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Journal articles on the topic 'Gomoku'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Yan, Peizhi, and Yi Feng. "Using Convolution and Deep Learning in Gomoku Game Artificial Intelligence." Parallel Processing Letters 28, no. 03 (September 2018): 1850011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626418500111.

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Gomoku is an ancient board game. The traditional approach to solving the Gomoku game is to apply tree search on a Gomoku game tree. Although the rules of Gomoku are straightforward, the game tree complexity is enormous. Unlike many other board games such as chess and Shogun, the Gomoku board state is more intuitive. That is to say, analyzing the visual patterns on a Gomoku game board is fundamental to play this game. In this paper, we designed a deep convolutional neural network model to help the machine learn from the training data (collected from human players). Based on this original neural network model, we made some changes and get two variant neural networks. We compared the performance of the original neural network with its variants in our experiments. Our original neural network model got 69% accuracy on the training data and 38% accuracy on the testing data. Because the decision made by the neural network is intuitive, we also designed a hard-coded convolution-based Gomoku evaluation function to assist the neural network in making decisions. This hybrid Gomoku artificial intelligence (AI) further improved the performance of a pure neural network-based Gomoku AI.

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2

Gu, Bonwoo, and Yunsick Sung. "Enhanced Reinforcement Learning Method Combining One-Hot Encoding-Based Vectors for CNN-Based Alternative High-Level Decisions." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031291.

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Gomoku is a two-player board game that originated in ancient China. There are various cases of developing Gomoku using artificial intelligence, such as a genetic algorithm and a tree search algorithm. Alpha-Gomoku, Gomoku AI built with Alpha-Go’s algorithm, defines all possible situations in the Gomoku board using Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS), and minimizes the probability of learning other correct answers in the duplicated Gomoku board situation. However, in the tree search algorithm, the accuracy drops, because the classification criteria are manually set. In this paper, we propose an improved reinforcement learning-based high-level decision approach using convolutional neural networks (CNN). The proposed algorithm expresses each state as One-Hot Encoding based vectors and determines the state of the Gomoku board by combining the similar state of One-Hot Encoding based vectors. Thus, in a case where a stone that is determined by CNN has already been placed or cannot be placed, we suggest a method for selecting an alternative. We verify the proposed method of Gomoku AI in GuPyEngine, a Python-based 3D simulation platform.

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3

Sakagami, Masao. "On gomoku-nenbutsu." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 35, no. 2 (1987): 732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.35.732.

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4

Zhao, Dongbin, Zhen Zhang, and Yujie Dai. "Self-teaching adaptive dynamic programming for Gomoku." Neurocomputing 78, no. 1 (February 2012): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2011.05.032.

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5

Szőts, János, and István Harmati. "Development of an Incremental Pattern Extraction Based Gomoku Agent." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 62, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.11952.

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The subject of this paper is an unusual approach to artificial game playing. Our main goal is to replace exhaustive game tree search with incremental pattern extraction and recognition, thus greatly reducing computation time. This is achieved using search with a depth of 3, together with pattern matching and pattern-based heuristic functions, where patterns are learned through play. We examine the efficiency and efficacy of this method regarding the game Gomoku, also known as Five-in-a-row. To evaluate our agent, we implement two basic reference agents and also incorporate a strong open-source AI called "Carbon" into our environment.

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6

Kurniawan, Harris. "Aplikasi Permainan Gomoku dengan Algoritma Negamax dan Alpha-Beta Search." Creative Information Technology Journal 1, no. 3 (April 2, 2015): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.24076/citec.2014v1i3.24.

