Relevant bibliographies by topics / Glyoxylate shunt

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Academic literature on the topic 'Glyoxylate shunt'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Glyoxylate shunt"

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Long, Bui Hoang Dang, Masahiro Nishiyama, Rintaro Sato, Tomonari Tanaka, Hitomi Ohara, and Yuji Aso. "Production of Glyoxylate from Glucose in Engineered Escherichia coli." Fermentation 9, no. 6 (May 31, 2023): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9060534.

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Glyoxylates are essential intermediates in several metabolic pathways and have a broad range of industrial applications. In this study, we propose a novel method for producing glyoxylate from glucose using engineered Escherichia coli BW25113. To direct the production of glyoxylate from glucose, malate synthase A (aceB), malate synthase G (glcB), glyoxylate carboligase (gcl), and glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase A (ycdW) genes were disrupted, and the glyoxylate shunt was reinforced in the disruptants by the overexpression of citrate synthase (gltA) and isocitrate lyase (aceA). In flask cultivation using M9 medium supplemented with 1% glucose, the disruptant E. coli BW25113 ΔaceB ΔglcB Δgcl ΔycdW produced 0.93 ± 0.17 g/L of glyoxylate. Further overexpression of gltA and aceA in the disruptant resulted in an improvement in glyoxylate production to 1.15 ± 0.02 g/L. By expressing a heterologous gene, pyc, in the engineered E. coli, the accumulation of intracellular oxaloacetate remarkably improved, leading to glyoxylate production of up to 2.42 ± 0.00 g/L with specific productivity at 4.22 ± 0.09 g/g-cell. To date, this is the highest reported titer and specific productivity of glyoxylate in E. coli.
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Dolan, Stephen K., and Martin Welch. "The Glyoxylate Shunt, 60 Years On." Annual Review of Microbiology 72, no. 1 (September 8, 2018): 309–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-090817-062257.

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2017 marks the 60th anniversary of Krebs’ seminal paper on the glyoxylate shunt (and coincidentally, also the 80th anniversary of his discovery of the citric acid cycle). Sixty years on, we have witnessed substantial developments in our understanding of how flux is partitioned between the glyoxylate shunt and the oxidative decarboxylation steps of the citric acid cycle. The last decade has shown us that the beautifully elegant textbook mechanism that regulates carbon flux through the shunt in E. coli is an oversimplification of the situation in many other bacteria. The aim of this review is to assess how this new knowledge is impacting our understanding of flux control at the TCA cycle/glyoxylate shunt branch point in a wider range of genera, and to summarize recent findings implicating a role for the glyoxylate shunt in cellular functions other than metabolism.
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Puckett, Susan, Carolina Trujillo, Zhe Wang, Hyungjin Eoh, Thomas R. Ioerger, Inna Krieger, James Sacchettini, Dirk Schnappinger, Kyu Y. Rhee, and Sabine Ehrt. "Glyoxylate detoxification is an essential function of malate synthase required for carbon assimilation inMycobacterium tuberculosis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 11 (March 6, 2017): E2225—E2232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1617655114.

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The glyoxylate shunt is a metabolic pathway of bacteria, fungi, and plants used to assimilate even-chain fatty acids (FAs) and has been implicated in persistence ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb). Recent work, however, showed that the first enzyme of the glyoxylate shunt, isocitrate lyase (ICL), may mediate survival ofMtbduring the acute and chronic phases of infection in mice through physiologic functions apart from fatty acid metabolism. Here, we report that malate synthase (MS), the second enzyme of the glyoxylate shunt, is essential for in vitro growth and survival ofMtbon even-chain fatty acids, in part, for a previously unrecognized activity: mitigating the toxicity of glyoxylate excess arising from metabolism of even-chain fatty acids. Metabolomic profiling revealed that MS-deficientMtbcultured on fatty acids accumulated high levels of the ICL aldehyde endproduct, glyoxylate, and increased levels of acetyl phosphate, acetoacetyl coenzyme A (acetoacetyl-CoA), butyryl CoA, acetoacetate, and β-hydroxybutyrate. These changes were indicative of a glyoxylate-induced state of oxaloacetate deficiency, acetate overload, and ketoacidosis. Reduction of intrabacterial glyoxylate levels using a chemical inhibitor of ICL restored growth of MS-deficientMtb, despite inhibiting entry of carbon into the glyoxylate shunt. In vivo depletion of MS resulted in sterilization ofMtbin both the acute and chronic phases of mouse infection. This work thus identifies glyoxylate detoxification as an essential physiologic function ofMtbmalate synthase and advances its validation as a target for drug development.
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Schink, Bernhard. "An alternative to the glyoxylate shunt." Molecular Microbiology 73, no. 6 (September 2009): 975–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06835.x.

