Journal articles: 'GNSS Interference'

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VASILE, DOBREF. "An energy approach of signal interference in marine Environment." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XXIV, no. 1 (July 15, 2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-21-i1-008.

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This study presents general theoretical aspects regarding electromagnetic field interferences. The main sources and their influence on GNSS systems of electromagnetic interference involved in the naval environment are exposed according to Septentrio GNSS Technology. Referring to new approaches of power supply in the marine industry, are highlighted studies that may attest the influence of wireless energy sources utilized in changing naval drones can influence GNSS systems.

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Han, Ooi Wei, Shahrizal Ide Moslin, and Wan Aminullah. "GNSS Interference Environment in Malaysia: A Case Study." Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Physics 3, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33093/jetap.2021.3.1.3.

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Global Navigation Satellite Systems or GNSS is a space technology that has become an essential element nowadays for positioning, navigation & timing (PNT) with wide range of applications in many civilian sectors as well as across military. The reliability, accuracy and availability of GNSS are highly important especially for critical and precise positioning applications. However, the signals from space are weak and it can be easily blocked, disrupted or compromised by several other threats including intentional and unintentional interferences or jamming. GPS jammer is widely available off the shelf with an affordable price and capable of interfering the GPS signal, and many authorities worldwide have raised concerns and a lot of efforts and research have been put in place to reduce and mitigate the threats. In Malaysia, understanding and countering threats to GNSS/GPS based applications will be a new and unfamiliar discipline for public and organizations. This study intended to provide an overview of the GNSS interferences environment in a local study area, in terms of interference type and the number of activity pattern that were detected. A system called Detector V1 has been used in this study. The result showed that significant interference cases happened in the study area and some of the high power interferences may impact GNSS tracking and precision of the positioning output. The role objective of having this done is to create a public awareness regarding the threat of GNSS interferences to the local users. The content also includes the proposed initiative to overcome the issue.

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Eshagh, Mehdi. "An optimal design of GNSS interference localisation wireless security network based on time-difference of arrivals for the Arlanda international airport." Journal of Geodetic Science 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2022-0142.

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Abstract Today, most of the aircrafts are navigated by global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). Landing is a dangerous phase of a flight especially when an airport runway is not clearly seen from the aircrafts. In such cases, GNSSs are useful for a safe landing under the circumstances that healthy signals, free of any interference, reach to GNSSs receiver antennas mounted on the aircrafts. This shows the importance of establishing GNSS interference localisation security networks around airports. Designing a good configuration for the points with GNSS antennas at for receiving interference signals is important for a successful localisation of the interference device. Here, the time-difference of the arrivals of an interference signal to such points or anchor nodes (ANs), are used as observables, and a security network with four ANs is optimally designed along the runways of the Arlanda airport to reduce the dilution of precision (DOP) of the network. Our study showed that by such an optimisation, the maximum DOP value can reduce by 50% meaning a significant increase in the probability of a successful interference device localisation.

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Nicola, Mario, Gianluca Falco, Ruben Morales Ferre, Elena-Simona Lohan, Alberto de la Fuente, and Emanuela Falletti. "Collaborative Solutions for Interference Management in GNSS-Based Aircraft Navigation." Sensors 20, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 4085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154085.

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Nowadays, the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology is not the primary means of navigation for civil aviation and Air Traffic Control, but its role is increasing. Consequently, the vulnerabilities of GNSSs to Radio Frequency Interference, including the dangerous intentional sources of interference (i.e., jamming and spoofing), raise concerns and special attention also in the aviation field. This panorama urges for figuring out effective solutions able to cope with GNSS interference and preserve safety of operations. In the frame of a Single European Sky Air traffic management Research (SESAR) Exploratory Research initiative, a novel, effective, and affordable concept of GNSS interference management for civil aviation has been developed. This new interference management concept is able to raise early warnings to the on-board navigation system about the detection of interfering signals and their classification, and then to estimate the Direction of Arrival (DoA) of the source of interference allowing the adoption of appropriate countermeasures against the individuated source. This paper describes the interference management concept and presents the on-field tests which allowed for assessing the reached level of performance and confirmed the applicability of this approach to the aviation applications.

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Bhuiyan, Mohammad, Nunzia Ferrara, Amin Hashemi, Sarang Thombre, Michael Pattinson, and Mark Dumville. "Impact Analysis of Standardized GNSS Receiver Testing against Real-World Interferences Detected at Live Monitoring Sites." Sensors 19, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061276.

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GNSS-based applications are susceptible to different threats, including radio frequency interference. Ensuring that the new applications can be validated against the latest threats supports the wider adoption and success of GNSS in higher value markets. Therefore, the availability of standardized GNSS receiver testing procedures is central to developing the next generation of receiver technologies. The EU Horizon2020 research project STRIKE3 (Standardization of GNSS Threat reporting and Receiver testing through International Knowledge Exchange, Experimentation and Exploitation) proposed standardized test procedures to validate different categories of receivers against real-world interferences, detected at different monitoring sites. This paper describes the recorded interference signatures, their use in standardized test procedures, and analyzes the result for two categories of receivers, namely mass-market and professional grade. The result analysis in terms of well-defined receiver key performance indicators showed that performance of both receiver categories was degraded by the selected interference threats, although there was considerable difference in degree and nature of their impact.

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Sun, Kewen, and Tengteng Zhang. "A New GNSS Interference Detection Method Based on Rearranged Wavelet–Hough Transform." Sensors 21, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051714.

