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Zechlinski, Gustavo Mata. "SHARED-GM: Arquitetura de Mem´oria Distribu´ıda para o Ambiente D-GM." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2010. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/209.
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Previous issue date: 2010-09-11The recent advances in computer technology have increased the use of computer clusters for running applications which require a large computational effort, making this practice a strong tendency. Following this tendency, the D-GM (Geometric Distributed- Machine) environment is a tool, composed by two software modules, VPE-GM (Visual Programming Environment for Geometric Machine) and VirD-GM (Virtual Distributed Geometric Machine), whose goals are the development of applications of the scientific computation applying visual programming and parallel and/or distributed execution, respectively. The core of the D-GM environment is based on the Geometric Machine (GM Model), which is an abstract machine model for parallel and/or concurrent computations, whose definitions cover the existing parallels to process executions. The main contribution of this work is the formalization and development of a distributed memory for the D-GM environment, designing, modeling and constructing the integration between such environment and a distributed shared memory (DSM) system. Therefore, it aims at obtaining a better execution dynamic with major functionality and possibly, an increase in performance in the D-GM execution applications. This integration, whose objective is to supply a shared distributed memory module to the D-GM environment, is called ShareD-GM environment. Based on the study of DSM softwares implementations, mainly on their characteristics which meet all the requirements to implement the distributed memory of the D-GM environment, this work considers the use of Terracotta system. This study highlights two facilities both present in Terracota: the portability and adaptability for distributed execution in a cluster of computers with no code modifications (codeless clustering). Besides these characteristics, one can observe that Terracotta does not make use of RMI (Remote Method Invocation) for communication among objects in a JAVA environment. From this point of view, one may also minimize the overhead of data serializations (marshalling) in network transmissions. In addition, the development of applications to evaluate the implementation of the architecture model provided by the ShareD-GM integration, as the algorithm Smith-Waterman and the Jacobi method, showed a shorter running time when compared to the previous VirD-GM execution module
O recente avanc¸o das tecnologias de computadores impulsionaram o uso de clusters de computadores para execuc¸ ao de aplicac¸ oes que exijam um grande esforc¸o computacional, tornando esta pr´atica uma forte tend encia atual. Acompanhando esta tend encia, o Ambiente D-GM (Distributed-Geometric Machine) constitui-se em uma ferramenta compreendendo dois m´odulos de software, VPE-GM (Visual Programming Environment for Geometric Machine) e VirD-GM (Virtual Distributed Geometric Machine), os quais objetivam o desenvolvimento de aplicac¸ oes da computac¸ ao cient´ıfica aplicando a programac¸ ao visual e a execuc¸ ao paralela e/ou distribu´ıda, respectivamente. O n´ucleo do Ambiente D-GM est´a fundamentado na M´aquina Geom´etrica (Geometric Machine-GM), um modelo de m´aquina abstrato para computac¸ oes paralelas e/ou concorrentes cujas definic¸ oes abrangem os paralelismos existentes para execuc¸ ao de processos. A principal contribuic¸ ao deste trabalho ´e a formalizac¸ ao e desenvolvimento de uma mem´oria distribu´ıda para o Ambiente D-GM atrav´es da concepc¸ ao, modelagem e construc¸ ao da integrac¸ ao entre o Ambiente D-GM e um sistema DSM (Distributes Shared Memory). Portanto, visando melhoria na din amica de execuc¸ ao com maior funcionalidade e, possivelmente, com melhor desempenho no ambiente D-GM. A esta integrac¸ ao, cujo objetivo ´e fornecer um modelo de mem´oria compartilhada distribu´ıda para o Ambiente D-GM, d´a-se o nome de ShareD-GM. Com base no estudo de implementac¸ oes em software de DSM e nas caracter´ısticas que atendem aos requisitos de implementac¸ ao da mem´oria distribu´ıda do Ambiente D-GM, este trabalho considera o uso do sistema Terracotta. Salientam-se duas facilidades apresentadas pelo Terracota: a portabilidade e a adaptabilidade para execuc¸ ao distribu´ıda em clusters de computadores com pouca ou at´e nenhuma modificac¸ ao no c´odigo (codeless clustering), as quais retornam grandes benef´ıcios quando da integrac¸ ao com aplicac¸ oes JAVA. Al´em disso, verifica-se o fato de que o Terracotta n ao utiliza RMI (Remote Method Invocation) para comunicac¸ ao entre os objetos em um Ambiente JAVA. Neste perspectiva, procura-se minimizar o overhead dos dados produzidos pelas serializac¸ oes (marshalling) nas transmiss oes via rede. P ode-se tamb´em comprovar durante o desenvolvimento de testes de avaliac¸ ao da implementac¸ ao da arquitetura proporcionada pela integrac¸ ao ShareD-GM, que a execuc¸ ao de aplicac¸ oes modeladas no Ambiente D-GM, como o algoritmo de Smith-Waterman e o m´etodo de Jacobi, apresentaram menor tempo de execuc¸ ao quando comparados com a implementac¸ ao anterior, no m´odulo VirD-GM de execuc¸ ao do Ambiente D-GM
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Fonseca, Vanessa Souza da. "VirD-GM: Uma Contribuição Para o Modelo de Distribuição e Paralelismo do Projeto D-GM." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2008. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/37.
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Previous issue date: 2008-08-07This research describes the main contributions of the VirD-GM (Virtual Distributed Geometric Machine Model) for the model of parallelism and distribution of the Project D-GM (Distributed Geometric Machine Project). In order to provide the abstractions of the GM model (Geometric Machine) on a platform to support the implementation distributed and / or parallel computations, the middleware EXEHDA (Execution Environment for High Distributed Applications) is considered as the execution environment. The work enabled to create and manage an environment of parallel and directed programming, and promote the implementation, in this environment, of applications developed in the visual environment VPE-GM (Visual Programming Environment for the Geometric Machine Model). These applications are, by nature, parallel and restricted to the study of parallel algorithms for Scientific Computation. The work focuses on the design and construction of the software architecture of the VirD-GM, which is responsible for managing parallel computations obtained by the application of process constructors defined by the GM model. In this context, this research does not only disposes the construction of the structural vision of the project D-GM but also consolidates its integration with the functional vision. It is characterized by an extension of the visual environment VPEGM, which is responsible for the environment development and code generation for the Project D-GM. Among the main contributions, one may consider: (i) formalization of the concepts of concurrency and conflict intermittent with the notions of communication and synchronization of processes, directly related to the space-time structure of the GM model; (ii) modeling and implementation of the loading, management and control structures of the VirD-GM; (iii) implementation and customization of services provided by the EXEHDA; (iv) construction of the levels of applications, support of execution environment and basic systems; (v) data flow control and manipulation of adjacency matrix related to concurrent computations, including the implementation of barriers of synchronization. The prototyping of VirD-GM and avaliaton achieved through the development of test applications have implemented the viability of theoretical-practical approach proposed in Project D-GM
Este trabalho descreve as principais contribuic¸ oes da VirD-GM (Virtual Distributed Geometric Machine Model) para o modelo de distribuic¸ ao e paralelismo do Projeto D-GM (Distributed Geometric Machine Project). Para disponibilizar as abstrac¸ oes do modelo GM (Geometric Machine) em uma plataforma com suporte `a execuc¸ ao distribu ´ıda e/ou concorrente, considera-se o middleware EXEHDA ( Execution Environment for High Distributed Applications) como ambiente de suporte `a execuc¸ ao. O trabalho possibilitou criar e gerenciar um ambiente de programac¸ ao paralela e distribu´ıda, bem como promover a execuc¸ ao, sob este ambiente, das aplicac¸ oes desenvolvidas no ambiente visual VPE-GM (Visual Programming Environment for the Geometric Machine Model). Estas aplicac¸ oes s ao, por natureza, paralelas e direcionadas ao estudo de algoritmos paralelos para a Computac¸ ao Cient´ıfica. O trabalho est´a centrado na concepc¸ ao e construc¸ ao da arquitetura de software da VirD-GM, respons´avel pelo gerenciamento das computac¸ oes paralelas obtidas pela aplicac¸ ao de construtores de processos definidos no modelo GM. Neste contexto, esta dissertac¸ ao n ao s´o viabilizou construc¸ ao da vis ao estrutural do projeto D-GM como tamb´em consolidou sua integrac¸ ao com a vis ao funcional, caracterizada pela extens ao do ambiente VPE-GM, respons´avel pelo ambiente de desenvolvimento e gerac¸ ao de c´odigo para o Projeto D-GM. Dentre as principais contribuic¸ oes, destacam-se: (i) formalizac¸ ao das noc¸ oes de concorr encia e conflito intermitentes com as noc¸ oes de comunicac¸ ao e sincronizac¸ ao de processos, diretamente relacionadas com a estrutura espac¸o-temporal do modelo GM; (ii) definic¸ ao compreendendo a modelagem e implementac¸ ao dos m´odulos de carregamento, gerenciamento e controle da VirD-GM; (iii) estudo, aplicac¸ ao e customizac¸ ao dos servic¸os disponibilizados pelo middleware EXEHDA; (iv) implementac¸ ao das camadas de aplicac¸ ao, de suporte ao ambiente de execuc¸ ao e de sistemas b´asicos; (v) controle do fluxo de dados e manipulac¸ ao das depend encias entre as computac¸ oes concorrentes pelo uso de matrizes de adjac encias, incluindo a implementac¸ ao de barreiras de sincronizac¸ ao, garantindo a correta execuc¸ ao. A prototipac¸ ao da VirD-GM e a avaliac¸ ao obtida com o desenvolvimento de aplicac¸ oes de teste demonstraram a viabilidade da abordagem te´orica-pr´atica proposta no Projeto D-GM
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West, Brianna Rose. "Hyperspectral imagery combined with machine learning to differentiate genetically modified (GM) and non-GM canola." Thesis, West, Brianna Rose (2022) Hyperspectral imagery combined with machine learning to differentiate genetically modified (GM) and non-GM canola. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2022. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/64579/.
