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Journal articles on the topic 'GMO'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Zhou, Rongting, Dong Wang, Ahmad Nabeel Siddiquei, Muhammad Azfar Anwar, Ali Hammad, Fahad Asmi, Qing Ye, and Muhammad Asim Nawaz. "GMO/GMF on Social Media in China: Jagged Landscape of Information Seeking and Sharing Behavior through a Valence View." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (December 2, 2019): 4838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234838.

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The study examines the critical factors affecting Chinese social media (SM) users’ intentions and behavior to seek and share information on genetically modified organisms/ genetically modified food (GMO/GMF). The proposed framework was conceptualized through benefit-risk analysis and subsequently mapped SM users’ perceived benefits and risks to seeks and share information using Kurt Lewin’s valence view. Quantitative data was collected using survey questionnaires administered from 583 SM users. The results of the path analysis demonstrated two key findings related to SM users’ perceived benefits and risks to seek and share information on GMO/GMF. Among risks, the psychological risk is the strongest predictor of perceived risk to use SM for GMO/GMF, which consequently determines the intentions and behaviors to share information about GMO/GMF on SM in People’s Republic of China. Among benefits, the results showed that perceived usefulness, creditability of GMO/GMF information, and information support are positively related to perceived benefits to use SM for GMO/GMF, which subsequently, predicts the intentions and behaviors to seek information about GMO/GMF on SM. This study suggests scholars and practitioners explore and utilize the efficient communication strategy to fulfill the potential of the SM to increase GMO/GMF acceptance in Chinese society.

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Rakhad Abdulrazak Alrawi and Rafal Abdulrazak Al-rawi. "Facts and horizons of genetically modified organisms/foods and health issues." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.2.0040.

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A GMO stands for genetically modified organism, whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering. This creates plant, animal, bacteria, and virus genes that do not occur in nature. GMO foods (GMF) were introduced in the 1990s. Nowadays, GMF includes many plants and animals, whose genetic materials (DNA) structure has been modified. A biologist researcher creates GMOs by introducing genetic material, or DNA, from a different organism through a process called genetic engineering. Crops are most often genetically modified to increase production, improve diseases protection, improve resistance to insects, and herbs as well as modified to contain extra nutrients, such as vitamins and proteins. Animals can be genetically modified to increase production and improve quality. Foods produced from GMOs are often referred to as GM foods (GMF), where they are carefully studied before they are sold to the public to ensure they are safe. These studies showed that GMO foods are as healthful and safe as their non-GMO foods. There is some controversy over the benefits and risks of GMO foods. It is vital issue to discuss of benefits and risks of GMO foods, taking into account their potential effects on human health and the environment. The present article focuses on GMO plants and animal products (GMF) that may concern human consumers.

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3

Gruissem, W. "Crop Biofortification-GMO or Non-GMO." Journal of Biotechnology 150 (November 2010): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.302.

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4

Dorey, Emma. "GMO roundup." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 7 (July 2000): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/77190.

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5

Hodgson, John. "GMO roundup." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 8 (August 2000): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/78337.

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Hodgson, John. "GMO roundup." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 9 (September 2000): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/79316.

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Hodgson, John. "GMO roundup." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 10 (October 2000): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/80133.

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Hodgson, John. "GMO roundup." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 11 (November 2000): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/81041.

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Hodgson, John. "GMO roundup." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 12 (December 2000): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/82265.

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Hodgson, John. "GMO roundup." Nature Biotechnology 19, no. 1 (January 2001): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/83520.

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Hodgson, John. "GMO roundup." Nature Biotechnology 17, no. 11 (November 1999): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/14998.

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Hodgson, John. "GMO roundup." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 1 (January 2000): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/71976.

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13

Hodgson, John. "GMO roundup." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 2 (February 2000): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/72497.

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14

Hodgson, John. "GMO roundup." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 3 (March 2000): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/73593.

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Hodgson, John. "GMO Roundup." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 4 (April 2000): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/74333.

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Hodgson, John. "GMO roundup." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 6 (June 2000): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/76338.

