Academic literature on the topic 'Gold mines and mining'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gold mines and mining"
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Lyatuu, Isaac, Mirko S. Winkler, Georg Loss, Andrea Farnham, Dominik Dietler, and Günther Fink. "Estimating the mortality burden of large scale mining projects—Evidence from a prospective mortality surveillance study in Tanzania." PLOS Global Public Health 1, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): e0000008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000008.
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We set up a mortality surveillance system around two of the largest gold mines in Tanzania between February 2019 and February 2020 to estimate the mortality impact of gold mines. Death circumstances were collected using a standardized verbal autopsy tool, and causes of death were assigned using the InSilicoVA algorithm. We compared cause-specific mortality fractions in mining communities with other subnational data as well as national estimates. Within mining communities, we estimated mortality risks of mining workers relative to other not working at mines. At the population level, mining communities had higher road-traffic injuries (RTI) (risk difference (RD): 3.1%, Confidence Interval (CI): 0.4%, 5.9%) and non-HIV infectious disease mortality (RD: 5.6%, CI: 0.8%, 10.3%), but lower burden of HIV mortality (RD: -5.9%, CI: -10.2%, -1.6%). Relative to non-miners living in the same communities, mining workers had over twice the mortality risk (relative risk (RR): 2.09, CI: 1.57, 2.79), with particularly large increases for death due to RTIs (RR: 14.26, CI: 4.95, 41.10) and other injuries (RR:10.10, CI: 3.40, 30.02). Our results shows that gold mines continue to be associated with a large mortality burden despite major efforts to ensure the safety in mining communities. Given that most of the additional mortality risk appears to be related to injuries programs targeting these specific risks seem most desirable.
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Rebolledo Monsalve, Eduardo, Pedro Jiménez Prado, Jon Molinero Ortiz, and Theofilos Toulkeridis. "Differences in Fish Abundance in Rivers under the Influence of Open-Pit Gold Mining in the Santiago-Cayapas Watershed, Esmeraldas, Ecuador." Water 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 2992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14192992.
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Illegal gold mining is on the rise in the tropical Andes. The Santiago-Cayapas watershed is located in the north of the Pacific basin of Ecuador, in the Chocó biogeographical region. It is recognized for its high biodiversity, as 62 fish species have been described in the area, and because it contains two of the largest protected areas in the Pacific coast of Ecuador: the mangroves of the Cayapas and Mataje Rivers and the Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve. Open-pit gold mining has been described in the area since 2006 and most mining fronts operate illegally and lack any environmental control. Heavy-metal concentrations and fish communities were studied in streams that drain active and abandoned mines, in larger rivers located downstream of the mined areas and in control sites without mining activities. Open-pit mining causes a reduction of dissolved oxygen concentrations and an increase of water temperature, turbidity, and concentrations of Al, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and V. Fish abundance decreased in streams that drain active mines, however, metrics of taxonomic diversity remain unchanged among the study sites. The response of fish communities to open-pit gold mining was complex and driven by the pollution tolerance of each species, the presence of specific adaptions to turbid waters, and changes in the fishing pressure as locals avoid fishing activities in mined areas. Finally, streams that drain abandoned mines showed chemical characteristics, metal concentrations, and fish communities that were similar to control sites, but maintained higher water temperatures than control sites.
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Grover, A. K. "The Ancient Metal Miners of Vadnagar, Delwara and Mandli, Western India." Journal of the Geological Society of India 100, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/jgsi/2024/173822.
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Abstract India is dotted with myriads of ancient metal mines or old workings in almost all the states, some of which have great antiquity (>4,000 yrs) and reaching considerable depth (upto 260 m). These stand as testimony to the mining skill of our ancestors, especially in the absence of mining tools. Several of these old metal mines, when explored by modern methods have yielded sizable deposits e.g. Hutti, Bhukia (gold), Rajpura-Dariba (multi-metal), Agucha (lead-zinc-silver), Agnigundala (lead-copper), Khetri (copper), etc. A few ancient Indian treatises describe the processes of metal extraction from the ores but records are scanty on the methods of mining and mining communities. Most experts consider that, the history of mining in India is obscured in the mist of antiquity and opine that ‘we lack the knowledge of old miners of India, as to who they were, from where they came or what was their fate’. The trailblazers though did not leave direct records nevertheless the opportunity is not closed to reconstruct missing pages related to ancient metal miners in the history of mining in India. An attempt has been made in this paper to bring out details of these miners based on comprehensive study and analysis of archaeological, geological, ancient metallurgical, historical, etymological and modern age data in conjunction with locals in the field, especially on those who were active in mining in border areas of present Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan in western India. It resulted in establishing the people of Vadnagar, Delwara and Mandli localities as expert miners, who were responsible for opening and operating a large number of mines in the region viz. Ambaji, Bhukia, Delwara, Khandia, Zawar, etc. Archaeological evidences and radiocarbon dates attest to a Chalcolithic to pre-historical period of some of these old mines. Nomenclature of some gold bearing rivers and gold mining localities in the country displaying Vedic gold names speaks for their antiquity. Mauryans (321-185 BC) accelerated metal mining in their empire, which was followed by other dynasties till Rajputs who were assisted by tribal Bhils. The knowhow of ancient metal miners of Vadnagar, Delwara and Mandli seems to have descended from Mahabharata and Harappan tradition of Gujarat (3950-900 BC) and Ahar-Banas (3600-1800 BC) culture of Rajasthan. During Mughal invasions many miners and metal workers had migrated to remote Himalayan areas (present Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand) or Hindu kingdoms (present Maharashtra, Odisha) where they adopted nomenclature of their place of origin (Vadnagar, Delwara and Mandli) to their new settlements. Some of these experts took-up mining profession while others developed expertise as blacksmiths/ whitesmiths or even agriculturists. Zinc coins of Kangra (14th Century AD) kings seem to have produced by these migrating metal experts who knew the technique of zinc distillation from ore of Zawar mines, the people of which are considered as first to smelt Industrial zinc in the world.
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Ermolaev, A. N. "GOLD MINING IN SALAIR IN THE LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 4 (December 23, 2018): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2018-4-32-38.
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The research determines the dynamics of gold mining and identifies the specifics of the development of the gold industry in Salair in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The Salair ridge was then under the jurisdiction of the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty. At the end of the XIX century, the Cabinet spent a lot of money on geological survey of the ridge and invested in the development of the local gold mines. The extraction of gold during this period fluctuated within 6–8 poods (1 pood = 16 kg). At the beginning of the XX century, the Cabinet leased the Salair mines to private entrepreneurs and joint-stock companies. Such agreements were signed by Prince A. von Thurn und Taxis and Dr. Josef Jeanne (Austria), Arthur Stanley and mining engineer Farrukh Bek-Vezirov (Great Britain), State Councilor Berezin (Russia), and The Russian Gold Mining Company. Private companies operated more successfully than the Cabinet. In the XX century the extraction of gold in Salair increased. However, after the companies had developed the ready retrievable gold deposits, they ceased operating. As the calculations have shown, more than 3.6 tons of gold were mined on the Salair Ridge in 1892 – 1915. The main feature of the Salair gold mining was that gold was extracted both by the Cabinet and private companies, which means that state and private capital acted in parallel.
