Relevant bibliographies by topics / GMR

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'GMR'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "GMR"

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Putri, Rika Diananing, and Imam Hanafi. "FORMULASI GARAM DAN MADU TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MASKER WAJAH." Journal of Food Technology and Agroindustry 4, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24929/jfta.v4i1.1854.

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Salt is a natural product made from evaporation of sea water with the help of sunlight. The benefits of salt are many, both for food, health, and beauty needs. In addition, salt can treat skin diseases, overcome rough skin. Honey has good benefits for the health of the body, both externally and internally. The purpose of this study was to compile the ingredient formula and determine the effect of the raw material formula on the physical and organoleptic properties of facial mask products made from salt and honey. The use of salt into beauty products (masks for the face) by formulating salt and honey (as skin moisturizers) on physical and chemical characteristics. The stages of the research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2x3 factorial sequentially between honey and salt GM1 (6%:20%), GM2 (6%:30%), GM3 (6%:50%), GM4 (8% :20%), GM5 (8%:30%), GM6 (8%:50%), then chemically analyzed including initial analysis and product analysis (pH). The progress of research results, chemically, in the treatment of GM1-GM3 has a pH of 6, while GM4-GM6 has a pH of 5. In accordance with the skin pH between 4-8. Physically, the color produced is cream, the aroma is odorless, and the homogeneity is the same. External status must be achieved.
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Lin, Yongqing, Bixiong Ye, Qin Wang, and Shaoxia Dong. "Environmental and Socioeconomic Factors for Gastric Cancer in 14 Counties of the Huai River Basin from 2014 to 2018." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 2213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042213.

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To explore the potential relationship between environmental and socioeconomic factors and the risk of gastric cancer (GC) in the Huai River Basin, the GC incidence rate (GIR) and GC mortality rate (GMR) data from 2014 to 2018 in 14 counties of the Huai River Basin were collected from the Chinese Cancer Registration Annual Report. Environmental and socioeconomic parameters were collected through the Statistical Yearbook. The 14 counties were classified into three groups with low, moderate, and high risk of GC according to the point density of environmental factors (PDF) and index of socioeconomic factors (ISF). Significant differences in GIR and GMR were found among the counties with PDF (χ2 = 21.36, p < 0.01) and ISF (χ2 = 11.37, p < 0.05) levels. Meanwhile, significant differences in mortality rate were observed among counties with different PDF (χ2 = 11.25, p < 0.01) and ISF (χ2 = 18.74, p < 0.01), and the results showed that the ISF and PDF were increased while the GIR and GMR were decreased. Meanwhile, there was a lag effect between them, and we used two models to explore the lag effects between ISF, PDF and GIR and GMR; the coefficient influence between the ISF lag phase and GIR was −2.9768, and the coefficient influence between PDF and the lag phase on the GIR was −0.9332, and there were both significant impact when there was a probability of more than 95%. The results showed that the higher the ISF and PDF that lags in one stage, the more GIR was reduced, while the impact of the ISF and PDF on lag stage on mortality was not obvious. We used differential GMM to test the results, and also research results were relatively robust. Overall, GIR and GMR decreased with increasing point density of environmental factors and index of socioeconomic factors.
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Gibson, Robert W., Margaret Shepard, and Barbara Kunkel. "GMR Online*." Information Services & Use 5, no. 4 (July 1, 1985): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/isu-1985-5403.

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Peripheral Systems Laboratories, Fu. "Tunnel GMR." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 21, S_3_PMRC_97_3 (1997): S3_14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.21.s3_14.

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Daughton, J. M. "GMR applications." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 192, no. 2 (February 1999): 334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(98)00376-x.

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Depastas, T., G. A. Souliotis, K. Palli, A. Bonasera, and H. Zheng. "A Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) study of nuclear near-ground-state properties." EPJ Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125207003.

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The Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) model is used to describe the properties of nuclear systems near the ground state. A procedure for global optimization of the initial configurations of the nuclei is developed. In addition, the neutron skins of various nuclear systems are calculated. Finally, the GDR and GMR spectra of medium-mass nuclear systems are studied. The effect of the model parameters to the spectra is explored. We conclude that an increased compressibility of K = 308 MeV results in increased GDR energy and decreased skin, while the total energy and the GMR energy remain almost unaltered.
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Wagner, Katharina, Sabine Kafert-Kasting, Gerhard Heil, Arnold Ganser, and Matthias Eder. "Inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor function by a splice variant of the common β-receptor subunit." Blood 98, no. 9 (November 1, 2001): 2689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v98.9.2689.