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Since radio frequency interference (RFI) seriously degrades the performance of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver, interference detection becomes very important for GNSS receivers. In this paper, a novel rearranged wavelet–Hough transform (RWHT) method is proposed in GNSS interference detection, which is obtained by the combination of rearranged wavelet transform and Hough transform (HT). The proposed RWHT method is tested for detecting sweep interference and continuous wave (CW) interference, the major types of GNSS interfering signals generated by a GNSS jammer in a controlled test bench experiment. The performance of the proposed RWHT method is compared with the conventional techniques such as Wigner–Ville distribution (WVD) and Wigner–Hough transform (WHT). The analysis results show that the proposed RWHT method reduces the influence of cross-item problem and improves the energy aggregation property in GNSS interference detection. When compared with the WHT approach, this proposed RWHT method presents about 90.3% and 30.8% performance improvement in the initial frequency and chirp rate estimation of the GNSS sweep interfering signal, respectively. These results can be further considered to be the proof of the validity and effectiveness of the developed GNSS interference detection method using RWHT.

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Andrej Novak, Alena Novak Sedlackova, Anna Stelmach, and Doris Novak. "Safety Implications of GNSS Signal Interference at Zilina Airport." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 22, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2020.3.40-48.

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The paper deals with the issue of GNSS interference and its subsequent impact on airport approach procedures. It discusses the problem of GNSS signal interference and interference identification on a practical example of a small regional airport in Zilina, located close to the highway, through research aimed at its identification, a proposal for the location of a monitoring station and subsequent practical verification. The paper seeks to analyse and provide recommendations for enhancing safety and reliability in GNSS approaches. Given the need to develop the air transport, it is important to ensure the safety and continuity of service provision at small regional airports. The GNSS approach at airports with insufficiently equipped navigation infrastructure seems to be one of the most suitable. Introduction of the GNSS interference monitoring in the final instrument approach phase would increase the safety and reliability of the flight.

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Andrej Novak, Alena Novak Sedlackova, Anna Stelmach, and Doris Novak. "Safety Implications of GNSS Signal Interference at Zilina Airport." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 22, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2020.2.40-48.

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The paper deals with the issue of GNSS interference and its subsequent impact on airport approach procedures. It discusses the problem of GNSS signal interference and interference identification on a practical example of a small regional airport in Zilina, located close to the highway, through research aimed at its identification, a proposal for the location of a monitoring station and subsequent practical verification. The paper seeks to analyse and provide recommendations for enhancing safety and reliability in GNSS approaches. Given the need to develop the air transport, it is important to ensure the safety and continuity of service provision at small regional airports. The GNSS approach at airports with insufficiently equipped navigation infrastructure seems to be one of the most suitable. Introduction of the GNSS interference monitoring in the final instrument approach phase would increase the safety and reliability of the flight.

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Yousif, Tasneem, and Paul Blunt. "Interference Mitigation for GNSS Receivers Using FFT Excision Filtering Implemented on an FPGA." Eng 3, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 439–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng3040032.

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GNSS receivers process signals with very low received power levels (<−160 dBW) and, therefore GNSS signals are susceptible to interference. Interference mitigation algorithms have become common in GNSS receiver designs in both professional and mass-market applications to combat both unintentional and intentional (jamming) interference. Interference excision filters using fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) have been proposed in the past as a powerful method of interference mitigation. However, the hardware implementations of this algorithm mostly limited their use to military GNSS receivers where greater power and resources were available. Novel implementation of existing FPGA technology should make interference mitigation feasible with limited hardware resources. This paper details the practicalities of implementing excision filters on currently available FPGAs trading off the achievable performance against the required hardware resources. The hardware implementation of the FFT excision mitigation algorithm is validated with the GNSS software receiver. The results indicate that the desired performance of the developed algorithm has achieved the expectations and can provide significant improvement on mitigation techniques in current GNSS receiver hardware. Two hardware implementation designs (fixed-point and float-point data type format) are developed and compared to achieve the optimal design that can provide the best performance with the possible minimum hardware resources.

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Sun, Kewen, Baoguo Yu, Mireille Elhajj, Washington Yotto Ochieng, Tengteng Zhang, and Jianlei Yang. "A Novel GNSS Interference Detection Method Based on Smoothed Pseudo-Wigner–Hough Transform." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 4306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134306.

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This paper develops novel Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) interference detection methods based on the Hough transform. These methods are realized by incorporating the Hough transform into three Time-Frequency distributions: Wigner–Ville distribution, pseudo -Wigner–Ville distribution and smoothed pseudo-Wigner–Ville distribution. This process results in the corresponding Wigner–Hough transform, pseudo-Wigner–Hough transform and smoothed pseudo-Wigner–Hough transform, which are used in GNSS interference detection to search for local Hough-transformed energy peak in a small limited area within the parameter space. The developed GNSS interference detection methods incorporate a novel concept of zero Hough-transformed energy distribution percentage to analyze the properties of energy concentration and cross-term suppression. The methods are tested with real GPS L1-C/A data collected in the presence of sweep interference. The test results show that the developed methods can deal with the cross-term problem with improved interference detection performance. In particular, the GNSS interference detection performance obtained with the smoothed pseudo-Wigner–Hough transform method is at least double that of the Wigner–Hough transform-based approach; the smoothed pseudo-Wigner–Hough transform-based GNSS interference detection method is improved at least 20% over the pseudo-Wigner–Hough transform-based technique in terms of the zero Hough-transformed energy percentage criteria. Therefore, the proposed smoothed pseudo-Wigner–Hough transform-based method is recommended in the interference detection for GNSS receivers, particularly in challenging electromagnetic environments.

