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Relevant bibliographies by topics / GO-GO Models

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Academic literature on the topic 'GO-GO Models'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "GO-GO Models"

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Weise, David R., Xiangyang Zhou, Lulu Sun, and Shankar Mahalingam. "Fire spread in chaparral—'go or no-go?'." International Journal of Wildland Fire 14, no. 1 (2005): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf04049.

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Current fire models are designed to model the spread of a linear fire front in dead, small-diameter fuels. Fires in predominantly living vegetation account for a large proportion of annual burned area in the United States. Prescribed burning is used to manage living fuels; however, prescribed burning is currently conducted under conditions that result in marginal burning. We do not understand quantitatively the relative importance of the fuel and environmental variables that determine spread in live vegetation. To address these weaknesses, laboratory fires have been burned to determine the effects of wind, slope, moisture content and fuel characteristics on fire spread in fuel beds of common chaparral species. Four species (Adenostoma fasciculatum, Ceanothus crassifolius, Quercus berberidifolia, Arctostaphylos parryana), two wind velocities (0 and 2 m s−1) and two fuel bed depths (20 and 40 cm) were used. Oven-dry moisture content of fine fuels (<0.63 cm diameter) ranged from 0.09 to 1.06. Seventy of 125 fires successfully propagated the length (2.0 m) of the elevated fuel bed. A logistic model to predict the probability of successful fire spread was developed using stepwise logistic regression. The variables selected to predict propagation were wind velocity, slope percent, moisture content, fuel loading, species and air temperature. Air temperature and species terms were removed from the model for parsimony. The final model correctly classified 94% of the observations. Comparison of results with an empirical decision matrix for prescribed burning in chaparral suggested some agreement between the laboratory data and the empirical tool.

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Nagler, Eve, Mangesh Pednekar, Daniel Gunderson, Glorian Sorensen, and Prakash Gupta. "Scaling up Tobacco Control in India: Comparing Smartphone to In-Person Training for Implementing an Evidence-Based Intervention to Reduce Tobacco Use Among Schoolteachers: Study Protocol." JCO Global Oncology 8, Supplement_1 (May 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.22.59000.

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PURPOSE Tobacco-related deaths are rising rapidly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In India, approximately 1.2 million people die each year from tobacco-related causes. Reducing tobacco-related deaths in LMICs will require large-scale implementation of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) that promote tobacco control. Currently, implementation of tobacco control EBIs in LMICs relies on in-person training, which has inherent logistical challenges that limit the ability to scale up these programs. New training models are needed to ensure tobacco control EBIs can be implemented broadly and at low cost, especially in rural and under-resourced areas where tobacco use is prevalent. In India, schoolteachers are respected community leaders and role models, representing an important channel for promoting tobacco control. We previously demonstrated the effectiveness of the Tobacco-Free Teachers, Tobacco-Free Society (TFT-TFS) program in increasing tobacco use cessation. To scale this EBI, we will compare two TFT-TFS-training models for headmasters—in-person versus smartphone-based—and examine the effect of each model on TFT-TFS program implementation and effectiveness. METHODS Using a cluster-randomized design, we will randomize school headmasters in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh to receive in-person or smartphone training. Once trained, headmasters in both groups will implement TFT-TFS within their schools. Accordingly, our aims are to (1) use a participatory, qualitative approach to develop the in-person and smartphone-based training models; (2) compare program implementation fidelity, effectiveness, and cost for both training models using process evaluation and survey data; and (3) identify factors affecting program implementation using mixed methods. RESULTS This study will establish the effects of smartphone vs. in-person training on TFT-TFS implementation, effectiveness, and cost within schools in a low-resource setting. CONCLUSION Our findings will provide insight into scaling up tobacco control EBIs in schools across India and other LMICs and inform the application of smartphone-based training for other public health-related EBIs in resource-constrained areas.

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Koster, Rik, and Marieke Postma. "A no-go for no-go theorems prohibiting cosmic acceleration in extra dimensional models." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2011, no. 12 (December 19, 2011): 015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2011/12/015.

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Minakata, Katsumi, and Matthias Gondan. "Differential coactivation in a redundant signals task with weak and strong go/no-go stimuli." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 4 (May 4, 2018): 922–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818772033.

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When participants respond to stimuli of two sources, response times (RTs) are often faster when both stimuli are presented together relative to the RTs obtained when presented separately (redundant signals effect [RSE]). Race models and coactivation models can explain the RSE. In race models, separate channels process the two stimulus components, and the faster processing time determines the overall RT. In audiovisual experiments, the RSE is often higher than predicted by race models, and coactivation models have been proposed that assume integrated processing of the two stimuli. Where does coactivation occur? We implemented a go/no-go task with randomly intermixed weak and strong auditory, visual, and audiovisual stimuli. In one experimental session, participants had to respond to strong stimuli and withhold their response to weak stimuli. In the other session, these roles were reversed. Interestingly, coactivation was only observed in the experimental session in which participants had to respond to strong stimuli. If weak stimuli served as targets, results were widely consistent with the race model prediction. The pattern of results contradicts the inverse effectiveness law. We present two models that explain the result in terms of absolute and relative thresholds.

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Pujol, Oriol, Debora Gil, and Petia Radeva. "Fundamentals of Stop and Go active models." Image and Vision Computing 23, no. 8 (August 2005): 681–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2005.03.007.

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Jallow, Fatou, Maria Teresa Bourlon, Mishka Kohli Cira, Kalina Duncan, Linsey Eldridge, Erinma Elibe, Taylor Estes, et al. "The 10^th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research: New Models for Global Cancer Research, Training, and Control." JCO Global Oncology 8, Supplement_1 (May 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.22.00122.