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Abstract The receptors for human granuloctye-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and IL-5 are composed of a ligand-specific α-chain (eg, α–GM-CSF receptor [α-GMR]) and a common β-subunit (β-GMR). Ligand binding is believed to induce assembly or conformational changes in preformed complexes containing more than one α- and β-subunit in the activated receptor complex. To analyze the function of a splice variant of β-GMR with a truncation in the intracellular domain (β-GMRIT), BaF-3 cells expressing human α-GMR plus β-GMR were transfected with β-GMRIT. In these cells, coexpression of β-GMRIT inhibits GM-CSF–mediated survival and proliferation in a GM-CSF concentration–dependent manner. To analyze the effect of cytoplasmic assembly of truncated and full-length intracellular β-GMR sequences, β-GMR and β-GMRIT were coexpressed with different chimeric α/β-GMR constructs. Whereas both β-GMR and β-GMRIT generate high-affinity GMR complexes in the presence of α/β-GMR, β-GMRITinhibits while β-GMR supports proliferation and cell survival mediated by α/β-GMR. Correspondingly, β-GMR, but not β-GMRIT, generates functional GMR complexes when coexpressed with a defective α/β-GMR construct. These data indicate that β-GMRIT can inhibit survival and mitogenic signaling of the wild-type GMR and demonstrate that recruitment of alternatively spliced receptor subunits may regulate the function of heteromeric cytokine receptors.
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Jubinsky, PT, AS Laurie, DG Nathan, J. Yetz-Aldepe, and CA Sieff. "Expression and function of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor receptor alpha subunit." Blood 84, no. 12 (December 15, 1994): 4174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v84.12.4174.bloodjournal84124174.

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To determine the expression and function of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor alpha chain (GMR alpha) during hematopoiesis and on leukemic cells, monoclonal antibodies were raised by immunizing mice with cells expressing high levels of human GMR alpha. A pool of five antibodies isolated from three different mice was used to characterize GMR alpha. This antibody pool (anti-GMR alpha) immunoprecipitated a protein with the expected molecular weight of GMR alpha from COS cells transiently transfected with the GMR alpha gene. In factor-dependent cells, GMR alpha existed as a phosphoprotein. However, its phosphorylation was not stimulated by the presence of GM- CSF. Anti-GMR alpha inhibited the GM-CSF-dependent growth of cell lines and normal bone marrow cells and inhibited the binding of iodinated GM- CSF to its receptor. Cell surface expression of GMR alpha was examined using anti-GMR alpha and flow cytometry. GMR alpha was readily detectable on both blood monocytes and neutrophils. In adherence- depleted normal bone marrow, two separate populations expressed GMR alpha. The most positive cells were predominantly macrophages, whereas the cells that expressed less GMR alpha were largely myelocytes and metamyelocytes. A small population of lin-CD34+ or CD34+CD38- cells also expressed GMR alpha, but they were not capable of significant growth in colony-forming assays. In contrast, the majority of lin-CD34+ and CD34+CD38- cells were GMR alpha-, yet they produced large numbers of myeloid and erythroid colonies in the same assay. Malignant cells from patients with leukemia were also tested for GMR alpha expression. All of the myeloid leukemias and only rare lymphoid leukemias surveyed tested positive for GMR alpha. These results show that anti-GMR alpha is useful for the functional characterization of the GMR alpha and for the detection of myeloid leukemia and that GMR alpha is expressed on certain lineages throughout hematopoietic development; however, progenitors that express the receptor may have a reduced capacity to proliferate in response to hematopoietic growth factors.
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Li, Nanzhe, and Nurbiha A Shukor. "Critical Thinking Process in Online Collaborative Learning Based on Different Group Metacognitive Regulation Levels." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 18, no. 23 (December 5, 2023): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v18i23.42839.

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Critical thinking (CT) is acknowledged as one of the core skills to survive in the future. Learner’s critical thinking skills (CTS) could be cultivated in online learning through collaborations, which are promoted by group metacognitive regulation (GMR). The existing studies on CTS mainly focus on improving students’ CTS levels but ignore the CT process. In this study, students collaborated online in small groups with the intervention of GMR for four tasks. GMR prompts were applied to guide students in regulating their collaboration. Facione’s CTS model was adopted to code students’ CTS for content analysis. Lag sequential analysis was conducted to reveal students’ CT processes based on different GMR levels. The result shows that GMR is positively significantly correlated with CTS. Students’ CT process differs upon at different GMR levels. High-GMR groups possess the highest frequency and balanced CT process, medium-GMR groups have the most sophisticated CT process, and low-GMR groups have the lowest frequency and simplest CT pattern, which reveals the usefulness of GMR in promoting students’ CTS.
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Mizuguchi, T., S. Terada, T. Miyauchi, and A. Matsuzono. "Characteristics of NiFe/CuNi multilayer GMR sensors for vertical GMR heads." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 34, no. 4 (July 1998): 1504–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.706597.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "GMR"

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Mitáš, Martin. "Analýza GMR heterostruktur metodou SIMS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228254.

