Journal articles on the topic 'Gold mineral system'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Gold mineral system.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Gold mineral system.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Cai, Liu Lu, Shuang Liu, Wen Juan Li, Cheng Ying Zhou, Wei Qu, and Yong Sheng Song. "Process Mineralogy of Jinshan Gold Ore Based on Mineral Liberation Analysis System." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1613.
Abstract:
Traditional measurement and modern SEM-based mineral liberation analysis (MLA) system were employed to obtain the process mineralogy characteristic of Jinshan gold ore which had high Au (6.20g/t) and low sulfide (0.25%). XBSE, XBSE_STD and SPL_Lt MLA modes are used in this case, which make the results timely, reliable and quantitative. The gold behaves irregular granular native gold or silver-bearing native gold of which the Au content ranging from 93%to 100%. Gold mainly occurred as liberated or in gold-carrying gangue minerals, such as quartz and biotite,rarely in pyrite in the form of fissure gold, inter-crystalline gold or inclusion gold . The particle size of the Gold minerals range from 0.001mm to 0.010mm , which is too fine to recover from beneficiating method. Combined process should be adopted.
2
Ji, Qiang, Guangsheng Li, Xingfu Zhu, Tengyue Gao, Guanglin Qin, Chao Xu, Mingming Cai, et al. "Process Mineralogy Automatic Detection System in Research of a Gold Polymetallic Mine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2428, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2428/1/012009.
Abstract:
Abstract Automatic process mineralogy detection system has been widely used in beneficiation process parameters detection, cause finding, and defect diagnosis in concentrators. A gold ore composition in Shandong is more complex, and recovery is difficult. To clarify the ore properties, mineral composition, main minerals, embedded characteristics, and monomer dissociation characteristics, the scanning electron microscope, BPMA, and energy spectrometer are used for the ore sample process mineralogy research to provide a reliable basis for the study of the selection process. The research shows that the main valuable elements in the ore are gold and copper, copper and gold symbiotic ore. Meanwhile, the gold, copper, and iron-containing minerals are closely embedded, pyrite and magnetite are the main minerals for sulfur recovery, and magnetite and limonite are the main minerals for producing iron concentrate. Automatic process mineralogy has played an important role in determining the selectability research and beneficiation process of the polymetallic gold ore.
3
D’yachkov, Boris A., Ainel Y. Bissatova, Marina A. Mizernaya, Sergey V. Khromykh, Tatiana A. Oitseva, Oxana N. Kuzmina, Natalya A. Zimanovskaya, and Saltanat S. Aitbayeva. "Mineralogical Tracers of Gold and Rare-Metal Mineralization in Eastern Kazakhstan." Minerals 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030253.
Abstract:
Replenishment of mineral resources, especially gold and rare metals, is critical for progress in the mining and metallurgical industry of Eastern Kazakhstan. To substantiate the scientific background for mineral exploration, we study microinclusions in minerals from gold and rare-metal fields, as well as trace-element patterns in ores and their hosts that may mark gold and rare-metal mineralization. The revealed compositions of gold-bearing sulfide ores and a number of typical minerals (magnetite, goethite, arsenopyrite, antimonite, gold and silver) and elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, and Sb) can serve as exploration guides. The analyzed samples contain rare micrometer lead (alamosite, kentrolite, melanotekite, cotunnite) and nickel (bunsenite, trevorite, gersdorffite) phases and accessory cassiterite, wolframite, scheelite, and microlite. The ores bear native gold (with Ag and Pt impurities) amenable to concentration by gravity and flotation methods. Multistage rare-metal pegmatite mineralization can be predicted from the presence of mineral assemblages including cleavelandite, muscovite, lepidolite, spodumene, pollucite, tantalite, microlite, etc. and such elements as Ta, Nb, Be, Li, Cs, and Sn. Pegmatite veins bear diverse Ta minerals (columbite, tantalite-columbite, manganotantalite, ixiolite, and microlite) that accumulated rare metals late during the evolution of the pegmatite magmatic system. The discovered mineralogical and geochemical criteria are useful for exploration purposes.
4
Safronov, P. P., and I. V. Kuznetsova. "AUTIGENIC MINERAL FORMATION AS AN OBJECTIVE FACTOR OF TRANSFORMATION OF TECHNOGENIC PLACERS." Geology and mineral resources of Siberia, no. 3 (2021): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20403/2078-0575-2021-3-83-93.
Abstract:
The paper presents the data of analytical scanning electron microscopy and mineralogical methods for studying the morphology and chemical composition of spiral man-induced products, metal spheroids and native gold from the alluvial mining waste. In all samples, including the tungsten “spiral”, mercurous gold was found. The spheroids were diagnosed as lead ones with a fine impregnation of alumina-silicate substance, antimony and copper ones with autigenic isometric and xenomorphic mineral deposits on the surface, etc. The inclusion of carbon in many newly formed minerals confirms the leading role of this element in the process of technogenic mineral formation as a reducing agent. The identified chemical diversity of numerous ore and rock phases is explained by complex physico-chemical processes occurring in the technogenic system, in which not only the residual gold is transformed, but also new ore-mineral complexes, including gold-containing ones, arise.
5
Mykhailov, V., S. Vyzhva, and S. Paiuk. "SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF THE MINERAL RAW MATERIAL BASE OF STRATEGIC MINERALS OF UKRAINE." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 4 (99) (2022): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.99.05.
Abstract:
A systematic analysis of the mineral resource base (MRB) of strategically important minerals for the Ukrainian economy is carried out. Four categories of strategic minerals from the point of view of their investment attractiveness are identified: traditional (iron, manganese, titanium, uranium, kaolin, sand molding, building stones, quartz raw materials, refractory clay); highly promising (rare earths, zirconium and hafnium, lithium, scandium, germanium, graphite, potassium salts, abrasive raw materials, piezooptical raw materials); promising (nickel, cobalt, chromium, aluminum, copper, tantalum and niobium, beryllium, gold, phosphorite, apatite, fluorspar, glauconite, limestones for sugar industry, flux limestones and dolomites, bentonite clays, feldspar, rough semi-precious stones); with unclear prospects (vanadium, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, platinum minerals, strontium, magnesium, arsenic, rubidium, cesium, barite, boron, dawsonite, bromine and iodine, mineral sorbents, high alumina raw materials, raw materials for mineral production of paints, fluorine, sulfur). Factors and criteria of investment attractiveness are determined and its expert assessment for deposits of metallic and industrial minerals and rocks of Ukraine is carried out, ways of creation of harmoniously developed balanced MRB of strategic minerals are shown.
6
Tsikon, Serhii, and Uliana Lushchak. "Research and evaluation criteria of hydrothermal oregination of rakhiv gold ore region (Transcarpathia)." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Geology Series 35, no. 35 (2021): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgl.35.02.
Abstract:
Complex of the searching-valuation criterions of the Rakhiv ore region gold mineralization have been elaborated. The main amongst them are mineralogy-genetic, geology-structural, thermobarogeochemical and mineralogy-physical ones. The main favorable criteria for gold are: the spread of productive mineral associations and syngeneic fluid inclusions with them; carbon dioxide-water composition of mineral-forming fluids, inclusions in minerals, the density of which does not exceed 0.5 g/cm3; medium temperature conditions of mineral formation (280–120 °С); distribution and sequence (from {100} + {210} to {210}) of crystallization of combined forms of pyrite, which are characterized by: mainly np- and p-conductivity and numerical vectors (in the coordinate system RV – average), oriented towards higher values hole conductivity; the presence of galena, the value of thermoelectric force which is more than 800 μV/deg. Based on the developed criteria, we offered a number of specific recommendations on the prospects of the studied ore occurrences, Saulyak deposit and Rakhiv gold ore district in general.
7
Ernawati, Rika, Arifudin Idrus, and Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus. "Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Gold Ore Low Sulfidation -Epithermal at Lamuntet, Brang Rea, West Sumbawa District, West Nusa Tenggara Province." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 4, no. 3 (September 21, 2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2019.4.3.1653.
Abstract:
There are two Artisanal Small scale Gold Mining (ASGM) location in Lamuntet, Brang Rea Subdistrict, West Nusa Tenggara Regency, namely Nglampar and Song location. Nglampar and Song location are included in the low sulfidation epithermal gold deposit system. The research purposes to analyze mineralogy and geochemistry of gold vein deposits and determine system of low sulfidation gold ore in Nglampar, Lamuntet Village. The methods used to determine the mineralogy of gold vein deposits are petrography, mineragraphy and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis, while geochemical analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fire Assay (FA) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the minerals contained were quartz (Qz), sericite (Ser), Chalcedon (Chc), chlorite (Chl), pyrite (Py), sphalerite (Sph), galena (Gn) , gold (Au), chalcopyrite (Cp), argentite (Ag), arsenopyrite (Apy), Azurit (Az), Malakit (Mal) and bornite (Bn). Abundant mineral availability such as sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite are characterized by high levels of Zn, Pb, Cu and As the metal in vein deposits. This can be seen on the chemical content of ore in gold vein deposits ie Au 0.1 ppm -27.8 ppm, Ag 3 ppm-185 ppm, Pb 101 ppm - 35,800 ppm, Zn 73 ppm-60,200 ppm, Cu 26 ppm - 1,740 ppm, and As 150 ppm - 6,530 ppm. Based on the results of SEM-EDS analysis shows that the type of gold mineral is the electrum because of the content of Ag> 20%. Based on those characteristics of the mineralogy and geochemistry in this study showed that low sulfidation gold ore in this area is categorized as polymetallic gold-silver system.
8
Zar, Aung Tay, I. Wayan Warmada, Lucas Donny Setijadji, and Koichiro Watanabe. "Geochemical Characteristics of Metamorphic Rock-Hosted Gold Deposit At Onzon-Kanbani Area, Central Myanmar." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2017.2.3.410.
