Dissertations / Theses: 'Gold Compound'

1

Lum, Ching-tung. "Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with a novel gold compound." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30699927.

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2

Lum, Ching-tung, and 林菁潼. "Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with a novel gold compound." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30699927.

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3

Naoe, Saori. "Synthesis of Fused-Ring Compounds through Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215495.

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4

Schiller, Tara Louise. "Synthesis and characterisation of hybrid gold/polymer nanoparticles for bioassay application." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/43445/1/Tara_Schiller_Thesis.pdf.

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A bioassay technique, based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tagged gold nanoparticles encapsulated with a biotin functionalised polymer, has been demonstrated through the spectroscopic detection of a streptavidin binding event. A methodical series of steps preceded these results: synthesis of nanoparticles which were found to give a reproducible SERS signal; design and synthesis of polymers with RAFT-functional end groups able to encapsulate the gold nanoparticle. The polymer also enabled the attachment of a biotin molecule functionalised so that it could be attached to the hybrid nanoparticle through a modular process. Finally, the demonstrations of a positive bioassay for this model construct using streptavidin/biotin binding. The synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles was performed by using tri-sodium citrate as the reducing agent. The shape of the silver nanoparticles was quite difficult to control. Gold nanoparticles were able to be prepared in more regular shapes (spherical) and therefore gave a more consistent and reproducible SERS signal. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles with a diameter of 30 nm was the most reproducible and these were also stable over the longest periods of time. From the SERS results the optimal size of gold nanoparticles was found to be approximately 30 nm. Obtaining a consistent SERS signal with nanoparticles smaller than this was particularly difficult. Nanoparticles more than 50 nm in diameter were too large to remain suspended for longer than a day or two and formed a precipitate, rendering the solutions useless for our desired application. Gold nanoparticles dispersed in water were able to be stabilised by the addition of as-synthesised polymers dissolved in a water miscible solvent. Polymer stabilised AuNPs could not be formed from polymers synthesised by conventional free radical polymerization, i.e. polymers that did not possess a sulphur containing end-group. This indicated that the sulphur-containing functionality present within the polymers was essential for the self assembly process to occur. Polymer stabilization of the gold colloid was evidenced by a range of techniques including, visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy. After treatment of the hybrid nanoparticles with a series of SERS tags, focussing on 2-quinolinethiol the SERS signals were found to have comparable signal intensity to the citrate stabilised gold nanoparticles. This finding illustrates that the stabilization process does not interfere with the ability of gold nanoparticles to act as substrates for the SERS effect. Incorporation of a biotin moiety into the hybrid nanoparticles was achieved through a =click‘ reaction between an alkyne-functionalised polymer and an azido-functionalised biotin analogue. This functionalized biotin was prepared through a 4-step synthesis from biotin. Upon exposure of the surface-bound streptavidin to biotin-functionalised polymer hybrid gold nanoparticles, then washing, a SERS signal was obtained from the 2-quinolinethiol which was attached to the gold nanoparticles (positive assay). After exposure to functionalised polymer hybrid gold nanoparticles without biotin present then washing a SERS signal was not obtained as the nanoparticles did not bind to the streptavidin (negative assay). These results illustrate the applicability of the use of SERS active functional-polymer encapsulated gold nanoparticles for bioassay application.

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Pouliwe, Antibe. "Electrochemical Studies of The Interaction Between DNA and a Compound Having Anticancer Properties." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1352.

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Electrochemical method has been used to study the interaction between DNA and the compound N-(3',6'-dihydroxy-3-oxospiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-5-yl)-N'-(2-imidazoyl)urea having anticancer properties. A DNA modified nanometer-sized gold electrode was prepared by surface modification of a bare gold electrode using cysteamine. These electrodes have been characterized using electrochemical techniques and were used to study the interaction between DNA and the compound. Our results showed an increase in the adsorption peak current and a negative shift of E1/2 in the oxidation of ferrocyanide on cysteamine and DNA modified electrodes. For the interaction between the DNA and the compound having anticancer properties, a decrease in peak current of the oxidation of ferrocyanide was observed. The decrease in peak current is attributed to the shielding of the electroactive species by the compound intercalated to the DNA from reaching the electrode surface. Therefore, only few of the electroactive species are able to reach the electrode surface.

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6

Arslan, Yasin. "Development Of Novel Analytical Methods For Selenium, Gold, Silver And Indium Determination Using Volatile Compound Generation, Atom Trapping And Atomic Absorption Spectrometry." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613233/index.pdf.