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Carroll, Turhan Kendall. "Radiation Damage in GMR Spin Valves." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281633368.

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Stanton, Tomas. "Instrument development for non-contact GMR measurement." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516646.

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Hempel, Tobias. "GMR limits for interlayer coupled and pinned trilayers and new concepts for GMR sensors experimental investigations and computer simulation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979388864.

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Tietjen, Detlev. "Kopplungen und Riesenmagnetowiderstand (GMR) in Mehrlagensystemen für die Magnetosensorik." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1086786498875-45169.

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Die Messung magnetischer Felder ist in der Sensorik von großem Interesse. Benötigt werden dazu physikalische Effekte, die magnetische Größen in elektrische Größen umsetzen. Ein interessanter Vertreter ist dabei der Riesenmagnetowiderstand (GMR). Systeme, die den GMR zeigen, sind Thema dieser Arbeit. Die untersuchten Systeme lassen sich in zwei Typen einteilen: Multilagen bestehen aus einer großen Zahl (30-40) nominell identischer Doppellagen aus abwechselnd ferromagnetischem und nichtmagnetischem Metall. Diese Systeme zeigen eine Widerstandsänderung mit der Stärke des externen Magnetfeldes. Untersucht wurden Schichten Co/Cu und NiFe/Cu. Es konnten Schichten mit einer Sensitivität von 3.2%/mT präpariert werden. Für den Rückgang der Signalstärke bei erhöhten Temperaturen sind, abhängig von der Cu-Dicke, zwei unterschiedliche Mechanismen verantwortlich. Diese werden diskutiert. Spin Valves bestehen aus Einzellagen unterschiedlicher Materialien (antiferro-, ferro- und paramagnetisch), meist Metalle, die eine Widerstandsänderung mit der Richtung des externen Magnetfeldes zeigen. Untersucht wurden Systeme, die auf NiO, FeMn und IrMn basieren. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit dieser Systeme zeigt Eigenschaften, die für die kommerzielle Nutzung wichtig sein können. Die mikroskopischen Ursachen werden diskutiert. Ein neu entwickeltes, leistungsfähiges Modell kann das sensorische Verhalten dieser Systeme sehr gut nachbilden und erlaubt so einen Einblick in die internen Vorgänge.
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Tietjen, Detlev. "Kopplungen und Riesenmagnetowiderstand (GMR) in Mehrlagensystemen für die Magnetosensorik." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2003. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24344.

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Die Messung magnetischer Felder ist in der Sensorik von großem Interesse. Benötigt werden dazu physikalische Effekte, die magnetische Größen in elektrische Größen umsetzen. Ein interessanter Vertreter ist dabei der Riesenmagnetowiderstand (GMR). Systeme, die den GMR zeigen, sind Thema dieser Arbeit. Die untersuchten Systeme lassen sich in zwei Typen einteilen: Multilagen bestehen aus einer großen Zahl (30-40) nominell identischer Doppellagen aus abwechselnd ferromagnetischem und nichtmagnetischem Metall. Diese Systeme zeigen eine Widerstandsänderung mit der Stärke des externen Magnetfeldes. Untersucht wurden Schichten Co/Cu und NiFe/Cu. Es konnten Schichten mit einer Sensitivität von 3.2%/mT präpariert werden. Für den Rückgang der Signalstärke bei erhöhten Temperaturen sind, abhängig von der Cu-Dicke, zwei unterschiedliche Mechanismen verantwortlich. Diese werden diskutiert. Spin Valves bestehen aus Einzellagen unterschiedlicher Materialien (antiferro-, ferro- und paramagnetisch), meist Metalle, die eine Widerstandsänderung mit der Richtung des externen Magnetfeldes zeigen. Untersucht wurden Systeme, die auf NiO, FeMn und IrMn basieren. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit dieser Systeme zeigt Eigenschaften, die für die kommerzielle Nutzung wichtig sein können. Die mikroskopischen Ursachen werden diskutiert. Ein neu entwickeltes, leistungsfähiges Modell kann das sensorische Verhalten dieser Systeme sehr gut nachbilden und erlaubt so einen Einblick in die internen Vorgänge.
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Jedlicska, István. "Modellierung und Echtzeit-Kompensation der Hystereseeffekte bei GMR-Gradientenmessbrücken /." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999389637/04.

