Relevant bibliographies by topics / GM risk assessment

Academic literature on the topic 'GM risk assessment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "GM risk assessment"

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Sparrow, P. A. C. "GM Risk Assessment." Molecular Biotechnology 44, no. 3 (January 20, 2010): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12033-009-9237-x.

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Wilkinson, Mike J. "Abandoning ‘responsive’ GM risk assessment." Trends in Biotechnology 22, no. 9 (September 2004): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.07.006.

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Gregory, P. "Risk Assessment Data for GM Crops." Science 292, no. 5517 (April 27, 2001): 638–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.292.5517.638.

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Lack, Gideon. "Clinical risk assessment of GM foods." Toxicology Letters 127, no. 1-3 (February 2002): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00517-3.

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Nodari, Rubens Onofre. "Risk assessment for Brazil's GM bean." Nature 479, no. 7373 (November 2011): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/479299e.

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Wilkinson, Mike J., Jeremy Sweet, and Guy M. Poppy. "Risk assessment of GM plants: avoiding gridlock?" Trends in Plant Science 8, no. 5 (May 2003): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(03)00057-8.

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De Schrijver, A., Y. Devos, M. Van den Bulcke, P. Cadot, M. De Loose, D. Reheul, and M. Sneyers. "Risk assessment of GM stacked events obtained from crosses between GM events." Trends in Food Science & Technology 18, no. 2 (February 2007): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2006.09.002.

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Miller, Henry I. "The tarnished gold standard for GM risk assessment." GM Crops 1, no. 2 (March 1, 2010): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.1.2.10861.

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Keese, Paul K., Andrea V. Robold, Ruth C. Myers, Sarah Weisman, and Joe Smith. "Applying a weed risk assessment approach to GM crops." Transgenic Research 23, no. 6 (September 18, 2013): 957–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11248-013-9745-0.

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Schiemann, J. "ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF GM PLANTS AT THE EUROPEAN LEVEL." Acta Horticulturae, no. 839 (July 2009): 717–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.839.98.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "GM risk assessment"

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Banks, Gillian. "Feral oilseed rape populations within a Scottish landscape : implications for GM coexistence and environmental risk assessment." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/8ed96faf-b439-4fca-b4ba-35b5c843ea52.

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In many regions of the world, the crop, oilseed rape (Brassica napus), is giving rise to populations of volunteer weeds in fields and feral plants outside fields, both of which can retain crop genes and hybridize with compatible wild relatives. Feral oilseed rape has received global attention as a means by which genetically modified (GM) traits may persist in the environment. There are still major uncertainties, however, over the long term environmental and economic consequences of its persistence and invasiveness, particularly in relation to GM coexistence and environmental risk assessment. This thesis presents a demographic study of feral oilseed rape over an 11 year period from 1993 to 2004 within a 500 km2 area of Tayside (Scotland). The number of feral oilseed rape populations increased almost five-fold during a period when the number of fields and total area cropped with oilseed rape decreased. Ferals did not usually remain at the same location for more than one or two years, and did not spread by gradual movement out from the sites of initial colonization. They persisted and spread in the region by occurring at different places each year, most likely through long range dispersal. Transport corridors hosted higher densities than farmland, in which ferals were more prevalent in areas having a high density of oilseed rape crops. The insect communities associated with feral oilseed rape and a related ruderal plant charlock were compared to gauge the potential ecological impact of ferality. Ferals did not appear to compete with charlock but provided an additional host for those invertebrate species already living on charlock. They also had the potential to function as a bridge for crop pests between growing seasons. At current levels of feral oilseed rape there are unlikely to be any issues related to coexistence (i.e. ferals will bring a negligible contaminant to crops), but feral oilseed rape can persist and flower outside the range of cropped oilseed rape plants. It has become part of the native weed and wildflower community, but to date has had no major ecological impact. The long term demographic changes in feral oilseed rape that were found in the 11 year study could not have been predicted from the initial early years when there were few populations or from prior estimates of risk carried out at small spatial scales. A long term approach is therefore needed at realistic scales for successful ecological risk assessment. The Tayside study could provide a baseline and model for assessing the ecological impact of new GM traits such as cold tolerance or insect resistance.
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Jansen, van Rijssen Fredrika W. "Analysis of the credibility of South African risk governance of genetically modified organisms and pesticides." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/37369.