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17

Suseno, Rahayu, Nurheni Sri Palupi, and Endang Prangdimurti. "Alergenisitas Sistem Glikasi Isolat Protein Kedelai-Fruktooligosakarida (Allergenicity Properties of Soy Protein Isolate-Fructooligosaccaride Glycation Systems)." Agritech 36, no. 4 (February 25, 2017): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.16770.

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Food allergy is an immunological response caused by allergens contained in food. Soybean is one of the eight kinds of food products that can cause allergies. Genetically modified food crops that are most widely produced worldwide is soybean (47 % worldwide). Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) products is concerned may increase the allergenicity of the product. The aims of the research were to study the allergenicity of GMO and non-GMO Soy Protein Isolates (SPI) and the glycation effect to allergenicity of SPI. GMO and non-GMO SPI were glycated with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) through the Maillard reaction in liquid systems. Allergenicity was determined qualitatively using immunoblotting and quantitatively using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The glycation degree of GMO and non-GMO SPI can increase up to 75.03 % and 73.50 % in the liquid system. There were 9 protein allergens in GMO soybean and 8 protein allergens in non-GMO soybean. The glycation reaction could reduce protein allergens in GMO and non-GMO SPI up to 91.69 % and 87.07 %.ABSTRAKAlergi pangan merupakan sebuah respon imunologis yang disebabkan oleh alergen yang terdapat pada pangan. Kacang kedelai merupakan satu dari delapan jenis bahan pangan yang sering menyebabkan alergi. Tanaman pangan hasil rekayasa genetika (GMO) yang banyak diproduksi di dunia adalah kacang kedelai yaitu sekitar 47 %. Produk GMO dikhawatirkan dapat meningkatkan alergenisitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari tinggat alergenisitas antara Isolat Protein Kedelai (IPK) GMO dan non-GMO serta pengaruh glikasi terhadap alergenisitas IPK. IPK GMO dan non-GMO diglikasi dengan fruktooligosakarida melalui reaksi Maillard dengan sistem cair. Alergenisitas diukur secara kualitatif menggunakan immunobloting dan secara kuantitatif menggunakan Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Peningkatan derajat glikasi IPK GMO dan non-GMO pada sistem cair masing-masing memperlihatkan hasil 75,03 % dan 73,50 %. Terdapat 9 protein alergen pada kacang kedelai GMO dan 8 protein alergen pada kacang kedelai non-GMO. Reaksi glikasi dapat mengurangi alergen pada kacang kedelai GMO dan non-GMO hingga 91,69% dan 87,07%.

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18

Julesz, Máté. "GMO-free Constitution." Orvosi Hetilap 152, no. 31 (July 2011): 1255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2011.29180.

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19

Johnson, Arthur T. "GMO or OMG?" IEEE Pulse 10, no. 1 (January 2019): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpuls.2018.2885858.

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20

Saegusa, Asako. "Japan GMO deal." Nature Biotechnology 17, no. 5 (May 1999): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/8555.

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21

Betts, Kellyn S. "GMO Testing Hurdles." Environmental Science & Technology 34, no. 21 (November 2000): 472A—476A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es003455x.

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22

Trapmann, Stefanie, and Hendrik Emons. "Reliable GMO analysis." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 381, no. 1 (December 23, 2004): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2901-x.

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23

Waltz, Emily. "'GMO-free' logos." Nature Biotechnology 27, no. 11 (November 2009): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1109-967b.

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24

Aden, C., G. Schmidt, and W. Schröder. "WebGIS GMO Monitoring." Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit 2, S1 (December 2007): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00003-007-0239-y.

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Grohmann, Lutz. "GMO Detection Methodology." Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit 3, S2 (February 2009): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00003-009-0409-1.

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26

Dong, Wang, Muhammad Azfar Anwar, Muhammad Asim Nawaz, Zhou Rongting, Fahad Asmi, Aqsa Sajjad, Syed Mazahir Kazmi, Ali Hammad, and Fatih Yildiz. "Knowledge mapping of GMO/GMF research in social sphere." Cogent Food & Agriculture 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1602103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1602103.

