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1
Joubert, Barend Daniel. "Small-scale gold mining in southern Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005615.
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The general characteristics of gold deposits are reviewed, and a classification of gold deposits based on mineability is proposed. Evaluation, mlnlng and beneficiation methods are briefly discussed. It is concluded that the most viable targets for small-scale companies comprise deposits that require the least pre-production time and expense. Great potential exists for the small-scale reclamation of gold from tailings dumps and abandoned mines in Southern Africa. There is also potential for developing new smallscale gold mines in the Archaean greenstone terranes of the Zimbabwean and Kaapvaal cratons.
2
Bouwer, Wendy. "An environmentally sound gold recovery process for small-scale gold mining." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/869.
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Thesis(MTech (Chem.Eng.Technology))--//Cape Technikon, 1999<br>The gold mining industry has mainly relied upon the use of a highly polluting chemicals,
such as mercury and cyanide, to recover gold from its ores. As environmental legislation has become more stringent in all countries and environmental protection has become the focus of world-wide research, development of environmental sound processes has been favoured. The Coal Gold Agglomeration (CGA) process is such a process which was developed some years ago and has the advantage in that gold is recovered by a procedure which has little or no effect on the environment. The CGA process is based on the hydrophobic characteristics of coal, gold and oil. Gold particles which are substantially free become attached to the coal-oil agglomerates during collision, and eventually penetrate into the agglomerates. The resulting agglomerates are recycled to increase the gold loading, separated from the slurry, burnt, ashed and smelted to produce gold bullion. Laboratory scale batch tests were performed on an artificial/synthetic gold ore, containing fine gold powder. The slurry was contacted with a mixture of coal and oil. i.e. coal-oil
agglomerates, after which both the agglomerates and ore were analysed for gold. Operating parameters, such as the mode of contact between the coal-oil phase and the gold containing slurry, contact time of the slurry and the coal-oil phase, means of separating the coal-oil gold agglomerates from the slurry, coal to ore, coal to oil and water to ore ratios, type of oil, effect
of collectors and the mineralogy of the ore on the gold recovery were investigated.
Results have shown that stirring the coal-oil phase and the slug yielded higher gold loadings than shaking and the traditional rolling bottle technique. BI increasing the time of contact between the coal-oil phase and the gold slurry. the final gold loading in the agglomerates increases, until an equilibrium value is reached. An increase in the amount of coal, together with a decrease in the amount of water used in the slurry, has shown to increase gold recoveries. Furthermore, by varying the concentration and volume of a collector. such as potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) enhanced the settling rate and enabled the effectiveness of separation. Moreover, it was found that the gold loading on the coal-oil phase increased after
recycling it. Further tests were performed on a real ore sample and after X-ray Diffraction
(XRD) analysis, it was found that certain minerals other than gold was transferred to the coal-oil phase.
The theoretical foundation of the CGA process is based on the difference in free energy and
was expressed as a function of the interfacial tensions and three-phase contact angles between gold, oil and water, together with the ratio of coal-oil agglomerate to gold particle radii, as the free energy is a measure of the thermodynamic stability and hence, partly a measure of gold recoveries, meaningful predictions as to gold recoveries were made by performing a sensitivity analysis on the variables connected to the free energy, It was, however, found that
some operating parameters, which were linked to other factors, such as the maximum gold
transfer into coal-oil phase and the separation efficiency of the agglomerates. were vital to be taken into account when predictions as to gold recoveries were made. Therefore, the gold recoveries were found to be a function of the thermodynamic stability as well as the maximum gold transfer into the coal-oil phase and the separation efficiency of the agglomerates, The meaningful information gained by performing the theoretical investigations were applied and
linked to gold recoveries, thereby providing useful explanations as to the typical gold
recoveries obtained during experimentation.
A comparative study on mercury amalgamation was done to evaluate the performance of the
CGA process. It was found that the CGA process yielded better gold recoveries than
amalgamation, which makes it the better process both in terms of recoveries as well as environmental safety, A further application of the theoretical knowledge was, however, very useful to explain the tendency of the CGA process yielding the better results.
3
Mather, Diarmid John. "An approach to analyzing gold supply from the South African gold mines." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002750.
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The gold mining fIrm in South Africa is viewed as a normal fIrm producing gold bearing ore but faced with a quality constraint (grade). Grade, however, is never uniformly distributed in a metalliferous deposit and because high grades are mined fIrst, the quality constraint becomes increasingly severe with cumulated production. The fIrm will continue to mine gold bearing ore until it reaches its mining limit where the marginal cost of recovering the gold is equal to the marginal revenue received from that gold and at that point the economic deposit becomes exhausted. Because the mining limit is determined by cost/technology and price, it is not fIxed and thus the point of economic exhaustion may change. When high grades are mined fIrst the relationship between the tonnage of gold ore and the grade describes the rate at which the grade is expected to fall with cumulated production. In this thesis, the grade for South African Witwatersrand gold producers is modelled to fall exponentially. The mining limit, determined by costs/technology and price, can be expressed in terms of grade. By predicting the decay in grade relative to the tonnage of gold ore and applying a mining limit, a life-time size of the economic deposit can be estimated. The remaining life of a producing gold mine can then be determined and the flow of gold predicted. An empirical treatment using the disk model of a gold deposit is undertaken for a gold mine, a goldfIeld and the total Witwatersrand gold deposit. A dynamic econometric analysis of expected mining costs and gold prices is not attempted; however certain examples are used to illustrate the applicability of the model and the influence of the South African gold mining tax formula on the life of the mine.
4
Wortmann, Heid. "Sedimentation and desiccation of gold mines." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11052007-152710.
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Morse, Kathryn Taylor. "The nature of gold : an environmental history of the Alaska/Yukon gold rush /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10468.
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6
Naidoo, Kumendrie. "Considerations for stope gully stability in gold and platinum mines in South Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11302005-123445/.
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7
Edwards, Anita Kynne. "Characteristics of noise induced hearing loss in gold miners." Pretoria : [s.n, 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05062009-123505.
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8
Carr, Frank. "Government decision-making and environmental degradation: a study relating to mining activities in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Carr, Frank (2007) Government decision-making and environmental degradation: a study relating to mining activities in Papua New Guinea. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/502/.
Full textAbstract:
Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a country possessing abundant resources of gold, oil, copper, timber, and fish stocks. It is hampered in its development and management of these resources, however, by serious problems of governance and corruption. These problems are evident throughout the economy and also in the management of the environment. The level of environmental damage caused by the mining industry in PNG is now such that it will require extensive rehabilitation, if the areas affected can, indeed, ever be fully rehabilitated. The mining companies which precipitated this damage were licensed and encouraged by the PNG Government in the initiation and exercise of the mining operations. The resulting environmental impact has affected the lives of thousands of New Guineans to their detriment. The degradation caused remains
unredressed.
Compounding the problem, there is a growing reliance by Papua New Guinea on mineral exploitation for foreign direct investment, government revenues, and foreign exchange. Gold exports accounted for the biggest share of export revenues in 2002 representing 37.5% of the total. In light of this growing dependency on mining activities, there is a correspondingly urgent requirement to address the deficiencies in the administrative, monitoring, and policing aspects of the protection of its environment.
Despite the public evidence of the damage to the environment and the ensuing affect on the people of Papua New Guinea by mining activities; and despite universal condemnation of these activities and the companies responsible; the companies continue to conduct these activities without official hindrance and with little apparent concern for the long-term ramifications of their actions.
This thesis will examine the degradation resulting from the mining activities of companies in Papua New Guinea over the last three decades - particularly those of Placer Dome's Porgera gold mine, BHP's Ok Tedi gold and copper mine (the waste from both of which is dumped into the Ok Tedi and Strickland rivers which are tributaries of the Fly River and form part of the Fly River system) and Lihir Gold Limited's gold mine on Lihir Island. It will examine the extent to which the Government of Papua New Guinea may have wittingly (in the sense of a prescience as to the possible or probable likelihood of deleterious impact) or unwittingly contributed to that degradation as a result of its actions or omissions.
Studies of available literature suggest that there has been little attention paid to the subject of culpability on the part of successive PNG governments in matters of environmental damage. This research will contribute to reducing this gap in the literature by focusing on possible motives of the PNG government and its actors which precipitated those decisions and which resulted in environmental degradation. The discussion will examine the likely motivation of the PNG government in its deliberations and decisions and the extent to which corruption and incompetence may have played a role.