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A novel analytical technique was developed where gaseous hydrogen selenide formed by sodium tetrahydroborate reduction is transported to and trapped on a resistively heated gold-coated W-coil atom trap for in situ preconcentration. The atom trap is held at 165 º
C during the collection stage and is heated up to 675 º
C for revolatilization
analyte species formed are transported to an externally heated quartz T-tube where the atomization takes place and the transient signal is obtained. For gold, a high volume gas liquid separator (HVGLS) was designed to improve the detection limit of Au down to the ng mL-1 levels. In this apparatus, analyte and reductant solutions are collected in a limited volume and volatile analyte species are formed. After separation of the volatile analyte species from liquid phase, the entire analyte vapor is sent to an atomizer. A W-coil trap was used to further decrease the detection limit. The enhancement factor for the characteristic concentration was found to be 10.7 when compared to HG-AAS performance without W-coil trap by using peak height values. Furthermore, the generation of analytically useful volatile form of Au has been studied. The flow injection generation was performed in a dedicated generator consisting of a special mixing apparatus and gas-liquid separator design. The on-line atomization in the quartz tube multiatomizer for atomic absorption (AAS) detection has been employed as the convenient atomization/detection mean. 198Au, 199Au radioactive indicator of high specific activity together with AAS measurements was used to track quantitatively the transfer of analyte in the course of generation and transport to the atomizer. In-situ trapping in GF for AAS was explored as an alternative to the on-line atomization. Transmission electron microscopy measurements proved the presence of Au nanoparticles of diameter of approximately 10 nm and smaller transported from the generator by the flow of carrier Ar. For silver, three types of GLS which are U-shaped, cylindrical and high volume gas liquid separators (HVGLS) were used to compare the sensitivities of these GLSs during Ag determination. The DL (3s) values were found as 29 ng mL-1, 0.4 ng mL-1 and 0.05 ng mL-1 for U-shaped GLS, cylindrical GLS with W-coil trap and HVGLS with W-coil trap, respectively. For indium, two types of GLS which are cylindrical and HVGLS with W-coil trap were used. The LOD and characteristic concentration were found as 148 and 317 ng mL-1 with cylindrical shape GLS. HVGLS with W-coil trap was used to improve sensitivity. In this case, LOD and characteristic concentration were found to be 0.46 and 0.98 ng mL-1, respectively. Moreover, to increase the reactivity between indium and reductant solutions, Ru(acac)3 catalyst was used. In this case, LOD and characteristic concentration were found to be 0.13 and 0.23 ng mL-1, respectively. In the case of using this catalyst, sensitivity was enhanced around 1378 fold with respect to cylindrical GLS.