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Guo, Qiang, and Liangang Qi. "Cascaded Multitype Interferences Suppression Method Using Sparse Representation and Array Processing for GNSS Receiver." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9832197.

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Interference suppression techniques have been intensively studied in nearly two decades due to their importance for maintaining the integrity and functionality of global navigation satellite system (GNSS). However, the interference suppression method applicable for the complex receiving environment in which there are multitype interfering signals has not been considered in most of the researches. To deal with this problem better, a cascaded multitype interferences suppression method using sparse representation and array processing is proposed. In the first stage, according to the sparsity of the narrowband and modulated wideband interference signals, a novel parallel multichannel signal interference suppression method based on matching pursuit (MP) algorithm and a design strategy for the overcomplete dictionary are proposed to mitigate the interferences with sparse features. Then, the minimum power distortionless response (MPDR) beamformer is employed in the second stage to suppress the residuary interferences (such as Gaussian noise interferences). Compared with existing algorithms, the proposed method can not only effectively suppress the interference arriving from the same direction with the desired signal and increase the Degree of Freedom (DoF) of the array antenna, but also introduce no distortion into the navigation signal. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by theoretical analysis and several simulation results.

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Abd el rahman, Mustafa, Mohamed elharmel, Roshdy Abdelrasol, Mohamed Zagloul, and Mohamed elghamry. "GNSS Interference Suppression Techniques: A Survey." International Journal of Telecommunications 01, no. 01 (December 18, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ijt.2021.266285.

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Zhang, Ping, Qiang Wu, and Binbin Jing. "Interference Mitigation Based on Low Complexity Subspace Tracking Method for Vehicle Positioning." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (May 20, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7502191.

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Advanced driver assistance systems and automatic driving have drawn lots of attentions due to user’s multiapplication needs. Among different technologies, the integration of Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a key technique with the decreasing costs of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and the increasing deployment of GNSS for navigation applications. Although the integration may have immune ability to interference in a certain extent, interference suppression strategy applied on the integration system can greatly improve the performance. A complete framework including interference monitor, detection, and mitigation is provided jointly using subspace tracking method and Kalman filter measurements innovation of INS and GNSS. The proposed monitor is simple, efficient, and can decide when to start the interference mitigation procedure, which can reduce the computation complexity significantly; Subspace-based method is introduced to track the interference basis matrix that can be feed to RootMUSIC to detect the frequency of interference, followed by the interference mitigation with a notch filter. The proposed framework has superior performance than the well-known time-frequency algorithm, such as short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD), and can improve the performance of INS/GNSS system in the presence of interference with simulation verification.

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Nguyen, Hong, Micaela Troglia Gamba, Emanuela Falletti, and Tung Ta. "Situational Awareness: Mapping Interference Sources in Real-Time Using a Smartphone App." Sensors 18, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 4130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124130.

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In the past years, many techniques have been researched and developed to detect and identify the interference sources of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals. In this paper, we utilize a simple and portable application to map interference sources in real-time. The results are promising and show the potential of the crowdsourcing for monitoring and mapping GNSS interference distribution.

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Liu, Zixi, Sherman Lo, and Todd Walter. "GNSS Interference Characterization and Localization Using OpenSky ADS-B Data." Proceedings 59, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020059010.

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There is a growing dependence of critical and safety-of-life systems on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). GNSS interference events can cause severe impacts on aircraft safety, including unavailability of GNSS-based landing services. Therefore, it is important to be able to identify, localize, and remove interference sources that may cause these impacts. This project concentrates on events that affect the the airport environment and aims to provide improved situational awareness and safety for local airspace users. This paper contains three main sections: OpenSky ADS-B data processing, interference event characterization, and interference source localization. Specifically, we identified and removed incorrect timestamps from ADS-B ground receivers. We characterized the impact of interference events based on reported interference events that occurred at a San Francisco bay area airport. In addition, we designed a convex optimization model for localizing the interference sources given the ADS-B measurement. This article looks at common characteristics caused by the impact of interference events and shows a possible way to localize interference sources using ADS-B data.

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Zhou, Wei, Fei Xie, Yi Fan Zhu, Qun Li, and Wang Xun Zhang. "A Method of Experimental Design for GNSS-Dot Net under Jamming Attack." Advanced Materials Research 1083 (January 2015): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1083.148.

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The feature of deception jamming for GNSS-dot networks is researched and analyzed, and it is difficult to accurately locate and correct the interference position by using the interference detection methods of the traditional WSN, a new attack detection algorithm that based on an improved angle of arrival (AOA) positioning mechanism to determine the point of disruption and interference correction is proposed. Nextly the algorithm of a single interference source localization based on the hyperbolic method by using anti-jamming principle of the GNSS is researched and given, and can locate both single and multiple interference sources. Then the indicators and methods of performance evaluation for the GNSS-dot networks are proposed. Finally, Experiment based on the algorithm is realized, and the attack detection and correction is very efficient, and interference location under ideal conditions is higher efficiency, and the strategies of anti deception jamming are also identified.

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Magiera, Jaroslaw. "A Multi-Antenna Scheme for Early Detection and Mitigation of Intermediate GNSS Spoofing." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 2411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102411.

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This article presents a method for detecting and mitigating intermediate GNSS spoofing. In this type of attack, at its early stage, a spoofer transmits counterfeit signals which have slight time offsets compared to true signals arriving from satellites. The anti-spoofing method proposed in this article fuses antenna array processing techniques with a multipath detection algorithm. The latter is necessary to separate highly correlated true and counterfeit GNSS signals. Spoofing detection is based on comparison of steering vectors related to received spatial components. Whereas mitigation is achieved by means of adaptive beamforming which excises interferences arriving from common direction and preserves undistorted signals from GNSS satellites. Performance of proposed method is evaluated through simulations, results of which prove the usefulness of this method for protecting GNSS receivers from intermediate spoofing interference.

