Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'GMO'

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1

Petruškevičiūtė, Erika. "Genetiškai modifikuotų organizmų gamybos ir naudojimo teisinis reguliavimas bei įtaka aplinkai ir visuomenei." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140603_111446-84625.

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Magistro baigiamajame darbe atskleista, kad daugelis respondentų yra neapsisprendę dėl savo pozicijos GMO gamybos bei naudojimo atžvilgiu, tačiau beveik trečdalis asmenų GMO gamybai bei naudojimui nepritaria. Dauguma gyventojų mano, kad GMO ne tik kenkia žmogaus sveikatai, bet ir yra pavojingi, taip pat kenkia aplinkai, o GMO turinčių produktų naudojimas gali negrįžtamai pakeisti genetinį žmogaus kodą ir augalų bei gyvūnų populiacijose gali sukelti negrįžtamus mutacinius pokyčius. Vis dėlto GMO produkciją kai kurie gyventojai linkę naudoti dėl mažesnės jų kainos ir ilgesnio vartojimo galiojimo termino. Nors kai kurie respondentai ir buvo įsitikinę GMO teikiama nauda bei tolimesniu GMO gamybos bei naudojimo plitimu ateityje, tačiau beveik visi respondentai buvo įsitikinę ir tuo, jog GMO gamyba bei naudojimu labiausiai suinteresuotos yra kuo didesnio pelno siekiančios monopolinės kampanijos. Vienareikšmiškai galima teigti, jog nors gyventojai apie GMO informacijos daugiausiai ir gauna iš televizijos laidų, pokalbių su draugais pažįstamais ar giminaičiais bei iš spaudos leidinių arba naršydami internete, tačiau tos informacijos kiekis yra nepakankamas ir daugiau kaip pusė respondentų norėtų, jog informacijos apie GMO būtų pateikiama daugiau.
The Master’s final paper on GMO discovered that the majority of respondents have no strong opinion about production and use of GMO, but one third of responses on production and use of GMO were negative. Many people consider that GMO not only negatively affect human health, but also damage environment. Moreover, eating genetically-modified food can irreversibly change human’s genetic code as well as irreversible mutations in plants’ and animals’ populations. However, some people tend to use GM foods because they are cheaper and can be stored longer than other foods. Even though some of the respondents see benefits of GMO production and usage, almost all of the respondents claim that genetically engineered products interest mostly large companies that are seeking to profit from GMO. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that people learn about GMO from mass media and communicating with friends and relatives mostly, but they also admit the lack of credible information on GMO. More than a half of the respondents would like to receive more information about genetically modified organisms.
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Buganauskaitė, Ineta. "Drabužių kolekcija "SOS! GMO!"." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100903_124056-32955.

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Bakalauro darbas „SOS! GMO!” atspindi šių dienų aktualijas, paliesdamas visuomenei svarbų klausimą apie genetiškai modifikuotų organizmų poveikį augmenijai ir gyvūnijai. Pirmame skyriuje analizuojama genetiškai modifikuotų organizmų plėtra pasaulyje, nagrinėjami teigiami ir neigiami GMO aspektai, pristatoma mokslininkų nuomonė, apie vartojamų GM produktų pavojų ne tik vabzdžių, bet ir žinduolių sveikatai. Remiantis atliktų tyrimų duomenimis su gyvūnais, numatoma, kad ateities kartos gali išsigimti ir tapti nevaisingomis. Antrame darbo skyriuje nagrinėjami įvairių menininkų sukurti darbai, kuriuose refleksuojamos ekosistemos problemos, pateikiami vizualūs skulptūros, keramikos, grafikos, baldų dizaino, fotomontažų, žemės meno, drabužių dizaino pavyzdžiai vaizdžiai parodantys autorių pozicija šiuo klausimu. Trečiajame skyriuje pagrindžiama drabužių kolekcijos idėja. Pateikiami vizualūs meniniai ieškojimai, technologiniai mėginiai, brėžiniai. Taip pat įvykdytos kolekcijos fotosesijos ir planšeto nuotraukos. Ketvirtame skyriuje aptariamos sukurtos darbužių kolekcijos realizavimo galimybės , taip pat pateikiama kolekcijos sąmata. Drabužių neplanuojama parduoti greitu metu, nes norima ją papildyti ir dalyvauti madų renginiuose, taip garsinti dizainerės vardą. Įgyvendintų modelių savikaina yra 866,79 Lt, pardavimo kaina – 948,41 Lt, planuojamas pelnas 82 Lt. Išanalizuota informacija suteikė galimybę sukurti drabužių kolekciją „SOS! GMO!“, kurioje interpretuojamas genetiškai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Bachelor work “SOS! GMO!” reflects nowadays realities addressing the public about the important issue of genetically modified organisms on the flora and fauna. The development of genetically modified organisms in the world is analized in the first section and also the positive and negative aspects of GMO`s are examined. Moreover, scientists opinion on the risk of GM products not only for insects but for mammalian health is represented. According to studies conducted in animals, it is envisaged that future generations can degrade and become infertile. Created works of various artists are dealt in the second section where ecosystem problems are reflexed. The visual sculptures, ceramics, graphics, furniture design, montages, land art, clothing design examples illustrating the authors` position on this issue are introduced. The third section justified the idea of clothing collection. The visual artistic designs, technological samples, drawings are given. Furthermore, the collection of photo sessions and flatbed photo are fulfilled. The fourth chapter deals with outlets of the created clothing collection and also an estimate of the collection provided. The clothes are not planed to sell in a short time due to the fact that it is intended to accession the collection and participate in fashion events. It helps to glorify the name of the designer. The cost of implemental models is 866,79 Lt, sale price - 948,41 Lt, expected profit - 82 Lt. The analysis of information helped to... [to full text]
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3

Åsén, Anna. "Den samhälleliga konstruktionen av GMO : Är GMO risk eller möjlighet i arbetet mot hunger?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-173415.

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I uppsatsen undersöks hur genetiska grödor uppfattas i sammanhanget av dem som en lösning på hungerfrågan. Analysens material består av artiklar publicerade i svensk dagspress från januari 2008 till och med november 2011. De artiklar som ingått i studien har alla berört hungerfrågan och hur gentekniken kan påverka denna. I uppsatsen har analysmetoden kritisk diskursanalys använts, denna har kompletterats med biopolitiskt teori. Frågeställningar i uppsatsen var;Vilka diskurser finns i tal om GMO som lösning på hungerfrågan? Hur konstrueras dessa diskurser? Hur kan dessa diskursers effekter på samhället förstås ur ett biopolitiskt perspektiv?Analysen visar att det råder en motståndsdiskurs mot GMO som lösning på hungerfrågan och en förespråkande diskurs. Den förespråkande diskursen har konstruerats genom en mängd möjlighetsdiskurser om GMO. Motståndsdiskursen har konstruerats genom riskdiskurser, men även möjlighetsdiskurser i form av ekologiska diskurser och diskurser om välfärd. Ur ett biopolitiskt perspektiv framstår inte den genmodifierade grödans vara eller icke-varande som fullt så betydelsefull för hungerfrågan som låts påskina i texterna, istället framstår biomakten som avgörande för hungerfrågan. Då Foucault menar att orättvisor, ojämlikhet och segregation är en del av biomakten (2002:142) därigenom kan frågan ställas om existensen av GMO eller dess motstånd löser hungerfrågan.
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Sundin, Charlotta. "Risker med GMO i jordbruket." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2934.

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The world is growing more and more genetically modified (or engineered) crops (GM crops). In Argentina farmers grow almost only GM soy, and no conventional soy. It is a controversial subject, since genetic engineering has many advocates and critics. The positive sides of GM crops are that it can create higher yields and incomes for the farmers. Those are the main objects of growing GM crops. Critics, on the other hand, say that GM crops have bad effects on the environment, and the risks could be too high. For example GM crops can spread to neighboring farms, where organic crops are growing. Many scientists claim that nobody really have enough knowledge of the effects of growing GM crops, and therefore thorough risk assessments are needed to examine the effects and possible risks of growing GM crops before starting to grow them. Politicians, too often, make decisions on false scientific grounds, when they claim that genetic engineering is a safe and precise method. The large corporations developing GMOs are heavily influencing political decision making. Scientists have studied the genetic engineering process and the results show that the method is not precise. It is difficult to know exactly what gene is transferred, and where it ends up. It is also important to discuss the precautionary principle in the decision making process.

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Našlėnė, Žilvinė. "Farmacininkų požiūrio į GMO vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20140625_190108-18890.