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Bell, Bethany A., Grant B. Morgan, Jason A. Schoeneberger, Jeffrey D. Kromrey, and John M. Ferron. "How Low Can You Go?" Methodology 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000062.

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Whereas general sample size guidelines have been suggested when estimating multilevel models, they are only generalizable to a relatively limited number of data conditions and model structures, both of which are not very feasible for the applied researcher. In an effort to expand our understanding of two-level multilevel models under less than ideal conditions, Monte Carlo methods, through SAS/IML, were used to examine model convergence rates, parameter point estimates (statistical bias), parameter interval estimates (confidence interval accuracy and precision), and both Type I error control and statistical power of tests associated with the fixed effects from linear two-level models estimated with PROC MIXED. These outcomes were analyzed as a function of: (a) level-1 sample size, (b) level-2 sample size, (c) intercept variance, (d) slope variance, (e) collinearity, and (f) model complexity. Bias was minimal across nearly all conditions simulated. The 95% confidence interval coverage and Type I error rate tended to be slightly conservative. The degree of statistical power was related to sample sizes and level of fixed effects; higher power was observed with larger sample sizes and level-1 fixed effects.

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Gunduz, Murat, and Hamza M. A. Lutfi. "Go/No-Go Decision Model for Owners Using Exhaustive CHAID and QUEST Decision Tree Algorithms." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020815.

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Go/no-go execution decisions are one of the most important strategic decisions for owners during the early stages of construction projects. Restructuring the process of decision-making during these early stages may have sustainable results in the long run. The purpose of this paper is to establish proper go/no-go decision-tree models for owners. The decision-tree models were developed using Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (Exhaustive CHAID) and Quick, Unbiased, Efficient Statistical Tree (QUEST) algorithms. Twenty-three go/no-go key factors were collected through an extensive literature review. These factors were divided into four main risk categories: organizational, project/technical, legal, and financial/economic. In a questionnaire distributed among the construction professionals, the go/no-go variables were asked to be ranked according to their perceived significance. Split-sample validation was applied for testing and measuring the accuracy of the Exhaustive CHAID and QUEST models. Moreover, Spearman’s rank correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were employed to identify the statistical features of the 100 responses received. The result of this study benchmarks the current assessment models and develops a simple and user-friendly decision model for owners. The model is expected to evaluate anticipated risk factors in the project and reduce the level of uncertainty. The Exhaustive CHAID and QUEST models are validated by a case study. This paper contributes to the current body of knowledge by identifying the factors that have the biggest effect on an owner’s decision and introducing Exhaustive CHAID and QUEST decision-tree models for go/no-go decisions for the first time, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. From the “sustainability” viewpoint, this study is significant since the decisions of the owner, based on a rigorous model, will yield sustainable and efficient projects.

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Lucke, Kathleen T., Hernando Martinez, Thomas B. Mendez, and Lyda C. Arévalo-Flechas. "Resolving to Go Forward." Qualitative Health Research 23, no. 2 (December 20, 2012): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732312468062.

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Little is known about the experiences and needs of family caregivers of Latino/Hispanic individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) during the early years of recovery. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to describe the experiences and identify the informational, decisional, interpersonal, and resource support needs of family caregivers of newly injured Latino/Hispanic individuals with SCI during the first 2 years after undergoing rehabilitation. “Resolving to go forward” was the core category that emerged from two simultaneous processes of “learning to care for” and “getting through” during the initial years as the primary informal caregiver. Most caregivers felt alone and abandoned after the injured person returned home, and experienced barriers to services and resources primarily because of language issues and economic status. We recommend that researchers develop and evaluate culturally appropriate, informal caregiving models to improve outcomes for both Latino individuals with SCI and their family caregivers.

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Abrão, Fernando Conrado, Frederico Rafael Moreira, Igor Renato Louro Bruno de Abreu, Marcelo Giovanni Marciano, and Riad Naim Younes. "Real-Life Long-Term Cohort of Patients With Stage IIIA Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Overall Survival Related to Patients' Characteristics and Multiple Treatment Models." JCO Global Oncology, no. 7 (September 2021): 1572–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.21.00219.

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PURPOSE This real-life cohort of patients describes the treatment patterns and compares the overall survival (OS) and hazard risk of utilization of multiple therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic medical registries of patients with stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) regularly attended in 72 hospitals were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the primary patients' characteristics leading to better OS and cancer-specific survival. RESULTS A total of 3,363 patients with stage III NSCLC followed over 19 years were included in this study. The median age was 66.00 (58.00-72.00) years, 65% male, and 41.2% with squamous cell carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma (34.6%) and undifferentiated carcinoma (13.1%) in clinical stage T3 (50.3%), T2 (29.3%), and T4 (12.3%). The median survival (in months) was 18.4 (95% CI, 16.9 to 19.5) in patients submitted to radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, 11.2 (95% CI, 10.5 to 12.1) to chemotherapy, 31.5 (95% CI, 25.9 to 37.7) to surgery plus chemotherapy, and 33.8 (95% CI, 28.3 to 47.8) to chemotherapy plus radiotherapy plus surgery. The median cancer-specific survival (in months) was 19.3 (95% CI, 17.9 to 20.9) in patients submitted to radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, 12.1 (95% CI, 11.1 to 12.9) to chemotherapy, 36.9 (95% CI, 29.6 to 43.2) to surgery plus chemotherapy, and 41.3 (95% CI, 32.1 to 61.3) to chemotherapy plus radiotherapy plus surgery. The patients treated with multiple chemotherapy plus radiotherapy followed by surgery had significantly better OS and lower mortality rates than those treated with other treatments (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.66; P < .001). At the end of the study, 11.2% and 10.7% of the patients were living with and without cancer, respectively. CONCLUSION Our real-life 19-year cohort study has shown that only 30.3% of the total patients with stage III NSCLC have been submitted to standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment. This may show a substantial difference between the recruited clinical trials' patients and the real-life patients' characteristics in daily routine treatment.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "GO-GO Models"

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Danielsson, Christian. "Role of the hERG-channel in arrhythmia and teratogenicity studies in animal models and the human embryonic heart /." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-831-0/.