9
Carr, Frank. "Government decision-making and environmental degradation : a study relating to mining activities in Papua New Guinea /." Carr, Frank (2007) Government decision-making and environmental degradation: a study relating to mining activities in Papua New Guinea. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/502/.
Full textAbstract:
Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a country possessing abundant resources of gold, oil, copper, timber, and fish stocks. It is hampered in its development and management of these resources, however, by serious problems of governance and corruption. These problems are evident throughout the economy and also in the management of the environment. The level of environmental damage caused by the mining industry in PNG is now such that it will require extensive rehabilitation, if the areas affected can, indeed, ever be fully rehabilitated. The mining companies which precipitated this damage were licensed and encouraged by the PNG Government in the initiation and exercise of the mining operations. The resulting environmental impact has affected the lives of thousands of New Guineans to their detriment. The degradation caused remains
unredressed.
Compounding the problem, there is a growing reliance by Papua New Guinea on mineral exploitation for foreign direct investment, government revenues, and foreign exchange. Gold exports accounted for the biggest share of export revenues in 2002 representing 37.5% of the total. In light of this growing dependency on mining activities, there is a correspondingly urgent requirement to address the deficiencies in the administrative, monitoring, and policing aspects of the protection of its environment.
Despite the public evidence of the damage to the environment and the ensuing affect on the people of Papua New Guinea by mining activities; and despite universal condemnation of these activities and the companies responsible; the companies continue to conduct these activities without official hindrance and with little apparent concern for the long-term ramifications of their actions.
This thesis will examine the degradation resulting from the mining activities of companies in Papua New Guinea over the last three decades - particularly those of Placer Dome's Porgera gold mine, BHP's Ok Tedi gold and copper mine (the waste from both of which is dumped into the Ok Tedi and Strickland rivers which are tributaries of the Fly River and form part of the Fly River system) and Lihir Gold Limited's gold mine on Lihir Island. It will examine the extent to which the Government of Papua New Guinea may have wittingly (in the sense of a prescience as to the possible or probable likelihood of deleterious impact) or unwittingly contributed to that degradation as a result of its actions or omissions.
Studies of available literature suggest that there has been little attention paid to the subject of culpability on the part of successive PNG governments in matters of environmental damage. This research will contribute to reducing this gap in the literature by focusing on possible motives of the PNG government and its actors which precipitated those decisions and which resulted in environmental degradation. The discussion will examine the likely motivation of the PNG government in its deliberations and decisions and the extent to which corruption and incompetence may have played a role.
10
Pelly, Frederick Douglas Peter. "Guidelines to the evaluation of selectively mined, open pit gold deposits during the exploration stage of mine creation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005582.
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This dissertation studies the evaluation of selectively mined, open pit gold deposits during the exploration stage of the mine's life. Since 1970 a large number of selectively mined, open pit gold mines have come into operation. The most common deposits include epithermal vein, mesothermal lode and laterite gold deposits. In general the deposits are characterized by small tonnages (1-20 million tonnes), relatively high grades (2-10 grams per tonne gold), submicroscopic to coarse gold, inexpensive mining, and both free milling and refractory ores.The key components that require evaluating during the exploration period are the deposit's geology, ore reserves, pit design, ore metallurgy and environmental impact. Feasibility studies are the main vehicle by which to report and guide the exploration programme. During the exploration period a company may undertake an initial (geological feasibility), second (preliminary mine feasibility) and third (final feasibility) delineation programme in order to gather sufficient data to justify a mine development decision. The responsibility of evaluating the mineral prospect lies primarily with the exploration geologist and mining engineer. Broad experience, a professional attitude, a thorough understanding of mining economics, and a high level of geological, engineering and technical skills are traits required by the evaluators. In order for mining companies to make sound investment decisions the geographical, geological, mining, metallurgical, environmental, marketing, political and financial aspects affecting the economic potential of the venture must be integrated so that the likely costs, risks and returns of the investment alternative are quantified. Ultimately, it is the economic analysis of these three items that determine whether the mineral prospect is developed into a mine I delineated further I retained until economic circumstances improve, or abandoned. To assess the costs, risks and returns, extensive use of the risk analysis is advocated throughout the exploration period . When combined with intelligent judgement of the intangible risk elements, the probabilistic distribution of discounted cash flows are invaluable in making sound investment decisions. However, the economic analysis is only as good as the information on which it is founded. Accurate and representative field data is the most important prerequisite to successfully evaluating and developing a new mine.
11
Vermeulen, Nicolaas Johannes. "The composition and state of gold tailings." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03102006-122937/.
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Hamilton, James F. "A study of the fine gold recovery of selected sluicebox configurations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28384.
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The recovery of placer gold from 20 mesh to 150 mesh in common sluicebox configurations was investigated. Two types of riffles, 1-10H expanded metal (1.5"x.75"x.25") and 1.25" angle iron riffles (dredge riffles), were used in conjunction with 3/8" thick "Nomad" matting for 25 tests. The effects of variations in upper feed size, water flow rate, sluice gradient, and solids feed rate on the recovery of placer gold particles are documented.
The gold and test gravel were obtained from the Teck Corporation sluicing operation on Sulphur Creek, Yukon Territory during July, 1985. Approximately nine troy ounces of placer gold and fifteen tons of gravel were transported to Vancouver.B.C. A test sluice facility was constructed in Coquitlam,B.C. to simulate operating conditions in a typical Yukon placer operation. The sluicebox was 12" wide and 8' long with clear plexiglass sidewalls. Screened gravel of either 3/4" or 1/4" upper feed size was fed to this sluice from a hopper at rates of up to 1260 lb/min. The water pumping capacity was a maximum of 400 USGPM. Between 75 and 90 grams of each of three sizes of placer gold (-20+28#, -35+48#, -65+100# ) were premixed with the gravel for most tests. The final test used 25 grams of -100+150 mesh gold.
Sluicing, when properly controlled, was found to be a highly effective means of concentrating placer gold as small as 150 mesh. Expanded metal riffles were far superior to dredge riffles in concentrating gold of this size range. Recovery of the -65+100# size fraction frequently exceeded 90% when using expanded metal riffles. Visual observation of eddies formed downstream of the riffles showed that scour depth between riffles was the one characteristic of the slurry flow that gave the best indication of the resulting gold recovery. For expanded metal, scour depths between 1/2 and 3/4 of the riffle depth were found the most effective.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Mining Engineering, Keevil Institute of<br>Graduate
13
Laidlaw, Noel. "The mechanisation of saddle reef stoping on the Bendigo goldfield." Thesis, The Author [Mt. Helen, Vic.] :, 1994. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/55799.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of a group training program, based on cognitive behavioural theory and techniques, on the problem-solving skills of adolescents. Evidence of a link between suicidal ideation (engaging in suicidal thinking) and reported deficits in social problem-solving or coping competence levels in adolescents is an area of investigation that offers some hope for suicide primary prevention programs. The study tried to determine if teaching social problem solving skills in a school would better equip adolescents with coping with problematic situations. The work of Hawton (1997) Hawton and Kirk (1989), Lerner and Clum (1990) and McLeavey, Daly, Ludgate and Murray (1994) formed the basis of the training program design. The emphasis was on general problem-solving skills rather on a participant’s specific current problems. Included was training in listening skills, assistance in developing problem-solving skills rather on a participant’s specific current problems. Included was training in listening skills, assistance in developing appropriate problem-solving behaviours and role simulation through the use of structured video case scenarios. Seventy four male and female year 10 secondary school students were subjects in the study. They were randomly divided into two, approximately equal, groups. Thirty six subjects established the control group and the remaining thirty eight constituted the experimental group. The findings indicated that students exposed to the problem solving training program did not have significantly higher problem-solving ability, as measured by the Problem Solving Inventory (PSI) than those who were not exposed to the training. However, females in the experimental group were significantly more likely to make conscious decisions about when they would approach or avoid a problem when compared to control group females. It is suggested that the adaptation of training, designed for suicidal clients, needs to be explored further for application to Year 10 students in the general population. More research is needed into ways to provide school based preventative training programs that will assist in the development of coping skills.<br>School of Science & Engineering
14
Irwin, Douglas Allen Carleton University Dissertation Geology. "The long Lake Zinc Mine and the Ore Chimney Gold Mine, Southeastern Ontario; a geophysical exploration guideline." Ottawa, 1992.
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15
Squelch, Andrew Peter. "Application of virtual reality for hazard awareness training in South African gold mines." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243505.
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Miller, Mark Henry Bruce. "The optimum communications architecture for deep level gold mining." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2000. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01122007-124105/.