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Canola, also known as rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), is an oilseed that produces a healthy food-grade oil, canola meal by-product, and biofuel. It is the fourth most grown grain in Australia. Genetically modified (GM) canola currently represents approximately twenty percent of national canola production; hence, with clashing public and industry perceptions of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), transparency and traceability must be enabled throughout the supply chain to protect markets and relationships with consumers. GM canola must not cross-contaminate non-GM canola as our largest export market, Europe, has extremely strict protocols on GMOs. GM and non-GM canola cannot be differentiated by the human eye, with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods currently the main alternative, which is expensive and time-consuming. This thesis evaluates the potential to differentiate GM from non-GM canola using the novel, rapid, and non-destructive technique of hyperspectral imaging combined with machine learning.
Hyperspectral imagery captures and processes wavelengths beyond simply red, green, and blue. It has a pre-existing multitude of uses including the characterisation and variety identification of other grains. In this study 500 images each of non-GM and GM canola seeds were captured. Seeds were placed on a black background with two lights sources. Images were captured from the 400nm to 1000nm wavelengths, a total of 80 bands, at a 25-millisecond exposure time. These images were run through a convolutional neural network in Keras for analysis. The high dynamic range and raw files were combined into a NumPy file for the hyperspectral image generator. Contrary to expectations, however, the models using the bitmap image files performed similarly to the models receiving the hyperspectral images. Regardless, both produced high validation accuracies around 90%, indicating a detectable phenotypical difference between the two, and further studies could lead to the development of a new approach to GM canola detection.
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Spence, Alexa. "Attitudes and behaviour towards GM food." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13014/.
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The aim of this thesis was to examine attitudes towards genetically modified (GM) food and how these translate into behaviour. Research conducted divided quite neatly into two distinct sections. The first section explored explicit attitudes and other socio-cognitive constructs relating to behaviour towards GM food within the framework of different theoretical models including, most notably, the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991). The second section measured implicit attitudes held towards GM food and the malleability of these attitudes, using an array of different reaction time tasks, e. g. the implicit association task (Greenwald, McGhee and Schwartz, 1998). A final experiment then linked these two sections by examining both implicit and explicit attitudes alongside various measures of behaviour in order to examine the predictive validity of these attitude constructs and how these may vary depending on the situation. Results indicated that socio-cognitive concepts of subjective norms, perceived behavioural control (PBC), self-identity and emotional involvement were useful alongside the construct of explicit attitudes in predicting intentions and behaviour towards GM food. In addition, measures of implicit attitude were found to be useful predictors of behaviour towards GM food, over and above explicit attitudes. Interestingly, measurementso f implicit attitude were found to be positive when measured in a context free manner but were also found to be malleable and differed considerably depending on the situational context of measurement. Actual behaviour was measured in a variety of different ways and these converged in demonstrating that the majority of participants would try GM food. Overall, findings indicated that within Britain more people than previously thought are likely to try GM food if it becomes more widely available.
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Edsander-Nord, Åsa. "Pedicled and free TRAM flaps in breast reconstructions : a comparative study /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4360-5/.
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Parkinson, Anne. "The Lost Stakeholder: A Case Study of Risk and Trust Perceptions Held by Canola Farmers in NSW and the Implications for Policy Making in the Area of Biotechnology, Environment and Agriculture." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365501.
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The endeavour to ‘redesign’ life at the molecular level has been widely characterised as controversial. Subsequently, agricultural biotechnology has rarely been out of the news in Australia and elsewhere throughout the last few decades during its development. Proponents are certain of the benefits, while critics are equally certain of the costs or hazards. Such polarisation is especially intense with regard to the introduction of genetically modified (GM) food crops. This thesis presents the findings from a survey of Australian canola farmers and their perspectives on the widescale introduction and regulation of GM food crops in Australia in relation to scientific, social, environmental and commercial risk and uncertainty. It also draws upon an analysis of GM regulation in Australia to determine how farmers have been involved in GM technology policy making...Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental Sciences
Faculty of Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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VARACCA, ALESSANDRO. "Problematiche commerciali ed organizzative nelle filiere di mais e soia: il ruolo dei prodotti GM e non-GM." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10806.
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Da oltre vent’anni l’Unione Europea (UE) è protagonista di un acceso dibattito circa l’orami vasta adozione di OGM in agricoltura. Laddove la maggior parte dei paesi Nord e Sud americani ha già largamente introdotto tali colture, l’UE è invece in forte ritardo, complice una legislazione basata sul Principio di Precauzione. Queste discrepanze nei i processi legislativi hanno portato a galla alcune problematiche di carattere commerciale: primo, la riduzione delle disponibilità di materia prima non-OGM costituisce un problema per la stabilità delle filiere ad essa dedicate; secondo, il commercio di prodotti convenzionali è compromesso dalla possibilità di riscontrare varietà OGM non approvate in UE all’interno delle partite provenienti da paesi terzi. In ultimo, data l’ampia diffusione di OGM nelle Americhe, è lecito porsi il quesito di come tale tendenza abbia influito sui prezzi delle materie prime agricole. In questa tesi si cercherà di analizzare queste tematiche. Per prima cosa, ci occupiamo di capire come la filiera della soia non-OGM italiana sia organizzata e gestita in modo da minimizzare i rischi di presenza avventizia. La conclusione è che le forme di governance ibride garantiscono la migliore forma di gestione. Successivamente ci domandiamo se le diversità legislative in materia di OGM abbiamo un impatto sull’import Europeo di mais e soia. Utilizzando l’analisi della domanda, riscontriamo che i paesi esportatori competono o sul prezzo o in base alla disponibilità stagionale di prodotto. In ultimo, utilizzando serie storiche, analizziamo il ruolo del tasso di adozione di soia OGM sui prezzi reali; ciò che osserviamo indica che questo ha un effetto deflattivo di breve periodo, ma di scarso peso.The debate on the increasing adoption of GMOs in agriculture has been in vogue for the last twenty years. Whereas most North and South American countries have largely adopted GMOs, the European Union (EU) has not. Since the EU legislation is based on the Precautionary Principle, the introduction of new GM varieties has been slow. These discrepancies put forward some fundamental issues: first, the decreasing availability of non-GM raw materials poses the sustainability of these supply chains at risk; second, the trade of conventional products is undermined by the possible occurrence of unauthorized GMOs in overseas. Last, the wide adoption of GM crops in North and Latin America poses the question of what effect the spreading of biotechnology in agriculture has exerted on market prices. In this thesis, we try to answer these three research questions. First of all, we investigate how the Italian supply chain for non-GM soybean meal is framed and managed in order to reduce the risk of adventitious presence. We find that hybrid organizations represent the best governance form. Next, we assess the role of legislative diversities (regarding GMOs) on EU import decisions through import demand analysis. We conclude that competition among exporters is solely based on price and seasonality. Last, we disentangle the role of GMOs adoption on the variability of US soybean prices. Results indicate that a higher rate of adoption reduces real soybean market prices, yet the effect is short lived and not much relevant.
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Hallsworth, Matthew Pearce. "GM-CSF and eosinophil survival in asthma." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341883.
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Parajuli, Purushottam. "Design and Simulation of All-CMOS Temperature-Compensated gm-C Bandpass Filters and Sinusoidal Oscillators." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1311859702.
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Snelling, Anne. "Stratford GM school : a policy and its impact." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30983.