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Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti vaistinių darbuotojų požiūrį į GMO. Tikslo įgyvendinimui iškelti 3 uždaviniai – įvertinti vaistinių darbuotojų žinias apie GMO, įvertinti vaistinių darbuotojų požiūrį į GMO riziką aplinkai ir žmonių sveikatai bei gautus rezultatus palyginti su 2009 m. ”Spinter“ visuomenės požiūrio į GMO tyrimais. Metodika. Atlikta anoniminė vaistinų darbuotojų anketinė apklausa. Apklausta 150 respondentų: 75 iš Vilniaus miesto ir 75 iš Ukmergės ir Šakių miestų. Duomenų statistinė analizė buvo atlikta panaudojus statistinį duomenų paketą SPSS/w 15 panaudojant tradicinius statistinius metodus. Rezultatai. Tiriant vaistinių darbuotojų nuomonę apie GMO buvo nustatyta, kad 67,3 proc. respondentų nuomonė apie GMO buvo neigiama. Pakankamai apie GMO ir GMP žinojo 14 proc. respondentų, 60 proc. respondentų šiek tiek žinojo apie GMO ar GMP, tačiau norėjo informacijos gauti daugiau. 46,0 proc. respondentų mano, kad gyvuliai šeriami užsienyje pagamintais GM pašarais. 41 proc. manė, kad gyvuliai šeriami GM pašarais, pagamintais iš Lietuvoje užaugintų kultūrų. Dauguma respondentų – 64,7 proc. teigė, kad norėtų turėti teisę rinktis perkant ir vartojant GMO. Nenorėtų vartoti GM maisto 58,0 proc. respondentų, o 48,7 proc. – GM maistą vartotų tik tada, jei būtų įrodymų, kad jis yra nekenksmingas. Dauguma vaistinių darbuotojų manė, kad maisto papildais turi prekiauti tik vaistinės. Taip pat dauguma pasisakė, kad maisto papildų reikšmė mitybai per daug sureikšminta bei išryškėjo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The aim of this study was to assess the approach to GMO’s of drugstore’s worker’s. In order to realize the overall aim, three goals were established: to assess the knowledge of drugstore’s worker’s about GMO; to assess the drugstore’s worker’s approach to GMO risk to the environment and human health; to compare the results with the study of “Spinter” where was evaluated publics approach to GMO’s 2009. Methods. Drugstore’s workers were interviewed by anonymous questionnaire. 150 respondents were interviewed in total: 75 from Vilnius and 75 from Ukmergė and Šakiai. The results were processed using the statistical package SPSS/w 15 and traditional statistic methods. Results. Exploring the drugstore’s worker’s opinion about GMO, there was found that the opinion about GMO was negative of 67,3% of respondents. 14% of respondents knew about GMO and GMP enough, 60% of respondents knew about GMO just a little, but wanted to get more information. 46% of respondents thought that live stocks are foddering with GM fodders which are made abroad. 41% of respondents thought that live stocks are foddering with GM fodders which are made from cultures witch were grown in Lithuania. Most of respondents – 64,7% assumed that they would like to have a right to choose while buying and using GMO. 58% of respondents wouldn’t want to use GM food, 48,7% of respondents – would use GM food only if they had the evidences that GMO is no harmful. Most of drugstores’ workers suggested that food additives... [to full text]
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6

Vyletová, Veronika. "Pravomoc Evropské unie regulovat GMO." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-204069.

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The thesis is devoted to legal regulation of genetically modified food and feed in the European Union. It tries to answer the question: whether and how to regulate use of GMO and the future of the regulation. Considerations are supplemented by European jurisprudence. The work also provides dispute between the European Union and the World Trade Organization concerning the adjustment of the use of genetically modified organisms. Based on available information, thesis leads to inviolable of the protection of the European consumers after the effectiveness of the Transatlantic trade and investment partnership between the European Union and the United States.
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7

Crnkovich, Erin. "GMO: Friend or Foe? An Analysis of the GMO Debate with Special Focus on India." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23921.

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Approximately thirty years after their inception, the use of genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, remains contentious. Often, proponents of their use contend that the potential of GMOs to mitigate poverty and hunger in the “developing world” outweighs concerns in the “developed world” about their potential risks. This line of argument simultaneously decontextualizes poverty in the “developing world” from its multi-faceted roots in favor of a simple technological fix and precludes the possibility of anti-GMO sentiment that originates within the “developing world” itself. Focusing on India, I first shed light on the history of applying such simple technological fixes to the problem of hunger and then utilize textual analysis to explore varying perspectives on GMOs in order to make a case for why debates focusing on an objective “goodness” or “badness” of GMOs miss the point.
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Kihlén, Martin. "Regleringen av växtförädling med GMO och GMO-liknande metoder : En analys av de nuvarande kontrollverktygen inom svensk rätt." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254011.

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9

Johansson, Anders. "Risk and Responsibility in the GMO Discourse." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1855.

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An application of biotechnology that has been rapidly matured under the last ten years is genetically modified food. The deliberative release of GMO faces the challenge of complying with sustainable development and implies a precautionary approach to all possible risk involved. This study purpose is to investigate the problems of risks concerning deliberative release of GMO and to define the question of responsibility. These two themes, risk and responsibility, are discussed in relation to society, citizens, corporations andscience. A more profound understanding of the relation between risk and responsibility in the GMO context could contribute to the sensitivity and deliberation in bio-politics, so it better can cope with democratic governance, public debate and risk deliberations.

Politicians and other decisions-makers have a responsibility to assure that they have sufficient knowledge and understanding for the issue at hand before taking any decision. A responsible bio-politics departs from the precautionary principle in decisions making, gaining knowledge in dialogue with concerned GMO actors and tries to correspond to sustainable development. Hence, knowledge and understanding is needed which are reached in dialogue with other parties in order to allowed values, attitudes and knowledge to be deliberate more extensively.

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Ekstam, Emma. "Ancient patterns - Modern technology." Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk Design & Illustration, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-4686.

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Jag har gjort en serie mönster som handlar om genetiskt modifierade grödor och djur. Eftersom mytbildningarna kring gentekniken löper amok, har jag haft svårighet att fastställa fakta. Jag har därför valt att hänge mig åt fantasin. Den bildvärld jag försökt skapa handlar om att vistas i gränslandet mellan fakta och fiktion utan att kunna få några klara svar.Jag har velat hitta en spänning mellan en vacker och dekorativ yta och ett makabert innehåll. Mönstret är vackert att se på till en början för att vid en närmare titt avslöja mindre behagliga detaljer.Till mina mönster har jag hämtat inspiration från medeltida symbolik och bildkonsten kring sekelskiftet år 1500, då nya kontinenter och kulturer upptäcktes. Jorden hade varit platt, plötsligt var den rund. Mänskligheten hade varit centrum av universum, plötsligtbefann vi oss i periferin.Nu som då står mänskligheten inför stora förändringar. Vi har inga fler kontinenter att upptäcka, men jag tror att genteknikens framsteg kommer innebära minst lika omvälvande förändringar.
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Beijer, Cathrine. "Tekniken som skrämmer : En artikelserie om genmodifierade grödor och attityden till genteknik." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Communication, Media and it, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3382.

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Åsikterna om de genmodifierade grödorna går isär. Där forskaren ser en möjlighet ser skeptikernen risk. Många menar att gentekniken bara är en förlängning av den konventionellaväxtförädlingen, men en oro finns ändå hos svenskarna för att de genmodifierade grödorna kanpåverka ekosystemet negativt. Biodlaren Marie Rosell tror att grödorna kan påverka människoroch djurs hälsa och efterlyser mer forskning på området. Men inom EU går en allt mer positivinställning till GMO att skymta, i dagarna godkändes den första genmodifierade grödan på tolvår.

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Valentin, Luc. "Welfare impacts of GMO adoption along the marketing chain." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/257.

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Levidow, L. "Contested rationality : early regulation of GMO releases in Britain." n.p, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/.

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Levidow, Les. "Contested rationality : early regulation of GMO releases in Britain." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57442/.

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This thesis analyses the development of safety regulation for the intentional release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) between 19 89-92, especially in Britain in its European context, and by contrast to the USA. The thesis emphasizes the practical dilemmas of GMO regulation in accommodating uncertainties about public unease and environmental harm. It serves as a case study of safety regulation as a constructed rationality, of national regulatory styles, and of environmental precaution. In anticipating hazards prior to evidence of harm, GMO regulation had a contested 'rational' basis. Regulators encountered disputes in defining the risk problem, in establishing risk-management institutions, and in reducing scientific uncertainty about potential harm. Insofar as GMO regulation had a precautionary content, it undermined the 'rational' stereotype of risk-assessment steps. Both the precautionary potential and its limits derived from the project of overcoming obstacles to a biotechnology market. This meant symbolically normalizing GMOs as benign products, while specifying testable ecological uncertainties rooted in some naturalistic analogy. Technical 'risk' abstracted potential harm from issues of socioagronomic control which underlay the earlier environmental controversy. The thesis argues for recasting theoretical models of safety regulation as a 'technical' or 'procedural' rationality. GMO regulation contained poles of tension which such theoretical models attribute to antagonistic rationalities. Broadly speaking, the regulatory system was managing an internal contradiction between social legitimacy and commercialization. The difficulties of GMO regulation arose from its implicit role in legitimizing biotechnology, by default of any democratic procedure for adjudicating a contentious technoscientific development.
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Li, Hanzhe. "Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining on Twitter with GMO Keyword." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25787.

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Twitter are a new source of information for data mining techniques. Messages posted through Twitter provide a major information source to gauge public sentiment on topics ranging from politics to fashion trends. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Twitter tweets to discern the opinions of users regarding Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). We examine the effectiveness of several classifiers, Multinomial Na?ve Bayes, Bernoulli Na?ve Bayes, Logistic Regression and Linear Support Vector Classifier (SVC) in identifying a positive, negative or neutral category on a tweet corpus. Additionally, we use three datasets in this experiment to examine which dataset has the best score. Comparing the classifiers, we discovered that GMO_NDSU has the highest score in each classifier of my experiment among three datasets, and Linear SVC had the highest consistent accuracy by using bigrams as feature extraction and Term Frequency, Chi Square as feature selection.
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Altif, Jessica Racine. "Engineering a new form of enclosure international convergence in GMO regulation /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2010. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0003021.

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Altif, Jessica. "ENGINEERING A NEW FORM OF ENCLOSURE: INTERNATIONAL CONVERGENCE IN GMO REGULATION." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2990.