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Permainan Gomoku adalah permainan dari jepang oleh dua orang yang dimainkan di atas papan Go. Go berarti lima, dan Moku adalah kata untuk batu yang berada di atas papan go dan narabe berarti berturut-turut. Pemain membuat aturan Renju agar permainan menjadi lebih variasi. Setiap pemain dapat mengetahui persis bagaimana posisi lawan dan pilihan langkah yang tersedia, berbeda halnya dengan permainan kartu, yang hanya dapat mengetahui kartu yang ada di tangan saja. Pemenangnya adalah pemain pertama yang mendapatkan 5 baris batu yang tidak terputus secara horizontal, vertikal, atau diagonal. Mencari pohon Negamax mengimplementasikan gagasan bahwa lebih buruk balasan lawan terbaik adalah, semakin baik Anda bergerak dan Alpa-Beta Search akan menganggap bahwa lawan adalah rasional ; yaitu , lawan bisa menghitung bergerak sebaik yang kita bisa, dan lawan akan selalu memilih langkah optimal dengan asumsi bahwa kita juga akan bermain dengan sempurna. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah aplikasi permainan Gomoku yang dapat dimainkan pemain melawan komputer, juga komputer melawan komputer. Di mana daerah paling sudut di papan catur adalah daerah yang paling menguntungkan untuk setiap pemain. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, didapatkan bahwa penggunaan metode Negamax dan dapat memberikan solusi pencarian langkah terbaik. Untuk mengetahui pemenang pada setiap permainan adalah dengan dengan jumlah biji hitam, maka pemenangnya adalah pemain dengan biji putih.Gomoku game is a game from Japan which is played by two men on the Go board. Go means five, and Moku is the word for a stone that is placed on the board and go narabe mean respectively. Renju players make the rules so that the game becomes more varied. Each player can know exactly the opponent position and move options available, unlike the card game, which can only know that the card is in the hand alone. The winner is the first player to get 5 stones unbroken line horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. The Negamax tree implements the idea that poorer opponent is, the better you move and Alpa - Beta Search will assume that the opponent is rational; ie, the opponent can calculate the best move we could, and the opponent will always choose the optimal step with the assumption that we will play perfectly. The results of this research is the application of Gomoku game that can be played against the computer players, also the computer against the computer. Where the area in the corner of the chess board is the most profitable areas for each player. Based on the test results, it was found that the use of the method and can provide solutions Negamax search the best move. To determine the winner in each game is with the number of black seeds, then the winner is the player with the white beans.

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7

Roza, Zholdosheva. "THE SPECIFIC ROLE OF TEACHING THE POEM JOLON MAMYTOV "БУРУЛ ТАН ЖОМОГУ” IN FORMATION OF SOCIAL-CULTURAL COMPETENCES OF STUDENTS." Alatoo Academic Studies 19, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2019.193.07.

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The article describes the great importance of the analysis of a work of art in the formation of socio-cultural competencies of students in accordance with the requirements of modern education. A curriculum is proposed for a specific solution to the problem. Methodological tool when learning the poem Mamytova “Burul tan will Gomoku” are the methods of self-building roles in the work to ensure active participation of each student. The teacher, who accepts the question from each student, through his individual ideas wants to explain to the aesthetic value, distributes the roles of the characters among the students, on the basis of which the student, depending on his role, participates in the disclosure of the ideological content of the poem. The lesson of such role-based learning also involves a proper understanding of the idea of the artwork, as well as bringing personal emotions and revealing his role belonging to him .If the student learns the established competencies and the ability to use them, the article conducts a scientific and theoretical analysis of the subject for its use in the pedagogical process.

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8

de Voogt, Alexander J. "Reproducing board game positions: Western Chess and African Bao." Swiss Journal of Psychology 61, no. 4 (December 2002): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.61.4.221.

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Cognitive experimental research on experts has been dominated by research on Chess masters. De Groot’s work on Chess masters ( de Groot 1946/1965 ) started a tradition of Chess research concentrating on perception, memory and problem-solving expertise (e.g. Chase & Simon, 1973 ; de Groot & Gobet, 1996 ; Newell & Simon, 1972 ). In later years, this research was replicated by research on board games other than Chess. Experiments on players of Gomoku, Go ( Eisenstadt & Kareev, 1977 ; Reitman, 1976 ) and Othello ( Billman & Shaman, 1990 ; Wolff, Mitchell, & Frey, 1984 ) largely confirmed the findings on Chess masters. In board games research the effect of “cultural” variables has not been studied or even considered. Despite the presence of Japanese, Russian, Dutch and recently African players or games, the results of the experiments have been compared as if there is one “board game culture”. As long as the results of the experiments do not upset the results of Chess research, one could claim that this cultural background is irrelevant and that cognitive experiments on experts concern a level of thinking which is universal in humans. However, recent research on Bao experts - a board game played in East Africa - contradicted some of the results in Chess ( de Voogt, 1995 ). In this instance, the role of “culture” became an issue in two ways. Is the difference between Bao and Chess players related to the differences in playing context or are the experiments designed for Chess not comparable or not applicable to Bao?

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9

Letchford, Adam N., and Andrea Lodi. "Strengthening Chvátal–Gomory cuts and Gomory fractional cuts." Operations Research Letters 30, no. 2 (April 2002): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6377(02)00112-8.

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10

Gupta, Pratibha. "Genus Oscillatoria Vaucher (Cyanoprokaryota) in Maldah District, West Bengal, India." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 3, no. 01 (January 31, 2017): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v3i.8447.