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Mann, P. L. "Surficial placer gold deposits." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018245.
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This review summarises the factors which control the formation and distribution of surficial gold placer deposits. Regional tectonic and climatic conditions as well as gold source are considered. The characteristics of eluvial, alluvial, marine, glacial and fluvioglacial gold placer deposits are described. Particular attention is paid to the gold grains within these placers. These gold grains have a distinctive morphology and chemical composition which reflect the manner in which they were transported, deposited and concentrated within the placers. The knowledge of the processes which lead to the formation and location of surficial gold placers is then used to guide exploration and target potential deposits, which can then be evaluated.
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Moses, Lucian Benedict. "Flotation as a separation technique in the coal gold agglomeration process." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2155.
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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Technikon, 2000.<br>Internationally, there is an increase in the need for safer environmental
processes that can be applied to mining operations, especially on a small
scale, where mercury amalgamation is the main process used for the
recovery of free gold. An alternative, more environmentally acceptable,
process called the Coal Gold Agglomeration (CGA) process has been
investigated at the Cape Technikon. This paper explains the application of
flotation as a means of separation for the CGA process.
The CGA process is based on the recovery of hydrophobic gold particles
from ore slurries into agglomerates formed from coal and oil. The
agglomerates are separated from the slurry through scraping, screening,
flotation or a combination of the aforementioned. They are then ashed to
release the gold particles, after which it is smelted to form gold bullion. All components were contacted for fifty minutes after which a frother was
added and after three minutes of conditioning, air, at a rate of one I/min
per cell volume was introduced into the system. The addition of a collector
(Potassium Amyl Xanthate) at the start of each run significantly improved
gold recoveries. Preliminary experiments indicated that the use of baffles
decreased the gold recoveries, which was concluded to be due to
agglomerate breakage. The system was also found to be frother-selective
and hence only DOW-200 was used in subsequent experiments. A
significant increase or decrease in the air addition rate both had a negative
effect on the recoveries; therefore, the air addition rate was not altered
during further tests. The use of tap water as opposed to distilled water
decreased the attainable recoveries by less than five per cent. This was a
very encouraging result, in terms of the practical implementation of the
CGA process.
19
DeLeon, Sarah Wade Dickinson. "Jewels of Responsibility from Mines to Markets:." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/65.
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Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) are important sources of income for impoverished rural populations in many developing countries. Poor labor and environmental conditions often prevail because governments lack the capacity and sometimes the will to responsibly control ASM. At the other end of the supply chain, corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies increasingly require jeweler’s suppliers to control social and environmental aspects of mining. In a sense, jewelry and mining corporations are voluntarily taking the issue of governance into their own hands. A combination of CSR and revenue-centric development strategies has the potential to further marginalize poor, rural populations who depend on ASM. It is therefore important to examine how ASM has been affected by global social responsibility trends, why it is often left out and to find ways that ASM populations can be successfully integrated into planning for sustainable development and socially responsible business. Gemstones and gold are economically the most important global commodities for ASM populations and precious colored gemstones are rarely mined on a large-scale. Ethnographic research was undertaken to explore how global social responsibility strategies interact with local realities of ASM colored gemstone and gold production. Burma, Madagascar and Colombia each present cases with clear interaction between global CSR trends and ASM, and combined provide a range of public policies with regards to rural populations who depend on ASM. Informal interviews and industry observations were conducted with a range of stakeholders in the global precious mineral trade and mineral development sector. Semi-structured interviews were recorded with key informants for each case study and these were triangulated with internal documents, press releases and articles. Burma illustrates a case where global CSR is attempting to halt ASM because of poor governance and human rights violations. Madagascar illustrates a case where governance and education are improving but widespread poverty and a legacy of corruption has so far prevented the direct integration of ASM into CSR strategies. In the case of Colombia, one region has successfully connected ASM with the global CSR dialogue by designing and implementing a certification program to effectively valorize and govern ASM production. Major findings reveal that (1) CSR in the mineral sector is a contentious and political issue with a range of stakeholder viewpoints; (2) a bottom-up, process-oriented approach can successfully drive economic and social improvement in ASM commodity chains; and (3) community empowerment, education, youth leadership and social networking appear to be key factors for driving production of ASM minerals that can comply with social and environmental standards.
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Xingwana, Lumkwana. "Management perceptions regarding skills shortages in gold mines." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007959.
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The skills shortages in mining and mineral sector had existed for a decade and had a widespread effect on South Africa economy. It affects the level of economic productivity and reduces the country’s capacity to develop a knowledge society. This, in turn, affects the country’s functioning in the global economy. Despite the sector’s best efforts, the shortages continue to grow and threaten the delivery of projects and growth plans. Some researchers contend with the view that the persistence of skills shortages in mining and mineral sector is largely due to entrenched attitudes among both the industry and the community. They claim that employers have the means to change the educational profile of the subsectors by appointing recruits with higher levels of schooling. However, owing to the limited number of higher educated people living in the communities surrounding the mining operations and lack of interest in mining of people with higher levels of education, to name but few, employers are perceived to have a habit of employing people with little skills. The current study was aimed at investigating the impact of skills shortage on organisational performance, propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability, from the management perceptive. The main objective of this study was to incorporate and embed previous research findings and theories into a comprehensive hypothetical model. A hypothetical model showed various factors that may influence skills shortage. Four independent variables (working environment, employment conditions, resources and education and training) were identified as variables that may influence skills shortage; and mediating variable (skills shortage) was also identified as a variable that have potential to affect dependent variables (organisational performance, propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability) of gold mining sector. Furthermore, eight hypotheses were developed to test the relationship between independent, mediating and dependent variables. All these variables were clearly defined and operationalized with various items obtained from measuring instruments used in other similar studies. A purposive sample of 343 respondents was drawn from the population. A seven-point Likert scale and structured questionnaire were administered in person to the respondents and of which 300 were usable and subjected further to several statistical analyses. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument was evaluated using significant effect p< = 0.001 and Pearson’s correlation test (α = 0.05). Data gathered were fed to and analysed by STATISTICA (version 10) and factor analysis and regression analyses were the statistical procedures used to test the significance of the relationships between the various independent and dependent variables. Consequently, working environment, resources and education and training were three independent variables that were identified as having ability to predict propensity to leave, competitive advantage and sustainability. An attempt was made to establish whether various demographic variables have an influence on mediating and dependent variables through the introduction of gender and position in the organisation while conducting an Analysis of Variance and Multiple linear regressions, but they obtained negative values. The conclusion is that demographic variables do not have over mediating and depended variables. The findings of this study states that with conducive working environment, availability of resources, the high levels of education and training, the country could produce skills that would reduce propensity to leave, drive competitive advantage and sustainability, innovation and entrepreneurship, create competitive advantages and boost employment sustainability.
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Davidson, Raymond John. "Innovations in gold extraction." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004975.
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The thesis takes the form of a collection of publications and patents concerning gold extraction which were presented over a period of 18 years while employed at the Anglo American Research Laboratories.
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Woodland, John George, and woodland@bigpond net au. "R. H. Bland and the Port Phillip and Colonial Gold Mining Company." La Trobe University. School of Historical and European Studies, 2002. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20041222.162756.
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There are numerous histories of the Victorian goldfields, individual digger�s experiences, and the digging community as a whole. By contrast, very little has been written about the early gold mining companies. This thesis seeks to address this dearth in part, with a longitudinal study of one of the leading gold mining companies in nineteenth-century Victoria. The Port Phillip and Colonial Gold Mining Company (�Port Phillip Company�) was one of many �gold bubble� companies formed in England during 1851-3 to undertake gold mining in Australia. Within a few years it was the only survivor of this episode of British corporate gold-fever. The thesis argues that the influence of Rivett Henry Bland, the company�s managing director, was instrumental in its success, particularly in its early years when faced with anti-company sentiment and unfavourable mining legislation. The company established a large-scale operation at Clunes in 1857, rapidly assuming a pre-eminent position in colonial gold mining with its superior technology and mining practices. Historians generally portray Australian gold mining operations as small, locally funded and inefficient, prior to British capital investment in the late 1880s. While true of the larger picture, this simply emphasises the uniqueness of the British-owned and funded Port Phillip Company, the largest and most efficient gold mining operation in Australia from 1857 until the early 1880s. The company and its investment offshoot, the Victoria (London) Mining Company, invested in over thirty Victorian gold mining companies during the 1860s. Again, this runs counter to the general view that British investment in Australian gold mining began only in the late 1880s. Although the two companies� investments equalled only a fraction of the later wave of British capital in absolute monetary terms, their contribution to the growth of the Victorian gold mining industry at the time was significant.
