; and urofollitrophin UF-Metrodin 75 i.u. FSH per ampoule) on multiple follicular development and hormonal profiles. Experiments 2 and 3 were designed to study follicular populations and steroiodogenic potential of the follicles in superovulated heifers and to compare these parameters with control heifers.

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7

McCabe, Mark James, and markmccabe02@hotmail com. "Hormonal regulation of the testicular Sertoli cell tight junction." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081212.100348.

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The Sertoli cell tight junction (TJ) of the seminiferous epithelium is important for the developmental process of spermatogenesis as it separates germ cells in the seminiferous tubules from the general circulation in the testicular interstitium. Absence of the TJ leads to spermatogenic arrest and infertility. TJs form at puberty as circulating gonadotrophins luteinising hormone/testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone increase. Several studies have demonstrated hormonal regulation of the two major TJ proteins, claudin-11 and occludin, and also of TJ function in vitro and in vivo. Men with low levels of circulating gonadotrophins exhibit an immature and dysfunctional TJ phenotype, which is reversed upon the exogenous application of gonadotrophins. This thesis hypothesises that claudin-11 and occludin are the major contributors to TJ function, and that gonadotrophins regulate TJ function and structure via these two proteins in several species including humans. This PhD was divided into four separate studies to address these hypotheses. The first study selectively silenced the genetic expression of claudin-11 and occludin with small interfering RNA (siRNA) in cultured immature rat Sertoli cells to determine their contribution to Sertoli cell TJ function in vitro. siRNA treatment against either protein significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced TJ function by ~50% as assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance. Immunocytochemistry displayed marked reductions in the localisation of these proteins to the TJ after siRNA treatment. It was concluded that both proteins significantly contributed to TJ function in vitro. The second and third studies then aimed to study hormonal regulation of the TJ in vivo. Weekly injections of the gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonist acyline were used to suppress circulating gonadotrophins and spermatogenesis in adult rats. Acyline treatment disrupted i) the localisation of occludin to the TJ and ii) TJ function as shown by permeability to a biotin tracer, which was impermeable to TJs in controls. Short-term hormone replacement partially restored the effects of gonadotrophin suppression. It was concluded that gonadotrophins regulate the maintenance of the TJ in rats in vivo. The third study used the hypogonadal (hpg) mouse, which is a naturally occurring model of gonadotrophin deficiency with inactive spermatogenesis. Claudin-11 in hpg mice was not localised at the TJs, and these were dysfunctional as shown by permeability to biotin. Following hormone treatment, TJs were structurally and functionally competent, demonstrating that gonadotrophins also regulate the formation of TJs in vivo. The fourth study subsequently analysed TJs in gonadotrophin suppressed men, and it was found that claudin-11 staining was reduced from continuous bands in control men, to punctate staining in gonadotrophin-suppressed men, demonstrating that gonadotrophins also regulate the localisation of claudin-11 to the TJ in men in vivo. In summary, it is concluded that the Sertoli cell TJ is hormonally regulated, and that the major contributors to TJ function in vivo and in vitro are claudin-11 and occludin. It is hypothesised that the reduction of claudin-11 localisation to the TJ in men may also result in a loss of human Sertoli cell TJ function, suggesting that the TJ may be a potential target of hormonal contraception in men.

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8

Sorli-Greze, Florence. "Valeur pronostique des hormones gonadotrophines au temps opératoire du cancer du sein." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11011.

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9

Pinese, Marcos Eduardo. "Puberdade em marrãs: I - Efeito das gonadotrofinas na indução e sincronização do estro à puberdade. II - Efeito do \"flushing\" alimentar no ciclo anterior à primeira concepção. III - Avaliação da eficiência produtiva e reprodutiva das marrãs até 1º parto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-31082007-133526/.