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As society begins to recognize its impact on ecological systems, the belief that modern political institutions can offer a sense of control and certainty, as well as protect the health of its citizens, is increasingly questioned. In an era of uncertainty, faith in science and technology to alleviate industrial impacts on the environment is often embraced by policymakers yet questioned by the public who see the authoritative role of the sciences in the political sphere as contributing to global risk. The development of biotechnology, specifically genetically modified food, places an anthropocentric focus on resolving and/or adapting to environmental degradation, further reflecting an adherence to the dominant social paradigm to address the consequences of modernization. In order to explicate the dualism of human/nature relations inherent in biotechnology, the focus of this research provides an exploration into two competing paradigms of genetically modified organism (GMO) regulatory policy: scientific rationality and social rationality. Through a careful examination of the evolution of GMO regulation in the United States and the European Union, the precarious relationships between science and politics and progress and precaution reveal an actual convergence instead of divergence between these two actors in the international system. Although existing literature proclaims a division between the values and ethics of U.S. and EU environmental policy, the end result of this comparison in GMO regulation illustrates that in both the risk assessment and precautionary approaches, nature is still viewed as an instrument for advancing enclosure of the commons.
M.A.
Department of Political Science
Sciences
Political Science MA
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18

Frost, Carolyn. "Covering the GMO issue : an overview for South African science reporters." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52175.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim and function of this paper is to provide a balanced account of how the media, international and South African, have dealt with the issue of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). A selection of interviews, presentations, articles, transcripts and published reports forms the background of this interpretation, and offers insight into the history of the technology, the major role players, the legislation required and implemented, the question of environmental accountability, and the power of the media's influence. It addresses aspects of the causal relationship between the media and public understanding, and the subsequent power of the consumer as manifested by the perception of risk. The central theme of genetic engineering conjures up a variety of meanings and applications, and the plethora of available information is evaluated in an attempt to develop informed understanding for reporters covering the many dimensions of this development within the arena of science and technology.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om 'n ewewigtige oorsig te verstrek van hoe die media - Suid-Afrikaans sowel as internasionaal - die kwessie van geneties gemodifiseerde organismes gehanteer het. 'n Seleksie onderhoude, aanbiedinge, artikels, transkripsies, en gepubliseerde verslae vorm die basis van hierdie interpretasie, en verskaf 'n insig in die geskiedenis van die tegnologie, die belangrike rolspelers, nodige en géimplementeerde wetgewing, die vraag van omgewingstoerekenbaarheid, en die mag van die media se invloed. Dit spreek aspekte aan van die kousale verwantskap tussen die media en begrip deur die algemene publiek, en die daaropvolgende mag van die verbruiker, soos dit duidelik word in hulle insig in en begrip van die risiko-faktor. Die sentrale tema van genetiese modifisering bring te voorskyn 'n verskeidenheid betekenisse en aanwendings; en 'n oorsig van die massa beskikbare inligting word hier aangebied in 'n poging om aan verslaggewers ingeligte begrip aan te bied van die veelsydige omvang van die ontwikkeling van genetiese modifisering in die gebied van wetenskap en tegnologie.
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Zhu, Xiaolin. "Microbiological non-GMO approaches for the reduction of ethanol in wines." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672972.

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Com que l’augment del contingut d’etanol en el vi ha cridat molt l’atenció, la recerca de vi saludable i baix en alcohol ha instat els investigadors a trobar maneres de reduir el contingut d’etanol en el vi. L’objectiu d’aquest treball és la selecció i aplicació d’espècies de llevat no Saccharomyces per reduir el contingut d’etanol. Aquest objectiu general es pot dividir en els tres objectius específics següents: Un mètode ràpid per analitzar les espècies de llevats no Saccharomyces amb un baix rendiment d’etanol. Aquest estudi proposava un mètode ràpid per a la detecció de llevats amb un baix rendiment d’etanol a partir de 45 soques de llevat no Saccharomyces, pertanyents a 19 espècies. Aquest mètode va incloure dos passos i es va completar en 5 dies per obtenir els llevats seleccionats. L’efecte d’un multiestart no Saccharomyces sobre la reducció de l’etanol i la dinàmica de la població de llevats, utilitzant diferents ràtios i estratègies d’inoculació. Com a arrencador únic, les tres soques (de M. pulcherrima, T. delbrueckii i Z.baili) poden reduir el contingut d’etanol al vi. Per tal d’assolir l’estratègia d’inoculació adequada, es van utilitzar les tres soques com a multistarter en fermentacions coinoculades o seqüencials amb S. cerevisiae a diferents relacions d’inòcul. La reducció de l’etanol per part de determinades espècies de llevats no Saccharomyces i Saccharomyces cerevisiae evolucionades. Es van utilitzar dues soques de llevat seleccionades no Saccharomyces d’espècies de M. pulcherrima i L. thermotolerans i tres soques de S. cerevisiae evolucionades (evolucionades en condicions d’isobutanol o amb alt contingut de sucre), en fermentacions inoculades simultànies i seqüencials per avaluar la seva capacitat per reduir el contingut alcohòlic. Conclusions Les soques de les espècies de M. pulcherrima, T. delbrueckii i Z. bailii van aconseguir una reducció més alta del rendiment d’etanol (1,39, 0,84 i 1,02% (v / v), respectivament) quan s’utilitzaven en la fermentació amb S. cerevisiae, sent M. pulcherrima l’espècie amb la reducció més alta d’etanol (1,44% (v / v)) obtinguda en totes les condicions provades.
Dado que el aumento del contenido de etanol en el vino ha atraído mucha atención, la búsqueda de un vino saludable y con bajo contenido de alcohol ha instado a los investigadores a encontrar formas de reducir el contenido de etanol en el vino. El objetivo de este trabajo es la selección y aplicación de especies de levadura distintas de Saccharomyces para reducir el contenido de etanol. Este objetivo general se puede dividir en los siguientes tres objetivos específicos: Un método rápido para seleccionar especies de levadura distintas de Saccharomyces con un bajo rendimiento de etanol. Este estudio proponía un método rápido para seleccionar levaduras con bajo rendimiento de etanol de 45 cepas de levadura no Saccharomyces, pertenecientes a 19 especies. Este método incluyó dos pasos y se completó en 5 días para obtener las levaduras seleccionadas. El efecto de un arranque múltiple no Saccharomyces sobre la reducción de etanol y la dinámica de la población de levaduras, utilizando diferentes relaciones y estrategias de inoculación. Como iniciador único, las tres cepas (de las especies M. pulcherrima, T. delbrueckii y Z.baili) pueden reducir el contenido de etanol en el vino. Con el fin de lograr la estrategia de inoculación adecuada, las tres cepas se utilizaron como iniciador múltiple en fermentaciones co-inoculadas o secuenciales con S. cerevisiae en diferentes proporciones de inóculo. La reducción de etanol por especies de levadura no Saccharomyces seleccionadas y Saccharomyces cerevisiae evolucionada. Dos cepas de levadura no Saccharomyces seleccionadas de especies de M. pulcherrima y L. thermotolerans y tres cepas de S. cerevisiae evolucionadas seleccionadas (desarrolladas en condiciones de isobutanol o alto contenido de azúcar), se utilizaron en fermentaciones inoculadas simultáneas y secuenciales para evaluar su capacidad para reducir el contenido de alcohol. Conclusiones Las cepas de las especies M. pulcherrima, T. delbrueckii y Z. bailii lograron mayores reducciones en el rendimiento de etanol (1,39, 0,84 y 1,02% (v / v), respectivamente) cuando se utilizaron en fermentación con S. cerevisiae, siendo M. pulcherrima la especie con la mayor reducción de etanol (1,44% (v / v)) obtenida en todas las condiciones analizadas.
As the increase in ethanol content in wine has attracted much attention, the pursuit of health and low-alcohol wine has urged researchers to find ways to reduce the ethanol content in wine. The aim of this work is the selection and application of non-Saccharomyces yeast species to reduce ethanol content. This general goal can be divided into the following three specific objectives: A rapid method to screen non-Saccharomyces yeast species with a low ethanol yield. This study was to propose a rapid method to screen yeasts with a low ethanol yield from 45 non-Saccharomyces yeast strains, belonging to 19 species. This method included two steps and was complete in 5 days to obtain the selected yeasts. The effect of a non-Saccharomyces multistarter on ethanol reduction and yeast population dynamics, using different inoculation ratios and strategies. As a single starter, all three strains (from M. pulcherrima, T.delbrueckii and Z.baili species) can reduce ethanol content in wine. In order to achieve the appropriate inoculation strategy, the three strains were used as a multistarter in co-inoculated or sequential fermentations with S. cerevisiae at different inoculum ratios. The ethanol reduction by selected non-Saccharomyces yeast species and evolved Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two selected non-Saccharomyces yeast strains from M. pulcherrima and L. thermotolerans species and three selected evolved S. cerevisiae strains (evolved on iso-butanol or high sugar conditions), were used in simultaneous and sequential inoculated fermentations to evaluate their ability to reduce the alcohol content. Conclusions Strains from M. pulcherrima, T. delbrueckii and Z. bailii species achieved higher ethanol yield reductions (1.39, 0.84 and 1.02% (v/v), respectively) when used in fermentation with S. cerevisiae, being M. pulcherrima the species with the highest ethanol reduction (1.44% (v/v)) obtained in all tested conditions.
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Nekovařík, Tomáš. "Aktivity zájmových skupin v oblasti GMO: případová studie geneticky modifikované kukuřice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192711.