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Ahn, Sungeun, Jaejoon Jung, In-Ae Jang, Eugene L. Madsen, and Woojun Park. "Role of Glyoxylate Shunt in Oxidative Stress Response." Journal of Biological Chemistry 291, no. 22 (April 1, 2016): 11928–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m115.708149.

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McVey, Alyssa C., Sean Bartlett, Mahmud Kajbaf, Annalisa Pellacani, Viviana Gatta, Päivi Tammela, David R. Spring, and Martin Welch. "2-Aminopyridine Analogs Inhibit Both Enzymes of the Glyoxylate Shunt in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072490.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for many hospital-acquired infections. P. aeruginosa can thrive in diverse infection scenarios by rewiring its central metabolism. An example of this is the production of biomass from C2 nutrient sources such as acetate via the glyoxylate shunt when glucose is not available. The glyoxylate shunt is comprised of two enzymes, isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase G (MS), and flux through the shunt is essential for the survival of the organism in mammalian systems. In this study, we characterized the mode of action and cytotoxicity of structural analogs of 2-aminopyridines, which have been identified by earlier work as being inhibitory to both shunt enzymes. Two of these analogs were able to inhibit ICL and MS in vitro and prevented growth of P. aeruginosa on acetate (indicating cell permeability). Moreover, the compounds exerted negligible cytotoxicity against three human cell lines and showed promising in vitro drug metabolism and safety profiles. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to confirm binding of one of the analogs to ICL and MS, and the mode of enzyme inhibition was determined. Our data suggest that these 2-aminopyridine analogs have potential as anti-pseudomonal agents.
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Ritson, Dougal J. "A cyanosulfidic origin of the Krebs cycle." Science Advances 7, no. 33 (August 2021): eabh3981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abh3981.

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The centrality of the Krebs cycle in metabolism has long been interpreted as evidence of its antiquity, and consequently, questions regarding its provenance, and whether it initially functioned as a cycle or not, have received much attention. The present report shows that prebiotic oxidation of α-hydroxy carboxylates can be achieved by UV photolysis of a simple geochemical species (HS−), which leads to α-oxo carboxylates that feature in the Krebs cycle and glyoxylate shunt. Further reaction of these products leads to almost all intermediates of the Krebs cycle proper, succinate semialdehyde bypass, and glyoxylate shunt. Fumarate, the missing Krebs cycle component, and the required α-hydroxy carboxylates can be provided by a highly related hydrogen cyanide chemistry, which also provides precursors for amino acids, nucleotides, and phospholipids.
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Nanchen, Annik, Alexander Schicker, and Uwe Sauer. "Nonlinear Dependency of Intracellular Fluxes on Growth Rate in Miniaturized Continuous Cultures of Escherichia coli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 2 (February 2006): 1164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.2.1164-1172.2006.

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ABSTRACT A novel mini-scale chemostat system was developed for the physiological characterization of 10-ml cultures. The parallel operation of eight such mini-scale chemostats was exploited for systematic 13C analysis of intracellular fluxes over a broad range of growth rates in glucose-limited Escherichia coli. As expected, physiological variables changed monotonously with the dilution rate, allowing for the assessment of maintenance metabolism. Despite the linear dependence of total cellular carbon influx on dilution rate, the distribution of almost all major fluxes varied nonlinearly with dilution rate. Most prominent were the distinct maximum of glyoxylate shunt activity and the concomitant minimum of tricarboxylic acid cycle activity at low to intermediate dilution rates of 0.05 to 0.2 h−1. During growth on glucose, this glyoxylate shunt activity is best understood from a network perspective as the recently described phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-glyoxylate cycle that oxidizes PEP (or pyruvate) to CO2. At higher or extremely low dilution rates, in vivo PEP-glyoxylate cycle activity was low or absent. The step increase in pentose phosphate pathway activity at around 0.2 h−1 was not related to the cellular demand for the reduction equivalent NADPH, since NADPH formation was 20 to 50% in excess of the anabolic demand at all dilution rates. The results demonstrate that mini-scale continuous cultivation enables quantitative and parallel characterization of intra- and extracellular phenotypes in steady state, thereby greatly reducing workload and costs for stable-isotope experiments.
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Davis, W. L., R. G. Jones, and D. B. Goodman. "Cytochemical localization of malate synthase in amphibian fat body adipocytes: possible glyoxylate cycle in a vertebrate." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 34, no. 5 (May 1986): 689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/34.5.3701032.