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Ersova, Alexandra. "Translation of technical and promotional materials for GMR ENLIGHTS S.r.l." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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This thesis describes a translation project carried out within the framework of the Language Toolkit program, which is the result of a collaboration between the Department of Interpretation and Translation and the Chamber of Commerce of Romagna. For this translation project, technical and promotional materials were translated from Italian into Russian for GMR ENLIGHTS S.r.l., a local company that specializes in lighting technology. Materials that were assigned for this translation project combine technical and promotional writing, which is a common feature of business-to-business promotional texts. The first chapter explores the main characteristics of texts belonging to this category and analyzes the tools and skills that a translator needs to perform promotional and technical translation. More information about the Language Toolkit program and GMR ENLIGHTS S.r.l. can be found in the second chapter. Here the work of the program is analyzed in the context of economic development and internationalization of the region of Emilia-Romagna. This is followed by a brief history of the company's development and a description of the task assigned by the company. The third chapter describes the tools that were chosen for this translation project and the resources that were used in order to acquire the relevant terminology. The fourth chapter provides a detailed analysis of all the source texts. Given the promotional nature of the texts, it was decided to adopt the functional approach to translation and analyze the texts along Nord's (2005) model of translation-oriented text analysis, which revolves greatly around the analysis of the prospective target reader. The most interesting and recurrent translation problems that were encountered in this project, and strategies adopted to solve them are described in the fifth and final chapter.
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García, Torres José Manuel. "Electrochemical Preparation of Co-Ag Nanostructured Materials for GMR Applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2763.

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The electrodeposition is a technique that day by day is gaining positions among the mainly employed physical methods. This is due to the fact that electrodeposition shows some advantages over the physical techniques such as: versatility, selectivity, room temperature, high deposition rates, high thicknesses, among others. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is the use of the electrochemical technology to prepare Co-Ag nanostructured materials for magntoresistive applications.

The first step was the preparation of granular films. However, the big difference in the standard potentials of both metals discards their codeposition and therefore, the main problem to overcome was to reduce this difference. Different electrolytic baths containing different complexing agents (Bath 1: Thiourea, bath 2: Thiosulphate and bath 3: Chloride) were employed in order to favour the codeposition. After optimizing the composition of each solution, Co-Ag films with a distribution of nanometric cobalt particles into the silver matrix were obtained. However, the deposits prepared from baths 1 and 2 only showed giant magnetoresistnace (GMR) at low temperatures, fact that was attributed to the presence of sulphur in the magnetic/non-magnetic interfaces which hindered the magnetoresistance effect to take place. The use of a sulphur-free bath (bath 3) allowed obtaining films with GMR values up to 7% at room temperature, values higher than those published by others. The numerical analysis of the magnetoresistance curves, which allowed the decomposition of the magnetoresistance curves into its ferromagnetic (FM) and superparamagnetic (SPM) contribution, indicated the higher SPM contribution over the FM one in all the electrodeposition conditions.

On the other hand and taking profit of the versatility of the electrodeposition, Co-Ag multilayers were prepared. The magnetic (Co) and non-magnetic (Ag) layer deposition condition optimization was crucial to obtain the highest GMR values.

The electrochemical technology was also useful to prepara Co-Ag nanowires (both granular and multilayered nanowires) into the pores of polycarbonate membranes. Moreover, nanoparticles of the Co-Ag system were also prepared with a core-shell structure and by the microemulsion method. A voltammetric method was developed to univocally determine the correct core-shell structure formation. An strategy was also developed to measure the magnetoresistance of the last two kinds of nanomaterials (nanowires and nanoparticles) which corroborated their magnetoresistive behaviour.
L'electrodeposició és una tècnica que, dia rere dia, escala posicions entre les més habitualment emprades tècniques físiques de deposició. Aquest fet es deu principalment als avantatges que presenta la tècnica electroquímica front als mètodes físics, essent aquests: versatilitat, selectivitat, equipament senzill, temperatura ambient, elevades velocitats de deposició, gruixos importants,..Aquest projecte de tesi desenvolupa la preparació electroquímica de materials nanoestructurats cobalt-plata, material que potencialment és útil en aplicacions magnetorresistives.

El nostre objectiu inicial va ser la preparació de pel·lícules granulars. El primer problema que va haver de superar-se per aconseguir la codeposició d'ambdós metalls va ser reduir l'elevada diferència entre els seus potencials de deposició. Es van utilitzar diferents banys electrolítics contenint agents complexants (bany 1:Tiourea, bany 2: Tiosulfat i bany 3: Clorurs) per tal d'afavorir la codeposició, Les formulacions optimitzades d'aquests banys van permetre aconseguir dipòsits amb una dispersió de partícules nanomètriques de cobalt a la matriu de plata. No obstant això els dipòsits preparats a partir dels banys 1 i 2 únicament presentaren magnetorresistència gegant a temperatures criogèniques, fet que es va relacionar amb la presència de sofre a les interfases magnètiques/no magnètiques, proposta que es va confirmar posteriorment.