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Siami, Navid. "An investigation of no-go theorems in hidden variable models of quantum mechanics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57364.

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Realism defined in EPR paper as “In a complete theory there is an element corresponding to each element of reality.” Bell showed that there is a forbidden triangle (Realism, Quantum Statistics, and Locality), and we are only allowed to pick two out of three. In this thesis, we investigate other inequalities and no-go theorems that we face. We also discuss possible Hidden Variable Models that are tailored to be consistent with Quantum Mechanics and the specific no-go theorems. In the special case of the Leggett Inequality the proposed hidden variable is novel in the sense that the hidden variable is in the measurement device rather than the wave-function.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate

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Kamenetsky, Dmitry, and dkamen@rsise anu edu au. "Ising Graphical Model." The Australian National University. ANU College of Engineering and Computer Science, 2010. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20100727.221031.

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The Ising model is an important model in statistical physics, with over 10,000 papers published on the topic. This model assumes binary variables and only local pairwise interactions between neighbouring nodes. Inference for the general Ising model is NP-hard; this includes tasks such as calculating the partition function, finding a lowest-energy (ground) state and computing marginal probabilities. Past approaches have proceeded by working with classes of tractable Ising models, such as Ising models defined on a planar graph. For such models, the partition function and ground state can be computed exactly in polynomial time by establishing a correspondence with perfect matchings in a related graph. In this thesis we continue this line of research. In particular we simplify previous inference algorithms for the planar Ising model. The key to our construction is the complementary correspondence between graph cuts of the model graph and perfect matchings of its expanded dual. We show that our exact algorithms are effective and efficient on a number of real-world machine learning problems. We also investigate heuristic methods for approximating ground states of non-planar Ising models. We show that in this setting our approximative algorithms are superior than current state-of-the-art methods.

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Huber, Florian, Gregor Kastner, and Martin Feldkircher. "Should I stay or should I go? A latent threshold approach to large-scale mixture innovation models." Wiley, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jae.2680.

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We propose a straightforward algorithm to estimate large Bayesian time-varying parameter vector autoregressions with mixture innovation components for each coefficient in the system. The computational burden becomes manageable by approximating the mixture indicators driving the time-variation in the coefficients with a latent threshold process that depends on the absolute size of the shocks. Two applications illustrate the merits of our approach. First, we forecast the US term structure of interest rates and demonstrate forecast gains relative to benchmark models. Second, we apply our approach to US macroeconomic data and find significant evidence for time-varying effects of a monetary policy tightening.

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Parikesit, Arli Aditya. "Evolutionary Analysis of the Protein Domain Distribution in Eukaryotes." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-100869.

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Investigations into the origin and evolution of regulatory mechanisms require quantitative estimates of the abundance and co-occurrence of functional protein domains among distantly related genomes. The metabolic and regulatory capabilities of an organism are implicit in its protein content. Currently available methods suffer for strong ascertainment biases, requiring methods for unbiased approaches to protein domain contents at genome-wide scales. The discussion will be highlighted on large scale patterns of similarities and differences of domain contains between phylum-level or even higher level taxonomic groups. This provides insights into large-scale evolutionary trends. The complement of recognizable functional protein domains and their combinations convey essentially the same information and at the same time are much more readily accessible, although protein domain models trained for one phylogenetic group frequently fail on distantly related sequences. Transcription factors (TF) typically cooperate to activate or repress the expression of genes. They play a critical role in developmental processes. While Chromatin Regulation (CR) facilitates DNA organization and prevent DNA aggregation and tangling which is important for replication, segregation, and gene expression. To compare the set of TFs and CRs between species, the genome annotation of equal quality was employed. However, the existing annotation suffers from bias in model organism. The similar count of transcripts are expected to be similar in mammals, but model organism such as human has more annotated transcripts than non model such as gorilla. Moreover, closely related species (e.g, dolphin and human) show a dramatically different distribution of TFs and CRs. Within vertebrates, this is unreasonable and contradicts phylogenetic knowledge. To overcome this problem, performing gene prediction followed by the detection of functional domains via HMM-based annotation of SCOP domains were proposed. This methods was demonstrated to lead toward consistent estimates for quantitative comparison. To emphasize the applicability, the protein domain distribution of putative TFs and CRs by quantitative and boolean means were analyzed. In particular, systematic studies of protein domain occurrences and co-occurrences to study avoidance or preferential co-occurrence of certain protein domains within TFs and CRs were utilized. Pooling related domain models based on their GO-annotation in combination with de novo gene prediction methods provides estimates that seem to be less affected by phylogenetic biases. it was shown for 18 diverse representatives from all eukaryotic kingdoms that a pooled analysis of the tendencies for co-occurrence or avoidance of protein domains is indeed feasible. This type of analysis can reveal general large-scale patterns in the domain co-occurrence and helps to identify lineage-specific variations in the evolution of protein domains. Somewhat surprisingly, strong ubiquitous patterns governing the evolutionary behavior of specific functional classes were not found. Instead, there are strong variations between the major groups of Eukaryotes, pointing at systematic differences in their evolutionary constraints. Species-specific training is required, however, to account for the genomic peculiarities in many lineages. In contrast to earlier studies wide-spread statistically significant avoidance of protein domains associated with distinct functional high-level gene-ontology terms were found.