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In this study, two diverse scientific areas of research, namely, biological-chemical and public administration, were drawn upon to find an answer for improved risk governance of genetically modified organisms (GMO/GM) and pesticides. The need for such a study appeared from the constraints experienced with regulatory approval of GMO crops in South Africa. The knowledge gained from research on risk governance of GMOs could also be applied to pesticides. Protracted procedures causing delays in approval and increasingly stringent regulatory requirements of GMOs resulted in negative implications for research, development and commercialisation. Approval of several South African co-developed GMOs has been delayed or rejected that resulted in withdrawal or reducing of research activities, apart from appeals against decisions. The objective of the study was to identify some of the reasons for delays as experienced in risk assessments and to propose remedial actions, including the critical interface between role players in risk governance. The approach taken in this research was to obtain, by means of a questionnaire, a broad view of risk governances of GMOs as measured with criteria of good governance experienced by scientists of biotechnology and related disciplines. This was followed by another questionnaire with focus on one specific area that caused delays for GMO permit applicants. The investigation included analysis of South African legislation, guidelines and interviews. The research on risk assessment narrowed down to the two areas, illustrated by South African applicable case studies, namely, food risk/safety assessment of GMO cassava and environmental risk assessment of GMO sorghum. Approaches to improve assessments are being recommended. Uncertainty in risk assessment is an important reality because of humankind‘s limited knowledge of nature. Uncertainty is further addressed by precautious management, described as the precautionary principle is a norm legislated by the South African government in line with international agreements (the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety). The terminology, precautionary approach and principle are used interchangeably in literature. The application of the precautionary principle in South African legislation and the difficulty that could be experienced in decision making are illustrated in the case study on ‗possible unintended changes in endogenous allergens‘ in GMO maize. The research showed the importance of timely risk communication between risk assessors, risk managers (decision makers) and stakeholders in advance of the commencement of risk assessment. The importance of timely consideration of socio-economic impact of GMOs and pesticides is touched on. Risk governance structures, for both GMOs and pesticides are proposed, based on the most democratic and transparent governance models taking into consideration the European initiatives for improved risk governance. This included an interface for interaction among role players, namely, risk assessors, risk managers, scientists and stakeholders. The up-front role of an array of scientists, as the most trustworthy communicators in contentious scientific issues, is of specific importance because of the fast developing and very broad field of genetic modification of many crops. South Africa‘s national research institutes should play a much bigger role as scientific advisors in scientific risk policy making and framing for risk assessments. It is of great importance that risk assessments are focused on risks and not on the gathering of bucketsful of data; therefore, training in approaches to assessment of risk should be a priority. To achieve improvement on risk governance, the importance of policy development and the roles of all participants should be clear. Proposals for future research cover the many aspects that comprise trust in governance and the increased awareness of consumers and stakeholders of environmental risks and food safety. This study also paves a way for research on governance of phytopesticides and phytomedicines because of growing interest in these rich sources of new information that could be of great benefit to mankind.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Paraclinical Sciences
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Truter, Jean-Maré. "A comparative study of arthropod diversity on conventional and Bt–maize at two irrigation schemes in South Africa / Truter J.M." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6954.

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The purpose of the research was to explore the experiences of educators regarding the training for the implementation of inclusive education in a Full Service school. A qualitative research design was chosen, using a case study. Three methods of gathering data were used, namely individual interviews, focus group interviews and observations. The study was conducted in a primary schools in the North West province that was converted into a fullservice school in 2008. The findings indicated that educators demonstrated misunderstanding of the Screening, Identification, Assessment and Support strategy. The misunderstanding can be ascribed to the kind of training educators received. The training lacked in–depth content and practical demonstration. Recommendations on the content and the dynamics of the training process are made. The overarching recommendation on the dynamics of the training indicated that the training should be revisited for improved methods of training.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Environmental Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Whittingham, Jennifer. "The "Silent Scream" of "Pathetic Seeds": exploring a feminist ethics of care as a means to broaden the scope of current GM crop risk assessment practices in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29848.

