Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Glycosylation – Chez les animaux'
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Nivoit, Pierre. "Effets microcirculatoires des LDL modififées : étude, in vivo, chez la souris." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10090.
Full textMoreno-Borrallo, Adrián. "Glucose and glycation in birds : phylogenetic and ecological factors, physiological mechanisms and individual fitness links." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ057.
Full textGlucose is central to metabolism, but it also affects ageing by promoting non-enzymatic glycation and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE). This thesis studies glucose and glycation in birds, which show a higher mass-adjusted longevity compared to mammals despite higher blood glucose levels, through: (i) a study relating these traits to diet and life history traits along the bird tree, (ii) an assessment of their link to fitness in a wild population and (iii) a experiment in captivity exploring their adverse effects on markers of senescence. We showed (i) greater resistance to glycation in species with higher glucose levels, (ii) effects of glucose on survival and reproductive outcome, and (iii) that chronic glucose supplementation reduces survival, increasing glycation and AGE
Mérit, Xavier. "Protéines G et glycosylation chez Aspergillus niger." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10086.
Full textJamon, Marc. "L'orientation lointaine chez l'animal." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22026.
Full textMohiman, Niloofar. "Étude de la biogénèse des lipoprotéines chez Corynebacterium glutamicum." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA114865.
Full textDue to their contribution to bacterial virulence, lipoproteins and members of the lipoprotein biogenesis pathway represent potent drug targets. Following translocation across the inner membrane, lipoprotein precursors are acylated by lipoprotein diacylglycerol transferase (Lgt), cleaved off their signal peptides by lipoprotein signal peptidase (Lsp) and, in Gram-negative bacteria, further triacylated by lipoprotein N-acyl transferase (Lnt). The existence of an active apolipoprotein N-acyltransferase (Ms-Ppm2) involved in the N-acylation of LppX was recently reported in M. smegmatis. Ms-Ppm2 is part of the ppm operon in which Ppm1, a polyprenol-monophosphomannose synthase, has been shown to be essential in lipoglycans synthesis but whose function in lipoprotein biosynthesis is completely unknown. In order to clarify the role of the ppm operon in lipoprotein biosynthesis, we investigated the post-translational modifications of two model lipoproteins (AmyE and LppX) in C. glutamicum ∆ppm1 and ∆ppm2 mutants. Our results show that both proteins are anchored into the membrane and that their N-termini are N-acylated by Cg-Ppm2. The acylated Ntermina peptide of LppX was also found to be modified by hexose moieties. This O-glycosylation is localized in the N-terminal peptide of LppX and disappeared in the ∆ppm1 mutant. While compromised in the absence of Cg-Ppm2, LppX Oglycosylation could be restored when Cg-Ppm1, Cg-Ppm2 or the homologous Mt-Ppm1 of M. tuberculosis was overexpressed. Together, these results show for the first time that Cg-Ppm1 (Ppm synthase) and Cg-Ppm2 (Lnt) operate in a common biosynthetic pathway in which lipoprotein N-acylation and glycosylation are tightly coupled
Tentchev, Diana. "Le virus des ailes déformées chez l'abeille domestique Apis mellifera L. Et chez son ectoparasite Varroa destructor." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20199.
Full textKhidir, Zakaria Fadoul. "Lexique des animaux chez les Beri du Tchad." Universität Leipzig, 2001. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33599.
Full textMasounave, Laure Bertagnoli Stéphane. "Les pestivirus chez les animaux sauvages étude bibliographique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/2076/1/debouch_2076.pdf.
Full textDarras, Sébastien. "Formation des structures axiales chez les chordés." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22015.
Full textLefebvre, François. "Stratégies de reproduction chez les crustacés isopodes terrestres." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2271.
Full textWe investigated various aspects, essentially behavioural ones, of the reproduction of terrestrial isopods by using Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellionides pruinosus as model species. A chemical analysis was carried out on cuticular compounds involved in the recognition of sexual partners. The competitive strategy of males seems to primarily occur through a scramble search for receptive females. During sexual interactions, females resist male sexual attempts, which can be interpreted as a possible mechanism of choice. We highlighted some of the phenotypic peculiarities of females (existence of a spermathecae, plasticity in the onset of reproduction) that allow them to adjust their reproductive investment as a function of male availability. In natural populations, there exists frequent paucity in males, which is directly related to the presence of feminising Wolbachia bacteria
Vakanas, Guillaume. "Les mécanismes de la coopération chez les Arthropodes sociaux : étude de la prédation chez une araignée sociale "Anelosimus eximius" ("Araneae,Theridiidae)." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10025.