Abstract:
Gold and associated base metal mineralization of Onzon-Kabani area located in the western border of generally N-S trending Mogoke Metamorphic Belt where well-known Sagaing fault is served as a western boundary of this area. In this research area, many artisanal and small-scale gold mines were noted in last three decades. Gold mineralization is hosted in marble and gneiss unit of research area but most common in marble unit. Variety of igneous intrusions are also observed in research area. Mineralizations are observed as fissure filling veins as well as lesser amount of disseminated nature in marble unit. Mineralogically, gold are associated with other base metal such as pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, marcasite and arsenopyrite. Hydrothermal alteration halos are developed in peripheral of hydrothermal conduits or mineralization veins from proximal to distal such as 1) silicic, 2) sericite-illite, and 3) propylitic alteration. Most of hydrothermal minerals from each altered zones showed that near neutral condition of pH (e.g. adularia, calcite, illite, sericite and chlorite). Alternatively, hydrothermal alteration zones that show with ore minerals such as native gold, electrum, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and marcasite which mostly observed in silicic alteration zone. Typical boiling characters of vein textures and fluid inclusion petrography are observed in hydrothermal system of research area. Boiling, cooling and mixing are possiblily responsible for gold deposition in hydrothermal system. In this paper, authors are documented to clarify the type of mineralization based on hydrothermal alterations, ore and gangue mineral assemblages and fluid inclusion study. All of these data can describe and play an important role for both with respect to understanding deposit genesis and in mineral exploration.
9
Zar, Aung Tay, I. Wayan Warmada, Lucas Donny Setijadji, and Koichiro Watanabe. "ALTERATION, VEIN TEXTURES AND FLUID INCLUSION PETROGRAPHY OF METAMORPHIC ROCK-HOSTED GOLD DEPOSIT AT ONZONKANBANI AREA, CENTRAL MYANMAR: IMPLICATION FOR ITS GENESIS." ASEAN Engineering Journal 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v8.15502.
Abstract:
Gold and base metal mineralization of Onzon-Kabani area is located at the western part of Mogok Metamorphic Belt in central Myanmar, where the well-known Sagaing Fault serves as its western boundary. Artisanal and small-scale gold operations started here three decades ago on gold mineralization hosted in marble and gneiss. Mineralization occurs as fracture-filling veins of several types: gold-bearing quartz vein, base metal quartz-carbonate vein, and carbonate base metal sulfides vein. Three types of hydrothermal alteration zones develop from the proximal to distal zone of hydrothermal conduit: silicic, sericite-illite and propylitic alteration. Alteration mineral assemblages consist of quartz, calcite, sericite, adularia, epidote, chlorite, illite and smectite which are typical of neutral pH hydrothermal fluid. The presence of adularia and calcite within veins indicate boiling event of near-neutral pH condition. Common vein textures of quartz and calcite are banded, crustiform, bladed calcite, lattice, mosaic or jigsaw, cockade, comb and zonal. Boiling-related mineral textures (e.g. banded, bladed and lattice) and fluid inclusion characteristics of coexisting liquid-rich and vapor-rich fluid inclusions have been identified in mineralized samples. Common ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and minor marcasite, electrum and native gold. Gold is mostly associated with quartz gangue, pyrite, sphalerite and galena. Fluid-inclusion study suggests the presence of liquid-rich and vapor-rich fluid inclusions which were trapped in boiling fluid at homogenization temperature of 159 to 315°C and moderate salinity of 0.88 to 12.51 wt.% NaCl equivalent. It is concluded that despite mesothermal gold system is more typical style of gold mineralization in the Mogok Metamorphic Belt, it is not the type of mineralization in the Onzon-Kanbani area. Instead, a low-sulfidation epithermal system is more characteristic to be present here. The knowledge generated from this study can serve as a guide in understanding new deposit type as well as mineral exploration in the region.
10
FERNANDES, CARLOS JOSÉ, GÊNOVA MARIA PULZ, ALESSANDRO SILVA OLIVEIRA, MARIA DO CARMO LIMA E CUNHA, ELZIO SILVA BARBOZA, FRANCISCO EGIDIO PINHO, and ÁLVARO PIZZATO QUADROS. "Diferenças Químicas e Texturais entre os Veios de Quartzo Férteis e Estéreis no Depósito Aurífero Pau-a-Pique (Grupo Aguapeí, Estado de Mato Grosso)." Pesquisas em Geociências 26, no. 2 (December 31, 1999): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.21128.
Abstract:
The quartz veins in the Pau-a-Pique gold deposit hosted in Aguapeí Group metassediments have textural, paragenetic and chemical characteristics that provide prospectives criteria for gold. Gold disseminations occur in the quartz vein system and in the hydrothermal halo. The highest gold grades are within quartz veins that have comb, saccaroidal and replacement textures. The barren veins show ribbon and buck textures. Both fertile and barren veins exhibit a lack of correlation between gold grades and of the other elements (As, Fe, Sc and Ta). This behavior indicates that gold grades might be adequate chemical criteria for distinction between barren and the fertile veins. Gold grains appear associated to martite and oxihydroxides pseudomorphs that replace the ore minerals in veins. The mineral assemblage and textures of the quartz veins, suggest a gold remobilization due to Eh-pH fluctuations related to interaction between the ore and the meteoric solutions.
11
Mueller, Matthias, Petri Peltonen, Pasi Eilu, Richard Goldfarb, and Eero Hanski. "The Mustajärvi orogenic gold occurrence, Central Lapland Greenstone Belt, Finland: a telluride-dominant mineral system." Mineralium Deposita 55, no. 8 (June 30, 2020): 1625–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-00990-w.
Abstract:
Abstract The Mustajärvi gold occurrence lies in the southern part of the Paleoproterozoic Central Lapland Greenstone Belt, in proximity to the first-order transcrustal Venejoki thrust fault system. The gold occurrence is structurally controlled by the second-order Mustajärvi shear zone, which is located at the contact between siliciclastic metasedimentary and mafic to ultramafic metavolcanic rocks. The main mineralization comprises a set of parallel veins and sulfidized rocks that are slightly oblique to the shear zone and are hosted by third-order structures likely representing Riedel R-type shears. The gold-mineralized rock at Mustajärvi is associated with pyrite that is present in 0.15- to 1-m-wide quartz-pyrite-tourmaline veins and in zones of massive pyrite in the host rocks with thicknesses ranging from 1.15 to 2 m. In unweathered rock, hypogene gold is hosted by Au- and Au-Bi-telluride micro-inclusions in pyrite, whereas strong weathering at near surface levels has caused a remobilization of gold, resulting in free gold deposited mainly in the cracks of oxidized pyrite. The geochemistry of both mineralization styles is typical of orogenic gold systems with strong enrichments comprising Au, B, Bi, CO2, Te, and Se; and less consistent anomalous amounts of Ag, As, Sb, and W. Unusual for orogenic gold deposits is the strong enrichment of Ni and Co, which leads to the classification of Mustajärvi as orogenic gold occurrence with atypical metal association.
12
Velev, Stefan, Kamen Bogdanov, Ivan Krumov, Ognian Ognianov, and Yana Georgieva. "Remote sensing mapping and 3D modelling of Petelovo Au-epithermal system, Panagyurishte ore district, Bulgaria." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 83, no. 3 (December 2022): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2022.83.3.203.
Abstract:
Remote sensing drone-based study combined with field mapping, XRD and XRF tests for mineral detection outlined advanced argillic, argillic and propylitic alteration domains within the Petelovo silica cap to demonstrate quick approach for mineral alteration mapping. Mineral alteration modelling by 3D Leapfrog Geo outlined zonal patterns around epithermal high-sulphidation Cu-Au mineralization could be employed as a pathfinder for gold enrichment.
13
Litvinenko, I. S., and L. A. Shilina. "Золотое оруденение Нижне-Мякитского рудно-россыпного узла (Северо-Восток России)." Bulletin of the North-East Science Center, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34078/1814-0998-2022-2-26-44.
Abstract:
A comprehensive study of native gold and ore mineral parageneses of the Berental intrusive-dome structure in the southeastern part of the Yano-Kolyma gold-bearing belt has been carried out. The zonality of mineralization is shown: from the central part (in the Berental stock endocontacts) with the Au-Bi-Te mineralization "style" to - As-Au (in the exocontacts of the stock) and, further, to Ag-Pb-Zn on the periphery. In the same direction changes the fineness of native gold in ores, from high and medium to low fineness. Antimony mineralization was noted at the final stage of ore formation. Vertical zoning is expressed in the silver-polysulfide type of mineralization changing with depth to sulfide-sulfoarsenide and, lower, bismuth-sulfotelluride. A rare mineral, maldonite (Au2Bi), is relatively widespread. The end-to-end ore minerals are pyrrhotite, native bismuth, and its tellurides. The obtained facts permitted to attribute the hydrothermal system of the Berental stock to the RIRGD type, i. e. to gold deposits associated with restored intrusives, which can contribute to the improvement of the methodology for prospecting and evaluation works at deposits of this type and to the discovery of large occurrences in terms of reserves.
14
Lipko, Sergey, Vladimir Tauson, and Valeriy Bychinskii. "Gold Partitioning in a Model Multiphase Mineral-Hydrothermal Fluid System: Distribution Coefficients, Speciation and Segregation." Minerals 10, no. 10 (October 7, 2020): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100890.