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27

Evenbratt, Hanne, and Anna Ström. "Phase behavior, rheology, and release from liquid crystalline phases containing combinations of glycerol monooleate, glyceryl monooleyl ether, propylene glycol, and water." RSC Advances 7, no. 52 (2017): 32966–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra04249c.

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Anderson, Neil O., and Natalie J. Walker. "Marketing Genetically Modified Organism Carnations by Future Floral Designers: Student-designed Policy Formulation." HortTechnology 23, no. 5 (October 2013): 683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.5.683.

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Genetically modified organism (GMO) crops provide new trait(s) that may benefit floral designers and consumers. A limited array of GMO cut flower cultivars exist in the floral markets worldwide: nine carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) and one rose (Rosa ×hybrida). Labeling GMO flowers in the United States is not required. Thus, most distributors, flower auctions, brokers, wholesalers, floral designers and consumers are not aware that they exist. To test the acceptance of GMO cut flowers with potential future floral designers, n = 121 students enrolled in Floral Design (HORT 1013) at the University of Minnesota during 2005–07, 2009, and 2011, designed with standard and miniature GMO Moon™ series carnations. Each student created a Hogarth design with both types of carnations and assembled a price sheet. Students examined the differences between GMO lavender/purple carnations and those created with classic methods of spraying, dipping, or infusion. In 2009 only, students were also assigned to write a marketing paragraph about their GMO floral design. Each year, students were given an identical question on a subsequent midterm examination to determine their position on GMO cut flowers, including development of a floral shop policy to inform customers. Student examination responses ranged from not carrying GMO products [1/121 (0.8% response)], offering GMO/non-GMO carnation options to the consumer [81/121 (66.9% response)], or only selling only GMOs [33/121 (27.3% response)] that differed significantly from a 1:1:1 chi-square (χ2). A significant majority of students would inform their customers of the GMO crops [89/121 (73.6% response)]. In several instances, consumers were not to be informed of the GMO nature unless they queried about the higher price point. Similarly, marketing paragraphs did not uniformly highlight the GMO nature of the flowers. Implications for the next generation of floral designers demonstrate that, with the exception of students in 2005–06, most would sell both GMO and non-GMO flowers with a majority of shops clearly identifying GMOs.

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Lee, Sungmin, and Ha Eun Chun. "Prospective Study of GMO in Korea: Harnessing GMO for Solving Problems of Climate Change." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 5, no. 3 (2014): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2014.v5.501.

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30

Nowakowska, Justyna Anna, Daria Berezovska, and Aleksandra Szulińska. "Postawa społeczeństwa wobec organizmów modyfikowanych genetycznie (GMO) w Polsce – na przykładzie wybranych grup osób." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 19, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2021.19.1.09.

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Poziom wiedzy społeczeństwa nt. GMO stale się zmienia. W listopadzie i grudniu 2019 r. studenci UKSW w Warszawie przeprowadzili ankiety wśród 699 anonimowych respondentów na temat zastosowania produktów GMO w codziennym życiu Polaków. Osoby ankietowane podzielono wg czterech kryteriów: płci, wieku, wykształcenia i miejsca zamieszkania z podziałem na miasto i wieś, zadając 7 pytań merytorycznych odnośnie do poziomu wiedzy i osobistego podejścia do konsumpcji produktów GMO. Analizę statystyczną wyników wykonano w programie STATISTICA 12. Wykazano, że w ostatnich latach rośnie wiedza mieszkańców w Polsce nt. GMO, ale obawy przed produktami genetycznie modyfikowanymi nadal występują u ponad połowy społeczeństwa. Większość kobiet obawia się GMO, zwraca większą uwagę na oznakowanie produktów zawierających GMO i nie podałaby ich swoim dzieciom. Osoby w wieku poniżej 20 lat są pozytywnie nastawione do GMO, natomiast osoby w wieku powyżej 35 lat obawiają się negatywnych skutków spożywania produktów GMO. Większość osób mieszkających na wsi obawia się produktów GMO, opinia zaś mieszkańców miasta jest podzielona na dwie, prawie równe grupy: zarówno zwolenników, jak i przeciwników GMO. Różnice w odpowiedziach odnośnie obawy przed negatywnymi skutkami spożywania produktów zawierających GMO były statystycznie istotne (p < 0,001) i wykazały większe obawy wśród osób zamieszkujących tereny wiejskie (67%) niż u mieszkańców miast (49%). Jednocześnie, prawie ten sam duży odsetek osób ze wsi i z miasta (67%) był przychylny stosowaniu leków wyprodukowanych drogą inżynierii genetycznej (p < 0,01).