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Liu, Lilan. "An investigation of gold recovery in the grinding and gravity circuits at Les Mines Camchib Inc. /." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59895.
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This thesis presents a research program designed to evaluate the performance of the gold gravity circuit at Les Mines Camchib Inc.<br>A detailed sampling program was conducted on the grinding and gravity circuits. Samples were screened and each size class was processed on a Mozley Laboratory Separator to determine free gold content. The performance of pinched sluices, Knelson concentrators, and a riffleless table is characterized on the basis of particle size, shape and liberation of gold. The amount of total gold and free gold in each size class of grinding circuit streams was also determined.<br>The pinched sluices recover from 8 to 17% gold in 4.8 to 7.3% of the mass. The double sluice recovers slightly more gold at a higher yield than the single sluice. In addition, the double sluice performed better at a higher feed density.<br>The 76 cm (30") Knelson recovers 62 to 71% of the feed gold, at very high upgrading ratios (326 to 480). Free gold recovery is high, generally above 90% for all size classes. Gold recovery decreases when wash water pressure is lowered from 100 to 40 kPa; a 90 minute cycle time does not cause concentrate overload, i.e. decreased gold recovery.<br>The 19 cm (7.5") Knelson used in the gold room yielded 90% recovery. Reprocessing the tails in the same unit give only a marginal gold recovery, suggesting that a single pass is adequate. Fine gold losses on the riffleless table are significant, especially in $-$38 $ mu$m (400 mesh).
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Kille, J. Dee. "United by gold and glory : the making of mining culture in Goldfield, Nevada, 1906-1908 /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3311916.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008.<br>"May 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 457-464). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2009]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
25
Munro-Smith, Vera. "Chemical mineralogy of cobalt and gold in the Mt Isa block /." View thesis, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030826.124022/index.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Sc.) (Hons.) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1998.<br>Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science (Honours) in the University of Western Sydney. Bibliography : p. 100-105.
26
Rankine, Graham M. "Gold metallogeny of Australia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004676.
Full textAbstract:
The gold metallogeny of Australia is predominantly confined to the Archaean and Palaeozoic Provinces. The Archaean gold occurrences are predominantly hosted in ultramafic-mafic dominated greenstone belts, with less associated tofelsic-volcanic and sedimentary sequences. Most gold occurrences are confined to shear zones or faults, and adjacent discoveries of economic laterite-hosted deposits, host rocks. Recent are presently under investigation and will supply a significant proportion of production in the future. The Proterozoic gold deposits of Australia , are confined to geosyncinal sequences, commonly turbidites (eg: Telfer), with other hydrothermal deposits associated directly to granites. An important feature of the North Australian Craton deposits, is the spatial association of most deposits to granite bodies, although a genetic link has not been established conclusively. The Roxby Downs deposit in South Australia is a unique occurrence of gold in association to copper, uranium and R.E.E. This deposit is tentatively related to intraplate alkaline-magmatism, with further work necessary. The most significant recent discovery of gold mineralization in Australia is in the Drummond Basin in Queensland. This epithermal is tentatively related to mineralization within the Georgetown Inlier. The latter mineralization is Permo-Carboniferous, in a Proterozoic (and possibly Archaean) sequence of schists. It is tentatively suggested that all the gold mineralization in northern Queensland may be related to single tectonic event, a feature which requires further study . Other mineralization in the Phanerozoic includes the turbidite-hosted metamorphogenic deposits of Victoria, the rift related deposits in New South Wales and magmatic related deposits in Queensland. The gold deposits in Australia may in the future be classified in a tectonogeological framework, similiar to the layout of this dissertation, particularly once further data becomes available on recent discoveries.
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Chinyuku, Donald Tichaona. "The Kansanshi Cu-Au deposit, Domes region, Zambia : geology, mineralisation and alteration characteristics in the main pit." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011758.
Full textAbstract:
The Kansanshi Cu-Au deposit located in the Domes region of the North West province of Zambia is characterised by structurally controlled high angle veins and associated alteration halos. The northwest trending Kansanshi antiform flanks the Solwezi syncline to the north and hosts the Kansanshi deposit and consists of tillites and metasedimentary rocks. Mineralisation is associated with Neoproterozoic Pan African deformation events experienced during the formation of the Lufilian fold belt; however recent findings confirm that structures in the form of reverse and normal faults and drag folds are critical controls on mineralisation within the deposit, Main pit in particular. Low angle faults occurring below the current pit are believed to have served as major fluid pathways during mineralisation. Age dating data from the Kansanshi deposit suggest that mineralisation took place between 512 and 503 Ma indicating that the event was associated with metamorphism. Two types of alteration are dominant within the Main pit (Kansanshi deposit) with the type and intensity of alteration being largely controlled by lithological units. Albite alteration occurs dominantly in phyllites and schists whereas dolomitisation is prevalent in calcareous units. Alteration is associated with mineralisation, and therefore is used as a condition for predicting vein or disseminated mineralisation. The high Au tenor at Kansanshi can be attributed to gold grains occurring in association with melonite (NiTe₂) and microfractured pyrite intergrown with chalcopyrite in sulphide and quartz dominated veins and veinlets. Analysis of gold grade distribution within the Main pit shows a clear concentration of the element along the major north-south trending structures like the 4800 and 5400 zones, possibly through supergene enrichment in the oxide-transition-sulphide zones. It is imperative that exploration for Kansanshi-type deposits will require geochemical and geophysical studies, understanding of the geology of an area to identify the three lithostratigraphic units (red beds, evaporites and reducing strata).
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Spiegel, Samuel Jason. "Understanding operation Chikorokoza Chapera : the political ecology of 'formalising' Zimbabwe's gold and diamond mining sectors, 2006-2012." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283949.
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Akinpelu, Enoch Akinbiyi. "Bioremediation of gold mine wastewater using fusarium oxysporum." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/918.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Magister Technologiae: Chemical Engineering
in the Faculty of
Engineering
at the
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014<br>The legislative requirements for handling cyanide containing wastewater have become stringent internationally. Cyanide properties make it indispensable in the mining industry especially for gold recovery. The resultant wastewater generated is discarded to tailing ponds. Any leakages or total collapse of tailing ponds can result in the contamination of surface water bodies; endangering aquatic organisms’ and humans’ alike. The over reliance on physical and/or chemical treatment methods for cyanide wastewater treatment is not sustainable due to high input costs and the generation of by-products. A feasible alternative treatment method for cyanide contaminated wastewater is the biodegradation method, as a wide range of microorganisms can degrade cyanide. In this study, the cyanide biodegradation ability of Fusarium oxysporum was assessed in two stages. Firstly, optimal operating conditions for maximum cyanide biodegradation were determined using a central composite design (CCD) at an elevated cyanide concentration, i.e. 500 mg F-CN/L. Thereafter, using the optimum conditions obtained, (i.e temperature 22°C and pH 11), cyanide biodegradation kinetics and microbial growth kinetics in the cultures at lower cyanide concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 mg F-CN/L were assessed. This was followed by the assessment of cyanide biodegradation at a temperature of 5°C, which was used to simulate winter conditions. In general, lower cyanide concentrations are used in the extraction of gold, therefore, the resultant wastewater will contain free cyanide concentration less than 300 mg F-CN/L.
For the first stage of experiments, an isolate, Fusarium oxysporum from cyanide containing pesticides was cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates, followed by incubation at 25°C for 5 days. A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate design parameters for the biodegradation of cyanide by this fungus. The temperature evaluated at this stage ranged from 9°C to 30°C and pH range of 6 to 11 in cultures solely supplemented with agrowaste, i.e Beta vulgaris waste. Beta vulgaris is commonly known as Beetroot. The Fusarium oxysporum inoculum (2% v/v) was grown on a Beta vulgaris waste solution (20% v/v), as the sole carbon source in a synthetic gold mine wastewater (39% v/v) containing heavy metals; arsenic (7.1 mg/L), iron (4.5 mg/L), copper (8 mg/L), lead (0.2 mg/L) and zinc (0.2 mg/L), for 48 hours using a rotary shaker at 70 rpm. Thereafter, free cyanide as a potassium cyanide solution (39% v/v), was added to the cultures to make a final cyanide concentration of 500 mg F-CN/L in the culture medium which was incubated for a further 72 hours at 70 rpm. Optimal operating conditions for the biodegradation of cyanide were then determined using a numerical option in the Design-Expert® software version 6.0.8 (Stat-Ease Inc., USA).