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The process of decentralization and moves to greater self-management in schools have been part of an international trend for some years. In England and Wales, the most extreme form of self-management was introduced by the Conservative Government which established grant-maintained schools in the 1988 Education Reform Act. It was, arguably, the most controversial development in education policy in this country. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the GM policy, its implementation and impact on practice, through the study of a single grant-maintained school, its struggle for incorporation and its operation during a turbulent period. The subject of the case study is Stratford School in East London, one of the earliest schools to opt out. The research, which draws upon documentary evidence and interviews with governors, staff and pupils, has five areas of focus: the opting-out process, the role of head and governors, relationships with the local education authority, school improvement and parental involvement - choice and diversity. In many respects, the Stratford experience supports the outcomes of other research and mirrors what happened in other GM schools. There are findings from this research, however, which run counter to what took place in most GM schools. The story vividly illustrates how a GM school could go wrong and slide out of control. Yet, despite its many difficulties, the school not only survived to prove its opponents wrong, it flourished, gaining public recognition for its progress and the substantial improvement in pupil achievement. The researcher presents Stratford School as a unique case which throws light on both the GM policy during its ten year life span and the concept of self-management which is still very much on the agenda of both major political parties. It, therefore, is of historical interest and contemporary significance to those interested in self-management in schools.
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Kayrish, Matthew Greco. "Robust GM Wiener Filter in the Complex Domain." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19230.
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Space-Time Adaptive Processing is a signal processing technique that uses an adaptive array to help remove nonhomogeneous data points from a dataset. Since the early 1970s, STAP has been used in radar systems for their ability to "filter clutter, interference and jamming signals. One major flaw with early STAP radar systems is the reliance on non-robust estimators to estimate the noise condition. When even a single outlier is present, the earliest STAP radar systems would break down, causing the target to be missed. Many algorithms have been developed to successfully estimate the noise condition of the dataset when outliers are present. As recently as 2007, a STAP radar processing system based on Adaptive Complex Projection Statistics has been proposed and successfully"filters out the noise condition even when outliers are present. However, this algorithm requires the data to be entirely real. Radar data, which consists of amplitude and phase, is complex valued. Therefore, it must be converted into its rectangular components before processing can commence. This introduces many additional processing steps which significantly increase the computing time. The STAP radar algorithm of this thesis overcomes the problems with early radar systems. It is based on the Complex GM Wiener Filter (CGMWF) with the Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD) for outlier detection. The robustness of the conventional Wiener "lter is enhanced by robust Huber Estimator, and using the MCD enables processing entirely in the complex domain. This results in a STAP radar algorithm with a breakdown point of nearly 35% and that enables processing entirely in the complex domain for fewer computing steps.Master of Science
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Gouws, Marijke. "The refuge concept in insect resistance management :|bits history and future application in South Africa / M. Gouws." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9168.
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Genetically modified (GM) crops developed for insect control express cry genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). These genes produce target specific insecticidal proteins that protect the plant against insect pest attacks throughout the growing season. The largest threat to the continued success of these insecticidal GM crops is the potential development of target pest resistance. Models and theories suggested several possible strategies to delay the development of resistance. Of these strategies the high-dose/refuge strategy was selected as the optimal insect resistance management (IRM) option and is currently implemented throughout the world. The high-dose/refuge strategy comprises planting Bt maize plants that produce high doses of the toxin and non-Bt plants (refugia) in close proximity to one another. The theory behind this strategy is that the high dose of toxin kills nearly all the individuals of the target pest while the refuge area sustains susceptible pest individuals that survive on the crop and mate with survivors on the Bt crop. Recent reports of resistance development to Bt crops has raised questions about the refuge concept. In the cases where resistance has developed it was largely ascribed to non- compliance to the prescribed refuge requirements or non-functionality of the refuge approach. The Bt crops used throughout the world were developed in North America against the insect pests that occur there. Since there are differences in the lifecycles and behaviour of insect species targeted by Bt crops the refuge areas also needs to be specified for different target pests. For example, the currently used IRM strategies do not differentiate between polyphagous and monophagous pests and also do not take into account differences that exist in biology and behaviour of different pest species. These IRM strategies have also been developed mainly with large scale commercial farming systems in mind and do not take into account farming systems in developing countries. Current IRM strategies need to be revised and adapted for use by small-scale African farmers.Thesis (MSc (Environmental Sciences))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Münch, Matthias, and Kai Münch. "Wachstumsstrategien: Toyota vs. GM – organisches Wachstum vs. integrierendes Wachstum." Thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1156176104336-31322.
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Die vorangegangen Darstellungen haben gezeigt, auf welchen Art und Weise verschiedene Unternehmen zu Größe und Macht gelangen können. Dabei verdeutlichen die gewählten Fallbeispiele sehr genau, wie unterschiedlich die Wege zum Erfolg beschrieben werden können. Auf der einen Seite sehen wir die General Motors Corporation, die schon seit den ersten Tagen des Automobils eine Strategie der Expansion durch externen Unternehmenszukauf betreibt. Ihr gegenüber steht Toyota, ein Automobilhersteller der seinen Erfolg hauptsächlich der Nutzung des eigenen internen Entwicklungspotentials verdankt. Beide zusammen repräsentieren die zwei größten Automobilkonzerne der Welt.
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Dong, Zhiwei. "Low-power, low-distortion constant transconductance Gm-C filters." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25400.
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Bailie, Karen Elizabeth Margaret. "G-CSF and GM-CSF : effects on neonatal neutrophils." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482043.
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Agyare, Jimima. "The politics and governance of GM agriculture in Africa." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518757.
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Mirabella, Fabio. "Regulation of the human IL-3/GM-CSF locus." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487744.
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The human Interleukin-3 (IL-3) and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating-Factor (GM-CSF) genes are two closely linked cytokine genes that are located within a conserved cytokine gene cluster. They are expressed in an inducible tissue-specific manner in a variety of haemopoietic cell types, and they contribute to the regulation of inflammatory responses arid haemopoiesis. For this reason their expression is strictly regulated. The experiments in this thesis describe an investigation into the factors and DNA elements involved in the control and regulation of these genes during T cell development. They focus in particular on the roles that DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) and the nuclear proteins CTCF and RAD21 play within the GM-CSF/IL-3 gene locus.
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Scott, Maggie. "Plural rationalities, contested expertise : UK scientists and GM crops." Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424827.
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One important aspect of the UK societal debate regarding genetic modification (GM) of food crops is the non-acceptance by the public of 'science-based' assurances by spokespersons from Industry and Government. A feature of the GM controversy has been scientific experts on opposite sides of the debate disagreeing in public. This research examines factors underlying that dispute. Scientists who have expressed their views on GM in the public arena and who represent different positions on the spectrum of opinion were interviewed in depth. Rather than simply pointing towards a pro-GM technocratic government-industry coalition, challenged by anti-GM protagonists calling for a more democratic, participative approach, the data are interpreted here as showing a more complex interaction, which corresponds to that predicted by cultural theory. A cultural theory interpretation of the data has theorised that the scientists' different perspectives on the risks and benefits of GM technology and on the causes and preferred solutions to the GM controversy, are based on cultural biases and the associated four 'myths of nature'. The key features of these four different perspectives can be summarised as being an emphasis on: coercion/holism (autonomous), participation (egalitarian), regulation (hierarchist) and competition (individualist). The scientists offer conflicting accounts about the influence of values on the nature of scientific knowledge used in GM technology. Further, each holder of a particular perspective does not understand the basis for the positions of their opponents. The cultural influence on scientists' perspectives identified in this study may be under-recognised, unacknowledged or misunderstood by policy makers. The implications are that the status of a dominant rationality of a single, objective, identifiable 'sound science' on which policy-makers base regulation and risk management decisions should be questioned. An improved understanding of these influences may lead to a realisation that GM decisions are actually choices made between plural rationalities. PhD Thesis PLURAL RATIONALITIES, CONTESTED EXPERTISE: UK SCIENTISTS AND GM CROPS Maggie Scott Bsc (Hons) Faculty of Technology The Open University 31 May 2005
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Bringas, Egúsquiza Luis Fernando, Ashuy Luis Guillermo Garro, Rojas Martin Percy Quintana, and Saca Raúl Rios. "Plan estratégico para Transportes GM Internacional S.A.C. 2016 - 2021." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7584.