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Wagnberg, Michael, and Peter Danielsson. "Internal Dashboard." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77676.

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This project is about creating a Dashboard with suitable data models containing support ticket statistics for the company Sigma IT Consulting. The work flow used by Sigma today is to manually log in to the system to see the support ticket statistics, which can be a tedious and time consuming process. Furthermore, Sigma do not have any monitoring system for checking the health of their web application services. They have a need for an internal Dashboard containing this information with regularly updates. Our solution is to design suitable data models and implement them within a Dashboard application.

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Castro, Millades de Carvalho. "Risco na variação de preços agropecuários: um estudo para os mercados de soja, milho e boi gordo no município de Rio Verde-GO, 2004 a 2014." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6057.

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Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-08-31T18:12:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao - Millades de Carvalho Castro - 2016.pdf: 2898400 bytes, checksum: bbe10850391e6dda19a8504302660c5b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
Volatility in the prices of commodities and the financial return of agricultural activities affect the choice of what to produce. The present work investigates volatilities in prices of cattle, soybeans, and corn in Rio Verde (GO, Brazil), the choice of this region should be the importance of the city in the state and national agricultural production. For this study, we analyze weekly prices of corn, soybeans and cattle in Rio Verde spot market from 2004 to 2014, using Time Series Analysis and Value at Risk. The examination of the series pointed to the presence of a conditional variance. Therefore the ARCH / GARCH models were applied. The model selected to soybean was the IGARCH (2.1) and to corn and cattle the EGARCH (1.1). Due to disproportion between the traded prices and volumes it was not possible to perform the VAR series comparison. Therefore we used the ratio between the VAR and revenue of each product to compare between markets. Results showed a higher ratio for the cattle series indicating that volatility affects cattle producers’ income more than that of soybean or corn producers in Rio Verde (GO), which resulted in the reduction of this activity in the region.
A volatilidade nos preços das commodities e o retorno financeiro das atividades agropecuárias afetam a escolha do que produzir. O presente trabalho visa investigar as volatilidades nos preços do boi e das culturas de soja e milho para o município de Rio Verde (GO, Brasil), no período de 2004 a 2014, a escolha dessa região deve-se a importância do município na produção agropecuária estadual e nacional. Para tanto, utilizou-se de dados semanais de preços de milho, soja e boi no mercado físico de Rio Verde no período de 2004 a 2014. A metodologia usada foi a usual de análise de séries temporais e cálculo do Value at Risk (VaR). O exame das séries apontou a presença de variância condicional, sendo então aplicados os modelos ARCH/GARCH.O modelo selecionado para soja foi o IGARCH (2,1) e para milho e boi o EGARCH (1,1). Posteriormente, o cômputo do VaR para cada uma das séries não é suficiente para comparação, devido a desproporção entre os preços e os volumes negociados. Logo, para que fosse possível a comparação entre os mercados, utilizou-se da razão entre VaR e a receita de cada produto. Os resultados apontaram que em média, a razão foi maior para a série bovina. Portanto, a volatilidade compromete a receita dos produtores bovinos mais do que os agricultores de milho e soja no município de Rio Verde (GO), o que implicou na redução dessa atividade na região.

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Latvys, Andrius. "Pensijų draudimo modeliai (principai, socialinės pasekmės, ilgalaikės perspektyvos)." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120703_161004-25589.

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Dauguma išsivysčiusių pasaulio šalių susiduria su senatvės pensijų sistemos mokumo problemomis, todėl senatvės pensijų modelių analizei ir jų tobulinimui pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais skiriama vis daugiau dėmesio. Tyrimo objektu pasirinkti senatvės pensijų draudimo modeliai. Tyrimo problema yra ta, kad nėra vieno ir tobulo senatvės pensijų sistemos modelio, kurį būtų galima efektyviai pritaikyti esant konkrečioms ekonominėms, socialinėms ir demografinėms aplinkybėms. Tyrimo tikslas yra išanalizuoti įvairius senatvės pensijų draudimo modelius, identifikuoti pagrindinius jų parametrus, išskirti pagrindinius finansavimo ir išmokų mokėjimo būdus bei įvertinti priežastis, lemiančias modelių pasirinkimą bei jų tęstinumą užtikrinančius kriterijus, atlikti Lietuvos senatvės pensijų sistemos vertinimą. Darbe atlikta mokslinė užsienio ir lietuvių literatūros bei statistinių duomenų analizė, siekiant atskleisti senatvės pensijų modelius, kitimą, problemas ir svarbiausius teorinius aspektus, taip pat atliktas tyrimas siekiant įvertinti Lietuvos senatvės pensijų sistemą. Darbas susideda iš trijų skyrių. Pirmame skyriuje „Senatvės pensijų draudimo modeliai“ apibrėžiama senatvės pensinio draudimo ir tradicinių pensinių draudimo modelių samprata, susijusios sąvokos, administravimo būdai, analizuojami einamųjų mokėjimų ir kaupimo modeliai, pensijų pakopos. Pateikiami mokslininkų tyrimai ir nuomonės apie skirtingus modelius. Antrame skyriuje „Lietuvos senatvės pensijų draudimo modelis“... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Most developed countries faces a pension system solvency problems, that‘s why in recent decades old-age pension models analysis and development has received increasing attention. Object of study is chosen old-age pension models. The research problem is that there is no one perfect model, which can be effectively applied to specific economic, social or demographic circumstances. The aim of study is to analyze variety old-age pension models, identify key parameters, distinguish the main financing and payment methods and assess the reasons which influence the choice of models, evaluate Lithuania old-age pension system. Analysis of scientific foreign and Lithuania literature and statistical data are done in study, on purpose to reveal the problems, dynamics and the most important theoretical aspects, also a research is done to evaluate the Lithuanian old-age pension system. The study consists of three chapters. In the first part “The old-age pension models” are defined the concept of old age pension, related terms, traditional old-age models concepts, pension system administration methods are related, pay-as-you-go and fully funded models and pension pillars are analyzed. Scientific research and opinion are presented about different models. In the second part “Lithuania old-age pension model” Lithuania old age pension model is analyzed: current state, funding, legislative basis, performed a statistical data analysis. In the third part respondent’s systematized survey are... [to full text]

