Journal articles: 'Gold and gold mining'

1

Arce, L. "Mining GOLD." IEEE Potentials 20, no. 1 (February 2001): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mp.2001.913207.

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2

Marshall, S. Brooks. "Mining Fool's Gold." CFA Digest 29, no. 4 (November 1999): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v29.n4.561.

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3

McQueen, Grant, and Steven Thorley. "Mining Fool's Gold." Financial Analysts Journal 55, no. 2 (March 1999): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/faj.v55.n2.2261.

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4

Mitten, L. A. "Mining for Gold." Choice Reviews Online 47, no. 02 (October 1, 2009): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.47.02.232.

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5

Phakathi, Sizwe Timothy. "Gold Mining Today." Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa 75, no. 1 (2011): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/trn.2011.0010.

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Malay, D. Scot. "Mining for Gold." Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery 57, no. 6 (November 2018): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2018.09.017.

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7

Sykes, Claire L. "Mining for Gold." Afterimage 34, no. 6 (May 1, 2007): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.2007.34.6.20.

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8

Downs, Christian. "Mining for Gold." Oncology Issues 23, no. 2 (March 2008): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10463356.2008.11883393.

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9

Madsen, Brigham D. "Mining Mormon Gold." Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 19, no. 1 (April 1, 1986): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45225465.

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10

Phillips, C. V. "Gold mining 87." Minerals Engineering 2, no. 2 (January 1989): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-6875(89)90050-2.

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11

Levinson, Wendy. "Mining for gold." Journal of General Internal Medicine 8, no. 3 (March 1993): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02599771.

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12

Золотарев, Д. Д., Ю. В. Каверзина, А. А. Ращупкина, Т. М. Садруллина, А. А. Тирская, К. М. Федченко, and А. С. Федотов. "Gold Mining Stakeholders." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 4(117) (June 1, 2020): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.117.4.132.

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Статья посвящена изучению теории стейкхолдеров и исследовании возможности ее применения на предприятиях золотодобывающих предприятий. Таким образом, в данной работе были определены стейкхолдеры золотодобывающих компаний и их цели и интересы. Практическая применимость золотодобывающей компанией теории заинтересованных сторон и реализации интересов друг друга позволит достигнуть эффективного функционирования, способствующего устойчивому развитию и экономической безопасности золотодобывающего предприятия. The article is devoted to the study of the theory of stakeholders and the study of the possibility of its application in enterprises of gold mining enterprises. Thus, in this work, the stakeholders of gold mining companies and their goals and interests were identified. The practical applicability of the theory of stakeholders by the gold mining company and the realization of each other's interests will allow us to achieve effective functioning that promotes sustainable development and economic security gold mining enterprise.

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Ahmed YM, Oruonye ED, and Abdulkadir Usman Adamu. "Dynamics of artisanal gold mining in Gashaka local government area of Taraba State, Nigeria." International Journal of Scientific Research Updates 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2021.2.1.0033.

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Despite the fact that gold has been mined in Gashaka, Taraba State for over a century and has continued to present day in the area, not much is known about this activity and its associated environmental impact in the state. This study therefore, examines the dynamics of artisanal small scale gold mining activities in Gashaka Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design approach which involves the use of direct fieldwork observation and interview of key informants. The findings of the study reveals that alluvial gold is mined along the streams and farmlands on the floodplains in the area. The gold exists as alluvial gold dust and nugget gold. The artisanal gold mining activity is carried out with rudimentary materials such as pickaxes, diggers, shovels, spades, pans and water pumps. Some of the local mining communities are Gayam, Jamtari, Karamti, Serti, Goje, Bodel, Mayo Jim, Bashishir, Kurr and Garbabi. The 3 major methods employed by artisanal gold miners in the study area include panning method, use of locally constructed devices and picking of gold nuggets or crystals from dug pit on the floodplain. The artisanal gold miners use sulphuric acid and white mercury in purifying the collected gold. The miners do not use any protective gears such as face masks, rubber gloves, leather boots or head coverings in the mining process. All golds collected from the mining activities are sold in the town (Serti/Baruwa). There is a ready market with both local buyers residing in the town and distant buyers coming from different parts of the country. Artisanal gold mining is an important livelihood activity in the study area despite the fact that many of them are carried out illegally. Based on the findings, the study recommended the establishment of a goldsmith industry, improvement in security in the local communities and organizing the artisanal gold miners into cooperative organizations.

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14

Cullen, Ross, and David Craw. "Gold mining, gold prices and technological change." New Zealand Economic Papers 24, no. 1 (January 1990): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779959009544151.

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15

Rumyantsev, Peter P. "GOLD MINING ACTIVITY AND GOLD MINING HERITAGE OF A. KH. BENKENDORF." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (History and Political Science), no. 1 (2021): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-676x-2021-1-63-74.

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16

Baur, Dirk G. "Gold mining companies and the price of gold." Review of Financial Economics 23, no. 4 (November 2014): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rfe.2014.07.001.

