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Journal articles on the topic 'Golf swing biomechanics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mears, Aimée, Jonathan Roberts, and Stephanie Forrester. "Matching Golfers’ Movement Patterns during a Golf Swing." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 2452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122452.

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The golf swing is a multidimensional movement requiring alternative data analysis methods to interpret non-linear relationships in biomechanics data related to golf shot outcomes. The purpose of this study was to use a combined principal component analysis (PCA), fuzzy coding, and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) data analysis approach to visualise associations within key biomechanics movement patterns and impact parameters in a group of low handicap golfers. Biomechanics data was captured and analysed for 22 golfers when hitting shots with their own driver. Relationships between biomechanics variables were firstly achieved by quantifying principal components, followed by fuzzy coding and finally MCA. Clubhead velocity and ball velocity were included as supplementary data in MCA. A total of 35.9% of inertia was explained by the first factor plane of MCA. Dimension one and two, and subsequent visualisation of MCA results, showed a separation of golfers’ biomechanics (i.e., swing techniques). The MCA plot can be used to simply and quickly identify movement patterns of a group of similar handicap golfers if supported with appropriate descriptive interpretation of the data. This technique also has the potential to highlight mismatched golfer biomechanics variables which could be contributing to weaker impact parameters.

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2

Choi, Sung-Jin, Jong-Jin Park, and Dong-Ho Yang. "Biomechanics analysis by golf drive swing pattern." Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 12, no. 2 (August 30, 2002): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/kjsb.2002.12.2.259.

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3

Adlington, Gregory S. "Proper Swing Technique And Biomechanics Of Golf." Clinics in Sports Medicine 15, no. 1 (January 1996): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-5919(20)30155-1.

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4

Mahadas, Srikrishnaraja, Kausalendra Mahadas, and George K. Hung. "Biomechanics of the golf swing using OpenSim." Computers in Biology and Medicine 105 (February 2019): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.12.002.

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5

Meister, David W., Amy L. Ladd, Erin E. Butler, Betty Zhao, Andrew P. Rogers, Conrad J. Ray, and Jessica Rose. "Rotational Biomechanics of the Elite Golf Swing: Benchmarks for Amateurs." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 27, no. 3 (August 2011): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.27.3.242.

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The purpose of this study was to determine biomechanical factors that may influence golf swing power generation. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were examined in 10 professional and 5 amateur male golfers. Upper-torso rotation, pelvic rotation, X-factor (relative hip-shoulder rotation), O-factor (pelvic obliquity), S-factor (shoulder obliquity), and normalized free moment were assessed in relation to clubhead speed at impact (CSI). Among professional golfers, results revealed that peak free moment per kilogram, peak X-factor, and peak S-factor were highly consistent, with coefficients of variation of 6.8%, 7.4%, and 8.4%, respectively. Downswing was initiated by reversal of pelvic rotation, followed by reversal of upper-torso rotation. Peak X-factor preceded peak free moment in all swings for all golfers, and occurred during initial downswing. Peak free moment per kilogram, X-factor at impact, peak X-factor, and peak upper-torso rotation were highly correlated to CSI (median correlation coefficients of 0.943, 0.943, 0.900, and 0.900, respectively). Benchmark curves revealed kinematic and kinetic temporal and spatial differences of amateurs compared with professional golfers. For amateurs, the number of factors that fell outside 1–2 standard deviations of professional means increased with handicap. This study identified biomechanical factors highly correlated to golf swing power generation and may provide a basis for strategic training and injury prevention.

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6

Pearce, B. "Gluteus medius kinesio-taping: the effect on torso-pelvic separation, ball flight distance and accuracy during the golf swing." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 27, no. 4 (May 25, 2016): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2015/v27i4a1262.

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Background. The kinesio-taping method, which is becoming increasingly popular, may provide support and stability to joints and muscles without inhibiting range of motion. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of kinesio-taping of the gluteus medius muscle on x-factor (torsopelvic separation), ball flight distance and accuracy (smash factor ratio). A specific aim was to determine whether a correlation exists between hip abduction strength and x-factor, ball distance and accuracy. Methods. This study is a one group pretest-posttest quasiexperimental design which took place at a golf facility. Twentynine amateur golfers with handicap of scratch ±2, who were between the ages of 18- and 25-years, participated in this study. Biomechanical outcomes were recorded with and without kinesio-tape applied on the gluteus medius muscle of the trail leg. Biomechanical golf swing analysis with the iClub™ Body Motion System determined the x-factor at the top of the backswing. Ball flight distance and accuracy were measured with FlightScope® and dominant hip abduction strength was measured with the MicroFET Hand-held Dynamometer. Results. Kinesio-tape is effective in improving the relative hip abduction strength (p<0.001), although the effect size was small (Cohen’s d=0.24). With regard to the biomechanical outcome measures, namely x-factor (p=0.28), ball flight distance (p=0.53) and accuracy (p=0.1), there was no significant improvement. Conclusion: Even though the relative hip abduction strength was improved, there was no effect on golf swing biomechanics. This can be explained due to the fact that x-factor, ball flight distance and accuracy are dependent on a combination of body movements to produce the golf swing. Keywords. Golf, X-factor, pelvic stability, taping

