Relevant bibliographies by topics / Glyoxol

Academic literature on the topic 'Glyoxol'

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Published: 17 November 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Glyoxol"

1

Shangari, N., W. R. Bruce, R. Poon, and P. J. O'Brien. "Toxicity of glyoxals – role of oxidative stress, metabolic detoxification and thiamine deficiency." Biochemical Society Transactions 31, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 1390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0311390.

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Glyoxals are reactive α-oxoaldehydes that are formed endogenously from sugars, the levels of which are increased in various pathological conditions associated with hyperglycaemia and thiamine deficiency. However, the molecular cytotoxic mechanisms of glyoxal are not known. Results presented here and in the other studies cited provide a glimpse into the cytotoxicity mechanisms involved and their pathological implications. We found that glyoxal (10 μM) markedly increased the susceptibility of hepatocyte glutathione (GSH) to oxidation by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and markedly increased cytotoxicity by compromising the cellular antioxidant enzyme system. At higher concentrations, glyoxal was cytotoxic towards hepatocytes, which can be attributed to GSH depletion, oxidative stress and mitochondrial toxicity. Aminoguanidine or penicillamine protected the hepatocytes. Glyoxal cytotoxicity was prevented by increasing glyoxal metabolism with thiamine or NAD(P)H generators, and was increased in GSH- or thiamine-deficient hepatocytes. It was also found that feeding rats reduced thiamine levels in a diet high in simple sugars increased the number of aberrant crypt foci/colon in the absence of clinical evidence of beriberi. This was associated with decreased plasma thiamine and low erythrocyte transketolase activity. Western diets, which are frequently poor in thiamine and high in sugars, could result in increased levels of endogenous glyoxals, which in turn may lead to a predisposition to AGE (advanced glycation end-product)-related pathologies and neoplastic conditions.
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2

Stefani, Helio A., Stanley N. S. Vasconcelos, Frederico B. Souza, Flavia Manarin, and Julio Zukerman-Schpector. "ChemInform Abstract: One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Indole-3-glyoxyl Derivatives and Indole-3-glyoxal Triazoles." ChemInform 45, no. 8 (February 7, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201408132.

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Walker, B., N. McCarthy, A. Healy, T. Ye, and M. A. McKervey. "Peptide glyoxals: a novel class of inhibitor for serine and cysteine proteinases." Biochemical Journal 293, no. 2 (July 15, 1993): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2930321.

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A series of novel synthetic dipeptides, containing a C-terminal glyoxal grouping (-COCHO), have been tested as inhibitors against typical members of the serine- and cysteine-proteinase families. For example, the sequences benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz)-Pro-Phe-CHO (I) and Cbz-Phe-Ala-CHO (II), which fulfil the known primary and secondary specificity requirements of chymotrypsin and cathepsin B respectively, have been found to be potent reversible inhibitors of their respective target proteinase. Thus I was found to inhibit chymotrypsin with a Ki of approximately 0.8 microM, whereas II exhibits a Ki of approximately 80 nm against cathepsin B. These Ki values are some 10-fold and 3-fold lower than those reported for the corresponding peptide-aldehyde inhibitors of chymotrypsin and cathepsin B upon which the peptidyl-glyoxals were fashioned. Unexpectedly, the sequence Cbz-Pro-Ala-CHO, which was designed to inhibit elastase-like proteinases, exhibited no inhibitory activity towards porcine pancreatic elastase, even when used at concentrations as high as 200 microM.
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Huisman, A. J., J. R. Hottle, M. M. Galloway, J. P. DiGangi, K. L. Coens, W. Choi, I. C. Faloona, et al. "Photochemical modeling of glyoxal at a rural site: observations and analysis from BEARPEX 2007." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 17 (September 1, 2011): 8883–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-8883-2011.

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Abstract. We present roughly one month of high time-resolution, direct, in situ measurements of gas-phase glyoxal acquired during the BEARPEX 2007 field campaign. The research site, located on a ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada mountains, is strongly influenced by biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs); thus this data adds to the few existing measurements of glyoxal in BVOC-dominated areas. The short lifetime of glyoxal of ~1 h, the fact that glyoxal mixing ratios are much higher during high temperature periods, and the results of a photochemical model demonstrate that glyoxal is strongly influenced by BVOC precursors during high temperature periods. A zero-dimensional box model using near-explicit chemistry from the Leeds Master Chemical Mechanism v3.1 was used to investigate the processes controlling glyoxal chemistry during BEARPEX 2007. The model showed that MBO is the most important glyoxal precursor (~67 %), followed by isoprene (~26 %) and methylchavicol (~6 %), a precursor previously not commonly considered for glyoxal production. The model calculated a noon lifetime for glyoxal of ~0.9 h, making glyoxal well suited as a local tracer of VOC oxidation in a forested rural environment; however, the modeled glyoxal mixing ratios over-predicted measured glyoxal by a factor 2 to 5. Loss of glyoxal to aerosol was not found to be significant, likely as a result of the very dry conditions, and could not explain the over-prediction. Although several parameters, such as an approximation for advection, were found to improve the model measurement discrepancy, reduction in OH was by far the most effective. Reducing model OH concentrations to half the measured values decreased the glyoxal over-prediction from a factor of 2.4 to 1.1, as well as the overprediction of HO2 from a factor of 1.64 to 1.14. Our analysis has shown that glyoxal is particularly sensitive to OH concentration compared to other BVOC oxidation products. This relationship arises from (i) the predominantly secondary- or higher-generation production of glyoxal from (mainly OH-driven, rather than O3-driven) BVOC oxidation at this site and (ii) the relative importance of photolysis in glyoxal loss as compared to reaction with OH. We propose that glyoxal is a useful tracer for OH-driven BVOC oxidation chemistry.
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Huisman, A. J., J. R. Hottle, M. M. Galloway, J. P. DiGangi, K. L. Coens, W. S. Choi, I. C. Faloona, et al. "Photochemical modeling of glyoxal at a rural site: observations and analysis from BEARPEX 2007." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 5 (May 5, 2011): 13655–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-13655-2011.