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Setlak, Lucjan, and Rafał Kowalik. "Study and Analysis of Interference Signals of the LTE System of the GNSS Receiver." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 4901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144901.

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Sometimes, it is impossible to conduct tests with the use of the GNSS system, or the obtained results of the measurements made differ significantly from the predicted accuracy. The most common cause of the problems (external factors, faulty results) are interference disturbances from other radio telecommunication systems. The subject of this paper is to conduct research, the essence of which is an in-depth analysis in the field of elimination of LTE interference signals of the GNSS receiver, that is based on the developed effective methods on counteracting the phenomenon of interference signals coming from this system and transmitted on the same frequency. Interference signals are signals transmitted in the GNSS operating band, and unwanted signals may cause incorrect processing of the information provided to the end-user about his position, speed, and current time. This article presents methods of identifying and detecting interference signals, with particular emphasis on methods based on spatial processing of signals transmitted by the LTE system. A comparative analysis of the methods of detecting an unwanted signal was made in terms of their effectiveness and complexity of their implementation. Moreover, the concept of a new comprehensive anti-interference solution was proposed. It includes, among others, information on the various stages of GNSS signal processing in the proposed system, in relation to the algorithms used in traditional GNSS receivers. The final part of the article presents the obtained research results and the resulting significant observations and practical conclusions.

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Vegni, C., M. Tosti, and A. M. Vegni. "Innovative Radiating Systems for Train Localization in Interference Conditions." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/623950.

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The design of innovative radiating systems based on the metamaterial technology for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) applications in radio frequency (RF) interference conditions is proposed. To this aim, firstly two typical adaptive array techniques (i.e.,nullingandbeam-forming) are discussed and tradeed off. Secondly, FRPA (Fixed Radiation Pattern Antenna) and CRPA (Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenna) phased array configurations of miniaturized patch antennas are studied by means of electromagnetic commercial tools and phased array optimization algorithms. This process leads to the identification of a phased array design. Benefits and drawbacks for GNSS applications are highlighted. Finally, the design of the phased array is applied to a GNSS user receiver in a navigation realistic environment. Simulation results are obtained in a realistic scenario for railway applications, comprising of a GNSS satellite constellation, a GNSS user receiver (i.e., on-board train equipment) running along a track in Western Australia, and a constellation of interfering satellites. Navigation service performances (i.e., user location accuracy and service availability) are computed taking into account the adaptive array radiation pattern in two different modes (i.e., FRPA or CRPA) and band-limited white noise interference.

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Thombre, Sarang, M. Zahidul H. Bhuiyan, Patrik Eliardsson, Björn Gabrielsson, Michael Pattinson, Mark Dumville, Dimitrios Fryganiotis, et al. "GNSS Threat Monitoring and Reporting: Past, Present, and a Proposed Future." Journal of Navigation 71, no. 3 (December 7, 2017): 513–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463317000911.

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Vulnerability of satellite-based navigation signals to intentional and unintentional interference calls for a high-level overview of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) threats occurring globally to understand the magnitude and evolution of the problem. Therefore, a mechanism needs to be developed whereby disparate monitoring systems will be capable of contributing to a common entity of basic information about the threat scenarios they experience. This paper begins with a literature survey of 37 state-of-the-art GNSS threat monitoring systems, which have been analysed based on their respective operational features - constellations monitored and whether they possess the capability to perform interference-type classification, spoofing detection, and interference localisation. Also described is a comparative analysis of four GNSS threat reporting formats in use today. Based on these studies, the paper describes the Horizon2020 Standardisation of GNSS Threat Reporting and Receiver Testing through International Knowledge Exchange, Experimentation and Exploitation (STRIKE3) proposed integrated threat monitoring demonstration system and related standardised threat reporting message, to enable a high-level overview of the prevailing international GNSS threat scenarios and its evolution over time.

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Huang, Long, Zukun Lu, Zhibin Xiao, Chao Ren, Jie Song, and Baiyu Li. "Suppression of Jammer Multipath in GNSS Antenna Array Receiver." Remote Sensing 14, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14020350.

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Interference multipath is an important factor to affect the anti-jamming performance for the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) antenna array receiver. However, interference multipath must be considered in practical application. In this paper, the antenna array model for interference multipath is analyzed, and an equivalent model for interference multipath is proposed. According to the equivalent interference multipath model, the influence of interference multipath on anti-jamming performance is analyzed from the space only processing (SOP) and space-time adaptive processing (STAP). Interference multipath can cause loss of the degree of freedom (DoF) of SOP. Through analysis of the equivalent model and STAP mechanism, it further reveals how the STAP can solve the interference multipath. The simulation experiments prove that the equivalent model is effective, and the analysis conclusion is correct. This paper also points out that the interference bandwidth is wider and more taps in STAP are required, under the same experiment conditions.

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Borio, Daniele, Haoqing Li, and Pau Closas. "Huber’s Non-Linearity for GNSS Interference Mitigation †." Sensors 18, no. 7 (July 10, 2018): 2217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072217.

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Martin, S., H. Kuhlen, and T. Abt. "Interference and Regulatory Aspects of GNSS Pseudolites." Journal of Global Positioning Systems 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2007): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5081/jgps.6.2.98.

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Gao, Grace Xingxin, Matteo Sgammini, Mingquan Lu, and Nobuaki Kubo. "Protecting GNSS Receivers From Jamming and Interference." Proceedings of the IEEE 104, no. 6 (June 2016): 1327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2016.2525938.