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xvii, 101 h. : il. ; 30 cmLa presente tesis desarrolla el plan estratégico de la empresa de Transportes GM Internacional S.A.C., que es una empresa familiar que brinda servicio de transporte interprovincial de pasajeros en la región centro del país, el presente trabajo plantea una propuesta de valor en la industria del transporte interprovincial de pasajeros para ser implementada por Transportes GM Internacional, en la que se busca asegurar el liderazgo de la empresa y su sostenibilidad mediante una mayor participación en el mercado y una mayor fidelización del cliente. La metodología aplicada es la del Proceso Estratégico planteado por D´Alessio (2008) en su libro El proceso estratégico: Un enfoque de gerencia, el cual tiene un desarrollo sistémico y secuencial, para levantar información se realizó una revisión exhaustiva en las publicaciones del sector transportes, se buscó información en la prensa escrita especializada y se efectuaron entrevistas a funcionarios de la empresa. De acuerdo al contexto y del análisis efectuado a Transportes GM Internacional, la empresa debe crecer y posicionarse en la región centro del país, y para lograrlo debe aplicar estrategias genéricas de liderazgo en costo y con estrategias específicas intensivas y de diversificación, debiendo invertir en infraestructura física y tecnológica, así como mejorar la calidad del servicio y garantizar su sostenibilidad en el tiempo
This thesis develops the strategic plan of the company Transportes GM International SAC, which is a family company that offers service of interprovincial passenger transport in the central region of the country, this paper presents a value proposition in the interprovincial transport passenger industry to be implemented by GM International SAC, in which it seeks to ensure the leadership of the Company and its sustainability through increasing the Market Share and a get a greater customer loyalty. The methodology used is the Strategic Process raised by Dr. Fernando D'Alessio Ipinza in his book "The Strategic Process, management approach" which has a systemic and sequential development; to lift information a comprehensive review was undertaken in the transport sector publications, information was sought in the specialized press, and interviews with company officials were made. Depending on the context and analysis conducted Transport GM International SAC, the company must grow and position in the central region of the country and to achieve this should apply generic strategies of leadership in cost and specific intensive and diversification strategies, having to invest in physical infrastructure and technology and improve service quality and ensure their sustainability over time
Tesis
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Grant, Olivia M. "GM-CSF Stress-Induced Priming of the Dendritic Cell." Ohio Dominican University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oduhonors1449522036.
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Adkins, Karissa Kathleen 1971. "Glucocorticoid regulation of GM-CSF in bronchial epithelial cells." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282844.
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Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Glucocorticoids are first line antiinflammatory therapy in the treatment of asthma and are effective inhibitors of inflammatory cytokines. Clinical data demonstrate that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production by airway epithelial cells may be an important target of inhaled glucocorticoid therapy. In this study, the regulatory mechanisms of GM-CSF expression by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) were examined in the BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cell line. It is hypothesized that glucocorticoids inhibit GM-CSF production in these cells through transcriptional mechanisms involving induction of the NF-κB inhibitory protein, IκB-α. Treatment of the BEAS-2B cells with IL-1β induced GM-CSF protein and mRNA levels, and further investigation showed this induction was mediated through transcriptional mechanisms. DEX treatment of BEAS-2B cells inhibited IL-1β-induced GM-CSF protein and mRNA production. GM-CSF mRNA was rapidly degraded in these cells, and DEX treatment did not significantly affect this decay rate. These data suggest that dexamethasone repression of GM-CSF expression is mediated predominantly through transcriptional mechanisms. This study then examined expression of IκB-α in the BEAS-2B cells as a possible mechanism of glucocorticoid repression of GM-CSF. IκB-α RNA levels were minimally induced by DEX in these cells, but this did not result in concurrent induction of IκB-α protein. Additional analysis showed that DEX treatment of BEAS-2B cells did not prevent nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65, or IL-1β-induced degradation of IκB-α protein. From these data, this study concludes that induction of IκB-α is not a significant mechanism of glucocorticoid-mediated repression of GM-CSF in the BEAS-2B cells.
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Gambhir, Manisha. "Low power architecture and circuit techniques for high boost wideband Gm-C filters." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5941.
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With the current trend towards integration and higher data rates, read channel
design needs to incorporate significant boost for a wider signal bandwidth. This
dissertation explores the analog design problems associated with design of such
'Equalizing Filter' (boost filter) for read channel applications.
Specifically, a 330MHz, 5th order Gm-C continuous time lowpass filter with
24dB boost is designed. Existing architectures are found to be unsuitable for low power,
wideband and high boost operation. The proposed solution realizes boosting zeros by
efficiently combining available transfer functions associated with all nodes of cascaded
biquad cells. Further, circuit techniques suitable for high frequency filter design are
elaborated such as: application of the Gilbert cell as a variable transconductor and a new
Common-Mode-Feedback (CMFB) error amplifier that improves common mode
accuracy without compromising on bandwidth or circuit complexity. A prototype is
fabricated in a standard 0.35mm CMOS process. Experimental results show -41dB of
IM3 for 250mV peak to peak swing with 8.6mW/pole of power dissipation.
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Yang, Nianji Eric. "THE ROLE OF GM-CSF IN MACROPHAGE POLARISATION IN RESPONSE TO TROPOELASTIN-COATED POLYETHYLENE IMPLANTS IN VIVO." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15866.
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Our previous studies have shown that the incorporation of tropoelastin (TE) improves the biocompatibility of silk fibroin and low density polyethylene (PE). With the coating or blending of tropoelastin, both biomaterials underwent a favourable foreign body inflammatory response. Macrophage is a key cell in the biomaterial-induced inflammation and can be polarized into two main phenotypes (M1/M2) capable of inducing either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles during host responses. The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible underling mechanism of the improved biocompatibility with tropoelastin coating in terms of macrophage response. The macrophage infiltration and polarization was evaluated in vivo using C57BL/6 (wide-type) mice (n=32) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor knock out (GM-CSF-/-) mice (n=32). PE-only (n=8), plasma immersion ion implantation treated PE (PIII) (n=8), PIII with one layer TE coating PE (PIII+TE, n=8) and PIII with double layers TE coating PE (PIII+2TE, n=8) were implanted subcutaneously into the back of mice separately. However, the group of PIII+TE was excluded. Implants were harvested at weeks 1, 2, 4 and 8. In addition, GM-CSF-/- mice model was used to investigate whether GM-CSF was the key cytokine in the adjustment of foreign body reaction. Our results show that tropoelstin affects the macrophage response in host responses. PIII+2TE decreased the infiltrative numbers of macrophages (F4/80+ cells), and elevated the percentage of M2 cells (F4/80+Ym-1+Arg-1+ cells) compared to PE-only during the acute inflammation. In addition, lower levels of macrophages with higher proportion of M2 cells were observed in GM-CSF-/- mice among three biomaterials. Based on the previous results, this study further demonstrated that PE with PIII+2TE modification can mitigate inflammatory response, defined mainly by higher number of M2 cells in the capsule of implantation. It also indicated that the deficiency of GM-CSF influenced the infiltration and M2 polarisation of macrophage. In conclusion, tropoelastin was assumed to elevate M2 percentage at the site of implantation via downregulation of GM-SCF. However, further investigations are needed to elucidate the downstream of GM-CSF in the polarisation of macrophage.
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Costa, Font Monserrat. "Consumer Acceptance, Choice and Attitudes towards Genetically Modified (GM) Food." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7059.
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La introducció de noves tecnologies en l'àmbit agroalimentari ha revolucionat la eficiència pel que fa al sector productiu, si bé també ha tingut efectes rellevants pel que fa a la demanda, que cal analitzar amb profunditat. Aquest és el cas dels productes modificats genèticament, que solen ser productes de consum habitual, per la qual cosa han creat una important polèmica.Hi ha diferents agents del mercat que participen en aquest debat, com és el cas dels productors, els quals en poden obtenir benefici pel que fa a millores en eficiència i reducció de costos. Tanmateix, és essencial tenir en compte l'opinió dels consumidors alhora d'analitzar els límits comercials de les noves tecnologies.
Per a conèixer l'opinió dels consumidors cal entendre el seu procés d'elecció i de valoració dels productes agroalimentaris, com també el seu comportament a l'hora de prendre decisions en el mercat alimentari.
Aquesta tesis comença amb una extensa revisió bibliogràfica en relació a les actituds dels consumidors vers els productes modificats genèticament.
Seguidament s'analitza la intenció de compra dels consumidors utilitzant experiments d'elecció. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi s'ha assolit amb els subsegüents capítols on s'han analitzat els diferents elements cognitius que porten a l'individu a la intenció final de compra. La metodologia emprada ha estat principalment equacions estructurals i experiments d'elecció.
S'han emprat diferents bases de dades per a poder contrastar totes les hipòtesis plantejades en l'estudi.
La principal contribució d'aquesta tesi ha estat determinar quins son els elements que cal considerar per entendre el procés de decisió del consumidors vers els aliments modificats genèticament, com també determinar que existeix un clar escepticisme en la societat pel que fa a aquests productes. Les conclusions d'aquesta tesi posen en manifest la necessitat de una millor estratègia de comunicació que permeti als consumidors una percepció de millor i major qualitat d'informació en relació a aquests productes.
The introduction of new technologies in food production not only has revolutioned its productive efficiency but has exerted important demand side effects that cannot be dismissed and require careful analysis. This is especially the case of genetically modified (GM) food, typical daily consumed products (e.g. GM milk, tomato, maize, etc) given its considerable interest and worldwide public controversy. Several stakeholders are place, on the one hand, farmers and manufactures perceive potential benefits from efficiency improvements as well as costs, mainly resulting from the need to reimburse intellectual property rights for new foods. From a demand side, GM food brings new products in the food chain and ultimately fulfils to an extent a latent consumer's preference for diversity. Hence, in order to determine the limits of technology dissemination and transfer it becomes a key issue to examine and disentangle which demand side factors stand behind technology acceptance. This calls for a better understanding of consumer choice, its valuation and the behavioural decision making process.