Afortunadament el bany base-clorurs (bany 3) va permetre obtenir dipòsits amb valors de GMR de fins a un 7% a temperatura ambient, valors sensiblement superiors als trobats a la literatura. Un tractament de les dades experimentals amb un model teòric va permetre establir la contribució a la magnetoresistència de les partícules de cobalt d'acord amb la seva mida.

D'altre banda aprofitant la versatilitat de l'electrodeposició, es va procedir a la preparació de multicapes Co-Ag. L'optimització de les condicions d'electrodeposició tant de la capa magnètica (Co) com de la capa no magnètica (Ag) va ser decisiva per tal d'obtenir estructures amb GMR.

El mètode electroquímic va ser útil per obtenir fils de mida nanomètrica de Co-Ag a partir de templates de membranes de policarbonat, tant granulars com en forma de multicapa. D'aquest material, Co-Ag, s'han preparat nanoparticules amb estructura nucli-corona pel mètode de la microemulsió, per les que s'ha desenvolupat un mètode electroquímic de caracterització que ha permès comprovar la correcta formació de les nanoparticles. Per la mesura de GMR d'aquests sistemes nanomètrics (nanofils i nanoparticles) s'ha dissenyat un procediment experimental de mesura que ha confirmat el caràcter magnetoresistiu de les nanoestructures.
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Jedlicska, István [Verfasser]. "Modellierung und Echtzeit-Kompensation der Hystereseeffekte bei GMR-Gradientenmessbrücken / István Jedlicska." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1161300015/34.

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Books on the topic "GMR"

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Reig, Candid, Susana Cardoso, and Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Sensors. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37172-1.

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Turlan, Patrick. Le Regiment de Bordeaux: GMR 4 / 57eme regiment d'infanterie. Bordeaux: L'Amicale des Anciens du 57eme R.I., 1990.

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Bail, Sylvain Le. Le GMR (Groupe mobile de réserve) du Périgord, 1941-1944: Les forces de l'ordre sous Vichy. Saint-Georges-de-Mon: Le Chêne vert, 2003.

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Doll, Helmut. Milchquotenregelung und Struktur der Milcherzeugung: Untersuchung der Wirkungen der Milchgarantiemengenregelung (GMR) auf die Strukturentwicklung der Milcherzeugung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland : Untersuchung im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten. Münster-Hiltrup: Landwirtschaftsverlag, 1989.

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Saradēśapāṇḍe, Yaśavanta. Gir... gir... girmiṭ. Hubbaḷḷi: Sāhitya Prakāśana, 2012.

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editor, Mion Claudia 1983, ed. Silvia Gmür Reto Gmür Architekten. Milano: Electa architettura, 2015.

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Dyck, Ger van. Ger. 's-Gravenhage: SDU Uitgeverij, 1989.

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Gar yād rahe: Gar yaad rahay. Jihlum: Buk Kārnar, 2019.

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Maĭdar, D. Mongġol ger. Qayilar: Ȯbȯr Mongġol-un Soyul-un Keblel-u̇n Qoriy-a, 1987.

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Vogel, Patric U. B. GMP-Risikoanalysen. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35208-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "GMR"

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Bleumer, Gerrit. "GMR Signature." In Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security, 514–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5906-5_207.

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Bleumer, Gerrit. "GMR Signature." In Encyclopedia of Cryptography, Security and Privacy, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27739-9_207-2.

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Hirota, Eiichi, Hirosi Sakakima, and Koichiro Inomata. "Other GMR Devices." In Giant Magneto-Resistance Devices, 158–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04777-4_7.

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Dey, Puja, and Jitendra Nath Roy. "Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR)." In Spintronics, 75–101. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0069-2_3.

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Reig, Candid, and María-Dolores Cubells-Beltrán. "Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Magnetometers." In Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation, 225–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34070-8_8.

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Lee, Jung-Rok, Richard S. Gaster, Drew A. Hall, and Shan X. Wang. "GMR Spin-Valve Biosensors." In Spintronics Handbook: Spin Transport and Magnetism, Second Edition, 471–97. Second edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2018. |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429441189-15.

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Man, Zhao, Li Fengming, Quan Wei, Li Yibin, and Song Rui. "Robot Bolt Skill Learning Based on GMM-GMR." In Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 235–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89098-8_22.

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Baraduc, C., M. Chshiev, and B. Dieny. "Spintronic Phenomena: Giant Magnetoresistance, Tunnel Magnetoresistance and Spin Transfer Torque." In Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Sensors, 1–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37172-1_1.

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Gooneratne, C. P., K. Chomsuwan, M. Kakikawa, and S. Yamada. "High-Spatial Resolution Giant Magnetoresistive Sensors - Part II: Application in Biomedicine." In Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Sensors, 243–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37172-1_10.

