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Journal articles on the topic 'Glycoconjugates – Analysis'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Pawar, Nitin J., Ulf Diederichsen, and Dilip D. Dhavale. "Multivalent presentation of carbohydrates by 314-helical peptide templates: synthesis, conformational analysis using CD spectroscopy and saccharide recognition." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, no. 46 (2015): 11278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ob01673h.

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2

Lee, Y. C. "Analysis of Glycoconjugates." Analytical Biochemistry 283, no. 1 (July 2000): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.2000.4642.

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3

Raju, T. Shantha. "Analysis of Glycoconjugates." Analytical Biochemistry 283, no. 2 (August 2000): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.2000.4646.

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4

Leducq, R., and C. Gabrion. "Developmental changes of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes revealed by tegumental ultrastructure and lectin-binding sites." Parasitology 104, no. 1 (February 1992): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200006087x.

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SUMMARYUltrastructural investigations (SEM, TEM) combined with lectin-binding analysis, have revealed concurrent modifications in tegumentary structure and surface glycoconjugates during the establishment and differentiation of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes in jirds. The laminated layer, which is amorphous and rich in polysaccharides when initially secreted by the young cyst, takes on a different appearance and has a different glycoconjugate composition according to whether the cyst becomes fertile or sterile. The laminated layer of fertile cysts transforms into a microfibrillar matrix, the protein content of which may increase while sugar content decreases during protoscolex differentiation. Independently of this structure, brood capsules, from which arise protoscoleces, are formed by invagination of the cyst tegument. The intense secretion of glycoconjugates from the brood capsule wall during invagination may serve to interact with host factors passing through the laminated layer. The combined use of ultrastructural study and lectin labelling has allowed the demonstration of an ultrastructural and biochemical gradient of differentiation of the protoscolex. Seven stages of differentiation have been described. The possibility that the excreted–secreted tegumentary glycoconjugates, revealed by lectin labelling during protoscolex differentiation, might be the gradual biochemical expression of one or several stimuli implicated in the phenomenon of protoscolex maturation, is discussed.

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5

Baraniuk, J. N., P. B. Silver, J. D. Lundgren, P. Cole, M. A. Kaliner, and P. J. Barnes. "Bombesin stimulates human nasal mucous and serous cell secretion in vivo." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 262, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): L48—L52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1992.262.1.l48.

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Bombesin, gastrin-related peptide (GRP), and related peptides sharing the common carboxyterminal sequence stimulate lactoferrin (serous cell marker) and glycoconjugate (mucous cell and goblet cell marker) release from human nasal mucosal explants in vitro. In vivo, GRP released from trigeminal sensory nerves may act upon GRP-bombesin binding sites on respiratory epithelial cells and submucosal glands. To determine whether GRP-bombesin can stimulate nasal secretion in vivo, bombesin was administered to eight normal subjects by unilateral, topical administration. Secretions from both nostrils were collected for measurement of total protein, lysozyme, hexose-containing glycoconjugates, and albumin (marker of vascular permeability). Baseline secretions contained 72.0 +/- 17.3 micrograms/ml of total protein, 14 +/- 2 micrograms/ml of lysozyme, 113 +/- 44 micrograms/ml of hexose-containing glycoconjugates, and 7.8 +/- 3.4 micrograms/ml of albumin. Hexose-containing glycoconjugate secretion was significantly increased after 1 nmol (385 +/- 63 micrograms/ml, P less than 0.001 by analysis of variance), 10, 100, and 1,000 nmol of bombesin, but the secretion was not dose dependent. Significant lysozyme (24 +/- 3 micrograms/ml, P less than 0.05) and total protein (155 +/- 23 micrograms/ml, P less than 0.01) secretion occurred after 1,000 nmol. No statistically significant changes in albumin secretion occurred at any dose. Saline had no significant effects on secretion. Therefore, bombesin stimulated secretion from submucosal glands and possibly epithelial cells in the human nose without affecting vascular permeability.

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6

Lakhtin, V., M. Lakhtin, A. Melikhova, I. Davydkin, V. Davydkin, and E. KIimova. "GLYCOCONJUGATES IN PROGNOSTIC ANALYSIS AGAINST INFECTIONS AND PATHOGENS: THE KEYS TO APPLICATION." ASJ 1, no. 56 (December 29, 2021): 04–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/asj.2707-9864.2021.1.56.142.