Full textPredation in a social species of spider, Anelosimus eximius, is characterised by 3 steps: during the first spiders are recruited, thus it capture and finally transport the prey. The organisation observed during capture and transport is explained by a coordination of individual acts that results of an adjustment of their behaviours to the state of the prey and to its environment (stimergic process). This is confirmed by computer simulation. The regulation of the number of individuals participating in every stage of the predation is also explained by auto-organisation phenomena. It is the prey features (vibrations, weight and size) that regulate the individual involvement. The nutritional status of individuals is also involved in this regulation. Small spiders are more active than large one. Thus, cooperation during predation emerges from group living and doesn't require sophisticated communication mechanisms between individuals. It permits to understand better how the passage from solitary to social species has been realised without important modifications of individual behaviours
Livoreil, Barbara. "Etude comparée des modalités d'approvisionnement alimentaire chez trois espèces d'écureuils terrestres." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA131011.
Full textRayon, Catherine. "La N-glycosylation chez les plantes. Etude d'une glycoprotéine modèle : la phytohémagglutinine." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES007.
Full textBeaulieu, Michael. "Réponses aux contraintes de reproduction chez le manchot Adélie." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6205.
Full textLife-history theory predicts that an increased allocation of resources into current breeding will be followed by a lower adult survival or fecundity. Consequently, long-lived animals have to accurately regulate their effort in current reproduction to maximise their survival probability and lifetime breeding success. In addition, in biparental species, a conflict of interest may arise between mates, both being expected to minimise their breeding effort in current reproduction. We examined the trade-off between reproduction and maintenance in a long-lived and biparental species, the Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae, subjected to two constraints (environmental and experimental) affecting food accessibility during the breeding season. Penguins responded to both constraints by adjusting their foraging behaviour: longer foraging trips, modified spatial distribution and diving parameters. These behavioural changes are likely to result from hormonal changes (prolactin). In addition, penguins facing a breeding constraint give priority to their maintenance by increasing their antioxidant capacity, expected to reduce the negative impacts of reproduction on the organism senescence (steady telomere size). However, when the constraint is too severe, these behavioural and physiological adjustments are insufficient and in that case, penguins exhibit decreased body condition, lower survival rate and fecundity the subsequent year. This may explain why, when only one mate is subjected to a breeding constraint, its partner does not increase its parental effort to compensate, presumably to avoid the potential long-term consequences of an additional investment. In Adélie penguins, parental flexibility appears limited and beyond a threshold of constraint, this flexibility remains insufficient to avoid the deleterious consequences of reproduction on their fitness
Bouchard, Martel Joanie. "Caractérisation des cellules interstitielles des quatre différentes valves cardiaques chez le porc." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25315/25315.pdf.
Full textSpahr, Annie. "Caractérisation des macrophages alvéolaires chez un modèle animal d'asthme allergique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24369/24369.pdf.
Full textBernard-Cardona, Muriel. "Protéines et paroi chez Aspergillus fumigatus." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005702.
Full textPriet, Stéphane. "Un système de réparation des uraciles unique chez les virus ARN : Le cas du virus HIV-1." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22079.
Full textLoyau, Adeline. "Sélection sexuelle et honnêteté des signaux chez le Paon bleu (Pavo cristatus)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0064.
Full textIn many species males exhibit varous conspicous secondary sexual traits thought to have evolved under sexual selection. These multiple traits may honestly signal male genetic quality. Prefering males able to express the most important signals, females may benefit from the genetic quality of their mates to transmit this genetic quality to their offspring. In turn, females are expected to invest more into reproduction when they are paired with more attractive males. We studied the mechanisms of sexual selection in a lekkig species, the Common peafowl, Pavo cristatus. We found that males display multiple signals. Indeed, male-male competition favored males with longer tarsis and longer trains and females preferred to mate with more ornamented males and males showing a high display rate. These males settled their territory where the probability to encounter females was the highest. The signals used by the femelles to choose a mate were honest signals of male health status and male immune capacities. When experiementally paired with attractive males, females invested more into reproduction. Overall, these results demonstrate that male multiple traits can have evolved because they were linked to “good genes” gathered by the females for their offspring
Guérardel, Yann. "Variabilité structurale et fonctionnelle des glycoconjugués : études réalisées chez les mycobactéries, les nématodes, les éponges et les amphibiens." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-199.pdf.