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Wang, Wei Zhi, and Chun Guang Yang. "Comprehensive Utilization and Resources of Gold Mining Tailings." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 1438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1438.
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The gold mine discharges tailings massively every day,which results in gold and useful metal draining,simultaneously brings the enormous harm to the environment The approach to comprehensive utilization of tailings of gold mines, including recycle of usable mineral and direct use of ore tailings,is analyzed in the paper, laying a foundation for continuous development of gold mines，comprehensive utilization of resource，and protection of environment.
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Redwood, Stewart D. "The history of mining and mineral exploration in Panama: From Pre-Columbian gold mining to modern copper mining." Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 72, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): A180720. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2020v72n3a180720.
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The history of mining and exploration in Panama is a case study of the evolution of mining in a tropical, island arc environment in the New World from prehistoric to modern times over a period of ~1900 years. Panama has a strong mineral endowment of gold (~984 t), and copper (~32 Mt) resulting in a rich mining heritage. The mining history can be divided into five periods. The first was the pre-Columbian period of gold mining from near the start of the Current Era at ~100 CE to 1501, following the introduced of gold metalwork fully fledged from Colombia. Mining of gold took place from placer and vein deposits in the Veraguas, Coclé, Northern Darien and Darien goldfields, together with copper for alloying. Panama was the first country on the mainland of the Americas to be mined by Europeans during the Spanish colonial period from 1501-1821. The pattern of gold rushes, conquest and settlement can be mapped from Spanish records, starting in Northern Darien then moving west to Panama in 1519 and Nata in 1522. From here, expeditions set out throughout Veraguas over the next century to the Veraguas (Concepción), Southern Veraguas, Coclé and Central Veraguas goldfields. Attention returned to Darien in ~1665 and led to the discovery of the Espíritu Santo de Cana gold mine, the most important gold mine to that date in the Americas. The third period was the Republican period following independence from Spain in 1821 to become part of the Gran Colombia alliance, and the formation of the Republic of Panama in 1903. This period up to ~1942 was characterized by mining of gold veins and placers, and manganese mining from 1871. Gold mining ceased during World War Two. The fourth period was the era of porphyry copper discoveries and systematic, regional geochemical exploration programs from 1956 to 1982, carried out mainly by the United Nations and the Panamanian government, as well as private enterprise. This resulted in the discovery of the giant porphyry copper deposits at Cerro Colorado (1957) and Petaquilla (Cobre Panama, 1968), as well as several other porphyry deposits, epithermal gold deposits and bauxite deposits. The exploration techniques for the discovery of copper were stream sediment and soil sampling, followed rapidly by drilling. The only mine developed in this period was marine black sands for iron ore (1971-1972). The fifth and current period is the exploration and development of modern gold and copper mines since 1985 by national and foreign companies, which started in response to the gold price rise. The main discovery methods for gold, which was not analyzed in the stream sediment surveys, were lithogeochemistry of alteration zones and reexamination of old mines. Gold mines were developed at Remance (1990-1998), Santa Rosa (1995-1999 with restart planned in 2020) and Molejon (2009-2014), and the Cobre Panama copper deposit started production in 2019. The level of exploration in the country is still immature and there is high potential for the discovery of new deposits.
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Hehamahua, Hayati. "Bagi Hasil Tambang Emas dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam (Studi Pada Tambang Emas Gogorea Kec.Waeapo. Kab.Buru)." e-Journal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi 7, no. 2 (September 17, 2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejeba.v7i2.19597.
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The Gogorea Village Gold Mine is located on the eucalyptus area of the village of Gogorea, which is the owner of the heir of King Liliyali. Community gold mining that occurs in the Mount Botak gold mining area is a lesson for the owner of the Gogorea gold mine to make local rules or laws in managing gold mines. This study aims to determine the profit sharing system of gold mining management between miners and gold mining area owners from an Islamic economic perspective with a qualitative approach. Humans only borrow and use natural resources that Allah has provided, and have no right to control them absolutely. In an Islamic perspective, muamalah transactions take place honestly and transparently in order to avoid conflict and mafsadah (damage). With an Islamic economic approach, the research findings are (a). Initially, the Gogorea gold mining area was an eucalyptus land owned by the heir of King Liliyali so that bargaining power belongs to the heir's family, (b). The internal regulations that have been implemented have been able to reduce conflicts in the Gogorea gold mining area. (c). The existence of this local law is able to guarantee harmony and fraternal relations between miners and mining area owners.
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McCutcheon, Steven R., and James A. Walker. "Great Mining Camps of Canada 8. The Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick, Part 2: Mining History and Contributions to Society." Geoscience Canada 47, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2020.47.163.
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In the Bathurst Mining Camp (BMC), 12 of the 45 known massive sulphide deposits were mined between 1957 and 2013; one was mined for iron prior to 1950, whereas three others had development work but no production. Eleven of the deposits were mined for base metals for a total production of approximately 179 Mt, with an average grade of 3.12% Pb, 7.91% Zn, 0.47% Cu, and 93.9 g/t Ag. The other deposit was solely mined for gold, present in gossan above massive sulphide, producing approximately one million tonnes grading 1.79 g/t Au. Three of the 11 mined base-metal deposits also had a gossan cap, from which gold was extracted. In 2012, the value of production from the Bathurst Mining Camp exceeded $670 million and accounted for 58 percent of total mineral production in New Brunswick.Base-metal production started in the BMC in 1957 from deposits at Heath Steele Mines, followed by Wedge in 1962, Brunswick No. 12 in 1964, Brunswick No. 6 in 1965, Caribou in 1970, Murray Brook, Stratmat Boundary and Stratmat N-5 in 1989, Captain North Extension in 1990, and lastly, Half Mile Lake in 2012. The only mine in continuous production for most of this time was Brunswick No. 12. During its 49-year lifetime (1964–2013), it produced 136,643,367 tonnes of ore grading 3.44% Pb, 8.74% Zn, 0.37% Cu, and 102.2 g/t Ag, making it one of the largest underground base-metal mines in the world.The BMC remains important to New Brunswick and Canada because of its contributions to economic development, environmental measures, infrastructure, mining innovations, and society in general. The economic value of metals recovered from Brunswick No. 12 alone, in today’s prices exceeds $46 billion. Adding to this figure is production from the other mines in the BMC, along with money injected into the local economy from annual exploration expenditures (100s of $1000s per year) over 60 years. Several environmental measures were initiated in the BMC, including the requirement to be clean shaven and carry a portable respirator (now applied to all mines in Canada); ways to treat acid mine drainage and the thiosalt problem that comes from the milling process; and pioneering studies to develop and install streamside-incubation boxes for Atlantic Salmon eggs in the Nepisiguit River, which boosted survival rates to over 90%. Regarding infrastructure, provincial highways 180 and 430 would not exist if not for the discovery of the BMC; nor would the lead smelter and deep-water port at Belledune. Mining innovations are too numerous to list in this summary, so the reader is referred to the main text. Regarding social effects, the new opportunities, new wealth, and training provided by the mineral industry dramatically changed the living standards and social fabric of northern New Brunswick. What had been a largely poor, rural society, mostly dependent upon the fishing and forestry industries, became a thriving modern community. Also, untold numbers of engineers, geologists, miners, and prospectors `cut their teeth’ in the BMC, and many of them have gone on to make their mark in other parts of Canada and the world.