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7

Coetzee, Karolien. "Gold complexes obtained from gold ylide preparations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21206.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This investigation comprised the synthesis and characterisation of new Au(I) phosphonium ylide complexes and other compounds formed during coordination reactions. These complexes could exploit the synergism between two pharmacologically active substances (gold complex unit and phosphorus ylide) to furnish an even more active substance. Four phosphonium salts were prepared, [C6H5CH2PPh3]Br (1), [Ph3P(CH2)3PPh3]Br2 (2a), p-[{Ph3PCH2}2C6H4]Br2 (3a) and m- [{Ph3PCH2}2C6H4]Br2 (4a), by reacting PPh3 with the corresponding alkylbromides. The 13C and 1H NMR spectra of the compounds 1 – 4a indicated that many of the nuclei are magnetically inequivalent. The aromatic units in PPh3 are normally identical, but multiple, overlapping signals proved that the corresponding ortho, meta and para carbon and proton nuclei are in magnetically different environments from each other. Single crystal structures of salts 3a and 4a were determined. Different methods were followed to deprotonate the phosphonium salts to afford the corresponding ylides and to coordinate the ylides to gold precursor compounds. Most of the reactions yielded inseparable mixtures of products and pure compounds could not be isolated in large enough quantities for characterisation by all physical methods. Sufficient crystals for structure determination by X-ray diffraction were obtained. The product mixtures were characterised by 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Characteristic downfield chemical shift changes after coordination of the ylides to Au(I) were observed for the carbon and phosphorus nuclei, while the protons displayed upfield shifts. Reaction of (C6F5)Au(tht) with the salts 1 – 4a, and subsequent deprotonation yielded the gold(I) ylide complexes [C6H5CH(AuC6F5)PPh3] (5), [{Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)}2CH2] (6), p-[{Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)}2C6H4] (8), and m- [{Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)}2C6H4] (9). The crystal and molecular structures of compounds 5 and 9 were determined. Deprotonation of 4a with n-BuLi, followed by reaction with (C6F5)Au(tht) yielded complexes 9 and [{Ph3PCH2}2C6H4][BrAuC6F5]2 (10). The crystal structure of compound 10 was determined. Two aurocyclic compounds, [μ- {(Ph3PCH)2CH2}2Au2][BF4]2 (12) and [μ–{(Ph3PCH)2C6H4}2Au2][BF4]2 (13) were synthesised by deprotonating salts 2b and 3b with n-BuLi and subsequently reacting the corresponding bisylides with ClAu(tht). Reaction procedures in which Ag2O was used as deprotonating agent for the phosphonium salts 2a, 3a and 4a, yielded mixtures of products. Single crystals of complexes m-[Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)C6H4CH3] (14), [C6F5Au(tht)] (15) and [(C6F5)2Au][(Ph3PCH2)2C6H4] (16) were isolated from the reaction mixtures and subjected to X-ray crystal structure determination. The molecular structure of 15 exhibited unusual aurophilic interactions and represents the first example of a linear gold chain in which the gold···gold distances systematically alternate between 3.13Å, 3.31Å and 3.20Å. Salt 2b was reacted with Ph3PAu(acac) to afford the desired compound, [{Ph3PCH(AuPPh3)}2CH2](BF4)2 (19), along with [CH3C(O)C(AuPPh3)2C(O)CH3] (17) and some byproducts. Compound 17 was characterised by single crystal Xray diffraction. The fluorobiphenylgold(I) complexes, 4,4’-[(AuPPh3)2C12F8] (21) and 2,2’- [(AuPPh3)2C12F8] (22) were synthesised by reaction of ClAuPPh3 with the lithiated 2,2’-dibromooctafluorobiphenyl and 4,4’-dibromooctafluorobiphenyl respectively. The molecular structure of 21 revealed that one of the C–Au–P bond angles deviates from linearity by 12.5°, probably as a result of π-stacking of the tetrafluorophenyl rings and steric requirements of the bulky PPh3 units. The other C–Au–P bond angle is linear [177.9(3)°].
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie behels die sintese en karakterisering van nuwe fosfoniumylied goud(I)-komplekse en ander verbindings wat gedurende koördinasiereaksies vorm. Sulke komplekse kan sinergisme tussen twee farmakologies-aktiewe entiteite (goud(I) en fosfoniumylied) om ŉ meer aktiewe verbinding te vorm meebring. Vier fosfoniumsoute is berei, [C6H5CH2PPh3]Br (1), [Ph3P(CH2)3PPh3]Br2 (2a), p- [{Ph3PCH2}2C6H4]Br2 (3a) en m-[{Ph3PCH2}2C6H4]Br2 (4a), deur PPh3 met die ooreenstemmende alkielbromiedes te reageer. Die 13C- en 1H- KMR-spektra van dié verbindings toon dat ŉ aantal kerne in aromatiese ringe magneties onekwivalent is. Normaalweg is die koolstowwe in PPh3-eenhede ekwivalent, maar meervoudige, oorvleuelende pieke het nou getoon dat die ooreenstemmende orto-, meta- en para-koolstof sowel as die ooreenstemmende protonkerne in verskillende magnetiese omgewings voorkom. Die kristalstrukture van die soute 3a en 4a hierbo is met behulp van X-straal tegnieke bepaal. Verskillende metodes is gevolg om die fosfoniumsoute te deprotoneer na die ooreenstemmende yliede en om die yliede dan aan goud-bevattende uitgangstowwe te probeer koördineer. Die meeste reaksies het nie-skeibare mengsels gevorm en enkelprodukte kon nie in groot genoeg konsentrasies geïsoleer word om hulle afsonderlik te karakteriseer nie. Kristalle vir X-straal kristalstruktuur bepalings is verkry. Die produkmengsels is gekarakteriseer met behulp van 1H-, 13C- en 31P- KMR-spektroskopie en massaspektrometrie. Karakteristieke veranderinge in chemiese verskuiwings na laer veldsterktes vir die koolstof en fosfor kerne is waargeneem na koördinasie van die yliede aan Au(I), terwyl die protone na höer veldsterktes verskuif het. Die reaksie tussen (C6F5)Au(tht) (tetrahidrotiofeen) en soute 1 – 4a gevolg deur deprotonering, vorm die goud-yliedkomplekse [C6H5CH(AuC6F5)PPh3] (5), [{Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)}2CH2] (6), p-[{Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)}2C6H4] (8), en m- [{Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)}2C6H4] (9). Die kristalstrukture van komplekse 5 en 9 het al die molekulêre interaksies daarin blootgelê. Deprotonering van 4a met n-BuLi, gevolg deur reaksie met (C6F5)Au(tht) lewer komplekse 9 en [{Ph3PCH2}2C6H4][BrAuC6F5]2 (10). Die kristal- en molekulêre struktuuur van kompleks 10 is bepaal. Twee aurosikliese verbindings, [μ- {(Ph3PCH)2CH2}2Au2][BF4]2 (12) en [μ–{(Ph3PCH)2C6H4}2Au2][BF4]2 (13) is gesintetiseer deur gedeprotoneerde bisyliede verkry van 2b en 3b met substitusie van tht aan die ClAu-eenheid te koördineer. Reaksieprosedures waarin Ag2O vir deprotonering van die fosfoniumsoute 2a, 3a en 4a gebruik is, het tot mengsels van produkte aanleiding gegee. Enkelkristalle van komplekse [Ph3PCH(AuC6F5)C6H4CH3] (14), [C6F5Au(tht)] (15) en [(C6F5)2Au][(Ph3PCH2)2C6H4] (16) is geïsoleer uit die reaksies en kristalstruktuurbepalings is uitgevoer. Die molekulere struktuur van 15 toon ongewone aurofiliese interaksies en verteenwoordig die eerste voorbeeld van ŉ linieêre goudketting; met goud···goud afstande wat sistematies varieër tussen 3.13Å, 3.31Å en 3.20Å. Sout 2b is met Ph3PAu(acac) gereageer om die gewenste produk, [{Ph3PCH(AuPPh3)}2CH2](BF4)2 (19), saam met [CH3C(O)C(AuPPh3)2C(O)CH3] (17) en ander byprodukte te vorm. Verbinding 17 is as enkelkristalle Xstraalkristallografies gekarakteriseer. Die fluorobifeniel goud(I)-komplekse, 4,4’-[(AuPPh3)2C12F8] (21) en 2,2’- [(AuPPh3)2C12F8] (22), is gesintetiseer deur koördinasie van AuPPh3 aan die gelitieërde 2,2’-dibromooktafluorobifeniel en 4,4’-dibromooktafluorobifeniel respektiewelik. Die molekulere struktuur van 21 het getoon dat een van die C-Au- P bindingshoeke met 12.5º afwyk van 180º, waarskynlik as gevolg van π- interaksie van die tetrafluorofenielringe en die steriese vereistes van die groot PPh3-eenhede. Die ander C-Au-P bindingshoek is linieêr [177.9(3)°].