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Genus Oscillatoria Vaucher is the ubiquitous Cyanoprokaryote, growing in almost all habitats in fresh-water ecosystem like bils, dighis, lakes, ponds, wetlands, and marine water system like - salt marshes and pans, estuaries, brackish waters and ocean. It also occurs on inter-tidal rocks, snow and even in cold lakes underneath 5 m of ice pack as well as in thermal springs. During systematic investigations recorded altogether 25 species, 4 variety and 2 forms from Maldah District viz. Oscillatoria acuta Bürhl and Biswas, Oscillatoria agardhii Gomont, Oscillatoria amoena (Kütz.) Gomont, Oscillatoria amphibia C.Agardh ex Gomont, Oscillatoria amphigranulata Goor, Oscillatoria angusta Koppe, Oscillatoria chalybea G.Mertens ex Gomont, Oscillatoria formosa Bory ex Gomont, Oscillatoria formosa f. loktakensis Brühl and Biswas, Oscillatoria geitleriana Elenkin, Oscillatoria geminata Menegh. ex. Gomont, Oscillatoria limnetica Lemmerm., Oscillatoria limosa C.Agardh ex Gomont, Oscillatoria minnesotensis Tilden, Oscillatoria okenii C.Agardh ex Gomont, Oscillatoria ornata var. crassa C.B.Rao, Oscillatoria perornata f. attenuata Skuja, Oscillatoria princeps Vaucher ex Gomont, Oscillatoria prolifica Gomont, Oscillatoria proteus Skuja, Oscillatoria pseudogeminata var. unigranulata Biswas, Oscillatoria quadripunctulata Brühl and Biswas, Oscillatoria raoi DeToni, Oscillatoria redekei Goor, Oscillatoria rubescens DC. ex Gomont, Oscillatoria splendida Grev. ex Gomont, Oscillatoria subbrevis Schmidle, Oscillatoria tenuis C.Agardh ex Gomont, Oscillatoria tenuis var. natans Gomont, Oscillatoria tenuis var. tergestina Rabenh. ex Gomont and Oscillatoria willei N.L.Gardner. However, Oscillatoria subbrevis Schmidle, Oscillatoria tenuis C.Agardh ex Gomont are the most common species followed by Oscillatoria amphigranulata Goor, Oscillatoria acuta Bürhl and Biswas, Oscillatoria amphibia C.Agardh ex Gomont, Oscillatoria amphigranulata Goor in water bodies of Malda District. Oscillatoria redekei Goor is reported new from India.

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11

Ho?ten, Serkan, and Rekha R. Thomas. "Gomory integer programs." Mathematical Programming 96, no. 2 (May 1, 2003): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10107-003-0386-6.

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12

Balas, E., S. Ceria, G. Cornuéjols, and N. Natraj. "Gomory cuts revisited." Operations Research Letters 19, no. 1 (July 1996): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6377(96)00007-7.

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13

Conforti, Michele, Alberto Del Pia, Marco Di Summa, Yuri Faenza, and Roland Grappe. "Reverse Chvátal--Gomory Rank." SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 29, no. 1 (January 2015): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/140959882.

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14

TODA, Shizuo, and Yoshiro YASE. "Inhibitory Effect of Ougi-keisi-gomotu-to on oxidative stress." Kampo Medicine 48, no. 2 (1997): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3937/kampomed.48.177.

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15

Santos, Álvaro Figueredo dos, and Edna Dora Martins Newman Luz. "A gomose da acácia-negra no Brasil: a review." Summa Phytopathologica 33, no. 2 (June 2007): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052007000200002.

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A acácia-negra (Acacia mearnsii) é cultivada no Brasil, especialmente no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, visando tanto à produção de tanino, a partir da casca, quanto o uso da madeira para papel, celulose, carvão, lenha e chapas de aglomerados. A gomose causada por Phytophthora nicotianae e P. boehmeriae, é o seu principal problema fitossanitário. Discute-se nesta revisão a existência de dois padrões distintos de sintomatologia da gomose de Phytophthora que têm sido observados nas plantações brasileiras: gomose basal, associada a P. nicotianae, e gomose generalizada, mais associada a P. boehmeriae. São discutidos aspectos relacionados à etiologia, à epidemiologia e às estratégias de controle.

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16

Nur, Wahyudin, and Nurul Mukhlisah Abdal. "Penggunaan Metode Branch and Bound dan Gomory Cut dalam Menentukan Solusi Integer Linear Programming." SAINTIFIK 2, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31605/saintifik.v2i1.91.