Abstract:
The characteristics of Au partitioning in a multiphase, multicomponent hydrothermal system at 450 °C and 1 kbar pressure were obtained using experimental and computational physicochemical modelling and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis. Sphalerite and magnetite contained 0.1–0.16 ± 0.02 µg/g Au and coexisted with galena and bornite which contained up to 73 ± 5 and 42 ± 10 µg/g Au, respectively. Bornite and chalcopyrite were the most effective Au scavengers with cocrystallization coefficients Au/Fe and Au/Cu in mineral-fluid system n–n × 10−2. Sphalerite and magnetite were the weakest Au absorbers, although Fe impurity in sphalerite facilitated Au uptake. Using the phase composition correlation principle, Au solubility in minerals was estimated (µg/g Au): low-Fe sphalerite = 0.7, high-Fe sphalerite = 5, magnetite = 1, pyrite = 3, pyrite-Mn = 7, pyrite-Cu = 10, pyrrhotite = 21, chalcopyrite = 110, bornite = 140 and galena = 240. The sequence reflected increasing metallicity of chemical bonds. Gold segregation occurred at crystal defects, and on surfaces, and influenced Au distribution due to its segregation at crystal interblock boundaries enriched in Cu-containing submicron phases. The LA-ICP-MS analysis of bulk and surficial gold admixtures revealed elevated Au content in surficial crystal layers, especially for bornite and galena, indicating the presence of a superficial nonautonomous phase (NAP) and dualism in the distribution of gold. Thermodynamic calculations showed that changes in experimental conditions, primarily in sulfur regime, increased the content of the main gold species (AuCl2− and AuHS0) and decreased the content of FeCl20, the prevailing form of iron in the fluid phase. The elevation of S2 and H2S fugacity affected Au partitioning and cocrystallization coefficients. Using Au content in pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite and bornite from volcanic-sedimentary, skarn-hosted and magmatic-hydrothermal sulfide deposits, the ranges of metal ratios in fluids were estimated: Au/Fe = n × 10−4−n × 10−7 and Au/Cu = n × 10−4−n × 10−6. Pyrite and magnetite were crystallized from solutions enriched in Au compared to chalcopyrite and bornite. The presence of NAP, and associated dualism in distribution coefficients, strongly influenced Au partitioning, but this effect does not fully explain the high gold fractionation into mineral precipitates in low-temperature geothermal systems.
15
Jian, Wei, Jingwen Mao, Bernd Lehmann, Yanhe Li, Huishou Ye, Jianhui Cai, and Zongyan Li. "Lingbaoite, AgTe3, a new silver telluride from the Xiaoqinling gold district, central China." American Mineralogist 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 745–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7167.
Abstract:
Abstract Lingbaoite, AgTe3, is a new silver telluride discovered in the S60 gold-bearing quartz vein, Xiaoqinling gold district, central China. The new mineral is named after Lingbao city, the municipality of which covers a major part of the Xiaoqinling gold district. Lingbaoite is only microscopically visible and occurs within pyrite as small composite inclusions (<50 μm) that commonly consist of lingbaoite, sylvanite, and chalcopyrite, and locally of bornite, galena, altaite, and stützite. The largest lingbaoite grain is about 30 × 12 μm in size. At least two stages of gold and telluride mineralization are recognized in the lingbaoite-bearing sample set. The first stage is characterized by the deposition of lingbaoite, native tellurium, and sylvanite, within the commonly observed mineral assemblages of lingbaoite + sylvanite + chalcopyrite and sylvanite + native tellurium + stützite. The second stage is characterized by the deposition of Bi-bearing minerals and native gold, within the commonly observed mineral assemblages of rucklidgeite + altaite + volynskite ± hessite ± petzite and rucklidgeite + gold ± altaite. Lingbaoite is opaque and exhibits no internal reflections. In plane-polarized reflected light, lingbaoite shows a creamy yellow reflection color. The calculated density is 7.06 g/cm3. Seventeen WDS spot analyses from 17 different lingbaoite grains gave an empirical formula of Ag0.946Fe0.134Cu0.008Pb0.003 Te2.841S0.067. When considering Ag and Te as the only two essential structural components, the empirical formula is Ag1.00Te3.00. The EBSD and SAED data confirm the structural identity of lingbaoite and synthetic AgTe3. Synthetic AgTe3 is trigonal, space group R3m, with a = 8.645 Å, c = 5.272 Å, V = 341.2 Å3, and Z = 3. The unit-cell parameters of lingbaoite are: a = 8.60 (5) Å, c = 5.40 (18) Å, V = 346 (9) Å3, and Z = 3. Synthetic AgTe3, and by analog lingbaoite, can be viewed as silver-stabilized cubic tellurium, which is an ordered (1:3 Ag:Te) analog of the α-polonium structure (i.e., simple cubic crystal structure). Synthetic AgTe3 becomes a stable phase at above 0.4 GPa, but can also occur in a metastable state at atmospheric pressure. Lingbaoite probably formed through the cooling of polymetallic melt droplets within the hydrothermal system. Lingbaoite and associated minerals (e.g., sylvanite, native tellurium) reveal a previously unrecognized but perhaps common magmatic-hydrothermal process in the Xiaoqinling gold district, which precedes the precipitation of native gold, suggesting that gold mineralization in the Xiaoqinling gold district involves multiple superimposed processes of gold enrichment.
16
Li, Ruihong, Ntwali Albert, Menghe Yun, Yinsheng Meng, and Hao Du. "Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of the Archean Basement-Hosted Gold Deposit in Pinglidian, Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China: Constraints on Auriferous Quartz-Vein Exploration." Minerals 9, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9010062.
Abstract:
The gold deposits that are hosted in the Archean metamorphic rock, have yet to be explored beyond Pinglidian gold deposit in the northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China. This kind of gold deposit differs from those that are hosted in Mesozoic granitoids, showing good potential for the prospecting of auriferous quartz-vein gold deposits controlled by the structures in greenfield Archean metamorphic rock. Pinglidian gold deposit is located in the hanging wall of the Jiaojia fault and consists of eight separated orebodies that are enveloped by altered rock in Archean biotite plagiogneiss. These orebodies and wall-rock alterations are strongly controlled by local structures that formed during the Mesozoic rotation and kink folding of the foliated and fissile Archean basement host. The major wall-rock alterations comprise sericitization, silicification, pyritization, and carbonation, which is up to 18 m in width and progressively increases in intensity towards the auriferous quartz vein. The visible gold is present as discrete native gold and electrum grains, which have basically filled in all manner of fractures or are adjacent to galena. We recognize two types of gold bearing quartz veins that are associated with mineral paragenetic sequences during hydrothermal alteration in the Pinglidian gold deposit. The petrological features and geochemical compositions in the reaction fronts of the alteration zone suggest variations in the physicochemical conditions during ore formation. These minerals in the wall rock, such as plagioclase, biotite, zircon, titanite, and magnetite, have been broken down to hydrothermal albite, sericite, and quartz in a K–Na–Al–Si–O–H system, and sulfides in a Fe–S–O–H system. The major and trace elements were calculated by the mass-balance method, showing gains during early alteration and losses during late alteration. The contents of K2O, Na2O, CaO, and LOI varied within the K–Na–Al–Si–O–H system during alteration, while Fe2O3 and MgO were relatively stable. Rare-earth elements (REE) changed from gains to losses alongside the breakdown of accessory minerals, such as large ion lithophile elements (LILE). The Sr and Ba contents exhibited high mobility during sericite-quartz alteration. Most of the low-mobility high-field strength elements (HFSE) were moderately depleted, except for Pb, which was extremely high in anomalous samples. The behavior of trans-transition elements (TRTE) was related to complicated sulfides in the Fe–S–O–H system and was constrained by the parameters of the mineral assemblages and geochemical compositions, temperature, pressure, pH, and fO2. These factors during ore formation that were associated with the extents and intensity of sulfide alteration and gold precipitation can be utilized to evaluate the potential size and scale of an ore-forming hydrothermal system, and is an effective exploration tool for widespread auriferous quartz veins in Archean metamorphic basements.
17
Ali, Rinal Khaidar, Tri Winarno, and Muhammad Ainurrofiq Jamalulail. "Karakteristik Alterasi dan Mineralisasi Tipe Epitermal Daerah Gunung Budheg dan Sekitarnya, Tulungagung, Jawa Timur." EKSPLORIUM 41, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/eksplorium.2020.41.1.5676.
Abstract:
ABSTRAK Penemuan bongkah-bongkah vuggy quartz di sekitar Desa Pojok, daerah Gunung Budheg, Tulungagung, Jawa Timur, mengindikasikan adanya proses endapan mineral di daerah tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membahas lebih detail karakteristik alterasi dan mineralisasi serta tipe endapan mineral di daerah penelitian. Metode penelitian berupa pengamatan lapangan dilengkapi dengan analisis laboratorium petrografi, X-ray Difraction (XRD) dan mineragrafi. Satuan batuan di daerah penelitian tersusun atas enam satuan litologi yaitu satuan intrusi dasit, satuan lava andesit, satuan breksi andesit, satuan breksi polimik, satuan batugamping terumbu dan aluvium. Tipe alterasi di daerah penelitian adalah alterasi profilitik, argilik, argilik lanjut, dan silisifikasi. Alterasi profilitik dicirikan oleh melimpahnya mineral klorit. Alterasi argilik dicirikan dengan melimpahnya mineral kaolin, sementara argilik lanjut dicirikan oleh hadirnya mineral kaolinit dan alunit. Alterasi silisifikasi yang dicirikan oleh melimpahnya mineral kuarsa. Mineral logam yang ditemukan di daerah penelitian didominasi oleh kelompok mineral sulfida seperti kovelit, kalkosit, enargit, kalkopirit, pirit, dan jarosit. Emas native ditemukan berasosiasi dengan enargit. Sistem endapan mineral pada daerah penelitian merupakan sistem epitermal sulfidasi tinggi dicirikan oleh kuarsa berongga (vuggy quartz) yang termineralisasi dan kehadiran mineral kaolin sebagai mineral hasil alterasi.ABSTRACT The discovery of vuggy quartz boulders around Pojok Village, Gunung Budheg area, Tulungagung, East Java, indicates the presence of mineral deposits process in this area. This study aims to discuss detailed characteristics of alteration and mineralization as well as mineral deposits type in the study area. The research methods are field observations completed with petrography, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and mineragraphy laboratory analysis. The rock unit in the study area consists of six lithology units, a dacitic intrusion, andesitic lava, andesitic breccia, poly-mix breccia, reef limestone, and alluvium. The study area's alteration types are profilitic alteration, argillic alteration, advanced argillic, and silicification alteration. The profilitic alteration characterized by the abundance of chlorite minerals. The argillic alteration characterized by the abundance of kaolin minerals, while the advanced argillic alteration by the presence of kaolinite and alunite minerals. The silicification alteration characterized by abundance quartz minerals. The metallic minerals dominated in the area are sulfide minerals such as covellite, chalcocite, enargite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and jarosite. The native gold found in an association with enargite. The study area's mineral deposit system is an epithermal high sulfidation system characterized by mineralized vuggy quartz and the presence of kaolinite mineral as an alteration mineral.