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8

Yang, Yi. "Gold(I) oxo, imido, hydrazido complexes and gold clusters /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841362.

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9

Coetzee, Jacorien. "New developments in the coordination chemistry of gold(1), gold(II) and gold(III) with C-, N-, P-and S-Donor ligands /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/412.

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10

LeBlanc, Daren James. "Thiol complexes of gold(I) : structure and chemistry of the gold based anti-arthritis drugs /." *McMaster only, 1996.

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11

Yau, John. "The chemistry of gold(I) compounds." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338901.

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12

Haggitt, Jane Louise. "Cluster compounds of platinum and gold." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334859.

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13

Elsome, Amanda Maria. "Some biological interactions of gold compounds." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283198.

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14

Chiffey, Andrew Francis. "Bimetallic compounds of palladium, platinum and gold." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294602.

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15

肖紅 and Hong Xiao. "Photochemical, photophysical properties and structures of polynuclear gold(I) clusters and organometallic gold(I) complexes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31235438.

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Xiao, Hong. "Photochemical, photophysical properties and structures of polynuclear gold(I) clusters and organometallic gold(I) complexes /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19669471.

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17

Coetzee, Jacorien. "New developments in the coordination chemistry of Gold(I), Gold(II) and Gold(III) with C-, N- , P-and S-donor ligands." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1702.

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Thesis (MSc (Chemistry and Polymer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
A comprehensive, comparative structural study of gold(I), gold(II) and gold(III) compounds with the general formula [Aux(C6F5)y(tht)z] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) was performed. The series of compounds included the unprecedented dinucleur gold(II) compound, tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)bis(tetrahydrothiophene)digold(II), which could be prepared in a rational manner. This very unique compound represents the first example of an unbridged dinucleur gold(II) compound in which the gold(II) centres are not stabilised by chelating ligands. Formation of this compound was postulated to have taken place by radical pentafluorophenyl (pfp) ligand migration along with AuII–AuII bond formation. It may therefore be regarded as a rare example of labile behaviour by a generally inert pfp ligand. In addition to this compound, the crystal and molecular structures of the wellknown gold(I) and gold(III) precursor compounds, (pentafluorophenyl)(tetrahydrothiophene) gold(I) and tris(pentafluorophenyl)(tetrahydrothiophene)gold(III) were carried out and are described for the first time. The latter underwent a unique mononuclear ligand rearrangement (metathesis or disproportionation) reaction in solution to yield the novel rearrangement product, bis(pentafluorophenyl)bis(tetrahydrothiophene)gold(III)tetrakis- (pentafluorophenyl)gold(III). In all the complexes, the Au–C and Au–S bond lengths displayed a variation which appears to be dependent on the oxidation state of the central gold atom. Both of these bond types were found to descrease in the order Au(II) > Au(III) > Au(I)...