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17

Osawa, Takahito, and Yuichi Hatsukawa. "Artisanal and small-scale gold mining in Myanmar:." International Journal of Human Culture Studies 2015, no. 25 (2015): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9748/hcs.2015.221.

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18

Meaza, Hailemariam, Mushir Ali, Solomon Hishe, and Zbelo Tesfamariam. "Small scale gold mining effects on the miners and local communities in semi-arid region of Ethiopia." Journal for Geography 10, no. 1 (June 15, 2015): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/rg.10.1.3935.

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North Ethiopian highlands are traditionally known for gold mining which has been means of livelihood of the rural community. The present work was conducted to investigate socio-economic conditions of gold miners, ways of obtaining the gold, their earning and negative consequences of the gold mining. On the basis of random sampling, 140 miners were interviewed. Moreover, focus group discussions transect walks and practical observations across the mining sites were made with team leaders on different issues of gold mining and its effects. Descriptive statistics was used to compute socio-economic characteristics, gold harvesting, and income dynamics. ANOVA was run to observe variations of income from gold mining and other sources, 2009 to 2012. The positive effects of gold mining for involved people were regarding income, employment, expenditure on education, health and food consumption. On the other hand, conflicting interest, communicable diseases, aggressive child labour, school dropouts, social disruptions and injuries were challenges of the small scale gold mining. The findings highlight that the income generated from small scale gold mining plays a pivotal role in reducing rural poverty. Therefore, providing integrated training for gold miners can mitigate the challenges of small scale gold mining and thereby to improve livelihoods of the small scale gold miners in Ethiopia.

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19

Smith, Gary. "Data mining fool’s gold." Journal of Information Technology 35, no. 3 (May 11, 2020): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268396220915600.

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The scientific method is based on the rigorous testing of falsifiable conjectures. Data mining, in contrast, puts data before theory by searching for statistical patterns without being constrained by prespecified hypotheses. Artificial intelligence and machine learning systems, for example, often rely on data-mining algorithms to construct models with little or no human guidance. However, a plethora of patterns are inevitable in large data sets, and computer algorithms have no effective way of assessing whether the patterns they unearth are truly useful or meaningless coincidences. While data mining sometimes discovers useful relationships, the data deluge has caused the number of possible patterns that can be discovered relative to the number that are genuinely useful to grow exponentially—which makes it increasingly likely that what data mining unearths is likely to be fool’s gold.

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20

Collins, Francis S. "Mining for therapeutic gold." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 10, no. 6 (June 2011): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd3461.

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21

Firestone, Joseph. "Mining for information gold." IEEE Engineering Management Review 36, no. 3 (2008): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emr.2008.4648889.

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22

Sakaguchi, Minoru, and Toshio Hamada. "A GOLD-MINING PROBLEM." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 14, no. 2 (April 2000): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800142020.

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We study an example of R. Bellman's gold-mining problem related to a programming job on the computer. The problem is formulated by dynamic programming and the optimal strategy is explicitly derived. The Bayesian version when the parameter involved is unknown is also solved by the same method. It is shown that the optimal strategy in each of two versions has the “no-island” (or, in other words, “control-limit”) property.

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23

Rice, Robert A. "Gold mining in Nicaragua." Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report 5, no. 1 (January 1986): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14041048609409291.

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24

Minnaar, Anthony. "Gold mining in Zululand." New Contree 51 (May 31, 2006): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v51i0.427.

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Hierdie artikel ondersoek die reeks kleiner “goudstormlope” wat gedurende die middel 1880’s plaasgevind het tot net na die Eerste Wêreldoorlog in KwaZulu-Natal – histories bekend as Zululand. Goudprospektering was veral aangespoor deur die £1 000 beloning aangebied deur die koloniale regering van Natal aan enige delwer wat ‘n betekenisvolle goudrif in hierdie geweste sou ontdek. Alhoewel betreklike ryk ertsneerslae van gouddraende riwwe dikwels ontdek is, en wat gevolglik tot stormlope na vergeleë areas in hierdie gebied aanleiding gegee het, het almal op die lange duur min opgelewer. Die eenvoudige verklaring daarvoor was dat die Goudrif net in ertsneste of -holtes voorgekom het en dus nie aaneenlopend was nie. Die bergagtige aard van die terrein met sy diep valleie was grotendeels die vernaamste rede die gebroke goudriflyn. Twee fases van goudmynbedrywighede is geïdentifiseer. Uiteindelik sou dit blyk dat die meeste van die goudmynmaatskappye in Zululand ‘n beperkte groei gehandhaaf het as kleinerige myne met ‘n gesukkel om ‘n bestaan te maak. Bedrywighede is beeïndig. Die uitsondering was ‘n kleinerige aanleg in die Pongolovallei wat die Wonderfonteinriwwe bewerk het. Na die Tweede Wêreldoorlog was daar net sporadiese pogings om bestaande goudriwwe te myn aangesien daar geen nuwes ontdek was nie. In hierdie artikel word die begin- en ontwikkelingsfase van die hoofgoudstormlope in Zululand ondersoek. Die lengte van elk se lewenssiklus sowel as die gesukkel om die “ertsneste” te vind en ‘n befondsing vir dié bedryf se velerlei uitdagings, word bespreek.