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Integer Linear Programming adalah sebuah model matematis yang memungkinkan hasil penyelesaian kasus pada Pemrograman Linier berupa bilangan bulat. . Masalah integer linear programming termasuk salah satu bagian riset operasi yang sangat penting karena dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, ada banyak permasalah pemrograman linear yang mengharuskan solusinya integer. Ada beberapa metode untuk menyelesaikan persoalan Integer Programming, tapi yang akan dibahas pada penelitian ini adalah Metode Branch and Bound dan Metode Gomory Cut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan solusi masalah Integer Linear Programming dan membandingkan hasil yang diperoleh dari Metode Branch and Bound dengan Metode Gomory Cut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan yang menggunakan berbagai literatur-literatur yang berkaitan dengan topik yang akan diteliti. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan solusi yang diperoleh dari metode Branch and Bound samadengan metode Gomory Cut. Dalam pemecahannya metode Branch and Bound memerlukan banyak iterasi simpleks dibanding metode Gomory Cut.Kata kunci: Integer Linear Programming, Metode Branch Bound, Metode Gomory Cut

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17

Letchford, Adam N. "Totally tight Chvátal–Gomory cuts." Operations Research Letters 30, no. 2 (April 2002): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6377(02)00111-6.

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18

Gomori, John M., and Robert I. Grossman. "Drs. Gomori and Grossman respond." Radiology 161, no. 1 (October 1986): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.161.1.278-c.

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19

Xue, Huijie, Lei Shi, Stephen Cousins, and Neal R. Pettigrew. "The GoMOOS nowcast/forecast system." Continental Shelf Research 25, no. 17 (November 2005): 2122–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2005.04.014.

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20

Petrov, Evgenii A., and Aleksei A. Dovgoshey. "On the Gomory–Hu Inequality." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 198, no. 4 (April 2014): 392–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10958-014-1798-y.

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21

Nayuf, Henderikus. "Politisasi Doa: Menalar Pilihan Politik Abraham Terhadap Sodom." KENOSIS: Jurnal Kajian Teologi 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 112–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37196/kenosis.v5i2.79.

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Doa sering dijadikan sebagai sarana untuk memohon sesuatu kepada Tuhan. Dalam doa, sang pendoa menyampaikan berbagai hal terkait dengan niat, motivasi dan tujuannya berdoa. Dalam meresponi setiap doa, Tuhan memiliki otoritas untuk menjawab atau tidak menjawab doa-doa itu. Ia memiliki kewenangan mutlak yang tidak dapat diintervensi oleh siapa pun. Abraham menyadari bahwa Sodom dan Gomora berada dalam ambang penghancuran dari Tuhan. Karena itu, tidak ada pilihan lain kecuali memohon kepada Tuhan dalam doa. Pada akhirnya, permohonan Abraham tidak merubah rencana Tuhan menghukum Sodom dan Gomora. Walau demikian, itu tidak menjadi alasan agar Abraham tidak berdoa. Abraham berdoa agar, jika berkenan, Tuhan membatalkan rencana penghancuran Sodom dan Gomora. Dua catatan kritis mewarnai doa Abraham: Abraham berdoa dengan motivasi yang tulus atau sebuah ekpresi politis sebagai wujud keberpihakan kepada Sodom dan Gomora?

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22

KABADI, SANTOSH N. "GENERALISATIONS OF THE GILMORE-GOMORY TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM AND THE GILMORE-GOMORY SCHEME: A SURVEY." International Game Theory Review 03, no. 02n03 (June 2001): 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198901000415.

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One of the first and perhaps the most well-known polynomially solvable special case of the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is the Gilmore-Gomory case (G-G TSP). Gilmore and Gomory presented an interesting patching algorithm for this case with a fairly non-trivial proof of its validity. Their work has motivated a great deal of research in the area leading to various generalisations of their results and thereby identification of fairly large polynomially solvable subclasses of the TSP. These results form a major portion of the literature on solvable cases of the TSP. In this paper, we survey the main results on solvable cases of the TSP which are direct generalisations of the G-G TSP and/or the Gilmore-Gomory patching scheme.

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23

Dietrich, B. L., and L. F. Escudero. "Obtaining clique, cover and coefficient reduction inequalities as Chvatal-Gomory inequalities and Gomory fractional cuts." European Journal of Operational Research 73, no. 3 (March 1994): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(94)90250-x.