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Li, Chi-kwan. "Gold(I) and Gold(II) phosphine complexes exhibiting weak AuI ... AuI interactions and unsupported AuII-AuII bonds : syntheses, spectroscopy, host-guest chemistry and reactivity studies /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25155295.

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19

Chan, Chi-keung. "Structure, photophysical and theoretical studies of polynuclear CU(I), AG(I) and AU(I) metal complexes /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18037422.

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20

Watson, Michael John. "Cluster compounds of gold and the platinum metals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279996.

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Asikainen, Martta Irmeli. "Synthesis and gold-catalyzed transformations of allenic compounds." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12367/.

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This thesis is concerned with the synthesis of allenic compounds and their gold-catalyzed isomerization reactions. Its general aim is the development of new reaction methodologies within these topics and the work has been published in two separate articles. After an introductory chapter (covering relevant literature upto 2010) three separate projects are discussed: 1. Development of tandem enzyme/gold-catalyzed reaction where lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution of alpha-allenic acetates [R1 2CCCH(CHR2OAc)] (R1,R2 = alkyl) leads to the formation of alpha-hydroxyallenes with 86-99% ee and this transformation is followed by the cycloisomerization of the alpha-hydroxyallenes to the corresponding 2,5-dihydrofurans in a one-pot reaction. It is found that the two transformations work well in one pot except in the case where R2 is branched, which are not hydrolysed. 2. A new approach is developed for the synthesis of allenyl acetates [Ar(R1)CCCH(O2CR2)] (R1 = alkyl, R2 = Me, Ph, t-Bu) using cuprate-mediated SN2’nucleophilic substitution to propargylic dicarboxylates. The reaction was successfull with a range of substrates (11 examples). Investigation on a catalytic variant for the synthesis of the above allenyl acetates. Nickel-catalyzed SN2’ nucleophilic substitution to propargylic dicarboxylates gives the highest selectivity of the desired allenic products but the transformation is not very high-yielding. Attempts towards an asymmetric reaction are thwarted by low enantioselectivities (<22% ee). 3. Comparing the reactivity of propargylic acetates and allenyl acetates (prepared in Sections 2-3) in the gold-catalyzed synthesis of indenes. It was discovered that the allenyl acetates prepared earlier yield indenes with up to quantitative yields and high chemoselectivity, whereas propargylic acetates with terminal a alkyne group only yielded a mixture of cyclization and elimination products.

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Fonteh, Pascaline Nanga. "Gold compounds with anti-HIV and immunomodulatory activity." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24951.

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) that subsequently develops remain major health concerns even after three decades since the first cases were reported. Successful therapeutic measures to address HIV/AIDS consist mostly of combinations of drugs targeting viral enzymes including reverse transcriptase (RT), protease (PR) and integrase (IN) as well as entry steps of the viral life cycle. The remarkable benefits (e.g. improved quality of life) derived from the use of these agents are unfortunately limited by toxicity to the host and the development of drug resistant viral strains. Drug resistance limits the repertoire of drug combinations available. Unfortunately, because latent forms of the virus exists, therapy has to be life-long and with new infections occurring every day, resistant strains tend to spread. To circumvent these problems, new drugs that inhibit resistant strains or work against new viral targets have to be developed. The history of gold compounds as potential inhibitors of HIV prompted this study in which twenty seven compounds consisting of gold(I), gold(III) and precursors from five classes were tested for drug-likeness, anti-HIV and immunomodulatory effects using wet lab and in silico methodologies. Cytotoxicity determination was done using viability dyes and flow cytometry. Cell proliferation profiles were monitored using the carboxyflourescein succinimidyl ester dye dilution technology and a real time cell analyser for confirming viability dye findings. The compounds’ effects on viral enzymes was determined using direct enzyme assays and in silico molecular modelling techniques. H and P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies for determining stability revealed that the backbone chemical shifts of the compounds were relatively unchanged after one week (-20 and 37 ºC) when dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide. Eight of the gold compounds had drug-like properties comparable to clinically available drugs when in silico predictions were performed. The 50% cytotoxic dose of the compounds in human cells was between 1 and 20 μM (clinically relevant concentrations for gold compounds). Three gold(I) compounds inhibited viral infectivity at non-toxic concentrations and two gold(III) compounds did so at cytostatic (anti-proliferative mechanism that is also antiviral) concentrations. In the immunomodulatory assay, cytokine levels were altered by five compounds with one gold(I) and a gold(III) compound significantly reducing the frequency of CD4+ cells (an anti-viral function) from HIV+ donors (p= 0.005 and 0.027 respectively) when multi-parametric flow cytometry was performed. Inhibition of RT activity was predicted in in silico studies to be through interactions with the ribonuclease (RNase) H site although with poor stereochemical orientation while favourable binding predictions with the IN cofactor binding site were observed for some gold(III) complexes. Compounds predicted to interact with the RNase H site of RT and the IN cofactor site require structural modification to improve drug-likeness and binding affinity. The drug-like compound(s) which inhibited viral infectivity and lowered CD4+ cell frequency have potential for incorporation into virostatic cocktails (combination of cytostatic and directly anti-viral agent). Cytostatic agents are known to be less prone to drug resistance and because they lower CD4+ cell frequency, such compounds can potentially limit HIV immune activation.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Biochemistry
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23

Higginbotham, Mary Lynn. "Preclinical pharmacokinetic and tolerance assessment and phase I clinical trial of MU-gold, a novel chemotherapeutic agent /." Free to MU Campus, others may purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421141.