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O estudo objetivou avaliar num programa biotécnico aplicado a uma granja comercial, os feitos combinados, emprego de gonadotrofinas e aplicação do \"flushing\". As gonadotrofinas empregadas na indução e sincronização do estro à puberdade em marrãs, aliado a ciclicidade até o 4º estro, correspondeu à aplicação ou não da combinação hormonal, 600 UI de eCG (Novormon®, Syntex S. A., Argentina) e após 72 horas, 2,5mg de LH porcino (Lutropin®, Vetrepharm Canadá Inc., Canadá). O \"flushing\" alimentar ou esquema alimentar adotado na granja, foi empregado no ciclo estral que antecedeu a primeira inseminação artificial, ocorrida aos 220 dias de idade das fêmeas. Os parâmetros analisados foram: taxa de concepção (TC), taxa de parto (TP), taxa de aproveitamento (TA) e tamanho de leitegada (TL), sendo esse último representado pelo número de leitões nascidos totais (NT), nascidos vivos (NV), natimortos (NM) e mumificados (MM). Foram utilizadas 119 leitoas híbridas, num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2x2. O tratamento com hormônio mostrou percentual significativamente maior de fêmeas que manifestaram estro até o 5° dia de início da indução, em comparação com o tratamento somente com o estímulo do macho, 18,33% vs. 5,08%, respectivamente (P=0,0249). No intervalo seguinte de 18 - 30 dias após a indução, considerando variação do ciclo estral de 18 a 25 dias, a combinação hormonal revelou percentual significativamente maior comparado com o estímulo natural do macho, 48,33% vs. 16,94%, respectivamente (P=0,0003). Nos intervalos subseqüentes as diferenças não foram significativas. Não foi detectada interação significativa para os efeitos combinados gonadotrofinas e \"flushing\". Na análise das características em separado, não houve diferença significativa na taxa de concepção para os tratamentos combinação hormonal e estímulo do macho (96,23% vs. 94,00%, respectivamente), e tratamentos com \"flushing\" e esquema alimentar da granja (95,92% vs. 94,44%, respectivamente). Na taxa de parto, os percentuais embora não tenham revelado significância, mostraram diferenças numéricas, sendo o maior valor numérico representado pelo tratamento com hormônio em comparação com o macho, 92,45% vs. 80,00% respectivamente (P=0,0653). Quanto à taxa de aproveitamento das fêmeas, considerando a indução aos 153 dias de idade das marrãs até o parto, da mesma maneira evidenciou-se diferença numérica mostrando o tratamento com hormônio percentual maior em comparação com macho, 81,67% vs. 67,80%, respectivamente (P=0,0815). Não houve diferença significativa nos tratamentos relacionados à aplicação do \"flushing\" e esquema alimentar da granja, 70,00% vs. 79,66%, respectivamente. Não foi evidenciada diferença significativa quanto ao total de nascidos, nascidos vivos, natimortos e mumificados, para os dois fatores. Destacou-se diferença numérica de 0,75 leitões a mais no total de nascidos para o tratamento com hormônio, não havendo diferença significativa quando considerado o fator \"flushing\". A analise econômica feita pelas observações obtidas no presente estudo, considerando taxa de aproveitamento do parto e total de nascidos, destaca benefício financeiro apresentado através do valor presente líquido (VPL) para a combinação hormonal de $1.862,75, enquanto que o tratamento que utilizou indução somente com o macho, revelou um VPL negativo de $2.845,55. Conclui-se que houve efeito positivo das gonadotrofinas (eCG e LH) na indução e sincronização do estro à puberdade o qual pode ser associado, na menor dispersão da ciclicidade das marrãs até o quarto estro, no menor número de fêmeas descartadas até o primeiro parto e na vantagem econômica com base na taxa de aproveitamento das fêmeas até o parto e total de leitões nascidos.
The objective of the study was to investigate in a biotecnical program applied in a commercial breeding unit, the effects of the gonadotrophins (eCG and LH) on puberty estrus inductions and synchronization in gilts followed by their ciclicity. The investigation included the use of flushing on preceding oestrus cycle to first artificial insemination (IA). The traits analised were: conception rate, farrowing rate, the percentage of animals that started the experimental period and stayied to first farrowing, and litter size. The experiment used 119 hybrid gilts on 153 days of age. The experimental design was entirely random in a factorial arrangement 2x2. One factor corresponding to the gonadotrophin (H) application or the male (M) induction only. The hormonal treatment utilized a combination of 600 UI of eCG (Novormon®, Syntex S. A., Argentina) and 72 hours lates, 2,5 mg of LH (Lutropin®, Vetrepharm Canadá Inc., Canadá). The other factor corresponds to the flushing application in a restriction - ad libitum regimen (R) or a flushing application based on a lactation diet offered in an ad libitum regimen in the breeding unit (B). This factor was applied in the oestrus cycle that preceded first artificial insemination, occurring at 220 days of age. Our results identified,18,33% hormonal treatment of females showing apparent estrus compared to 5% in treatment that used only the male induction. From 18 to 30 days after induction, considering the estrus interval variation about 18-25 days, the hormonal treatment showed significant percentage more than the male induction (48,33% vs. 16,94%, respectively). In the following intervals the differences weren\'t statiscally significant. The cumulative percentuals until 30 days and 90 days periods, the values were 71,67% vs. 69,49% and 91,67% vs. 94,92%, respectively, for hormonal treatment and male induction. There wasn\'t significant interation for reproductive traits. There wasn\'t significant difference on the conception rate, when you considered the factors separately, hormonal treatment (H) and male (M) induction (96,23% vs. 94,00%, respectively) and flushing (R) and the regime adapted in the breeding unit (B) (95,92% vs. 94,44%, respectively). While the farrowing rate hasn\'t showed significance, there was umerical differences in favour of hormonal treatment against male induction (92,45 %vs 80,00%, respectively) (P=0,0653). Considering the period since induction (153 days of age) until parturition, the percentual of hormonal treatment group was superior compared to the male induction group (81,67% vs. 67,80%, respectively) (P=0,0815). However, the percentual was some flushing (R) and the regimen assumed in the breeding unit (G) (70,00% vs. 67,80%, respectively). There wasn\'t significant difference related to total born, born alive, stillborn and mummified fetus on both factors. It is important to emphasize the numerical differences of 0,75 total born piglets in favor of the hormonal groups. There wasn\'t any difference on the flushing factor. The economical analyses, considering the period since induction until parturition and total born piglets suggested a financial benify to the hormonal treatment compared to the male induction.

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10

Saddick, Salina Yahya. "Effect of the reproductive cycle on morphology and activity of the ovarian surface epithelium in mammals." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4713.