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24

Octarina, Sisca, Devi Gusmalia Juita, Ning Eliyati, and Putra Bahtera Jaya Bangun. "Set Covering Model in Solving Multiple Cutting Stock Problem." Science and Technology Indonesia 5, no. 4 (October 9, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2020.5.4.121-130.

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Cutting Stock Problem (CSP) is the determination of how to cut stocks into items with certain cutting rules. A diverse set of stocks is called multiple stock CSP. This study used Pattern Generation (PG) algorithm to determine cutting pattern, then formulated it into a Gilmore and Gomory model and solved by using Column Generation Technique (CGT). Set Covering model was generated from Gilmore and Gomory model. Based on the results, selected cutting patterns in the first stage can be used in the second stage. The combination of patterns generated from Gilmore and Gomory model showed that the use of stocks was more effective than Set Covering model.

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25

Rhodes, Frank, and H. Paul Williams. "Discrete subadditive functions as Gomory functions." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 117, no. 3 (May 1995): 559–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004100073370.

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Our aim, in this paper, is to study a class of functions which occurs in pure integer programming, and to investigate conditions under which discrete subadditive functions belong to that class. The inspiration for the paper was the problem of classifying discrete metrics used in pattern recognition, while the methods of proof of the main theorem are those of pure integer programming.

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26

Zambelli, Giacomo. "On degenerate multi-row Gomory cuts." Operations Research Letters 37, no. 1 (January 2009): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orl.2008.09.005.

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27

Espinoza, Daniel G. "Computing with multi-row Gomory cuts." Operations Research Letters 38, no. 2 (March 2010): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orl.2009.10.016.

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28

Kabadi, S. N., and Md Fazle Baki. "Gilmore–Gomory type traveling salesman problems." Computers & Operations Research 26, no. 4 (April 1999): 329–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0548(98)00066-5.

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29

Cook, William, Sanjeeb Dash, Ricardo Fukasawa, and Marcos Goycoolea. "Numerically Safe Gomory Mixed-Integer Cuts." INFORMS Journal on Computing 21, no. 4 (November 2009): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.1090.0324.

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30

Cornuéjols, Gérard, Tamás Kis, and Marco Molinaro. "Lifting Gomory cuts with bounded variables." Operations Research Letters 41, no. 2 (March 2013): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orl.2012.12.002.

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31

Richmond, Robert S. "Gomori Trichrome Stains for Skeletal Muscle." Journal of Histotechnology 17, no. 3 (September 1994): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/his.1994.17.3.288.

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32

He, Qi, and Jon Lee. "Another pedagogy for pure-integer Gomory." RAIRO - Operations Research 51, no. 1 (January 2017): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2016013.

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Köppe, Matthias, Quentin Louveaux, Robert Weismantel, and Laurence A. Wolsey. "Extended formulations for Gomory Corner polyhedra." Discrete Optimization 1, no. 2 (November 2004): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disopt.2004.06.001.

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34

Lee, Jon, and Angelika Wiegele. "Another pedagogy for mixed-integer Gomory." EURO Journal on Computational Optimization 5, no. 4 (April 5, 2017): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13675-017-0085-3.

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35

Caprara, Alberto, and Matteo Fischetti. "{0, 1/2}-Chvátal-Gomory cuts." Mathematical Programming 74, no. 3 (September 1996): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02592196.

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36

Kyrölä, Erkki, Monika E. Andersson, Pekka T. Verronen, Marko Laine, Simo Tukiainen, and Daniel R. Marsh. "Middle atmospheric ozone, nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen trioxide in 2002–2011: SD-WACCM simulations compared to GOMOS observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 7 (April 12, 2018): 5001–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5001-2018.