Full textMontigny, Delphine. "Fonctions adaptatives immédiates et diofférées de la phéronone mammaire chez le lapereau." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132031.
Full textNewborn rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are dependent of maternal odour cues to localise the nipples and to suck. During a nursing episode, they display a typical behaviour under the mother’s abdomen constitutedby searching movements of the head usually followed by oral grasping movements. Such responses are in particular released by the mammary pheromone (MP) emitted by lactating females. They may also be induced bya novel odorant after it has been learned by association with the MP. In this context, three objectives have beenpursued in the present thesis: the assessment of the impact of the satiation and of the rabbit pup development on 1) the releasing activity of the MP, 2) the reinforcing impact of the MP on an initially neutral odorant; and 3) the evaluation of the long term impact of the releasing and reinforcing functions of the MP during the development of the young rabbit. 1) During the first postnatal days, the ability of the MP to trigger the orocephalic movements of the pups appears independent of the prandial state. Then, a progressive transition from an “automatic” response to the MP to a response regulated by post-ingestive or post-absorptive factors occurs. Indeed, the response to the MP remains very high along the 24-h cycle on d2, but on d5 the MP is highly active only right before the daily nursing. Moreover, an evolution in the morphology of the response to the MP appears between birth and weaning. 2) The potency of the MP to induce odour-learning is affected by the prandial state as soon as d0. Inaddition, this reinforcing function vanishes after d4, suggesting the presence of a sensitive period for the reinforcing activity of the MP. 3) The neonatal learning of a new odorant seems to impact the behaviour of young rabbits (around 30-day-old) tested for their social preferences, but not for their feeding ones. But this retention seems to require a stronger reinforcement (nursing) than that resulting from the exposure to the MP only. These results open perspectives for the study of the mechanisms engaged in the learning of the mammal newborn and of their consequences in the short as the long term, in particular through the action of pheromonal and of multi-sensory reinforcers dependent of the mother that contribute to the adaptation of the young
Sánchez, Maria Gabriela. "Neuromodulation estrogénique chez le singe." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23256.
Full textLegagneux, Pierre Bretagnolle Vincent Groscolas René. "Compromis entre alimentation et risque de prédation chez les canards hivernants Une approche multi-échelles /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/841/01/LEGAGNEUX_Pierre_2007.pdf.
Full textThèse en français avec des extraits de publication en anglais. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 80-97.
Bousquié, Lara. "Etude des processus cognitifs impliqués dans la différenciation des émotions chez l'agneau (Ovis aries)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF21498.
Full textBelard, Michel. "Origine et destinée des phospho-oligosaccharides libérés de la N-glycosylation : caractérisation d'une oligosaccharidyl-dipnosphodolichol pyrophosphatase chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10040.
Full textSaleh-Mghir, Essam. "La reconnaissance coloniale chez l'abeille : Apis mellifica L." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30273.
Full textPelé, Marie. "Etude comparative des facultés d’échange chez les primates non humains." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/PELE_Marie_2010.pdf.
Full textAs in humans, reciprocal interactions are reported in animals such as primates. Some authors proposed that these interactions are based on calculated reciprocity, a mechanism by which individuals keep track of what has been given and returned and consider it for future exchanges. This work aimed at studying the conditions necessary for calculated reciprocity to occur 1. By testing whether primates understand the temporal cost associated with an exchange, 2. By studying the capacity of primates to take a risk during an exchange and 3. By searching whether primates are capable to engage with a conspecific in a calculated exchange under controlled conditions. In the 1st study, for a reward equivalent to 8 times an initial item, capuchins could wait for 10-20 s, macaques for 40-80 s and chimpanzees for 1-2 min. In the 2nd study, primates are capable to estimate gain and loss probabilities and to consider it when deciding to engage or not in an exchange. In the last study, two orang-utans were able to engage in a system of exchanges that was both stable and calculated. Only few begging gestures and gifts were observed in chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas; and individuals were not capable to reciprocate. In capuchins and macaques, no begging gesture nor gifts has been observed. Although spontaneous exchange is difficult in non-human primates, this work shows that they possess some abilities to evaluate the value of goods, to accept a loss and to delay gratification, which are among the required capacities underlying economics transactions as observed in human beings
Boyer, Stéphane. "Séléction de l'habitat chez les blattes introduites/endémiques(insectes:dictyoptères). Exemple de Mayotte et la Réunion." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10106.