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The layer of cells lining the outer surface of the mammalian ovary, the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), is a constant feature throughout the dynamic tissue remodeling that occurs throughout the reproductive cycle (follicle growth, ovulation, corpora lutea formation and pregnancy). Abnormal development of these cells is responsible for 90% of all epithelial ovarian cancers in women and epidemiological studies have shown that susceptibility to ovarian cancer is negatively correlated with increasing pregnancy. Little is known about how OSE cells are affected at each stage of the cycle, so the main aim of this study was to determine how the reproductive cycle affected proliferation and degeneration of OSE cells. This study utilised three animal models each with a different type of reproductive cycle: a mono-ovular seasonal breeder (Sheep), a mono-ovular polyoestrous breeder (Cow) and a poly-ovular non human primate (marmoset) to allow comparisons to be made. Comparison of OSE proliferative activity was made in sheep and marmoset at each stage of the cycle including pregnancy and anoestrous. The bovine model was used to investigate apoptotic cell death. Proliferative activity of somatic cells within the sheep ovary was monitored throughout the reproductive cycle by detection of cell cycle markers PCNA and Ki67 using immunohistochemistry. The pattern of OSE proliferation was correlated with the pattern of follicle development at each stage (sheep and marmoset). During pregnancy cell proliferation was significantly lower in OSE and in granulosa cells, reflecting a suppression of mature follicle development during these stages whereas in cycling animals proliferation was increased. Differences in OSE proliferation were observed in relation to the local underlying tissue environment in both sheep and marmoset. Epithelial cell rupture and regeneration enhanced the hormonal mitogenic action on epithelial cells, which showed highest proliferation over corpora lutea in each animal model. To test the hypothesis that these changes are mediated by hormones or growth factors ovine OSE cells were cultured and proliferative activity monitored after treatment with several factors: fetal calf serum (FCS), follicular fluid from follicles of varying sizes, corpora lutea extracts, recombinant human IGF-1, oestradiol and progesterone. IGF alone was demonstrated to have an affect on increasing proliferation of cultured OSE cells. Levels of FSHr and LHr were monitored by quantitative real- time PCR and it was demonstrated that the concentration of gonadotrophin receptors in OSE, increased prior to and after ovulation, at which time the in vivo OSE proliferation also peaked. The in situ apoptosis index was determined in bovine tissue using TUNEL throughout the regular cycle, and at mid and late-pregnancy stages. The results showed that pregnancy induced apoptotic activity in OSE cells and up regulated the tumour suppressor gene p53. Cultured bovine OSE cells also exhibited an increased level of apoptosis following progesterone treatment. Since p53/p53 gene expression in OSE over the corpora lutea producing progesterone also increased, this progesterone-mediated apoptosis may be mediated through an up-regulation of p53 synthesis. The effect of pregnancy and low production of gonadotrophins in the regulation of OSE cell morphology and activity was further investigated in the marmoset monkey (a non-human primate) treated with GnRH antagonist and infused with BrdU to monitor proliferative activity. OSE proliferation was correlated to ovarian events (follicular growth, ovulation and luteinization) and this was suppressed during pregnancy. Inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion by treatment with a GnRH antagonist also markedly inhibited OSE proliferation. Taken together these studies support the hypothesis that pregnancy and periods of anovulation reduce proliferation of OSE cells and alter the pattern of apoptotic cell death and that this effect is independent of species and reproductive pattern. Suppression of gonadotrophins and other growth factors during pregnancy could enhance p53-mediated apoptosis of damaged and mitogenic cells arising from repeated ovulations. This effect may partly explain why increasing number of pregnancies in woman reduces the chance of epithelial ovarian cancers.

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11

Malinowsky, Kristin [Verfasser], Marek [Akademischer Betreuer] Zygmunt, Federico [Akademischer Betreuer] Jensen, Marek [Gutachter] Zygmunt, and Serban-Dan [Gutachter] Costa. "The role of gonadotrophins (hCG) and female sex hormones in B1-a B cell deregulation in a preeclampsia model / Kristin Malinowsky ; Gutachter: Marek Zygmunt, Serban-Dan Costa ; Marek Zygmunt, Federico Jensen." Greifswald : Universität Greifswald, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236693647/34.

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12

Bouënel, Nadine. "Stimulation folliculaire en vue de fécondation in vitro par l'administration sous-cutanée pulsatile de gonadotrophines : comparaison à la voie intra-musculaire conventionnelle." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11008.

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13

Wormald, Patricia J. "GnRH and neuropeptide regulation of gonadotropin secretion from cultured human pituitary cells." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27168.

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its superactive analogues are currently being used in the treatment of a number of endocrine disorders, such as endometriosis, precocious puberty, infertility and prostatic cancer. Selection of these analogues for clinical use have been previously based on their activities in animal models. This thesis has therefore investigated the binding characteristics of the human GnRH receptor, in comparison to those of the rat receptor, as well as the activities of a number of GnRH analogues for stimulating luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from cultured human pituitary cells. The establishment of a human pituitary bioassay system has further made possible the investigation of the direct regulatory roles of GnRH and other neuropeptides in man. To date, such studies in man have been performed in vivo and are thus complicated by the simultaneous interactions of numerous modulators.

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14

Armstrong, Stephen Paul. "Pulsatile Gonadotrophin-releasing Hormone Receptor Signalling." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526055.