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Žel, Jana, Katarina Cankar, Maja Ravnikar, Marjana Camloh, and Kristina Gruden. "Accreditation of GMO detection laboratories: Improving the reliability of GMO detection." Accreditation and Quality Assurance 10, no. 10 (January 6, 2006): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00769-005-0074-8.

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Campbell, Benjamin L., Julie H. Campbell, and Joshua P. Berning. "GMO Turfgrass Introduction to the Market: Acceptance and Market Simulations for Connecticut Consumers." HortScience 56, no. 7 (July 2021): 809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15871-21.

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Using conjoint analysis and market simulations, the impact of the introduction of certified genetically modified organism (GMO)-free; GMO-free, not certified; and nonlabeled turfgrass was examined for Connecticut consumers. We categorized consumers into five distinct segments according to their preferences. The largest segment consisted of 38% of respondents (multifaceted), whereas the smallest consisted of 8% of respondents (extremely price sensitive). For most consumers GMO labeling was not a major driver for purchasing decisions, accounting for only 11% of purchasing decisions. However, holding all factors constant except GMO labeling and price, 66% of the market preferred a noncertified GMO-free label, with a significant number of consumers willing to pay for the certified GMO-free label. Based on market simulations, the noncertified GMO-free-labeled seed would maximize revenue at a 60% premium whereas the certified GMO-free label maximizes revenue when there is no premium.

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Guleria, Praveen, and Vineet Kumar. "GMO to Eradicate Malnutrition: Current Status." Current Nutrition & Food Science 17, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401316999200612112400.

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: Malnutrition is a prevailing serious issue in several nations. Among various strategies to counter the malnutrition, genetically modified organisms, GMO have been looked upon as an efficient remedial strategy. GMO developed in the lab has the potential to counter the deficiency of food, protein and nutrition. Inspite of such huge potential, growing GMO in the fields face some intense oppose from various groups all over the globe. Some countries have doubts regarding safety of GMO and some may be overrating the safety concerns over benefits of GMO. So, true potential of GMO can only be deciphered if grown freely in the fields. Present article is thus the description of the current status and effect of GMO in various developed and developing countries.

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Pogodzińska, Kinga. "GMO IN THE OPINION OF FARMERS." Problems of Agricultural Economics 264, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 144–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30858/zer/127807.

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Loi, Chia Chun, Graham T. Eyres, Patrick Silcock, and E. John Birch. "Application of a Novel Instantized Glycerol Monooleate Ingredient in a Protein-Stabilized Oil-In-Water Emulsion." Foods 9, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9091237.

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Glycerol monooleate (GMO), casein and whey proteins are surfactants that can stabilize emulsion systems. This study investigates the impact of instantized GMO powders on creaming stability and oxidative stability in protein-stabilized emulsions. Model emulsions with bulk GMO, two instantized GMO powders, and two controls (without GMO) were produced by microfluidization. The droplet size, ζ-potential, viscosity, and creaming index of the emulsions were measured, while oxidative stability was evaluated by analysis of volatile compounds during storage (28 days, 45 °C) using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Emulsions with GMO produced smaller average droplet sizes (180.0 nm) with a narrower distribution (polydispersity index of 0.161) compared to the controls (197.6 nm, 0.194). The emulsion stability of instantized emulsions was as good as bulk GMO, which were both better than controls. Based on the relative abundance of 3-octen-2-one, 2,4-heptadienal isomer 2, and 3,5-octadien-2-one isomer 1, the oxidative stability of the instantized emulsions was not significantly different from controls; however, bulk GMO emulsion showed significantly lower stability than controls. Instantized GMO powders can successfully produce physically stable protein-stabilized emulsions with good oxidative stability in a convenient powdered format.