The valuation of a new technology good implies the provision of information from several sources - public and private, formal and informal, etc - while conditioning on the credibility and trustworthiness of each relevant information source. Given the information available, a further issue concerns attitude expression and formation, which ultimately leads to the final question regarding product valuation and consumer preference. Interestingly, attitude formation for the case of new food generations is found to be explained by a combination of risk and benefit perceptions, based on different elements such as a general attitude towards science, knowledge, trust, education and values, among others.
This thesis begins with an extensive review of the literature on attitudes towards GM agro-food products- chapter 2- by means of a literature review. Next it conducts a study on consumers' final intentions towards agro - food products, entailing the application of choice experiments - chapter 3. moreover, the main core of this dissertation is aiming at examining what gives rise to the final choice (chapters 4 to 6). The methodologically employed relies on structural equation modelling, although in each chapter different databases have been used. The relative strengths of each database allow us taking into account the information required to test specific hypotheses. Finally, some conclusions are drawn in chapter 7 which summarises the main findings of each chapter and put them in context of the main discussion questions examined in this thesis.
The main contribution of this thesis has been to point out a set of features that condition choice, intentions and revealed purchase intentions regarding GM food. Our wok is innovative in that: 1) it contains an innovative literature review; 2) develops choice modelling of scenarios that includes, apart from methodological features, the choice between GM processed and organic food; and 3) unlike most of behavioural analysis it exploits using structural equation modelling, several theoretical structures that explain decision making and, particularly, the role of broader attitudes towards science and technology in influencing purchase intentions alongside the effect of both risks attitudes and risk perceptions in determining consumer acceptance.
The sequence and findings of the thesis can be summarized as follows: drawing from an exhaustive review of published finding regarding public intentions towards GM food we conclude that there is consumer's scepticism explaining a negative valuation towards GM food. However, the most important outcome has been to find that final purchasing intention is the result of a complex decision process which only has been partially explained in the literature. Therefore, upon the definition of a general theoretical model this thesis has tried to explain in the different chapters some specific issues of such model as well as to validate it in a croos - country exercise in the last chapter. Results from this study rises a key policy implication: the need of a well defined communication stralegy to provide information in such a way that allows individuals to feel adequately informed.
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Yamaura, Koichi. "Market power of the Japanese non-GM soybean import market." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/827.
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Attar, Mohammed Arif. "A critical discourse analysis of the 'GM Nation?' public debate." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1399.
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The increasing application of science and technology, while having reduced uncertainties and threats to mankind (like impacts of natural disasters), has also created new uncertainties in terms of risks and ethics. Environmental risks from new technological innovations and ethical questions raised by developments in genetics are the defining uncertainties associated with technology in our risk society. Also the current socio-economic order is a knowledge-driven one. This ‘knowledge-based’ society also implies that it is a discourse driven order, with language playing a more critical role in contemporary socio-economic changes than it has in the past. Policy makers around the world, in response to these new challenges to technological innovations thrown up by this risk society, have started moving away from expert-based governance of science and technology and towards governance based on transparency, public dialogue and democratic engagement. It is within this context that this research analyses, using a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) perspective, the largest ever public engagement exercise conducted in the UK – the 2003 ‘GM Nation?’ public debate on the possible commercialisation of genetically modified crops in the UK. The primary aim of conducting this piece of research is to have a better and deeper understanding of the process of engaging the public in policy-making on technological issues. This includes analysing the aspiration to normative democratic ideals of public-engagement exercises and the role of the public in technological transition. The aspect of relations of power and domination between participants in public engagement exercises has been largely neglected in the empirical literature and this research aims at exploring these aspects in detail through the use of CDA as a research method. The findings of this research point to the ideological influence of the discourse of the market or, more generally, the neoliberal discourse in the contemporary socio-economic environment in the UK. This research concludes that the agriculture regime in the UK continues to operate under the selection pressure of the economic discourse despite the emergence of niche counter discourses of sustainability in recent years.
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Gilliam, Lucy. "Impact of anti-microbial GM plants on soil microbial populations." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485401.
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The environmental risk assessment of GM plants is a fast moving area of science. Much research has focused on developing methods to evaluate potential effects on a range of organisms. Microorganisms play an essential role in many soil processes, with the rhizosphere as the prominent site of microbial activity. There is a general need for protocols to assess the effect of anthropogenic influences, the use of different crops and crop rotation an.d as well as GM plants, on the microbial community within the soil. The rhizosp~eres of three crop plants Brassica napus (Oilseed rape), Triticum aestivum (Wheat) and Solanum tuberosum (Potato) were compared using both genetic and functional diversity methods. The rhizospheres of four cultivars of potato were compared; GM potato (variety Kardal) modified with an anti-fungal transgene, GM potato (variety Kardal) with no transgene inserted (empty vector), parental .- line of potato (variety Kardal) and a different cultivar (variety Russet-Burbank). Genetic diversity of bacterial populations isolated from the rhizosphere were compared using PCR amplified DNA of 168 rRNA with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to obtain community fingerprints. Activity of the microbial populations was assessed using Biolog G.N MicroPlate™ community substrate utilisation and enzyme activity using a microplate method based on substrates linked to the fluorescent compounds methylumbelliferone (MUB) and 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (AMC). By comparing the ~M plants to non-GM plants and other crops, observed differences are placed in context. This work shows that the GM line examined.appears to have little effect on soil microbial populations. Detected effects of1he GM potato line were minor compared with other sources of variation observed between plants cultivar or crop species, management practices and sampling time. To date, there has been little evidence that cultivation of GM plants leads to significant changes in microbial popUlations.
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Scott, Susan Elizabeth. "Predicting transgene movement from GM oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314253.
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Melo, Arito Lima. "Projecto de filtros integrados gm-C para aplicações sem fios." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7618.
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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de ComputadoresEsta Dissertação descreve o trabalho na área de síntese de filtros. A necessidade de implementar filtros em altas frequências, torna aconselhável a utilização de filtros implementados com amplificadores de transcondutância (OTAs) e condensadores, vulgarmente denominados de filtros Gm-C. Neste trabalho são descritas as diversas fases que constituem o projecto de filtros analógicos. Sendo posteriormente feita uma descrição das metodologias adoptadas na implementação de um ambiente desenvolvido para o projecto automático de filtros Gm-C. Este ambiente foi desenvolvido em Matlab e permite, uma vez fornecidas as especificações de um filtro passa baixo, obter o diagrama de blocos de um filtro Gm-C. De referir que se optou por implementar os filtros com base em protótipos passivos em escada, por forma a usufruir da baixa sensibilidade à variação de componentes deste tipo de filtros. A preocupação de obter filtros para altas frequências levou à utilização de uma metodologia baseada em equações de estado, que permite a determinação de um grafo de fluxo de sinal, cujo mapeamento para os blocos Gm-C é imediato.
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Chamla, David. "Filtres actifs Gm-C reconfigurables pour récepteurs mobiles multi-standards." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_63.pdf.
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L'objectif est d'étudier un bloc de terminal RF pour lequel la demande de reconfigurabilité est parmi les plus prononcées, dans le cadre des télécommunications mobiles des générations futures et dans l'optique de l'évolution des terminaux vers des systèmes multi-standards. Il s'agit du filtre actif analogique passe-bas en bande de base dans une chaîne de réception homodyne, qui doit s'adapter aux besoins du standard, au moins en terme d'ordre, de fréquence de coupure, de rapport signal à bruit et de linéarité. La philosophie de cette étude vise à obtenir un bloc de filtrage analogique reconfigurable à volonté. Après une description du contexte et un état de l'art extensif, nous proposons l'introduction d'une nouvelle figure de mérite qui permet de tenir compte du caractère singulier du contexte des radiocommunications mobiles multinormes, notamment en terme de flexibilité des structures et de l'appréciation du compromis bruit/linéarité au sein de ces systèmes. La configurabilité de systèmes de filtrages est ici abordée selon une approche double: - une première approche consiste à relâcher les contraintes d'accordabilité en utilisant la commutation d'éléments actifs, permettant alors de segmenter un large domaine en plusieurs sousdomaines plus accessibles en terme de spécifications électriques. La faisabilité d'un tel système est démontrée dans une technologie BiCMOS 0. 25µm - nous proposons ensuite une technique de construction de structures de filtres Gm-C configurable en topologie (type et ordre du filtre). Une architecture de contrôle numérique de la fréquence de coupure est par ailleurs proposée. Le démonstrateur du système est développé dans une technologie CMOS 0. 13 µm.
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Fumagalli, Chiara. "Bringing italians SME’s to Brazil: the case of GM Venture." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17579.