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This thesis deals with promoting of the interests in the area of genetically modified organisms. The aim is to analyze the activities of interest groups in the area and affect different approach of governments to GMO in the USA and Europe. The work is structured into four parts. The first chapter theoretically defines interest groups and lobbying. The second chapter is devoted to genetically modified organisms and the differences between the EU and the USA in the legislation, the extent of cultivation and the approach of governments. The third chapter deals with Monsanto - the company that dominates the amount of interest groups in this area. The fourth chapter presents a case study of the problem of genetically modified maize in Europe. Just on the case of genetically modified maize can be seen in the European Union activities interest groups, approach of member states and European Union approach.
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Johansson, Anders. "Biopolitics and Reflexivity : A Study of GMO Policymaking in the European Union." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17478.

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The political discourse that has emerged as a consequence of establishing a European regulatory framework for GMOs has not been without problems. This dissertation addresses the political and regulatory challenges created by the development and use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the EU. The underlying hypothesis in the dissertation is that the emergence of a European policy in the field of GMOs has appeared through new reflexive forms of governance. The aim of this research is to understand how these reflexive forms of regulation have emerged and operate within the EU, with a particular focus on the two GMO directives 90/220/EEC and 2001/18/EC. However, the study scrutinises the regulatory regimes from the 1970s onwards by investigating how the regulatory framework regarding GMOs has been developed and implemented in the EU. This is done through an analysis of the notion of ‘risk’ and the ‘precautionary principle’ since these concepts have been at the forefront of the GMO regulation debate. The empirical approach focuses on how the European Commission, the European Parliament and the European Council as well as other actors and institutions articulate ambivalence, interpretations and uncertainties in the decision-making processes regarding regulative measures for GMOs, with an accent on risk and the precautionary principle. The main empirical material has been documents concerning the inter-institutional process involved in the regulatory process of making the two directives. The analysis indicates that during the process of implementing GMO regulations, new steering strategies have appeared within the EU’s decision-making institutions when the objective of the regulation has taken centre stage in political and scientific controversies.
Den politiska diskursen som har uppstått som en följd av upprättandet av ett europeiskt regelverk för GMO har inte varit utan problem. Denna avhandling behandlar de politiska utmaningar som alstrats av skapandet och tillämpningen av genetiskt modifierade organismer (GMO) inom EU. Den underliggande hypotesen i avhandlingen är att framväxten av en europeisk politik på området för GMO har uppstått genom nya reflexiva regleringsformer. Syftet med denna forskning är att förstå hur reflexiva regleringsformer har uppkommit och opererar inom EU, med särskilt fokus på de två GMO direktiven 90/220/EEG och 2001/18/EG. Studien analyserar lagstiftning från 1970-talet och framåt genom att undersöka hur lagstiftningen om genetiskt modifierade organismer har utvecklats och implementerats i EU. Detta görs genom en analys av begreppen ‘risk’ och ‘försiktighetsprincipen’ eftersom dessa begrepp har varit centrala för debatten om GMO lagstiftningen. Den empiriska metoden fokuserar på hur Europeiska kommissionen, Europaparlamentet och Europeiska rådet samt andra aktörer och institutioner har uttryckt ambivalens, tolkningar och osäkerhet i beslutsfattandet gällande reglerings åtgärder för genetiskt modifierade organismer, med tonvikt på risk och försiktighetsprincipen. Det huvudsakliga empiriska materialet är dokument gällande den interinstitutionella processen som ägde rum när de två direktiven skapades. Analysen visar att implementeringen av GMO lagstiftningen har skapat nya styrningsstrategier i synnerhet i de fall där ändamålet med lagstiftningen har varit föremål för politiska och vetenskapliga kontroverser.
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Jönsson, Johanna. "GMO-lagstiftningen i Sverige och EU : Frihandelns regler vs. miljö- och hälsoskydd." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61800.

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Syftet med denna rapport har varit att beskriva och undersöka GMO-lagstiftningen i EU och Sverige och hur denna påverkas av gällande frihandelsavtal samt kan komma att påverkas av frihandelsavtalet TTIP, mellan EU och USA. Frågan är huruvida det föreligger en risk att TTIP-avtalet, om det träder i kraft, kan leda till att mer GMO-produkter hamnar på EU:s marknad samt att den strikta lagstiftning som råder påverkas. Den rättsdogmatiska metoden har använts och material har därmed införskaffats från källor såsom doktrin, förarbeten och lagtexter. I de fall där dessa källor inte räckt till, har information hämtats från relevanta myndigheters hemsidor och nyhetsuppdateringar. Trots att EU framhållit att avtalet inte kommer att påverka EU:s syn på hälso- och miljöskyddsfrågor så råder ännu en skepticism bland konsumenter, jordbrukare och miljöorganisationer. Dessa pekar på att det ännu råder stora oklarheter kring avtalets utformning och att det kan finnas en dold agenda. Den nya politiska uppkomna situationen, med Donald Trump som USA:s nye president kan även komma att påverka utgången av TTIP. Kanske blir det inte något avtal alls alternativt att avtalet kommer modifieras om ordentligt.
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Doty, Jessica E. "Creating a Non-GMO Grain and Feed Exchange System for Ohio Farmers." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1480522993553463.

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24

Slotwinska, Paulina. "Genmodifierade grödor och dess konsekvenser : För människa och miljö i Sydamerika, USA och EU." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1108.

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Uppsatsen behandlar GMO (genmodifierade grödor) och hur de påverkar människa och miljö i USA, Sydamerika (Argentina och Brasilien) och Europa. De geografiska områdena har valts då arealen över GMO-odlingar är störst i USA och Sydamerika samt för att mestadels av GMO exporteras till Europa. GMO-frågan har varit väldigt omdebatterad i Europa och andra delar av världen de senaste åren av miljöorganisationer, forskare och genteknikföretag. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka för- och nackdelarna med genmodifierade grödor.

Uppsatsens undersökning utgörs av två intervjuer med sakkunniga personer med skilda uppfattningar om genmodifierade grödor. I denna del behandlas även information från olika organisationer som t.ex. SNF (Svenska naturskyddsföreningen) och gmofri.se. Undersökningen genomfördes i syfte att besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar. Hur påverkas människor och miljö av genmodifierade grödor i USA, Sydamerika och Europa? Kan genmodifierade grödor lösa problemet med världssvälten? Hur förhåller man sig till GMO i olika geografiska delar av världen och varför?

Uppsatsens resultat visar att miljöpåverkan är stor eftersom genmodifierade grödor är oförutsägbara och kan ge oväntade egenskaper. Det största miljöproblemet med GMO är påverkan av den biologiska mångfalden som sker p.g.a. spridning till naturliga växter. Människans påverkas då GMO kan bidra till allergiframkallning och även att människan kan få det svårare att bekämpa sjukdomar med hjälp av antibiotika. Människan påverkas även på andra områden än hälsan, exempelvis genom att människan förlorar kontroll över livsmedelsproduktionen då multinationella gentekniksföretag äger patent på 90 procent av all GMO. GMO är inte heller en lösning på svälten, man bör lösa svältens orsaker i första hand som bland annat krig. GMO som lösning på svält används som marknadsföring av genteknikföretag då det är ett faktum att det endast är dessa företag som tjänat på GMO hittills och majoriteten av GMO som odlas i perifera länder exporteras som foder till kärnländernas slaktdjur och för användning som biobränsle. Resultatet visar även att man vet för lite om genmodifierade grödors påverkan på miljö och framför allt på människan för att kommersialiseras.

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Bieliauskienė, Rūta. "Visuomenės informavimas ir žinių įvertinimas apie genetiškai modifikuotus produktus ir jų poveikį sveikatai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060612_143049-66330.

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Introduction. Theme of modern biotechnologies is an especially topical question, because there is no simple answer about possible harm to nature and human health done by Genetically Modified Organisms (hereinafter referred to as GMO) until now. On the other side, biotechnology industry is a future industry, which provides great possibilities to improve the welfare of whole nations. Survey of Lithuanian public opinion shows that society thinks of GMO not very favorably and inhabitants treat those new products not well enough; with a great care and do not trust in their safety. Public institutions do not pay much attention for public information campaigns. Paper objective. Research and estimation of society knowledge and information distribution concerning GMO and GMP and their possible impact on human health. Tasks. 1. To examine public knowledge related to GMO and GMP. 2. To explore public knowledge related to a possible risk of GMP for a human health. 3. To evaluate effectiveness of public information distribution structures while familiarizing the society with GMO and GMP and their influence on human health. 4. To suggest measures and ways for improvement of the distribution of public information concerning GMO and GMP. Research methods. Paper objective was to explore public knowledge on GMO, GMP and its impact on human health. Research has been carried out using methods of data analysis, comparison, generalization and questionnaire interview. The statistical data... [to full text]
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Börjeson, Natasja. "WTO, GMO and the precautionary principle : the conflict between trade liberalisation and environmental protection." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1623.

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This study examines the possible incompatibility between environmental conventions and agreements promoting international trade. More specifically, it aims at discussing the Precautionary Principle and the WTO agreements on trade and how they might contradict each other on the international arena. The study focuses on the international trade with genetically modified organisms and discusses probable needs of reformulating the principles and/or conventions concerned if these are to function as tools of equal importance when handling environmental problems through policy making. The controversy is illustrated through a case-study of a trade dispute where the conflicting principles: the Precautionary Principle and WTO agreements on trade are involved, namely a dispute where a formal complaint to the WTO by the US, Canada and Argentina about the European Community supposedly applying a de facto moratorium on genetically modified organisms had the final outcome of the European Community being found to contravene international trade rules. The study concludes that actors on the international arena are still opinions apart concerning the way to perceive possible risks connected to biotechnology and genetically modified organisms. This incongruence is also found to apply to the status of the Precautionary Principle as a rule of international law as well as to which of the conventions that were applicable to the concerned dispute.