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15

Walker, Ewen. "Human chorionic gonadotrophin in early pregnancy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278888.

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As perinatal mortality has fallen in most countries, the problem of early pregnancy loss has attracted greater attention. The two particular problems relating to early pregnancy loss which have been examined in this thesis are the incidence of 'biochemical pregnancy' and the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. These problems were chosen because the new generation of pregnancy tests using sensitive assays for human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) carried the potential of giving new, and potentially valuable, clinical insights into these conditions. In the first study in this thesis, daily urinary measurements of luteinising hormone, oestrone glucuronide and pregnanediol glucuronide were used in a group of normally fertile women, to define ovulation and its precise timing in 25 conception and 50 non-conception ovulatory cycles. Daily analysis of urinary hCG, using two separate antisera, indicated that previous reports had substantially overestimated the incidence of 'biochemical pregnancy' occurring before next anticipated menstruation. Using similar methods, cycles from women wearing intra-uterine contraceptive devices and from women undergoing in vitro fertilisation also revealed low incidences of biochemical pregnancy in these clinical situations. In a comparison of conception and non-conception cycles, urinary endocrine assays showed no significant differences in the early luteal phases. The earliest quantitative differences between conception and non-conception cycles were detected in pregnanediol glucuronide on day 9 after the luteinising hormone (LH) surge, in oestrone glucuronide on day 11 and in hCG on day 13, failing to confirm earlier reports of quantitative endocrine differences between conception and non-conception cycles detectable early in the luteal phase. In an assessment of the value of a side room qualitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for hCG, it was found that pregnancy was reliably diagnosed by day 16 after the LH surge. The ELISA test was invariably positive in association with a clinically proven ectopic pregnancy and the introduction into clinical practice of this test significantly reduced the incidence of negative laparoscopies for abdominal pain. The work in this thesis failed to find confirmatory evidence to support the concept of biochemical pregnancy but suggests that the appropriate use of sensitive tests for hCG may have an important role in the clinical management of ectopic pregnancy.

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16

Galet, Colette. "Etude des déterminants structuraux de la sécrétion, de la bioactivité et de la spécificité de la gonadotropine équine, eLH/CG, dans le but de développer de nouvelles molécules à activité gonadotrope." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR4026.

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L'élaboration de nouvelles molécules à activité gonadotrope, utilisables en zootechnie, nécessite une étude détaillée des régions nécessaires à l'activité hormonale. Cela impose également le développement de systèmes de production permettant d'obtenir une hormone recombinante biologiquement active in vivo en quantité suffisante. Les gonadotropines sont constituées par l'association non-covalente de deux sous-unités distinctes : α et β La sous-unité β confère la spécificité hormonale de chaque dimère α / β. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous avons étudié le rôle de la région C-terminale (séquence β 90-149) de la sous-unité βeLH/CG supposée contenir les déterminants LH et FSH des gonadotropines. Les travaux effectués montrent que contrairement à l'hCG, le pont disulfure β26-110 n'est pas nécessaire au maintien du dimère de la eLH/CG et de la pLH, ni à l'expression de leurs activités biologiques. Par contre, l'absence de ce pont disulfure diminue de 30% la sécrétion de l'hormone par les cellules COS7. La mutation du pont disulfure β26-110 provoque une rétention intracellulaire de l'hormone. L'effet de la mutation du pont 26-110 sur la sécrétion de l'hormone est aboli lorsque les deux sous-unités sont liées en une seule chaîne (monocaténaire βαeLH/CG). Par des délétions progressives de la région C-terminale de la sous-unité , nous avons identifié deux régions impliquées dans la sécrétion de la eLH/CG : d'une part la région β132-149 et d'autre part la région β104-109. La délétion de la séquence β110-149 n'affecte pas les bio activités LH et FSH in vitro de la eLH/CG (dimérique et/ou monocaténaire). Par contre, la mutation de la région β104-109 en alanine induit une chute de 80% de l'activité FSH in vitro de l'hormone. Ces travaux montrent que la région C-terminale de la sous-unité joue un rôle dans les processus de maturation et de sécrétion de la eLH/CG et est impliquée dans le déterminisme de l'activité FSH. Dans le but de développer des systèmes de production appropriés à la synthèse d'hormone recombinante, nous avons tenté de produire une eLH/CG monocaténaire (βαeLH/CG) par transgénèse dans le lait de lapine. Cette hormone est produite a raison de 21 mg/l dans le lait et présente les mêmes activités LH et FSH in vitro que la eCG naturelle. Par contre, la βαeLH/CG ne présente pas d'activité biologique in vivo du fait de son élimination très rapide après injection.

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17

Bates, Ruth Louise. "Partial purification of gonadotrophin surge-attenuating factor (GnSAF) and its role in gonadotrophin releasing hormone self-priming." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322592.

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18

Honaramooz, Ali. "Neuroendocrinology of gonadotrophin secretion in prepubertal heifers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ37889.pdf.

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19

GILLIOT, CHARLES. "Induction de l'ovulation par h. M. G. -h. C. G. : etude retrospective a partir de 42 cas." Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE1006.