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Краденых, Ирина, Irina Kradenykh, Алексей Барчуков, and Alyeksyey Barchukov. "Organization and management of gold mines activity under exploration of placer mines." Russian Journal of Management 4, no. 2 (June 25, 2016): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19751.
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For the purpose to achieve the growth of efficiency of gold mines it is necessary to wipe out the lag in technological expansion and development, provide high quality of mining and recycling of gold-blearily rock as well as realize organization adjustment, suggest reconstruction of business activity and change of existing system of management.
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Farlan, Edi, Indra Indra, and Ahmad Humam Hamid. "Dampak Pertambangan Emas Tradisional Terhadap Perubahan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Di Gampong Mersak Kecamatan Kluet Tengah Kabupaten Aceh Selatan." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v1i1.1255.
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During the existence of the traditional gold mining in the Mersak Village subdisdtrict of Central Kluet district South Aceh has been a lot changes in local community life. The research methodology used is descriptive method with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and literature study. Informants in this study consisted of village officials, community leaders and the community of gold miners. Data analysis technique used is the technique of interactive analysis by Milles and Huberman form of data reduction, data presentation and verification / conclusions. The results of the research tells us that the existence of gold mines in the Village Ruin has an impact on the social and economic condition of the community. Negative impact on the gold mining aspects of uncontrolled population movements and worrying, the incidence rate is increasing conflict and transition people's livelihood of farmers to miners who create agricultural infrastructure is not functioning optimally. Also, positive impact on the gold mining aspects of the comprehensive work opportunities for people and rising incomes that can be seen from the high purchasing power. Keywords: Mining, Impact, Social, Economic
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gold mines and mining"
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Joubert, Barend Daniel. "Small-scale gold mining in southern Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005615.
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The general characteristics of gold deposits are reviewed, and a classification of gold deposits based on mineability is proposed. Evaluation, mlnlng and beneficiation methods are briefly discussed. It is concluded that the most viable targets for small-scale companies comprise deposits that require the least pre-production time and expense. Great potential exists for the small-scale reclamation of gold from tailings dumps and abandoned mines in Southern Africa. There is also potential for developing new smallscale gold mines in the Archaean greenstone terranes of the Zimbabwean and Kaapvaal cratons.
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Bouwer, Wendy. "An environmentally sound gold recovery process for small-scale gold mining." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/869.
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Thesis(MTech (Chem.Eng.Technology))--//Cape Technikon, 1999The gold mining industry has mainly relied upon the use of a highly polluting chemicals, such as mercury and cyanide, to recover gold from its ores. As environmental legislation has become more stringent in all countries and environmental protection has become the focus of world-wide research, development of environmental sound processes has been favoured. The Coal Gold Agglomeration (CGA) process is such a process which was developed some years ago and has the advantage in that gold is recovered by a procedure which has little or no effect on the environment. The CGA process is based on the hydrophobic characteristics of coal, gold and oil. Gold particles which are substantially free become attached to the coal-oil agglomerates during collision, and eventually penetrate into the agglomerates. The resulting agglomerates are recycled to increase the gold loading, separated from the slurry, burnt, ashed and smelted to produce gold bullion. Laboratory scale batch tests were performed on an artificial/synthetic gold ore, containing fine gold powder. The slurry was contacted with a mixture of coal and oil. i.e. coal-oil agglomerates, after which both the agglomerates and ore were analysed for gold. Operating parameters, such as the mode of contact between the coal-oil phase and the gold containing slurry, contact time of the slurry and the coal-oil phase, means of separating the coal-oil gold agglomerates from the slurry, coal to ore, coal to oil and water to ore ratios, type of oil, effect of collectors and the mineralogy of the ore on the gold recovery were investigated. Results have shown that stirring the coal-oil phase and the slug yielded higher gold loadings than shaking and the traditional rolling bottle technique. BI increasing the time of contact between the coal-oil phase and the gold slurry. the final gold loading in the agglomerates increases, until an equilibrium value is reached. An increase in the amount of coal, together with a decrease in the amount of water used in the slurry, has shown to increase gold recoveries. Furthermore, by varying the concentration and volume of a collector. such as potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) enhanced the settling rate and enabled the effectiveness of separation. Moreover, it was found that the gold loading on the coal-oil phase increased after recycling it. Further tests were performed on a real ore sample and after X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, it was found that certain minerals other than gold was transferred to the coal-oil phase. The theoretical foundation of the CGA process is based on the difference in free energy and was expressed as a function of the interfacial tensions and three-phase contact angles between gold, oil and water, together with the ratio of coal-oil agglomerate to gold particle radii, as the free energy is a measure of the thermodynamic stability and hence, partly a measure of gold recoveries, meaningful predictions as to gold recoveries were made by performing a sensitivity analysis on the variables connected to the free energy, It was, however, found that some operating parameters, which were linked to other factors, such as the maximum gold transfer into coal-oil phase and the separation efficiency of the agglomerates. were vital to be taken into account when predictions as to gold recoveries were made. Therefore, the gold recoveries were found to be a function of the thermodynamic stability as well as the maximum gold transfer into the coal-oil phase and the separation efficiency of the agglomerates, The meaningful information gained by performing the theoretical investigations were applied and linked to gold recoveries, thereby providing useful explanations as to the typical gold recoveries obtained during experimentation. A comparative study on mercury amalgamation was done to evaluate the performance of the CGA process. It was found that the CGA process yielded better gold recoveries than amalgamation, which makes it the better process both in terms of recoveries as well as environmental safety, A further application of the theoretical knowledge was, however, very useful to explain the tendency of the CGA process yielding the better results.
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Mather, Diarmid John. "An approach to analyzing gold supply from the South African gold mines." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002750.