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The overview focuses on our own data on the use of water-soluble glycoconjugates (www.lectinity.com) based on a linear polyacrylamide chain in relation to recombinant therapeutic human protein hormones and probiotic recognition proteins such as enzymes and lectins. The results obtained characterize the basic principles of multilevel relationships between proteins and glycoconjugates, including the assembly of complexes and nanoparticles on the solid phase. Prospects for the application of these principles and cases of interaction of proteins and glycoconjugates, including taking into account the participation of enzymes, in the study of human proteins and viruses, are noted. The presented data can help in development of the protective network communication systems as well as new combined preparations against infections and pathogens. These data can serve the keys to be applied in medical biotechnology.

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7

Gewaily, Mahmoud S., Mohamed Kassab, Asmaa Aboelnour, Essam A. Almadaly, and Ahmed E. Noreldin. "Comparative Cellular Localization of Sugar Residues in Bull (Bos taurus) and Donkey (Equus asinus) Testes Using Lectin Histochemistry." Microscopy and Microanalysis 27, no. 6 (October 12, 2021): 1529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927621012939.

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Lectins are glycoproteins of a non-immune origin often used as histochemical reagents to study the distribution of glycoconjugates in different types of tissues. In this study, we performed a comparative cellular localization of sugar residues in bull and donkey testes using immunofluorescent lectin histochemistry. We inspected the cellular localization of the glycoconjugates within the testes using 11 biotin-labeled lectins (LCA, ConA, PNA, WGA, DBA, SBA, ECA, BPL, PTL-II, UEA-1, and PHA-E4) classified under six groups. Although the basic testicular structure in both species was similar, the cellular components showed different lectin localization patterns. The statistical analysis revealed no significant association between the intensity of labeling and different variables, including group and type of lectin and type of cell examined, at p < 0.05. However, a stronger response tended to occur in the donkey than in the bull testes (odds ratio: 1.3). These findings may be associated with the different cellular compositions of the glycoproteins and modification changes during spermatogenesis. Moreover, glycoconjugate profiling through lectin histochemistry can characterize some cell-type selective markers that will be helpful in studying bull and donkey spermatogenesis.

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8

Bazhenova, Aleksandra, Fang Gao, Barbara Bolgiano, and Stephen E. Harding. "Glycoconjugate vaccines against Salmonella enterica serovars and Shigella species: existing and emerging methods for their analysis." Biophysical Reviews 13, no. 2 (April 2021): 221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12551-021-00791-z.

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AbstractThe global spread of enteric disease, the increasingly limited options for antimicrobial treatment and the need for effective eradication programs have resulted in an increased demand for glycoconjugate enteric vaccines, made with carbohydrate-based membrane components of the pathogen, and their precise characterisation. A set of physico-chemical and immunological tests are employed for complete vaccine characterisation and to ensure their consistency, potency, safety and stability, following the relevant World Health Organization and Pharmacopoeia guidelines. Variable requirements for analytical methods are linked to conjugate structure, carrier protein nature and size and O-acetyl content of polysaccharide. We investigated a key stability-indicating method which measures the percent free saccharide of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi capsular polysaccharide, by detergent precipitation, depolymerisation and HPAEC-PAD quantitation. Together with modern computational approaches, a more precise design of glycoconjugates is possible, allowing for improvements in solubility, structural conformation and stability, and immunogenicity of antigens, which may be applicable to a broad spectrum of vaccines. More validation experiments are required to establish the most effective and suitable methods for glycoconjugate analysis to bring uniformity to the existing protocols, although the need for product-specific approaches will apply, especially for the more complex vaccines. An overview of current and emerging analytical approaches for the characterisation of vaccines against Salmonella Typhi and Shigella species is described in this paper. This study should aid the development and licensing of new glycoconjugate vaccines aimed at the prevention of enteric diseases.

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9

Güther, Maria Lucia Sampaio, Kenneth Beattie, Douglas J. Lamont, John James, Alan R. Prescott, and Michael A. J. Ferguson. "Fate of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-Less Procyclin and Characterization of Sialylated Non-GPI-Anchored Surface Coat Molecules of Procyclic-Form Trypanosoma brucei." Eukaryotic Cell 8, no. 9 (July 24, 2009): 1407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00178-09.