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20

Noulin, Jean-François. "Identification et étude de la régulation par l'AMPc et le gradient de pression osmotique de la conductance chlorure activée par hyperpolarisation d'une cellule sécrétant des stéroi͏̈des : la cellule de Leydig du testicule de rat." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2276.

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La technique du patch-clamp a ete appliquee a la cellule de leydig qui secrete la testosterone en reponse a une stimulation par les gonadotrophines, dont le principal second messager est l'ampc. En presence de solutions symetriques de chlorure de cesium et d'ampc intracellulaire, les depolarisations a partir du potentiel membranaire de repos (-40 mv) induisent des courants chlorures sortants caracterises par une activation instantanee, suivie, pour les potentiels superieurs a +60 mv, d'une inactivation en fonction du temps. Les courants instantanes presentent des proprietes de rectification sortante. Un deplacement du potentiel de reference a +60 mv et l'utilisation d'impulsions hyperpolarisantes de durees plus importantes ont permis de montrer que ces courants sortants correspondent a des courants de deactivation d'une conductance chlorure activee par les hyperpolarisations. La relation courant d'activation en fonction du potentiel presente alors des proprietes de rectification entrante. La conductance chlorure activee en hyperpolarisation est presente sur la cellule au repos et est modulee par l'ampc, probablement par l'intermediaire de la kinase a. Cette regulation se traduit par une acceleration des cinetiques d'activation et de deactivation, par un deplacement de la courbe d'activation vers les potentiels plus positifs, par une augmentation de l'amplitude des courants entrants entre -80 mv et 0 mv, et concourt a l'augmentation du flux transmembranaire des ions chlorures dans une gamme de potentiel physiologique. Les proprietes de rectification sortante des courants instantanes de deactivation, induites par l'ampc, ont ete etudiees au niveau elementaire en configuration membrane excisee. Elles sont liees a une augmentation, par l'ampc, de la conductance elementaire dans le sens sortant, du canal chlorure. La conductance chlorure est modulee par les variations du gradient de pression osmotique. En absence comme en presence d'ampc, l'amplitude des courants est augmente par un milieu extracellulaire hypotonique et diminuee par un milieu hypertonique. Ces variations d'amplitude s'accompagnent de modifications du volume cellulaire. En presence d'ampc, la reponse de la conductance au choc hypotonique est rapide et transitoire. Les effets de l'ampc sur la conductance chlorure sont inhibes par un milieu extracellulaire hypertonique. En conclusion, ces resultats suggerent que la conductance chlorure activee en hyperpolarisation intervient comme un mecanisme regulateur de l'augmentation du volume cellulaire, cette augmentation pouvant etre induite par la liberation, via l'ampc, d'un pool osmotiquement actif de testosterone

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21

DUBRULLE, CHRISTINE. "La fonction gonadotrope des hommes ages : etude de 39 patients hospitalises en geriatrie." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M086.

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22

Gombert, Robin. "Dosages par chimiluminescence : application à l'hormone gonadotrophine chorionique." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P119.

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23

Fray, Martin Dennerley. "Gonadotrophin release in post parturient cattle and sheep." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314751.

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24

Dunn, Ian Chisholm. "The molecular biology of chicken gonadotrophin releasing hormone." Thesis, Open University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358005.

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25

Smyth, Christopher David. "Paracrine mechanisms of gonadotrophin action on the ovary." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20805.

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This thesis describes a study of the role of local regulators in the modulation of gonadotrophin action. It was found that in vivo FSH stimulated granulosa cell proliferation and increased ovarian weight, but was incapable of stimulating granulosa cells to proliferate in vitro. This suggests that the action of FSH in vivo is mediated through another factor. However, in the presence of LH, FSH also stimulated the expression of differentiated functions (progesterone and oestradiol production) both in vivo and in vitro demonstrating a direct effect of FSH. In the absence of LH or aromatase substrate, FSH induced the potential for aromatisation but did not increase uterine weight, a marker of oestradiol production. Therefore it is concluded that FSH is the primary stimulus for follicular development but that LH is also required for co-ordinated follicular development. There is a growing body of indirect evidence to suggest that factors of FSH-stimulated granulosa cell origin may regulate adjacent thecal/interstitial cells. Cytochrome P45017α (17-hydroxylase/C_17-20 lyase) in thecal/interstitial cells is a LH-responsive steroidogenic enzyme vital for androgen production. To obtain direct evidence for FSH-stimulated paracrine signalling in the ovary a rat thecal/interstitial cell culture system was validated for the study of the control of androgen production. Using this system and Northern hybridisation the control of androgen production by gonadotrophins and granulosa cell derived factors was studied. The 2.0 kb P45017α mRNA signal in ovarian total RNA from intact animals was dose-dependently increased by treatment with recombinant human FSH (rh-FSH). Treatment of hypophysectomised animals with rh-FSH did not consistently alter ovarian P45017α mRNA levels, though in the presence of low levels of LH, FSH increased P45017α mRNA expression.

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26

Birnie, Linda M. "Gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist and bovine ovarian function." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU543402.