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Dixon, Diane. "Conceptual and measurement models of disability." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU206100.

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Numerous theoretical frameworks have been applied to further our understanding of the correlates, causes and consequences of disability, and each is accompanied by a particular conceptualisation of disability. In this thesis, disability was conceptualised as behaviour. The concept of disability as behaviour is accompanied by psychological theories of behaviour and behaviour change within which behaviour is viewed as a product of motivational factors. A repertory grid study indicated that people with mobility disability use motivational concepts to distinguish between physical activities typically used to index their disability. These data lent support to the suitability of the disability as behaviour concept in this population. Consequently, psychological theory, in the form of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and social cognitive theory (SCT), was used to account for walking disability in an orthopaedic sample. The empirical application of psychological theories requires the operationalisation of the constructs within those theories. An investigation of the content validity of existing measures of the perceived control constructs from the TPB and SCT indicated current measurement items do not show discriminant content validity. These data were used to select perceived control items into the study of disability in an orthopaedic sample. The content validity of the perceived control items was investigated using confirmatory factor analyses applied to the responses of the orthopaedic sample. Structural equation modelling indicated that both the TPB and SCT could account for walking disability in the orthopaedic sample. Finally, the ability of the TPB and SCT to mediate between the central constructs of the main medical model of disability, namely the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF), was assessed using structural modelling. This integrated model accounted for a greater proportion of the variance in walking disability than did the ICF alone, suggesting psychological theory can be used to improve the ICF model.

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Sims, Michelle. "Applications of mixed models in ecology." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU206519.

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Statistics is a science that deals with variability in data. The presence of variation in natural processes means that statistics has a central role within a discipline such as ecology. Thus, any technique that determines the sources of variability will play a prominent part in the statistical modelling of ecological data. My thesis addresses one popular approach, a mixed model analysis. The practical use of mixed models in ecological research had at one time been limited to occasions in which experiments involved balanced data. Given the infrequent occurrence of such events, there were few practical applications of mixed models in the ecological literature. The development of methods for fitting mixed models to unbalanced data and the wider availability of the software to fit them were the seeds for the now growing trend in mixed model analysis among ecologists. During my PhD I focused on the development and novel application of mixed models in ecology. The work presented in this thesis was motivated by four examples, each involving unbalanced data with complex correlation structures. The intention of each example, motivated by specific questions of interest, was to explore the extent to which mixed model methodology could be practically applied in ecology. Features of a mixed model analysis were manipulated in each example to address a number of general issues in ecological statistics: how to develop efficient sampling designs; the effect of using estimated variances in power calculations; ways to handle correlated explanatory variables in a regression analysis and how to correctly model reproductive success. An additional issue concerned the estimation of a change point location in a simple change point model.

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Books on the topic "GO-GO Models"

1

Berlekamp, Elwyn R. Mathematical go: Chilling gets the last point. Wellesley, Mass: A.K. Peters, 1994.

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Berlekamp, Elwyn R. Mathematical go: Chilling gets the last point. Wellesley, Mass: A.K. Peters, 1994.

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Make it go! funstation. Los Angeles: Price Stern Sloan, 1995.

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Lantz, Francess Lin. Hawaii five-go! New York: HarperEntertainment, 2003.

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Berlekamp, Elwyn R. Mathematical go endgames: Nightmares for the professional go player. San Jose, CA: Ishi Press International, 1994.

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Bowlby, William. Predicting stop-and-go traffic noise levels. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1989.

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McGowan, Christopher. T. rex to go: Build your own from chicken bones. New York: HarperPerennial, 1999.

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Go faster: The graphic design of racing cars. Berlin: Gestalten, 2009.

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Pagano, Marco. Why do companies go public?: An empirical analysis. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1996.

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Pagano, Marco. Why do companies go public?: An empirical analysis. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "GO-GO Models"

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Gallegati, Mauro. "Where Do We Go, to Go Where We Have to Go?" In Complex Agent-Based Models, 61–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93858-5_4.

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Schumann, Andrew, and Krzysztof Pancerz. "Physarum Go Games and Rough Sets of Payoffs." In High-Level Models of Unconventional Computations, 153–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91773-3_11.

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Zhang, Xu, Ming Yang, and Jie Liu. "A Method of Generating GO-Flow Models from MFM Models." In Zero-Carbon Energy Kyoto 2009, 248–53. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99779-5_39.

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Solli, Rolf, Barbara Czarniawska, Peter Demediuk, and Dennis Anderson. "The Welfare State: Will It Stay or Will It Go?" In Searching for New Welfare Models, 69–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58228-9_5.