Full textVogt, Guillaume. "Défauts héréditaires du récepteur IFNGR2 chez l'Homme : complémentation par des inhibiteurs de la glycosylation." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05T054.
Full textMendelian susceplibility to mycobacterial disease is a rare syndrome that confers predisposition to illness caused by moderately virulent mycobacterial species. Mutation in six genes, whose IFNGR2,. Are responsible of this syndrome. We identified four children with mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease who were homozygous with respect to a missense mutation or micro insertion in IFNGR2 gene. The first mutation (T168N) create a new N-glycosylation site, the second mutation (382-387dup) a misfolded protein. For the first ; time, we proved that the resulting additional carbohydrate moiety was both necessary and' sufficient to abolish the cellular response to IFNy. We then searched in silico, the Human Gene Mutation Database for potential gain-of-N-glycosylation missense mutations; of 10,047 mutations in 577 genes encoding proteins trafficked through the secretory pathway, we identified 142 candidate mutations (~1. 4%) in 77 genes (~13. 3%). This proportion was significantly higher (p< 10"7) than randomly expected. Thus, an unexpectedly high proportion of mutations that cause human genetic disease might lead to the creation of new N-glycosylation sites. Mutations involving gains of glycosylation have been considered rare, and the pathogenic role of the new carbohydrate chains has never been formally established. We identified three children with mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease who were homozygous with respect to a missense mutation in IFNGR2 creating a new N-glycosylation site in the IFNyR2 chain. We next complemented, germinal cell line bearing mutation of gain-of-glycosylation, with inhibitors of glycosylation to either prevent formation of the deleterious carbohydrates or glucosidase to remove the added carbohydrate. We studied, too, a child homozygous for the in-frame microinsertion 382-387dup in IFNGR2. Missense and other in-frame mutations may be deleterious because the mutant proteins are not correctly targeted, do not function correctly, or both. Most of the !FN-yR2 protein was retained within the cell, and the few that reach the cell surface had an abnormally high molecular weight due to glycosylation. Consequently, the patient's cells did not respond to IFN-y. We tested 29 chemical compounds affecting maturation by N-glycosylation in the secretory pathway. Up to 13 of these compounds reduced the molecular weight of surface-expressed IFN-yR2 mutant molecules and restored cellular responsiveness to IFN-y. Some of these compounds also complemented missense mutations in other genes,. Modifiers of N-glycosylation can therefore complement human cells carrying in-frame mutations in genes encoding proteins subject to trafficking via the secretory pathway. Because the quality control could be affected by inhibitor of N-glycosylation, the expression of mutant protein is possible. Some of these compounds are available for clinical use, paving the way for clinical trials of chemical complementation for various human genetic diseases
Rousselle, Marjolaine. "Estimation et analyse du taux de substitution adaptatif chez les animaux." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG040/document.
Full textUnderstanding the determinants of the adaptive substitution rate is a central question inmolecular evolution. In particular, the influence of the effective population size N e on positiveselection as well as the nature of amino acid changes that lead to adaptation are still debated. TheDFE-α method, which was derived from the seminal McDonald & Kreitman test, is a powerful toolfor estimating the adaptive substitution rate. However, it is sensitive to various sources of bias. Inthis thesis, we identified two major sources of bias of this test, long-term fluctuations of theselective-drift regime through demographic fluctuations, and GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC).Using simulations, we showed that under plausible scenarios of fluctuating demography, the DFE-αmethod can lead to a severe over-estimation of the adaptive substitution rate. We also showed thatpolymorphism data reflect a transient selective-drift regime which is unlikely to correspond to theaverage regime experienced by genes and genomes during the long-term divergence betweenspecies. This violates an important assumption of the DFE-α method. Our results also indicate thatgBGC leads to an over-estimation of the adaptive substitution rate in primates and birds. Using adataset of nine metazoan taxa for a total of 40 species, we started an analysis aiming at identifyingthe type of amino acid changes that are more prone to adaptation, and evaluated the link between N eand the adaptive substitution rate while accounting for the two sources of bias previously explored.We reveal for the first time a negative relationship between the adaptive substitution rate and life-history traits representative of long-term N e . This result is in contradiction with the widespreadhypothesis that adaptation is more efficient in large populations
Cransac, Nathalie. "Déterminismes de la ségrégation entre les sexes chez le Mouflon (Ovis gmelini) : rôle des caractéristiques de l'habitat." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30051.