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Groves, Paul D., and Daniel C. Long. "Combating GNSS Interference with Advanced Inertial Integration." Journal of Navigation 58, no. 3 (August 19, 2005): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463305003346.

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There are many scenarios where an integrated INS/GNSS navigation system may be required to operate in a high interference or weak signal environment. The GPS receiver may exploit the inertial aiding by operating with narrow tracking loop bandwidths in order to increase interference resistance. However, where a low grade INS is used, wider bandwidths are desirable to calibrate the INS errors effectively. This is important for GPS tracking loop aiding and sole-means inertial navigation during jamming. To obtain both effective INS calibration and jamming resistance, an adaptive tightly-coupled (ATC) INS/GPS integration architecture has been developed. The ATC technique has been assessed by simulation, showing that it provides a significant anti-jam margin over an INS/GPS with fixed tracking bandwidths selected for INS calibration. Compared to the deep (or ultra-tightly-coupled) integration techniques currently under development, ATC is a low cost anti-jam integration technique as it does not require a complete re-design of the navigation architecture. When there is too much interference for any GNSS signals to be tracked, the INS provides sole-means navigation. Thus, it is important to optimise the calibration of the INS when GNSS signals are available. To this end, the effects of estimating higher order inertial instrument errors and satellite range biases within the INS/GPS integration filter have been assessed.

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Jia, Qiongqiong, Renbiao Wu, Wenyi Wang, Dan Lu, Lu Wang, and Jie Li. "Multipath interference mitigation in GNSS via WRELAX." GPS Solutions 21, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-016-0538-9.

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Ribot, Miguel, Jean-Christophe Kucwaj, Cyril Botteron, Serge Reboul, Georges Stienne, Jérôme Leclère, Jean-Bernard Choquel, Pierre-André Farine, and Mohammed Benjelloun. "Normalized GNSS Interference Pattern Technique for Altimetry." Sensors 14, no. 6 (June 11, 2014): 10234–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s140610234.

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Cooper, John, and Peter Daly. "Preprocessing of GNSS signals subject to interference." International Journal of Satellite Communications 15, no. 6 (November 1997): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1247(199711/12)15:6<247::aid-sat585>3.0.co;2-4.

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van der Merwe, Johannes Rossouw, Fabio Garzia, Alexander Rügamer, Santiago Urquijo, David Contreras Franco, and Wolfgang Felber. "Wide-Band Interference Mitigation in GNSS Receivers Using Sub-Band Automatic Gain Control." Sensors 22, no. 2 (January 16, 2022): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22020679.

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The performance of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers is significantly affected by interference signals. For this reason, several research groups have proposed methods to mitigate the effect of different kinds of jammers. One effective method for wide-band interference mitigation (IM) is the high-rate DFT-based data manipulator (HDDM) pulse blanker (PB). It provides good performance to pulsed and frequency sparse interference. However, it and many other methods have poor performance against wide-band noise signals, which are not frequency-sparse. This article proposes to include automatic gain control (AGC) in the HDDM structure to attenuate the signal instead of removing it: the HDDM-AGC. It overcomes the wide-band noise limitation for IM at the cost of limiting mitigation capability to other signals. Previous studies with this approach were limited to only measuring the carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0) performance of tracking, but this article extends the analysis to include the impact of the HDDM-AGC algorithm on the position, velocity, and time (PVT) solution. It allows an end-to-end evaluation and impact assessment of mitigation to a GNSS receiver. This study compares two commercial receivers: one high-end and one low-cost, with and without HDDM IM against laboratory-generated interference signals. The results show that the HDDM-AGC provides a PVT availability and precision comparable to high-end commercial receivers with integrated mitigation for most interference types. For pulse interferences, its performance is superior. Further, it is shown that degradation is minimized against wide-band noise interferences. Regarding low-cost receivers, the PVT availability can be increased up to 40% by applying an external HDDM-AGC.

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Luo, Yiran, Li-Ta Hsu, Yang Jiang, Baoyu Liu, Zhetao Zhang, Yan Xiang, and Naser El-Sheimy. "High-Accuracy Absolute-Position-Aided Code Phase Tracking Based on RTK/INS Deep Integration in Challenging Static Scenarios." Remote Sensing 15, no. 4 (February 17, 2023): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041114.

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Many multi-sensor navigation systems urgently demand accurate positioning initialization from global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) in challenging static scenarios. However, ground blockages against line-of-sight (LOS) signal reception make it difficult for GNSS users. Steering local codes in GNSS basebands is a desirable way to correct instantaneous signal phase misalignment, efficiently gathering useful signal power and increasing positioning accuracy. Inertial navigation systems (INSs) have been used as effective complementary dead reckoning (DR) sensors for GNSS receivers in kinematic scenarios, resisting various forms of interference. However, little work has focused on whether INSs can improve GNSS receivers in static scenarios. Thus, this paper proposes an enhanced navigation system deeply integrated with low-cost INS solutions and GNSS high-accuracy carrier-based positioning. First, an absolute code phase is predicted from base station information and integrated solutions of the INS DR and real-time kinematic (RTK) results through an extended Kalman filter (EKF). Then, a numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) leverages the predicted code phase to improve the alignment between instantaneous local code phases and received ones. The proposed algorithm is realized in a vector-tracking GNSS software-defined radio (SDR). Results of the time-of-arrival (TOA) and positioning based on real-world experiments demonstrated the proposed SDR.

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Jia, Zhi Ge, Zhao Sheng Nie, Wei Wang, Xiao Guan, and Di Jin Wang. "Study the Effect of Radio Interference of the EHV Transmission Line on GNSS Signals." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.851.