18
Lu, Lin Lin, Wen Sheng Lv, Peng Yang, and Gen Bo Yu. "Optimization of Economic Indexes in Cangshang Gold Mine." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1845–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1845.
Abstract:
Based on system modeling, including ore reserves model, mineral processing model and comprehensive technical economic analysis model, the major economic indexes of Cangshang Gold Mine were multi-objective optimized by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. After optimization, the total profits, gold output and NPV were improved.
19
Mayorova, Tatiana Petrovna, Sergei Karpovich Kuznetsov, Ludmila Ivanovna Efanova, and Natalia Vladimirovna Sokerina. "Gold–Sulfide Mineralization in the Manitanyrd Region, Polar Urals, Russia." Minerals 13, no. 6 (May 30, 2023): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13060747.
Abstract:
This article describes the characteristics of gold–sulfide–quartz and gold–sulfide (gold–arsenic) ore occurrences in the Manitanyrd region of the Polar Urals. Ore occurrences are confined to NE-trending shear zones and have the common features of a geological structure. The host rocks are metamorphosed volcanic and volcanic–sedimentary rocks. We analyzed the mineral and chemical composition of the ore mineralization in all studied ore occurrences, showing that they belong to the same mineral type—pyrite–arsenopyrite, with a variable ratio of the main minerals. Arsenic pyrite is present in all ore occurrences. Two stages of ore formation were distinguished: early gold–pyrite–arsenopyrite with finely dispersed gold and late gold–galena–chalcopyrite–sphalerite with coarse gold, fahlore, and sulfosalts Pb, Cu, Bi, Sb. Native gold of the first generation, finely dispersed in arsenopyrite and pyrite, had an average to high fineness (800‰–1000‰) with a relatively low dispersion. Native gold of the second generation was larger, and its fineness in ore occurrences varied; in one of them, it varied from 300‰ to 950‰, while in others, it varied from 800‰ to 950‰. The isotope composition of sulfur in sulfides (δ34S) ranged between −0.2‰ and −8.0‰. δ34S values of sulfides in the range of −0.2‰ to −3.5‰ were similar to meteorite, indicating the participation of a single deep magmatic source of sulfur in the ore formation. According to the study of fluid inclusions, the formation of ore quartz veins occurs in the temperature range of 467–109 °C. The similarity of the geological–structural, mineralogical–geochemical, and isotope–geochemical features of the gold–sulfide–quartz and gold–sulfide occurrences in the area suggest their formation in a single hydrothermal system.
20
Tagiev, Islam I., Namat V. Paşayev, and Vagif M. Karimov. "Volcanic and fault-fractured ore-controlling structures and minerals of the Azerbaijan part of the Lesser Caucasus." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 3 (October 7, 2021): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112153.
Abstract:
This article is focused on volcanic and fault-fissure ore-controlling structures of the Lesser Caucasus. The territory of the Lesser Caucasus is dissected by many deep tectonicfaults, along which volatile compound sofpostmagmatic products and water vapor migrate from great depths. The presence of numerous tectonic deep faults, which provide hydrodynamic connection of waters of fracturse, and fracture-veins, determines the complex mineralization of the chemical and gas composition of mineral-thermal waters throughout the studied area. The study of volcano-intrusive and fault-fracture ore-controlling structures, volcanogenic formations, petrochemical composition of rocks and associated mineral deposits and mineral-thermal waters of the Azerbaijan part of the Lesser Caucasus is relevant from a scientific and practical points of view. A detailed study of the modern structure of the Lesser Caucasus shows that transverse rupture faults and deep flexures cut through the folded system. Deposits of various minerals, including mineral and thermal waters, are confined to these ruptured faults. The study revealed that the formation and discharge of numerous outcrops of carbonic mineral and thermal waters occurs mainly in fissure systems, in deep tectonic faults. In the Lok-Karabakh zone, most of the sources of the formation of gold-bearing placers belong to the deposits and manifestations of the gold- quartz-low-sulphide formation. Gosha, Kedabek, Karadag, Chovdar, Dagkesemen, Gyzylbulag and less significant deposits and ore occurrences are located in this zone. The Dashkesan ore region is distinguished by the reserves of iron, alunite and cobalt. The Zaylik alunite deposits are world famous in terms of large reserves. Analysis of geological materials confirms that the origin and distribution of deep tectonic faults plays a major role in the formation of geological, including volcanoplutonic, metamorphic processes and associated ore formation. Currently, there are dozens of variously evaluated and explored gold deposits on the territory of the Republic. The bulk of the primary deposits are located in the Lesser Caucasus part of the Republic.
21
Lu, Zhongbo, Guangsheng Li, Xingfu Zhu, Mingming Cai, and Chao Xu. "Process mineralogy characteristics of a very fine disseminated refractory gold deposit." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2557, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2557/1/012083.
Abstract:
Abstract The grade, recovery rate, or leaching rate of gold concentrate obtained by the flotation process or cyanide leaching process of gold ore is low, which is typical refractory gold ore. In order to fully understand the properties of the gold ore and optimize the gold recovery process and indicators, the process mineralogy of the ore was systematically studied by means of chemical multi-element analysis, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray energy spectrometer, automatic mineral parameter analysis system (BPMA), and other test methods. The results show that the average grade of valuable element gold in the ore is 2.98g/t, and the contents of harmful elements mercury and carbon are 0.50% and 0.32% respectively; The main gold ore is natural gold, with a small amount of silver gold and tellurium gold; The main metal minerals are pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, hematite, etc; The main gangue minerals include quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, mica, calcite, etc. Under the condition that the grinding fineness is -0.074mm, accounting for 90%, the distribution rates of single gold and bare gold in the ore are 3.15% and 57.66% respectively, and the distribution rates of gold with pyrite and quartz crystals are 5.77%, and the total distribution rates of the three are 66.58%, that is, the maximum theoretical flotation recovery rate of gold under the grinding fineness, but the particle size and fineness of gold minerals are both 5 μ Below m, the particle size of some gold ores is less than 0.5 μ m. It exists in the form of fine particles, micro gold, or ultra-micro gold, and it is difficult to recover gold by the flotation process, so it is recommended to adopt the whole slime cyanidation leaching process.
22
Ivasenko, Ruslan N., Yuri V. Popov, Marina I. Fomina, Tatiyana I. Mikhalitsyna, and Elena D. Skilskaya. "Mineral Associations of Gold-Ore Occurences, Berental Ore Cluster (North-East of Russia)." UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, no. 1 (205) (March 31, 2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2020-1-53-61.
Abstract:
Berental prospective ore cluster (Magadan region) hosts a many ore occurrences, which differ in mineral composition, ore productivity, features of secondary and primary dispersion halos. As a result of the study of ores, mineral associations have been characterized, the stages of formation of ore occurrences and the alteration of the ore cluster have been established. The interrelation of five genetic types of native gold with mineral associations is revealed. Key ore occurrences have formed during several stages of ore formation associated with the evolution of a common hydro-thermal system. The earliest mineral association (arsenopyrite-lellingite), which contains the first generation of gold, was formed in the quartz-sericite facies in marginal parts of Berental stock and refers to the lower level of erosion truncation. After that, arsenopyrite-telluride association was formed in the marginal granites and arsenopyrite-galenobismutite association was formed in the exomorfic zone, they contain gold of the second - fourth generations with signs of recrystallization and diffusion transformations. Arsenopyrite-silver and pyrite-silver ore associations are localized at the upper level of the erosion trancation in calcium-containing birch with quartz veins, these associations contain low-fineness gold of the fourth and fifth generations. Pay gold mineralization of the Berental ore field is associated with arsenopyrite-telluride and arsenopyrite-galenobismutite associations, contains gold with a fineness of 750-945 %. The spatial placement of mineral associations is consistent with the placement of secondary and prima-ry scattering halos: complex Au-Bi-As halos accompany arsenopyrite-lellingite, arsenopyrite-telluride and arsenopy-rite-galenobismutite associations; for Au-As-Ag and Au-Ag-Pb-Zn association there is a spatial conjugation with ar-senopyrite-silver and pyrite-silver associations, respectively.
23
Roldán-Contreras, Edmundo, Juan Hernández-Ávila, Eduardo Cerecedo-Sáenz, Ma Isabel Reyes-Valderrama, and Eleazar Salinas-Rodríguez. "Use of the System S2o3 (2-) -O2 for the Leaching of Precious Metals Contained in a Mineral From Molango in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n3p48.