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The risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops is assumed to be a benign regulatory tool, due to its perceived objectivity and freedom from the morals and values that pervade society. Yet, against the backdrop of growing environmental pressures, social tensions and political instability, problems that cannot be accommodated in the current regulatory framework in South Africa are consistently emerging. This calls for a reformation of regulatory procedures to account for problems neglected by the current science-based risk approach to the assessment of GM crops. To achieve this, the research methodologies adopt a feminist- pragmatist approach that allows for the use of mixed methods and emphasises reflexivity to allow new perspectives to appear. The research aims to (1) study current risk assessment procedures for GM crops and their historical evolution; (2) address concerns that have arisen from this approach; and (3) investigate the suitability of a Feminist Ethics of Care as an alternative lens through which to view the assessment of GM crops in South Africa. Using themes derived from feminist literature such as relationships, particularity and context, power and vulnerability, narrative and voice, emotions and new conceptualisations of the public/private dichotomy, new 'ways of seeing’ risk emerge and illuminate salient issues that are so often neglected by the current science-based risk approach. An articulation of this alternative is explored in order to provide critical and practical policy recommendations. The thesis concludes by expressing the limitations of a Feminist Ethics of Care in the context of South Africa and reveals how a postdevelopment paradigm may help to formulate a more appropriate framework for GM crop assessment.
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Akankunda, Trace. "Meta-barcoding for assessment of risks posed by genetically modified crops to farmland arthropods." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/95093.

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The rate of adoption of genetically modified (GM) crops continues to grow at unprecedented rates 19 years after their first commercialisation. As global coverage of GM crops increases, concerns about their potential effects on the environment and specifically agro-ecosystem health intensify. To address these concerns, researchers have called for increased monitoring of agro-ecosystems to detect unforeseen adverse effects of GM crops. To date, only Europe has a statutory requirement for developers of GM products to conduct post market environmental monitoring (PMEM) in order to assess potential risks associated with their products. This might be due to lack of robust and cost effective methods for conducting PMEM. Here we propose the use of a modified meta-barcoding pipeline on an Illumina MiSeq platform as a comprehensive and cost effective approach for conducting PMEM on farmland arthropod communities. We test the method’s capacity to generate baseline data on a selection of indicator arthropod groups following guidelines issued by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). We use arthropod communities of coffee plantations in the south and south-western regions of Uganda as an exemplar for the approach. We modify the sample preparation steps of the meta-barcoding pipeline to reduce sequencing cost and successfully adapt the MiSeq Reporter program to classify arthropods using COI sequence reads produced by the MiSeq. We compile baseline data on the diversity and distribution s of six generalist predators, two parasitoids, two pollinators, four common pests and three herbivores of the coffee crop system using incidence counts. We demonstrate the method’s capacity to monitor arthropod communities at the genus and species level and discuss the application of the baseline data collected for GM risk assessment.
Thesis (M.Bio.(PB)) -- University of Adelaide, Masters of Biotechnology (Plant Biotechnology), School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2015
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SVOBODOVÁ, Zdeňka. "Vliv GM kukuřice na entomofaunu." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203507.

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Presented thesis examines possible environmental impact of the genetically modified (GM) maize expressing insecticidal Cry proteins. The impact was assessed from differences in the communities of the ground and above-ground arthropods in plots sown with the standard and the GM maize, respectively. The results revealed that neither the abundance nor the species richness of arthropods was affected. Laboratory experiments were used to study effect of maize expressing several types of Cry proteins on the arthropod predators. Despite the proven exposure of the predators to Cry proteins in the food, no Cry proteins accumulation and deleterious effects on predators were observed. The results confirm the importance of predators in insect resistance management using the GM maize seed blends method.
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Books on the topic "GM risk assessment"

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M, Poppy Guy, and Wilkinson Michael J, eds. Gene flow from GM plants. Oxford: Blackwell Pub., 2005.

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Breckling, Broder. Large-area effects of GM-crop cultivation: Proceedings of the Second GMLS-Conference 2010 in Bremen. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2010.

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A consumer's guide to GM food: From green genes to red herrings. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Wilkinson, Michael J., and Guy M. Poppy. Gene Flow from GM Plants. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2007.

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Wilkinson, Michael James. Gene Flow from GM Plants (Biological Sciences Series). Blackwell Publishing Limited, 2005.

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Macnaghten, Phil, and Susana Carro-Ripalda. Governing Agricultural Sustainability: Global Lessons from GM Crops. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Governing Agricultural Sustainability: Global lessons from GM crops. Routledge, 2015.