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Leitão, D. C., J. Borme, A. Orozco, S. Cardoso, and P. P. Freitas. "Magnetoresistive Sensors for Surface Scanning." In Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Sensors, 275–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37172-1_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "GMR"

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Yang, Y., J. G. Zhu, R. M. White, and M. Asheghi. "Field-Dependent Electrical and Thermal Characterization of Cu/CoFe Multilayer for Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) Head Applications." In ASME 4th Integrated Nanosystems Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nano2005-87055.

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Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) head technology is one of the latest advancement in hard disk drive (HDD) storage industry. The GMR head superlattice structure consists of alternating layers of extremely thin metallic ferromagnet and paramagnet films. A large decrease in the resistivity from antiparallel to parallel alignment of the film magnetizations can be observed, known as giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect (Baibich et al., 1988; Binasch et al., 1989). The GMR effect is generally due to the spin dependent electron bulk and interfacial scattering in the GMR multilayer structures (Zhang et al., 1992). However, in order to understand the nature of the spin-dependent electron scattering mechanism responsible for the GMR effect, both electrical and thermal transport properties of such multilayer structures must be measured and understood. It is suggested that the thermal transport property measurements in GMR can be used to judge whether the scattering processes responsible for the GMR have elastic and/or inelastic components (Shi et al., 1996). Moreover, the GMR effect is anticipated to have a thermal counterpart, known as giant magnetothermal resistance (GMTR) effect in which the thermal conductivity shows a ‘giant’ change under magnetic field.
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Yang, Y., and M. Asheghi. "Thermal Characterization of Cu/CoFe Multilayer for Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) Head Applications." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62113.

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Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) head technology is one of the latest advancement in hard disk drive (HDD) storage industry. The GMR head superlattice structure consists of alternating layers of extremely thin metallic ferromagnet and paramagnet films. A large decrease in the resistivity from antiparallel to parallel alignment of the film magnetizations can be observed, known as giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect. The present work characterizes the in-plane electrical and thermal conductivities of Cu/CoFe GMR multilayer structure in the temperature range of 50 K to 340 K using Joule-heating and electrical resistance thermometry in suspended bridges. The thermal conductivity of the GMR layer monotonously increased from 25 Wm−1K−1 (at 55 K) to nearly 50 Wm−1K−1 (at room temperature). We also report the GMR ratio of 17% and a large negative magnetothermal resistance effect (GMTR) of 33% in Cu/CoFe superlattice structure. The Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) is used to estimate the GMR ratio, and to investigate the effect of repeats, as well as the spin-dependent interface and boundary scatting on the transport properties of the GMR structure. Aside from the interesting underlying physics, these data can be used in the predictions of the Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) failure and self-heating in GMR heads.
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Lee, Ting-Chang, Hsin-Chun Huang, Chih-Ming Wang, Che-Lung Hsu, Tsung-Hsun Yang, and Jeng-Yang Chang. "Novel GMR-based biochip." In Biomedical Optics 2005, edited by Alexander V. Priezzhev and Gerard L. Cote. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.591455.

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Wang, Zhigang. "Solid State GMR Memory." In 1995 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1995.pd-1-4.

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Yang, Yizhang, Sadegh M. Sadeghipour, and Mehdi Asheghi. "Modeling of Temperature Rise in Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) Sensor During an Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Event." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47266.

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With the further miniaturization of the GMR heads, the electrostatic discharge (ESD) failure has become the primary reliability issue in manufacturing of these sensors. The Joule heating effect during the ESD events result in both thermal and magnetic damages in GMR heads. In this paper, the thermal response of the GMR read head to the excessive current/voltage during an ESD event is investigated numerically using a 3-D finite element analysis. Unlike the previous studies, the thermal properties of the GMR and Al2O3 gap layers used in the simulation are the experimentally measured values. The temperature-rise in GMR heads under human-body-model (HBM) source current is obtained for a range of GMR dimensions and thermal properties of its constituent materials. The simulation results show that temperature in the GMR element sharply increases as the GMR dimensions are reduced, indicating the future GMR heads are more susceptible to the ESD damages. In addition, thermal properties of the GMR and gap materials play key roles in accurate prediction of the temperature field in GMR head during ESD events.
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Ti, Boyang, Yongsheng Gao, Qiang Li, and Jie Zhao. "Dynamic Movement Primitives for Movement Generation Using GMM-GMR Analytical Method." In 2019 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Information and Computer Technologies (ICICT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infoct.2019.8711390.

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Bellamkonda, Ramya, Tom John, Bobby Mathew, Hisham Hegab, Mark DeCoster, and Despina Davis. "Nanowire-GMR Integrated Microfluidic Biosensor." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78529.