Abstract:
The newer tendencies of research, related with the leaching of precious metals, involves the use of non toxic reagents that allows the leaching of a mineral of sedimentary origin using the system S2 - O3 2- - O2. Prior to thisprocess, the mineral was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry of X – rays (EDS), X- ray mapping. Finally, the chemical composition was executed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP). According to the results obtained, it was possible to determine that the mineral studied has adequate contents of gold, palladium, silver, and platinum. And after the leaching process, it could be possible to leach the gold and palladium that it contains, getting recoveries of 90% and 85 %, respectively. In the case of silver, a redissolution or precipitation could occur during the first minutes of reaction.
24
Akinseye, P. O., and F. T. Cawood. "The South African mining royalty regime: Considerations for modifying the system to balance its competing objectives." Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 121, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1378/2021.
Abstract:
Mineral royalties are one of the oldest forms of mining taxation, and were initially introduced to extract economic rents from mining. Over time, the royalty regime has become more complex as it was identified as an important policy instrument that can achieve more multi-faceted outcomes. Such a multi-tiered approach in the use of the royalty instrument is also the case with South Africa. With South Africa's new mineral royalty regime now in place for ten years, it is perhaps time to assess its impact and effectiveness. To carry out this assessment, an econometric evaluative study was undertaken using four major commodities in South Africa, namely gold, platinum, iron ore, and coal. The study explored five different policy options for government to consider and tested them to determine the most favourable one that will realize the regime's policy objectives. After the assessment, two major options stood out. Hence, this paper seeks to highlight which of the two options is the most favourable for consideration by policymakers. Based on that study, we find that the current structure is effective, but also recommend that the factors in the formula for refined minerals be 'modified' to reduce the capped profitability ratio from the current 60% to 30% and the maximum royalty rate for refined minerals from 5% to 3%. The minimum rate of 0.5% during times of depressed mineral prices and no or low profitability will not be affected.
25
Belkin, Harvey E., and Andrew E. Grosz. "Platinum and gold placer from Tugidak Island, Alaska: Platinum-group minerals and their inclusions, gold, and chromite mineralogy." Canadian Mineralogist 59, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 667–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2000016.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Black sand beach placers from Kodiak, Sitkinak, and Tugidak Islands, Alaska, have been mined intermittently for gold and minor platinum-group alloys for more than 100 years. High-grade platinum-rich magnetic separate and accompanying black sand from the southern beach placer of Tugidak Island were studied using electron microprobe WDS and scanning electron microscope EDS; mineral classification and identification were based on these techniques. The major platinum mineral is isoferroplatinum, followed by minor tetraferroplatinum and tulameenite, and rare ferronickelplatinum. Two types of alteration were identified in about 3–4% of the alloy grains: rim formation involving Pt loss and increased Fe, Ni, and/or Cu, and fracturing and vein filling by Cu-rich alloy. Ruthenium-Ir-Os-Pt alloys occur as inclusions and veins as well as form part of composite grains. Ten percent of the alloy grains contain a large variety of platinum-group minerals (PGM). Inclusions of cuprorhodsite, malanite, cuproiridsite, laurite, erlichmanite, cooperite, braggite, bowieite, kashinite, miassite, hollingworthite, irarsite, sperrylite, stillwaterite, genkinite, stibiopalladinite, keithconnite, zvyagintsevite, and probable palladodymite and vincentite were identified. Two unidentified inclusion phases also occur. Most of the PGM inclusions are primary and were trapped by a growing crystal from a melt; some inclusions exhibit textures that suggest trapping of an As,Te,S-rich immiscible melt. Secondary inclusions and evidence of deformation were observed in a few alloy grains. Associated with PGM inclusions or as separate inclusions are various base-metal sulfides. Two silicate-melt inclusions in one isoferroplatinum grain have an andesite–shoshonite composition. Minor gold and Ag-rich gold in the high-grade magnetic separate contain magnetite, pyrrhotite, and chromite inclusions. The gold composition suggests that their sources are the numerous quartz veins and apophyses related to granitoids on Kodiak Island. The composition of the placer chromite is similar to chromite from the Border Ranges mélange fault system and suggests that the Uyak Complex ultramafic and mafic rocks are part of a supra-subduction-zone ophiolite and are the source of the platinum-group minerals.
26
Groves, David I., Liang Zhang, and M. Santosh. "Subduction, mantle metasomatism, and gold: A dynamic and genetic conjunction." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 7-8 (November 4, 2019): 1419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35379.1.
Abstract:
Abstract Global gold deposit classes are enigmatic in relation to first-order tectonic scale, leading to controversial genetic models and exploration strategies. Traditionally, hydrothermal gold deposits that formed through transport and deposition from auriferous ore fluids are grouped into specific deposit types such as porphyry, skarn, high- and low-sulfidation–type epithermal, gold-rich volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), Carlin-type, orogenic, and iron-oxide copper-gold (IOCG), and intrusion-related gold deposits (IRGDs). District-scale mineral system approaches propose interrelated groups such as porphyry Cu-Au, skarn Cu-Au-Ag, and high-sulfidation Au-Ag. In this study, the temporal evolution of subduction-related processes in convergent margins was evaluated to propose a continuum of genetic models that unify the various types of gold deposits. At the tectonic scale of mineral systems, all hydrothermal gold deposits are interrelated in that they formed progressively during the evolution of direct or indirect subduction-related processes along convergent margins. Porphyry-related systems formed initially from magmatic-hydrothermal fluids related to melting of fertile mantle to initiate calc-alkaline to high-K felsic magmatism in volcanic arcs directly related to subduction. Formation of gold-rich VMS systems was related to hydrothermal circulation driven by magmatic activity during rifting of oceanic arcs. Orogenic gold deposits formed largely through fluids derived from devolatilization of the downgoing slab and overlying sediment wedge during late transpression in the orogenic cycle. Carlin-type deposits, IRGDs, and some continental-arc porphyry systems formed during the early stages of orogenic collapse via fluids directly or indirectly related to hybrid magmatism from melting of lithosphere that was metasomatized and gold-fertilized by earlier fluid release from subduction zones near margins of continental blocks. The IOCGs were formed during postorogenic asthenosphere upwelling beneath such subduction-related metasomatized and fertilized lithospheric blocks via fluid release and explosive emplacement of volatile-rich melts. Thus, importantly, subduction is clearly recognized as the key unifying dynamic factor in gold metallogenesis, with subduction-related fluids or melts providing the critical ore components for a wide variety of gold-rich deposit types.
27
Steenfelt, Agnete, Henrik Stendal, Bo Møller Nielsen, and Thorkild M. Rasmussen. "Gold in central West Greenland – known and prospective occurrences." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 4 (July 20, 2004): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v4.4787.
Abstract:
In 2003, the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) completed a four-year project aimed at assessing the mineral potential of the Precambrian region of West Greenland between latitudes 66° and 70°15´N. The project was part of a contract between GEUS and the Ministry of the Environment, and involved compilation of existing geoscientific data, new geological mapping, field examinations of known and potential mineral occurrences, new chemical and isotope analyses, and data interpretation. The data compilation, available on a DVD (Schjøth et al. 2004), comprises regional, systematically acquired data sets presented in a Geographic Information System environment. Aeromagnetic, aeroradiometric, stream sediment and rock geochemical and gravity data, a digital elevation model and a satellite image are included, plus descriptions of 60 mineral occurrences. Evaluation of the mineral potential is based on interpretations of the compiled information as well as on earlier investigations by the Survey, the University of Copenhagen and commercial companies (see e.g. Stendal & Schønwandt 2003; Stendal et al. 2004). From an economic point of view, the potential for gold and diamonds is the most interesting in the investigated area. This paper summarises the evaluation of the gold potential; results of diamond-related investigations are reported separately (Jensen & Secher 2004, this volume).
28
S. Aliyu, N., M. A. Adebisi, O. J. Ataman, T. Mathew, and O. Suleiman. "A GIS-based modified frequency ratio model for gold potential mapping in Kelantan Malaysia." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 11, no. 1 (May 26, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/rx406g88.
Abstract:
Mineral system factors control the distributions of orogenic gold deposits in our immediate geological environment. The spatial knowledge of the relationship between the mineral factors and the gold deposits are crucial to locating these deposits in the environment. However, there is a current challenge in understanding the spatial correlation between ore genesis factors and orogenic deposits. Our paper analysed the spatial relationship between ore controlling factors and orogenic gold deposits in the Gua Musang area Kelantan, Malaysia. The procedure applied a modified frequency ratio model (MFR) to generate the gold potential map of the study area. The model relied on the spatial distribution of known gold deposits to predict new ones. Eight (8) known gold deposits and five (5) selected factors were used in the analysis. These factors include NE-SW lineaments, NW-SE lineament, host rock, heat source, alteration of iron and clay. The new findings show the factor with the highest predicting rate (Lineaments NE-SW) as the major gold deposits distribution factors within the study area. The created map highlight both known and new deposit locations. The area under curved (AUC) statistical graphs were used for the accuracy test. The results show 92.50% accuracy; thus, the approach is adaptable for gold mapping in Malaysia.
29
Tolstykh, Nadezhda, Maria Shapovalova, Elena Shaparenko, and Daria Bukhanova. "The Role of Selenium and Hydrocarbons in Au-Ag Ore Formation in the Rodnikovoe Low-Sulfidation (LS) Epithermal Deposit, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia." Minerals 12, no. 11 (November 9, 2022): 1418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12111418.