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This work describes the field testing process of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver under 220KV, 500KV UHV transmission line and standard calibration field. Analysis for GNSS data results shows that the radio interference generated by EHV transmission lines have no effect on GNSS receiver internal noise levels and valid GNSS observation rate. Within 50 meters of the EHV transmission lines, the multi-path effects (mp1 and mp2 value) significantly exceeded the normal range and becomes larger with the increase of the voltage .outside 50 meters of the EHV transmission line, the multi-path effects have almost no effect on the high-precision GNSS observations.

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Chang, Chung-Liang, and Bo-Han Wu. "A Dynamic Cooperative Scheme with Multiple Antennas for Indoor Mobile Robot Localization." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/972371.

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This paper proposes a spatial cooperative diversity and decision-making technique to enhance signal detection and indoor mobile robot positioning performance of a global positioning satellite system (GNSS) receiver. Though the adaptive antenna array technique in early research could effectively promote antijamming freedom, overcome time-varying system, and mitigate narrowband and wideband interferences, factors such as the decrease of signal magnitude caused by obstacles (especially in the indoor environment), multipath, and blanking effect caused by the change in antenna direction with the motion of mobile robot can degrade the detection and interference mitigation performance of GNSS receivers. This paper aims to develop a dynamic cooperative scheme to proceed with the switch, selection, combination, and optimization among antennas. In addition, a signal processing experimental platform is also established to receive actually indoor GNSS signals for verification. The proposed scheme is capable of effectively promoting the postcorrelation signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) capability of a GNSS receiver under the indoor environment.

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Zheng, Zhou, Meng Yuan Li, and Wei Jiang Wang. "A High Efficient Baseband GNSS Signal Narrow Band Anti-Jamming Approach in Frequency Domain." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1857.

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In order to reduce the burden of the calculation and the low frequency resolution of the tradition GNSS signal intermediate narrow band anti-jamming method, it introduces a high efficient approach of narrow band interference rejection based on baseband GNSS signal processing. After digital down conversion to baseband and down sampling to a low rate, the interference is removed in frequency domain. According to the theoretical analysis and simulation, it claims that the method can reduce the calculation and increase the detection resolution in frequency domain which will realize a high efficient interference rejection.

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Rustamov, S., K. Sharipov, and T. Pulatov. "VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM BASED ON NAVIGATIONAL UNITS IN CASE OF VEHICLE ACCIDENTS." Technical science and innovation 2020, no. 2 (July 23, 2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.20.2-77-0058.

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When we focusing Emergency response system based on navigational units vulnerability to intentional interference and an opportunity incentive to attackers who wants to fool or impair Emergency response system based on navigational units especially smartphones and drones then Spoofing interference is a considerably powerful attack than jamming cause of jammer attacks block GNSS legitimate communication signals immediately on several receivers this arise mitigation strategy and counter measures for efficient jamming detection before damages are done. However, spoofing attack is most dangerous type of interference where produces GNSS like signals and fool receiver without interrupting GNSS operations where receiver navigation system is not able to do any counter measures until the fatal point. Positioning unit for all applications are not immune to this kind of attacks. Form a general perspective, a positioning unit is made of several sensors providing the actual position information, with the GNSS sensor playing a core role, being usually the only one providing an absolute estimation of the position, and others aiding or refining such information.

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35

Saretzki, Janika, Jürgen Pretsch, and Günther Joanneum Obertaxer. "Security that Matters: General Knowledge and Correlations in the Context of Applied Satellite Navigation, Specific Interference-Events and the Use of the GNSS-Technology." European Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/981fxj30.

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Navigation through global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) has become an indispensable part of modern life with threats such as GNSS interference, making it necessary to uncover relevant psychological aspects in the context of the GNSS construct, diverse interference events, and the use of related technologies. A total of n = 122 subjects participated in an online survey, which included scales and specifically constructed items on GNSS usage, acceptance, dependence, and self-assessed sense of direction and relevance of basic psychological needs. In addition, frequently emphasized factors influencing acceptance and use of diverse technologies were recorded according to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT; Venkatesh et al., 2003). Correlation analyses showed that the frequency of GNSS use was associated with both effort expectation of appropriate technologies, hedonistic motivation, habits of using GNSS-enabled devices, and specific aspects of mobility. In terms of reported GNSS dependency, negative correlations were found with self-assessed orientation ability. It was also possible to identify voluntariness in the use of related technologies, the age of the users, and the relevance of self-determination as essential variables in the context of GNSS use. The results underline the need for further investigation of psychological aspects and contribute to existing discussions in the context of various threat scenarios.

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Elghamrawy, Haidy, Malek Karaim, Mohamed Tamazin, and Aboelmaged Noureldin. "Experimental Evaluation of the Impact of Different Types of Jamming Signals on Commercial GNSS Receivers." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 20, 2020): 4240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124240.

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The received global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal has a very low power due to traveling a very long distance and to the nature of the signal’s propagation medium. Thus, GNSS signals are easily susceptible to signal interference. Signal interference can cause severe degradation or interruption in GNSS position, navigation, and timing (PNT) services which could be very critical, especially in safety-critical applications. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the presence of jamming signals on a high-end GNSS receiver and investigate the benefits of using a multi-constellation system under such circumstances. Several jamming signals are considered in this research, including narrowband and wideband signals that are located on GPS L1 or GLONASS L1 frequency bands. Quasi-real dynamic trajectories are generated using the Spirent™ GSS6700 GNSS signal simulator combined with an interference signal generator through a Spirent™ GSS8366 unit. The performance evaluation was carried out using several evaluation metrics, including signal power degradation, navigation solution availability, dilution of precision (DOP), and positioning accuracy. The multi-constellation system presented better performance over the global positioning system (GPS)-only constellation in most cases. Moreover, jamming the GPS band caused more critical effects than jamming the GLONASS band.