Full textParisot, Maelle. "Le statut social et le choix du partenaire chez le canari domestique commun (Serinus canaria): indices comportementaux, hormonaux et vocaux." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA132018.
Full textKeller, Matthieu. "Processus d'acquisition et de consolidation impliqués dans la mémorisation des caractéristiques multisensorielles du jeune par la brebis : approches comportementale et neurobiologique." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA132028.
Full textLe, Vaillant Maryline. "Effet de l’âge et de l’expérience sur les stratégies de recherche alimentaire chez une espèce d’oiseau longévive : le manchot royal." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6216.
Full textLife history theory predicts that long-lived species should firstly favour their survival at young ages since their chances to engage in future reproductive attempts is high, and then progressively favour their reproduction when growing old. This theory has received much support from experimental and field data as reproductive success often increases with age until the individual reaches senescence. One explanation of age-dependent reproductive performance could be the improvement in foraging efficiency with age and acquisition of experience. We examined age and experience effects on foraging behaviour in a long-lived seabird, the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus). We highlighted that, with increasing age and experience, king penguin in Crozet Archipelago conduct strategies that aim at reducing the foraging effort, such as diving optimization or age-specific choice of prey. The extra foraging effort of first breeders had an impact on their breeding success. Nevertheless, we found no differences in hunting efficiency according to age and/or experience. Our results suggest that foraging efficiency of breeders could be more linked to physiological processes, such as cellular ageing, than to age or experience
Benchabane, Meriem. "Modifications post-traductionnelles d’une serpine humaine recombinante exprimée chez les plantes." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES020.
Full textPlants represent interesting production platforms for recombinant proteins. Protein post-translational modifications however, may not be adequate, with a possible negative impact on their commercial value. To assess this problem, we expressed human α1-antichymotrypsin (AACT), a glycosylated serine protease inhibitor, in cultured BY2 tobacco cells. The inhibitor was targeted to different subcellular compartments to assess the impact of cellular destination on its stability and glycosylation. Our results showed that AACT entering the secretory pathway was readily processed to lower molecular weight forms resulting from glycan maturation and proteolytic processing. Intriguingly, cytosolic expression generated more stable proteins, although not glycosylated, that accumulated mostly in the nucleus. We further demonstrated that mutation of AACT DNA binding site partially altered the nucleus distribution, thus suggesting a role of this DNA binding in nuclear retention
Cantagrel, Sylvain. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans les lésions cérébrales après hypoxie-ischémie chez l'animal en développement." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR3301.
Full textLizé, Anne. "Reconnaissance de parentèle chez Aleochara bilineata (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae) : mécanismes proximaux et optimalité évolutive." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S085.
Full textKin recognition, defined as the identification and differential treatments of kin and non-kin, allows to identify the factors influencing the sociality establishment. This ability exists in all the animal kingdom, from unicellular organisms to human being. However, in insects, kin recognition has only been studied in social or clonal species. In the non-social staphylinid beetle Aleochara bilineata (Coleoptera ; Staphylinidae), the first instar larvae, which develop as pupal parasitoid of the cabbage root fly Delia radicum (Diptera ; Anthomyiidae), and the adults are able of kin recognition. In this species, kin recognition is studied according to its expression contexts, proximal mechanisms and its evolutionary optimality. The factors leading to sociality establishment in animal populations are reached
Ovide, Clément. "Etude de la morphogenèse et de la voie de N-glycosylation chez la diatomée P. Tricornutum." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES036.