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The Italian business presence in Brazil has been characterizing, since years, the economic landscape of Brazil. More than 1300 Italian companies, from the biggest to the smallest one, are acting in Brazil, exploiting the overall potential of this country and contributing with the excellence they can bring. Noting the consistency of the Italian presence and wondering how those companies have entered such a complex country and, a recurring name has been GM Venture, which became the protagonist of this dissertation. The thesis in fact aims at studying how GM Venture Company has been able to create value for Italian SMEs, contributing to their success in Brazil during the last ten years. Therefore this analysis focuses firstly on the literature dealing with the key success factors for the internationalization of small-medium enterprises. The second part of the literature goes deep in the specific case of the Brazilian context, trying to understand the major problems that this particular environment poses to small-medium companies internationalizing here and some specific factors Italian companies should pay attention to. Given this introduction, the analysis centers on the core topic of this dissertation. In fact the investigation regarding the GM Venture case looks specifically at how this company has been able create value despite those problems and create a business model able to successfully support SMEs entering Brazil. The inquiry on the case and the conclusion reports how GM Venture, through its operations, has been able to respond to the Brazilian rtise, and positively contribute to the growth and value of the Italian economic reality in this country. Moreover looking at the literature findings, this specific case introduces some novelty in the emerged factors, such as a new way of conceiving the Network, as well as new factors or undervalued ones for success such as promptness in the response and trustworthiness, which are essential in the Brazilian economic environment.
Desde muitos anos a presença Italiana no Brasil foi caracterizante do panorama econômico brasileiro. Mais de mil trezentos empresas italianas, das maiores ate as menores, são presente hoje no Brasil, aproveitando inteiramente do potencial Brasileiro e levando no Brasil uma contribuição relevante no sistema econômico, por meio da excelência que caracteriza estas empresas Italianas. Olhando ao tamanhão da realidade das empresas italiana no Brasil, e como todas essas corporações podia ter entrado em um pais muito complexo, ponto central foi a GM Venture, que se tornou o protagonista da minha dissertação. Esso TCC tem o escopo de entender melhor como esses deis anos GM Venture conseguiu em criar valor econômico por muitas media e pequena empresas Italianas, levando eles ao sucesso no novo país. Por isso a dissertação se focaliza inicialmente sobre a literatura da internacionalização e dos fatores essenciais de sucesso por uma pequena e media empresa em general. O secundo fator de analise nela literatura para o caso especifico do contexto Brasileiro, foi a compreensão dos problemas principais que o Brasil põe para pequenas-medias empresas estrangeiras, e algumas atenções que são necessárias em particular para empresários italianos. Para evoluir no tema, depois de essa introdução ao tema e ao contexto, o tópico mais importante é discutido. Então a investigação de esse trabalho se focaliza sobre o tema de como a GM Venture tem capacidade de responder com uma solução para os problemas presentados criando valor, e como ela criou um modelo de business que seja capaz de levar ao sucesso as empresas clientes no Brasil. A analise e conclusão do caso vão elaborar como a GM Venturo contribuiu ao resolver e evitar a complexidade Brasileira com meios legais e experiência, cooperando em positivo no crescimento da realidade econômica italiana em Brasil. Olhando ainda mais na analise da literatura e comparando o caso, parece evidente como o caso da GM Venture introduziu algumas novidades nos fatores já individuados, como uma ideais nova de network, e no mesmo tempo foi capaz de presentar fatores novos o subestimado, como a pronta velocidade e a confiança nos relacionamento de business que são muito importantes especialmente no Brasil.
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Axéll, Gholizadeh Kaveh. "The use of GM(1,1) to predict tolerance in manufacturing." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232715.
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Vid tillverkningsteknik kan förutsägelse av fel vara fördelaktigt av flera anledningar. Att veta närmaskinen kommer att börja orsaka avvikelser som uppstår utanför den accepterade toleransenkan kraftigt minska mängden defekta produkter. Dessa fel är ofta orsakade av fixturerna, detmaterialet och slitaget av maskinverktyget.Idag används statistiska metoder främst för att förutspå detta, något som ger bra resultat men oftainte utförs eftersom det kräver stora mängder data. Många produktionslinor tillåter inte att storamängder produkter dras undan för mätning eftersom det kommer att störa flödet av linjen ochdärigenom orsaka en större förlust jämfört med några defektprodukter. Därför är behovet avmetoder som använder en mindre mängd data en intressant aspekt att undersöka.Denna rapport avser att undersöka hur algoritmen GM(1,1) kan användas för att förutspå fel iproduktionslinor. Fel som kan uppstå och som avhandlas i följande rapport inkluderarsystematiska orsakade av felaktigheter med inställningar på arbetsverktyget samt fel orsakadeutav nötning på arbetsverktyget, arbetet har grundat sig i att undersöka hur effektiv GM(1,1) ärför att förutspå ojämnheter på ytan i ett arbetsstycke.GM(1,1) har tidigare använts inom områden som ekonomi, medicin och samhällsanalyser för attförutse risker och tillväxt. Inom produktion har sådant tidigare gjorts bland annat genomtraditionella statistiska analyser samt genom approximationer utifrån verktygets geometri. Detförstnämnda är någonting som kräver stora mängder data för att ge gedigna resultat, något somofta gör att det inte lönar sig för företag att utföra detta. GM(1,1) har visat sig fungera väl medsmå mängder data och denna rapport avser att undersöka denna modells lämplighet för attförutspå dessa fel och se om ett intervall för toleranser kan tas fram.Denna studie har tagit fram förslag på modeller samt problemformuleringar som kan utgås ifrånnär modellera olika typer av produktionsfel när man ska förutspå dessa med GM(1,1).In manufacturing engineering, predicting errors can be beneficial for several reasons, knowingwhen the machine will start to cause deviations occurring outside the accepted tolerance cangreatly reduce the amount of defect products. These errors are often caused by the fixtures, theblank as well as abrasion of the machine tool.Today, statistical methods are primarily used to predict this, something that gives good resultsbut is often not performed because it requires large sample sizes. Many production lines does notallow withdrawal of larger samples for measurement since it will interfere with the flow of theline thus causing a larger loss compared to a few defect products. Therefore, the need ofprediction methods that uses a smaller amount of samples is of great interest.This report aims to investigate how the algorithm GM(1,1) can be used to predict errors inproduction lines. The work has been based on examining how effective GM(1,1) is to predictunevenness on the surface of the machines part.GM(1,1) has previously been used in areas such as economics, medicine and social analyzes topredict risks and growth. In production, such has been done in the past through, among otherthings, traditional statistical analyzes and approximations based on the geometry of the tool. Theformer is something that requires large amounts of data to produce solid results, something thatmakes companies not do these kinds of studies. GM(1,1) has proven to work well with smallamounts of data and this report intends to investigate the suitability of this model to predict theseerrors and see if an interval for tolerances can be obtained.The findings in this study supports the idea to some extent that grey models, specifically theGM(1,1) can be useful to predict certain errors/changes in manufacturing.
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Osborne, Cameron Stuart. "Transcriptional regulation of the GM-CSF gene in T lymphocytes /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pho81.pdf.
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McDonald, Anne-Lise Nadia Marina. "An evaluation of attitudes and behaviours towards food-related risks." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390638.
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Gustafsson, Johan, and Carolina Lindahl. "Hur ledningen integreras efter ett förvärv : Ford-Volvo och GM-Saab." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7872.
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Förvärv blir mer och mer vanligt inom affärsvärlden. Företag förvärvar andra företag som har de konkurrensfördelar som de vill komma åt. Det kan handla om att få mer kompetens eller utöka sin marknadsposition genom att förvärva företag med utvecklad produktion. Dessa olika motiv leder till olika integrationsprocesser.
Har ett företag flera motiv bakom ett förvärv ställer detta motstridiga krav på självständighet och beroende hos de båda företagen. Vissa förvärv kräver att integrationen är minimal för att inte förstöra det värdeskapande process som företaget vill åt. Samtidigt finns det förvärv som kräver en total integrering för att kunna utnyttja värdet vid produktionsresurser.
Uppsatsen handlar om den paradox som uppstår när ett företag är ute efter flera värden hos det tilltänkta företaget och detta kräver motstridiga integrationsprocesser som ställer höga krav på ledningen. Detta leder fram till syftet som lyder: Uppsatsen ska undersöka hur ledningen i det förvärvade företaget utformas när förutsättningarna kräver stor grad av självständighet hos det förvärvade företaget.
Den modell som används för att beskriva problematiken är framtagen av Haspeslah och Jemisons (1991) och beskriver integrationsprocessens krav på ömsesidigt strategiskt beroende i kombination med organisatorisk autonomi. Uppsatsen utvecklar deras resonemang och kompleterar modellen med nyckelfaktorer för hur en ledning ska utformas när det kommer till ett förvärv. Dessa nyckelfaktorer bygger främst på resonemang av Kitching (1967), Armour (2002) och Haspeslagh och Jemison (1991).