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The adipocytes of amphibian abdominal fat bodies contain typical microperoxisomes, as indicated by their fine structure. Electron microscopic cytochemistry showed that these organelles contain the enzymes catalase, typical for peroxisomes, and malate synthase. The latter is an enzymatic component characteristic of the glyoxylate cycle, a biochemical pathway known to exist in plant glyoxysomes (peroxisomes). This metabolic pathway makes possible the net conversion of lipid to carbohydrate. Toad adipocytes may represent yet another example of vertebrate peroxisomes which contain one of the marker enzymes (malate synthase) characteristic of the glyoxylate shunt.
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Sarao, Renu, Howard D. McCurdy, and Luciano Passador. "Enzymes of the intermediary carbohydrate metabolism of Polyangium cellulosum." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 1142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-215.

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Crude extracts of vegetative cells of the cellulolytic myxobacter Polyangium cellulosum contained significant levels of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle. Key enzymes of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate shunt were also detected. Specific activities of hexokinase and fructose- 1,6-diphosphate aldolase exhibited a 10-fold increase when the cells were grown in complex medium containing glucose. Cytochromes of a, b, and c type were demonstrated. By the use of a dispersly growing strain of P. cellulosum, its generation time was determined to be 22–24 h. This study suggests that the organism probably uses glycolysis and citric acid cycle for complete oxidation of glucose. The exact role of the glyoxylate cycle and pentose phosphate shunt cannot be deduced from this study. This is the first report on the study of intermediary carbohydrate metabolism in any member of the family Polyangiaceae.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Glyoxylate shunt"

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Reumerman, Richard A. "Functional and mathematical analysis of the glyoxylate shunt in Streptomyces coelicolor." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26435.

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Streptomyces coelicolor is the model organism for the genus Streptomyces, which produces many bioactive secondary metabolites with clinical applications. Based on work done in Escherichia coli, the glyoxylate shunt was thought to be the main anapleurotic pathway in S. coelicolor during growth on fatty acids and therefore an important pathway in providing precursors for secondary metabolism. The S. coelicolor genome contains genes for a second anapleurotic pathway, the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway. The relative importance of both to anapleurosis in streptomycete metabolism was unclear. The function of the glyoxylate shunt was investigated in this thesis using sequence analysis, genetic manipulation, transcriptomics and mathematical modelling. Analysis of orthologues of aceA, ccr and genes encoding tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle genes revealed that all are subject to a similar level of purifying selection pressure. The operons of the glyoxylate shunt and the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway share a 15 bp palindromic motif in their upstream sequences, which was also found upstream of other genes. This suggests an overlap in regulation and thus an overlap in function. The sequence analysis is contradicted by results of experiments with an aceA⁻ aceB1⁻ mutant, which did not display a phenotype during growth on Tween 40, a model carbon source for fatty acids. Results obtained by total RNA sequencing indicate that the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway is the main anapleurotic pathway during growth of S. coelicolor on fatty acids whereas expression of the glyoxylate shunt is minimal. This apparent contradiction is resolved by hypothesising that the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway is the main anapleurotic pathway, but that the glyoxylate shunt provides a backup when acyl-CoA thioesters are withdrawn from the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Enzymes of the isocitrate branchpoint were isolated following heterologous expression and analysed. The resulting kinetic parameters, as well as their specific activities measured during growth on Tween 40 and additional data from literature, were used to set up a mathematical model of the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate shunt. Simulations of this model predicted that, as growth proceeds from early to mid and late exponential phase, the relative concentrations of TCA cycle intermediates changed from promoting gluconeogenesis to accomodating secondary metabolism. Further model refinement is needed using data on the flux through the ethylmalonyl- CoA pathway as these were unavailable at the time of writing.
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Dean, Jason Thaddeus. "A synthetic glyoxylate shunt for increased fatty acid degradation in hepatocytes." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1971757751&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Koedooder, Coco. "The interplay between Fe-limitation, carbon and light in a (photo)heterotrophic bacterium." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS170.