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ABSTRACT A Trypanosoma brucei TbGPI12 null mutant that is unable to express cell surface procyclins and free glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPI) revealed that these are not the only surface coat molecules of the procyclic life cycle stage. Here, we show that non-GPI-anchored procyclins are N-glycosylated, accumulate in the lysosome, and appear as proteolytic fragments in the medium. We also show, using lectin agglutination and galactose oxidase-NaB3H4 labeling, that the cell surface of the TbGPI12 null parasites contains glycoconjugates that terminate in sialic acid linked to galactose. Following desialylation, a high-apparent-molecular-weight glycoconjugate fraction was purified by ricin affinity chromatography and gel filtration and shown to contain mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and fucose. The latter has not been previously reported in T. brucei glycoproteins. A proteomic analysis of this fraction revealed a mixture of polytopic transmembrane proteins, including P-type ATPase and vacuolar proton-translocating pyrophosphatase. Immunolocalization studies showed that both could be labeled on the surfaces of wild-type and TbGPI12 null cells. Neither galactose oxidase-NaB3H4 labeling of the non-GPI-anchored surface glycoconjugates nor immunogold labeling of the P-type ATPase was affected by the presence of procyclins in the wild-type cells, suggesting that the procyclins do not, by themselves, form a macromolecular barrier.

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10

Maass, Kai, René Ranzinger, Hildegard Geyer, Claus-Wilhelm von der Lieth, and Rudolf Geyer. "“Glyco-peakfinder” - de novo composition analysis of glycoconjugates." PROTEOMICS 7, no. 24 (December 2007): 4435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200700253.

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11

Zippel, B., and T. R. Neu. "Characterization of Glycoconjugates of Extracellular Polymeric Substances in Tufa-Associated Biofilms by Using Fluorescence Lectin-Binding Analysis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 2 (November 19, 2010): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01660-10.

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ABSTRACTFreshwater tufa deposits are the result of calcification associated with biofilms dominated by cyanobacteria. Recent investigations highlighted the fact that the formation of microbial calcium carbonates is mainly dependent on the saturation index, which is determined by pH, the ion activity of Ca2+and CO32−, and the occurrence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microorganisms. EPS, which contain carboxyl and/or hydroxyl groups, can strongly bind cations. This may result in inhibition of CaCO3precipitation. In contrast, the formation of templates for crystal nucleation was reported by many previous investigations. The purposes of this study were (i) to characterize thein situdistribution of EPS glycoconjugates in tufa-associated biofilms of two German hard-water creeks by employing fluorescence lectin-binding analysis (FLBA), (ii) to verify the specific lectin-binding pattern by competitive-inhibition assays, and (iii) to assess whether carbonates are associated with structural EPS domains. Three majorin situEPS domains (cyanobacterial, network-like, and cloud-like structures) were detected by FLBA in combination with laser scanning microscopy (LSM). Based on lectin specificity, the EPS glycoconjugates produced by cyanobacteria contained mainly fucose, amino sugars (N-acetyl-glucosamine andN-acetyl-galactosamine), and sialic acid. Tufa deposits were irregularly covered by network-like EPS structures, which may originate from cyanobacterial EPS secretions. Cloud-like EPS glycoconjugates were dominated by sialic acid, amino sugars, and galactose. In some cases calcium carbonate crystals were associated with cyanobacterial EPS glycoconjugates. The detection of amino sugars and calcium carbonate in close association with decaying sheath material indicated that microbially mediated processes might be important for calcium carbonate precipitation in freshwater tufa systems.

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12

Grin, Mikhail A., Ivan S. Lonin, Leonid M. Likhosherstov, Olga S. Novikova, Anna D. Plyutinskaya, Ekaterina A. Plotnikova, Vadim V. Kachala, Raisa I. Yakubovskaya, and Andrey F. Mironov. ""Click chemistry" in the synthesis of the first glycoconjugates of bacteriochlorin series." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 16, no. 10 (October 2012): 1094–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424612500848.

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A regioselective synthesis of glycoconjugates based on bacteriochlorophyll a and lactose derivatives has been carried out. The conjugation was achieved via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of bacteriochlorins containing a terminal triple bond and a lactose azide derivative. The conjugates obtained in this way had one or two disaccharide fragments attached to pyrrol A, the exocyclic imide ring of the tetrapyrrolyc macrocycle, or to both positions. Exhaustive NMR analysis by 1D and 2D NMR experiments ( 1H-1H COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, 1H-13C HSQC, HMBC, and 1H-15N HMBC) allowed us to determine the structures and configurations of the glycoconjugates obtained. A bioassay of the glycoconjugates using the Hep2 cell line showed that the highest efficiency was observed for the glycosylated bacteriopurpurinimide containing a lactose residue at pyrrole ring A.