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7

Choi, Sung-Jin, and Jong-Jin Park. "Biomechanics analysis by success and failure during golf putting swing." Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 12, no. 2 (August 30, 2002): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/kjsb.2002.12.2.279.

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8

Morrison, Andrew, Denise McGrath, and Eric S. Wallace. "Analysis of the delivery plane in the golf swing using principal components." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 232, no. 4 (January 19, 2018): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337117751729.

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Although the swing plane has been a popular area of golf biomechanics research, the movement of the club relative to the swing plane has yet to be shown experimentally to have a relationship with performance. This study used principal component and subsequent multiple regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the movement of the club relative to the delivery plane and clubhead characteristics at ball impact. The principal components reflected deviations from an individual swing plane, and lower values of these components were associated with less variability in the clubface impact location. In the event that a golf coach wants to improve the precision of ball striking, the results from this study suggest that both simplicity of the route and alignment of the club to the final trajectory before impact could be advantageous. However, this does not suggest that the technique should be based on a ‘model’ swing plane.

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9

Dale, R. Barry, and Jason Brumitt. "Spine biomechanics associated with the shortened, modern one-plane golf swing." Sports Biomechanics 15, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2016.1159723.

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10

Lindsay, David M., Theo H. Versteegh, and Anthony A. Vandervoort. "Injury Prevention: Avoiding One of Golf's More Painful Hazards." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 4, no. 1_suppl (September 2009): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/174795409789577452.

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Although the sport of golf may be mistakenly perceived as a benign physical activity, there are in fact patterns of problems such as strains to the upper limb and low-back pain that have the potential to interfere with the professional golfer's livelihood and recreational golfer's enjoyment. In this article, a summary of the literature has been provided outlining the nature and extent of common musculoskeletal injuries that golfers deal with as well as some of the risk factors that may increase injury susceptibility. A detailed overview of prevention strategies to minimize the risk of suffering a golf injury has also been provided. Since many injuries arise from poor swing biomechanics, taking instruction with a knowledgeable golf instructor can be an important first step towards injury prevention. However, if a golfing client already has an injury which originated or is aggravated by playing or practicing, then the personalized help of a physician or physiotherapist experienced in golf biomechanics is also warranted. Proper attention to prevention will ensure a lifetime of enjoyable golf “par”ticipation.

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11

Cole, Michael H., and Paul N. Grimshaw. "The Biomechanics of the Modern Golf Swing: Implications for Lower Back Injuries." Sports Medicine 46, no. 3 (November 24, 2015): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0429-1.

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12

Choi, Hyeob, and Sukyung Park. "Three Dimensional Upper Limb Joint Kinetics of a Golf Swing with Measured Internal Grip Force." Sensors 20, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 3672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133672.

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The biomechanics of a golf swing have been of interest to golfers, instructors, and biomechanists. In addition to the complexity of the three-dimensional (3D) dynamics of multi-segments of body, the closed-chain body posture as a result of both hands holding a club together makes it difficult to fully analyze the 3D kinetics of a golf swing. To identify the hand-grip joint force and torque applied by each hand, we directly measured the 3D internal grip force of nine registered professional golfers using an instrumented grip. A six-axis force-torque sensor was connected to a custom-made axially separated grip, which was then connected to a driver shaft using a manufactured screw thread. Subjects participated in two sessions of data collection featuring five driver swings with both a regular and customized sensor-embedded grip, respectively. Internal grip force measurement and upper limb kinematics were used to calculate the joint force and torque of the nine-linkage closed-chain of the upper limb and club using 3D inverse dynamics. Direct measurement of internal grip forces revealed a threefold greater right-hand torque application compared to the left hand, and counterforce by both hands was also found. The joint force and torque of the left arm tended to precede that of the right arm, the majority of which had peaks around the impact and showed a larger magnitude than that of the left arm. Due to the practical challenge of measuring internal force, heuristic estimation methods based on club kinematics showed fair approximation. Our results suggest that measuring the internal forces of the closed-chain posture could identify redundant joint kinetics and further propose a heuristic approximation.