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Pujol, Oriol, and Petia Radeva. "Alternate Spaces For Model Deformation: Application Of Stop And Go Active Models To Medical Images." In Deformable Models, 289–324. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68343-0_9.

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Solli, Rolf, Barbara Czarniawska, Peter Demediuk, and Dennis Anderson. "Correction to: The Welfare State: Will It Stay or Will It Go?" In Searching for New Welfare Models, C1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58228-9_6.

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Mandali, Alekhya, S. Akila Parvathy Dharshini, and V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy. "Go-Explore-NoGo (GEN) Paradigm in Decision Making—A Multimodel Approach." In Computational Neuroscience Models of the Basal Ganglia, 153–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8494-2_9.

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Balzotti, Caterina, and Elisa Iacomini. "Stop-and-Go Waves: A Microscopic and a Macroscopic Description." In Mathematical Descriptions of Traffic Flow: Micro, Macro and Kinetic Models, 63–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66560-9_4.

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Jin, Xin, Tianyu He, Xu Shen, Songhua Wu, Tongliang Liu, Jingwen Ye, Xinchao Wang, Jianqiang Huang, Zhibo Chen, and Xian-Sheng Hua. "Unleashing the Potential of Adaptation Models via Go-getting Domain Labels." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 308–25. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25085-9_18.

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Bialek, William, Robert F. Goldstein, and Steven Kivelson. "Simple Models for the Dynamics of Biomolecules: How Far Can We Go?" In Structure, Dynamics and Function of Biomolecules, 65–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71705-5_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "GO-GO Models"

1

Janssens, Sabine, and Vadim Zaytsev. "Go with the flow." In MODELS '22: ACM/IEEE 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3550356.3559101.

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"WHEN BUSINESS MODELS GO BAD: THE MUSIC INDUSTRY'S FUTURE." In 1st International Conference on E-business and Telecommunication Networks. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001397800480054.

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Wang, Yong, Bharat Rawal, Qiang Duan, and Ping Zhang. "Usability and Security Go Together: A Case Study on Database." In 2017 Second International Conference on Recent Trends and Challenges in Computational Models (ICRTCCM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrtccm.2017.86.

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Ouared, Abdelkader, Moussa Amrani, and Pierre-Yves Schobbens. "Go Meta of Learned Cost Models: On the Power of Abstraction." In 11th International Conference on Model-Based Software and Systems Engineering. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011665800003402.

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Xinyu, Dai, Yang Ming, Zou Bowen, and Lu Hongxing. "Hierarchical Modeling of GO-FLOW Models for Online Risk Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plants." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67543.

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As a clean and safe energy, nuclear power plays an important role in solving the increasingly prominent environmental problems in the world. Researches on the reliability analysis and risk assessment for the safety operation of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) have been paid much more attention due to several accidents in the past decades. GO-FLOW is a methodology for analyzing the reliability of dynamic systems with common cause failures (CCFs), man-machine failures, and time-dependent mission issues. The traditional GO-FLOW methodology presents a set of operators each of which stands for a relatively basic reliability logic. Complex behavior of a physical component may be simply described by one operator or a combination of operators. Therefore the GO-FLOW chart of a system is much more similar to its physical structure diagram than other reliability models such as Fault Tree. In a previous study by authors, a Living PSA technology based on GO-FLOW was proposed which utilizes a group of interrelated GO-FLOW operators to describe the potential change of states of a physical component between operation, standby, failure, preventive and corrective maintenance. The proposed Living PSA technology is intended to provide a convenient way for the safety engineers to update the PSA models for risk assessment. However, it will make the PSA models complex, quite different from their physical structure diagram and therefore difficult to check. This paper presents a hierarchical modeling method of GO-FLOW. The GO-FLOW model of a system will be organized at different layers, including system layer, structure layer and component layer. The proposed Living PSA technology is only applied at component layer and different level of layers are interrelated by introduction of new GO-FLOW operators and equivalent relations. Thus, the GO-FLOW models at the higher layers are more similar to their physical structures of system for understanding and checking. A bottom-up calculation algorithm for the reliability analysis is also presented. An Auxiliary Feedwater System (AFWS) of PWR plant is taken as a study case to show to modeling and analyzing a system for reliability and risk assessment based on this new technology.

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Chang, Ting-Yun, Yang Liu, Karthik Gopalakrishnan, Behnam Hedayatnia, Pei Zhou, and Dilek Hakkani-Tur. "Go Beyond Plain Fine-Tuning: Improving Pretrained Models for Social Commonsense." In 2021 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/slt48900.2021.9383453.

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Hongxing, Lu, Yang Ming, Dai Xinyu, Li Wei, and Yoshikawa Hidekazu. "Modeling DCS of Nuclear Power Plant With Extended GO-FLOW Methodology." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67540.

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GO-FLOW model is a success-oriented system modeling method which describes how the system configures its resources to achieve required functions by using basic functional units in terms of substances and demand flows in the system. The GO-FLOW models, which are directly built according to system structure drawings, can be used to analyze the reliability of a system with time and phased mission problems. With the development of Digital Control System (DCS), the reliability analysis of whole DCS has become an important task. However, there are some shortcomings using the traditional GO-FLOW methodology to model DCS: 1. There are not abundant operators in the GO-FLOW model to describe the control logic in DCS; 2. It is hard to model the relationship between the control actions and hardware devices using traditional GO-FLOW methodology; This paper presents an extended GO-FLOW modeling method. In this study, the GO-FLOW model is supplemented and improved, which can accurately describe the relationship and control logic between the hardware and control action (or human control action) in the running process of the DCS. In this paper, taking the Chemical and Volume Control System (CVCS) as an example, using the extended GO-FLOW modeling method established the model of CVCS, and the model of DCS control logic. This improved modeling method can be applied to the reliability modeling and evaluation of DCS.