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Meyu, Louria SUNTA ANAK. "DO EXPORTS AND GMO REGULATIONS DETERMINE ADOPTION RATE OF GM CROPS BY EXPORTING COUNTRIES." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2770.

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This thesis examines the role of exports and GMO regulations of the exporting country on the adoption of GM crops by its farmers. The analytic sample includes five major exporting countries including Argentina, Brazil, China, India, and Mexico. I focus only on the crop that is widely grown in each country. The crops are cotton, maize, and soybean. GMO regulations indices, which were constructed by Vigani et al, consists of four categories of different regulations related to import of GMO products. Relative impact of different aspects of GMO regulations on exports are assessed to get a better understanding of domestic production decisions of farmers in major exporting countries. The result for the approval process, risk assessment and international agreement suggested that, these regulations are not significant to influence the adoption rate of the GM crops. The exporting countries, especially the developing countries, usually reluctant to implement the GM regulations because of the high cost of completing the procedures.
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Villa, Annia Quiroz. "Didn't we want to know? Comparative analysis of local vs national framing of GMO labeling." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1589987.

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As the agriculture industry and biotechnologies grow and spread, it has become increasingly important to understand the science and policies surrounding it. Most recently the G.M.O labeling debate has had a high profile in the media and the public with three states having bills and initiatives up for vote on this issue. The research question presented was whether local news coverage of G.M.Os was framed more emotionally in comparison to coverage in major newspapers in the U.S. A content analysis was preformed on both local and national newspapers articles on G.M.O labeling and GE technology during 2013 and 2014 to determine how G.M.O labeling was framed in each category.

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Savijärvi, Riikka, and Lovisa Gundersen. "Ätbara insekter - en framtida pusselbit i Sveriges livsmedelssystem? : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om involverade aktörers inställningar till införandet av ätbara insekter i Sverige." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165870.

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En växande global befolkning och tilltagande problem med klimatförändringar är starkt bidragande faktorer till ett ökande behov av mer hållbara och näringsrika livsmedel, varav ett livsmedelsalternativ som har presenterats är ätbara insekter. Konceptet med ätbara insekter är relativt nytt i Västvärlden och speciellt i Sverige där engagemanget inom fältet fortfarande är väldigt begränsat. För att bidra till en eventuell marknadsintroduktion av ätbara insekter har ett litet antal involverade aktörer en central roll för frågans utveckling. Därmed är syftet med denna studie att analysera hur involverade aktörer ser på marknadsintroduktion av ätbara insekter i Sverige. Syftet är även i ljuset av forskning om ätbara insekter och tidigare debatt om genmanipulerade grödor (GMO) bidra till en vidare diskussion om möjligheter för användningen av ätbara insekter i Sverige. Analysen och slutsatser från studien visar att aktörerna ser positivt på en marknadsintroduktion av ätbara insekter både som livsmedel och foder, men endast som en väldigt begränsad del av Sveriges livsmedelssystem. Utifrån aktörers syn och även tidigare forskning är det möjligt att introducera ätbara insekter på marknaden. Det finns dock även flera faktorer som kan hindra marknadsintroduktionen i Sverige. Exempelvis träder en ojämn konkurrenssituation mellan länder fram i analysen som ett möjligt hinder för införandet: en del länder som Nederländerna har kommit längre i processer i fråga om ätbara insekter, vilket kan minska motivationen hos svenska företagare och andra aktörer att utvecklas inom branschen. Orsaken till detta är diverse tolkningar av den ursprungliga förordningen för nya livsmedel (EU) No. 258/97 som innebar oklarheter angående ätbara insekter.
The climate change and the growing global population have led to a need for new, more sustainable, and nutritious sources of food. Edible insects are one of the presented alternative solutions to cope with the problem. The concept is relatively new in the Western world, especially in Sweden where the involvement in the field is limited. In order to contribute to the market introduction of edible insects, the dedication of different actors in the field has a central role in this issue. Consequently, the aim of this study is to analyse how actors involved in the edible insects network perceive the market introduction of edible insects in Sweden. The aim is also to contribute to a further discussion on possibilities for the use of edible insects in Sweden in the light of the introduction of GMOs. The analysis and the conclusions from the study show that the actors have relatively positive perceptions of a market introduction of edible insects both as food and feed, though only as a relatively limited part of the national food system. Based on the actors´ views and previous studies there are opportunities to introduce edible insects to the Swedish market. However, there are several factors that can hinder the market introduction in Sweden. For example, competition between countries has been highlighted as a possible obstacle: the original novel food regulation had led to different interpretations between countries concerning edible insects, which included differences between Western countries in possibilities to introduce insects to the market. Countries such as the Netherlands have more conducive market conditions and have already had insects on the market for several years, while in Sweden the market is still negligible, which can lead to lack of motivation to develop this branch of industry.
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Habibi, Shahbolaghi Sanaz. "GMO perceptions among Swedish stakeholders and their implication on the acceptance of a new biotechnological advancement." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-339470.

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With the global population expected to reach more than 10 billion by the year 2050, one of the global challenges will be in meeting the growing food demand. Coupled with the effects of climate change on the environment, the world will need plant varieties that can adapt to changing environmental conditions to meet the food production challenge. A viable option to aid food production is using genetic modification for more specific plant breeding and crop optimization. The usage of genetic modification has been highly debated since the course of its first developed commercialized crop. The consumer concerns, stringent regulations and rigorous testing genetically modified crops face, may be circumvented with the legally undefined development of new biotechnological advancements such as CRISPR. This study aims to investigate whether arguments used against GMOs from different stakeholders and antiGM NGOs in Sweden are applicable to the CRISPR technique. Through content analysis of policy documents of influential stakeholders and a literature review of the scientific literature, major concerns with GMOs are identified and their applicability to the CRISPR technique analyzed. This study finds that the most prevalent reservations against GMOs do not apply to the new biotechnology, although the applicability and in effect acceptance of CRISPR among Swedish stakeholders depends on its legal classification, which the European Commission has yet to determine. The findings in this study also indicate that the reservations against GMOs are based on misconceptions and that if CRISPR falls into the same legal category, it will be subject to the same obstacles in its implementation. The implications of its categorical classification may in addition affect a possible utilization of CRISPR among Swedish crop producers in taking part in the global food production challenge. This study concludes that while the prevalent reservations against GMOs do not apply to CRISPR, its acceptance may solely rely on its legal classification and as such there is a need for a closer look on the regulations around the various biotechnologies, as well as a need for better biotechnological communication between researchers, decision makers and consumers.
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Phelps, Ryan Loren. "Testing USDA Certified Organic and Non-GMO Verified Project Labeled Foods for the Presence of Genetic Modifications." TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1548.

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Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are plants or animals that have been produced using genetic insertion or deletion via technology (also called genetic engineering or GE). Merged DNA from different species creates combinations of plant, animal, bacteria and/or virus genes that cannot occur in nature or in traditional crossbreeding. Our goal was to determine the presence or absence of GMO markers in USDA Organic Certified and in Non-GMO Project food products. We investigated only corn or soy-based products that were purchased from many types of retailers. Our study was limited to products that contained a label for USDA organic certification and/or Non-GMO Verified Project. DNA from each product was extracted, tested for purity, and examined for specific markers denoting the presence of genetic modification. Modified DNA was amplified using PCR techniques and tested against standards on electrophoretic agarose gel. Based on these results, we detected evidence of genetic modification in 75% of soy and 83.3% of corn claiming USDA Organic Certification and 0% of soy and 100% of corn claiming Non-GMO Verified Certification.
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Liudvinavičiūtė, Eglė. "Genetiškai modifikuotų organizmų ir genetiškai modifikuotų produktų teisinio reguliavimo problemos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090908_194047-28380.

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Neatsiejama genetiškai modifikuotų organizmų (GMO) bei iš jų pagamintų produktų (GMP) teisinio reguliavimo dalis yra mokslas bei politika. –iame darbe analizuojamas GMO (GMP) teisinio reguliavimo raida ES ir Lietuvos Respublikoje. Nagrinėjamos tokios GMO ir GMP teisinio reguliavimo problemos, kaip etikos nuostatų suderinimas su žmogaus genų naudojimu kuriant maistui skirtus produktus; ES institucijų ir valstybių narių pozicijų išsikyrimas siekiant uždrausti apgalvotą GMO išleidimą į aplinką; visuomenės dalyvavimo priimant sprendimus dėl GMO (GMP) problematika ES ir Lietuvos Respublikoje – visuomenės „motyvuotos nuomonės“ instituto neefektyvumas. Taip pat analizuojamos ES teisės nuostatų dėl sankcijų nustatymo už GMO (GMP) reguliuojančių teisės aktų pažeidimus įgyvendinimo Lietuvos Respublikoje problemos t.y. nacionalinėje teisėje nenustačius atsakomybės pagrindiniams su GMO (GMP) veikla susijusiems juridiniams asmenims, praktiškai išlieka jų nebaudžiamumas; tai pat pažymėtina, kad teisės aktų, reglamentuojančių GMO ir GMP naudojimą, reikalavimų pažeidimai yra pakankamai skirtingo pobūdžio, o ATPK jie išvardinti viename straipsnyje, kartu numatyta gana didelis skiriamos baudos mažiausias dydis, - visa tai praktikoje sąlygoja nuobaudų neskyrimą bei neužtikrina Direktyvoje 2001/18/EB įtvirtintos sankcijos veiksmingumo, proporcingumo ir atgrasumo. Darbe nagrinėjamos tarptautinių sutarčių - Biologinės įvairovės ir Orhuso konvencijų - nuostatos dėl GMO bei jų įtaka ES ir Lietuvos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Science and politics are part and parcel of law regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMO) and products (GMP) made from them. This work analyses development of law regulation of GMO (GMP) in ES and Lithuanian Republic. Such problems as ethical attitude towards usage of human genes in food production, distinction of ES isntitutions and member states according to their position, in purpose to forbid deliberate release of GMO into environment, problems of society involvment in taking decisions about GMO (GMP) in ES and Lithuanian Republic, inefficiency of public institute of "motivated opinion" (public comments) are disscussed in this work. Such topics as realisation of ES rules for definition of sanctions for breaking laws of GMO (GMP) usage in Lithuania Republic and rules of international contracts, such as Cartagena protocol on biosafety to the convention on biological diversity and Orhus convention, and their influence upon law regulation in ES and Lithuanian Republic are also disscussed here.
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Lu, Xuerong. "The Impact of Audience Disposition on Pro-GMO Advertisement Effectiveness: An Application of the Elaboration Likelihood Model." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461341567.