Subsequently, using the optimal pH obtained (pH =11) and a preselected temperature of 5°C (to represent winter conditions), cyanide biodegradation rates and microbial growth kinetic studies were carried out using Beta vulgaris waste containing a Fusarium oxysporum (0.7% v/v; grown overnight) inoculum in wastewater (32.7% v/v) and potassium cyanide in phosphate buffer (53.7% v/v). The cultures contained 100, 200 and 300 mg F-CN/L. The cultures were incubated in an orbital shaker at 70 rpm for 144 hours and samples taking every 24 hours. An Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) solver (Polymath) was used for modelling cyanide degradation kinetics while the Monod’s growth kinetic model was used to monitor the microbial growth parameters of the cultures.
For the first stage, the optimum operating conditions were determined as a temperature of 22°C and a pH of 11 for maximum cyanide biodegradation of 277 mg F-CN/L from an initial cyanide concentration of 500 mg F-CN/L over a 72 hour period, with residual ammonium-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen of 150 mg NH4+-N/L and 37 mg NO3--N/L, respectively. Although, the residual ammonium-nitrogen inhibited cyanide biodegradation, it was consumed as a nitrogen source for microbial growth. The Beta vulgaris waste was determined to be a suitable substrate for cyanide degradation.
From the biodegradation response quadratic model, temperature was determined to influence cyanide biodegradation. For the cyanide degradation kinetics, at an optimum temperature of 22°C, the biodegradation efficiency was 77%, 58% and 62% with the corresponding maximum microbial population of 1.56 x 107, 1.55 x 107 and 1.57 x 107 CFU/mL for 100, 200 and 300 mg F-CN/L, being achieved. An indication that the F. oxysporum cultures were efficient at lower cyanide concentration. Furthermore, at a temperature of 5°C, the biodegradation efficiency, although slightly lower, was 51%, 43% and 44% with the corresponding maximum microbial population of 1.21 x107, 1.11 x 107 and 1.12 x 107 CFU/mL for 100, 200 and 300 mg F-CN/L cultures, respectively, with minimal differences observed for cultures with 200 and 300 mg F-CN/L. The cyanide biodegradation rates increased with temperature increases and varied with different cyanide concentrations below 500 mg F-CN/L. The estimated energy of activation for cyanide degradation for a change in temperature from 5°C to 22°C using the Arrhenius model was 19.6, 12.7 and 14.9 kJ/mol for 100, 200 and 300 mg F-CN/L, respectively. The means and standard deviations for rate of degradation of cyanide at 5°C and 22°C for the ODE models was 0.0052 (± 0.0011) h-1 and 0.0084 (± 0.0027) h-1, respectively.
The inhibitory effect of the cyanide was quantitatively pronounced under cold temperature as the heavy metals, residual ammonium-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen hindered the cyanide degradation. Similarly, microbial growth rates increased with a temperature rise (from 5°C to 22°C), resulting with a reduction in the microbial populations’ doubling time. When compared with the simulated winter conditions, the specific population growth rate increased 4-fold, 5-fold and 6-fold in 100, 200 and 300 mg F-CN/L, respectively, for higher temperatures; an indication that the Fusarium oxysporum isolate prefers higher temperature. The estimated energy of activation for cellular respiration was 44.9, 54 and 63.5 kJ/mol for 100, 200 and 300 mg F-CN/L cultures, respectively, for the change in temperature from 5°C to 22°C. The means and standard deviations of microbial growth rate at 5°C and 22°C were: 0.0033 (± 0.0013) h-1 and 0.0151 (± 0.0027) h-1, respectively. The difference in error (standard deviation) of the cyanide biodegradation rate and microbial growth rate was insignificant (0.02% at 5°C) especially at temperature 22°C where there were minimal differences, indicating the reliability and reproducibility of this biodegradation system in batch operated bioreactors.
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Reddy, Sumanth G. "A Comparative Analysis of Diseases Associated with Mining and Non-Mining Communities: A Case Study of Obusai and Asankrangwa, Ghana." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4839/.
Full textAbstract:
Disease prevalence varies with geographic location. This research pursues a medical geographic perspective and examines the spatial variations in disease patterns between Obuasi, a gold mining town and Asankrangwa, a non gold mining town in Ghana, West Africa. Political ecology/economy and the human ecology frameworks are used to explain the prevalence of diseases. Mining alters the environment and allows disease causing pathogens and vectors to survive more freely than in other similar environments. Certain diseases such as upper respiratory tract infections, ear infections, sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS and syphilis, certain skin diseases and rheumatism and joint pains may have a higher prevalence in Obuasi when compared to Asankrangwa due to the mining in Obuasi.
31
Cline, Jean Schroeder 1948. "The sixteen-to-one epithermal silver-gold deposit, Esmeralda County, Nevada: a wall rock alteration and fluid inclusion study." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558052.
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Siegel, Shefa. "The needs of miners: political ethics, mercury abatement, and intervention in artisanal gold mining communities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/435.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the role of donor-funded international projects to reduce mercury pollution from artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASM). ASM is the second largest source of anthropogenic global mercury pollution, accounting for roughly 1000tonnes of atmospheric emissions and releases to the environment per annum. The artisanal mining economy involves 10-15 million people across the developing world, and supports 80-100 million people directly and indirectly. In 2003 the Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Program reached consensus that there is sufficient scientific evidence to trigger an international response to global mercury pollution, including the pollution generated by ASM. Yet thus far most international interventions have concentrated on environmental monitoring and assessment, while virtually no efforts have focused on implementing solutions. The aim of this dissertation is to move global mercury policy for ASM past its emphasis on assessments. It does this by developing a philosophical and strategic policy framework to guide future interventions by international institutions. A brief history of global mercury policy is provided, illustrating how ASM has been neglected and examining divisions between ecocentric and technocentric theories of environmental intervention. The relationship between ASM and poverty is examined, reaching the conclusion that because artisanal gold mining is a form of upward mobility for the world's extreme poor, the idea of reducing mercury pollution by redirecting miners into alternative livelihoods is unrealistic; indeed gold itself is the alternative livelihood. Using case studies collected in the field, the issue of conflict over property rights between artisanal miners and large-scale mining companies is explored, and a risk mitigation framework presented to assist companies to coexist with artisanal miners. Finally, a new approach to international intervention is proposed based on three interdependent principles of formalization, capitalization, and education. A plan is developed for directing more expertise and financial resources to the field, and more effectively meeting the needs of miners. Specific recommendations include a rapid assessment methodology to select project sites, and improving operational linkages among public and private institutions.
33
Wessels, Deon. "The transformation of the South African gold-mining corporate culture." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53687.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Corporate cu~ure is the foundation of businesses today and in every way underties the way
business is done. The discovery and subsequent mining of gold during the last century
have shaped the gold-mining corporate cu~re; it gave birth to racial segregation and laid
the foundation of the system in which the industry finds itse~ today. The purpose of this
study is to uncover the deeper patterns of corporate cu~ure that drive visible behaviour and
attitudes. Once the root metaphor or main undertying assumptions of the gold-mining
corporate cutture have been determined, a process of multilevel, frame-breaking, radical
transformation can be initiated.
A 'paradigm interplay' approach, which describes cu~re as an explicit variable and an
implicit root metaphor, was adopted. Within this frameworK the study aims to explore
concepts and meanings of corporate cu~re in a hermeneutic fashion by uncovering the
human, expressive, symbolic texture of life in a gold mine. The frameworK provided a way
of thinking about organisations, not to present 1001s' or 'methods' for managing or
transforming culture, but to think culturally and holistically about the process of
transformation. An in-depth investigation into Schein's 'three levels of cu~re' model was
necessary in order to derive at the core transformational aspect of the gold-mining
corporate culture. An analysis of Schein's model indicated that behavioural characteristics
are shaped and determined by undertying values, beliefs and attitudes, which are shared
among members of the organisation. If not espoused, these in turn rest upon sets of
undertying assumptions that are the innermost core of corporate cu~re. One such a se~
the nature of human relationships, had been identified as the main undertying theme
behind the vested interests as well as ingrained paradigms that exist on both sides of a
racially divided workforce. The historical background of the industry and cultural
perceptions created a shared assumption set that shaped these deep-rooted, embedded
mindsets, affecting human relationships significantly. The study made it clear that any
transformation attempt could be possible only when one goes deeper than the stated
values and norms to understand the undertying assumptions and the true nature of human
relationships that drive the visible behaviour and attttudes. The central dimension of this
study, the nature of human relationships, referred to the opposing concepts of individualism versus communalism. These opposing paradigms are manifested in the two
main management approaches or corporate cultures that exist in South Africa. Many
suggested that the acknowledgement and utilisation of the Afrocentric value system,
Ubuntu, alongside a Westem individualistic corporate culture are imperative to improve
relationships in general and promote humanism. This study proposed that the humane
spirit of Ubuntu, a spirit of trus~ caring and respect for human dignity, should be 'married'
with the Westem approach to management instead of Ubuntu being adopted as a single
framework that may be perceived negatively by the current business community. Thinking
culturally', the purpose phrase of this study, succeeded therefore in abandoning the eitheror
kind of thinking in favour of a more holistic 'both-and' way of doing. A desired culture of
trust, honesty, openness, integrity and non-<liscrimination are sought after - a morally and
ethically acceptable corporate culture where empowered employees are inspired rather
than driven.