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Imprecise control of bovine oestrus and ovulation and the highly variable nature of the superovulatory response impedes use of reproductive technologies. The use of GnRH to control antral follicle development and, hence, the oestrous cycle was investigated using 40 maiden heifers. Two GnRH agonist sources (Fertagyl; Receptal) were tested at two frequencies (24; 48 hour) and luteinising hormone release profile; and pattern of antral follicle and luteal development were monitored. Post cessation of GnRH treatment gonadotrophin was given at either a fixed or variable time relative to oestrus and superovulatory response assessed. Basal LH values were unaffected by treatment. Treatment at 24, but not 48 hour intervals resulted in reduced LH response values. Fertagyl 24 hour treatment stimulated increased numbers of follicles to grow to 3-5 mm and 6-9 mm but inhibited growth to 10 mm, maturation and ovulation. Four waves of follicular development occurred in GnRH agonist, but not control, animals. Luteolysis and oestrus was delayed in a proportion of animals challenged with prostaglandin during GnRH agonist treatment. Exogenous gonadotrophin given at fixed time (day 10 1 where oestrus = day 0) post cessation of treatment, elicited a greater superovulatory response than when given at variable time. There was a positive relationship between number of ovulations and viable embryos; and a negative relationship between body weight and progesterone concentration and consequently superovulatory response. High superovulatory responses were observed when gonadotrophin treatment was initiated in the presence of an active corpus luteum and the absence of a dominant follicle. It was concluded that GnRH agonist given every 24 hours depleted LH reserves; allowed selection and dominance of antral follicles, but not maturation and ovulation; precluded prostaglandin induced luteolysis in some animals; and increased ovulations and embryos when gonadotrophin treatment was at a fixed time.

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27

Durnin, Anne Theresa. "Secretory heterogeneity among anterior pituitary gonadotrophs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358632.

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28

Charnaux, Nathalie. "Données nouvelles sur la localisation des récepteurs des gonadotrophines." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T030.

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Les gonadotrophines LH et FSH jouent un rôle essentiel dans la régulation de la fonction de reproduction tant chez le mâle que chez la femelle. Elles sont les intermédiaires essentiels entre le système nerveux central et les activités endocrines et amétogéniques des gonades, ovaires et testicules. Elles agissent via des récepteurs membranaires couplés à des protéines G. L'hCG se lie au même récepteur que la LH. L'action des gonadotrophines est régulée à la fois par la modulation des taux circulants de FSH et de LH d'une part, et d'autre part par l'expression des récepteurs dans les tissus cibles. La localisation des récepteurs de la LH/CG et de la FSH a été jusqu'à présent étudiée soit par des techniques d'autoradiographie avec de l'hormone marquée ou par l'hybridation in situ. Le clonage des ADNe des récepteurs humains de la LH/CG et de la FSH réalisé dans le laboratoire a permis l'obtention d'anticorps monoclonaux spécifiques dirigés contre les domaines extracellulaires de ces récepteurs. Ces outils hautement spécifiques nous ont permis d'étudier la localisation des récepteurs dans les organes gonadiques et extragonadiques. Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence par immunocytochimie la présence du récepteur de la FSH dès le stade de follicule primaire d'ovaires de truie et d'ovaires humains dans les cellules de granulosa mais aussi dans l' ovocyte. Cette nouvelle localisation ovocytaire du récepteur a été confirmée par RTPCR sur des ovocytes porcins et humains. Une technique d'autoradiographie sur des ovocytes humains en suspension a mis en évidence une liaison de la FSH marquée à l'iode 125, déplacée par un excès de FSH froide. Enfin, la fonctionalité du récepteur a été étudiée par la mobilisation de calcium intracellulaire mesurée par une technique microfluorométrique, induite par l'adjonction de FSH au milieu. La mise en évidence du récepteur de la FSH au niveau de l'ovocyte ouvre des perspectives importantes sur le rôle de cette hormone dans le développement et la maturation ovocytaires. L'utilisation des anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre le récepteur de la LH/CG a permis sa mise en évidence au niveau du sein normal et cancéreux. Les données immunocytochimiques ont été confirmées par RTPCR. Ces résultats sont importants au vue du caractère protecteur de l'hCG sur la survenue d'un carcinome mammaire.

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29

Barlier, Anne. "Interet du rapport molaire des gonadotrophines (alpha, fsh, lh) au diagnostic des adenomes gonadotropes." Angers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ANGE1003.

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30

Legardinier, Sébastien. "Stratégies de production en cellules d'insecte d'une glycoprotéine recombinante équine (gonadotropine eLH/CG) et de ses sous unités portant des chaîne oligosaccharidiques mammaliennes de type complexe." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4056.