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Pazuniak, Orest V. "Do Labels Make A Difference: Estimating The Impacts Of Vermont’s Gmo Labeling Law On Perceptions And Prices." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/974.

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Vermont is the first and only state in the US to establish mandatory labels for food containing genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This thesis investigates the impact of the mandatory labeling law as it relates to changes in prices, quantities sold, and opinions of GMOs. First, grocery store scanner data from Vermont and Oregon are compared using triple difference (difference-in-difference-in-difference) models. Next, Vermont, Oregon, and Colorado survey response data are compared using difference-in-difference models. The findings reveal that there is a general price premium for non-GMO goods of $0.05/oz across all states and times, that mandatory labeling laws do not result in a short-term change in quantities sold or prices of GMO products, and that both mandatory labeling laws and failed mandatory labeling referendums cause an increase in support for GMOs in the food supply. The implications of this research are that mandatory GMO labels did not impact short-term prices or sales and increased the level of support for GMOs.
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Kamínková, Petra. "Geneticky modifikované plodiny v politice a právu Evropské unie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17536.

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The legal framework for genetically modified crops in Europe is based on the precautionary principle, differing fundamentally from the US system. Where the EU created a complex set of strict rules for dealing with genetically modified crops, the United States continue to view GM crops to be just as safe as conventional crops. This philosophical difference led to one of the most complicated disputes in front of the World Trade Organization. It turned to be ineffective, however, to pressure the EU through the World Trade Organization's dispute settlement. However, it is the current internal conflict between EU member states and the European Commission regarding the authorization procedure for GM crops and the economic ramifications of the zero tolerance policy of unapproved crops on the European livestock industry that might finally bring about change in the European framework.
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Wägander, Fredrik. "Genteknik och Risksamhället. En undersökning om Sveriges förhållande till GMO utifrån ett riskperspektiv under det tidiga 1990-talet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259163.

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The purpose of this thesis is to analyse Sweden’s first GMO-legislation which was implemented in 1994. The legislation was created because of Swedens commitment to the EES-agreement, but also because of the necessity for GMO-legislation. The analysis is based on Ulrich Beck’s theory which stipulates that highly developed societies are no longer industrial societies but instead have become risk societies, which also has a connection to and is strongly influenced by the precautionary principle. In a risk society the logic of risk production dominates the logic of wealth production and the regulations and actions of governments correlate to this perspective. The questions the analysis seeks to answer are how the actors involved in the making of Sweden’s first comprehensive GMO-legislation has considered, judged and finally chosen to handle the potential risks associated with gene technology. The results show that Sweden had a distinctive focus on risk, which also had a strong connection to ethics, which in the end was about how big of a risk could be accepted based on the moral resonsibility for the environment. In some parts Sweden took the restrictions further than required for by the EES-agreement based on the risk approach. The legislation can be characterized as being surrounded by an epistemological problem, due the lack of definitive knowledge about GMOs at the time. These results also support the view found by earlier research, when it comes to how Sweden has handled the issues surrounding GMOs during an early stage.
Uppsatsens syfte är att utifrån ett riskperspektiv analysera Sveriges första heltäckande GMO-lagstiftning vilken antogs 1994. Lagstiftningen skapades som ett resultat av Sveriges åtaganden via EES-avtalet, men också utifrån nödvändigheten av att skapa en heltäckande GMO-lag. Undersökningen bygger på Ulrich Becks teori om att välutvecklade samhällen har gått från att vara industrisamhällen till att bli risksamhällen. I risksamhället dominerar riskproduktionens logik över rikedomsproduktionens logik där regeringars och myndigheters agerande styrs utifrån detta perspektiv. Frågor som undersökningen söker svar på är hur de aktörer som var inblandade i skapandet av Sveriges första heltäckande GMO-lag resonerat kring, bedömt och slutligen hanterat de risker som ansågs finnas med gentekniken. Resultatet visar att Sverige hade ett uttalat fokus på risker som i förlängningen går tillbaka till etiska frågor, där vilka risker som kunde accepteras utifrån det moraliska ansvaret för miljön stod i centrum. I vissa delar så införde Sverige en striktare lagstiftning än vad EES-avtalet krävde utifrån ett riskperspektiv. Lagstiftningen kan sägas ha karaktäriserats av ett epistemologiskt problem, vilket var en följd av den okunskap som förelåg vid tidpunkten. Detta stödjer också den tidigare forskningens uppfattningar kring hur Sverige hanterat frågan med GMO på ett tidigt stadium.
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McCarrol, Andrew Patrick. "Accessing the Japanese food grain market by supplying Australian non GMO grain inputs: the case of an Australian small business food quality corn and soybeans exporter." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Business, 2006. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004788/.

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[Abstract]: This dissertation investigates how an independent Australian grain exporting SME has been able to access the Japanese market for food quality soybeans and corn. This firm has succeeded in entering this market despite entrenched competition from traditional suppliers in the USA and Canada and in the face of rigorous food safety and quality standards as required in this particular market. The research in this dissertation focuses on outlining the critical ‘enabling competencies’ that the firm and its suppliers developed in order to enter the Japanese market. A single case methodology involving multiple in-depth interviews with key stakeholders was used to provide triangulated evidence concerning the necessary and sufficient conditionsfor SME exporters to compete successfully in such mature markets, particularly in the face of entrenched competition from large scale suppliers of similar productsfrom the United States and Canada. From the data collected in this research, a model of SME internationalisation was proposed highlighting the driving forces whichstimulated the development of a set of ‘enabling competencies’ enabling successful entry into the Japanese market for food grains. This model has both practical andtheoretical implications for the development of trade between Australia and Japan in the food grain sector. In conclusion this dissertation suggests that firms with thecapacity to develop such competencies can succeed in entering enter such productmarkets.
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Wolozny, Gomez Robelo Daniel Andre. "Additive Manufacturing for Robust and Affordable Medical Devices." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73295.

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Additive manufacturing in the form of 3D printing is a revolutionary technology that has developed within the last two decades. Its ability to print an object with accurate features down to the micro scale have made its use in medical devices and research feasible. A range of life-saving technologies can now go from the laboratory and into field with the application of 3D-printing. This technology can be applied to medical diagnosis of patients in at-risk populations. Living biosensors are limited by being Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) from being employed for medical diagnosis. However, by containing them within a 3D-printed enclosure, these technologies can serve as a vehicle to translate life-saving diagnosis technologies from the laboratory and into the field where the lower cost would allow more people to benefit from inexpensive diagnosis. Also, the GMO biosensors would be contained with a press-fit, ensuring that the living biosensors are unable to escape into the environment without user input. In addition, 3D-printing can also be applied to reduce the cost of lab-based technologies. Cell patterning technology is a target of interest for applying more cost-effective technologies, as elucidation of the variables defining cell patterning and motility may help explain the mechanics of cancer and other diseases. Through the use of a 3D-printed stamp, bacterial cells can be patterning without the use of a clean room, thus lowering the entry-barrier for researchers to explore cell patterning. With the commercialization of 3D-printing an opportunity has arisen to transition life-saving technologies into more cost-effective versions of existing technologies. This would not only allow more research into existing fields, but also to ensure that potentially life-saving technologies reach the people that need them.
Ph. D.
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Johansson, Anders. "Bioteknologins politik och berättelsernas transformativa makt." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1443.

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This thesis aims to respond to the need of adjust GMO politics for meeting the demands of the late-modern society and the changed condition that follows from an accelerating complexity. The central objective for this study is to contribute with a narrative understanding of Sweden’s GMO politics with the purpose of examine an alternative possibility for formulating and assessing the politics of biotechnology. This is done by investigate Sweden’s politics of GMO through a narrative approach. I have reconstructed and carried out a Comparative analyzes of these narratives. This was the first of two objectives with this thesis. The other objective was to relate the political practice with the contribution and insights of Paul Ricoeur as a point of departure. My effort has been to build upon his contribution of narrative philosophy and fruitful conceptual resources and to reach an understanding of the advantage of a narrative approach in politics. This advantage lies in that it can provide an understanding of the narrative aspects in our daily lives. This would bring sensitivity and reflexivity to the political context. With this sensitivity and reflexivity it hopefully can separate irresponsible politics from responsible politics. This could be done by incorporate the result from this study. A responsible environmental politics departs from the precautionary principle in decision-making, gaining knowledge from interdisciplinary research and tries to correspond to the narrative structures in people’s daily lives. The narrative approach brings a deeper understanding for that political thought and practice is not reducible to other forms of human action.

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Fouchécour-Cazals, Francoise de. "Le droit des organismes génétiquement modifiés : le principe de précaution face aux libertés." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010282/document.