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Abstract. We present ~one month of high time-resolution, direct, in situ measurements of gas-phase glyoxal acquired during the BEARPEX 2007 field campaign. The research site, located on a ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada mountains, is strongly influenced by biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs); thus this data adds to the few existing measurements of glyoxal in BVOC-dominated areas. The short lifetime of glyoxal of ~1 h, the fact that glyoxal mixing ratios are much higher during high temperature periods, and the results of a photochemical model demonstrate that glyoxal is strongly influenced by BVOC precursors during high temperature periods. A zero-dimensional box model using near-explicit chemistry from the Leeds Master Chemical Mechanism v3.1 is used to investigate the processes controlling glyoxal chemistry during BEARPEX 2007. The model shows that MBO is the most important glyoxal precursor (~67%), followed by isoprene (~26%) and methylchavicol (~6%), a precursor previously not commonly considered for glyoxal production. The model calculates a noon lifetime for glyoxal of ~0.9 h, making glyoxal well suited as a local tracer of VOC oxidation in a forested rural environment; however, the modeled glyoxal mixing ratios over-predict measured glyoxal by a factor 2 to 5. Although several parameters, such as an approximation for advection and increased glyoxal loss to aerosol can improve the model measurement discrepancy, reduction in OH is by far the most effective. Reducing OH to half the measured values, which is suggested by preliminary OH measurements using a different technique, decreases the glyoxal over-prediction from a factor of 2.4 to 1.1, as well as the overprediction of HO2 from a factor of 1.64 to 1.14.
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Stavrakou, T., J. F. Müller, I. De Smedt, M. Van Roozendael, M. Kanakidou, M. Vrekoussis, F. Wittrock, A. Richter, and J. P. Burrows. "The continental source of glyoxal estimated by the synergistic use of spaceborne measurements and inverse modelling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 3 (June 19, 2009): 13593–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-13593-2009.

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Abstract. Tropospheric glyoxal and formaldehyde columns retrieved from the SCIAMACHY satellite instrument in 2005 are used with the IMAGESv2 global chemistry-transport model and its adjoint in a two-compound inversion scheme designed to estimate the continental source of glyoxal. The formaldehyde observations provide an important constraint on the production of glyoxal from isoprene in the model, since the degradation of isoprene constitutes an important source of both glyoxal and formaldehyde. Current modelling studies underestimate largely the observed glyoxal satellite columns, pointing to the existence of an additional land glyoxal source of biogenic origin. We include an extra glyoxal source in the model and we explore its possible distribution and magnitude through two inversion experiments. In the first case, the additional source is represented as a direct glyoxal emission, and in the second, as a secondary formation through the oxidation of an unspecified glyoxal precursor. Besides this extra source, the inversion scheme optimizes the primary glyoxal and formaldehyde emissions, as well as their secondary production from other identified non-methane volatile organic precursors of anthropogenic, pyrogenic and biogenic origin. In the first inversion experiment, the additional direct source, estimated at 36 Tg/yr, represents 38% of the global continental source, whereas the contribution of isoprene is equally important (30%), the remainder being accounted for by anthropogenic (20%) and pyrogenic fluxes. The inversion succeeds in reducing the underestimation of the glyoxal columns by the model, but it leads to a severe overestimation of glyoxal surface concentrations in comparison with in situ measurements. In the second scenario, the inferred total global continental glyoxal source is estimated at 108 Tg/yr, almost two times higher than the global a priori source. The extra secondary source is the largest contribution to the global glyoxal budget (50%), followed by the production from isoprene (26%) and from anthropogenic NMVOC precursors (14%). A better performance is achieved in this case, as the updated emissions allow for a satisfactory agreement of the model with both satellite and in situ glyoxal observations.
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Stavrakou, T., J. F. Müller, I. De Smedt, M. Van Roozendael, M. Kanakidou, M. Vrekoussis, F. Wittrock, A. Richter, and J. P. Burrows. "The continental source of glyoxal estimated by the synergistic use of spaceborne measurements and inverse modelling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 21 (November 5, 2009): 8431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-8431-2009.