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13

Taniguchi, Tohru, and Kenji Monde. "Chiroptical Analysis of Glycoconjugates by Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD)." Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology 19, no. 107 (2007): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4052/tigg.19.147.

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14

Chopra, Ravi K., Tassos P. Anastassiades, David Lohnes, and Glenville Jones. "Further purification and characterization of newly synthesized anionic glycoconjugates secreted by cultured UMR-106 cells: evidence that the major anionic glycoconjugate secreted by these cells is similar to bone sialoprotein II." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 69, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o91-077.

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Following incubation of UMR-106 cells for 48 h in the presence of [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulfate, the newly synthesized anionic glycoconjugates were isolated from the culture medium by cetylpyridinium chloride/ethanol precipitation and further separated by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography into two radiolabelled fractions, a major component, UM I, and a minor component, UM II. UM I appeared to be homogeneous as shown by Sepharose CL-4B chromatography under dissociative conditions, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It showed a molecular mass of approximately 93 kDa on 4–15% gels. UM I was partially degraded by brief treatment with trypsin, releasing a small, terminal peptide that contained 47.6% of 35S but no 3H. Treatment of UM I with neuraminidase and 0.1 N H2SO4 (1 h at 80 °C), respectively, released 27% 3H and 38.4% 3H plus 41% 35S, suggesting the presence of a significant number of sialic acid residues, as shown by Sephadex G-50 chromatography of the digests. Amino acid analysis showed that the UM I glycoconjugate was rich in acidic amino acids (12.6% aspartic acid and 21.2% glutamic acid residues) and its N-terminal sequence was Phe-Ser-Met-Lys-Asn-Phe-, which is identical to the published N-terminal amino acid sequence of rat bone sialoprotein II. Keratanase treatment of UM I released 26% of the incorporated radioactivity, suggesting the presence of keratan sulfate chains. UM II contained a chondroitinase ABC-sensitive proteoglycan.Key words: UMR-106 cells, anionic glycoconjugates, bone sialoprotein II.

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15

Stonik, Valentin, and Inna Stonik. "Sterol and Sphingoid Glycoconjugates from Microalgae." Marine Drugs 16, no. 12 (December 17, 2018): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16120514.

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Microalgae are well known as primary producers in the hydrosphere. As sources of natural products, microalgae are attracting major attention due to the potential of their practical applications as valuable food constituents, raw material for biofuels, drug candidates, and components of drug delivery systems. This paper presents a short review of a low-molecular-weight steroid and sphingolipid glycoconjugates, with an analysis of the literature on their structures, functions, and bioactivities. The discussed data on sterols and the corresponding glycoconjugates not only demonstrate their structural diversity and properties, but also allow for a better understanding of steroid biogenesis in some echinoderms, mollusks, and other invertebrates which receive these substances from food and possibly from their microalgal symbionts. In another part of this review, the structures and biological functions of sphingolipid glycoconjugates are discussed. Their role in limiting microalgal blooms as a result of viral infections is emphasized.

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16

Crandall, James E., Linda C. Hassinger, and Gerald A. Schwarting. "Ultrastructural analysis of unique glycoconjugates in the rat olfactory system." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 890–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100124859.

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Cell surface glycoconjugates are considered to play important roles in cell-cell interactions in the developing central nervous system. We have previously described a group of monoclonal antibodies that recognize defined carbohydrate epitopes and reveal unique temporal and spatial patterns of immunoreactivity in the developing main and accessory olfactory systems in rats. Antibody CC2 reacts with complex α-galactosyl and α-fucosyl glycoproteins and glycolipids. Antibody CC1 reacts with terminal N-acetyl galactosamine residues of globoside-like glycolipids. Antibody 1B2 reacts with β-galactosyl glycolipids and glycoproteins. Our light microscopic data suggest that these antigens may be located on the surfaces of axons of the vomeronasal and olfactory nerves as well as on some of their target neurons in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs.

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17

Manoharan, S., M. Padmanabhan, K. Kolanjiappan, C. R. Ramachandran, and K. Suresh. "Analysis of glycoconjugates in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma." Clinica Chimica Acta 339, no. 1-2 (January 2004): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cccn.2003.09.006.