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Saputri, Virda, Wahyudi Sutopo, Muhammad Hisjam, and Azanizawati Ma’aram. "Sustainable Agri-Food Supply Chain Performance Measurement Model for GMO and Non-GMO Using Data Envelopment Analysis Method." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (March 21, 2019): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061199.

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The increase in food demand in Indonesia is one of the consequences of the imbalance between population growth and declining food products. One of alternative technologies that can be used in plant breeding programs to increase agricultural production, in order to meet food demands, is genetically modified organism (GMO) technology. This technology presents a lot of pros and cons among the public-related impacts that will be accepted by consumers. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of sustainability between GMO and non-GMO foods. The performance measurement model for GMO and non-GMO foods was considered according to the seven issues of sustainability that represented environmental, social, and economic aspects. The assessment method was conducted by using Adjusted Profit (AP) with Total Price Recovery (TPR) indicators and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) by utilizing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Method. Assessments made on each supply chain component included agriculture, processing, and transport to wholesalers/retailers. This study used numerical examples of rice production in Indonesia. The research results found that the performance of non-GMO rice chain is better than GMO rice. It indicates that non-GMO rice is more sustainable. The results show that the proposed model can be applied to measure the sustainability of GMO and Non-GMO agri-food supply chain performance.

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SMITH, PAMELA J., BOLORMAA JAMIYANSUREN, AKINORI KITSUKI, JOOYOUNG YANG, and JAESEOK LEE. "Determinants of Comparative Advantage in GMO Intensive Industries." World Trade Review 17, no. 3 (July 20, 2017): 427–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745617000180.

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AbstractThis paper examines the supply-side determinants of international trade in crops that are intensive in genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The theoretical framework is a variant of the Heckscher–Ohlin model, which we estimate using cross-country data for 1995 and 2010 to examine soybeans, maize, and cotton trade. The data include measures of country land endowments, which we disaggregate into GMO and non-GMO components, as well as recently released measures of GMO regulations. Findings show land endowments are a primary source of comparative advantage in GMO intensive industries before and after the advent of GMOs. Further, an increase in a country's allocation of land to GMO crops has a positive effect on her net exports in GMO intensive industries. This positive effect occurs both across countries and time. Finally, a country's GMO regulations have a negligible effect as a supply-side determinant of comparative advantage. However, a country's decision about whether to adopt GMO technologies does matter to trade. These findings are robust with respect to a variety of considerations.

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Novikova, Ramilya G. "Legal regulation in the field of genetically modified organisms (GMO) turnover in Russia and foreign countries." RUDN Journal of Law 25, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 32–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2021-25-1-32-66.

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One of the most relevant issues, which todays society face is the use of advanced technologies in the field of GMO and GM-food. Taking a look at the world map of law we can see diverse legal regulation of GMO turnover, especially in the context of regulation and control of genomic studies and their practical application, risk assessment of uncontrollable GMO spreading and technologies of genetic editing of organisms including at the level of research planning. The comparative legal analysis of foreign regulation (including in dominant jurisdictions), provided in this article allows revealing those distinctions, determining the basic tendencies in GMO legal development and connected products with GMO components, including the matters of control with regard to GMO turnover. The analysis allowed drawing several recommendations on borrowing foreign experience for the sake of revising Russian regulation, i.e., taking regulatory measures to develop the relevant sphere of social relationships - legal acts, governmental decrees, etc. oriented towards the development of biotechnologies, raising confidence of citizens in genetics, stimulation of GMO production efficiency, and innovative development. Russia is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU); therefore, the article discusses the national laws of these countries concerning GMO and contains recommendations for harmonizing the legal framework of the supranational level in the field of GMO turnover.