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Abstract. Tropospheric glyoxal and formaldehyde columns retrieved from the SCIAMACHY satellite instrument in 2005 are used with the IMAGESv2 global chemistry-transport model and its adjoint in a two-compound inversion scheme designed to estimate the continental source of glyoxal. The formaldehyde observations provide an important constraint on the production of glyoxal from isoprene in the model, since the degradation of isoprene constitutes an important source of both glyoxal and formaldehyde. Current modelling studies underestimate largely the observed glyoxal satellite columns, pointing to the existence of an additional land glyoxal source of biogenic origin. We include an extra glyoxal source in the model and we explore its possible distribution and magnitude through two inversion experiments. In the first case, the additional source is represented as a direct glyoxal emission, and in the second, as a secondary formation through the oxidation of an unspecified glyoxal precursor. Besides this extra source, the inversion scheme optimizes the primary glyoxal and formaldehyde emissions, as well as their secondary production from other identified non-methane volatile organic precursors of anthropogenic, pyrogenic and biogenic origin. In the first inversion experiment, the additional direct source, estimated at 36 Tg/yr, represents 38% of the global continental source, whereas the contribution of isoprene is equally important (30%), the remainder being accounted for by anthropogenic (20%) and pyrogenic fluxes. The inversion succeeds in reducing the underestimation of the glyoxal columns by the model, but it leads to a severe overestimation of glyoxal surface concentrations in comparison with in situ measurements. In the second scenario, the inferred total global continental glyoxal source is estimated at 108 Tg/yr, almost two times higher than the global a priori source. The extra secondary source is the largest contribution to the global glyoxal budget (50%), followed by the production from isoprene (26%) and from anthropogenic NMVOC precursors (14%). A better performance is achieved in this case, as the updated emissions allow for a satisfactory agreement of the model with both satellite and in situ glyoxal observations.
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Myriokefalitakis, S., M. Vrekoussis, K. Tsigaridis, F. Wittrock, A. Richter, C. Brühl, R. Volkamer, J. P. Burrows, and M. Kanakidou. "The influence of natural and anthropogenic secondary sources on the glyoxal global distribution." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2008): 1673–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-1673-2008.

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Abstract. Glyoxal, the smallest dicarbonyl, which has recently been observed from space, is expected to provide indications on VOC oxidation and secondary aerosol formation in the troposphere. Glyoxal is known to be mostly of natural origin and is produced during biogenic VOC oxidation. However, a number of anthropogenically emitted hydrocarbons, like acetylene and aromatics, have been positively identified as glyoxal precursors. The present study investigates the contribution of pollution emissions to the glyoxal levels by taking into account only the secondary chemical formation of glyoxal from precursors emitted from biogenic, anthropogenic and biomass burning sources. For this purpose, a global 3-dimensional chemistry transport model of the troposphere (TM4) able to simulate the gas phase chemistry coupled with all major aerosol components is used. The model results are compared with satellite observations of glyoxal columns over hot spot areas. According to TM4 model results, the anthropogenic contribution to the glyoxal columns is found to reach 70% in the industrialized areas of the northern hemisphere and up to 20% in the tropics. It is on average three times larger than the secondary production of glyoxal from biomass burning sources. The chemical production of glyoxal is calculated to equal about 56 Tg y−1 with 70% produced from biogenic hydrocarbons oxidation, 17% from acetylene, 11% from aromatic chemistry, and 2% from ethene and propene. Glyoxal is destroyed by reactions mainly with OH radicals (22%) and by photolysis (65%), but it is also removed from the atmosphere through wet (11%) and dry deposition (6%). Secondary organic aerosol potential formation through glyoxal losses on/in aerosols and clouds was neglected here due to the significant uncertainties associated with the underlying chemistry. The global annual mean glyoxal burden and lifetime in the model domain are estimated at 0.02 Tg and 3 h, respectively.
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Thalman, R., M. T. Baeza-Romero, S. M. Ball, E. Borrás, M. J. S. Daniels, I. C. A. Goodall, S. B. Henry, et al. "Instrument intercomparison of glyoxal, methyl glyoxal and NO<sub>2</sub> under simulated atmospheric conditions." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 4 (April 23, 2015): 1835–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1835-2015.