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The gold mining fIrm in South Africa is viewed as a normal fIrm producing gold bearing ore but faced with a quality constraint (grade). Grade, however, is never uniformly distributed in a metalliferous deposit and because high grades are mined fIrst, the quality constraint becomes increasingly severe with cumulated production. The fIrm will continue to mine gold bearing ore until it reaches its mining limit where the marginal cost of recovering the gold is equal to the marginal revenue received from that gold and at that point the economic deposit becomes exhausted. Because the mining limit is determined by cost/technology and price, it is not fIxed and thus the point of economic exhaustion may change. When high grades are mined fIrst the relationship between the tonnage of gold ore and the grade describes the rate at which the grade is expected to fall with cumulated production. In this thesis, the grade for South African Witwatersrand gold producers is modelled to fall exponentially. The mining limit, determined by costs/technology and price, can be expressed in terms of grade. By predicting the decay in grade relative to the tonnage of gold ore and applying a mining limit, a life-time size of the economic deposit can be estimated. The remaining life of a producing gold mine can then be determined and the flow of gold predicted. An empirical treatment using the disk model of a gold deposit is undertaken for a gold mine, a goldfIeld and the total Witwatersrand gold deposit. A dynamic econometric analysis of expected mining costs and gold prices is not attempted; however certain examples are used to illustrate the applicability of the model and the influence of the South African gold mining tax formula on the life of the mine.
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Wortmann, Heid. "Sedimentation and desiccation of gold mines." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11052007-152710.
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Morse, Kathryn Taylor. "The nature of gold : an environmental history of the Alaska/Yukon gold rush /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10468.
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Naidoo, Kumendrie. "Considerations for stope gully stability in gold and platinum mines in South Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11302005-123445/.
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Edwards, Anita Kynne. "Characteristics of noise induced hearing loss in gold miners." Pretoria : [s.n, 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05062009-123505.
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Carr, Frank. "Government decision-making and environmental degradation: a study relating to mining activities in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Carr, Frank (2007) Government decision-making and environmental degradation: a study relating to mining activities in Papua New Guinea. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/502/.
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Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a country possessing abundant resources of gold, oil, copper, timber, and fish stocks. It is hampered in its development and management of these resources, however, by serious problems of governance and corruption. These problems are evident throughout the economy and also in the management of the environment. The level of environmental damage caused by the mining industry in PNG is now such that it will require extensive rehabilitation, if the areas affected can, indeed, ever be fully rehabilitated. The mining companies which precipitated this damage were licensed and encouraged by the PNG Government in the initiation and exercise of the mining operations. The resulting environmental impact has affected the lives of thousands of New Guineans to their detriment. The degradation caused remains
unredressed.
Compounding the problem, there is a growing reliance by Papua New Guinea on mineral exploitation for foreign direct investment, government revenues, and foreign exchange. Gold exports accounted for the biggest share of export revenues in 2002 representing 37.5% of the total. In light of this growing dependency on mining activities, there is a correspondingly urgent requirement to address the deficiencies in the administrative, monitoring, and policing aspects of the protection of its environment.
Despite the public evidence of the damage to the environment and the ensuing affect on the people of Papua New Guinea by mining activities; and despite universal condemnation of these activities and the companies responsible; the companies continue to conduct these activities without official hindrance and with little apparent concern for the long-term ramifications of their actions.
This thesis will examine the degradation resulting from the mining activities of companies in Papua New Guinea over the last three decades - particularly those of Placer Dome's Porgera gold mine, BHP's Ok Tedi gold and copper mine (the waste from both of which is dumped into the Ok Tedi and Strickland rivers which are tributaries of the Fly River and form part of the Fly River system) and Lihir Gold Limited's gold mine on Lihir Island. It will examine the extent to which the Government of Papua New Guinea may have wittingly (in the sense of a prescience as to the possible or probable likelihood of deleterious impact) or unwittingly contributed to that degradation as a result of its actions or omissions.
Studies of available literature suggest that there has been little attention paid to the subject of culpability on the part of successive PNG governments in matters of environmental damage. This research will contribute to reducing this gap in the literature by focusing on possible motives of the PNG government and its actors which precipitated those decisions and which resulted in environmental degradation. The discussion will examine the likely motivation of the PNG government in its deliberations and decisions and the extent to which corruption and incompetence may have played a role.
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Carr, Frank. "Government decision-making and environmental degradation : a study relating to mining activities in Papua New Guinea /." Carr, Frank (2007) Government decision-making and environmental degradation: a study relating to mining activities in Papua New Guinea. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/502/.
Full textAbstract:
Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a country possessing abundant resources of gold, oil, copper, timber, and fish stocks. It is hampered in its development and management of these resources, however, by serious problems of governance and corruption. These problems are evident throughout the economy and also in the management of the environment. The level of environmental damage caused by the mining industry in PNG is now such that it will require extensive rehabilitation, if the areas affected can, indeed, ever be fully rehabilitated. The mining companies which precipitated this damage were licensed and encouraged by the PNG Government in the initiation and exercise of the mining operations. The resulting environmental impact has affected the lives of thousands of New Guineans to their detriment. The degradation caused remains
unredressed.
Compounding the problem, there is a growing reliance by Papua New Guinea on mineral exploitation for foreign direct investment, government revenues, and foreign exchange. Gold exports accounted for the biggest share of export revenues in 2002 representing 37.5% of the total. In light of this growing dependency on mining activities, there is a correspondingly urgent requirement to address the deficiencies in the administrative, monitoring, and policing aspects of the protection of its environment.
Despite the public evidence of the damage to the environment and the ensuing affect on the people of Papua New Guinea by mining activities; and despite universal condemnation of these activities and the companies responsible; the companies continue to conduct these activities without official hindrance and with little apparent concern for the long-term ramifications of their actions.
This thesis will examine the degradation resulting from the mining activities of companies in Papua New Guinea over the last three decades - particularly those of Placer Dome's Porgera gold mine, BHP's Ok Tedi gold and copper mine (the waste from both of which is dumped into the Ok Tedi and Strickland rivers which are tributaries of the Fly River and form part of the Fly River system) and Lihir Gold Limited's gold mine on Lihir Island. It will examine the extent to which the Government of Papua New Guinea may have wittingly (in the sense of a prescience as to the possible or probable likelihood of deleterious impact) or unwittingly contributed to that degradation as a result of its actions or omissions.
Studies of available literature suggest that there has been little attention paid to the subject of culpability on the part of successive PNG governments in matters of environmental damage. This research will contribute to reducing this gap in the literature by focusing on possible motives of the PNG government and its actors which precipitated those decisions and which resulted in environmental degradation. The discussion will examine the likely motivation of the PNG government in its deliberations and decisions and the extent to which corruption and incompetence may have played a role.
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Pelly, Frederick Douglas Peter. "Guidelines to the evaluation of selectively mined, open pit gold deposits during the exploration stage of mine creation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005582.