Full textN-glycosylation is a major co- and post-translational event of the protein biosynthesis in Eukaryotes. Actually, little information regarding this processing is available in microalgae. In this work, we continued the exploration of the N-glycosylation pathway in the model diatom P. Tricornutum by focusing especially on the characterization of three putative α1,3 fucosyltransferases. Our analyzes question the annotation for two of the genes encoding for these fucosyltransferases and propose new ones. In order to achieve the subcellular localization of these glycosyltransferases, we used an over-expressed fusion tag proteins strategy combined together with microscopy approaches. Observations performed by confocal microscopy and TEM allowed us to demonstrate the Golgi subcellular localization of these enzymes. This represent the first subcellular localization of glycosyltransferases in microalgae. P. Tricornutum possess three different morphotypes named oval, fusiform and triradiate. The transition from one morphotype to another strongly depends on the environmental conditions. However, little information is available regarding the mechanisms and physiological significance of this morphogenesis. In order to provide new knowledge related to the morphogenesis in P. Tricornutm, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of the three morphotypes by an RNA Seq approach. Besides expanding our knowledge about P. Tricornutum morphogenesis, data also helped to identify new reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis
Ethier, Christian. "Propriétés fonctionnelles et organisation du cortex moteur chez le chat." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25023/25023.pdf.
Full textSueur, Cédric Petit Odile Deneubourg Jean-Louis. "Étude comparative de l'influence des relations sociales sur l'organisation des déplacements collectifs chez deux espèces de macaques (Macaca tonkeana, M. mulatta)." Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1074/01/SUEUR_Cedric_2008.pdf.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 194-218.
Lucas, Pierre-Louis. "Etude et ingénierie de la N-glycosylation des protéines chez la microalgue verte chlamydomanas reinhardtii." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR061/document.
Full textCurrently, more than 70% of the commercialized biopharmaceuticals are glycoproteins. The high production costs lead scientists to develop alternative organisms suitable for such production. Recently, microalgae emerged as a potential interesting production system thanks to their quick growth rate and low production costs. However, prior to start industrial glycoproteins production in microalgae, protein post-translational modifications like Nglycosylation, must be carefully controlled. This PhD thesis focused on the analysis of the Nglycosylation pathway of two different microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (greenmicroalgae) and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (diatom). In order to start N-glycan engineering, heterologous N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnT I) sequences were expressed in C.reinhardtii. This study demonstrated that C. reinhardtii synthetize a linear N-glycan unsuitable for GnT I activity and allows the reinvestigation of the C. reinhardtii N-glycosylation pathway. A second chapter of this work focus on the optimization of a protocol suitable for analyzing the structure of the Dolichol N-linked precursors of C. reinhardtii and P. tricornutum. Lastly, two potential xylosyltransferases (XTA and XTB) from C. reinhardtii were characterized using insertional mutants and N-glycomic analyses by mass spectrometry approaches. This work allows us to propose specific involvement of XTA and XTB in the xylosylation processing of C.reinhardtii N-glycans
Keiflin, Ronald. "La rechute chez le toxicomane et sa modélisation chez l'animal : analyse des processus comportementaux élémentaires." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21528.
Full textRelapse to drug taking, evenafter extended periods of abstinence, is one od the main obstacles to the effective treatment of drug addiction. Although the factors responsible for the resumption of drug taking in human addicts are not completely understood, acute re-exposure to the drug has been identified as a major determinant of relapse. In an animal model of relapse, an acute "priming" injection of the drug results in a robust reinstatement of a formerly acquired and then extinguished drug self-administration behavior. In order to determine more precisely which feature of human relapse is captured by the reinstatement model, we intended to tease apart the contribution of several elemental psychological processes in the cocaine-induced reinstatement model. We found that : 1/ Cocaine acts as a (internal) stimulus and acquires discriminative control over behavior. Hence, cocaine can reinstate an extinguished food-seeking gehavior when this behavior has been previously trained under the influence of cocaine. 2/ Cocaine-induced reinstatement is independent of the current value of the outcome. This result indicates that cocaine-induced reinstatement is not a goal-directed behavior (reinstatement is not necessarly equivalent to drug seeking). This series of experiments indicates that the reinstatement model, cocaine acts as a discriminative stimulus that controls the activation of automatic, habit-based behaviors. In human addicts, such a discriminative control of automatic drug-related behaviors might explain the high probability of relapse, even after extended periods of abstinence and conscious knowledge of the long-term aversive consequences
Dufour, Barbara. "Contribution à l'évaluation du fonctionnement des réseaux de surveillance épidémiologique des maladies infectieuses animales." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120079.