Abstract:
Gold-silver mineralization in the Rodnikovoe LS epithermal deposit is characterized by selenium speciation. Two main alternating ore assemblages have been identified: silver-aguilarite-acanthite and gold-uytenbogaardtite-acanthite. The former mineral association is intergrown with secondary silver (Ag0.77–0.91), whereas the latter assemblage is closely associated with high-grade gold (Au0.63–0.67). However, both are dominated by Ag0.49–0.56Au0.44–0.51 alloys. The geochemical evolution of the ore-forming system developed in the direction: Fe → Cu; Ag → Au; S → Se; As → Sb. Organic compounds (1 relative %) of both biogenic and thermogenic origin were found in fluid inclusions. These molecules participated in the formation of Ag,Au-complexes and transported noble metals along with selenium. Hydrothermal fluids are characterized by fSe2/fS2 ratios < 1, conditions such that the deposition of selenide minerals is inhibited, except for the naumannite and acanthite series. These conditions allow active entry of selenium into sulfosalts (the selenium substitutes for sulfur).
30
Sadirov, Rustam M., Abdisalim B. Yusupov, Shаkhodat V. Usmanova, and Alexandr V. Tevelev. "Metasomatites of gold deposits and their connection with ore process of mountain Auminzatau (Central Kyzylkum)." Ser-5_2023_4, no. 5, 2023 (October 18, 2023): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9406-4-2023-63-5-13-17.
Abstract:
The characteristics of mineral composition and features of metasomatic rocks of gold ore deposits of the Auminzatau mountains in the Central Kyzylkum are identified. The corresponding stages of ore mineralization are associated with certain types of metasomatites, which are their typomorphic features and reflect the features of the evolution of the stages and stages of a single mineral-forming system, which can be used as search criteria.
31
Drobiec, Łukasz, Radosław Jasiński, Wojciech Mazur, and Remigiusz Jonkiel. "The effect of the strengthening of AAC masonry walls using FRCM system." Cement Wapno Beton 25, no. 5 (2020): 376–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32047/cwb.2020.25.5.4.
Abstract:
This paper describes results from testing the tensile strength of compressed masonry walls strengthened with fiber-reinforced cement matrix [FRCM] system on one side, both sides, or without any strengthening. Test models were prepared from masonry units made of autoclaved aerated concrete SOLBET OPTIMAL 4/600. Walls were built with a ready-mixed mortar for thin layer joints of class M5, without fi lling head joints. PBO fi bre grids embedded in a mineral matrix were used as superfi cial strengthening. Lateral surfaces of masonry walls were strengthened with ready-mixed mortar PBO-MX GOLD MASONRY with embedded grid PBO--MESH GOLD 22/22. Then, the surface layer of ready-mix mortar PBO-MX GOLD MASONRY was applied. The used superfi cial strengthening provided an additional strengthening of the cracked models and their safer behaviour after failure.
32
Sirisokha, Seang, Lucas Donny Setijadji, and I. Wayan Warmada. "MINERAL POTENTIAL MAPPING USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) FOR GOLD MINERALIZATION IN WEST JAVA, INDONESIA." Journal of Applied Geology 7, no. 1 (July 27, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.26980.
Abstract:
Western Java is a part of the Sunda Banda magmatic belt. This belt is well known to be host for several gold deposits in Indonesia, the distribution of 107 Au occurrences in this area was examined in terms of spatial association with various geological phenomena. The goal of this project is to use GIS to conduct weights of evidence (WofE) model for gold mineralization in West Java, Indonesia. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, querying, analyzing, and displaying geospatial data and weight of evidence method is one of the most important datadriven methods for mapping in GIS. The method is a probability based on technique for mapping mineral potential using the spatial distribution of known mineral occurrences. Therefore this method is very useful for gold potential mapping. There are six evidences maps such as NE–SW lineaments NW–SE Lineament, host rocks, heat sources, clay alteration and limonitic alteration, have been combined using a weights of evidence model to predict gold potential in West Java. The best predictive map generated by this method defines 21.62% (9902 km) of study area as favourable zones for gold mineralization further exploration work. It predicts correctly 74 (92.5%) of the 80 model deposits and predicts correctly 26 (96.35%) of the 27 validation deposits, has 6 main 2 prospective target for future exploration are located in Bayah Dome, southern mountain, Honjie Igneous Complex and Bogor zone, Purwakarta. Bayah Dome is highest potential area for gold deposit like Gunung Pongor, Cikidang, Cirotan, Ciawitali, Cikotok destricts and other deposits. The potential area of Au occurrences in research area is associated with NE–SW and NW–SE structure/ lineaments, dominated surrounding the Tertiary intrusive rock unit and hosted in Miocene to Pleistocene lithology rock unit.
33
Queiroz, Lila Costa, Adalene Moreira Silva, Frederico Ricardo Ferreira Rodrigues de Oliveira e Sousa, Michele Zorzetti Pitarello, and Márcia Abrahão Moura. "Strategies for Targeting in Undercover Terrains: Modeling Multi-Source Data in Apuí Region, SW Amazon Craton, Brazil." Minerals 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13010078.
Abstract:
Exploring covered terrains is a challenge that requires the integration of multiple sources of knowledge, particularly in the initial stages of mineral exploration. The Apuí region, located in the Southwestern Amazon Craton, has a small and constant gold production, despite the deep cover and limited geological knowledge. The gold is mainly hosted in quartz veins and breccias that cut Paleoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary sequences. The occurrences have similar characteristics to magmatic–hydrothermal deposits, such as a lack of regional metamorphism and intense hydrothermalization. We undertook a multi-source prospective investigation on different scales using 2D and 3D techniques to translate the footprints of the mineral system into mappable criteria. Gold prospectivity maps for the Juma District and Guida Target were produced by integrating geological, geochemical, and geophysical datasets in knowledge-driven fuzzy systems. Regional airborne magnetization vector inversion (MVI) models were utilized. The correlation between the drill cores and the magnetic susceptibility models highlighted a potential surface for gold mineralization associated with the boundary between a granitic intrusion and volcano-sedimentary rocks. The prospectivity maps reduced the search area, and the regional susceptibility models allowed for the reconnaissance of structures and bodies that may be related to gold mineralization at depth. The results present new strategies for increasing discovery performance in the Southern Amazon Craton under cover.
34
Lv, Bo, and Guang Qi Wang. "Application of Grey Correlation Analysis in the Priority Sequence of Mineral Resources Development." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1391.
Abstract:
Firstly, the evaluation system of the priority sequence of mineral resources development was constructed from five aspects as mineral resources endowment, market conditions, technical conditions, social and economic conditions and environmental protection conditions. Then, the priority sequence model of mineral resources development based on grey correlation analysis was proposed. Further, taken the mineral resources in Hebei province as an example, the empirical analysis of the above model was made. Results show that the suitability of the province's mineral development from big to small is, in order, molybdenum ore, cement-used limestone, iron ore, gold ore, silver ore, coal, and etc. The algorithm is not only simple and intuitive, but also improves the efficiency and accuracy of the prioritize division of mineral resource development.
35
Mykhailov, V. "ORE-MAGMATIC SYSTEM SUKUMALAND (TANZANIA)." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 1 (84) (2019): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.84.05.
Abstract:
The overwhelming part of the gold ore potential of the United Republic of Tanzania is confined to the systems of the Neoarchaean greenstone belts (GSB) of the metallogenic province of Lake Victoria in the northwestern part of the country. Based on the interpretation of space imagery, in the western part of the province the Sukumaland ore-magmatic system of concentric-zonal structure has been distinguished. It is formed by a group of arched greenstone belts and associated gold deposits. They form two arcuate branches: the internal and external branch, differing in their composition and structure. The internal arc is represented by the Rwamagaza and Kahama GSB with gold deposits of Tulawaka, Buckreef, Mawe-Meru, Tembo, and Bulyanhulu. The external arc is represented by Geita and Mabale-Buhungurica GSB with gold deposits of Ridge-8, Nyankanga, Geita, Matandani, Kukuluma, Nyanzaga, Kitongo, Golden Ridge, Nyakafuru, and Miabu. Their huge gold potential (over 50 million ounces of gold) stipulates for the urgency of the study of this gigantic structure. GSB of the inner arc (Rwamagaza and Kahama) are characterized by a predominance of basic volcanic rocks, and GSB of the external arc (Geita and Mabale-Buhungurica) – by sedimentary and volcanic-sedimentary formations, in particular, banded ironstone formations (BIF). Accordingly, gold deposits of the inner arc are mainly associated with basic volcanic rocks (Tulawaka, Buckreef, Mawe-Meru, Bulyanhulu, Tembo) while gold deposits of the external arc – with BIF (Geita, Nyankanga, Kukuluma, Matandani). The nuclear part of the ore-magmatic system is of special interest, although manifestations of volcanism are absent there and gold or other mineral deposits are unknown yet, but a tectonic pattern of its structural elements indicates its significant ore potential. In particular, the presence of numerous spatially close systems of radial-circular faults attests to the presence of weakened zones in the space above the core of a hypothetical magma chamber. Gold deposits of different geological and industrial types, yet undiscovered, as well as manifestations of diatreme magmatism may be associated with these weakened zones. In particular, one cannot exclude the possible presence of diamond-bearing volcanic pipes. It is assumed that the ore-magmatic system has originated and evolved in the course of a complex multi-stage ore-magmatic process under the influence of ascending flows of depth fluids due to the long-term functioning of a zone with anomalously heated mantle in that area. During further geological exploration it is recommended to take into account the predictable availability of a single integrated ore-magmatic system of longdevelopment and its structural features.
36
Ryzhov, Sergey V., Marina V. Rylnikova, and Ekaterina N. Esina. "Geological and mining features of gold deposits development of Ryabinovoe gold deposit." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 21, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-2-113-122.