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This dissertation studies the evaluation of selectively mined, open pit gold deposits during the exploration stage of the mine's life. Since 1970 a large number of selectively mined, open pit gold mines have come into operation. The most common deposits include epithermal vein, mesothermal lode and laterite gold deposits. In general the deposits are characterized by small tonnages (1-20 million tonnes), relatively high grades (2-10 grams per tonne gold), submicroscopic to coarse gold, inexpensive mining, and both free milling and refractory ores.The key components that require evaluating during the exploration period are the deposit's geology, ore reserves, pit design, ore metallurgy and environmental impact. Feasibility studies are the main vehicle by which to report and guide the exploration programme. During the exploration period a company may undertake an initial (geological feasibility), second (preliminary mine feasibility) and third (final feasibility) delineation programme in order to gather sufficient data to justify a mine development decision. The responsibility of evaluating the mineral prospect lies primarily with the exploration geologist and mining engineer. Broad experience, a professional attitude, a thorough understanding of mining economics, and a high level of geological, engineering and technical skills are traits required by the evaluators. In order for mining companies to make sound investment decisions the geographical, geological, mining, metallurgical, environmental, marketing, political and financial aspects affecting the economic potential of the venture must be integrated so that the likely costs, risks and returns of the investment alternative are quantified. Ultimately, it is the economic analysis of these three items that determine whether the mineral prospect is developed into a mine I delineated further I retained until economic circumstances improve, or abandoned. To assess the costs, risks and returns, extensive use of the risk analysis is advocated throughout the exploration period . When combined with intelligent judgement of the intangible risk elements, the probabilistic distribution of discounted cash flows are invaluable in making sound investment decisions. However, the economic analysis is only as good as the information on which it is founded. Accurate and representative field data is the most important prerequisite to successfully evaluating and developing a new mine.
Books on the topic "Gold mines and mining"
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Belmore, Eleanor M. Caribou gold mines. [Nova Scotia?: s.n., 1990.
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E, Annels A., Burnham Barry C, and University of Wales, eds. The Dolaucothi gold mines. 3rd ed. Cardiff: University of Wales, 1995.
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Elevatorski, Edward A. World gold: Mines-deposits-discoveries. [Dana Point, Calif.]: Minobras Mining Services, 1988.
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Elevatorski, Edward A. World gold: Mines-deposits-discoveries. (Dana Point, Calif.): Minobras Mining Services, 1988.
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Elevatorski, Edward A. World gold: Mines-deposits-discoveries. (Dana Point, Calif.): Minobras Mining Services, 1988.
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Patera, Alan H. Hornsilver/Gold Point, Nevada: Silver turns to gold. Lake Grove, OR: Western Places, 2003.
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Gold Prospectors Association of America. 1994 gold prospector's mining guide. Temecula, CA: Gold Prospectors Association of America, 1994.
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Otwell, W. Larry. Panning Georgia's gold: The gold-panner's guidebook. Cleveland, GA (P.O. Box 42, Cleveland 30528): Rainbow Sequoia, Pub., 1985.
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Kocsis, Tibor. Gold futures. Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities & Sciences, 2007.
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Kutz, Kenneth J. Gold fever. Darien, Conn., U.S.A: Gold Fever Pub., 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Gold mines and mining"
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McCulloch, Jock, and Pavla Miller. "The Research Community, Risk and Evidence: 1912–1932." In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 141–66. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_6.
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AbstractThe closely knit research community, centred on the South African Institute of Medical Research and the Miners’ Phthisis Medical Bureau, was created by the gold mining industry and the state between 1912 and 1916. This chapter describes the establishment and day-to-day working of that research community. It then documents the accumulation of evidence on the risks associated with exposure to silica dust, the synergy between silicosis and tuberculosis, the spread of infection in the mine compounds, the problems arising from the repatriation of sick miners and the declining living standards and malnutrition in the labour-sending communities. Despite the evidence, the chapter concludes, the Chamber of Mines and its Chief Medical Officer strenuously maintained that the mines were safe.
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McCulloch, Jock, and Pavla Miller. "Identifying Risk and Compensating Tuberculosis: 1916–1957." In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 83–110. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_4.
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AbstractDriven by concerns of the white Mine Workers Union, South Africa was the first state to compensate for silicosis and tuberculosis as occupational diseases. The Acts were woven around the binary pairing of miners (whites) and native labourers (blacks). That device enabled legislators to racialise the labour laws without mentioning race. This chapter traces the development of thorough medical examinations, comprehensive health care and a generous compensation system for whites, alongside a system designed to prevent the employment of men who already developed lung disease and to minimise compensation for the (black) majority of the workforce. Having reluctantly agreed to compensate tuberculosis, the Chamber of Mines was relentless in opposing the many critics who argued that the mines were a source of infection. As the critics reiterated, dust exposure created a pool of infected men who were repatriated to rural areas where little or no biomedical care was available. The low wages offered by the mines impoverished labour-sending communities, and this in turn created the ideal social setting for infection to take hold and to spread. Finally, because most infected miners did not receive compensation, their home communities were further impoverished by having to care for men who were no longer able to work.
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McCulloch, Jock, and Pavla Miller. "Contests over Labour in British Central African Colonies: 1935–1953." In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 259–93. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_10.
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AbstractEach of the parties involved in labour recruitment in Southern Africa had their own agendas. The mines’ recruiting agency wanted an expanded recruiting zone to guarantee a supply of labour. The British Colonial Office and its administrations wanted not only to collect the revenue that came from contracting labour to the mines but also to protect native interests. The Southern Rhodesian government wanted to give its mines and white farms access to cheap labour. The ILO was keen to promote labour rights and work safety. The South African government supported the mining houses; it also wanted to channel mine rejects onto farms in the Transvaal. During those contests for authority, the interests of the Nyasaland government and the mining houses often coincided. Those of Nyasaland and Southern Rhodesia rarely did. While there were constant references to returning miners suffering from tuberculosis in low-level correspondence, the risks to miners’ health from silicosis and tuberculosis were seldom mentioned in high-level meetings and documents. This chapter details some of the complex negotiations, with particular focus on the lifting of the ban on recruitment of tropical labour in 1938, and negotiations with the ILO and UN after the Second World War. Throughout, the superior negotiating power of the mining houses and their recruiting agency is highlighted.
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McCulloch, Jock, and Pavla Miller. "Tuberculosis and Migrant Labour in the High Commission Territories: Basutoland and Swaziland: 1912–2005." In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 231–57. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_9.
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AbstractBasutoland came under British rule in the late nineteenth century. By the 1930s, the Territory’s transformation into a labour reserve for South Africa’s mines decimated its food production, impoverished its population and brought about a TB epidemic. The mines paid uneconomic wages and refused to pay compensation for occupational injury. In addition to those repatriated with tuberculosis or silicosis, the mines produced such a steady stream of sick and injured workers that mine accidents constituted the largest single cause of disability amongst men of working age.Swaziland was the smallest of the three protectorates. Land alienation to white settlers under British concessions meant that by the early 1930s, the territory produced only a fifth of its food needs. As in the other HCTs, tax collection and occupational lung disease posed serious problems. However, commercial agriculture and large deposits of asbestos generated local employment and foreign exchange and made Swaziland less dependent on migrant wages.In each of the HCTs, migrant workers faced even greater barriers in accessing compensation for occupational injury than black South Africans did. No circulars or instructions on the subject had been issued, miners were unaware of their rights, local officials did not understand the application process and travel to Johannesburg for medical examinations was not feasible for men who were dying. In all, the lack of medical capacity, the ongoing refusal to pay pensions to injured miners and the systematic failure to collect health statistics made the extent of the risk invisible. While the situation improved somewhat after independence, the mining industry continued to displace the burden of disability onto households and local communities.