Full textDegeorges, Anne. "Investissement male et femelle à différentes étapes du cycle de reproductino et succès reproducteur chez la mouette tridactyle (Rissa tridactyla)." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066698.
Full textSueur, Cédric. "Étude comparative de l’influence des relations sociales sur l’organisation des déplacements collectifs chez deux espèces de macaques (Macaca tonkeana, M. Mulatta)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/SUEUR_Cedric_2008.pdf.
Full textLiving in groups involves group cohesion and synchronization. In this context, animals with different needs have to decide collectively about the time and the direction to move. In Primates, studies mainly focused on intentional behaviours such as recruitment, while in large groups they showed the existence of auto-organised processes. Few studies however have been carried out to prove the existence of these self-organised processes in highly structured groups as primates’ ones. In the same way, studies showed how social relationships of group members constrained behaviours like aggressive, conciliatory or grooming ones but we don’t know how these social relationships influenced the kind of consensus in a species. In order to test these hypotheses, I studied two macaque species with contrasted social style, the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) having a strict hierarchy and a high nepotism and the Tonkean macaque (M. Tonkeana) known to be tolerant. Results of this thesis showed the existence of both auto-organised processes and more complex ones in these stable small groups with individuals demonstrating relatively complex cognitive abilities. Results also proved the influence of the social style of a species, in term of dominance and kinship, on the consensus. Tonkean macaques displayed an equally shared consensus and group members are organised according to affiliation during a collective movement. Conversely, rhesus macaques displayed a partially shared consensus in favour of high-ranking individuals and the organisation of individuals was biased in favour of kinship
Leonhardt, Marion. "Conséquences neuroendocriennes et métaboliques d'une sous-nutrition maternelle périnatale chez le rat." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/21b2f981-03b3-4580-bee6-9c6342089656.
Full textToutain, Pierre-Louis. "Pharmacocinétique et action sur la glande surrénale des corticostéroi͏̈des chez les animaux." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT017A.
Full textToutain, Pierre-Louis. "Pharmacocinétique et action sur la glande surrénale des corticostéroïdes chez les animaux." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376016159.
Full textRousselet-Russo, Estelle. "Réponses cellulaires vis-à vis de l’exposition au cadmium chez les animaux." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10196.
Full textMost consequences of cadmium exposure arise from the interaction with a range of bio-molecules and by interference with homeostasis of other metals. Zinc is the biologically metal that most closely resembles Cd. A High Resistant Zinc (HZR) cellline derived from HeLa cells was found to be resistant to Cd toxicity. The induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress decreases resistance of HZR cells to Cd exposure. Also tyrosine catabolism, may be as a way of producing melanin, is involved in adaptation to high zinc concentrations, as witnessed by proteomic analysis. The Cd resistance of HZR cells is due to the limitation of intracellular cadmium. The over-expression of major efflux pumps was not responsible for expelling Cd from HZR cells. Instead, Cd uptake was limited by a not already known Cd transporters characterized in other cell types. A genome-wide analysis of the HZR transcripts underlines a series of signalisation pathways in which the number of cellular components that are sensitive is too large to identify individual molecules directly responsible for handling zinc or Cd. Ln mammals, Cd intoxication could lead to anemia. At the cellular level, iron homeostasis is regulated at the translational level by the IRE (Iron Responsive Element)! IRP (Iron Regulatory Proteins) system. Mice, orally treated with Cd, show neither anemia nor changes in tissue IRP activities, although significant accumulation of Cd in these organs. Ln HeLa cells Cd decreases the IRPI stability, contrary to the HZR cells. The cellular responses to Cd depend on the cellular conditions, most probably by the interplay among the signalling cascades evidenced in the HZR transcriptomic studies
Ducoing, Diaz Ana Maria. "Transmission et dissimulation d'information chez le macaque de Tonkean (Macaca Tonkeana)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13130.
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