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Abstract. The α-dicarbonyl compounds glyoxal (CHOCHO) and methyl glyoxal (CH3C(O)CHO) are produced in the atmosphere by the oxidation of hydrocarbons and emitted directly from pyrogenic sources. Measurements of ambient concentrations inform about the rate of hydrocarbon oxidation, oxidative capacity, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. We present results from a comprehensive instrument comparison effort at two simulation chamber facilities in the US and Europe that included nine instruments, and seven different measurement techniques: broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (BBCEAS), cavity-enhanced differential optical absorption spectroscopy (CE-DOAS), white-cell DOAS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, two separate instruments), laser-induced phosphorescence (LIP), solid-phase micro extraction (SPME), and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS, two separate instruments; for methyl glyoxal only because no significant response was observed for glyoxal). Experiments at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) compare three independent sources of calibration as a function of temperature (293–330 K). Calibrations from absorption cross-section spectra at UV-visible and IR wavelengths are found to agree within 2% for glyoxal, and 4% for methyl glyoxal at all temperatures; further calibrations based on ion–molecule rate constant calculations agreed within 5% for methyl glyoxal at all temperatures. At the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE) all measurements are calibrated from the same UV-visible spectra (either directly or indirectly), thus minimizing potential systematic bias. We find excellent linearity under idealized conditions (pure glyoxal or methyl glyoxal, R2 > 0.96), and in complex gas mixtures characteristic of dry photochemical smog systems (o-xylene/NOx and isoprene/NOx, R2 > 0.95; R2 ∼ 0.65 for offline SPME measurements of methyl glyoxal). The correlations are more variable in humid ambient air mixtures (RH > 45%) for methyl glyoxal (0.58 < R2 < 0.68) than for glyoxal (0.79 < R2 < 0.99). The intercepts of correlations were insignificant for the most part (below the instruments' experimentally determined detection limits); slopes further varied by less than 5% for instruments that could also simultaneously measure NO2. For glyoxal and methyl glyoxal the slopes varied by less than 12 and 17% (both 3-σ) between direct absorption techniques (i.e., calibration from knowledge of the absorption cross section). We find a larger variability among in situ techniques that employ external calibration sources (75–90%, 3-σ), and/or techniques that employ offline analysis. Our intercomparison reveals existing differences in reports about precision and detection limits in the literature, and enables comparison on a common basis by observing a common air mass. Finally, we evaluate the influence of interfering species (e.g., NO2, O3 and H2O) of relevance in field and laboratory applications. Techniques now exist to conduct fast and accurate measurements of glyoxal at ambient concentrations, and methyl glyoxal under simulated conditions. However, techniques to measure methyl glyoxal at ambient concentrations remain a challenge, and would be desirable.
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Thalman, R., M. T. Baeza-Romero, S. M. Ball, E. Borrás, M. J. S. Daniels, I. C. A. Goodall, S. B. Henry, et al. "Instrument inter-comparison of glyoxal, methyl glyoxal and NO<sub>2</sub> under simulated atmospheric conditions." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 8 (August 19, 2014): 8581–642. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-8581-2014.

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Abstract. The α-dicarbonyl compounds glyoxal (CHOCHO) and methyl glyoxal (CH3C(O)CHO) are produced in the atmosphere by the oxidation of hydrocarbons, and emitted directly from pyrogenic sources. Measurements of ambient concentrations inform about the rate of hydrocarbon oxidation, oxidative capacity, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. We present results from a comprehensive instrument comparison effort at 2 simulation chamber facilities in the US and Europe that included 9 instruments, and 7 different measurement techniques: Broadband Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (BBCEAS), Cavity Enhanced Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CE-DOAS), White-cell DOAS, Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR, two separate instruments), Laser Induced Phosphoresence (LIP), Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME), and Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS, two separate instruments; only methyl glyoxal as no significant response was observed for glyoxal). Experiments at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) compare 3 independent sources of calibration as a function of temperature (293 K to 330 K). Calibrations from absorption cross-section spectra at UV-visible and IR wavelengths are found to agree within 2% for glyoxal, and 4% for methyl glyoxal at all temperatures; further calibrations based on ion-molecule rate constant calculations agreed within 5% for methyl glyoxal at all temperatures. At the EUropean PHOtoREactor (EUPHORE) all measurements are calibrated from the same UV-visible spectra (either directly or indirectly), thus minimizing potential systematic bias. We find excellent linearity under idealized conditions (pure glyoxal or methyl glyoxal, R2 > 0.96), and in complex gas mixtures characteristic of dry photochemical smog systems (o-xylene/NOx and isoprene/NOx, R2 > 0.95; R2 ~ 0.65 for offline SPME measurements of methyl glyoxal). The correlations are more variable in humid ambient air mixtures (RH > 45%) for methyl glyoxal (0.58 < R2 < 0.68) than for glyoxal (0.79 < R2 < 0.99). The intercepts of correlations were insignificant for the most part; slopes varied by less than 5% for instruments that also measure NO2. For glyoxal and methyl glyoxal the slopes varied by less than 12% and 17% (both 3-sigma) between inherently calibrated instruments (i.e., calibration from knowledge of the absorption cross-section). We find a larger variability among in situ techniques that employ external calibration sources (75% to 90%, 3-sigma), and/or techniques that employ offline analysis. Our inter-comparison reveal existing differences in reports about precision and detection limits in the literature, and enables comparison on a common basis by observing a common airmass. Finally, we evaluate the influence of interfering species (e.g., NO2, O3 and H2O) of relevance in field and laboratory applications. Techniques now exist to conduct fast and accurate measurements of glyoxal at ambient concentrations, and methyl glyoxal under simulated conditions. However, techniques to measure methyl glyoxal at ambient concentrations remain a challenge, and would be desirable.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Glyoxol"

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Chen, Xi. "Development of a multiphase chemical model and its application in evaluation of gas-aerosol partitioning of glyoxal /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202006%20CHEN.