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Wang, Bin, Yanjing Sun, Yang Liu, Yuzhi Zhang, and Song Li. "Experimental Research on Narrowband Interference Suppression of GNSS Signals." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (December 20, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3410741.

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The navigation satellites are running at a high altitude of 20000 km from the ground, and the satellite signals arriving at the ground are very weak, such as the C/A code on the L1 band, which is only -160 dBW. In complex urban environments, especially when there is an occlusion, the signal power will be even lower. Low power causes the signal to be easily disturbed, where suppressed interference is the most common method of interference. The purpose of this paper is to experiment with the BPSK and BOC signal system to do the narrowband suppression of interference analysis and set up the actual test environment, based on the commonly used LMS algorithm for the two systems of narrowband interference performance contrast analysis, and throughout the simulation, it can be seen that the two improved algorithms can effectively suppress narrowband interference, thus improving the anti-interference performance of satellite navigation receiver.

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Li, Jie, Xuebao Hong, Feng Wang, Lei Yang, and Dongkai Yang. "Multilayer Model in Soil Moisture Content Retrieval Using GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 9, 2023): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041949.

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The global navigation satellite system–interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) was developed more than a decade ago to monitor soil moisture content (SMC); a system that is essentially finished has emerged. The standard GNSS-IR model typically considers soil to be a single layer of medium and measures the average SMC between 1 and 10 cm below the soil surface. The majority of the SMC is not distributed uniformly along the longitudinal axis. This study is based on a simulation platform and suggests a SMC-stratified measurement model that can be used to recover the SMC at different depths in the sink and reverse osmosis to address the issue that conventional techniques cannot accurately measure soil moisture at different depths. The soil moisture of each layer was assessed by utilizing the GNSS signals reflected by various soil layers, and this study employed total transmission when the vertical linearly polarized component of the electromagnetic wave was conveyed by the GNSS signal reflected by the soil. This work employed the Hilbert transform to obtain the interference signal envelope, which increases the visibility of the interference signal’s “notch” and reduces the burr impact of the interference signal brought on by ambient noise. The accuracy of the SMC measurement at the bottom declines due to the soil’s attenuation of the GNSS signal power, but the correlation between the predetermined value and SMC retrieved by the GNSS-IR multilayer SMC measurement model similarly approached 0.92.

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Zhang, Haiyu, Feiqiang Chen, Shengqiang Lou, Zhengrong Li, and Guangfu Sun. "Effect Analysis of GNSS Traditional Interference Suppression Method on Fast Chirp Interference." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1314 (October 2019): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1314/1/012055.

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Anyaegbu, Esther, Gary Brodin, John Cooper, Enrique Aguado, and Said Boussakta. "An Integrated Pulsed Interference Mitigation for GNSS Receivers." Journal of Navigation 61, no. 2 (March 25, 2008): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463307004572.

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The E5/L5 frequency band for the new Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals is crowded with aeronautical pulsed emitters. This results in severe degradation of the performance of GNSS receivers. This paper describes a novel technique for estimating and suppressing time-varying pulsed interference signals such as the Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)/Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) signals generated by these pulsed emitters. The proposed technique involves the integration of the time-based pulse blanker and the wavelet-based interference mitigation technique. Aviation is the key application considered although many other applications such as transport management and navigation, environmental monitoring, and telecommunications would benefit. A performance assessment of the new technique is carried out by determining the degradation of the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) at the output of the correlator. The performance of the new technique is compared with the traditional time domain pulse blanking approach. The results show that the proposed technique performs better than both the time domain pulse blanker and the wavelet-based interference mitigation algorithm. Hence, the integrated pulse mitigation approach can be employed to provide an enhanced degree of interference detection and suppression.

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Kamatham, Yedukondalu. "Prediction of Multipath Interference for Static GNSS Applications." CVR Journal of Science & Technology 14, no. 01 (June 1, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32377/cvrjst1401.

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42

Septiawan, Reza, Agung Syetiawan, Arief Rufiyanto, Nashrullah Taufik, Budi Sulistya, and Erik Madyo Putro. "GNSS interference reduction method for CORS site planning." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 17, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v17i3.11744.

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Wildemeersch, Matthias, Cornelis H. Slump, and Alberto Rabbachin. "Acquisition of GNSS signals in urban interference environment." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 50, no. 2 (April 2014): 1078–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.120094.

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Novák, Andrej, Alena Novák Sedláčková, and Anna Stelmach. "ANALÝZA RUŠENIA SIGNÁLU GNSS NA LETISKU POPRAD- TATRY." AEROjournal 15, no. 1 (2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/aer.c.2020.1.2.

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Han, Qi Wei, Ting Huang, Fei Qiang Chen, Jun Wei Nie, and Fei Xue Wang. "A GNSS Interference Monitoring Method with Low False Alarm and Low Missed Detection Probability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.605.