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25

Azmi, Ulul,. "KONFLIK PENAMBANGAN EMAS DI KECAMATAN LIMUN KABUPATEN SAROLANGUN." Istoria: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Batanghari 2, no. 1 (May 9, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/istoria.v2i1.18.

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AbstractIn 1970-1999 the development of gold mining in Indonesia was influenced by the centralistic New Order government's economic policies including the gold mining sector. In 1970 the community in Kecamatan Limun still did the gold mining with the traditional model. In the year 2000 mining model undergoing change and development, people doing gold mining using machine. The impact of mining activities on environmental, social, economic and political damage. The government as the policy owner issues a policy, which ultimately leads to conflict. This conflict occurred because of a clash between government policies and the interests of gold miners.Keyword: Conflict, Gold Mining, Limun District

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26

Svetlana Semenovna TIMOFEEVA, Laye Oumar SOUMAORO, and Kandas KEITA. "Artisanal gold mining in guinea and security concerns." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.1.1039.

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One of the continents richest in gold reserves is Africa. According to the World Bank, about 20 % of gold in African countries is still mined using artisanal methods. There is no officially recognized, generally accepted definition of artisanal small-scale gold mining. In essence, artisanal or small-scale gold mining is a labor-intensive, financially and technologically underdeveloped gold mining activity. Artisanal gold mining can be either informal, illegal, without state permission, or formal (legalized, streamlined). In the modern world, artisanal mining in African countries is experiencing rapid growth after their liberation from colonial oppression. The paper examines the environmental costs or ecological footprint of artisanal gold mining, such as: mercury intoxication of ecosystems, gold miners and local populations; deforestation, destruction of ecosystems; pollution of watercourses; industrial injuries and occupational diseases of gold miners; crime and social instability. Practical recommendations for improving safety are given.

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27

Zelyak, Vitaliy G. "Dynamics of gold mining in Siberia in 1920–1922." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 483 (2022): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/483/10.

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The article aims to analyze the dynamics of gold mining in Siberia in 1920–1922 years and to determine the role and importance of the Siberian gold industry on the all-Russian scale. This is achieved through a consistent research of the annual gold indicators in Siberia as a whole, as well as production indicators in each major gold mining region of Siberia (except for the territories that were part of the Far Eastern Republic). The dynamics of the number of employees engaged in gold mining in Siberia during this period is also studied. The main historiographic problem of the history of gold mining in Siberia in 1920–1922 is the lack of data on metal mining in absolute parameters; research is mainly based on relative indicators. The article is based on data from statistical reporting materials of the Main Committee of the Gold and Platinum Industry (Glavzoloto) of the RSFSR Supreme Soviet of the National Economy, which systematically published information about the all-Russian and regional production in specialized periodicals. To clarify and expand the understanding of the organization of the gold industry in Siberia, archival data of the State Archive of Novosibirsk Oblast was used. In 1920–1922, more than 7 tons of gold were mined in Siberia, which accounted for 85% of all-Russian gold mining during this period. The absolute leader of Siberian gold mining, like in the pre-revolutionary period, was Lensky gold mining area, which in 1920–1922 gave 84,85% of all-Siberian gold mining. In 1920–1922, Middle Siberia (Yenisei Province) produced more than 1 and Western Siberia about 0.2 tons of gold, which amounted to 12.25% and 2.3% of the all-Russian result, respectively. The period of 1920–1922 was one of the most difficult for the emerging Soviet gold industry both on a national scale and for specific gold mining regions, including Siberia in particular. The main reasons for the crisis of the Siberian gold industry were, first of all, the lack of food, huge difficulties in organizing the delivery of goods to the mining areas, the decline of the technical condition of mines. In some areas, attacks by armed gangs posed a serious threat to the work of gold mining enterprises. During 1920–1922, the authorities were forced to focus on the support of only the largest and most efficient (in terms of production of the metal) units Lenzoloto and Enzoloto. The rest of the gold-mining regions of Siberia switched to prospecting works. As a whole, the central and local authorities, making great efforts, provided a significant increase in Siberian and all-Russian gold mining.

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Grebenyuk, Pavel S. "Russian Gold Mining Output in 1901-1917: A Source Studies Aspect." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2018): 679–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-3-679-691.