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Novak, Petra Kralj, Kristina Gruden, Dany Morisset, Nada Lavrač, Dejan Štebih, Ana Rotter, and Jana Žel. "GMOtrack: Generator of Cost-Effective GMO Testing Strategies." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 1739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.6.1739.

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Abstract Commercialization of numerous genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has already been approved worldwide, and several additional GMOs are in the approval process. Many countries have adopted legislation to deal with GMO-related issues such as food safety, environmental concerns, and consumers' right of choice, making GMO traceability a necessity. The growing extent of GMO testing makes it important to study optimal GMO detection and identification strategies. This paper formally defines the problem of routine laboratory-level GMO tracking as a cost optimization problem, thus proposing a shift from the same strategy for all samples to sample-centered GMO testing strategies. An algorithm (GMOtrack) for finding optimal two-phase (screeningidentification) testing strategies is proposed. The advantages of cost optimization with increasing GMO presence on the market are demonstrated, showing that optimization approaches to analytic GMO traceability can result in major cost reductions. The optimal testing strategies are laboratory-dependent, as the costs depend on prior probabilities of local GMO presence, which are exemplified on food and feed samples. The proposed GMOtrack approach, publicly available under the terms of the General Public License, can be extended to other domains where complex testing is involved, such as safety and quality assurance in the food supply chain.

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Chmielewski, Jarosław, Ewa Ochwanowska, Małgorzata Czarny-Działak, and Jarogniew J. Łuszczki. "Genetically modified foods in the opinion of the second-year students of biology, biotechnology and tourism and recreation of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce – a preliminary study." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2017-0031.

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Abstract The aim of this work was to assess knowledge of and to identify awareness in second-year students of biology, biotechnology and tourism and recreation, regarding the use of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in food. The analysis of obtained results shows that about 98% of respondents know the concept of GMO and highly appreciate their knowledge of this topic. The main source of knowledge about GMO for the students is the Internet and the University. It is worth noting that 59% of respondents are aware of the use of GMO in food, while more than half do not know how the GMO in food should be labeled. In particular, students of biotechnology showed a distinctive knowledge about GMO. Over half of students of the Jan Kochanowski University in the fields of biology, biotechnology, and tourism and recreation (55%) recognized that the use of GMO poses a threat to human health.

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Ackermann, Robert F., and James L. Lear. "Glycolysis-Induced Discordance between Glucose Metabolic Rates Measured with Radiolabeled Fluorodeoxyglucose and Glucose." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 9, no. 6 (December 1989): 774–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1989.111.

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We have developed an autoradiographic method for estimating the oxidative and glycolytic components of local CMRglc (LCMRglc), using sequentially administered [18F]fIuorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and [14C]-6-glucose (GLC). FDG-6-phosphate accumulation is proportional to the rate of glucose phosphorylation, which occurs before the divergence of glycolytic ( GMg) and oxidative ( GMo) glucose metabolism and is therefore related to total cerebral glucose metabolism GMt: GMg + GMo = GMt. With oxidative metabolism, the 14C label of GLC is temporarily retained in Krebs cycle-related substrate pools. We hypothesize that with glycolytic metabolism, however, a significant fraction of the 14C label is lost from the brain via lactate production and efflux from the brain. Thus, cerebral GLC metabolite concentration may be more closely related to GMo than to GMt If true, the glycolytic metabolic rate will be related to the difference between FDG- and GLC-derived LCMRglc. Thus far, we have studied normal awake rats, rats with limbic activation induced by kainic acid (KA), and rats visually stimulated with 16-Hz flashes. In KA-treated rats, significant discordance between FDG and GLC accumulation, which we attribute to glycolysis, occurred only in activated limbic structures. In visually stimulated rats, significant discordance occurred only in the optic tectum.

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Matsumoto, Shigeru. "Consumers' Valuation of GMO Segregation Programs in Japan." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 38, no. 1 (April 2006): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800022161.