För att beskriva och analysera problematiken i verkligheten används två förvärv, GM:s förvärv av Saabs personbilsdivision samt Fords förvärv av Volvo personvagnar. Dessa två fall ställer höga krav på organisatorisk autonomi. Vi har främst använt oss av sekundär data inhämtade ur två böcker som beskriver de båda förvärven ur ett populärvetenskapligt perspektiv.
Det visade sig att de olika förvärven skiljer sig åt när det kom till utformningen av ledningen. GM bytte ut större delen av Saabs ledning medan Ford valde att behålla den ledning som redan existerade med några få undantag. De olika ledningarna uppfyllde till viss del de nyckelfaktorer som vi ansåg var viktiga vid en integrering. Det är däremot omöjligt att dra någon slutsats om lednings betydelse vid respektive utformning.
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Ciftcioglu, Mustafa Ulas. "Improving The Sub-cortical Gm Segmentation Using Evolutionary Hierarchical Region Merging." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613413/index.pdf.
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Segmentation of sub-cortical Gray Matter (GM) structures in magnetic resonance brain images is crucial in clinic and research for many purposes such as early diagnosis of neurological diseases, guidance of surgical operations and longitudinal volumetric studies. Unfortunately, the algorithms that segment the brain into 3 tissues usually suffer from poor performance in the sub-cortical region. In order to increase the detection of sub-cortical GM structures, an evolutionary hierarchical region merging approach, abbreviated as EHRM, is proposed in this study. Through EHRM, an intensity based region merging is utilized while merging is allowed to proceed among disconnected regions. Texture information is also incorporated into the scheme to prevent the region merging between tissues with similar intensity but different texture properties. The proposed algorithm is tested on real and simulated datasets. The performance is compared with a popular segmentation algorithm, which is also intensity driven: the FAST algorithm [1] in the widely used FSL suite. EHRM is shown to make a significant improvement the detection of sub-cortical GM structures. Average improvements of 10%, 36% and 22% are achieved for caudate, putamen and thalamus respectively. The accuracy of volumetric estimations also increased for GM and WM. Performance of EHRM is robust in presence of bias field. In addition, EHRM operates in O(N) complexity. Furthermore, the algorithm proposed here is simple, because it does not incorporate spatial priors such as an atlas image or intensity priors. With these features, EHRM may become a favorable alternative to the existing brain segmentation tools.
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Park, William Keun Chan. "Design and syntheses of GM(3)- and lactose-containing multivalent glycoconjugates." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9861.
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Cell-surface carbohydrates are known to be responsible for various cellular activities. These carbohydrates are involved in many recognition and adhesion processes acting as receptors for viruses, bacteria, toxins, hormones and other cells. The carbohydrates are present on the cell surface in branched forms and are conjugated with proteins and lipids which are embedded in the plasma membrane. Isolation and purification of glycoconjugates from natural sources are difficult to achieve. Thus, syntheses of chemically well-characterized, carbohydrate hapten-containing compounds are called for. In order to achieve this goal, the recently found concept of multivalency is used as a part of synthetic strategy. A ganglioside, GM$\sb3$ has been chosen as a carbohydrate hapten in syntheses of various glycoforms, and lactose has been used as a model-system for the GM$\sb3$. Both carbohydrate haptens have been modified to glycosyl azide forms so that a versatile N-acrylamido function could be provided by facile reduction and acryloylation. The GM$\sb3$ carbohydrate moiety has been constructed by coupling a lactosyl azide derivative as glycosyl acceptor and a thiophenyl sialoside as glycosyl donor in the presence of NIS/TfOH as promotor. Lactose- and GM$\sb3$-containing glycopolymers with different spacer arms and varied lengths have been synthesized. Double immunodiffusions of the GM$\sb3$-containing glycopolymers have been performed for evaluation of their binding interactions with WGA. A single-step reaction to provide a series of lactose-containing telomers has been examined as a facile route to glycoconjugate syntheses. Monomeric N-acrylamidolactose has been telomerized with t-butylmercaptan as telogen in the presence of AIBN as initiator. Similarly, the lactose-containing monomer with hexanoate spacer arm has been telomerized. A dimer was prepared by tethering two lactose-containing monomers with 1,3-propanedithiol. Both the telomers and the tethered dimer have been compared for their inhibitory potencies using a serological assay, enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). All telomers exihibited similar inhibitory potency to that of the free lactose, while the tethered dimer showed the highest inhibition against lactose-containing polymer among the compounds tested. In order to mimic the dendritic nature of cell-surface carbohydrates, synthetic dendrimers using gallic acid as a seeding molecule have been prepared. The dendrimers have been constituted of a 3$\rm\sp{n}$ increase in valency where n represents the n$\rm\sp{th}$ generation. The second generation dendrimer has been assembled using carbodiimide chemistry by coupling the parent amino-ester with the azido-acid daughter molecules. Using chemoselective de-S-acetylation by hydrazinium acetate, thioacetates of lactose derivatives were transformed into the corresponding thiols. The thiols have been conjugated to the electrophilic peripheries of the first and second generation dendrimers. Similarly, the thiols of lactose and lactosamine derivatives have been anchored to already available L-lysine-core dendrimers. These lactose-containing dendrimers have been evaluated for their bindings with the plant lectin Arachis Hypogaea (peanut lectin). The second generation gallic acid-based dendrimer showed strong precipitin band formation with the lectin whereas the first generation dendrimer did not form precipitin band.
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Voghell, Jean-Charles. "Réalisation de filtres analogiques Gm-C configurables dan les circuits intégrés." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0012/MQ60919.pdf.
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Schlag, Anne Katrin. "Expert and lay representations of GM food : implications for risk communication." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1946/.
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This thesis is conducted in two parts. The first part investigates expert and lay representations of GM food risk using the Carnegie Mellon University approach (Granger Morgan at al, 2002) and social representations theory (Moscovici,1984). Elite interviews were followed by focus group discussions with lay people to explore how GM food risks are understood by both parties. Expert and lay perceptions differ on a wide range of issues. In contrast to experts, lay participants are particularly concerned with various non-scientific risk dimensions, such as trust and values. These moral and ethical concerns cannot be addressed through the provision of scientific information alone as the Carnegie Mellon University approach suggests. Social representations theory offers an alternative to this top-down approach by showing that, rather than erroneous knowledge, lay participants' non-scientific concerns express ways of understanding GM food. The second part of the thesis focuses on one particular non-scientific dimension of lay GM food representations, namely the concept 'messing with nature', and examines the social construction of nature and naturalness in relation to food. 188 respondents completed an internet-administered free associations task to establish in depth what lay people mean when they judge GM food to be 'unnatural'. The findings show that the concept of 'messing with nature ' can be firmly established as a major risk dimension in relation to GM food. Moreover, rather than being solely material, both food and nature have significant symbolic and affective dimensions. This indicates that GM food risks are social in part- they are representations that have socio-cultural and value dimensions and with all this they are disputed. In turn, this has a range of implications for risk communication.
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Pinder, Emma Muriel. "Does GM-CSF restore effective neutrophil function in critically ill patients?" Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3943.
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Nosocomial infection is an increasing problem worldwide associated with significant morbidity and mortality in addition to heightened healthcare costs. The problem is even greater on the intensive care unit (ICU) where up to 20 of patients develop a secondary infection during their admission. In an era of increasing antibiotic resistance alternative strategies to prevent nosocomial infection must be sought. The intensive care population are recognised to be at high risk of developing immune dysfunction during their critical illness and this has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of the development of ICU acquired infection (ICUAI). The neutrophil, in particular, is key in terms of the host response to bacterial and fungal infections and impairments in neutrophil function have been demonstrated in critically ill patients. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor has been shown to improve the phagocytic function of impaired neutrophils ex-vivo and has previously been demonstrated to restore immune competent levels of monocyte HLA-DR expression in critically ill patients. If GM-CSF were demonstrated to restore neutrophil phagocytic function in critically ill patients in whom its known to be impaired it may have a role in preventing the development of ICUAI. Our initial study sought to validate neutrophil CD88 expression as a surrogate marker for phagocytic function. The dose finding study which followed aimed to determine the optimum dose and duration of GM-CSF to be carried forward to a randomised controlled trial. Finally, the randomised controlled trial sought to investigate the hypothesis that GM-CSF could restore effective neutrophil function in critically ill patients. While no significant difference was seen in our primary endpoint of neutrophil phagocytic capacity, on day 2 following administration of GM-CSF, we believe a small but true biological effect was observed suggesting further study is warranted to investigate whether GM-CSF could reduce the risk of ICUAI.
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Chevalier, Anne Sophie. "Utilisation thérapeutique du G-CSF et du GM-CSF en hématologie." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P248.
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Teng, Yueh-Ching. "Improved Synthesis Tool for Miller OTA Stage Using gm/ID Methodology." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300912150.
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Chandrasekaran, Girish. "Design of a Second-order Filter Using the gm-C Technique." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5241.