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Milne, Aynsley. "Synthetic studies towards Xenovulene A." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361360.

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Daou, Marianne. "Glyoxal oxidases from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus : production, characterization and application." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0088.

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La biomasse végétale est une alternative durable et écologique pour les ressources fossiles. L'exploitation et la valorisation de cette biomasse sont rendues possibles grâce à la capacité naturelle des enzymes fongiques à dégrader et modifier cette biomasse. Parmi ces enzymes, les glyoxal oxydases génératrices de H2O2 (GLOX) restent un groupe peu étudié avec un seul exemple de protéine caractérisée dans la littérature à partir d’un champignon dégradant le bois.Dans cette thèse, trois GLOX, précédemment identifiées dans le génome du champignon dégradant le bois Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (PciGLOX), ont été sélectionnées, produites par voie hétérologue et caractérisées. La caractérisation a révélé des différences entre les trois PciGLOX dans la stabilité des protéines, la spécificité du substrat et l’efficacité catalytique. Les protéines PciGLOX sont produites sous leur forme inactive et leur mécanisme d'activation a été étudié. La capacité des GLOX à catalyser la réaction d'oxydation du 5-hydroxyméthylfurfural (HMF), d’intérêt industriel, a été étudiée pour la première fois dans ce travail. Le HMF a été oxydé par PciGLOX en acide 5-hydroxyméthyl-2-furancarboxylique (HMFCA) comme produit principal. Le HMFCA est difficile à produire par catalyse chimique et est utilisé dans la production de polyesters et de produits pharmaceutiques. PciGLOX ont également été capables de produire l’acide furandicarboxylique (FDCA), qui est un précurseur dans les procédés de production du bioplastique. Ce travail ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour étudier plus en détail le rôle de GLOX dans la dégradation de la lignocellulose, et dans les applications biotechnologiques
Plant biomass is a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for fossil fuels. The exploitation and valorisation of plant biomass is possible through biotechnological processes that rely on the natural ability of fungal enzymes to degrade and modify this biomass. Among these enzymes are H2O2-generating glyoxal oxidases (GLOX), which haven’t been extensively studied with only one example in the literature on GLOX from wood-degrading fungi. In this thesis three GLOX, previously identified in the genome of the wood-degrading fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (PciGLOX), were heterologously produced and characterisation. The three PciGLOX showed differences in their stability, substrate preferences and catalytic properties. The ability of GLOX to catalyse the biotechnologically important oxidation reaction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was investigated for the first time in this work. PciGLOX oxidized HMF to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), which is difficult to produce via chemical catalysis and is used in polyesters and pharmaceutical products production. PciGLOX were also able to oxidize HMF derivatives leading to the formation of the final product furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), which is a bioplastic precursor. PciGlOX proteins are produced in their inactive form and their activation mechanism was investigated in this thesis. This work opens new prospects to investigate more the role of GLOX in plant biomass degradation and biotechnology, and the possible optimization techniques of the catalytic properties of this enzyme
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Pebay-Peyroula, Eva. "Couplage singulet-triplet du glyoxal étude statistique par anticroisement /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376003099.

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Chassonnery, Dominique. "Dismutation du glyoxal : synthèses de molécules multifonctionnelles et études mécanistiques." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10024.

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Dans ce travail, nous etudions differents aspects de la dismutation (ou oxydoreduction interne) du glyoxal. Nous nous interessons tout d'abord au mecanisme de la dismutation du glyoxal en milieu aqueux basique (reaction de cannizzaro). Par utilisation de reactifs deuteres a deux valeurs de ph (14 et 9) ou les ordres en base sont respectivement 2 et 1, nous montrons que le mecanisme est le meme. Il comporte un transfert intramoleculaire d'hydrure et non pas un arrachement de proton par la base oh. La suite de nos travaux est consacree a l'etude de la dismutation lors de reactions du glyoxal sur d'autres molecules. Apres examen de la litterature, nous proposons un mecanisme general en trois etapes a partir du cas favorable des reactions du glyoxal avec les ethylenediamines: formation d'un intermediaire dihydroxyle, perte d'un groupement oh assistee par le doublet electronique de l'azote le plus nucleophile et obtention d'un ion imminium susceptible de se rearranger. Plusieurs types de molecules possedant un ou deux atomes d'azote ont ete mises en reaction avec le glyoxal: ethylene et propylenediamines, ethanolamines, urees, aminoamides et diamides. Dans chaque cas, des molecules symetriques ou non et possedant des substituants aliphatiques et/ou aromatiques ont ete utilisees et on a compare les rendements et les proportions de regioisomeres. Les resultats obtenus sont en accord avec notre mecanisme. La reaction est sous controle electronique et les produits de reaction sont conformes a la regiochimie prevue. Enfin nous montrons, par l'utilisation de composes deuteres dans le cas des reactions du glyoxal avec les ethylenediamines, que le rearrangement a lieu par depart de proton et formation d'une forme enolique tautomere de l'amide obtenu. Nous etablissons finalement une echelle de nucleophilie des molecules en nous basant sur leur reactivite vis-a-vis du glyoxal lors des reactions de dismutation
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Droesch, Kristen L. "The Development of Gelatin Based Tissue Adhesives for Use in Soft Tissue Biomedical Applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46204.