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This paper explores the problem of gold mining output in the Russian empire in 1901-1917 drawing on published and archival data. The aim of the study is to clarify indicators of gold mining production, since in the leading studies the data vary due to the peculiarities of metal accounting. It draws on published materials and archival documents of the State Institute for Design of Enterprises of Gold and Platinum Industry of the Glavzoloto of the People's Commissariat of Nonferrous Metallurgy (Giprozoloto), prepared in 1944 as a ‘Collection of Materials on the Gold Industry: 1493 - 1943’ and stored in the State Archive of the Magadan Region. Materials of the Giprozoloto Institute contain calculations of gold production in Russia and the USSR from 1745 to 1943, as well as technical and economic information on national gold mining industry in the early 20th century. The analysis shows that gold mining indices in scientific literature and sources are given according to data from gold log-books or gold-smelting laboratories. Gold log-books did not reflect the volume of actual mining, they only showed the gold registered in mines; moreover, some gold was withheld, and then came in to laboratories for alloy. Accounting for metal in the gold-smelting laboratories showed higher and more accurate production figures, since it included artisanal mining gold. However, as the source study demonstrates, figures of gold production in 1901-1917 according to the Giprozoloto Institute (805.4 tons) and according to L.B. Kafengauz (814.6 tons) based on data of gold-smelting laboratories and incorporated volumes of uncleaned bullion gold entered in there. The results of the study change the views on the volume of gold mining in Russia in this period that prevail in the historiography. It should be noted, that according to calculations, confirmed indicators of industrial production of chemically pure gold in Russia in 1901-1917 amounted to 682.5 tons. Final figures of gold industry of the period in amount of chemically pure gold obtained in gold-smelting laboratories corresponded to indices of value of gold production used in the analysis industry dynamics, and is considered correct, when compared with the USSR gold-mining indices.

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29

Borisovich, V. T., Z. M. Nazarova, and B. S. Madzhidov. "The mechanism of the gold loan and its use in the gold mining industry." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, no. 3 (June 28, 2017): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2017-3-31-36.

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The essence of the gold loan and its role in the formation of the market of the precious metals have been considered. The gold mining companies are stated to be the main users of the borrowed gold. The main uses of the gold loans have been presented, including uses by gold mining companies, for the development of the mining industry and refinancing the debt. The modern problems of the functioning of the market for gold loans have been considered. The role of Central and commercial banks in the development of the market for gold loans has been reflected. The mechanism of the operation of the gold loan has been represented. The benefits of the gold credit for the gold mining industry compared to a conventional loan have been reflected.

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30

Baur, Dirk G., Philipp Prange, and Karsten Schweikert. "Flight to quality – Gold mining shares versus gold bullion." Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 71 (March 2021): 101296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2021.101296.

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31

Stepanov, Vitaliy Alekseyevich, and Anton Vladimirovich Melnikov. "Tokur gold mining center in the Amur gold province." Regional Geology and Metallogeny, no. 90 (2022): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52349/0869-7892_2022_90_107-116.

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32

Borisovich, V. T., Z. M. Nazarova, N. Kh Kurbanov, and B. S. Madzhidov. "EVALUATION OF GOLD LOAN IN THE GOLD MINING INDUSTRY." MINING INFORMATIONAL AND ANALYTICAL BULLETIN 7 (May 20, 2017): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2017-7-0-34-44.

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33

Killick, David. "Gold and Gold Mining in Ancient Egypt and Nubia." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 48, no. 4 (December 2013): 539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2013.852381.

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34

King, Don W. "Gold Mining or Gold Digging? The Selling of Narnia." Christianity & Literature 55, no. 4 (September 2006): 567–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014833310605500409.

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Redwood, Stewart D. "The history of mining and mineral exploration in Panama: From Pre-Columbian gold mining to modern copper mining." Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 72, no. 3 (November 28, 2020): A180720. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2020v72n3a180720.

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The history of mining and exploration in Panama is a case study of the evolution of mining in a tropical, island arc environment in the New World from prehistoric to modern times over a period of ~1900 years. Panama has a strong mineral endowment of gold (~984 t), and copper (~32 Mt) resulting in a rich mining heritage. The mining history can be divided into five periods. The first was the pre-Columbian period of gold mining from near the start of the Current Era at ~100 CE to 1501, following the introduced of gold metalwork fully fledged from Colombia. Mining of gold took place from placer and vein deposits in the Veraguas, Coclé, Northern Darien and Darien goldfields, together with copper for alloying. Panama was the first country on the mainland of the Americas to be mined by Europeans during the Spanish colonial period from 1501-1821. The pattern of gold rushes, conquest and settlement can be mapped from Spanish records, starting in Northern Darien then moving west to Panama in 1519 and Nata in 1522. From here, expeditions set out throughout Veraguas over the next century to the Veraguas (Concepción), Southern Veraguas, Coclé and Central Veraguas goldfields. Attention returned to Darien in ~1665 and led to the discovery of the Espíritu Santo de Cana gold mine, the most important gold mine to that date in the Americas. The third period was the Republican period following independence from Spain in 1821 to become part of the Gran Colombia alliance, and the formation of the Republic of Panama in 1903. This period up to ~1942 was characterized by mining of gold veins and placers, and manganese mining from 1871. Gold mining ceased during World War Two. The fourth period was the era of porphyry copper discoveries and systematic, regional geochemical exploration programs from 1956 to 1982, carried out mainly by the United Nations and the Panamanian government, as well as private enterprise. This resulted in the discovery of the giant porphyry copper deposits at Cerro Colorado (1957) and Petaquilla (Cobre Panama, 1968), as well as several other porphyry deposits, epithermal gold deposits and bauxite deposits. The exploration techniques for the discovery of copper were stream sediment and soil sampling, followed rapidly by drilling. The only mine developed in this period was marine black sands for iron ore (1971-1972). The fifth and current period is the exploration and development of modern gold and copper mines since 1985 by national and foreign companies, which started in response to the gold price rise. The main discovery methods for gold, which was not analyzed in the stream sediment surveys, were lithogeochemistry of alteration zones and reexamination of old mines. Gold mines were developed at Remance (1990-1998), Santa Rosa (1995-1999 with restart planned in 2020) and Molejon (2009-2014), and the Cobre Panama copper deposit started production in 2019. The level of exploration in the country is still immature and there is high potential for the discovery of new deposits.