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This thesis deals with the design, layout, fabrication, testing and characterization of a second-order filter (biquad) using the transconductance-C (gm-C) technique. The biquad was designed to realize the four filter functions - lowpass, highpass, bandpass and notch - by appropriate choice of input and output terminals and element values. The tunable range of frequencies for the biquad was designed to be 18-59MHz. The quality factor of the biquad was designed to be tunable from approximately 1/3 to 3. The filter was designed in LEVEL2 SPICE, laid out using MAGIC, and the circuit was fabricated using MOSIS's 2μm CMOS analog (n-well) process. The circuit board for testing the chip was designed using the PCB design system -PADS-PCB. The chip was tested using the Network Analyzer HP 4195A. The performance of the filter was then compared with the design objectives and simulation results. Both the pole frequency and the quality factor were found to be tunable by the same factor as the design. Noise analysis showed the output noise to be less than -65dB. The notch function could not be experimentally verified due to high sensitivity of this function to component tolerances and process variations. Power dissipation of the filter was found to be 6m W.
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Gillett, Mary Caperton. "Consumer approval of genetic modification of food products: a comparison of United States and South Korean perspectives." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/78.
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Genetic modification presents the potential to advance not only agricultural production but to increase quality of life as well. The potential this innovation presents will be irrelevant if the public is unwilling to accept and adopt it. The following study examines public perceptions of biotechnology, specifically the consumer approval of genetically modified food products.
This study was based on data collected from a national survey conducted in both the United States and South Korea. The United States survey was designed to be nationally representative and consisted of 1201 respondents. The South Korean survey was also designed to be nationally representative and consisted of 1054 respondents
Analysis was conducted using two questions from the survey questionnaire as dependent variables: (1) approval of the use of genetic modification in the creation of plant-based food products, and (2) approval of the use of genetic modification in the creation of animal-based food products. This study utilized probit models for binary choice and ordered probit models to analyze the likelihood of consumer approval of the use of genetic modification for the creation of food products.
Findings indicated that consumers in the U.S. and South Korea who possessed an accurate knowledge of the applications and outcomes of GM technology were more likely to approve of its use for the creation of foods than those who had inaccurate or no knowledge of the technology. Additionally, the majority of consumers in the U.S. and South Korea believe that GM foods should be labeled as such. Those consumers who felt GM labeling to be necessary were less likely to approve of the GM of foods than those who did not feel GM labeling to be necessary. It was also found that consumers in both countries are less approving of the GM of animals than the GM of plants.
Consumer approval of the use of genetic modification in the creation of food products can be increased with proper education that provides accurate knowledge of the applications of GM. Labeling of GM products is likely to result in a decrease in demand, which may be offset by public educational campaigns.
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Walter, Diana Joyce, and dianawalter@internode on net. "The Environmental Impact of Genetically Modified Crop Plants on the Microbiology of the Rhizosphere." Flinders University. Biotechnology, 2005. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070301.161014.
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The effect of genetically modified crop plants on the microbiology of the rhizosphere was investigated using the single-gene Bt cotton as a case study. The project compared the rhizosphere microbiota of four Ingard® 1cotton plant varieties that were closely matched with their non-GM parental strains. The plants were grown in
three different Australian soils, ie, a vertisol from a cotton-growing region, and two soils, a fine sandy loam and a red sand from South Australia that had not been exposed to cotton.
At the time of the commencement of the project, the only commercially available genetically modified plants were cotton and carnations. The cotton industry in Australia is worth $1.5b annually, and care of the soil and the dynamics of its living microbial consortia needs to be understood for optimum management to enable
agricultural sustainability. The general outline of the thesis incorporated four main sections:
1. Experimental setup and analysis of the soils and plants to be used, quantification of the Cry1A(c) plant-produced Bt protein, and its
persistence in the soil environment.
2. Measurement of the selected microbial populations of bacteria, fungi, AMfungi,
protozoans and nematodes, by counting and estimation by dilution and most-probable number methods.
3. Assessment of selected metabolic pathways to determine the effects on the soil microbial community by chemical and other biochemical methods
4. An overall analysis between different group ratios of expression of each of the variables tested, and the summary of the risk analysis and conclusion.
The outcome of this work was the acquisition of scientific data to produce an environmental impact report. The findings of this study showed that generally the microbial populations and the products of major metabolic pathways correlated more closely within the non-GM and GM plant rhizospheres of the paired trials than those
of separate trials, indicating that soil and plant cultivar had a stronger environmental effect. The results obtained from the paired trials did not show that there were consistent effects on the rhizosphere soil microbiota that could be attributed to the presence of the Cry1A(c) Bt plant protein on the selected strains of cotton plants.
The results from the tests of the paired trials correlate highly with previously published work that the risk factors of genetically modified cotton plants on the microbiology of the rhizosphere soil were found be negligible and not consistent across trials.
1 ® Monsanto Co. St Louis, MO.
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Sylvain-Prévost, Stéphanie. "Implication de TAK1 dans la modulation des réponses du neutrophile humain au fMLP et au GM-CSF." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6362.
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Les neutrophiles sont d'une grande importance dans la première ligne de défense de l'organisme contre les pathogènes. Ils participent activement par leurs actions antimicrobiennes, comme la phagocytose et la relâche de granules, mais influencent également la réponse immunitaire par les différentes cytokines et chimiokines qu'ils produisent. L'étude des différentes fonctions du neutrophile a permis d'établir les étapes clés de la signalisation intracellulaire qui mène à ces différentes fonctions. De plus, les études dé signalisation, dans différents organismes, ont placé TAK1, une MAP3K, à l'avant-plan dans l'activation des sentiers MAP kinase et des facteurs de transcription NF-kB. Nos efforts pour élucider les sentiers métaboliques du neutrophile nous ont fait nous pencher sur le rôle que TAK1 pouvait y jouer. Nous avons donc découvert que TAK1 était la kinase d'importance dans le contrôle des fonctions du neutrophile avec le LPS et le TNF[alpha], deux stimuli activateurs de NF-kB. Dans cette étude, nous nous sommes penchés sur le rôle de TAK1 chez le neutrophile avec des stimuli dont les réponses cellulaires ne passent pas par l'activation de NF-kB. C'est dans cette perspective que nous avons utilisé un chimioattractant, le fMLP, et un facteur de croissance, le GM-CSF. Ce sont deux stimuli physiologiques fréquemment retrouvés aux sites inflammatoires. Le fMLP et le GM-CSF activent rapidement TAK1 et celle-ci se retrouve en amont de la voie MEK/ERK, mais pas des voies p38 MAPK et PI3K/AKT. L'inhibition de TAK1 diminue l'expression et la sécrétion d'IL-8 et d'IL-1RA. L'inhibition de MEK/ERK et de PI3K/AKT a le même effet. De plus, l'inhibition de TAK1 empêche l'effet antiapoptotique du GM-CSF ainsi que diminue la production de leucotriènes par le fMLP. En conclusion, les travaux présentés montrent que TAK1 est une MAP3K essentielle dans les réponses fonctionnelles du neutrophile au fMLP et au GM-CSF. Cette découverte ouvre la porte à de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques, particulièrement dans le cas de maladies chroniques impliquant le GM-CSF.
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Feintuck, Michael Jeffrey. "The impact of the Education Reform Act 1988 on accountability, choice and planning in the schools' system, with special reference to Grant Maintained schools." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297550.
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Nadolnyak, Denis Alexandrovic Jr. "Three essays on the economics of agricultural biotechnology." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1058818716.
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Kelly, Kevin Michael. "The biological significance of the Melanesian Gm distribution selection and the Gm-hypothesis /." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/41957935.html.
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Rubinstein, Saul, and Thomas Kochan. "Saturn, The GM/UAW Partnership." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/675.
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Designed and implemented as a partnership between GM and the UAW, Saturn breaks new ground in firm governance,management and industrial relations. Through detailed study of Saturn?s partnership arrangements we have found that thelocal management and union leaders have not only implementedthe contractual joint governance institutions which involvelabor in business strategy, product development, supplier andretailer selection, and manufacturing policy, but have also created a system of co-management which gives hundreds ofjointly selected unionoperations management.1members theIn order toresponsibilities ofunderstand the impact ofthe involvement of union members as management, we analyzedthe relationship between the behaviors of both representedand non-represented middle managers, the dynanics of theirindividual union-management partnership relations,differences in their patterns of communication andcoordination, and Saturn?s quality performance. We alsoexamined each partner?s use of time to explore the balancingof social and economic tasks between represented and nonrepresentedpartners. These data were combined with analysesof the tensions within the union between its traditional rolein membership representation, and its new role in managementand governance. Finally, we raise questions regarding thelearning from and diffusion of Saturn to the rest of the GMand the UAW organizations.The Impact of Co-Management and Joint Governance on Firm and Local Union Performance
Funds for this researchwere provided by the AlfredP.SloanFoundation,the MIT InternationalMotorVehicleResearchProgram,the MIT Leadersfor ManufacturingProgram,and the NationalscienceFoundation..