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Abstract. Most of our understanding of the atmosphere is based on observations and their comparison with model simulations. In middle atmosphere studies it is common practice to use an approach, where the model dynamics are at least partly based on temperature and wind fields from an external meteorological model. In this work we test how closely satellite measurements of a few central trace gases agree with this kind of model simulation. We use collocated vertical profiles where each satellite measurement is compared to the closest model data. We compare profiles and distributions of O3, NO2 and NO3 from the Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars instrument (GOMOS) on the Envisat satellite with simulations by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). GOMOS measurements are from nighttime. Our comparisons show that in the stratosphere outside the polar regions differences in ozone between WACCM and GOMOS are small, between 0 and 6%. The correlation of 5-day time series show a very high 0.9–0.95. In the tropical region 10° S–10° N below 10 hPa WACCM values are up to 20 % larger than GOMOS. In the Arctic below 6 hPa WACCM ozone values are up to 20 % larger than GOMOS. In the mesosphere between 0.04 and 1 hPa the WACCM is at most 20 % smaller than GOMOS. Above the ozone minimum at 0.01 hPa (or 80 km) large differences are found between WACCM and GOMOS. The correlation can still be high, but at the second ozone peak the correlation falls strongly and the ozone abundance from WACCM is about 60 % smaller than that from GOMOS. The total ozone columns (above 50 hPa) of GOMOS and WACCM agree within ±2 % except in the Arctic where WACCM is 10 % larger than GOMOS. Outside the polar areas and in the validity region of GOMOS NO2 measurements (0.3–37 hPa) WACCM and GOMOS NO2 agree within −5 to +25 % and the correlation is high (0.7–0.95) except in the upper stratosphere at the southern latitudes. In the polar areas, where solar particle precipitation and downward transport from the thermosphere enhance NO2 abundance, large differences up to −90 % are found between WACCM and GOMOS NO2 and the correlation varies between 0.3 and 0.9. For NO3, we find that the WACCM and GOMOS difference is between −20 and 5 % with a very high correlation of 0.7–0.95. We show that NO3 values strongly depend on temperature and the dependency can be fitted by the exponential function of temperature. The ratio of NO3 to O3 from WACCM and GOMOS closely follow the prediction from the equilibrium chemical theory. Abrupt temperature increases from sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are reflected as sudden enhancements of WACCM and GOMOS NO3 values.

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Kibria, Amena, K. S. Hossain, N. Akhtar, M. A. A. Jahan, Md A. M. Sarker, and Mst N. Begum. "New records of seven fungal species for Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 23, no. 1 (June 23, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v23i1.28332.

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From three farming stages of Arthrospira platensis (Nordstedt) Gomont [Spirulina platensis (Gomont) Geitler], seven fungal species, namely, Cladosporium varians Braun, Melnik & K. Schub., Fusarium trichothecioides Wollenw., Geotrichum candidum Link, Mucor circinelloides Tiegh., M. hiemalis Wehmer, Penicillium frequentans Westling and Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold were recorded for the first time from Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 23(1): 1-6, 2016 (June)

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Monteiro, José Juarez Ferreira, Enide Eskinazi Leça, Maria Luise Koening, and Silvio José de Macedo. "New record of Trichodesmium thiebautii Gomont ex Gomont (Oscillatoriales - Cyanophyta) for the continental shelf of northeastern Brazil." Acta Botanica Brasilica 24, no. 4 (December 2010): 1104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062010000400027.

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This study reports the first occurrence of Trichodesmiumthiebautii Gomont ex Gomont on the coast of northeastern Brazil. Samples were gathered during the rainy season (July 2005) and the dry season (November 2006) at six stations distributed along two perpendicular profiles of the coast of Pernambuco (8º18'S - 34º56'W and 8º32'S - 35º00'W). T. thiebautii was found during both periods of the year and at the six collection stations, forming colonies in the form of clusters or more rarely, bundles, with straight cylindrical trichomes, quadratic or slightly longer cells, with widths between 5-10 µm and heights of 3-15 µm. The hydrological variables presented small variations, contributing to wide distribution of the species.

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Caixeta, Marilda Pereira, William Mário de Carvalho Nunes, Alvaro Figueredo dos Santos, Dauri José Tessmann, and João Batista Vida. "Espécies de Phytophthora associadas à gomose em pomares de citros no Estado do Paraná, Brasil." Summa Phytopathologica 39, no. 4 (December 2013): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-54052013000400002.