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Handley, M. "Where is all the gold?" Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 123, no. 4 (June 8, 2023): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1902/2023.

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The Witwatersrand Basin contains by far the most gold ever found, and has hosted mining from its discovery in 1886 to the present. For many years, South Africa was the world's largest producer of gold, nearly all of which came from the Witwatersrand. Since 2000, South Africa has fallen back several positions because of declining gold output. There are many complex and varied reasons for this; however, declining gold resources in the Witwatersrand Basin are not one of them. As far as the author knows, there are no qualified estimates in the literature of gold remaining in the Witwatersrand Basin. This paper collects mining data from several sources and then, using elementary gold accounting and error analysis, attempts to estimate the amount of gold remaining in the Witwatersrand Basin. It includes gold underground in existing and defunct mines, in evaluated ore resources, and dumps. Compiled data from 1887 to 2019 shows that 50 200 t of gold were produced by Witwatersrand mines, while it is estimated that a further 48 100 t remain underground, both within and outside of mine leases, a further 1 600 t on the surface in tailings, and an unknown amount in rock dumps. Nearly all of this gold will remain inaccessible with current mining methods, and major technical developments in mining will be necessary before any of the gold can be categorized as a code-compliant resource or reserve. To win this prize, the mining industry will have to rethink its approach to mining, both in old mining leases and in the unexploited ground. It will also have to find effective means of preventing gold theft and informal mining, which are on the rise.

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Samuel Chukwudi, Agunyai, Victor Ojakorotu, and Oluwakemi Roseline Olatunji. "Artisanal Gold Mining and Local Socio-Economic Development in Ife Land, Southwest, Nigeria: A situational Analysis." African Journal of Development Studies (formerly AFFRIKA Journal of Politics, Economics and Society) SI, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2022/siv2a4.

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The article examines the effects of artisanal gold mining on cash crop plantations and safe coexistence in Ife land, Nigeria. It hypothesized that artisanal gold mining inadvertently encourages communities to sell their land cheaply to gold merchants and forego agricultural food production. These were with the view to advancing knowledge about how artisanal gold mining impedes local socio-economic development in Ife land. It utilizes mixed method of quantitative and qualitative research designs. Results showed widespread damage of cash crops, relocation of local indigenous cocoa investors from mining communities due to insecurity, and lands were sold cheaply out of fear of losing them to gold merchants, thus, jeopardizing food security in mining communities. It concludes that artisanal gold mining is progressively devastating local socio-economic development of mining communities in Ife land, Southwest Nigeria.

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Galtseva, Natalya, and Olga Sharypova. "Russia’s Gold Mining Industry: Sanctions Shocks." Spatial Economics 19, no. 2 (2023): 70–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2023.2.070-093.

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The deliberate fragmentation of the world market as a result of the establishment of a global sanctions regime provoked a complete transition of both the Russian and the entire world economy to non-stationary modes of operation, one of the fundamental features of which are the deformations of the global monetary and financial system, which only two years ago seemed to have no alternative to the one based on the US dollar. One of the consequences of these events is the objective strengthening of the role of gold as the basis for the stability of national reserves and a single base in the transition to a plurality of global means of payment. The only source of replenishing gold reserves is gold mining, especially for modern Russia, which Western sanctions have effectively cut off from the world trade in gold. Russia has traditionally been one of the world leaders in terms of gold reserves and resources, ranking third in world production. Gold production in Russia increased by a factor of 1.5 in 2012–2021, facilitated by the growth rate of the Russian gold price relative to the global price due to the rise in the dollar exchange rate after 2014. At the same time, the share of gold in Russia’s gold and foreign exchange reserves is three times smaller than that of developed countries. This article discusses the problems of production localised in the regions of the Russian Far East and Siberia, its impact on the socio-economic development of these regions and the role of gold in the country’s economy. The impact of sanctions on the circulation of precious metals, including gold, is assessed. The authors assess the effects of external sanctions and the macroeconomic policy of the Russian Central Bank in terms of replenishing gold reserves and the volatility of the Russian ruble on gold production, the structure of gold consumption, and the economic situation in the gold mining industry

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Geetha Sineni, S. Haritha,. "Gold As Investable Commodity-An Inquiry." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (February 18, 2023): 2236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.399.