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Moon, Sung Bo, Seong Dae Park, Hyung Wook Park, and In Cheol Bang. "CHF Enhancement of Pool Boiling in Graphene Oxide Nanofluid With Chemical Reduction." In ASME 2013 4th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2013-22051.

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Graphene oxide (GO) can be deposited on a heater surface to produce nanoscale structures that enhance the thermal limit of the heater. GO has shown a very unique feature showing CHF enhancement without wettability improvement in terms of apparent advancing contact angle unlike any other typical nanoparticles. Many studies have analyzed the reason for the enhanced critical heat flux (CHF) of the heater. Three major models have been used for studying the enhanced CHF of the heater in many heat transfer studies: wettability of surface (contact angle), Rayleigh–Taylor instability wavelength, and thermal activity. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and the contact angle were taken to explain the enhanced wettability of a heater surface in a GO nanofluid. GO is composed of carbon and oxygen. This material has good affinity with water because of its polarity. In an electric field, GO reduces into reduced graphene oxide (RGO). This chemical reduction on the surface may be one factor that enhances the CHF. To examine how a GO nanofluid can enhance CHF to more than twice its original magnitude, a wettability model was applied that uses the contact angle of the nichrome wire heater surface after the CHF experiment. The reason why the wettability model could not completely account for the CHF enhancement in a GO nanofluid was also determined. The reduction of GO was considered to explain CHF enhancement.

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Misra, Kanishka, and Julia Taylor Rayz. "LMs go Phishing: Adapting Pre-trained Language Models to Detect Phishing Emails." In 2022 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat55865.2022.00028.

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Cetin, Mecit, and Khairul A. Anuar. "Using probe vehicle trajectories in stop-and-go waves for inferring unobserved vehicles." In 2017 5th IEEE International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mtits.2017.8005690.

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Reports on the topic "GO-GO Models"

1

Bano, Masooda. Narratives of Success against the Odds: Why Some Children in State Schools Go Far in Life—Evidence from Pakistan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/104.

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What makes some children succeed despite studying in failing education systems? Are these children exceptionally gifted, or do other psychological or sociological factors and family circumstances contribute to success? To address the learning crisis in state schools in developing countries, development agencies have primarily focused on identifying inputs that can improve state education provision. Yet, even from low-performing state schools, some children do manage to successfully complete primary and secondary education cycles, pursue higher education, and record upward social mobility, but we know very little about the factors that facilitate this success. This paper addresses this gap in the literature. Tracing life histories of successful alumni of state schools supported by CARE, an education foundation in Pakistan, this paper identifies children’s motivation to succeed as having a major impact on educational performance. However, for most this motivation is not a product of an innate desire to excel, it is a product of contextual factors: parental encouragement; an acute desire to make parents happy and to alleviate their sufferings; the company of friends, cousins, and peers who are keen on education and thus help to create an aspiring, competitive spirit; encouragement given by good teachers; and exposure to new possibilities and role models that raise aspirations by showing that what might appear to the child unachievable is in fact attainable. High motivation in turn builds commitment to work hard. Equally important, however, is the provision of financial support at critical points, especially when transitioning from secondary school to college and university. Without financial support, which could be in the form of scholarships, loans, or income from part-time work, at critical junctures, even highly motivated children in state schools cannot succeed. The paper thus argues that rather than being focused solely on education inputs, development agencies should also seek to explore and understand the factors that can motivate children in state schools to aim high and work hard to succeed.

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Bano, Masooda. Narratives of Success against the Odds: Why Some Children in State Schools Go Far in Life—Evidence from Pakistan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/104.

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What makes some children succeed despite studying in failing education systems? Are these children exceptionally gifted, or do other psychological or sociological factors and family circumstances contribute to success? To address the learning crisis in state schools in developing countries, development agencies have primarily focused on identifying inputs that can improve state education provision. Yet, even from low-performing state schools, some children do manage to successfully complete primary and secondary education cycles, pursue higher education, and record upward social mobility, but we know very little about the factors that facilitate this success. This paper addresses this gap in the literature. Tracing life histories of successful alumni of state schools supported by CARE, an education foundation in Pakistan, this paper identifies children’s motivation to succeed as having a major impact on educational performance. However, for most this motivation is not a product of an innate desire to excel, it is a product of contextual factors: parental encouragement; an acute desire to make parents happy and to alleviate their sufferings; the company of friends, cousins, and peers who are keen on education and thus help to create an aspiring, competitive spirit; encouragement given by good teachers; and exposure to new possibilities and role models that raise aspirations by showing that what might appear to the child unachievable is in fact attainable. High motivation in turn builds commitment to work hard. Equally important, however, is the provision of financial support at critical points, especially when transitioning from secondary school to college and university. Without financial support, which could be in the form of scholarships, loans, or income from part-time work, at critical junctures, even highly motivated children in state schools cannot succeed. The paper thus argues that rather than being focused solely on education inputs, development agencies should also seek to explore and understand the factors that can motivate children in state schools to aim high and work hard to succeed.

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Teo, Ian, Pru Mitchell, Fabienne van der Kleij, and Anna Dabrowski. Schools as Community Hubs. Literature Review. Australian Council for Educational Research, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-684-0.