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Macnaghten, Phil, and Susana Carro-Ripalda. Governing Agricultural Sustainability: Global Lessons from GM Crops. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Breckling, Broder, and Richard Verhoeven. Large-Area Effects of GM-Crop Cultivation: Proceedings of the Second GMLS-Conference 2010 in Bremen. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2017.

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Breckling, Broder, and Richard Verhoeven. GM-Crop Cultivation - Ecological Effects on a Landscape Scale: Proceedings of the Third GMLS Conference 2012 in Bremen. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "GM risk assessment"

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Sparrow, Penny A. C. "GM Risk Assessment." In Methods in Molecular Biology™, 315–30. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-379-0_19.

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Howles, Paul, and Joe Smith. "Risk Assessment of Abiotic Stress Tolerant GM Crops." In Improving Crop Productivity in Sustainable Agriculture, 163–81. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527665334.ch8.

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Poppy, Guy M., and Michael J. Wilkinson. "Risk Assessment of GM Crops - Does the Road Ahead Need to be Long and Winding?" In Gene Flow from GM Plants, 225–38. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470988497.ch10.

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Liu, Yong-Bo, and Xin-Yu Wang. "Gene flow mitigation by ecological approaches." In Gene flow: monitoring, modeling and mitigation, 125–36. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247480.0009.

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Abstract With an increased area of cultivating genetically modified (GM) plants worldwide, the ecological risks of transgenic plants released into the environment have caused concern. One of the risks is the occurrence of gene flow between GM plants and non-GM plants, including their wild relatives. Gene flow data from oilseed rape (Brassica napus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), maize (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), rice (Oryza sativa), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) indicate that the frequency of pollen-mediated gene flow is negatively related with distance between donor and recipient plants, and the frequency is relatively high in closely related species. We discuss five main ecological approaches to mitigate gene flow from GM plants to non-GM plants, including distance isolation, border or trap crops, barrier crops, agricultural practices, and through biological means. The required isolation distance has been adopted in managing GM crops in some countries, and cultivating tall crops, or border or trap crops, can decrease the requisite isolation distance to mitigate gene flow. Combining several approaches is more effective than a single approach in mitigating gene flow, because the frequency of pollen-mediated gene flow depends on plant genotype, flowering time, wind speed and direction, and other factors. Thus, in the framework of biosafety assessment of GM plants, mitigating the occurrence of gene flow between GM and non-GM plants is a key step to decrease the ecological risk of post- commercial cultivation of GM plants.
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Casacuberta, J. M., F. Nogué, and P. du Jardin. "9. GMO risk assessment in the EU: interplay between science, policy and politics." In Towards a new regulatory framework for GM crops in the European Union, 141–54. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-845-2_9.

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Ruohonen-Lehto, Marja K., Katileena M. M. Lohtander, and Jeremy B. Sweet. "Specific Environmental Considerations for GM Trees and Guidance on Their Risk Assessment and Monitoring." In Biosafety of Forest Transgenic Trees, 127–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7531-1_6.

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Raybould, Alan. "Hypothesis-Led Ecological Risk Assessment of GM Crops to Support Decision-Making About Product Use." In GMOs, 305–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53183-6_14.

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Bertheau, Yves. "Advances in identifying GM plants: current frame of the detection of transgenic GMOs." In Developing smart agri-food supply chains: Using technology to improve safety and quality, 43–86. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0097.04.

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Transgenic GMOs were welcomed in the 1990s due to the difficulties distinguishing genetic and epigenetic modifications from random mutagenesis and their ability to insert new nucleic sequences more rapidly but still randomly. Their marketing in Europe has been accompanied by health and environmental risk assessments, specific monitoring and traceability procedures to preserve the free choice of consumers and allow the coexistence of different supply chains. This chapter reviews the regulations, detection techniques, strategies and standards that have been put in place in the European Union since 1996 to ensure the analytical traceability of these GMOs. The capacity of the matrix approach, initially targeted at transgenic GMOs, to trace other types of GMOs is discussed in an accompanying chapter.
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Conference papers on the topic "GM risk assessment"

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Abdallah, O., M. Zolezzi, and AN Kheir. "GM-006 Evaluation of community pharmacists’ preparedness for the provision of cardiovascular disease risk assessment and management services: a simulated patient study in qatar." In 22nd EAHP Congress 22–24 March 2017 Cannes, France. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2017-000640.352.

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