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18

Hanai, T., N. Usuda, T. Morita, and T. Nagata. "Light microscopic lectin histochemistry in aging mouse kidney: study of compositional changes in glycoconjugates." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 42, no. 7 (July 1994): 897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/42.7.8014473.

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We report compositional changes in glycoconjugates in mouse kidney cortex due to aging, as analyzed by lectin histochemistry and Western blot analysis. Mouse kidney tissues of prenatal and postnatal ages (prenatal, 19 days of gestation; postnatal 2 and 8 days, 4 and 13 weeks, and 10 months) were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and cryosections were made. They were stained with 16 kinds of biotinylated lectin, followed by ABC, for light microscopy. Tissue homogenate was also examined by Western blotting for WGA, ConA, and Lotus. Changes in glycoconjugates due to prenatal and postnatal aging were detected by both lectin histochemistry and Western blotting.

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19

Maeno, M., M. Taguchi, K. Kosuge, K. Otsuka, and M. Takagi. "Nature and distribution of mineral-binding, keratan sulfate-containing glycoconjugates in rat and rabbit bone." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 40, no. 11 (November 1992): 1779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/40.11.1431063.

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The presence of keratan sulfate (KS) and KS proteoglycans in bone has been demonstrated in birds and rabbits but comparison with other animal species has not been investigated. The nature and distribution of mineral-binding, KS-containing glycoconjugates in rat and rabbit bone were investigated with a monoclonal antibody (MAb 5D4) specific for KS. Mineral-binding proteins were extracted from the mineralized bone with 0.4 M EDTA without guanidine-HCl (E-extract). On Western blot analysis of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, rat E-extract gave a weak 5D4-reactive band, M(r) 66,000-68,000, whereas rabbit E-extract produced two major reactive populations of small and large molecular size; one population consisted of two closely spaced bands at M(r) 61,000-63,000 and 66,000-68,000, and the other population consisted of one band at approximately M(r) 200,000. The identity of KS chains was further established by the sensitivity of these bands to keratanase II (Bacillus sp. Ks 36) and endo-beta-galactosidase. Immunocytochemistry with MAb 5D4 showed that, in rat bone, staining associated with the mineral phase was limited to the walls of osteocytic lacunae and bone canaliculi, whereas the remainder of the mineralized matrix lacked staining. In contrast, in rabbit bone the staining was distributed over the entire portion of the mineralized matrix with focal accumulation of staining in the wall of the lacunocanalicular system. These results indicate that rat bone contains a mineral-binding, KS-containing glycoconjugate with preferential localization in the wall of the lacunocanalicular system, whereas rabbit bone contains at least two or possibly three types of KS-containing glycoconjugates distributed over the entire portion of the mineralized matrix.

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20

Viale, G., G. Flamini, F. Grassi, R. Buffa, P. G. Natali, M. Pelagi, F. Leoni, S. Ménard, and A. G. Siccardi. "Idiotypic replica of an anti-human tumor-associated antigen monoclonal antibody. Analysis of monoclonal Ab1 and Ab3 fine specificity." Journal of Immunology 143, no. 12 (December 15, 1989): 4338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.143.12.4338.

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Abstract CaMBr1 is a tissue-specific and tumor-associated saccharidic epitope, defined by mAb MBr1 (Ab1), expressed on glycoconjugates of the human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and of normal and neoplastic mammary epithelial cells. An anti-anti-idiotypic monoclonal Ab3, 2G-3, identifying a human breast tumor associated antigen, was raised by using as immunogen a mouse anti-idiotypic monoclonal Ab2, A3B10, which behaves as the internal image of CaMBr1. mAb 2G-3, as well as MBr1, defines a saccharidic epitope on glycoconjugates extracted from MCF-7 cells and shows MBr1-like reactivity on normal and neoplastic-tissues. Experimental evidence, however, suggests that the fine immunoreactivity of the two antibodies is not identical, because MBr1 has a preferential reactivity with glycolipids and 2G-3 with glycoproteins. We suggest that a possible biologic explanation for our findings could reside in the nature of the immunogens used to raise the two mAb (glycolipid vs protein "internal image").

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21

GUTSCHE, Birgit, Christoph GRUN, Dieter SCHEUTZOW, and Markus HERDERICH. "Tryptophan glycoconjugates in food and human urine*." Biochemical Journal 343, no. 1 (September 24, 1999): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3430011.