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24

Yip, Sung-kong. "Design, synthesis, characterization and luminescence properties of alkynylgold(I) complexes strategies towards supramolecular architectures and host guest chemistry /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31941734.

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25

Chan, Chui-ling. "Synthesis and luminescence studies of homo- and heteronuclear complexes of gold and copper /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20567698.

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26

Lee, Wai-kit. "Syntheses, photophysics and photochemistry of polynuclear d10 complexes of copper(I) and gold(I) /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17665589.

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27

Zinser, Caroline Magdalene. "Palladium and gold N-heterocyclic carbene complexes : synthesis and catalytic applications." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17066.

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Li, Ka-lei Carrie. "In vitro and in vivo studies of cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic cyclometalated gold(III) and gold(III) porphyrin complexes." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39634577.

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Li, Ka-lei Carrie, and 李嘉莉. "In vitro and in vivo studies of cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic cyclometalated gold(III) and gold(III) porphyrin complexes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39634577.

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30

Zou, Taotao, and 邹滔滔. "Anti-cancer N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of gold(III), gold(I) and platinum(II) : thiol "switch-on" fluorescent probes, thioredoxin reductase inhibitors and endoplasmic reticulum targeting agents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208614.

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31

Dupuy, Stéphanie. "N-heterocyclic carbene gold hydroxide complexes as bond activation reagents." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6613.

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Although known since the 1930s, organogold chemistry has been dormant until recently, primarily due to preconceptions about the inertness of gold in transformations. However, this last decade has witnessed the emergence of a Golden Age with the development of a wealth of reports on gold in a plethora of reactions. In recent years, the drive for more atom- and step-economical and environmentally friendly reactions has become a field of intense research. In our on-going research on well-defined transition metal complexes bearing NHC ligands, our group recently discovered a new gold(I) hydroxide complex [Au(OH)(IPr)] (1a) that can be easily synthesised from the chloride precursor [AuCl(IPr)] (1b). A preliminary survey of the reactivity of this gold synthon has demonstrated interesting reactivity that holds great potential in bond activation reactions and the development of useful synthetic methods. Simplistically, this gold hydroxide complex can be seen as a strong Brønsted base. This thesis is dedicated to an in-depth examination of the reactivity of this complex in base-free bond activation reactions. Two themes predominate in the following chapters: the first part demonstrates the activity of gold(I) hydroxide as a bond activation agent to readily and efficiently access organogold complexes while the second part studies the reactivity of this compound in decarboxylation processes with carboxylic acids. Chapter 2 and 3 were dedicated to the development of new synthetic routes to access organogold complexes via base-free transmetalation reactions with organoborons and silanes using 1a. The combination of experimental and computational studies allowed identification and isolation of key intermediates in these reactions. Chapter 4 can be seen as a transition between the development of novel methodologies to synthesise aryl and heteroarylgold complexes and the first steps of gold hydroxide 1a as mediator in decarboxylation reaction. As a result, a novel mode of reactivity for gold was discovered and the synthetic route developed constitutes one of the greenest procedures to prepare organogold complexes with the generation of water and CO₂ as only side products. Chapter 5 and 6 venture further into the exploration of 1a in decarboxylation reactions and detail the development of a catalytic process for the protodecarboxylation reaction and subsequent mechanistic investigations of this reaction through stoichiometric experiments and kinetic and computational studies.

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32

Kui, Chi-fai. "Non-covalent weak interactions in group IV, PT(II) and AU(I) organometallic complexes synthesis, structures and properties /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32021331.

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33

Sayahtaheri, Sousan. "Gold Compounds and Rheumatoid Arthritis Murine Studies of the Immune Response to Gold Sodium Thiomalate." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500824/.