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13

Smith, Jo Armour, Andrew Hawkins, Marybeth Grant-Beuttler, Richard Beuttler, and Szu-Ping Lee. "Risk Factors Associated With Low Back Pain in Golfers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 10, no. 6 (August 21, 2018): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738118795425.

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Context: Low back pain is common in golfers. The risk factors for golf-related low back pain are unclear but may include individual demographic, anthropometric, and practice factors as well as movement characteristics of the golf swing. Objective: The aims of this systematic review were to summarize and synthesize evidence for factors associated with low back pain in recreational and professional golfers. Data Sources: A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases through September 2017. Study Selection: Studies were included if they quantified demographic, anthropometric, biomechanical, or practice variables in individuals with and without golf-related low back pain. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Studies were independently reviewed for inclusion by 2 authors, and the following data were extracted: characterization of low back pain, participant demographics, anthropometrics, biomechanics, strength/flexibility, and practice characteristics. The methodological quality of studies was appraised by 3 authors using a previously published checklist. Where possible, individual and pooled effect sizes of select variables of interest were calculated for differences between golfers with and without pain. Results: The search retrieved 73 articles, 19 of which met the inclusion criteria (12 case-control studies, 5 cross-sectional studies, and 2 prospective longitudinal studies). Methodological quality scores ranged from 12.5% to 100.0%. Pooled analyses demonstrated a significant association between increased age and body mass and golf-related low back pain in cross-sectional/case-control studies. Prospective data indicated that previous history of back pain predicts future episodes of pain. Conclusion: Individual demographic and anthropometric characteristics may be associated with low back pain, but this does not support a relationship between swing characteristics and the development of golf-related pain. Additional high-quality prospective studies are needed to clarify risk factors for back pain in golfers.

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14

Hovis, W. David, Mark T. Dean, William J. Mallon, and Richard J. Hawkins. "Posterior Instability of the Shoulder with Secondary Impingement in Elite Golfers." American Journal of Sports Medicine 30, no. 6 (November 2002): 886–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465020300062101.

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Background Shoulder injuries in golf are related to the biomechanics of the golf swing and typically occur in the lead arm at the top of the back swing. Purpose We report a newly recognized entity in a series of elite golfers: posterior glenohumeral instability associated with subacromial impingement. Study Design Retrospective review. Methods Eight elite golfers were treated between March 1991 and July 1998 for pain occurring in the nondominant, lead shoulder at the top of the back swing. Posterior instability was diagnosed in all eight patients; six of the eight also demonstrated signs of subacromial impingement. Initial treatment consisted of rehabilitation. For patients in whom rehabilitation failed, surgery was performed. Results Two patients improved with nonoperative treatment and returned to play immediately. Six patients underwent shoulder arthroscopy with posterior thermal capsulorrhaphy. Four of the six also underwent arthroscopic subacromial decompression. The six surgically treated patients returned to play at an average 4 months after surgery. At an average 4.5 years of follow-up, all eight patients were playing at their previous level of competitive play. One patient had complications that led to the need for subsequent arthroscopic subacromial decompression; she eventually returned to competitive play. Conclusion Clinicians should be aware of posterior shoulder instability and the associated secondary diagnosis of rotator cuff impingement as a possible cause of shoulder pain in elite golfers.

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15

Papaliodis, Dean N., Christos D. Photopoulos, Nima Mehran, Michael B. Banffy, and James E. Tibone. "Return to Golfing Activity After Joint Arthroplasty." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 1 (July 20, 2016): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516641917.

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Background: Many patients who are considering total joint arthroplasty, including hip, knee, and shoulder replacement, are concerned with their likelihood of returning to golf postoperatively as well as the effect that surgery will have on their game. Purpose: To review the existing literature on patients who have undergone major joint arthroplasty (hip, knee, and shoulder), to examine the effects of surgery on performance in golf, and to provide surgeon recommendations as related to participation in golf after surgery. A brief review of the history and biomechanics of the golf swing is also provided. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature in the online Medline database, evaluating articles that contained the terms “golf” and “arthroplasty.” Additionally, a web-based search evaluating clinical practice recommendations after joint arthroplasty was performed. The research was reviewed, and objective and anecdotal guidelines were formulated. Results: Total joint arthroplasty provided an improvement in pain during golfing activity, and most patients were able to return to sport with variable improvements in sport-specific outcomes. Conclusion: In counseling patients regarding the return to golf after joint arthroplasty, it is our opinion, on the basis of our experience and those reported from others in the literature, that golfers undergoing total hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty can safely return to sport.