Abstract:
The significant role of the gold mining industry in the development of the Russian mineral resource system determines the search for new organizational, technical and geotechnical solutions to improve the completeness and efficiency of deposit development. Most of Russia's gold deposits are in remote, sparsely populated areas, where there is a lack of energy, transport communications, and infrastructure. It is shown that the Ryabinovoe gold deposit, located in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), is characterized by a complex structure, relatively low occurrence of ore deposits and a widespread in the value of mineral raw materials. Features of the Ryabinovoe deposit consist in a complex structural structure and alternation of mineralized gold-bearing and low-gold-bearing or ore-free areas of various capacities and complex morphology. The main criteria for open Geotechnology have been clarified and justified. This ensures safe and efficient development of the Ryabinovoe field with the achievement of the maximum possible total discounted income and the shortest recoupment period for the project. In general, an integrated approach is the basis of the development strategy of the Ryabinovoe gold deposit. It includes increasing the level of extraction of useful components, increasing the production volume and a differentiated approach to the choice of a method for processing ores of different quality. It is shown that the achievement of rational production capacity in the complex development of the Ryabinovoe gold deposit is based on optimizing the variation of the onboard and average gold content with justification of the ratio of production capacity of the mining and processing cycle.
37
Matveev, Andrey, Ivan Lebedev, Vasily Vinokurov, and Evgeny Lvov. "Scientific experimental bases for dry beneficiation of mineral ores." Записки Горного института 256 (November 10, 2022): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2022.90.
Abstract:
The article presents the results of research on the development of processes and equipment for ore preparation and pneumatic dry beneficiation of mineral ores. The methods of crushing and grinding before enrichment of minerals have been considered, dry enrichment of geomaterials is investigated. Highly efficient prototypes of beneficiation equipment are developed and tested: crushers of multiple dynamic impact RD-MDV-900, DKD-300, centrifugal grinders CMVU-800 and VCI-12, pneumatic separator POS-2000. Fundamental designs are created, and a number of new ore preparation and pneumatic beneficiation instruments are being designed. The efficiency of approbation of an autonomous dry beneficiation complex with new safe environmental standards for the processing of gold-bearing ores, which makes it possible to fully release and extract free gold with a particle size from 10,000 to 100 µm, is shown. The introduction of the dry beneficiation method is very promising for the mining industry. It will allow to reduce capital costs for the construction of stationary beneficiation plants, completely or partially withdraw from the use of process water, the construction of a water supply system, a traditional tailing dam, etc.
38
Poggi, Luciano, Diego Fernando Ducart, Maria José Mesquita, Igor Camargo Moreira, Márcia Elisa Boscato Gomes, and Carlos Roberto de Souza Filho. "New Insights into the Evolution and Footprints of the Paraíba Au-Cu-Mo Deposit, Alta Floresta Mineral Province (Brazil), through Integration of Spectral and Conventional Methods." Minerals 12, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12101327.
Abstract:
The Paraíba is an Au-Cu-Mo deposit located in the southern part of the Amazon Craton, in the Alta Floresta Mineral Province, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. It is composed of Au-Cu-bearing quartz veins and Cu-Mo-rich hydrothermal breccias and stockworks, both associated with several hydrothermal alteration zones. The integration of spectral (reflectance and imaging spectroscopy) and conventional techniques (core logging, petrography, mineral chemistry, and scanning electron microscopy) was applied to map alteration zones, identify mineral parageneses, and determine the evolution of the deposit to generate a solid proxy for mineralized zones. This study shows an overlapping of two different mineralization systems in the AFMP, referenced hereafter as alteration Groups 1 and 2. Group 1 is an Orogenic Gold system related to Au-Cu-rich quartz veins in phyllonites and mylonites. Group 2 is a Cu-Mo Porphyry system related to a syenogranite intrusion and the subsequent generation of several hydrothermal alteration zones, Cu and Mo hydrothermal breccias, and stockwork mineralization. This study reveals several alteration footprints, guides, and vectors for the mineral exploration of these deposits in the Alta Floresta Mineral Province.
39
Streltsov, Sergey V., Valerii V. Roizen, Alexey V. Ushakov, Artem R. Oganov, and Daniel I. Khomskii. "Old puzzle of incommensurate crystal structure of calaverite AuTe2and predicted stability of novel AuTe compound." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 40 (September 19, 2018): 9945–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802836115.
Abstract:
Gold is a very inert element, which forms relatively few compounds. Among them is a unique material—mineral calaverite,AuTe2. Besides being the only compound in nature from which one can extract gold on an industrial scale, it is a rare example of a natural mineral with incommensurate crystal structure. Moreover, it is one of few systems based on Au, which become superconducting (at elevated pressure or doped by Pd and Pt). Using ab initio calculations we theoretically explain these unusual phenomena in the picture of negative charge-transfer energy and self-doping, with holes being largely in the Te5pbands. This scenario naturally explains incommensurate crystal structure ofAuTe2, and it also suggests a possible mechanism of superconductivity. An ab initio evolutionary search for stable compounds in the Au–Te system confirms stability ofAuTe2andAuTe3and leads to a prediction of an as yet unknown stable compound AuTe, which until now has not been synthesized.
40
Liu, Zhankun, Zhenyu Guo, Jinli Wang, Rongchao Wang, Wenfa Shan, Huiting Zhong, Yudong Chen, Jin Chen, Hao Deng, and Xiancheng Mao. "Three-Dimensional Mineral Prospectivity Modeling with the Integration of Ore-Forming Computational Simulation in the Xiadian Gold Deposit, Eastern China." Applied Sciences 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2023): 10277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131810277.
Abstract:
Finding new, effective predictive variables for 3D mineral prospectivity modeling is both important and challenging. The 3D ore-forming numerical modeling quantitively characterizes the complex coupling-mineralization process of the structure, fluid, heat, and wall rock, which may be potential indicators for mineral exploration. We here conducted 3D mineral prospectivity modeling with the integration of ore-forming computational simulation information in the Xiadian orogenic gold deposit, China, to examine whether the simulation data input can improve the reliability of prospectivity modeling. First, we constructed the 3D models of the orebody and fault to extract the fault geometric features using spatial analysis, as they are always considered to be the crucial controls of gold distribution. Second, we performed 3D numerical modeling of the deformation–fluid–heat-coupling process of the structurally controlled hydrothermal Au system using the FLAC3D platform. Finally, the fault-geometry features (buffer, dip, dip variation, and undulation) and the ore-formation-simulation indices (volume strain, shear strain, temperature variation, and fluid flux) were integrated using Bayesian decomposition modeling, which has a promising nonlinear model ability and a flexible variable-integration ability. The prospectivity modeling results demonstrated that the model generated by combining geometry and simulation variables achieved significantly higher AUC, precision, accuracy, Kappa, and F1 scores compared to other models using a single-predictor-variable dataset. This suggests that the joint use of geometry and simulation variables construct a comprehensive association between gold and its ore-controlling factors, thereby resulting in a highly reliable prospectivity model. Thus, the approach of 3D mineral prospectivity modeling aided by ore-forming numerical simulation proves to be more useful in guiding mineral exploration, especially in the condition of fewer variables. Based on the prospectivity modeling outcomes, we identified four gold targets at depth in the Xiadian district that warrant focused exploration efforts.
41
Lu, Ning, Yongzai Xi, Hongshan Zheng, Weidong Gao, Yongbo Li, Yu Liu, Zhiqiang Cui, Guixiang Liao, and Junjie Liu. "Development of a Hybrid Fixed-Wing UAV Aeromagnetic Survey System and an Application Study in Chating Deposit." Minerals 13, no. 8 (August 16, 2023): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13081094.
Abstract:
In recent years, the development of airborne magnetic survey technology based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been rapidly advancing. The commonly used systems are the fixed-wing UAV-based, multi-rotors UAV-based, and unmanned helicopters-based magnetic survey systems. And, a type of hybrid UAV that uses a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) and fixed-wing cruise mode is increasingly being used to carry airborne magnetic survey systems. To meet the requirements of most UAVs for small-sized and lightweight payloads, a miniature magnetic survey system was developed and integrated into a hybrid fixed-wing UAV and formed an aeromagnetic survey system. And, a peripheral mineral exploration test was conducted in a known porphyry copper–gold deposit in southeastern China using the system. By processing the collected magnetic data with 3D inversion of susceptibilities, potential ore-bearing intrusive rocks were quickly identified and delineated, providing clues for peripheral mineral exploration in the mining area.
42
Fan, Yuhai, Yuiqing Wan, Hui Wang, Xingke Yang, Min Liang, Chunjuan Pan, Shaopeng Zhang, Wenbo Wang, and Furong Tan. "Application of an airborne hyper-spectral survey system CASI/SASI in the gold-silver-lead-zinc ore district of Huaniushan, Gansu, China." Geologia Croatica 74, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4154/gc.2021.04.
Abstract:
The airborne hyper-spectral survey system CASI/SASI, which has an integrated system for gathering both image an spectral data, is at the cutting edge developments in the remote-sensing field. It can be used to directly identify surface objects based on diagnostic spectral characteristics. In this paper, the CASI/SASI were used in the Huaniushan gold-silver-lead-zinc ore district–Gansu to produce a lithologic map, identify altered minerals, and map the mineralized-alteration zones. Radiometric correction, radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction (spectral reconstruction), and geometric corrections were carried out in ENVI to pre-process the measured data. A FieldSpec ® Pro FR portable spectrometer was used to obtain the spectral signatures of all types of rock samples, ore deposits, and mineralized-alteration zones. We extracted and analyzed the spectral characteristics of typical alteration minerals. On the basis of hyper-spectral data, ground-spectral data processing, and comparative analysis of the measured image spectrum, we used the spectral-angle-mapping (SAM) and mixture-tuned matchedfiltering (MTMF) methods to perform hyperspectral-alteration mineral mapping of wall rock and mineralized-alteration-zone hyperspectral identification. Hyperspectral- remote- sensing geological- classification maps were produced as well as distribution maps of all kinds of alteration minerals and mineralized-alteration zones. Based on geological comprehensive analysis and field investigations, the range of mineral alteration was proven to be the same as shown by the remote-sensing imagery. Indications are that airborne hyperspectral- remote-sensing -image CASI/SASI offer good application results and show a promising potential as a tool in geological investigations. The results will provide the basis for hyperspectral remote-sensing prospecting in the same or similar unexplored areas.