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McCulloch, Jock, and Pavla Miller. "Technologies, Care and Repatriations: 1926–1966." In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 345–69. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_13.
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AbstractUntil 1950, there was no effective chemotherapy for tuberculosis. Treatment consisted of an enhanced diet, isolation, and skilled nursing—methods which were expensive and not greatly effective. The centrepiece of the mines’ management of tuberculosis was repatriation of sick miners, without notification of local authorities, isolation of those with infective disease, or education of those around them on how to avoid infection. This approach enhanced the mines’ profitability but confounded every principle of public health. In the 1950s, the development of mass miniature radiography and the discovery of new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis radically changed the available technologies of care. In discussing international standards of compensation for occupational lung disease, ILO held that the worker’s history of dust exposure, a clinical examination and radiographic findings had to be considered. The Chamber of Mines used mass miniature radiography for a different purpose: those with dusted lungs were identified at entry medicals and then repatriated without compensation. Where chemotherapy was provided to sick miners, the treatment rarely lasted more than a month; as a result, most patients developed drug resistant tuberculosis. Today, South Africa and its labour-sending regions have one of the world’s highest rates of multi-drug-resistant TB.
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McCulloch, Jock, and Pavla Miller. "Things Fall Apart—Independent Research, Asbestos Litigation and the Gold Miners’ Class Action: 1983–2019." In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 371–402. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_14.
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AbstractUntil the early 1990s, those who were critical of the South African gold mines found little support. By 1920, the Chamber had fashioned a medical orthodoxy which held that tuberculosis was brought to the mines by recruits, a position from which the industry never wavered. The election of the ANC government in 1994 saw a dramatic shift in the legal possibilities for the victims of occupational injury. The Leon Commission, the first inquiry into occupational health held under majority rule, rejected the Chamber’s orthodoxy. Its final report found that silica dust levels on the gold mines were hazardous, and that they had probably been so for more than fifty years. The dismantling of apartheid also saw the emergence of a loose collective of researchers who worked on occupational disease but had no affiliation with the mining industry. By 2000, their research showed that there was a high incidence of uncompensated silicosis and tuberculosis among former miners, and that even a negligible degree of silicosis was associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis infection. Employing legal precedents forged in successful occupational health litigation by asbestos miners, several legal firms embarked on an unprecedented class action against the gold mining companies. The chapter concludes by outlining the innovations brought about by its recent settlement.
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McCulloch, Jock, and Pavla Miller. "Mapping and Resolving a Health Crisis: 1902–1929." In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 55–80. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_3.
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AbstractThe history of gold mining in South Africa was marked by several profound crises. This chapter traces the emergence and resolution of the first one. Following official recognition of the disproportionate mortality of miners from North of latitude 22 South, in 1913 the South African government banned further recruitment of ‘Tropical’ labour. Several commissions of enquiry, a series of pioneering Mines and Miners’ Phthisis Acts, the creation of a state supported research community, the commissioning of vaccine for pneumonia and the establishment of a system of compulsory medical examinations helped resolve the crisis politically. Living and working conditions on the mines improved, and deaths from pneumonia were reduced. However, the risk of silicosis and TB infection remained, and repatriations of sick and dying men continued. The first health crisis became a model for how the mining houses would respond to occupational disease. The industry captured the science, framed the legislation and externalised the principal costs of occupational disease onto labour-sending communities.
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McCulloch, Jock, and Pavla Miller. "Lifting the Ban on the Recruitment of Tropical Labour: 1933–1945." In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 111–40. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_5.
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AbstractThe ban on the recruitment of Tropical labour, imposed in 1913, was arguably the single most important state intervention in the mines’ history. It was the only intervention aimed specifically at protecting migrant labour—and it was strongly opposed by the industry. To have the ban lifted, the Chamber commissioned the international experts Almroth Wright, William Gorgas and Lyle Cummins to find a solution to deaths on the mines. Wright failed to develop an effective vaccine, and the expert recommendations of Gorgas and Cummins were largely ignored. Improved conditions on the mines did lead to a reduction of deaths from infectious pneumonia. What proved most effective in lifting the ban, however, was relentless lobbying, led by the company actuary William Gemmill and the Chief Medical Officer of Rand Mines, Dr A.J. Orenstein. Despite persistent evidence to the contrary, by 1938 the Chamber of Mines succeeded in persuading the South African government, the Colonial Office and the ILO that conditions on the mines were safe and that oscillating migration was beneficial to labour.
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Kamp, N. "Backfilling on gold mines of the Gold Fields group." In Innovations in Mining Backfill Technology, 39–49. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211488-6.
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McCulloch, Jock, and Pavla Miller. "Dissenting voices: 1902–1956." In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 297–320. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_11.
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AbstractThere were a number of medical experts who contested the Chamber’s claims about mine safety. The dissent began after 1910 and stretched well into the apartheid era. The dissenters included Drs John Mitchell, Eustace Cluver and Peter Allan, all at one time senior members of the South African Department of Public Health. There was also Dr A.H. Watt, the medical officer with Rand Insurance; Dr Basil Dormer, the Union’s Chief Tuberculosis Officer; Anthony Mavrogordato of the SAIMR; and Dr Gerrit Schepers, who served as a specialist with the Silicosis Bureau from 1944 until 1954. The dissenters pointed out that dust exposures in the mines and conditions in the compounds were unsafe; that infectious disease, most notably tuberculosis, was being spread from the mines to labour-sending areas; that the conduct of mine medicals was inadequate and was failing to pick up compensable disease; and that mine wages were so low that many families were malnourished. The lone dissenter to voice all of those concerns was Dr Neil Macvicar, who for almost forty years served as a medical missionary in the Eastern Cape. Macvicar, who worked initially in tuberculosis prevention programmes in Scotland, had first-hand knowledge of mine recruiting in Nyasaland. Macvicar’s views about prevention were conventional. He believed that tuberculosis could only be combatted by social change: governments must guarantee food security and promote the education of patients and their families on how to manage the disease.
Conference papers on the topic "Gold mines and mining"
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Vasudev, V. N. "Gold Resources of India: Immense Scope for Development of New Gold Mines." In Gold Mining in India: The Way Forward. The Geological Society of India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/cgsi/2021/165466.
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Solankar, S. N., Venkatesh Murthy N., R. B. Ganesh, and Anilkumar B. V. "Current Status of Exploration and Resources of Hutti Gold Mines, Hutti-Maski Schist Belt, Karnataka." In Gold Mining in India: The Way Forward. The Geological Society of India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17491/cgsi/2021/165467.
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Darbritz, Jahn. "Management of the Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines East Wall Slip." In SSIM 2023: Third International Slope Stability in Mining Conference. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2335_47.