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Nanowires based GMR is ideal to be integrated in microfluidic devices due to its efficient detection of sensitive magnetic fields. Nanowire based GMR microfluidic sensor is used to detect different fluids based on their magnetic behavior. This paper demonstrates the fabrication and testing of nanowire based GMR biosensors with four different control solutions: 1) DI-water, 2) Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), 3) polystyrene superparamagnetic beads, and 4) commercially available magnetic Dynabeads. The device is fabricated in PDMS by using a lithographically patterned silicon wafer as the mold. The nanowire based GMR material, 3 mm by 3 mm in size, is inserted inside the PDMS close to the channel during the fabrication. The channel in the PDMS substrate is sealed by bonding it to a glass plate using Reactive-Ion-Exchanger (RIE). GMR device is tested potentiostatically using a computer controlled function generator (Solatron, SI 1287). A highest resistance of 0.748 Ω. is recorded for the sensor, in the absence of magnetic field. A resistance change of 0.6% is obtained in the presence of a magnetic field (B = 0.035T) between water and polystyrene superparamagnetic beads when pumped through the microchannel. The sensor showed a resistance difference of 0.31% between 1X diluted PBS and 100X diluted dynabeads, in the presence of a constant magnetic field of 0.035T. This characterization would be useful in the development of a BioMEMS sensor using nanowire based GMR.
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Taguchi, M., I. Shinjo, Y. Kawano, M. Ikeuchi, and Y. Ohashi. "GMR Revolution Sensors for Automobiles." In SAE 2000 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-0540.

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Lehndorff, R., C. Glenske, and T. I. Yin. "2.3.4 - 3D GMR Magnetfeld-Sensoren." In 18. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2016. AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/sensoren2016/2.3.4.

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Colucci, Joseph M. "The GMR-GMR & amp;D Fuels and Lubricants Department - Its History and Accomplishments." In SAE 2016 World Congress and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0176.

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Reports on the topic "GMR"

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Tamanaha, C. R., S. P. Mulvaney, K. A. Wahowski, M. C. Tondra, L. J. Whitman, and R. J. Colton. Cellular Genomic Analysis with GMR Sensor Arrays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482671.

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Spallas, J., M. Mao, B. Law, F. Grabner, C. Cerjan, and O. O`Kane. High yield Cu-Co CPP GMR multilayer sensors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/486565.

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Raz, Gil M., and Robert D. Nowak. An Analog-to-Information Approach Using Adaptive Compressive Sampling and Nonlinear Affine Transformations. Analog-to-Information GMR-UW Collaboration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482017.

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Conrad, Jon, Linda Nøstbakken, Steven Stone, Henrik Franklin, and César Viteri. Fisheries Management in the Galapagos Marine Reserve: A Bioeconomic Perspective. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008751.

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Despite numerous efforts and a large investment by the Ecuadorian Government and the international community, fishery management in Galapagos remains highly conflictive and essentially ineffective. Levels of mistrust and lack of communication have eroded the governance mechanisms in place to resolve conflicts over competing uses in the Reserve. In an effort to provide new information and analytical content into the policy debate regarding fisheries management in the marine reserve, the authors of this paper developed this research utilizing an economic approach to regulating use of the primary commercial fisheries in Galapagos. In particular, the objective of this study is to determine the optimal harvest, escapement, and fishing effort for the small-scale fishing fleet of the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR). In this study, the focus of attention is the two most important fisheries: the sea cucumber (pepino de mar, or "pepino") and the spiny red lobster. The authors base their analysis on a stochastic discrete time bioeconomic model developed by Reed (1979).
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Mangrio, Elisabeth, Kyra Nieuwenhuijsen, Rahel Wahel Sebhatu, Michael Strange, and Slobodan Zdravkovic. Rapport #2 PHED-kommissionen för framtiden för hälso-och sjukvård efter Covid-19 : allmän hälso- och sjukvård för en gemensam framtid. Baserad på offentliga seminarier som hållits mars - juni 2021. Malmö universitet, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178773282.

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Den här rapporten ger en sammanfattning av de seminarier som organiserades under våren 2021 av PHEDKommissionen för framtiden för hälso- och sjukvården efter covid-19, som bjöd in till vittnesmål från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal, tjänstemän, tankesmedjor, forskare, civilsamhället och andra intresserade parter baserat på de erfarenheter de fått och lärt sig av under pandemin. De vittnesmål som framfördes kom från många olika geografska platser och många olika nivåer, vilket gjorde dem relevanta både för Sverige och globalt. De fastställer fera centrala rekommendationer för att skydda och förbättra folkhälsan. Dessa rekommendationer både kompletterar och i hög grad utökar de rekommendationer som togs fram i den första rapporten, som var mer fokuserad på Sverige (”Ojämlikhet i samhället gör oss sårbara för pandemier”) och baserad på vittnesmål från hösten 2020, och som kan nås via: https://phed.uni.mau.se/. Den stora mängd erfarenheter som sammanfattas här går långt utöver pandemiperioden och tillhandahåller idéer och praktisk vägledning för att skydda och stärka människors hälsa så att den blir mer motståndskraftig inför framtida kriser.
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Hertzberg, Louise. Hemlöshet i Norden – Nationella strategier och praktiska lösningar. Edited by Christina Lindström. Nordens välfärdscenter, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52746/uokl6135.