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Il n’est guère de principe juridique ayant acquis, ces dernières années, une notoriété plus forte que le principe de précaution. Cette aura déborde largement le cercle des juristes pour atteindre le grand public, lequel ne peut ignorer l’existence de ce principe régulièrement invoqué par les médias, pas toujours à bon escient, à l’occasion de controverses environnementales ou sanitaires. De fait, le principe de précaution doit sa renommée à ses aspects révolutionnaires, tant du point de vue juridique que philosophique et sociologique, également à ce qu’il révèle de l’appréhension du risque par nos sociétés, mais aussi et tout autant aux débats qu’il a suscités. Né de la controverse scientifique, ce principe est lui-même controversé en raison de questionnements relatifs à la liberté d’entreprise et à la liberté de recherche. Ces deux libertés sont souvent évoquées, ensemble, pour déplorer les contraintes que le principe de précaution leur opposerait, comme si elles partageaient une même cause - cet aspect devra être précisé. Le droit communautaire et le droit national reconnaissent pleinement le principe de précaution, tout en s’attachant à « concilier » sa mise en œuvre avec les libertés économiques. Dans ce contexte, les organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM) représentent un cas tout à fait singulier, marqué à la fois par l’ambition de leur régime juridique au regard de la précaution, et par l’ampleur des controverses et blocages qui persistent depuis plus de vingt ans. Avant de présenter le cadre général du régime juridique dédié aux OGM et les réflexions qu’appelle son étude au regard des libertés (II), il importe, après avoir précisé le contenu du principe de précaution et les critiques dont il fait l’objet, de placer le sujet en perspective : le débat opposant libertés économiques et principe de précaution se déroule en effet dans une arène plus vaste, celle de la question de la conciliation entre libertés économiques versus protection de valeurs non marchandes, dans un contexte de remise en cause de certains fondements classiques de notre société : foi en la science et au progrès technique, objectivité de la science, de l’économie et du droit (I)
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41

Nygren, Josefine. "Gymnasieelevers inställning till genmodifierad mat före och efter skolans genetikundervisning." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Teacher Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-6446.

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Många i Sverige är negativt inställda till genmodifierad mat som har förändrats med hjälp av genteknik. Enligt gymnasieskolans styrdokument bör genetikundervisningen ge eleverna sådana kunskaper att de känner till olika gentekniker och kan diskutera möjligheterna och riskerna med dessa gentekniker. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om gymnasieskolans genetikundervisning förändrade elevernas inställning till genmodifierad mat. En enkätstudie med såväl öppna som slutna frågor genomfördes på 54 elever från ett naturbruksgymnasium i nordvästra Skåne där 19 elever inte hade genomgått genetikundervisning och och 35 elever hade fått undervisning i genetik på gymnasiet. Vid analys av svaren framkom det att nio procent av eleverna som fått undervisning i genetik på gymnasiet ansåg det farligt att äta genmodifierad mat, medan 47 procent utav eleverna utan genetikundervisning ansåg det farligt. Elever som genomgått genetikundervisning såg till såväl möjligheterna som riskerna med genmodifierade organismer (GMO), medan elever utan genetikundervisning framförallt såg riskerna med GMO. Hälften av eleverna utan genetikundervisning hade insikt om att det finns gener i kött/fisk och frukt/grönsaker, medan 89 procent utav eleverna med genetikundervisning hade insikt i detta. Gymnasieskolans genetikundervisning påverkade elevernas inställning till genmodifierad mat i den här studien då färre efter genetikundervisning ansåg den farlig. Undervisningen gav eleverna dessutom en mer nyanserad bild av möjligheterna och riskerna med GMO. Resultatet att hälften av eleverna utan gymnasial genetikundervisning inte har kunskaper om att det finns gener i kött och fisk samt frukt och grönsaker återspeglar tidigare studier. Slutsatsen av studien är att genetikundervisningen på gymnasiet leder till en minskad rädsla för genmodifierad mat och en mer nyanserad bild av möjligheterna med genmodifierade organismer.

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42

Cibim, Juliana Cassano. "Transgênicos: uma leitura sócio-jurídico ambiental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-22032012-110309/.

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43

Cronqvist, Camilla, and Almassy Mathilda von. "Genmodifierade organismer – För eller emot? : En kvantitativ studie om attityder gentemot samt köpvillighet av genmodifierade livsmedel bland konsumenter i Sverige." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-134633.

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Sammanfattning Bakgrund Genmodifierade organismer (GMO) innebär att med hjälp av genteknik flytta en specifik gen från en organism och korsa den med en annan för att på så vis skapa egenskaper hos en organism som den naturligt inte har. Attityder gentemot och köpvillighet av genmodifierade (GM) livsmedel har visat skilja sig mellan såväl länder som mellan olika grupper. Syfte Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det bland konsumenter i Sverige finns skillnader i attityd gentemot GMO och hur olika incitament påverkar köpvilligheten av GM-frukt och grönsaker beroende på kön, ålder, utbildningsnivå samt upplevd kunskap om GMO. Metod Kvantitativ metod användes med datainsamling via en webbaserad enkätundersökning innehållande 21 frågor uppdelade utifrån tre kategorier; inklusionskriterier, attityder samt köpvillighet. Urvalsstrategin som användes var ett bekvämlighetsurval där enkäten spreds via författarnas Facebookprofiler. Datat från de 110 respondenterna som svarade på enkäten analyserades i statistikprogrammet SPSS med testen Pearson Chi-squared test samt Fisher’s Exact Test. Resultat Resultatet visade att kvinnor samt 31 år och äldre hade både en mer negativ attityd gentemot, samt lägre köpvillighet av, GM-livsmedel. Det påvisades ingen skillnad mellan olika utbildningsnivåer. Resultatet visade däremot en mer positiv attityd bland de med en hög upplevd kunskap om GMO i jämförelse med de med en låg eller medel upplevd kunskap. Slutsats Resultatet överensstämde till stor del med tidigare forskning vilket tyder på att en attitydförändring ej har skett sedan liknande studier utfördes i Sverige under 2000-talets början. Det mest framstående resultatet är att det är kvinnor samt de 31 år och äldre som har en mer negativ attityd gentemot, likväl som har lägre köpvillighet av GM-livsmedel oavsett incitament.
Abstract Background Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) involves using genetic engineering to move a specific gene from one organism and crossing it with another to create characteristics of an organism which it naturally does not have. Attitudes and willingness to purchase genetically modified (GM) foods has been shown to differ between countries as well as between different groups. Objective The objective of the study was to investigate whether consumers in Sweden differ in attitudes towards GMOs and how incentives affect willingness to purchase GM-fruits and vegetables, depending on gender, age, level of education, and perceived knowledge about GMOs. Method Quantitative method was used with data collection via a web-based questionnaire containing 21 questions divided into three categories; inclusion criterias, attitudes, and willingness to purchase. The sample strategy used was a convenience sample where the survey was spread through the authors' Facebook profiles. The data from the 110 respondents was analyzed in SPSS with Pearson Chi-squared test and Fisher’s Exact Test. Results The results showed that women and 31 years and older had both a more negative attitude towards and was less willing to purchase GM-foods. No difference was detected between the levels of education. However, results showed a more positive attitude among those with a high perceived knowledge about GMO unlike those with a low or mediumperceived knowledge. Conclusion The results largely corresponded with previous research indicating that a change has not occurred since similar studies were conducted in Sweden in the early 2000s. The most prominent result is that women and 31 years and older respondents have a more negative attitude towards as well as are less willing to purchase GM-foods regardless of incentives.
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Herrera, Juan Antonio. "Mexico's implementation of the Biodiversity Convention and the Cartagena Protocol in the GMO era Challenges in principles, policies and practices /." Halifax, Nova Scotia : Dalhousie University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1421614661&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=78006&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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45

Kritikos, Michail I. "Institutions and science in the authorization of GMO releases in the European Union (1990-2007) : the false promise of proceduralism." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2015/.

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This thesis examines the development and operation of the EU's legislative framework on the deliberate releases of GMO products as a case study of social regulation operating within a predominantly technical framework. The examination of the founding and implementation of this particular licensing framework has allowed for a reconsideration of the normative power of EU institutional structures in affecting the design and the outcomes of the application of the relevant authorization provisions. It is argued that in the case of the EU agricultural biotechnology framework, the particular institutional settings created for the formulation and interpretation of its provisions have been of decisive importance in elaborating a proceduralised 'science-based' prior authorization scheme as the preferred framework for granting commercial permits. It is further argued that the particular risk assessment and management practices have 'captured' the operation of this framework, perpetuating its self-referential character, and have as a result undermined the acceptability of the correspondent authorization decisions. The analysis and findings are based on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with regulators, risk assessors, public interest groups and biotechnology experts at the national and European levels. More precisely, the thesis argues that contrary to its defined objectives, the apparently proceduralised model of Community regulation, based on a decentralized and open-ended risk analysis structure, is in fact limited in accommodating 'alternative' conceptualisations of what constitutes 'acceptable risk' in the field of genetic engineering. The examination of the operation of the Deliberate Release regime has exposed a twofold misrepresentation regarding the apparently pluralistic and reflexive prior authorization control. Firstly, whereas the proceduralised framework has been destined to offer an all-embracing deliberation structure, the authorization decisions are exclusively based on EFSA opinions as the sole form of acceptable evidence. This practice has limited both the actors participating in the process and the range of factors considered. Secondly, the examination of the risk assessment practice demonstrates a dilution of the objective character of the conclusions reached in the context of the science-based licensing framework. The introduced proceduralisation paradigm is underdeveloped and lacks sufficient guarantees to ensure the consideration of all relevant viewpoints. It is concluded that, consequently, the non-hierarchical and open-ended structure suggested by this administrative model, leaves space that was destined for deliberation and reflection to be captured, in normative terms, by dominant institutional practices.
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Myhrman, Martin, and Robin Uppman. "Ett Färgat Köpbeteende : En studie om färgers påverkan på konsumenters uppfattning av märkning." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19449.