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Balb/c normal mice were used to study the effects of gold sodium thiomalate (GST) on intact, nonadherent, and adherent mononuclear spleen cells. The three populations were tested for the following aspects: in vitro effects of GST on the mitogen-triggered DNA synthesis; intracellular levels of cyclic AMP; and chemotaxis ability. These studies showed that GST inhibited the proliferative responses of all three populations as the concentration of GST increased. Cyclic AMP levels in the nonadherent population increased as the GST concentration increased. GST had a biphasic effect on the adherent population. At concentrations of 5 and 10 jag/ml, GST suppressed the cyclic AMP levels, and at concentration of 50 pg/ml it enhanced the cyclic AMP levels. GST had no effect on the cyclic AMP levels in the intact mononuclear spleen cells. GST appeared to have an inhibitory effect on the chemotaxis ability of all three populations of spleen cells.

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34

Li, Chi-kwan, and 李志君. "Gold(I) and Gold(II) phosphine complexes exhibiting weak AuI... AuI interactions and unsupported AuII-AuII bonds: syntheses, spectroscopy, host-guest chemistry and reactivity studies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243332.

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35

Hung, Ling-ling. "Novel luminescent cyclometalated gold (III) alkynyls design, synthesis, photophysics and their multinuclear assemblies /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3963453X.

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36

He, Xiaoming. "Design, synthesis and characterization of alkynyl- and thiolato- gold (I) complexes with various receptor groups for host-guest chemistry." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43571979.

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37

Cheung, Kai-leung. "Syntheses and luminescence studies of di- and polynuclear gold(1) and copper(1) complexes, design strategies towards metalloreceptors and mixed-metal complexes /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23736136.

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38

Liu, Li. "The chemistry of luminescent mercury (II) alkynyl complexes and their platinum (II) and gold (I) counterparts." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/627.

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39

Shum, Yuen-ting. "Functionalized platinum (II) and gold (I) acetylide complexes structural and spectroscopic properties and anticancer activities /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38639865.

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40

Cheng, Chung-chin. "Syntheses and photophysics of luminescent polynuclear coinage metal complexes with chalcogen and pnictogen containing bridging ligands /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22956372.

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41

Yan, Jing, and 严静. "The anticancer properties of gold (III) complexes with tridentate cyclometalated, porphyrinato and glycosylated ligands." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4587265X.

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42

Tian, Songhai, and 田松海. "Proteomic and pharmacological analyses of the mechanism of actions of anticancer gold(I) complexes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206471.

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Gold complexes have a long history of being used as therapeutic agents, especially in applications against immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In 1979, an oral gold(I) drug – auranofin (AuRF, brand name as Ridaura®) – was demonstrated to exhibit anticancer properties. Since then, a considerable number of gold(I) complexes have been reported to show remarkable anticancer activities, but the understanding of their mechanism of actions is limited. In the present study, AuRF and several other anticancer gold(I)-phosphine complexes including AuPEt ([Au(triethylphosphine)Cl]) were demonstrated to induce autophagy – a cellular catabolic process of macromolecules and organelles through lysosomal degradation. The induced autophagy involved the accumulation of autophagosomes, which was mediated by the enhancement of autophagy initiation rather than by the blockage of autophagosomes maturation. Moreover, the AuRF and AuPEt induced autophagy was demonstrated to have a pro-survival effect for the cancer cells. To better explore the mechanism of actions of AuRF and other anticancer gold(I) complexes, a subcellular fractionation-based proteomic approach has been developed and optimized. This approach combined the use of subcellular fractionation, protein extraction, HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry, and bottom-up protein identification and quantification. By using this approach, the proteome coverage was increased, the complexities of the sub-proteomes were reduced, and the low-abundant organelle proteins were enriched. The nuclear sub-proteomes of AuRF-treated or AuPEt-treated cells were analyzed to identify the significantly regulated transcription regulators and the signaling pathways involved. The analysis delineates the possible AuRF-activated anticancer pathways involving up-regulation of the tumor suppressor cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (〖p14〗^ARF), inhibition of the E2F transcription activity, blocking of the translocation of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (MDM2) from nucleus to cytoplasm and induction of the tumor suppressor p53. Furthermore, the KeyNode-based pathway analysis was applied to analyze the whole proteomes obtained from merging the sub-proteomes. Alongside the p53 pathway and E2F network, the regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR, the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis) is one of the most up-regulated pathways of AuRF treatment. AuRF also showed significant inhibition to HMGCR activity in vitro with an IC50 value at the micromolar level. The effects of AuRF and AuPEt on the high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), which exhibits distinct functions dependent on its cellular locations, were investigated. Treatment of cells with AuRF or AuPEt resulted in down-regulation of nuclear HMGB1, which is associated with p53-dependent cytotoxicities. The cytoplasmic HMGB1, which can induce autophagy, was found to be up-regulated. The levels of secreted HMGB1, which exhibits pro-inflammatory properties, were reduced, possibly contributing to anti-rheumatoid arthritis actions of AuRF. Collectively, the pharmacological and proteomic analyses in this research of AuRF and other anticancer gold(I) complexes supplement the current knowledge of their mechanism of actions.
published_or_final_version
Chemistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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43

Shum, Yuen-ting, and 岑婉婷. "Functionalized platinum (II) and gold (I) acetylide complexes: structural and spectroscopic properties andanticancer activities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38639865.