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A gomose dos citros é considerada uma doença de grande importância para a citricultura no Brasil e em nível mundial. A etiologia desta doença compreende um complexo de espécies de Phytophthora. Embora importante, pouco se conhece sobre a gomose nas regiões produtoras de citros no Estado do Paraná. Por isso, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar espécies de Phytophthora associadas à gomose em pomares de citros no Paraná. Nas regiões Norte, Noroeste e Vale do Ribeira foram retiradas amostras de raízes de plantas com sintomas de gomose e também de solo da rizosfera. Em laboratório, empregando pêra cv. D'anjou como isca e meio de cultivo batata-dextrose-ágar, foram obtidos 21 isolados de Phytophthora spp. Todos os isolados infectaram mudas de limão 'Cravo', reproduzindo os sintomas de gomose e também apresentaram crescimento micelial a 8º C e a 36º C, com exceção do isolado PR20 para 36º C . "In vitro", esses isolados foram heterotálicos, sendo 20 compatíveis ao tipo padrão A2 e um compatível ao tipo padrão A1. Vinte isolados formaram esporângios persistentes e papilados, com 25,5 - 62,0 µm de comprimento (C) e 27,9 - 49,6 µm de largura (L) e a relação C/L foi de 1,38:1. Um isolado (PR20) apresentou esporângios medindo 40,3 - 55,8 µm de comprimento e 27,9 - 37,2 µm de largura, formando esporângios persistentes, papilados ou bipapilados e de formas distorcidas, não formando clamidósporos. A temperatura ótima para crescimento desse isolado foi entre 20 a 28º C, enquanto para os demais foi de 24 a 32º C, tendo estes produção abundante de clamidósporos globosos de diâmetro variando entre 21,7 a 43,4 µm. De acordo com as características morfofisiológicas apresentadas, dos 21 isolados analisados, 20 pertenceram à espécie P. nicotianae e um à espécie P. citrophthora. A análise de sequências de genes da região ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 do rDNA e usando o teste de "Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism" (SSCP), confirmou P. nicotianae e P. citrophthora como as duas espécies de Phytophthora associadas à gomose em pomares de citros no estado do Paraná.

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Tukiainen, S., E. Kyrölä, P. T. Verronen, D. Fussen, L. Blanot, G. Barrot, A. Hauchecorne, and N. Lloyd. "Retrieval of ozone profiles from GOMOS limb scattered measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 4 (April 4, 2011): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-659-2011.

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Abstract. The GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars) instrument on board the Envisat satellite measures the vertical composition of the atmosphere using the stellar occultation technique. While the night-time occultations of GOMOS have been proven to be of good quality, the daytime occultations are more challenging due to weaker signal-to-noise ratio. During daytime GOMOS measures limb scattered solar radiation in addition to stellar radiation. In this paper we introduce a retrieval method that determines ozone profiles between 20–60 km from GOMOS limb scattered solar radiances. GOMOS observations contain a considerable amount of stray light at high altitudes. We introduce a method for removing stray light and demonstrate its feasibility by comparing the corrected radiances against those measured by the OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph & Infra Red Imaging System) instrument. For the retrieval of ozone profiles, a standard onion peeling method is used. The first comparisons with other data sets suggest that the retrieved ozone profiles in 22–50 km are within 10% compared with the GOMOS night-time occultations and within 15% compared with OSIRIS. GOMOS has measured about 350 000 daytime profiles since 2002. The retrieval method presented here makes this large amount of data available for scientific use.

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Tukiainen, S., E. Kyrölä, J. Tamminen, J. Kujanpää, and L. Blanot. "GOMOS bright limb ozone data set." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 8 (August 5, 2015): 3107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3107-2015.

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Abstract. We have created a daytime ozone profile data set from the measurements of the Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) instrument on board the Envisat satellite. This so-called GOMOS bright limb (GBL) data set contains ∼ 358 000 stratospheric daytime ozone profiles measured by GOMOS in 2002–2012. The GBL data set complements the widely used GOMOS nighttime data based on stellar occultation measurements. The GBL data set is based on the GOMOS daytime occultations but instead of the transmitted star light we use limb-scattered solar light. The ozone profiles retrieved from these radiance spectra cover the 18–60 km altitude range and have approximately 2–3 km vertical resolution. We show that these profiles are generally in better than 10 % agreement with the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) ozonesonde profiles and with the GOMOS nighttime, MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder), and OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System) satellite measurements. However, there is a 10–13 % negative bias at 40 km altitude and a 10–50 % positive bias at 50 km for solar zenith angles > 75°. These biases are most likely caused by stray light which is difficult to characterize and to remove entirely from the measured spectra. Nevertheless, the GBL data set approximately doubles the amount of useful GOMOS ozone profiles and improves coverage of the summer pole.

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TAKEUCHI, TADAO. "TAKAMATSU AND GOMORI, FIFTIETH YEAR MEMORIAL LECTURE." Acta Histochemica et Cytochemica 22, no. 6 (1989): 695–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1267/ahc.22.695.

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Vlzvári, B. "Two algorithms to get strong Gomory cuts." Optimization 20, no. 1 (January 1989): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02331938908843420.

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Kavitha, Telikepalli. "Properties of Gomory–Hu co-cycle bases." Theoretical Computer Science 420 (February 2012): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2011.11.003.

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45

Cornuéjols, Gérard, François Margot, and Giacomo Nannicini. "On the safety of Gomory cut generators." Mathematical Programming Computation 5, no. 4 (August 3, 2013): 345–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12532-013-0057-4.