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Titel: Ett Färgat Köpbeteende Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Martin Myhrman & Robin Uppman Handledare: Jonas KågströmDatum: 2015 - 05 Syfte: Bakgrunden till att vi har utfört denna studie är att forskning om färgers påverkan på beslutsfattande inom ämnet marknadsföring är begränsad, tidigare forskning har även pekat på att vidare forskning borde beröra vilka faktorer som skulle kunna påverka konsumenters uppfattning om genmodifierade produkter. Således är vårt syfte:“Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur färgkodad märkning kan kompensera för den negativa uppfattningen som kan råda kring genmodifierade livsmedel.” Metod: För att besvara vårt syfte har vi valt att utföra ett experiment. Studien genomfördes på 120 respondenter på en högskola i Sverige, testpersonerna utförde ett smaktest där de tre olika betingelserna var märkta med olika färger (röd, blå och grön). Den data vi fick in analyserades sedan med hjälp av statistikprogrammet IBM SPSS Statistics 22, därefter har vi tolkat och diskuterat resultaten. Resultat & Slutsats: Vårt huvudsakliga fynd är att röd färg på negativ märkning genererar lägre betalningsvilja än grön och blå färg, vårt resultat korroborerar tidigare forskning som bland annat menar att röd färg bidrar till en aggressivare sinnesstämning och ett mer analytiskt tänkande. I övrigt har vi sett tendenser till att färgen på märkningen inte påverkat varken smakupplevelsen eller hälsouppfattning. Förslag till vidare forskning: Flertalet av våra resultat har inte uppnått statistisk signifikans, vilket troligtvis beror på att vårt urval har varit för litet, vidare forskning borde replikera vår studie på ett större urval. Utöver detta förslag till framtida forskning anser vi att följande bör undersökas:- Hur påverkar färgmärkning uppfattningen om andra GMO-produkter?- Hur blir köpbeteendet påverkat av olika färgnyanser?- Hur förhåller sig varumärke och färg till varandra i köpbeslut? Uppsatsens bidrag: Vår studie har bidragit till att branschen bör tänka på att använda färger med viss försiktighet när det kommer till märkning. Vidare har vi visat att färger påverkar kunders betalningsvilja, vilket är vårt bidrag till ämnet marknadsföring.
Title: A Colorful Consumer Behavior Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Author: Martin Myhrman & Robin Uppman Supervisor: Jonas KågströmDate: 2015 – 05 Aim: The background of our study was grounded in the fact that the research of colors impact are limited in the field of marketing. Studies have also shown that future research should examine which factors that affect consumer’s perception of genetically modified products. The aim of our study is as follows: “The aim of this study is to examine how colored labeling might compensate for the negative perception of genetically modified products.” Method: In this study we have performed an experiment. The experiment took place at a University in Sweden and we had 120 respondent commits. The respondents were asked to perform a taste test in which the color of a label was manipulated between three test groups (red, blue and green). The collected data was analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 22, further the results were interpreted and discussed. Result & Conclusions: Our main finding is that the color red on a negative label generated a lower willingness to pay than both blue and green. This result confirms previous research which among other things says that the color red trigger an aggressive mindset and encourage analytical thinking. Furthermore we have seen trends that indicate that colors do not affect the taste and health perception. Suggestions for future research: Many of our results have not been statistically significant, which probably depends on our relatively limited sample, further research should replicate our study with a wider sample. In addition to this suggestion we would like to see further research concerning:- Colors impact on the perception of other GMO products.- The impact of color shades on consumer behavior.- The relation between brands and colors in buying decisions. Contribution of the thesis: Our contribution to people working with marketing is that they should be aware that colored labels may affect the consumer perception. Furthermore we have shown that colors affect consumer’s willingness to pay, which is our contribution to the field of marketing.
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47

Joshi, Maithili. "The Genetically Modified Labeling Legislation Fight and It's Consolidation of Power." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/915.

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The sale and consumption of genetically modified foods are highly politicized, and one of the predominant discourses today. Since 2012, several states attempted legislation to label genetically modified foods, losing at very close margins. It wasn’t until a huge senate victory in Vermont that the labeling fight seemed to hold. Unfortunately, at the federal level there was a sound defeat by the Safe and Accurate Food Labeling Act, which said that the FDA would monitor what foods should be labeled. This legislation, although appearing to keep the interests of food lobbying groups, was more for the interests of corporate power. This, however, did not deter states from continuing to legislate today, and the fight to does not appear to stop any time soon. The purpose of this paper is to see why anti-GMO lobbying organizations continue to campaign for this issue when efforts have not only failed in every state, and efforts have been slowed down at a federal level. The paper aims to make sense of labeling legislation as a political tactic. Through Gaventa’s analysis of power that he outlines in the book Power and Powerlessness, labeling legislation is understood as a political strategy, and how this movement has created a hegemonic common sense of consumer sovereignty and maintained this hegemonic common sense for years.
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48

Szuter, Beata. "Vad tycker du om genmodifierad mat? : En studie om hur vi tolkar informationsgrafik beroende på ordning och berättargrepp." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55386.

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This bachelor thesis aims to investigate how theories in rhetorics and narratology can be applied to and change the interpretation of information graphics. As a prototype a brochure about genetically modified food was made, a complex topic that can be interpreted in many ways.  To identify the problem and target group an information overview about attitudes toward genetically modified food was made. The methods used for the thesis were prototyping and interviews.  The results are showing that the interpretation of the brochure is dependent on sequential order and composition. This study also presents which elements that clarify the content and influence the credibility, such as narrator grip and illustrations.
Denna studie undersöker hur teorier inom retorik och narratologi kan appliceras på och styra tolkningen av informationsgrafik. Som utprovningsmaterial skapades en broschyr om genmodifierad mat, ett komplext ämne som kan tolkas på många sätt.  För att identifiera problem och målgrupp utfördes en informationsöversikt kring attityder till genmodifierad mat. De metoder som sedan användes är prototyping och intervjuer.  Resultatet visar att broschyrens budskap tolkas olika beroende på sekventiell ordning och komposition. Arbetet redogör även för vilka element som förtydligar innehållet och har en inverkan på trovärdighet, såsom berättargrepp och illustrationer.
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49

Uygun, Sahra. "Development Of Analysis Methods For Cry1ac And Sam-k Gene Lines In Tomato Using Pcr And Real-time Pcr." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611991/index.pdf.

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Genetically modified organisms are entering the human diet in all over the world. In order to have transparency in the foods that are being consumed, there is a need to trace the genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the market and consequently this need brings the necessity of analytical methods that are capable of detecting, identifying and quantifying the transgenic events. These analytical methods also form the basis of the labeling regulations that are tried to be formed regarding GMOs. The main aim of this study is to develop and apply the detection methods for the two of the tomato events, delayed ripening and insect resistant. Currently the only validated detection methods are mainly for the corn, soybean, and cotton. There is no validated detection method for tomato. Tomato is one of the most consumed food products in Turkey and it is also among the controversial organisms in terms of genetic modifications and labeling, therefore the analysis of the genetic modifications in tomato is crucial. In this study, DNA-based detection is performed, with PCR being the chosen method of study. In order to detect the GMO-derived DNA, the method of analysis includes the following studies: species-specific, screening, gene-specific, construct-specific and inverse PCR. In addition, the quantification method is developed using the real-time PCR. In order to develop the procedure of identification method, the reference samples are used and the unknown varieties that are to be analyzed using this method are expected to have similarities with the authorized transgenic events.
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50

Ejdeskog, Tim. "Direktiv 2001/18/EG om avsiktlig utsättning av GMO och dess inverkan på svensk rätt : en europarättslig studie om svensk institutionell och processuell autonomi samt principen om god förvaltning." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16937.

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This master's thesis on the subject of public law will deal with the implications ”Directive 2001/18/EC on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms” might have on the Swedish legal system. The purpose of the directive is to harmonize the European Union States legislation regarding licensing of the deliberate release of GMO’s into the environ­ment, this to maintain a high level of environmental protection and at the same time preserve the internal market of the European Union. The thesis will primarily examine how the provisions of the directive relating to the general principle of good administration have impacted the proce­dural autonomy of Sweden. It will also explore whether the provisions of the directive have im­pact­ed Sweden’s institutional autonomy. This study is to be regarded as the thesis’ main pur­pose. The master’s thesis will also briefly touch upon the general principle of good admini­stration, proce­dural and institutional autonomy and the European Union law’s judicial relation to the member states. A summary of the legislation process preceding the directive on the deliberate release into the environment of GMO’s can also be found, it focuses on the discussions in the different Institutions of the Euro­pean Union regarding the general principle of good admini­­stra­tion. A similar summary of the Swedish implementation process of the directive is also included. The thesis shows that several provisions in the directive regarding the general principle of good administration have in fact impacted the Swedish procedural autonomy. It also shows that Swedish legislators has been forced to introduce new procedural rules into Swedish law in order to meet the demands of the directive on the deliberate release into the environment of GMO’s while implementing the directive.  However, no major impact on the Swedish institutional autonomy has been noted.  At the end of the thesis the results and whether or not there is a need for a codified and uniform European administrative law is discussed.
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