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This paper examines potential benefits of investing in various gold investment vehicles in terms of risk and return from a typical South African investor’s perspective. Furthermore, the study examines the relationship between gold price and South African macroeconomic variables. Data used in the study comprises of monthly closing share price data of JSE listed gold mining companies, gold price, Krugerrand coin, New Gold ETF, FTSE/JSE all share index, gold mining index, unit trust index (gold & precious metals), real GDP, rand/dollar exchange rate, repo rate and CPI. It was found that gold bullion produced superior abnormal returns and yielded greater capital growth compared to the JSE all share index. However, the JSE all share index exhibit lower volatility compared to gold bullion. Abnormal returns for JSE listed gold mining companies tend to differ substantially from gold bullion abnormal returns. Gold mining companies exhibit added risk which cannot be attributed to the gold bullion. Gold has a potential to reduce systematic risk when added to a portfolio of stocks. A multiple regression model was estimated which relates gold price to South African macroeconomic variables. It was found that gold price depends on real GDP and rand/dollar exchange rate.

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Eam, Eang Khy, Syed Fuad Saiyid Hashim, Mohd Hazizan Mohd Hashim, and Mior Termizi Mohd Yusof. "Case Study of Alluvial Gold Mining at Pulai Mining in Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia." Advanced Materials Research 858 (November 2013): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.858.236.

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The Pulai fluviatile gold placer deposit stretches along 17 km of the upper reaches of Sungai Galas, Gua Musang, Kelantan. Malaysia Mining Corporation (MMC) had proved-up sizeable reserves following drilling and bulk testing during 1979-1983. The valley alluvium ranges up to 1200 m wide and averages 6.2 m in thickness. The basal gold-bearing Kaksa comprises bimodal channel lag pebble-gravels with the gold especially concentrated immediately above the bedrock and in potholes. The detrital gold is medium to very coarse sand size, moderately sorted, and occurs as fine grains, scaly flakes and platy nuggets. Concentration of gold was especially favoured in two depositional environments. In the slope interruption zones at the confluence of the Galas and Tuang streams, coarse platy gold was deposited while the finer gold was able to be entrapped further downstream above irregular limestone bedrock surfaces. The gold is of relatively high fineness (950-982), and is probably related genetically to acid intrusions. Important primary sources lie near the Kelantan-Pahang border, 35 km SE of Pulai village, while small granite stocks occurring 3 km west of Pulai are an additional likely source [1].

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Stepanov, V. A., and A. V. Melnikov. "GONZHINSKY GOLD MINING CENTER OF THE AMUR GOLD-BEARING PROVINCE." Regional problems 25, no. 4 (2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2022-25-4-11-21.

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In the Amur province, it is allocated the Gonzhinsky gold mining center. From its deposits it has been extracted about 183 tons of gold. The center includes the Gonzhinsky ore-placer district and adjacent to it from the west and east the Burindinsky and Umlekan ore-placer nodes of the western flank of the Amur gold-bearing province North Bureinsky metallogenic zone. It is shown that the Gonzhinsky projection of the Amur geoblock Precambrian basement and its framing correspond to the gold ore center. The most significant gold deposits in terms of production, reserves and forecast resources are located within the center. The authors have made the formation analysis of gold deposits. It is given a description of the geological structure and gold content of the largest gold deposits – Pioneer gold-sulfide-quartz formation and Pokrovskoye gold-silver. The authors have defined the prospects for ore gold at the Gonzhinsky center.

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Hehamahua, Hayati. "Bagi Hasil Tambang Emas dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam (Studi Pada Tambang Emas Gogorea Kec.Waeapo. Kab.Buru)." e-Journal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi 7, no. 2 (September 17, 2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejeba.v7i2.19597.

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The Gogorea Village Gold Mine is located on the eucalyptus area of the village of Gogorea, which is the owner of the heir of King Liliyali. Community gold mining that occurs in the Mount Botak gold mining area is a lesson for the owner of the Gogorea gold mine to make local rules or laws in managing gold mines. This study aims to determine the profit sharing system of gold mining management between miners and gold mining area owners from an Islamic economic perspective with a qualitative approach. Humans only borrow and use natural resources that Allah has provided, and have no right to control them absolutely. In an Islamic perspective, muamalah transactions take place honestly and transparently in order to avoid conflict and mafsadah (damage). With an Islamic economic approach, the research findings are (a). Initially, the Gogorea gold mining area was an eucalyptus land owned by the heir of King Liliyali so that bargaining power belongs to the heir's family, (b). The internal regulations that have been implemented have been able to reduce conflicts in the Gogorea gold mining area. (c). The existence of this local law is able to guarantee harmony and fraternal relations between miners and mining area owners.