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Karekal, Shivakumar, M. Rao, and Chinnappa Srinivasan. "Mining-Associated Seismicity in Kolar Gold Mines—Some Case Studies Using Multifractals." In Sixth International Symposium on Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/574_72.
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Wymer, Denis G., and Johan C. Botha. "Managing the Environmental Impacts of Low Activity Wastes From the South African Gold Mining Industry." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1257.
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Abstract Uranium mineralization is associated with the gold deposits in South Africa that have been mined for more than a century. Investigations of the radiological impacts on the environment reveal that the various radioactive wastes — mostly of low activity — associated with gold and by-product uranium production do not warrant the application of anything more than basic control measures. Non-radiological pollution of the water environment is a growing problem, however, aggravated by the closure and flooding of mines. Control measures to address this problem should, as a spin-off, limit the release of radionuclides, thus helping to control future radiological pollution.
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Macuacua, C., T. Mogi, K. Ishitsuka, and M. Utsugi. "Application of Airborne Magnetic Data to Gold Mines in Namuno, Mozambique." In 2nd Conference on Geophysics for Mineral Exploration and Mining. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201802695.
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Sellers, Ewan, M. Kataka, Alexander Milev, Navin Singh, Steve Spottiswoode, and R. Ebrahim-Trollope. "Characterisation of Hazards and Rockmass Response During Remnant Mining in South African Gold Mines." In Sixth International Symposium on Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/574_15.
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Chen, Dianmin, Leon Gray, and Marty Hudyma. "Understanding Mine Seismicity—A Way to Reduce Mining Hazards at Barrick’s Darlot Gold Mine." In Sixth International Symposium on Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/574_24.
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Belozertsev, Sergey. "Features of the Development of Mining Activities in the XIX — Early XX Centuries." In Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook 2021. Baikal State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/978-5-7253-3040-3.13.
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The article is devoted to the activities of the mining police of the early twentieth century in the area of mining mines in the East of Russia. The structure of the mountain police, the salary of police officers, the activities of the Cossacks are determined, the main powers are investigated. The mining police at the beginning of the twentieth century carried out activities to counter the sale of excisable and prohibited goods, during the First World War, the activities of the mining police mainly consisted in countering the theft of gold from mines.
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Mngadi, S., M. Manzi, N. Nkosi, R. Durrheim, Y. Yabe, A. Tsutsumi, and H. Ogasawara. "Examining Factors Controlling Seismogenic Zones in Deep and High Stress Tabular Gold Mines." In NSG2022 4th Conference on Geophysics for Mineral Exploration and Mining. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202220179.
Full textReports on the topic "Gold mines and mining"
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Pundt, Heather. Mining Culture in Roman Dacia: Empire, Community, and Identity at the Gold Mines of Alburnus Maior ca.107-270 C.E. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.800.
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Mills, Stephanie E., Andrew Rupke, and Donald L. Clark. Interim Geologic Map of the Clifton Quadrangle, Tooele County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-752dm.
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The Clifton 7.5' quadrangle is in western Tooele County about 40 miles (65 km) south of Wendover, Utah. The northeast part of the quadrangle includes the Clifton Hills and the southwest part includes the northern Deep Creek Range/Mountains. These uplands are separated by Overland Canyon and Clifton Flat (figure 1, plate 1). The quadrangle is in the Basin and Range physiographic province between the Great Salt Lake Desert to the east and Deep Creek Valley to the west. Terrain and vegetation are typical of the Basin and Range province and include rugged mountains separated by adjoining basins. Notable geographic landmarks within the mapping area include Montezuma Peak, Clifton Flat, Blood Mountain, Young Peak, and Abercrombie Peak. To the north of the quadrangle a few people reside in the hamlet of Gold Hill, which is named for an old mining outpost; however, no permanent settlement exists within the Clifton quadrangle. The area is accessible via U.S. Highway 93 south from Wendover then east on the Ibapah Road and following maintained paved and gravel roads to the Gold Hill townsite and south, or directly east to the Clifton map area. The area can also be accessed about 115 miles (185 km) northwest of Delta by mostly gravel roads. Land ownership in the quadrangle is primarily public (Federal and State), with private land on patented ground around significant mining areas. The northern part of the quadrangle (Clifton Hills area) contains the southern half of the Gold Hill mining district, periodically active since the late 1800s. The northern end of the Deep Creek Range/Mountains is covered by the Deep Creek Mountains Wilderness Study Area. To the east is the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground, whereas to the northeast is the U.S. Air Force Utah Test and Training Range-South area. Active uses of the quadrangle include mining, transportation, agriculture, and recreation.
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Jarpe, S. P., B. Moran, P. Goldstein, and L. A. Glenn. Implications of mining practices in an open-pit gold mine for monitoring of a comprehensive test-ban treaty. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/207601.
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Jarpe, S. P., P. Goldstein, B. Moran, and L. A. Glenn. Preliminary report on the implications of mining practices in an open-pit gold mine for monitoring of a comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/89555.
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Yu, Y. S. Capabilities, limitations and the use of the GEOROC computer package. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/325534.
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Computer codes have been used by various researchers in modelling viscoelastic formations, with a good degree of success. Serata used a complex rheological model, REM (Rheological Element Model) code, to simulate mine openings [2]. Others, in the U.S. Nuclear Waste Isolation Programme, have evaluated the capability of various codes for the design of nuclear waste repository [3]. Because of the proprietary nature of the above codes, they are not available to mine operators in Canada. Consequently, in 1984, CANMET initiated a research project to develop a numerical modelling package for use in the design of underground potash mine openings. GEOROC is the resultant computer program; it was developed by RE/SPEC Ltd., of Calgary under contract to CANMET. In recent years, computer simulation is playing an increasingly important role in evaluating the short and long term structural stability of underground mine openings, and in ground control studies related to mine design and layout. Such simulations are increasingly being used in the design of underground salt and potash mines. Because of the viscoelastic nature of salt rock formations, simulation models must take into consideration their time dependent properties if they are to correctly predict opening closures, ground stresses, and ground stability based on prescribed failure criteria. This presentation describes the capabilities, limitations and the use of computer code - GEOROC. A case history in which GEOROC is used to simulate a typical room and pillar mining section of a Western Canadian potash mine is provided. Predicted ground behaviour using the code is compared with actual behaviour as determined through field measurements. Results indicate that good correlation exits between predicted and measured ground behaviour, and is an encouragement to greater use of modelling in mine stability studies related to mine design.
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Rodrigues-Moura, Enrique, and Christina Märzhauser. Renegotiating the subaltern : Female voices in Peixoto’s «Obra Nova de Língua Geral de Mina» (Brazil, 1731/1741). Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-57507.