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Experiments were performed to characterize the pH, gelation time, diffusion processes, material properties, adhesive properties, and the drying variables on the material and adhesive properties of Gelatin Resorcinol Dialdehyde (GR-DIAL) tissue adhesives by varying formulation. Three adhesive formulations with altered weight content of water and glyoxal (a dialdehyde) were utilized. The adhesive formulations were characterized by pH and gelation time in situ, and absorption/desorption of water in the formed resin. Thermal analysis, mechanical testing, and lap shear adhesive bond testing were utilized to characterize fresh GR-DIAL adhesive formulations and formulations dried at 370C. From the results, the diffusion processes, material and adhesive properties of the adhesive formulations were primarily affected by hydrogen bonding, chemical cross-linking, and the existence of bound water within the bulk adhesive. Formulations with increased glyoxal content had both a higher degree of cross-linking and proportion of bound water within the bulk adhesive. The increased number of chemical cross-links greatly increased the swelling resistance of the adhesives, while, the existence of bound water within the adhesive increased the resistance to drying, and plasticized the resin by depressing the resin glass transition temperature, and increased the adhesive ductility. Hydrogen bonding increased with increased gelatin content or decreased water content, resulting in increased strength and modulus of the adhesives as well as increased adhesive strength.
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7

PRINCE, BEATRICE. "Synthese asymetrique de n-methyl amino esters a partir du glyoxal." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066291.

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La reaction entre un synthon chiral derive du glyoxal et des composes organometalliques conduit, en plusieurs etapes, a des composes optiquement purs. La stereochimie de la reaction depend de la nature de l'organometallique utilise lors de la premiere etape, qui consiste en la substitution d'un groupe thiophenyle: inversion majoritaire avec les organocuivreux ou retention totale avec les organozinciques. Dans le cas des organozinciques, un effet stereodirecteur d'un groupe hydroxyallylique a ete mis en evidence dans un ion iminium, qui est l'intermediaire reel de la reaction
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Tippelt, Sonja, C. Ma, Martin Witt, Susanne Bierbaum, and Richard H. W. Funk. "Collagen Type I Prevents Glyoxal-Induced Apoptosis in Osteoblastic Cells Cultured on Titanium Alloy." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-136325.

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Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) irreversibly cross-link proteins with sugars and accumulate at a higher age and in diabetes, processes which can interfere with the integration of implants into the tissue. Glyoxal is a highly reactive glycating agent involved in the formation of AGEs and is known to induce apoptosis, as revealed by the upregulation of caspase-3 and fractin (caspase-3 being a key enzyme activated during the late stage of apoptosis and fractin being a caspase-cleaved actin fragment). In this study, we investigated the influence of collagen type I coating on the cytotoxic effect of glyoxal on rat calvarial osteoblastic cells and on human osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2) grown on titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V. Activation of caspase-3 and fractin was measured by counting immunohistochemically stained cells and by flow cytometry with propidium iodide (detection of the apoptosis indicating a sub-G1 peak). Our results showed an increased number of apoptotic osteoblasts after incubation with glyoxal on Ti6Al4V discs. However, the number of apoptotic cells on collagen-coated titanium was significantly smaller than on uncoated titanium after the same treatment. The present findings demonstrate that osteoblasts treated with glyoxal undergo apoptosis, whereas collagen type I coating of titanium alloys (used for implants) has an antiapoptotic function
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Wikström, Linus. "Surface treatment of cellulose ethers Ytmodifiering av cellulosaetrar." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17977.

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The aim of this diploma work was to execute surface treatment of non-ionic cellulose ethers EHEC that AkzoNobel provides under the tradename Bermocoll®. In order for the cellulose ether to dissolve without forming lumps, some surface treatment is commonly required. In this work glyoxal has been used for this surface modification using two different lab-scale methods that in different ways mimic the full scale production. It is an everlasting challenge for the chemical industry to reduce the consumption of chemicals and also reduce energy consumption in the production. Therefore one objective of this work was to gain fundamental understanding about the glyoxal reaction with EHEC in terms of required equivalents glyoxal, reaction temperature and reaction time. Another aim of this work was to compare the two lab scale methods with regards to their predictivity and reproducibility of results.One method is called the dry method in which a water solution of glyoxal was added to dry, non-glyoxal treated EHEC at varying temperature during heavy agitation. The second method is called the acetone method where the EHEC and glyoxal were first suspended in acetone at room temperature, and then heated at different temperature for various time periods. The parameters in the experiments made was chosen using a design of experiments (DoE) approach in order to gain as much information as possible from a few experiments and also facilitating a statistical analysis of the results.This diploma work indicates that the acetone method have a better reproducibility and would be the better choice when investigating various parameters for the reaction. On the other hand the dry method might be better suited for the further analysis of temperature dependence of the glyoxal reaction with cellulose ethers. The most important factor for the reaction was the amount of glyoxal used, whereas it is indicated that the reaction temperature had a minor effect on the reaction yields.
Program: Högskoleingenjörsexamen i Kemiingenjör – tillämpad bioteknik
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Thiam, Mohamadou. "Acétals chiraux du glyoxal et dérivés : stéréosélectivité de l'addition d'organométalliques : synthèse d'aminoacides." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10167.