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WERTHMANN, KATJA. "GOLD MINING AND JULA INFLUENCE IN PRECOLONIAL SOUTHERN BURKINA FASO." Journal of African History 48, no. 3 (November 2007): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185370700326x.

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ABSTRACTThe ‘Lobi’ region in what is today southern Burkina Faso is frequently mentioned in historical accounts of gold mining in West Africa. However, little is known about the actual location of the gold mines or about the way gold mining and trade were organized in precolonial times. This article points out that some previous hypotheses about precolonial gold mining, trade and the sociopolitical organization of this region are flawed, partly because ‘Lobi’, as the name for both the region and its inhabitants, is misleading. In fact, the references to ‘Lobi’ merge two distinct gold-producing zones along the Mouhoun river, about 200 km from each other. The present-day populations of southern Burkina who have settled there since the eighteenth century do not know who was mining gold prior to their arrival, and many of them have not been involved in gold mining at all due to conceptions of gold as a dangerous substance.

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Muryani, Eni. "Sinergisitas Penegakan Hukum Pada Kasus Pertambangan Emas Tanpa Izin di Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah." BESTUUR 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v7i2.40437.

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Traditional unlicensed gold mining is found in various places in Indonesia. Mining is carried out by the people and processing gold using mercury, solely to make ends meet, they do not think the impact on environmental damage and pollution and legal aspects that can ensnare it. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the synergy of the legal umbrella and law enforcement practices in unlicensed gold mining (PETI), especially in the case of gold mining in Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province. The research method used is juridical-normative. The research data used are primary and secondary legal materials. The results showed that gold mining carried out without permission in Banyumas District was prone to cause pollution to the environment and workplace accidents. The rise of unlicensed gold mining makes it difficult for government supervision. All existing regulations and laws in synergy regulate how the people's gold mining activities should not create problems for the environment. It's just that implementation in the field is still a lot of violations, especially licensing issues. Law enforcement against illegal gold mining is carried out with preventive and repressive measures. Keywords: Banyumas, Law Enforcement, Gold Mining.

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Sari, Mega M., Takanobu Inoue, Yoshitaka Matsumoto, and Kuriko Yokota. "Measuring total mercury due to small-scale gold mining activities to determine community vulnerability in Cihonje, Central Java, Indonesia." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 2 (October 5, 2015): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.503.

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This research is comparative study of gold mining and non-gold mining areas, using four community vulnerability indicators. Vulnerability indicators are exposure degree, contamination rate, chronic, and acute toxicity. Each indicator used different samples, such as wastewater from gold mining process, river water from Tajum river, human hair samples, and health questionnaire. This research used cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry to determine total mercury concentration. The result showed that concentration of total mercury was 2,420 times than the maximum content of mercury permitted in wastewater based on the Indonesian regulation. Moreover, the mercury concentration in river water reached 685 ng/l, exceeding the quality threshold standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). The mercury concentration in hair samples obtained from the people living in the research location was considered to identify the health quality level of the people or as a chronic toxicity indicator. The highest mercury concentration – i.e. 17 ng/mg, was found in the gold mining respondents. Therefore, based on the total mercury concentration in the four indicators, the community in the gold mining area were more vulnerable to mercury than communities in non-gold mining areas. It was concluded that the community in gold mining area was more vulnerable to mercury contamination than the community in non-gold mining area.

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Heaney, Richard, Nicholas Wai, and Julie Walker. "Gold loans in the Australian gold mining industry: Do gold loans allow gold producers to increase leverage?" Accounting & Finance 37, no. 2 (November 1997): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-629x.1997.tb00317.x.

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Chi, Chang. "Key criteria, principles and directions for sustainable gold mining." National Interests: Priorities and Security 16, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 2142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.11.2142.

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Subject. The article discusses what distinguishes the sustainable development of gold mining in the Russian Federation. Objectives. I herein set up criteria and principles for ensuring the sustainable development of gold mining so as to reach the balance of the economy, environment and social sector throughout places where gold mining enterprises operate. Methods. My theoretical projections are based on the analysis of economic literature and empirical research on resources, environment and sustainable economic development in the existing economic growth areas. Results. I examine the relationship of key criteria and principles for the sustainable development of gold mining. The article aligns directions for the reasonable natural resource use in gold mining, displays opportunities digital technologies give at phases of prospecting, production, processing, trade, maintenance and repair of mining equipment. The article also sets up gold mining investment requirements in terms of further sustainable development. Conclusions and Relevance. The set of gold mining requirements for the Russian Federation will now help flag points for further sustainable development of the gold mining sector as a method to steer and manage the business, ensuring the dynamic growth and balance of related and mutually dependent social, environmental and economic aspects provided they could be regularly and constantly updated. The set of requirements will bring the gold mining sector to the forefront of the Russian industrial production. If a 50 tonnes limit is raised or lifted, the sector will more easily apply for foreign investment and increase the finance of geological prospecting, since the 50 tonnes limit restricted foreign investment in federal subsoil areas.