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The contingent valuation method was used to elicit Japanese consumers' willingness-to-pay for genetically modified organism (GMO) segregation programs. The results revealed that most consumers pay nonnegligible premiums for products produced under strict GMO-segregation programs. However, we found that the premium did not vary by the threshold level of GMO content in the product. We further found that a government certification did not increase the premium for GMO-segregation programs. Therefore, an additional mandatory regulation to reduce GMO contaminations would not be worthwhile because such a regulation would incur substantial enforcement costs.

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Cassiday, Laura. "The GMO labeling law." INFORM: International News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials 27, no. 10 (November 1, 2016): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/inform.11.2016.32.

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Żmijewska, Ewelina. "Badania nad bezpieczeństwem GMO." Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, no. 287 (November 30, 2019): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37317/biul-2019-0112.

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Zgodnie z prawodawstwem Unii Europejskiej rośliny zmodyfikowane genetycznie, przed wprowadzeniem na rynek muszą zostać ocenione pod względem bezpieczeństwa dla zdrowia ludzi, zdrowia zwierząt i środowiska. Jedyną rośliną GM, autoryzowaną do uprawy w Unii Europejskiej jest kukurydza MON810. Zawiera ona gen cry1Ab z bakterii glebowej Bacillus thuringensis, warunkujący ekspresję białka Cry1Ab. Kukurydza jest często uprawiana w monokulturze, istnieje więc ryzyko akumulacji białka Cry1Ab w glebie w wyniku wieloletniej uprawy.

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Sax, Joanna K. "The GMO/GE Debate." Texas A&M Law Review 4, no. 3 (May 2017): 345–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v4.i3.2.

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We live longer and healthier lives because advances in science create easier and better ways to sustain and survive. Society has an intricate relationship with biotechnology. Vaccines save lives. Fluoridated water decreases dental issues. Antibiotics treat bacterial infections. Nuclear power is a form of clean energy. With any emerging technology, the benefits do not exist in a vacuum, thus, negative consequences result as well. Our widespread uses of antibiotics are creating antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Our research into nuclear energy also facilitated the creation of nuclear bombs. Perhaps it is human nature to use scientific advances for good and for bad. Acknowledging the reality that advances in science lead to both positive and negative consequences, we have to analyze the trade-offs in order to implement sound policy.Food from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and genetically engineered (GE) food (collectively “GE”) provides a prime example where advances in biotechnology are available to address a variety of issues in our food supply. GE food is in a major cross-hair in the public debate—although much of the public debate fails to fully acknowledge the contours of issues facing our food supply and the environment, and so it is in a sense a misguided public debate. Disconnect between the public debate and scientific knowledge is not new; unfortunately, many examples exist to highlight the scientific community’s failure to fully educate the public. The GE debate appears to have an added layer of complexity: mass marketing to consumers suggesting that GE food is unsafe, harmful and bad for the planet. These marketing campaigns engage emotion, for example, that consumption of GE food will harm children. These anti-GE marketing campaigns prey on the emotions of the consumers, as many marketing campaigns do. This swelling of the emotional response to GE foods is very difficult to overcome. This Article attempts to provide context and scientific support for discussing the challenges to our food supply. Addressing the issues in our food supply is critical, but the discussion has to be based on facts—and these facts must inform our regulatory policies. To do this, this Article provides an overview of the scientific literature on conventional and GE food, attempts to understand the emotional response to GE food, and provides a frame of focus for regulatory policies.

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Falleri, E. "Generally Mysterious Objects (GMO)." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 2, no. 3 (September 21, 2005): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0310-002.

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Settele, Josef, and Wiebke Zueghart. "GMO environmental impact monitoring." BioRisk 8 (August 8, 2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.8.5949.

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Dorey, Emma. "GMO panic affects drugs." Nature Biotechnology 17, no. 10 (October 1999): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/13598.

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Hodgson, John. "Pro-GMO ministers sidelined." Nature Biotechnology 17, no. 11 (November 1999): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/15000.

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Dorey, Emma. "GMO backlash hits US." Nature Biotechnology 17, no. 10 (October 1999): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/13609.

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