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Le glyoxal presente un grand interet synthetique surtout si l'on peut engager ses deux fonctions dans des reactions regio et stereoselectives. Ce travail concerne l'utilisation de derives dissymetriques du glyoxal en synthese asymetrique. La premiere partie de ce travail decrit des essais de dissymetrisation, faites a partir de glyoxal ou de glyoxal masque, qui n'ont pas donne satisfaction. La deuxieme partie decrit d'abord la preparation de divers monoacetals chiraux du glyoxal, obtenus par acetalisation des monothioacetals correspondants suivie de l'hydrolyse de la fonction thioacetal. La diastereoselectivite de l'addition d'organometalliques sur la fonction aldehyde adjacente a l'acetal est assez modeste, quel que soit le diol dont est issu l'acetal. La troisieme partie decrit la preparation de plusieurs acetals hydrazones chiraux par transacetalisation de dimethylacetalhydrazone. Puis on etude la diastereoselectivite de l'addition d'organolithiens sur la fonction hydrazone, qui est assez bonne en general et peut etre excellente si on choisit judicieusement le diol dont est issu l'acetal chiral. Nous proposons un mecanisme (chelation du lithium) en accord avec les resultats obtenus. La coupure non epimerisante de la liaison n-n peut se faire dans des conditions d'hydrogenation bien controlees. Apres oxydation on obtient l'aminoacide correspondant avec une bonne purete optique. La quatrieme partie decrit l'obtention des diols 1,2 et 1,3 symetriques ou non, qui ont ete utilises et dont la plupart ne sont pas decrits dans la litterature. L'utilisation de derives chiraux du glyoxal, appliquee aux acetals hydrazones chiraux, constitue donc une nouvelle methode de synthese d'aminoacides optiquement actifs
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Books on the topic "Glyoxol"

1

Kagaku Busshitsu Hyōka Kenkyū Kikō and Shin Enerugī Sangyō Gijutsu Sōgō Kaihatsu Kikō (Japan), eds. Guriokisāru: Glyoxal. Tōkyō: Seihin Hyōka Gijutsu Kiban Kikō Kagaku Busshitsu Hyōka Kenkyū Kikō, 2009.

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Kersten, Philip J. Involvement of a new enzyme, glyoxal oxidase, in estracellular Hb2sOb2s production by Phaneerochaete chrysosporium. [Madison, Wis.?: Forest Products Laboratory], 1988.

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Kersten, Philip J. Involvement of a new enzyme, glyoxal oxidase, in extracellular Hb2sOb2s production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. [Madison, Wis.?: Forest Products Laboratory], 1987.

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Glyoxal. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004.

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Glyoxal (Concise International Chemical Assessment Document, No. 57) (Concise International Chemical Assessment Document). World Health Organization, 2004.

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Wickun, William Gladkowski. Rotational relaxation in the first excited singlet state of glyoxal. 1987.

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Bickel, Grant Alan. One and two-photon studies in molecular and atomic spectroscopy: I. two-photon specta of glyoxal and neon. II. the S. 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Glyoxol"

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Riley, David S. "Glyoxal." In Materia Medica of New and Old Homeopathic Medicines, 97–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25292-1_31.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Glyoxal." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 232. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_4452.

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Demaison, J. "154 C2H2O2 Ethanedial (glyoxal)." In Asymmetric Top Molecules. Part 1, 324–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10371-1_156.

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Rabbani, Naila, and Paul J. Thornalley. "Dicarbonyls (Glyoxal, Methylglyoxal, and 3-Deoxyglucosone)." In Uremic Toxins, 177–92. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118424032.ch12.

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Oehr, Klaus H., and Jim Mckinley. "Glyoxal Production from Biomass Pyrolysis Derived Hydroxyacetaldehyde." In Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 1452–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_115.

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Orr, B. J., A. B. Duval, and D. A. King. "Raman-Optical Double Resonance Spectroscopy of Glyoxal Vapor." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 196–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39664-2_57.

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Alvarado, Leonardo M. A., Andreas Richter, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Folkard Wittrock, Andreas Hilboll, Stefan F. Schreier, and John P. Burrows. "Investigating the Link Between Glyoxal and Biogenic Activities." In Towards an Interdisciplinary Approach in Earth System Science, 59–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13865-7_7.

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Mateo, Cesar, Gloria Fernandez-Lorente, Javier Rocha-Martin, Juan M. Bolivar, and Jose M. Guisan. "Oriented Covalent Immobilization of Enzymes on Heterofunctional-Glyoxyl Supports." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 73–88. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-550-7_6.

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Rostam, Nadia, and Roland Dosch. "Glyoxal Fixation as an Alternative for Zebrafish Embryo Immunostaining." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 245–52. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0970-5_19.