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Interference monitoring and analysis for GNSS frequency bands plays an important role in construction and development of satellite navigation systems, which can promote interference source locating, and has much benefit for system construction and the development of anti-jamming equipments. Due to high satellite orbits, GNSS signals reached the ground are very weak and submerged below the thermal noise, which makes it vulnerable to interference. Interference sources for satellite navigation system require only a small transmission power; however, a significant interference effect can be obtained. Therefore, a high sensitivity is needed by interference monitoring for satellite navigation system. The interference judgment threshold is close to thermal noise power, which often causes a higher probability of false alarm. It is very important to reduce the probability of false alarm at the same time to ensure high sensitivity. In this paper, a high sensitivity (low missed detection probability) and low false alarm interference monitoring method is proposed, a dual decision threshold is designed, thus the probability of false alarm can be effectively reduced at the same time of identifying interference accurately. The experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the algorithm.

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Gioia, Ciro, and Daniele Borio. "Multi-Layer Defences for Robust GNSS Timing Retrieval." Sensors 21, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 7787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237787.

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A multi-layered interference mitigation approach can significantly improve the performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers in the presence of jamming. In this work, three levels of defence are considered including: pre-correlation interference mitigation techniques, post-correlation measurement screening and FDE at the Position, Velocity, and Time (PVT) level. The performance and interaction of these receiver defences are analysed with specific focus on Robust Interference Mitigation (RIM), measurement screening through Lock Indicator (LIs) and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM). The case of timing receivers with a known user position and using Galileo signals from different frequencies has been studied with Time-Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (T-RAIM) based on the Backward-Forward method. From the experimental analysis it emerges that RIM improves the quality of the measurements reducing the number of exclusions performed by T-RAIM. Effective measurements screening is also fundamental to obtain unbiased timing solutions: in this respect T-RAIM can provide the required level of reliability.

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Guo, Qiang, Lian-gang Qi, and Jianhong Xiang. "Space-Time-Frequency Adaptive Processor for Multiple Interference Suppression in GNSS Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2301052.

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To enhance the multiple interference suppression performance of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers without extra antenna elements, a space-time-frequency adaptive processor (STFAP) is investigated. Firstly, based on the analysis of the autocorrelation function of the multicomponent signal, we propose a common period estimation and data block technique to segment the received signal data into blocks. Secondly, the signal data in each block are short-time Fourier transformed into time-frequency (TF) domain, and the corresponding TF points with similar frequency characteristics are regrouped to structure space-time-frequency (STF) data matrixes. Finally, a space-time-frequency minimum output power- (STF-MOP) based weight calculation method is introduced to suppress multiple interfering signals according to their sparse characteristics in TF and space domains. Simulation results show that the proposed STFAP can effectively combat more wideband periodic frequency-modulated (WBPFM) interferences even some of them arriving from the same direction as GNSS signals without increasing the number of antenna elements.

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Xu, Rui, Yong Hui Hu, Tao Zhang, and Fan Zhang. "Research on Effect of Blanket Jamming on GNSS Signal." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 956–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.956.

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this article uses Power Spectrum Density Theory and The Monte Carlo Simulation Method to analyze the effect of blanket jamming on the bit error rate of satellite navigation signal, and emulate, analyze and compare suppress interference interference effect on PSK-R signal and BOC signal. All the analyses are based on the research on blanket jamming and PSK-R signal and BOC signal.

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Jia, Zhi Ge, Zhao Sheng Nie, Zheng Song Chen, and Gang Liu. "Analysis and Study on GNSS Data under EHV Transmission Environment by Using TEQC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.287.

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TEQC is a tool which can be commonly used in GNSS data translation, editing, and quality checking, it's widely used in GNSS data preprocessing. This paper has introduced the common syntax and instruction of TEQC when it used in GNSS data processing, also introduced the testing examples of GNSS receiver under three environments: 220KV UHV transmission line environment, 500KV UHV transmission line environment and standard GNSS calibration field, then using TEQC to preprocess and analysis the data. The results showed that: a)The GNSS observation data Efficiency is not effected from radio interference generated by EHV transmission lines; b)Within 25 meters ranges GNSS observation data under EHV transmission line, the multi-path effects (mp1 and mp2 value) significantly exceeded the normal range, and the voltage higher, the multi-path value larger. c)Apart from 50 meters outside EHV transmission line, there is almost no effect about multi-path affects in the high-precision GNSS observation data.

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Zhang, Cui, Xu, and Lu. "A Two-Stage Interference Suppression Scheme Based on Antenna Array for GNSS Jamming and Spoofing." Sensors 19, no. 18 (September 7, 2019): 3870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183870.

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Jamming and spoofing are the two main types of intentional interference for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. Due to the entirely different signal characteristics they have, a few techniques can deal with them simultaneously. This paper proposes a two-stage interference suppression scheme based on antenna arrays, which can detect and mitigate jamming and spoofing before the despreading of GNSS receivers. First, a subspace projection was adopted to eliminate the high-power jamming signals. The output signal is still a multi-dimensional vector so that the spatial processing technique can be used in the next stage. Then, the cyclostationarity of GNSS signals were fully excavated to reduce or even remove the noise component in the spatial correlation matrix. Thus, the signal subspace, including information of the power and the directions-of-arrival (DOAs) of the GNSS signals, can be obtained. Next, a novel cyclic correlation eigenvalue test (CCET) algorithm was proposed to detect the presence of a spoofing attack, and the cyclic music signal classification (Cyclic MUSIC) algorithm was employed to estimate the DOAs of all the navigation signals. Finally, this study employed a subspace projection again to eliminate the spoofing signals and provide a higher gain for authentic satellite signals through beamforming. All the operations were performed on the raw digital baseband signal so that they did not introduce additional computational complexity to the GNSS receiver. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme not only suppresses jamming and spoofing effectively but also maximizes the power of the authentic signals. Nonetheless, the estimated DOA of spoofing signals may be helpful for the interference source positioning in some applications.

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Journal articles on the topic 'GNSS Interference'

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