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16

Johnson, Daniel, and John McPhee. "Predictive Dynamic Simulation of the Golf Swing, Including Golfer Biomechanics and Distributed Flexibility in the Shaft." Procedia Engineering 72 (2014): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.138.

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17

Cahalan, Thomas D., William P. Cooney, Kazuo Tamai, and Edmund Y. S. Chao. "Biomechanics of the golf swing in players with pathologic conditions of the forearm, wrist, and hand." American Journal of Sports Medicine 19, no. 3 (May 1991): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036354659101900314.

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18

Tang, Wen-Tzu, and Cheng-Ming Hu. "The muscle activation pattern and coordination of leading arm and trailing arm of elite players during golf swing(3E1 Sports & Impact Biomechanics I)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2007.3 (2007): S240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2007.3.s240.

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19

Gluck, George S., John A. Bendo, and Jeffrey M. Spivak. "The lumbar spine and low back pain in golf: a literature review of swing biomechanics and injury prevention." Spine Journal 8, no. 5 (September 2008): 778–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2007.07.388.

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20

Kim, Yoon Hyuk, and Batbayar Khuyagbaatar. "Biomechanical Analysis of Golf Swing Motion using Musculoskeletal Simulation." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2019.31 (2019): JKS1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2019.31.jks1.

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21

Sinclair, J., G. Currigan, D. J. Fewtrell, and P. J. Taylor. "Biomechanical correlates of club-head velocity during the golf swing." International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 14, no. 1 (April 2014): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2014.11868702.

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22

Choi, Ahnryul, Tae Geon Kang, and Joung Hwan Mun. "Biomechanical Evaluation of Dynamic Balance Control Ability During Golf Swing." Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering 36, no. 3 (June 2016): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40846-016-0141-0.

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23

Millar, Audrey L., Kelly Boss, Chloe Gilgannon, and Chris Wendt. "Biomechanical Comparison Of The Half To Full Golf Swing - Clinical Implications." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 7S (July 2020): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000676440.80971.53.

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24

Nesbit, S. M. "Development of a Full-Body Biomechanical Model of the Golf Swing." International Journal of Modelling and Simulation 27, no. 4 (January 2007): 392–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02286203.2007.11442442.

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25

Smith, Aimée, Jonathan Roberts, Eric Wallace, Pui Wah Kong, and Steph Forrester. "Golf Coaches' Perceptions of Key Technical Swing Parameters Compared to Biomechanical Literature." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 10, no. 4 (August 2015): 739–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.10.4.739.

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26

Chu, Yungchien, Timothy C. Sell, and Scott M. Lephart. "The relationship between biomechanical variables and driving performance during the golf swing." Journal of Sports Sciences 28, no. 11 (September 2010): 1251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.507249.

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27

Verikas, Antanas, James Parker, Marija Bacauskiene, and M. Charlotte Olsson. "Exploring relations between EMG and biomechanical data recorded during a golf swing." Expert Systems with Applications 88 (December 2017): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2017.06.041.

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28

Maddalozzo, G. F. John. "SPORTS PERFORMANCE SERIES: An anatomical and biomechanical analysis of the full golf swing." National Strength & Conditioning Association Journal 9, no. 4 (1987): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/0744-0049(1984)009<0006:aaabao>2.3.co;2.

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29

McNally, William, and John McPhee. "Dynamic Optimization of the Golf Swing Using a Six Degree-of-Freedom Biomechanical Model." Proceedings 2, no. 6 (February 13, 2018): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2060243.

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30

Derksen, José C., Marcel P. van Riel, and Chris J. Snijders. "A New Method for Continuous Recording of Trunk Postures while Playing Golf." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 12, no. 1 (February 1996): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.12.1.116.

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In this paper a new method for the registration of trunk movements is presented. With this method, called the Portable Posture Registration Set (PPRS), movements can be recorded continuously over a long period of time. The purpose of this study was to test whether the PPRS can be applied in golf. A pilot study using 4 male golfers demonstrated that qualitative and quantitative data on trunk movements in golf can be collected with the PPRS. The inclination of the trunk proved to be large (40–45°) in all swings tested, resulting in a considerable load on the back. The contribution of torsion to the spinal load was relatively small, especially in the putt, which showed very little movement in the transverse and frontal planes. However, putting accounted for most of the total spinal load in playing a course. Even when playing a round of 18 holes, subjects did not experience any hindrance or discomfort from the sensors or the recorder. This method seems to offer new possibilities in the biomechanical study of trunk movement in golf.