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Out of ~11.000.000 enslaved Africans disembarked in the Americas, ~ 46% were taken to Brazil, where transatlantic slave trade only ended in 1850 (official abolition of slavery in 1888). In the Brazilian inland «capitania» Minas Gerais, slave numbers exploded due to gold mining in the first half of 18th century from 30.000 to nearly 300.000 black inhabitants out of a total ~350.000 in 1786. Due to gender demographics, intimate relations between African women and European men were frequent during Antonio da Costa Peixoto’s lifetime. In 1731/1741, this country clerk in Minas Gerais’ colonial administration, originally from Northern Portugal, completed his 42-page manuscript «Obra Nova de Língua Geral de Mina» («New work on the general language of Mina») documenting a variety of Gbe (sub-group of Kwa), one of the many African languages thought to have quickly disappeared in oversea slaveholder colonies. Some of Peixoto’s dialogues show African women who – despite being black and female and therefore usually associated with double subaltern status (see Spivak 1994 «The subaltern cannot speak») – successfully renegotiate their power position in trade. Although Peixoto’s efforts to acquire, describe and promote the «Língua Geral de Mina» can be interpreted as a «white» colonist’s strategy to secure his position through successful control, his dialogues also stress the importance of winning trust and cultivating good relations with members of the local black community. Several dialogues testify a degree of agency by Africans that undermines conventional representations of colonial relations, including a woman who enforces her «no credit» policy for her services, as shown above. Historical research on African and Afro-descendant women in Minas Gerais documents that some did not only manage to free themselves from slavery but even acquired considerable wealth.
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Boily-Auclair, É., P. Mercier-Langevin, P. S. Ross, and D. Pitre. Alteration and ore assemblages of the LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) deposit and Ellison mineralized zones, Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329637.
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The LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) mine is part of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp and is located in the southern part of the Abitibi greenstone belt in northwestern Quebec. The LZ5 deposit consists of three stacked mineralized corridors: Zone 4, Zone 4.1, and Zone 5. Zones 4 and 4.1 are discontinuous satellite mineralized corridors, whereas Zone 5 represents the main mineralized body. The mineralized zones of the LZ5 deposit and adjacent Ellison property (Ellison A and B zones) are hosted in the strongly-deformed, 2699-2695 Ma transitional to calcalkaline, intermediate to felsic, volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Bousquet Formation upper member, which is part of the Blake River Group (2704-2695 Ma). Zones 4, 4.1, and 5 at the LZ5 mine are hosted in intermediate volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood andesitic to rhyodacitic unit (unit 5.1a), which forms the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation. The Ellison Zone A is hosted higher up in the stratigraphic sequence within a newly described intermediate volcanic unit. The Ellison Zone B is hosted in felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood feldsparphyric rhyolite dome (subunit 5.3a-(b)). Mineralization in all three zones of the LZ5 deposit consists of discordant networks of millimeter- to centimeter-thick pyrite ±chalcopyrite ±sphalerite ±pyrrhotite veins and veinlets (10-20 % of the volume of the rock) and, to a lesser extent, very finely disseminated pyrite and boudinaged veins (less than or equal to 5 vol. % each) in strongly altered host rocks. Gold commonly occurs as microscopic inclusions in granoblastic pyrite and at the triple junction between recrystallized grains. The veins, stockworks, and disseminations were intensely folded and transposed in the steeply south-dipping, east-west trending S2 foliation. The vein network is at least partly discordant to the stratigraphy. A distal alteration halo envelops the LZ5 mineralized corridors and consists of a sericite-carbonate-chlorite- feldspar ±biotite assemblage. A proximal sericite-carbonate-chlorite-pyrite-quartz- feldspar-biotite ±epidote alteration assemblage is present within the LZ5 mineralized zones. A local proximal alteration assemblage of sericite-quartz-pyrite is also locally developed within Zone 4 and Zone 5 of the LZ5 deposit. Mass gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O, and mass losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and locally SiO2, are characteristic of the LZ5 alteration zones. The Ellison zone A and B are similar to LZ5 in terms of style of mineralization, but thin (10-20 cm) veins or bands of semi-massive to massive, finely recrystallized disseminated pyrite (0.1-1 mm) are distinctive. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite are also slightly more abundant in the mineralized corridors of the Ellison property and are usually associated with elevated gold grades. The zones are also slightly richer than at LZ5 in terms of gold and silver content, but narrower and less continuous in general. The Ellison Zone A is characterized by gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O and losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and SiO2. Gains in Fe2O3 (t) and local gains in K2O, MgO, and MnO, and losses in CO2, Na2O, P2O5, and SiO2, characterize the felsic host rocks of the Zone B corridor. The style of mineralization at LZ5 (pyrite ±chalcopyrite veins and veinlets, ±disseminated pyrite with low base metal content), its setting (i.e. in rocks of intermediate composition at the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation), and the geometry of its ore zones (stacked lenses of sulfide veins and veinlets, without massive sulfide lenses) differ from the other major deposits of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp. Despite these differences, this study indicates that the LZ5 and Ellison mineralized corridors are of synvolcanic hydrothermal origin and have most likely been formed by convective circulation of seawater below the seafloor. An influx of magmatic fluids from the Mooshla synvolcanic intrusive complex or its parent magma chamber could explain the Au enrichment at LZ5, as has been suggested for other deposits of the camp. Evidence for a pre-deformation synvolcanic mineralization at LZ5 includes ductile deformation and recrystallization of the sulfides, the stacked nature of its ore zones, subconcordant alteration halos that envelop the mineralized corridors, evidence that the mineralized system was already active when the LZ5 lenses were deposited and control on mineralization by primary volcanic features such as the permeability and porosity of the volcanic rocks.
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Robert, Gillian. PR-420-153722-R01 Pipeline Right-of-Way Ground Movement Monitoring from InSAR. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011463.
Full textAbstract:
Longwall mining induces large surface motion that may impact active pipelines. Typical remediation for longwall mining involves shutting down and exposing the pipeline. The use of InSAR has the potential to provide accurate measurements confirming the expected ground movement that will occur with the mining operations. Used correctly, with an appropriate survey design, InSAR can provide extremely high densities of ground movement over time. Exploiting the wide-area capabilities of InSAR could become an important part of integrity management for pipelines where longwall mining is a consideration. InSAR surveys are well suited to the observation of spatially and temporally smooth movements. These movements can be very small (millimetres in months) or larger in areal extent and movement. We have previously shown the ground movement (of 9.8 ft in 12 years) along a pipeline associated with an enhance oil recovery operation. This work examines some of the design considerations necessary to observe fast, large scale deformation with InSAR. This is accomplished through modelling and through the examination of data captured over a pipeline/longwall mine in Pennsylvania. The qualitative description of the passage of the miner is very good. The local ground conditions in Pennsylvania make a more thorough examination of the ground movement available from SAR less accurate than it would be in regions better suited to InSAR measurements (for instance Wyoming).
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Miller, Jonah. Mining for Cosmic Gold with Supercomputers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1726140.
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Lkhaajav, Bolor. Mongolia’s mining partnerships extract foreign policy gold. East Asia Forum, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1703887207.
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