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Idrobo, Nicolás, Daniel Mejía, and Ana María Tribin. "Illegal Gold Mining and Violence in Colombia." Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0053.

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AbstractThe increase in the international price of commodities after the international financial crisis in 2008 produced a gold rush in the Colombian economy, making legal and illegal mining a very profitable and attractive business. The increase in the illegal exploitation of metals like gold has exacerbated violence in municipalities with an abundance of such minerals. Gold is believed to be a new engine in the Colombian conflict. This paper documents the phenomenon and quantifies the causal impact that the gold boom has had on indicators of violence such as homicides, forced displacement and massacres. We use the location of national parks, indigenous reserves and geochemical anomalies associated with the presence of gold mines as instruments for illegal mining in order to disentangle the causal effect of illegal mining on violence. By law, it is very difficult to get licenses for the extraction of gold in parks and indigenous reserves, and this might be a factor increasing the prevalence of illegal mining activities in municipalities with these features. In order to have time variation in our instruments, we interact geographical features associated with the presence of gold and illegal gold mining (which vary only at the municipal level) with the international price of gold. Our estimates indicate that the rise of illegal gold mining has caused a statistically significant increase in violence, as measured with the homicide rate and the victims of massacres. However, we do not find a significant causal effect of illegal gold mining on forced displacement. Our interpretation is that the increase in the profitability of illegal mining activities has sparked a dispute over territorial control between illegal armed groups in order to monopolize the extraction of the precious minerals. Nevertheless, illegal mining is a labor intensive activity, and this may have counteracted the incentives of illegal armed groups to displace local populations from their land.

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HINES, ELIZABETH, and MICHAEL SMITH. "THE RUSH STARTED HERE, PART III: ‘THE STREETS ARE PAVED WITH GOLD’—SPECULATION, GREED, AND DISAPPOINTMENT, 1849–2010." Earth Sciences History 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-42.1.41.

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ABSTRACT Profitable gold mining began in the United States with the accidental discovery in 1799 of a seventeen-pound gold nugget in Cabarrus County, North Carolina. North Carolina’s gold production peaked between the 1830s and 1840s as hundreds of mines contributed hundreds of thousands of dollars a year to the national economy, necessitating the 1837 construction of a federal Branch Mint in Charlotte to process Piedmont gold. Gold mining suffered a major decline in North Carolina after the discovery of the richer and more extensive gold deposits in California in 1848. However, the North Carolina gold miners who did not join the western rush continued to work the shafts of the Piedmont using increasingly sophisticated European and South American technology, as well as new innovations such as hydraulic mining techniques from California, until the advent of the Civil War. From the end of Reconstruction (1877) to 1920, gold mining in North Carolina was sporadic and often funded by outside investors or used as a ruse in gold and stock scams. Copper mining, with gold and silver as secondary products, using increasingly complex technology and associated environmental issues, drove most of the mining fervor during this period. Following the Great Depression of the 1930s, gold production slowly increased until the Second World War, but never became a major industry as they were out-competed by the more profitable gold fields in the western United States, Alaska, Canada, Australia, and South Africa. From the 1970s to today, dependent upon the price of gold in the market and the requirements of environmental regulation, prior mining districts in North (and South) Carolina have continued to be examined, explored and cautiously mined using cyanide heap leach techniques. Although few in number, these limited lease mining projects have extracted over two million troy ounces of gold and nearly a million troy ounces of silver by 2010. Future extraction by the ongoing Haile Mine (South Carolina) project will increase this amount substantially in the next decade. Nevertheless, Cabarrus County continues to hold the world’s record for producing the greatest number of large (a pound or more) gold nuggets and was the epicenter of North America’s first gold rush.

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Salehan, Alireza, and Bahman Javadi. "Collaborative Gold Mining Algorithm: An Optimization Algorithm Based on the Natural Gold Mining Process." Electronics 11, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 3824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223824.

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In optimization algorithms, there are some challenges, including lack of optimal solution, slow convergence, lack of scalability, partial search space, and high computational demand. Inspired by the process of gold exploration and exploitation, we propose a new meta-heuristic and stochastic optimization algorithm called collaborative gold mining (CGM). The proposed algorithm has several iterations; in each of these, the center of mass of points with the highest amount of gold is calculated for each miner (agent), with this process continuing until the point with the highest amount of gold or when the optimal solution is found. In an n-dimensional geographic space, the CGM algorithm can locate the best position with the highest amount of gold in the entire search space by collaborating with several gold miners. The proposed CGM algorithm was applied to solve several continuous mathematical functions and several practical problems, namely, the optimal placement of resources, the traveling salesman problem, and bag-of-tasks scheduling. In order to evaluate its efficiency, the CGM results were compared with the outputs of some famous optimization algorithms, such as the genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, particle swarm optimization, and invasive weed optimization. In addition to determining the optimal solutions for all the evaluated problems, the experimental results show that the CGM mechanism has an acceptable performance in terms of optimal solution, convergence, scalability, search space, and computational demand for solving continuous and discrete problems.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gold and gold mining'

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