Transformation is about the intellectual, social, spiritual and, most important, the
emotional resources of the organisation. The 'senses of awareness' that are
fundamental to the spirit of Ubuntu, originate from an understanding of our own
emotions and secondly the emotions of others. Emotional intelligence is emerging as a
major contributor to self-regu lation and is a crucial ingredient of the transformation
process of the gold-mining corporate cu~ure .
The study recommends the process of transformation can be initiated by creating a focal
even~ a moment of concem about the current predicament in which the organisation or,
more importa~ the individual finds itse~lhimse~. An act of confrontation may provide a
moment of insight that will lead to a reinterpretation of historical and current events. In the
process of insight or reflection an increase in seW-knowledge is gained that leads to a new
beginning. This study calls for a willingness to change, a motivation to "switch cognitive
gears' from an automatic haM of mind to active, conscious reflection of what is right and
what is wrong. ~ also calls upon the individual to make the gold mines and South Africa a
better place in which to work and live.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die organisasiekultuur van 'n maatskappy is nie alleen die "gom" wat die
besigheidsinstelling en sy onderafdelings bind nie, maar in 'n hoe mate ook die
onderliggende rede waarom die besigheidsinstelling bestaan. Die punt sal aan die hand
van die goudmynbedryf geillustreer word. Die ontdekking en gepaardgaande ekstraksie
van goud gedurende die laaste eeu het die organisasiekultuur van die mynwese
gevorm. Dit het help beslag gee aan rasse segregasie en het die grondslag gelê vir die
sisteem waarin die industrie homself bevind. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die dieper
aspekte van organisasiekultuur bloot te Iê - aspekte wat optrede en die sigbare
gesindheid aandryf. Die grondliggende paradigma, kern metafore en aannames van die
goudmyn industrie sal daarom eers bepaal moet word voordat 'n radikale
transformasieproses geinisieer kan word. 'n Benadering van "paradigma wisselwerking"
("tussenspel") is gevolg waarvolgens kultuur beskryf word as 'n eksplisiete verandelike
en 'n implisiete kern metafoor. Binne hierdie raamwerk word konsepte en betekenisse
van organisasiekultuur binne 'n hermeneutiese metodiek ondersoek. Die doel daarvan is
om die menslike, ekspressiewe en simboliese tekstuur van lewenswyse binne die
goudmynbedryf te interpreteer. Die raamwerk verskaf 'n denkwyse oor organisasies wat
nie daarop gerig is om spesifieke metodes of stappe daar te stel vir die bestuur of
transformasie van organisasiekultuur nie. Die doelwit is om kultureel en holisties te dink
oor die proses van transformasie.
'n Indiepte ondersoek van Schein se 'drie vlakke' van kultuur was noodsaaklik om die
kern transformasie aspek van die Suid Afrikaanse goudmyn kultuur te ontrafel. Daar is
bevind dat gedragseienskappe gevorm en bepaal word deur die gesamentlike
onderliggende waardes, oortuigings en gesindhede van lede van 'n organisasie. Hierdie
eienskappe skakel in by 'n reeks onderliggende aannames wat die binneste kern van
organisasiekultuur uitmaak. Die aard van menslike verhoudings, 'n onderliggende
aanname, is ge"identifiseer as die hoofonderliggende tema agter die bestaande belange
sowel as die ingewortelde paradigmas wat bestaan aan beide kante van die rasverdeelde
werksmag. Die historiese agtergrond van die industrie en die kulturele
persepsies het 'n gedeelde reeks aannames daargestel wat diep-gewortelde denkpatrone en denkgietsels gevorm het en wat menslike verhoudings aansienlik
beinvloed. Die studie maak duidelik dat enige transformasiepoging alleenlik moontliik is
indien daar dieper as die bepaalde waardes en norme gedelf word om die
onderliggende aannames en denkwyses asook die aard van menslike verhoudings te
bepaal wat die sigbare optrede en gesindheid van mense dryf.
Die sentraie dimensie van die studie, naamlik die aard van menslike verhoudings, berus
op die opponerende konsepte van individualisme en kommunalisme. Hierdie twee
konsepte, en die paradigmas wat hulle aandui, word gemanifesteer in die twee hoof
bestuursraamwerke van organisasiekultuur wat in Suid Afrika bestaan. Baie navorsers
suggereer dat die erkenning en gebruikmaking van die Afrosentriese waardesisteem,
Ubuntu, naas 'n westerse individualistiese organisasiekultuur, noodsaaklik is om 'n
outentieke humanisme, en verhoudinge in die algemeen te bevorder. Die studie stel
voor dat die humane (mens-georianteerde) gees van Ubuntu, 'n gees van vertroue,
omgee en respek vir menswaardigheid, saamgesnoer word met die westerse
benadering tot bestuur, in plaas daarvan om Ubuntu as 'n enkele raamwerk aan te neern
wat dalk negatief waargeneem kan word deur die moderne sakesektor. Die kulturele
denkwyse wat gegenereer is in hierdie studie het dus geslaag daarin om die 'of-die-eenof-
die-ander' denkwyse te vervang met 'n meer holistiese 'en-en' manier van dink en
doen. 'n Kultuur van vertroue, opregtheid, integriteit en geen diskriminasie is
noodsaaklik, ofte wel 'n morele en eties aanvaarbare organisasiekultuur waar
bemagtigde werkers geinspireer word eerder as gedryf word. Transformasie is gemoeid
met die intellektuele, sosiale, spirituele en van groot belang, die emosionele hulpbronne
van 'n organisasie. Die aksent op selfbewussyn, wat fundamenteel is vir die gees van
Ubuntu, word gegenereer deur 'n verstaan van ons eie emosies, en tweedens die
verstaan van die emosies van ander. Emosionele intelligensie het onlangs te voerskyn
gekom as 'n belangrike bydraer tot self-regulasie. Dit is 'n beslissende bestanddeel in
die transformasieproses van die organisasiekultuur van die goudmynbedryf. Die studie
stel voor dat die transformasieproses geinisieer kan word deur 'n spesifieke gebeurtenis
wat die fokus word, 'n oomblik van besorgdheid rakende die huidige predikament waarin
die industrie of meer belangrik, die individu homself/haarself bevind. Konfrontasie is selfs nodig vir 'n ontwikkeling van 'n oomblik van insig wat aanleiding kan gee tot 'n reinterpretasie
van historiese en huidige gebeure. Tydens die proses van insig of
nabetragting word 'n toename in selfkennis opgedoen wat lei tot 'n nuwe begin.
Die studie vestig die aandag op 'n noodsaaklikheid van 'n verandering van gesindheid
en aanvaarding van die eis tot verandering. Dit sluit in 'n verbintenis om kognitiewe
'ratte' te verander vanaf 'n outomatiese sienswyse na 'n aktiewe, bewuste refleksie van
wat is reg en wat is verkeerd. Dan kan die goudmyne en Suid Afrika in geheel 'n beter
plek gemaak word om in te leef en te werk.
34
Willis, Bruce L. "The environmental effects of the Yukon Gold Rush, 1896-1906, alterations to land, destruction of wildlife, and disease." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq28687.pdf.
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Buck, Malcolm K. "An economic analysis of gold supply in the Province of Quebec /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63783.
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Ciciliano, Dylan. "Three essays on the economics of mining in Elko and Eureka counties." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1453198.
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Gray, Matthew Dean 1933. "Gold mineralization in the Black Cloud #3 carbonate replacement orebody, Leadville Mining District, Lake County, Colorado." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558083.
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Warren, Sean N. "Empirical Ground Support Recommendations and Weak Rock Mass Classification for Underground Gold Mines in Nevada, USA." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10126161.