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31

Chae, Woen-Sik, and Nyeon-Ju Kang. "The Effect of Wear ing Spandex Wear with Compression Band on Biomechanical Parameters during a Golf Drive Swing." Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2011): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/kjsb.2011.21.3.345.

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32

Purevsuren, Tserenchimed, Batbayar Khuyagbaatar, SuKyoung Lee, and Yoon Hyuk Kim. "Biomechanical Factors Leading to High Loading in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament of the Lead Knee During Golf Swing." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 21, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-019-00266-y.

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33

Quinn, S. L., B. Olivier, W. Wood, and V. Naidoo. "The effect of trigger point therapy and medicine ball exercises vs trigger point therapy and stretching on hip rotational biomechanics of the golf swings." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 69, no. 4 (January 16, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v69i4.383.

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Background: Elite golfers sustain a large number of lumbar spine injuries. Poor rotational biomechanics, which may occur as a result of a shortened iliopsoas muscle, increase the incidence of lumbar spine injuries in golfers. Stretches and medicine ball exercises are often used as part of golf training programmes in an attempt to restore hip flexor length and improve rotational biomechanics. The aim of this study was to ascertain the effect of a combination of trigger point therapy and medicine ball exercises compared to a combination of trigger point therapy and stretching on rotational bio-mechanics of the golf swing. Method: This is a randomised controlled trial consisting of two experimental groups (trigger point therapy and stretching vs. trigger point therapy and medicine ball exercises) and one control group (no intervention). Hip flexor length and 3D biomechanical analysis of the golf swing was performed at baseline and one week later. Results: One-hundred elite male golfers participated in this study. Rotational biomechanics, specifically downswing hip turn in the group that received trigger point therapy combined with medicine ball exercises, showed statistically significant improvement at reassessment compared to the control group (p=0.0328). Conclusion: Rotational biomechanics (downswing hip turn) improved following a combination of trigger point therapy treatment and a one week programme of medicine ball exercises. This is postulated to have occurred through neural reorganisation and not through improved tensile muscle strength. This improvement in rotational biomechanics has the potential to decrease lumbar spine injury incidence in elite golfers. This study advocates the use of trigger point therapy combined with medicine ball exercises in the treatment of golfers with shortened hip flexors.

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34

"Impact of Strength and Power Training on Golf Performance and Swing Biomechanics." Case Medical Research, July 2, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31525/ct1-nct04004468.

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35

Bae, Tae Soo, Woong Cho, Kwon Hee Kim, and Soo Won Chae. "Biomechanical Effect of Altered Lumbar Lordosis on Intervertebral Lumbar Joints During the Golf Swing: A Simulation Study." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 136, no. 11 (September 11, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4028427.

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Although the lumbar spine region is the most common site of injury in golfers, little research has been done on intervertebral loads in relation to the anatomical–morphological differences in the region. This study aimed to examine the biomechanical effects of anatomical–morphological differences in the lumbar lordosis on the lumbar spinal joints during a golf swing. The golf swing motions of ten professional golfers were analyzed. Using a subject-specific 3D musculoskeletal system model, inverse dynamic analyses were performed to compare the intervertebral load, the load on the lumbar spine, and the load in each swing phase. In the intervertebral load, the value was the highest at the L5–S1 and gradually decreased toward the T12. In each lumbar spine model, the load value was the greatest on the kypholordosis (KPL) followed by normal lordosis (NRL), hypolordosis (HPL), and excessive lordosis (EXL) before the impact phase. However, results after the follow-through (FT) phase were shown in reverse order. Finally, the load in each swing phase was greatest during the FT phase in all the lumbar spine models. The findings can be utilized in the training and rehabilitation of golfers to help reduce the risk of injury by considering individual anatomical–morphological characteristics.

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36

Nesbit, S. M. "DEVELOPMENT OF A FULL-BODY BIOMECHANICAL MODEL OF THE GOLF SWING." International Journal of Modelling and Simulation 27, no. 4 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/journal.205.2007.4.205-4599.

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37

Severin, Anna C., Sally G. Barnes, Stewart A. Tackett, C. Lowry Barnes, and Erin M. Mannen. "The required number of trials for biomechanical analysis of a golf swing." Sports Biomechanics, January 30, 2019, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2018.1554085.

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38

Kanwar, Kiran D., Jordan Cannon, David L. Nichols, George J. Salem, and Mark D. Mann. "Injury risk-factor differences between two golf swing styles: a biomechanical analysis of the lumbar spine, hip and knee." Sports Biomechanics, July 19, 2021, 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2021.1945672.

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