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This literature review focuses on community hub models that include an education setting. The goals of these hubs go beyond improving academic outcomes, and look also to the health and wellbeing of their community. This review explores the ways in which education communities operate as welcoming and enriching places that connect, share, and learn with, not only students, families, and educators, but also their wider community. It focuses on a specific model of school-community partnership, typically known as a school community hub. Core features of community hubs are presented as people, partnerships, place and programs. Benefits and challenges of community hubs are discussed.

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Pelizan, Leticia, Ahmad Rahnema, and Lena Lickteig. Solar Home Solutions Using a Pay-As-You-Go Model in Ghana: Exploring the Opportunity. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/018.st-319.

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Sharp, Jeremy A., Duncan B. Bryant, and Gaurav Savant. Low-Sill Control Structure Gate Load Study. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44340.

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The effort performed here describes the process to determine the gate lifting loads at the Low-Sill Control Structure. To measure the gate loads, a 1:55 Froude-scaled model of the Low-Sill Control Structure was tested. Load cells were placed on 3 of the 11 gates. Tests evaluated the gate loads for various hydraulic heads across the structure. A total of 109 tests were conducted for 14 flows with each flow having two gate settings provided by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District. The load data illustrated the potential for higher gate lifting loads (GLL) to occur at the mid-range gate opening (Go) for Gates 3 and 6. While for Gate 10, the highest GLL (452 kips, maximum load in testing) was at a Go = 4.2 ft. Conversely, for the low-flow bays, the highest load occurred at Go = 24.86 ft.

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Ayres, João, Constantino Hevia, and Juan Pablo Nicolini. Real Exchange Rates and Primary Commodity Prices: Mussa Meets Backus-Smith. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003838.

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We show that explicitly modeling primary commodities in an otherwise totally standard incomplete markets open economy model can go a long way in explaining the Mussa puzzle and the Backus-Smith puzzle, two of the main puzzles in the international economics literature.

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Goreczky, Péter, and Tibor Mezei. Go South: Opportunities for South Korea to Increase its Economic and Political Weight in the ASEAN Region. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2022.01.

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The New Southern Policy (NSP) initiated by President Moon Jae-in in 2017 has given significant impetus to the development of political, economic, and cultural relations between the Republic of Korea and the ASEAN countries. The objective of South Korea is to enhance its middle power status and bolster its image as an important regional player. While the results of political and security cooperation have been modest so far, advancing economic and trade cooperation with the ASEAN region offers important opportunities for South Korea to expand and diversify its economic relationships. The growing consumer market of ASEAN and free trade agreements could primarily boost trade flows, while direct investments of South Korean companies could be catalysed by relocation strategies, supply chain transformation, and new, emerging industries and technologies. Official development aid is also expected to play an increasingly important role in the economic relations between South Korea and the ASEAN region. The main challenges include building relations with the less developed and stable economies of the region and the low visibility of the NSP at the level of regional narratives.

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Pelizan, Leticia, Lena Lickteig, Gina Martí, and Ahmad Rahnema. Pay-As-You-Go for LPG Supply - Exploring a New Business Model to Enhance Access to Clean Cooking Solutions in Urban Areas in Ghana. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/018.st-318.

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Hummels, David. Toward a Geography of Trade Costs. GTAP Working Paper, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp17.

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What are the barriers that separate nations? While recent work provides intriguing clues, we have remarkably little concrete evidence as to the nature, size, and shape of barriers. This paper offers direct and indirect evidence on trade barriers, moving us toward a comprehensive geography of trade costs. There are three main contributions. One, we provide detailed data on freight rates for a number of importers. Rates vary substantially over exporters, and aggregate expenditures on freight are at the low end of the observed range. This suggests import choices are made so as to minimize transportation costs. Two, we estimate the technological relationship between freight rates and distance and use this to interpret the trade barriers equivalents of common trade barrier proxies taken from the literature. The calculation reveals implausibly large barriers. Three, we use a multi-sector model of trade to isolate channels through which trade barriers affect trade volumes. The model motivates an estimation technique that delivers direct estimates of substitution elasticities. This allows a complete characterization of the trade costs implied by trade flows and a partition of those costs into three components: explicitly measured costs (tariffs and freight), costs associated with common proxy variables, and costs that are implied but unmeasured. Acknowledgments: Thanks for the gracious provision of data go to Jon Haveman, Rob Feenstra, Azita Amjadi and the ALADI secretariat. Thanks for helpful suggestions on previous drafts go to seminar participants at the Universities of Chicago, Michigan, and Texas, Boston University, NBER and the 4th Annual EIIT Conference at Purdue University. Finally, Julia Grebelsky and Dawn Conner provided outstanding research assistance. This research was funded by a grant from the University of Chicago’s Graduate School of Business.

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Mariani, Lucas A., José Renato Haas Ornelas, and Bernardo Ricca. Banks’ Physical Footprint and Financial Technology Adoption. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004842.

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We investigate how the presence of physical bank branches moderates financial technology diffusion. Our identification strategy uses services suspensions caused by criminal groups that perform hit-and-run raids exploding branch facilities and rendering them inoperable for months. We show that the shock depletes the cash inventory of branches, but the stock of credit and deposits remain unaffected. We then document that customers increase their usage of noncash payments after the events. We investigate a new instant payment technology called Pix that was a remarkable success in terms of adoption. After robbery events, the number and value of Pix intra-municipality transactions increase, as well as the number of users. We also find Pix usage spillover effects that go beyond cash substitution. First, the number of Pix transactions and users also increases when either the payer or the payee is in an unaffected municipality. Second, we show that there are local spillovers to digital institutions, indicating that cash dependence can be an impediment to their expansion. Our results shed light on the determinants of technology adoption and the consequences of the recent transition in the banking industry from a physical branch-based model to an increasing reliance on digital services.

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