Full textAbstract:
<p> Ground conditions at underground gold mines in Nevada range from good to extremely poor and implementing the most appropriate ground support can be challenging. Existing empirical ground support design methods were developed predominantly from experience in tunneling or more competent ground, making them less applicable to underground gold mining in Nevada. This research presents empirically derived support guidelines from experience at 5 underground gold mines in Nevada, including: discussions with engineers and miners, review of ground control management plans and consulting documents, and roughly 400 ground control case-studies. Support design recommendations are based on the Weak-Rock Mass Rating (W-RMR) which is a modified Rock Mass Rating (RMR) classification incorporating the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) for very weak rock masses. Ground support recommendations include rock bolt pattern support pressure, rock bolt length category, excavation surface support, and excavation strategy.</p>
39
Haggar, Jenny E. "A comparison of subsistence patterns at two eastern Alaska WAMCATS stations." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1453580.
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Sibbick, Steven John Norman. "The distribution and behaviour of gold in soils in the vicinity of gold mineralization, Nickel Plate mine, southern British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28862.
Full textAbstract:
Sampling of soils and till are conventional methods of gold exploration in glaciated regions. However, the exact nature of the residence sites and behaviour of gold within soil and till are poorly known. A gold dispersion train extending from the Nickel Plate mine, Hedley, southwest British Columbia, was investigated in order to determine the distribution and behaviour of gold within soils developed from till.
Three hundred and twelve soil, till and humus samples (representing LFH, A, B and C horizons) were collected from fifty-two soil pits and thirty-four roadcut locations within the dispersion train. Soil and till samples were sieved into four size fractions; the resultant -212 micron (-70 mesh) fraction of each sample was analysed for Au by FA-AAS. Humus samples were ground to -100 micron powder and analysed for Au by INAA. Based on the analytical results, each LFH, A, B and C horizon was subdivided into anomalous and background populations.
Detailed size and density fraction analysis was carried out on soil profiles reflecting anomalous and background populations, and a mixed group of samples representing the overlap between both populations. Samples were sieved to six size fractions; three of the size fractions (-420+212, -212+106, -106+53 microns) were separated into two density fractions using methylene iodide and analysed for Au by FA-AAS. The Au content of the -53 micron fraction was analysed by FA-AAS and cyanide extraction - AAS.
Results indicate that the Au content of soil profiles increase with depth while decreasing with distance from the minesite. Heavy mineral concentrates and the light mineral fraction Au abundances reveal that dilution by a factor of 3.5 occurs within the till over a distance of 800 metres. However, free gold within the heavy mineral fraction is both diluted and comminuted with distance. Recombination of size and density fractions indicate that the Au contents of each size fraction are equivalent; variation in Au abundance is not observed with a change in grain size. Seventy percent of the Au in the -53 micron fraction occurs as free gold.
Chemical activity has not altered the composition of gold grains within the soil profiles. Compositional and morphological differences between gold grains are not indicative of glacial transport distance or location within the soil profile. Relative abundances of gold grains between sample locations can be used as an indicator of proximity to the minesite. The sampling medium with the best sample representivity and contrast between anomalous and background populations is the -53 micron (-270 mesh) fraction of the C horizon. Geochemical soil sampling programs in the vicinity of the Nickel Plate mine should collect a minimum mass of 370 grams of -2000 micron (-2 mm) soil fraction in order to obtain 30 grams of the -53 micron fraction.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of<br>Graduate
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Caballero, Evelyn. "Gold from the gods : traditional small-scale miners in the Philippines." Thesis, Quezon City : Giraffe Books, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9338.
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Bond, Jeffrey David. "Late Cenozoic history of McQuesten map area, Yukon Territory, with applications to placer gold research." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21154.pdf.
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Heiser, Jens Helmuth. "Business model innovation ensuring success for DRDGOLD in the declining gold mining industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97266.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: DRDGOLD is a mining company forming part of the declining South African gold industry. During
the turn of the century, the opportunity to innovate the business model arose. Without proactive
intent, DRDGOLD tapped into the opportunity and revised their business model with great success.
The success is evident in the improvement of headline earnings from 2002 to 2012.
To discuss the changes to the business model, the author conducted a literature review on
business models and innovation. From the review, the author selected the Osterwalder Business
Model Canvas as the most suitable framework to discuss the changes of the business model. The
Osterwalder Business Model includes the business-centric approach and is thus favoured for this
discussion. First, the business model was populated with the information to have a comprehensible
business model, and secondly, the changes to the business model were identified.
The information for the study was sourced from public company documentation, mainly annual
reports, secondary sources like Datamonitor, and interviews with four members of the leadership
team. The four interviewees were Niel Pretorius, chief executive officer (CEO), Kobus Dissel group
financial manager, Charles Symons, chief operating officer (COO), and Craig Barnes, chief
financial officer (CFO). The four members had a long-standing relationship with the company and
were part of the change process that took place at the company.
The period before the study made the business model innovation possible. Firstly, the long mining
history around Johannesburg produced the mine dumps that formed the core resource of the
operations. Secondly, the craze to buy anything that looks like gold during the end of the 1990s
introduced DRDGOLD to the surface retreatment operations with the purchase of Crown.
The environment of the operations started to change, not only the operating environment, but also
the other stakeholders. The importance of the community grew, the dividend yield to the
shareholder increased in importance, the engagement with the regulators changed to a proactive
engagement, and the environment was managed for a long-term perspective.
The risks and returns for DRDGOLD started to misalign. The risk of pursuing the underground
operations further increased considerably and unintentionally drove the costs up. Within the
context of South Africa, the returns of underground operations started to erode as unscheduled
stoppages increased. These stoppages were caused by events outside the control of the company,
for example power failures, seismic activities and labour unrest. DRDGOLD repositioned itself as a
factory that has a high throughput in material on a 24/7-operation rooster. The yields are
significantly lower than the underground operations, but the risk of the new setup is also reduced
greatly. Seismic activity does not impact the operations anymore. The production time of the
operations has increased with less unscheduled stoppages. DRDGOLD changed to have itself valued on the discounted cash flow (DCF) method. The
company’s share price is now valued on the DCF method based on the operational revenues. This
is contrary to the gold mining industry valuation of South African mines. These mines are mainly
valued on the reserves statement multiplied by the commodity price. The share price of DRDGOLD
is heavily leveraged on the spot price of gold and the exchange rate of the South African Rand
(ZAR) to the United States Dollar (US$). Any movement in these two indicators will have a
significant impact on the share price.
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Mujdrica, Stefan. "Gold-bearing volcanic breccia complexes related to carboniferous-permian magmatism, North Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005577.
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Gold-bearing volcanic breccia complexes are the major sources of gold in the Tasman Fold Belt System in north Queensland. The Tasman Fold Belt System represents the site of continental accretion as a series of island-arcs and intra-arc basins with accompanying thick sedimentation, volcanism, plutonism, tectonism and mineralisation. In north Queensland, the fold belt system comprises the Hodgkinson-Broken River Fold Belt, Thomson Fold Belt, New England Fold Belt and the Georgetown Inlier. The most numerous ore deposits are associated with calc-alkaline volcanics and granitoid intrusivesof the transitional tectonic stage of the fold belt system. The formation and subsequent gold mineralisation of volcanic breccia complexes are related to Permo-Carboniferous magmatism within the Thomson Fold Belt and Georgetown Inlier. The two most important producing areas are at Mount Leyshon and Kidston mines, which are high tonnage, low-grade gold deposits. The Mount Leyshon breccia complex was emplaced along the contact between CambroOrdovician metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks, and Ordovician-Devonian I-type granitoids of the Lolworth-Ravenswood Block. The Kidston breccia complex is located on a major lithological contact between the Early to Middle Proterozoic . Einasleigh Metamorphics and the Silurian-Devonian Oak River Granodiorite. The principal hosts to the gold mineralisation at the Mount Leyshon and Kidston deposits, are breccia pipes associated with several episodes of porphyry intrusives. The goldbearing magmatic-hydrothermal and phreatomagmatic breccias post-date the development of a porphyry-type protore. The magmatic-hydrothermal breccias were initially emplaced without the involvement of meteoric-hydrothermal fluids, within a closed system. Later magma impulses reached higher levels in the cooled upper magma chamber, where meteoric water invaded the fracture system. This produced an explosive emplacement of phreatomagmatic breccias, as seen at Mount Leyshon. Widespread sericitisation and pyrite mineralisation are common, with cavity fill, disseminated and fracturelveincontrolled gold and base metal sulphides. The Kidston and Mount Leyshon breccia complexes have hydrothermal alteration and mineralisation characteristics of the 'Lowell-Guilbert Model'. However, the argillic zone is generally not well defined. The gold travelled as chloride complexes with the hydrothermal fluids before being deposited into cavities and fractures of the breccias. Later stage epithermal deposits formed at the top of the breccia complexes that were dominantly quartz-adularia-sericite-type. The erosion, collapse and further intrusion of later porphyry phases allowed the upper parts of the breccia complexes to mix with the lower hydrothermal systems. Exploration for gold-related volcanic breccia complexes is directed at identifying hydrothermal alteration. This is followed by detailed ground studies including geological, mineralogical, petrological and geochemical work, with the idea of constructing a 'model' that can be tested with subsequent subsurface work (e.g. drilling). Geomorphology, remote sensing, geochemistry, geophysics, petrology, isotopes and fluid inclusions are recommended exploration techniques for the search of gold-bearing volcanic breccia complexes. Spectral remote sensing has especially become an important tool for the detection of hydrothermal alteration. Clay and iron minerals of the altered rock, within the breccia complexes, have distinctive spectral characteristics that can be recognisable in multispectral images from the Landsat thematic mapper. The best combination of bands, when using TM remote sensing for hydrothermally altered rock, are 3/5/7 or 4/5/7. The breccia complexes have exploration signatures represented as topographic highs, emplaced within major structural weaknesses, associated I-type granitic batholiths, early potassic alteration with overprint of sericitic alteration, and an associated radiometric high and magnetic low. The exploration for gold-bearing volcanic breccia complex deposits cannot be disregarded, because of the numerous occurrences that are now the major gold producers in north Queensland.