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Evaluating the formation of tryptophan glycoconjugates other than well-established Amadori rearrangement products, HPLC-tandem MS (MS/MS) analysis of human urine collected from several healthy individuals proved the presence of one distinct tryptophan C-glycosyl compound [Horiuchi, Yonekawa, Iwahara, Kanno, Kurihara and Fujise (1994) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 115, 362-366]. After isolation, unambiguous identification of this novel tryptophan metabolite as 2-(α-mannopyranosyl)-L-tryptophan was achieved by tandem MS combined with NMR spectroscopy including homonuclear COSY, heteronuclear multiple-bond connectivity and 1H-detected heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence experiments. Remarkably, a thorough evaluation of vicinal proton-proton coupling constants in different solvents and nuclear Overhauser effect experiments demonstrate the predominant axial orientation of the hydroxymethyl group of the hexopyranosyl residue. Likewise this spatial arrangement indicates that the respective α-anomeric C-mannosylhexopyranose is preferentially adopting a 1C4 conformation in acidic methanol. Whereas only one distinct tryptophan mannoconjugate could be observed in human urine, HPLC-MS/MS analysis of food samples for the first time led to the identification of numerous N1-(β-D-hexopyranosyl)-L-tryptophan, 2-(β-D-hexopyranosyl)-L-tryptophan and 1-(1,2,3,4,5-p e n t a h y d r o x y p e n t - 1 - yl) - 1, 2, 3, 4 - t e t r a h y d r o - β - c a r b o l i n e - 3 -carboxylic acid derivatives derived from the condensation of tryptophan with aldohexoses. Taking into consideration the significant differences between profiles and configurations of tryptophan glycoconjugates originating from dietary sources and human urine, C-2 mannosylation of tryptophan residues [de Beer, Vliegenthart, Loeffler and Hofsteenge (1995) Biochemistry 34, 11785-11789] represents a novel enzymic pathway in tryptophan metabolism in humans.

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22

Hayes, A. J., J. G. Lawrenson, and G. Allt. "Lectin analysis of endothelial glycoconjugates in the retina of the rat." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 17, no. 2 (March 1997): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1475-1313.1997.97807570.x.

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23

HAYES, A. "Lectin analysis of endothelial glycoconjugates in the retina of the rat." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 17, no. 2 (March 1997): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0275-5408(97)80759-4.

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24

Sugiyama, Setsuo, Samuel S. Spicer, Paul D. Munyer, and Bradley A. Schulte. "Ultrastructural localization and semiquantitative analysis of glycoconjugates in the tectorial membrane." Hearing Research 58, no. 1 (February 1992): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(92)90006-9.

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25

Mechref, Yehia. "Analysis of glycans derived from glycoconjugates by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry." ELECTROPHORESIS 32, no. 24 (December 2011): 3467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.201100342.

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26

Grymel, Mirosława, Gabriela Pastuch-Gawołek, Anna Lalik, Mateusz Zawojak, Seweryn Boczek, Monika Krawczyk, and Karol Erfurt. "Glycoconjugation of Betulin Derivatives Using Copper-Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Azido-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction and a Preliminary Assay of Cytotoxicity of the Obtained Compounds." Molecules 25, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 6019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25246019.

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Pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenoids, such as betulin and its synthetic derivatives, display a broad spectrum of biological activity. However, one of the major drawbacks of these compounds as potential therapeutic agents is their high hydrophobicity and low bioavailability. On the other hand, the presence of easily transformable functional groups in the parent structure makes betulin have a high synthetic potential and the ability to form different derivatives. In this context, research on the synthesis of new betulin derivatives as conjugates of naturally occurring triterpenoid with a monosaccharide via a linker containing a heteroaromatic 1,2,3-triazole ring was presented. It has been shown that copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) provides an easy and effective way to synthesize new molecular hybrids based on natural products. The chemical structures of the obtained betulin glycoconjugates were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. Cytotoxicity of the obtained compounds was evaluated on a human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT 116). The obtained results show that despite the fact that the obtained betulin glycoconjugates do not show interesting antitumor activity, the idea of adding a sugar unit to the betulin backbone may, after some modifications, turn out to be correct and allow for the targeted transport of betulin glycoconjugates into the tumor cells.