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Le fer (Fe) est un élément essentiel de la croissance microbienne marine, mais est présent sous forme de trace dans les eaux de surface des océans. Chez les bactéries hétérotrophes, la limitation en Fe affecte particulièrement la production d'ATP et il a été démontré que les bactéries appliquent diverses stratégies pour faire face à la présence de limitation en Fe. Les outils génétiques nous ont permis de tester deux stratégies potentielles au sein de l'organisme modèle Photobacterium angustum S14. Le shunt glyoxylique, une voie métabolique trouvée dans les bactéries aérobies contournant plusieurs étapes de TCA, s’est révélée être régulée à la hausse sous une limitation en Fe et nous proposons que la dérivation du shunt glyoxylique réoriente le métabolisme cellulaire de la chaîne de transport d’électrons, augmentant de ce fait l'efficacité métabolique de la cellule soumise à la limitation en Fe. La protéorhodopsine, une pompe à protons activée par la lumière trouvée dans plusieurs bactéries hétérotrophes, peut atténuer le stress lié au Fe si le gradient de proton produit est couplé à l'ATP synthase. Nos résultats ont montré que la protéorhodopsine augmentait à mesure que les cellules approchaient de la phase stationnaire dans des conditions à la fois remplies de Fe et limitant en Fe, mais étaient absentes pendant la phase exponentielle. Les travaux futurs visant à élucider le rôle de la protéorhodopsine, et en particulier en ce qui concerne la limitation du Fe, devraient donc être axés sur la phase stationnaire d'une cellule bactérienne. Les résultats de ce manuscrit de thèse ont contribué à la littérature actuelle sur la polyvalence des bactéries marines hétérotrophes pour faire face à la limitation en Fe et le rôle de la protéorhodopsine et du shunt glyoxylique dans l'environnement marin
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for marine microbial growth but is present in trace amounts in the surface waters of the ocean. In heterotrophic bacteria, Fe-limitation particularly impacts ATP production and have been shown to implement various strategies to cope in the presence of Fe-limitation. Genetic tools enabled us to test two potential strategies within the model organism Photobacterium angustum S14. The glyoxylate shunt, a metabolic pathway found in aerobic bacteria bypassing several steps within the classic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) was shown to be upregulated under Fe-limitation and we propose that the glyoxylate shunt was able to redirect a cell’s metabolism away from Fe-limiting steps within the electron transport, thereby increasing the metabolic efficiency of the cell under Fe-limitation. Proteorhodopsin, a light activated proton pump found in several heterotrophic bacteria, could alleviate Fe-stress if the produced proton gradient is coupled to ATP synthase. Our results showed that proteorhodopsin is upregulated as cells approached the stationary phase under both Fe-replete and Fe-limiting conditions but was absent during the exponential phase. Future work in elucidating the role of proteorhodopsin, and particularly under Fe-limitation, should therefore focus on the stationary phase of a bacterial cell. The results from this thesis manuscript contributed to a culminating body of work surrounding the versatility of marine heterotrophic bacteria in coping with Fe-limitation and is an appropriate addition to the literature surrounding the role of proteorhodopsin and the glyoxylate shunt within the marine environment
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Book chapters on the topic "Glyoxylate shunt"

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Bott, Michael, and Bernhard J. Eikmanns. "TCA Cycle and Glyoxylate Shunt of Corynebacterium glutamicum." In Corynebacterium glutamicum, 281–313. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29857-8_10.

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Peña Mattozzi, M., Yisheng Kang, and Jay D. Keasling. "Feast: Choking on Acetyl-CoA, the Glyoxylate Shunt, and Acetyl-CoA-Driven Metabolism." In Cellular Ecophysiology of Microbe, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20796-4_52-1.

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de la Peña Mattozzi, M., Y. Kang, and J. D. Keasling. "Feast: Choking on Acetyl-CoA, the Glyoxylate Shunt, and Acetyl-CoA-Driven Metabolism." In Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology, 1649–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77587-4_116.

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Peña Mattozzi, M., Yisheng Kang, and Jay D. Keasling. "Feast: Choking on Acetyl-CoA, the Glyoxylate Shunt, and Acetyl-CoA-Driven Metabolism." In Cellular Ecophysiology of Microbe: Hydrocarbon and Lipid Interactions, 463–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50542-8_52.

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