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L'homologue recombinant de la gonadotropine chorionique équine eCG (eLH/CG) a été produite par co-infection des cellules Sf9 avec des baculovirus simple recombinants. La eLH/CG a été co-exprimée avec les glycosyltransférases de mammifères nécessaires à l'élaboration de N-glycannes de type complexe, soit en co-infectant les cellules Sf9 avec un baculovirus génétiquement modifié (virus Glyco) soit en infectant des lignée Sf9 transgéniques (cellules MimicTM). Les eLH/CG recombinantes (Sf9, Glyco, Mimic) sont biologiquement active in vitro mais pas in vivo. En utilisant des lectines spécifiques, nous avons montré que la eLH/CG "Sf9" possède des N-glycannes terminés par des mannoses et des O-glycannes sont terminés par des galactose. L'absence des acides sialiques expliquent que ces hormones recombinantes ne soient pas actives in vivo. Ces hormones sont de bons substrats pour une sialylation in vitro
Recombinant counterpart of equine chorionic gonadotropin eCG (eLH/CG) was produced by co-infection of Sf9 insect cells with single recombinant baculoviruses. Equine LH/CG and mammalian glycosyltransferases producing complex-type N-glycans were co-expressed, either co-infecting Sf9 cells with a genetically modified baculovirus (Glyco virus) or infecting transgenic Sf9 cells (MimicTM cells). Recombinant eLH/CG (Sf9, Glyco, Mimic) were bioactive in vitro but not in vivo. Using specific lectins, we showed that Sf9 eLH/CG possessed N-glycans terminating with mannose residues ans GalNac-Gal O-glycans whereas in the presence of glyco virus or in MimicTM cells, N-glycans were terminated with galactoses. Recombinant hormones are inactive in vivo because of the absence of sialic acids. These hormones are good substrates for an in vitro sialylation

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31

Wolf, Jean-Philippe. "Effets du RU 486 sur la sécrétion des gonadotrophines et la physiologie utérine chez le primate : actions agonistes et antagonistes de la progestérone." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112258.

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The non-competitive anti-estrogenic effects of RU 486 were examined using estradiol (E2)-treated ovariectomized monkeys given RU 486, progesterone (P4), or both. The E2 -induced LH surge of control animals was abrogated by P4 and/or RU 486. Secretory transformation by P4 was inhibited by RU 486 co-administration. RU 486 alone (1 mg/kg) induced endometrial secretory transformation, but higher doses (5 mg/kg) inhibited proliferation and secretory activity. Thus, in the presence of P4, RU 486 is antagonistic but, in absence of P4, exhibits endometrial progestational effects at low doses and an antiproliferative (anti-estrogenic) effect at higher doses. These data encourage continued evaluation of RU 486 as a potential contraceptive agent acting at the pituitary and/or endometrial level

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32

Boute, Dominique. "Les adenomes gonadotropes : a propos de 30 observations lilloises." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M257.

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33

KUNTZ, ADRIEN. "L'adenome hypophysaire gonadotrope." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M144.

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34

Dorling, A. A. V. "Sex steroid regulation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598603.

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Prior studies in the laboratory using quantitative in situ hybridisation and transgenic methodologies have shown that estrogen suppresses GnRH gene transcription and GnRH mRNA expression at times of negative feedback. Using the same approaches, I demonstrated that the positive feedback actions of estrogen were not coupled to alterations of GnRH gene expression. Recent RT-PCR studies identified estrogen receptor (ER)b transcripts in subpopulations of GnRH neurons in the mouse. To assess the presence of functional ERs in GnRH neurons, I undertook various gonadectomy-steroid replacement paradigms in several new transgenic reporter mouse line in which multiple estrogen response elements (EREs) drive the expression of LacZ (EREZ mice). Others have shown that this construct provides a functional reporter of ER-regulated gene transcription in vitro and I demonstrated its functionality in the uterus of EREZ mice. However, LacZ expression in the brain did not change in response to estrogen treatment and did not, therefore, enable us to evaluate the GnRH neurons. One possible reason for this failure is the recent discovery that the orphan nuclear receptors, termed estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs), constitutively transactivate EREs. To evaluate this further, I used in situ hybridisation to examine the topography of ERRa and ERRg expression in the mouse brain. I further demonstrated an estradiol-dependent decrease in ERRg expression in specific brain regions, suggesting a novel mechanism through which estradiol may regulate gene expression in the brain. Finally, I examined the negative feedback actions of estrogen upon GnRH neurons by evaluating LH levels and GnRH mRNA expression in knockout mice lacking either ERa or ERb.

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35

Jagger, J. P. "Endocrine responses to gonadotrophin releasing hormone therapy in cattle." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376393.

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36

Wood, Sara C. "Ovarian regulation of pituitary gonadotrophin secretion in domestic ruminants." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333527.

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37

Charrel-Dennis, Marie Catherine Francoise. "Characterisation of B-cell ipitopes on human chorionic gonadotrophin." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269762.

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38

Joyce, Ieuan Michael. "Ovarian responses of ewes to growth hormone and gonadotrophin treatment." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243681.

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39

Buckler, Helen Margaret. "Gonadotrophin, inhibin and sex steroid secretion in disorders of ovulation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305188.