43
Bogdanov, Kamen, Stefan Velev, Yana Georgieva, and Gergana Velianova. "Remote sensing, SWIR, Raman and XRD applications in Pesovets epithermal system mapping, Panagyurishte ore district, Bulgaria." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 82, no. 3 (December 2021): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2021.82.3.137.
Abstract:
Remote sensing UAV based study combined with field mapping, SWIR, XRD Raman and XRF tests for mineral detection outlined advanced argillic alteration domains in the Pesovets silica cap to demonstrate quick approach for epithermal gold exploration targeting and evaluation. As and Ti increasing trend toward epithermal high-sulphidation Cu-Au mineralization could be employed as a proximal path finder.
44
MATA, Suelen Portughesi da, George Luiz LUVIZOTTO, and Rafael Rodrigues de ASSIS. "GEOLOGIA E PETROGRAFIA DO GARIMPO DE Au ± Cu DA RAIMUNDA, NA PROVÍNCIA MINERAL DE ALTA FLORESTA (MT)." Geosciences = Geociências 42, no. 3 (December 4, 2023): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5016/geociencias.v42i3.17727.
Abstract:
O Garimpo da Raimunda está localizado na PMAF, ao sul do Cráton Amazônico, hospedado no Granito Novo Mundo. As análises feitas evidenciaram a ocorrência de duas rochas hospedeiras principais da mineralização: (1) tonalito; e (2) granodiorito. Foram reconhecidos seis estágios hidrotermais: (1) alteração sódica; (2) alteração potássica; (3) alteração sericítica; (4) alteração propilítica; (5) injeção de sílica; (6) vênulas tardias. O minério aurífero é filonar e está associado a veios de quartzo ± carbonato do 5º estágio de alteração descrito. A paragênse do minério é pirita ± calcopirita ± pirrotita ± esfalerita ± hematita ± bismutinita ± ouro. As análises sugerem que o garimpo se insere no contexto dos sistemas auríferos disseminados e confinados a veios e stockwork de quartzo em granitos descritos na província. A hipótese adotada neste trabalho é de que o sistema hidrotermal e as zonas mineralizadas do garimpo da Raimunda se formaram a partir do desenvolvimento de um sistema epitermal intermediate sulfidation que teria telescopado um possível sistema do tipo pórfiro. Palavras-chave: Província Mineral de Alta Floresta. Ouro. Alteração hidrotermal. Garimpo da Raimunda. ABSTRACT - The Raimunda mining is located in the Alta Floresta Gold Province, south of the Amazonian Craton, hosted in Granito Novo Mundo. The analyzes carried out showed the occurrence of two main host rocks of the mineralization: (1) tonalite; and (2) granodiorite. Six hydrothermal stages were recognized: (1) sodic alteration; (2) potassic; (3) seritic; (4) propylitic; (5) silica injection; e (6) late veinlets. The gold ore is confined, temporally and spatially associated with quartz ± carbonate veins, which correspond to the 5th alteration stage described. The ore is represented by the paragenesis pyrite ± chalcopyrite ± pyrrhotite ± sphalerite ± hematite ± bismuthinite ± gold. The characteristics of the Raimunda mining are similar with the disseminated gold systems confined to veins and quartz stockwork in calc-alkaline granites described in the province. The hypothesis adopted in this work is that the hydrothermal system and the sulphide and mineralized zones of the Raimunda mine formed from the development of an epithermal intermediate sulfidation system that superimposed (telescoped) a possible porphyry-type system. Keywords: Alta Floresta Mineral Province. Gold. Hydrothermal alteration. Raimunda mining.
45
Qiao, Gang, You Ning Xu, and Fang He. "Influence on Water Resource and Eco-Environment System of Tongguan Gold Mine Area by Mining Development Projects." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5059–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5059.
Abstract:
This text researches some influences of the negative environment effect caused by many years mining development projects on TongGuan gold mine area water resources and eco-environment system. On this base, some measures to water resources and eco-environment protection are put forward, and these have important meaning to the restoration of mineral mountain environment.
46
Lomakina, Natalia. "The Crisis of «Total Sanctions»: Features of Manifestation and Potential Influence in the Mineral and Resource Complex of the Russian Far East." Regionalistica 9, no. 5 (2022): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/reg.2022.5.32.
Abstract:
The article discusses the key factors of the crisis of «total sanctions» in 2022, the directions of their impact and possible risks for the mineral resource complex of the Far East, and above all for its base industry - the gold mining industry. The features of production dynamics are shown depending on the predominance of certain types of mineral resources in the structure of mining in the region, their connection with the domestic and world markets, and the nature of the impact of market factors. The differences between the impact of the shocks of the crisis of «total sanctions» and the «pandemic» crisis of 2020-2021 on the economic results and structural and dynamic characteristics of the mineral resource complex of the Far Eastern Federal District are revealed. The responses of the sectoral economic system (on the example of gold mining) in the Far Eastern macroregion to several non-economic shocks of the current crisis are studied. Possible changes in the current dynamics of production and investment prospects in the mineral resource complex of the Far Eastern Federal District due to the impact of key factors of the 2020-2022 crises and their results are shown
47
Munive, Guillermo T., Martin A. Encinas, Maria M. Salazar Campoy, Victor E. Álvarez, Victor M. Vazquez, and Dandy C. Choque. "Leaching Gold and Silver with an Alternative System: Glycine and Thiosulfate from Mineral Tailings." JOM 72, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03652-z.
48
Auzina, L. I. "Typification of hydrogeological conditions in mineral deposits by system analysis method." Earth sciences and subsoil use 46, no. 3 (October 12, 2023): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2023-46-3-282-288.
Abstract:
The paper presents a non-standard approach to the typification of mineral deposits in Eastern Siberia (Russia) according to hydrogeological conditions under insufficiency and unevenness of the initial information. The most rational way to solve this problem at initial research stages is to identify a number of easily determined indirect indicators that determine the selection of sites promising for drilling hydrogeological wells. The author uses the method of system analysis including two main stages of analysis and synthesis, which result in the typification of the objects under study in accordance with the assigned tasks. The developed methodology is used for various purposes: structural hydrogeological zoning of the Ilim-Lena plateau with associated main iron ore deposits of Eastern Siberia, typification of alluvial deposits of the Lena gold ore region according to the complexity degree of engineering hydrogeological conditions, identification of the sites with high water abundance in the oil and gas fields of Eastern Siberia.
49
Nikolaev, Yuri, Irina Balykova, Sergei Kuzin, Ivan Baksheev, Andrey Apletalin, Vsevolod Prokofiev, Evgeni Vlasov, Ildar Kalko, and Valery Kosyatov. "Composition, formation conditions, distribution patterns and zoning of gold mineralization in the Stadukhinsky ore-placer region (Western Chukotka)." Ores and metals, no. 3 (October 9, 2023): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-5997-2023-10014.
Abstract:
Gold deposits associated with granitoid intrusions have long been known. Recently, a class of deposits was identified among them, called intrusion-related granite systems, IRGS (gold-rare metal formation). The standards of the geological prospecting model for them are the deposits of the Tintin metallogenic belt (Alaska, Canada). In Russia, this type has been studied less; IRGS includes the Shkolnoye and Butarnoye (Magadan region) and Kekura (Chukotka) deposits. Based on field and laboratory studies, generalization of prospecting geological and geochemical data, the characteristics and localization features of gold mineralization associated with granitoids of a large igneous uplift in the South Anyui structural-formational zone (Western Chukotka) were determined. The mineral composition of ores, the sequence of their formation were studied, homogenization temperatures and salt concentrations in gas-liquid inclusions were determined. The geochemical and mineralogical zoning of the ore-magmatic system has been identified, and criteria have been developed for assessing erosion and predicting gold mineralization to depth.
50
Zamiatina, D. A., and V. V. Murzin. "The Tamunier gold deposit in the Northern Ural: Physicochemical formative conditions, ore and fluid sources, genesis." LITOSFERA, no. 1 (March 17, 2019): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2019-19-1-139-147.
Abstract:
Research subject.This research study was aimed at investigating metasomatic minerals and ores in the Tamunier Deposit, which is located in the Northern Urals, at the Eastern side of the Tagil megazone within the Auerbach volcano-plutonic belt.Materials and methods.Well core samples were investigated using a complex of research methods, including optical and electron microscopy, X-ray spectral microanalysis, mineral geothermometry, thermobarogeochemistry (microthermometry, gas chromatography, determination of the salt composition of fluid inclusions in minerals) and isotope geochemistry (isotopes C, O, S, Sr, Pb).Results.A genetic model describing the formation of the Tamunier deposit was developed using the data obtained on its geological structure, mineral composition of metasomatites and ores, fluid formation mode, sources of ore matter and ore-bearing fluid. In the proposed model, the magmatogenic sodium chloride fluid carrying ore components and S is separated from the Auerbach complex at the depth of intrusion. Penetrating to the surface, this fluid interacts with the rocks of volcanic-sedimentary strata, thereby extracting a number of components, including CO2, S and Sr.Conclusion.Despite the presence of sulphide mineralization of hydrothermal-sedimentary genesis in the volcanogenic-sedimentary rock mass, the data obtained has allowed us to refer the gold-sulphide ores under study to magmatogenic-hydrothermal formations. The estimated P-T conditions (t= 100–370ºС andP= 0.4–0.6 kbar) and the shallow depth of the Tamunier field have shown its correspondence to the sub-epithermal level in the model of the porphyry-epithermal ore-magmatic system.