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44

Hung, Ling-ling, and 熊靈玲. "Novel luminescent cyclometalated gold (III) alkynyls: design, synthesis, photophysics and their multinuclearassemblies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3963453X.

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45

Price, Gregory Arthur. "Routes to organogold compounds and gold catalysed A3-coupling reactions." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/routes-to-organogold-compounds-and-gold-catalysed-a3coupling-reactions(4b552b2f-0053-4449-9421-71116441850c).html.

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A new route to the synthesis of cyclometallated gold(III) complexes containing functionalised (2-dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl ligands is described. The synthesis of 2-Me2NCH2-C6H4AuCl2 (8a), 2-Me2NCH2-5-CH3-C6H3AuCl2 (49), 2-Me2NCH2-5-CF3-C6H3AuCl2 (50) and 2-Me2NCH2-5-OMe-C6H3AuCl2 (51) has been accomplished via transmetallation from the corresponding boroxines to sodium tetrachloroaurate in aqueous acetonitrile. This protocol gives comparable yields to those obtained via transmetallation from an organomercurial. However this route is advantageous as it avoids the use of extremely toxic mercury compounds. The novel bimetallic tin(IV) complexes 1,4-(SnPh3)2-2,5-(NMe2CH2)2-C6H2 (66),1,4-(SnMe3)2-2,5-(NMe2CH2)2-C6H2 (67) and 1,4-(SnMe2Cl)2-2,5-(NMe2CH2)2-C6H2 (68) have been synthesised by in-situ quenching of 1,4-(Li)2-2,5-(NMe2CH2)2-C6H2 (57) with two equivalents of ClSnPh3, ClSnMe3 or Cl2SnMe2 respectively. Transmetallation from 1,4-(SnMe2Cl)2-2,5-(NMe2CH2)2-C6H2 (68) with two equivalents of sodium tetrachloroaurate in refluxing acetonitrile resulted in the formation of the relatively insoluble di-gold(III) complex 1,4-(AuCl2)2-2,5-(NMe2CH2)2-C6H2 (71). The novel bisphosphine 1,4-(PPh2)2-2,5-(NMe2CH2)2-C6H2 (69) has also been prepared by in-situ quenching of 1,4-(Li)2-2,5-(NMe2CH2)2-C6H2 (57) with two equivalents of ClPPh2. 69 was reacted with ClAu(THT) to form the novel di-gold(I) phosphine complex 1,4-(ClAuPPh2)2-2,5-(NMe2CH2)2-C6H2 (70) in excellent yield. The catalytic activity of a variety of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes in the A3-coupling of aldehydes, amines and alkynes has been investigated. 2-Me2NCH2-C6H4AuCl2 (8a) was found to be an effective catalyst for A3-couplings, with H2O as solvent, giving essentially quantitative conversions after 24 h. The couplings were tolerant to a diverse range of substrates. A range of chiral Au(III) and Au(I) complexes were prepared and screened in the reaction of benzaldehyde, dibenzylamine and phenylacetylene. In all cases no discernible ee was observed. A series of A3-coupling reactions catalysed by 8a, Na[AuCl4] .2H2O and [AuCCPh]n (139) were also monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy and this data suggests a common, catalytically active species, is formed during these reactions. The addition of PPh3 to the gold catalysed couplings was found to severely retard the reactions. In contrast the use of chloroform as the solvent resulted in significant improvements to the rate of reaction. Overall the data collected provides a mechanistic insight into the development of asymmetric A3-coupling reactions. The evidence suggests that a single universal catalytically active acetylide species is formed from both Au(I) and Au(III) precursors.

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46

Chan, Sau-han. "Non-heme iron(III) and gold(III) complexes with dicarboxamide ligands synthesis, structures and anti-cancer properties /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557984.

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47

李維傑 and Wai-kit Lee. "Syntheses, photophysics and photochemistry of polynuclear d10 complexes of copper(I) and gold(I)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31234264.

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48

Yip, Sung-kong, and 葉崇江. "Design, synthesis, characterization and luminescence properties of alkynylgold(I) complexes: strategies towardssupramolecular architectures and host guest chemistry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31941734.

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49

Chan, Sau-han, and 陳秀嫻. "Non-heme iron(III) and gold(III) complexes with dicarboxamide ligands: synthesis, structures and anti-cancerproperties." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39557984.

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50

Chan, On-yee, and 陳安怡. "Bioconjugation reactions of peptides and proteins mediated by manganese, ruthenium and gold compounds." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46539773.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gold Compound'

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