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Hur ska vi på mindre än tio år avskaffa hemlöshet och, framför allt, hur ska vi göra så att barn och unga inte drabbas av hemlöshet? Denna rapport handlar om mål 11 i Agenda 2030 – att säkerställa tillgång för alla till fullgoda, säkra och ekonomiskt överkomliga bostäder. Rapporten Hemlöshet i Norden – Nationella strategier och praktiska lösningar beskriver nationella strategier och ger exempel på det praktiska arbetet med hemlöshet i länderna och belyser hemlöshet generellt men har även ett specifikt fokus på familjehemlöshet. De nordiska ländernas strategier och praktik för att minska hemlöshet ser olika ut och här går vi igenom land för land och tar upp både politiken, statistiken och praktiken. Norges och Finlands långsiktiga strategiska arbete mot hemlöshet har gett resultat. Utvärderingen av de danska strategierna visar att dessa inte har lett till en nedgång i hemlöshet, men att de har utvecklat metodarbetet. I Sverige har det inte funnits någon nationell strategi på över tio år. Avsnitten Röster från praktiken i rapporten ger konkreta exempel på hur arbetet ser ut ute i kommuner runtom i Norden, och visar samtidigt hur komplex frågan är. Rapporten innehåller även en bilaga som ger en inblick i statistiken och mätning av hemlöshet.
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Harris, James, Kelly Lechtenberg, and Nikin Patel. GMS Configuration Guide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1835245.

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Kolyovska, Vera, and Sonya Ivanova. Neurodegenerative Changes and Demyelination in Serum IgG Antibodies to GM1, GD1a and GM3 Gangliosides in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis – Preliminary Results. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.01.15.

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Mate, Adam. The Carrington GMD project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1571580.

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Gunay, Selim, Fan Hu, Khalid Mosalam, Arpit Nema, Jose Restrepo, Adam Zsarnoczay, and Jack Baker. Blind Prediction of Shaking Table Tests of a New Bridge Bent Design. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/svks9397.

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Considering the importance of the transportation network and bridge structures, the associated seismic design philosophy is shifting from the basic collapse prevention objective to maintaining functionality on the community scale in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes (i.e., resiliency). In addition to performance, the associated construction philosophy is also being modernized, with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques to reduce impacts of construction work on traffic, society, economy, and on-site safety during construction. Recent years have seen several developments towards the design of low-damage bridges and ABC. According to the results of conducted tests, these systems have significant potential to achieve the intended community resiliency objectives. Taking advantage of such potential in the standard design and analysis processes requires proper modeling that adequately characterizes the behavior and response of these bridge systems. To evaluate the current practices and abilities of the structural engineering community to model this type of resiliency-oriented bridges, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) organized a blind prediction contest of a two-column bridge bent consisting of columns with enhanced response characteristics achieved by a well-balanced contribution of self-centering, rocking, and energy dissipation. The parameters of this blind prediction competition are described in this report, and the predictions submitted by different teams are analyzed. In general, forces are predicted better than displacements. The post-tension bar forces and residual displacements are predicted with the best and least accuracy, respectively. Some of the predicted quantities are observed to have coefficient of variation (COV) values larger than 50%; however, in general, the scatter in the predictions amongst different teams is not significantly large. Applied ground motions (GM) in shaking table tests consisted of a series of naturally recorded earthquake acceleration signals, where GM1 is found to be the largest contributor to the displacement error for most of the teams, and GM7 is the largest contributor to the force (hence, the acceleration) error. The large contribution of GM1 to the displacement error is due to the elastic response in GM1 and the errors stemming from the incorrect estimation of the period and damping ratio. The contribution of GM7 to the force error is due to the errors in the estimation of the base-shear capacity. Several teams were able to predict forces and accelerations with only moderate bias. Displacements, however, were systematically underestimated by almost every team. This suggests that there is a general problem either in the assumptions made or the models used to simulate the response of this type of bridge bent with enhanced response characteristics. Predictions of the best-performing teams were consistently and substantially better than average in all response quantities. The engineering community would benefit from learning details of the approach of the best teams and the factors that caused the models of other teams to fail to produce similarly good results. Blind prediction contests provide: (1) very useful information regarding areas where current numerical models might be improved; and (2) quantitative data regarding the uncertainty of analytical models for use in performance-based earthquake engineering evaluations. Such blind prediction contests should be encouraged for other experimental research activities and are planned to be conducted annually by PEER.
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