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40

Coetsee, Marla Catherine. "Ligand-induced selective signalling at the gonadotrophin releasing hormone receptor." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3123.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-202).
The pituitary gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor regulates reproduction by activation of Gq/11 proteins. In contrast, GnRH receptors at extrapituitary sites induce anti-proliferative effects that do not correlate with Gq/11 activation. We propose that the two endogenous ligands, GnRH I and GnRH II, and certain antagonists selectively activate distinct signalling pathways by stabilisation of distinct active conformations of the GnRH receptor, a concept termed ligand-induced selective signalling (LiSS). This dissertation has investigated LiSS at the GnRH receptor using several approaches. The sequences of GnRH I and II differ in positions 5, 7 and 8. I investigated the interaction of position 5 of GnRH I and GnRH II with Tyr6.58 of the receptor. Compared with the Leu and Ala mutants, the Tyr6.58Phe mutant had higher affinity for native GnRHs, but not Ala5-substituted GnRHs, suggesting that Tyr5 of GnRH I and His5 of GnRH II interact with Tyr6.58 by aromatic interactions. Our molecular models show that GnRHs interact with distinct rotamer conformations of Tyr6.58. This is supported by the Tyr6.58Leu receptor, which makes compensatory interactions that improve binding affinity and receptor activation for GnRH II, but not GnRH I, compared with the Tyr6.58Ala receptor. Together these results suggest that GnRHs stabilise distinct receptor active conformations. To identify the most proximal signalling proteins that mediate GnRH receptordependent anti-proliferative effects, I established a range of [35S]GTPS binding assays. I confirmed that the GnRH receptor activates Gq/11, but in contrast to previous proposals, my results show that the GnRH receptor cannot directly activate Gi. I subsequently identified a novel GnRH receptor signalling partner, the SH2 domaincontaining phosphatase 2 (SHP-2). I propose that SHP-2 mediates the antiproliferative effects of the receptor. I show that the SHP-2 pathway is activated independently of Gq/11 and suggest that signalling occurs by a direct interaction of SHP-2 and src with the GnRH receptor. Furthermore, this pathway is activated by a classical Gq/11 antagonist or by Gq/11-uncoupled GnRH receptor mutants. My results provide convincing evidence supporting LiSS at the GnRH receptor and may facilitate development of therapeutics with increased signalling specificity at this receptor.

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41

Ziyazetdinova, Guzel. "Les Systèmes catécholaminergiques centraux impliqués dans la régulation de la reproduction chez le rat et le mouton." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4019.

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Les neurones dopaminergiques de l'hypothalamus médiobasal sont impliqués dans la régulation des hormones qui controlent la reproduction dans differentes espèces. Nous avons étudié le rôle de ces hormones, l'oestradiol chez la brebis et la prolactine chez le rat, dans le contrôle de l'activité de ces neurones. La décroissance de l'hyperprolactinémie induite par la dégénérescence des neurones dopaminergique du noyau arqué, observée au bout de quelques semaines, indique que la prolactine pourrait agir au niveau hypothalamique pour induire une néosynthèse de dopamine par les neurones monoenzymatiques. Chez la brebis, une injection intramusculaire d'oestradiol susceptible d'induire un pic préovulatoire de GnRH, est capable d'activer une sous population de neurones à tyrosine hydroxylase du noyau arqué. Ces résultats indiquent que les hormones périphériques sont capables, en rétroaction, de moduler l'activité des neurones dopaminergiques ou monoenzymatiques du noyau arqué chez différents modèles animaux
The hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons of the mediobasal hypothalamus contribute to the regulation of pituitary hormones involved in the control of reproduction in differences species. We studied the role of these hormones, estradiol in the ewe and prolactin in the rat, in the control of the activity of these neurons. We are observed that the decrease after a few weeks, of the hyperprolactinemia induced by the degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of the arcuate nucleus indicate that prolactin could act at the hypothalamic level to induce a neosynthesis of dopamine by monoenzymatic neurons. In the ewe, an intra-muscular injection of estradiol suitable to induce the preovulatory surge of GnRH, is able to activate a sub-population of tyrosine hydroxylase containing neurons in the arcuate nucleus. These results indicate that peripheral hormones are able to modulate the activity of the dopaminergic or monoenzymatic neurons in the arcuate nucleus, through a feedback effects in different animal models

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42

Benkirane, Moufid. "Anticorps monoclonaux et hormones glycoprotéiques ante-hypophysiares : propriétés immunochimiques et biologiques, applications aux immunodosages." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX12071.

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Production et caracterisation d'anticorps monoclonaux (rat) diriges contre la thyrotropine (tsh) et les gonadotropines hypophysaires; cartographies epitopique de la tsh et de ses sous-unites; caracterisation d'anticorps resultant d'une immunisation par un immuncomplexe; comparaison de la tsh pituitaire et de celle secretee par un adenome en culture; effet de fla deglycosylation sur l'activite de la tsh au moyen de rat; mise au point de dosage de type "sandwich" de la tsh et des gonadotropines hypophysaires

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43

El-Amraoui, Aziz. "La fonction gonadotrope hypothalamo-hypophysaire (neurones à gonadolibérine, cellules gonadotropes) : détermination, origine et interactions." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T022.

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44

Delpech, Sophie Barrière Paul. "Perceptions et attentes à propos de l'utilisation des gonadotrophines injectables chez les femmes prises en charge pour infertilité enquête réalisé au CHU de Nantes /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=37461.

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45

Dodson, S. E. "Reproductive endocrinology of the heifer from birth to the peripubertal period." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376401.

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46

Urwin, V. E. "Gonadotrophic control of ovarian function in pregnant equids." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355060.

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47

Meduri, Geri. "Les recepteurs des gonadotrophines dans les tissus gonadiques et extra-gonadiques." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA11T050.

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48

Wood, Carla M. "A search for chorionic gonadotrophin-like gene expression in bovine conceptuses." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24518.pdf.

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49

Beard, Andrew J. "Regulation of pituitary gonadotrophin production by inhibin in cattle and sheep." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277110.

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50

Yarram, Sarah J. "The role of luteinising hormone and chorionic gonadotrophin on bone metabolism." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400415.

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