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Chandrasekaran, R. "Recognition of Gilmore-Gomory traveling salesman problem." Discrete Applied Mathematics 14, no. 3 (July 1986): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-218x(86)90027-2.

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47

Tukiainen, S., E. Kyrölä, J. Tamminen, and L. Blanot. "GOMOS bright limb ozone data set." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 27, 2015): 987–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-987-2015.

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Abstract. We have created a daytime ozone profile data set from the measurements of the Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) instrument on board the Envisat satellite. This so-called GOMOS bright limb (GBL) data set contains ~ 358 000 stratospheric daytime ozone profiles measured by GOMOS in 2002–2012. The GBL data set complements the widely used GOMOS night-time data based on stellar occultation measurements. The GBL data set is based on the GOMOS daytime occultations but instead of the transmitted star light, we use limb scattered solar light. The ozone profiles retrieved from these radiance spectra cover 18–60 km tangent height range and have approximately 2–3 km vertical resolution. We show that these profiles are generally in better than 10% agreement with the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) ozone sounding profiles and with the GOMOS night-time, MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder), and OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph, and InfraRed Imaging System) satellite measurements. However, there is a 10–13% negative bias at 40 km tangent height and a 10–50% positive bias at 50 km when the solar zenith angle > 75°. These biases are most likely caused by stray light which is difficult to characterize and remove entirely from the measured spectra. Nevertheless, the GBL data set approximately doubles the amount of useful GOMOS ozone profiles and improves coverage of the summer pole.

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48

Mze, N., A. Hauchecorne, H. Bencherif, F. Dalaudier, and J. L. Bertaux. "Climatology and comparison of ozone from ENVISAT/GOMOS and SHADOZ/balloon-sonde observations in the southern tropics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 16 (August 30, 2010): 8025–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-8025-2010.

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Abstract. In this paper, the stellar occultation instrument GOMOS is compared with ozonesondes from the SHADOZ network. We only used nighttime O3 profiles and selected 8 Southern Hemisphere stations. 7 years of GOMOS datasets (GOPR 6.0cf and IPF 5.0) and 11 years of balloon-sondes are used in this study. A monthly distribution of GOMOS O3 mixing ratios was performed in the upper-troposphere and in the stratosphere (15–50 km). A comparison with SHADOZ was made in the altitude range between 15 km and 30 km. In the 21–30 km altitude range, a satisfactory agreement was observed between GOMOS and SHADOZ, although some differences were observed depending on the station. The range for monthly differences generally decreases with increasing height and is within ±15%. It was found that the agreement between GOMOS and SHADOZ declines below ~20 km. The median differences are almost within ±5%, particularly above 23 km. But a large positive bias was found below 21 km, in comparison to SHADOZ.

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Santos, Álvaro F., and Edna Dora M. N. Luz. "Distribuição de Phytophthora nicotianae e P. boehmeriae nas plantações brasileiras de acácia-negra." Fitopatologia Brasileira 31, no. 4 (August 2006): 398–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582006000400011.

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Duas espécies de Phytophthora, P. nicotianae e P. boehmeriae já foram identificadas como agentes da gomose da acácia-negra no Brasil. Visando determinar a distribuição dessas espécies nas plantações brasileiras de acácia-negra foi realizado um levantamento e coleta de amostras em 23 plantações localizadas em nove municípios do Rio Grande do Sul e em duas áreas experimentais, em dois municípios do estado do Paraná. As culturas obtidas foram identificadas por suas características culturais e morfológicas, principalmente produção, forma e dimensões dos esporângios, e formação de oósporos. Phytophthora nicotianae foi a espécie predominante, estando presente em 100% das plantações amostradas, enquanto P. boehmeriae foi isolada apenas de 10% das amostras, estando presente apenas nos municípios de Piratini, Cristal e Cerro Grande do Sul, no Rio Grande do Sul. No estado do Paraná somente P. nicotianae foi assinalada até o momento. Observou-se diferenciação na sintomatologia causada pelas espécies. Phytophthora nicotianae foi responsável pela gomose basal das árvores, enquanto P. boehmeriae estava associada a gomose generalizada.

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Kyrölä, E., J. Tamminen, G. W. Leppelmeier, V. Sofieva, S. Hassinen, J. L. Bertaux, A. Hauchecorne, et al. "GOMOS on Envisat: an overview." Advances in Space Research 33, no. 7 (January 2004): 1020–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(03)00590-8.

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