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Schlaghaufer, Florian, Johannes Fischer, and Alkwin Slenczka. "Electronic Spectroscopy in Superfluid Helium Droplets." In Topics in Applied Physics, 179–240. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94896-2_5.

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AbstractElectronic spectroscopy has been instrumental in demonstrating the properties of helium droplets as a cryogenic matrix for molecules. The electronic spectrum of glyoxal, which was one of the first molecules investigated in helium droplets by means of electronic spectroscopy, showed two features that provided convincing evidence that the droplets were superfluid. These were free rotation and the distinct shape of the phonon side band which could be directly assigned to the characteristic dispersion curve of a superfluid. On closer examination, however, details such as increased moments of inertia and a spectral response on the droplet size distribution revealed unexpected features of microsolvation in the superfluid helium. In the course of studying many different molecules, it has become clear that electronic spectroscopy in helium droplets provides insight into the detailed effects of microsolvation. These in turn lead to numerous questions regarding the interaction with the superfluid which are discussed in this chapter. In addition, the influence of microsolvation in helium droplets on van der Waals clusters generated inside helium droplets are discussed. Finally, the effect of helium solvation on unimolecular or bimolecular elementary chemical reactions is evaluated in comparison with corresponding experiments in the gas phase. Particular focus of this article lies on the spectral features related to helium solvation which are not yet fully understood.
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Conference papers on the topic "Glyoxol"

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Lehrer, Scott, Jagrut Jani, Sunder Ramachandran, and Zhengwei Liu. "Development and Application of a Novel Hydrogen Sulfide Scavenger for Oilfield Applications." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204311-ms.

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Abstract Currently used scavengers in mixed production applications can have issues with poor efficiency and thermal stability (triazines, glyoxal), scaling tendency (triazines), corrosivity (glyoxal), and emulsification (metal-based scavengers). Research was conducted which resulted in a new scavenger that avoids negative side effects while maintaining efficient performance over a wide range of applications. The application of this scavenger into mixed production can avoid or reduce the need for H2S removal post-separation, thereby reducing overall cost. The development and field application of a new Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Scavenger in oilfield mixed production applications is presented. Several field applications will be discussed comparing the overall performance of this new H2S scavenger with existing technologies. Field application results will show that this novel scavenger avoids issues with currently used scavengers including poor efficiency, corrosivity, scaling, and emulsification. This new H2S scavenger technology is suitable for both surface and downhole injection. It will be demonstrated how removing H2S upstream in mixed production can save overall treatment cost.
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Kroll, Jay, Veronica Vaida, and Jessica Axson. "GAS PHASE HYDRATION OF METHYL GLYOXAL TO FORM THE GEMDIOL." In 71st International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2016.tb10.

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Mei, Liang, Patrik Lundin, Gabriel Somesfalean, Jiandong Hu, Guangyu Zhao, Sune Svanberg, Joakim Bood, Mihalis Vrekoussis, and Alexandros Papayannis. "First attempt to monitor atmospheric glyoxal using differential absorption lidar." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Evgueni I. Kassianov, Adolfo Comeron, Richard H. Picard, Klaus Schäfer, Upendra N. Singh, and Gelsomina Pappalardo. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2009528.

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Pluskota-Karwatka, Donata, Magdalena Bruszyńska, and Leif Kronberg. "Identification of an adduct formed in the reaction of malonaldehyde-glyoxal with adenosine." In XIIIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200507339.

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Feng, Hanfang, Yanfan Wu, Xuemei Feng, Guangxian Zhang, and Guangxian Zhang. "Stiffness and Wrinkle-resistant Finishing of Cotton Fabric Based on Acrylamide and Glyoxal." In The 3rd International Conference on Machinery, Materials Science and Energy Engineering (ICMMSEE 2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814719391_0062.

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Feng, Hanfang, Yanfan Wu, Xuemei Feng, Guangxian Zhang, and Guangxian Zhang. "Improving Stiffness and Wrinkle-resistant Polyester-Cotton Blended Fabric by Acrylamide and Glyoxal." In The 3rd International Conference on Machinery, Materials Science and Energy Engineering (ICMMSEE 2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814719391_0063.

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Duan, Jun, Helu Zhang, Pinhua Xie, and Wenqing Liu. "Measurements of glyoxal using broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer on mobile platforms in Hefei." In Global Intelligent Industry Conference 2020, edited by Liang Wang. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2590031.

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Pluskota-Karwatka, Donata, Dorota Matysiak, and Marta Makarewicz. "Cross-linking induced by the conjugate malonaldehyde-glyoxal and malonaldehyde-methylglyoxal adducts of 2'-deoxyadenosine." In XVth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css201112249.

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Simakova, A., A. Kudyakov, V. Efremova, and A. Latypov. "The effects of complex glyoxal based modifiers on properties of cement paste and hardened cement paste." In THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THEORETICAL AND APPLIED PHYSICS (THE 6th ICTAP). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4973022.

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Coitiño, Elena L., and Jacopo Tomasi. "Theoretical study of the internal rotation in neutral and protonated glyoxal: From gas phase to aqueous solution." In The first European conference on computational chemistry (E.C.C.C.1). AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47690.

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