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De, Klerk Ian Duncan. "The nature and origin of gold mineralization in the Tugela valley, Natal Structural and Metamorphic Province." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005591.
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The project area is situated within the Tugela Valley, located in the Northern Marginal Zone of the Natal Structural and Metamorphic Province, and this work outlines the different styles of gold mineralization found in the Tugela Valley. Two different styles have been recognized and both have economic significance:- 1) Epigenetic shear zone-hosted gold occurs in late-stage relatively undeformed thin quartz veins confined to shear zones, and is present in both the greenschist facies Natal Thrust Belt and the amphibolite facies Natal Nappe Complex. However the vast majority of these occurrences are concentrated within the thrust front (i.e. the Natal Thrust Belt). The gold grades (up to 7 g/t) and the hydrothermal alteration assemblages associated with the epigenetic deposits have been documented. 2) An as yet unrecognized occurrence of syngenetic gold mineralization is found associated with the sediment-hosted exhalative massive, to semi-massive, sulphides of the iThuma prospect, located within the amphibolite facies Natal Nappe Complex. Here gold (up to 3 g/t) is concentrated together with the main sulphide are, as well as some gold enrichment (230ppb) in the hydrothermally altered footwall feeder pipe. It is proposed that the epigenetic mineralization was formed as a consequence of the northward directed abduction of the major thrust slices of the Natal Nappe Complex. This increased the permeability of the rocks and provided channelways for the focussing of fluids. Deposition took place at the thrust front where metamorphic hydrothermal fluids interacted with meteoric water.
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Dunn, Robin. "Plurigaussian Simulation of rocktypes using data from a gold mine in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2011. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/390.
Full textAbstract:
Stochastic simulation of rocktypes, or the geometry of the geology, is a major area of continuing research as earth scientists seek a better understanding of an orebody as a precursor to the assignment of continuous rock properties, allowing more economically appropriate decisions regarding mine planning. This thesis analyses the suitability of particular geostatistical rock type modelling algorithms when applied to the five rocktypes evident in drill hole data from the Big Bell gold mine near Cue, Western Australia. The background of the geostatistical theory is considered, in particular the concept of the random function model and the link between the categorical statistics determined from the drill hole data and the three models used for estimation and simulation. The commonly applied indicator kriging (IK) and sequential indicator simulation (SIS) algorithms are compared in a non-sedimentary gold deposit environment to the more computationally demanding and more complex plurigaussian simulation (PGS). Comparisons between the three models are made by examining global and regional rocktype (lithotype) proportions of the outputs of the models, both visually and empirically. The models are validated by considering the contacts which occur in reality between different lithotypes and the proportion of contacts which do not conform to this reality in each of the models. This „inadmissible contact‟ ratio measures the short range validity of the estimation and simulation techniques. Finally, cores taken from the output of the models are compared to the drill hole data in terms of transition proportions between the twenty five possible transitions for the five lithotypes. Inadmissible contacts were at a minimum with PGS, and the visual and empirical natures of the PGS output were closely linked to the reality of the drill hole data. Whilst each model produced similar 3D images, PGS was a realistic balance between the clustering effect produced by IK and the fine mosaic effect from SIS. The PGS output numerically outperformed the other two models in terms of admissible contacts and connectivity, most closely matching the drill hole data. All results indicate that, whilst demanding to implement, PGS produces the most adequate model of the study region.
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Xingwana, Lumkwana. "The impact of organisational culture on gold mining activities in the Free state." Thesis, Welkom Research Collection: CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, FREE STATE, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/216.
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Thesis (M. Comm.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007<br>From the Stone Age, each nation or group of people has had a distrust of those different from themselves. This is evidenced in various ways, for example, social welfare given to local residents only, scornful names given to foreigners and other ethnic groups and rituals designed to keep themselves separate from others. These incidents of diversity resulted into an unplanned and emergent set of norms, values and beliefs that exert enormous influence on the way in which an organisation operates, how organisational structure is developed, the integration and adaptation of internal and external relationships, as well as the orientation of the underlying values of the organisation.
The main aim of changing culture is to improve organisational performance. To achieve this aim, it requires an understanding of the underlying assumptions and values that determine what is important in an organisation as well as assessment of the impact of culture on operational efficiency. The impact of organisational culture is identified through the negative and positive outcomes of mining activities, and is illustrated by employee satisfaction, job commitment, organisational loyalty, turnover, absenteeism and productivity.
The aim of this research study was to identify the characteristics of organisational culture and evaluate the impact of organisational culture on gold mining activities in the Free State. The methodology used in this study comprises of empirical as well as a literature study. Questionnaires and interviews were used to gather information for the empirical study.
The empirical study revealed that firstly, organisational culture is created partially by leaders, and that one of the most critical functions of leadership is the creation and the management of culture. Lastly, organisational culture emerges when employees think, believe and act according to the pressures and priorities of their environment. Unfortunately, employees do not set aside their cultural values and lifestyle preferences when they come to work. It is the responsibility of the management to create an environment that is conducive to a healthy working environment.
This study established that the necessity to control the workforce productivity need not be accompanied by ruthless or aggressive exploitation of cultural management, but by reliance on employees’ capability to exercise judgement to cope effectively with environmental uncertainty. Rules, norms and strategies developed cannot “fit” every circumstance but encourage conformity rather than creativity, and compliance rather than commitment.
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Barna, Benjamin T. "A material culture of making do adapting to the Great Depression in the Rabbithole Mining District /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1453187.
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Van, Heerden Jacobus Hendrik Francois. "Direct measurement of pore fluid suction in gold mine tailings." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09212005-135324/.
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"Subcontracting in gold mining: Western Deep Level Mine, Carletonville." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1334.
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M.A.<br>This project examines the phenomenon of subcontracting as it occurs in the gold mining industry in South Africa. The point of departure for the researcher is that subcontracting is not something totally new in the gold mining industry. What seems to be new is the manner in which it is currently used and this could be attributed to variety of factors, which have made reliance on permanent workforce not viable for the employers. Downscaling and large-scale retrenchments have become the order of the day. This happens at a time when there is an unprecedented increase in the number of subcontract workers. This has raised concerns among organised labour who, feel that such form of atypical employment is meant to undermine the gains of the labour movement has gained over the years. Such perception is made even more real by the decline in labour standards. Contractors actively discourage their employees from joining trade unions. Subcontract workers are paid wages as low as R700 a month, while they are forced to work under dangerous conditions. Their terms of contracts are unilaterally changed without any consultation and they can be easily dismissed without any warning, in some cases dismissed for being injured at work. Tensions mount between subcontract and permanent workers as the latter view the former as a threat to their job security. All this makes subcontracting an interesting area of study and this is even made more so by the fact that little has been done to investigate subcontracting in South Africa's gold mines.<br>Prof. Peter. Alexander