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27

Segurel, Marie A., Raymond L. Baumes, Dominique Langlois, Christine Riou, and Alain Razungles. "Role of Glycosidic Aroma Precursors on the odorant profiles of Grenache noir and Syrah Wines from the Rhone valley. Part 2: characterisation of derived compounds." OENO One 43, no. 4 (December 31, 2009): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2009.43.4.794.

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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: Grenache noir and Syrah are the predominant grape varieties in the French Rhone valley vineyard. This study aimed at identifying the odorants generated from glycoconjugates extracted from wines made with Grenache noir and Syrah.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Synthetic model wines enriched with glycoconjugates, treated or not with enzymes, were stored at 45 °C for 3 weeks, or at 13 °C for 18 months. Aromas generated were extracted and analyzed by GC-Olfactometry (only samples from accelerated aging) and were further quantitatively determined by GC-MS. Analysis of the extracts allowed to identify 49 odorants, including 27 that could be aglycons, or related compounds, of glycoconjugates from the grapes. In addition, the active compounds were quantified in similar experiments led in conditions of natural aging for 18 months.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The two varieties, Grenache noir and Syrah, were distinguishable by 14 odorant zones. Multivariate analyses (PCA) performed with the amounts of aroma compounds formed during both model and natural aging confirmed the effect of the glycosidase treatment on the acceleration of the aroma compounds formation and on the increase of the varietal differences of the wines.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of study</strong>: GC-Olfactometry coupled with GCMS were good techniques to indentify and apreciate the odorants generated from glycoconjugates in the wines of Syrah and Grenache Noir, but in the context of a blend of odors, these techniques showed their limits and did not permit to determine the real impact of a molecule in the global aroma of the wine perceived by the taster. Other methods as additive techniques should be used to complete this study.</p>

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Sweeley, C. C., and H. A. Nunez. "Structural Analysis of Glycoconjugates by Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy." Annual Review of Biochemistry 54, no. 1 (June 1985): 765–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.004001.

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Sarras, Michael P., and Jacquelyn K. Huff. "Analysis of cell surface glycoconjugates in fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis." Clinica Chimica Acta 172, no. 2-3 (March 1988): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(88)90337-3.

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Hardy, Mark R., R. Reid Townsend, and Yuan C. Lee. "Monosaccharide analysis of glycoconjugates by anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection." Analytical Biochemistry 170, no. 1 (April 1988): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(88)90089-9.

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Abdalla, Ali B., and Ali B. Abdalla. "Histochemical Analysis of Glycoconjugates in the Lacrimal Gland of the Camel ( Camelusdromedarius )." مجلة العلوم الزراعية و البيطرية 8, no. 2 (2015): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0030714.

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Hart, CE, and JG Wood. "Analysis of the carbohydrate composition of axonally transported glycoconjugates in sciatic nerve." Journal of Neuroscience 6, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 1365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.06-05-01365.1986.

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Ishikawa, Makoto, Akira Tonosaki, Osamu Hisatomi, Fumio Tokunaga, Takeshi Koseki, and Shozo Sakuragi. "Lectin cytochemical analysis of glycoconjugates in photoreceptor cell membranes of Lampetra japonica." Vision Research 36, no. 11 (June 1996): 1513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(95)00256-1.

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Sugiyama, Setsuo, Samuel S. Spicer, Paul D. Munyer, and Bradley A. Schulte. "Histochemical analysis of glycoconjugates in gelatinous membranes of the gerbil's inner ear." Hearing Research 55, no. 2 (October 1991): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(91)90111-l.

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Hounsell, Elizabeth F. "1H NMR in the structural and conformational analysis of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates." Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 27, no. 5-6 (November 1995): 445–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-6565(95)01012-2.

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Zhang, Ruiyong, Thomas R. Neu, Yutong Zhang, Sören Bellenberg, Ute Kuhlicke, Qian Li, Wolfgang Sand, and Mario Vera. "Visualization and analysis of EPS glycoconjugates of the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus metallicus." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 99, no. 17 (July 14, 2015): 7343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6775-y.

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Bassett, Kenneth E., and Brian S. Spooner. "An autoradiographic analysis of N-linked glycoconjugates in embryonic salivary gland morphogenesis." Journal of Experimental Zoology 242, no. 3 (June 1987): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402420310.

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38

Smorodin, E. P., and B. L. Sergeyev. "THE LEVEL OF IgG ANTIBODIES REACTIVE TO TF, Tn AND ALPHAGal POLYACRYLAMIDE-GLYCOCONJUGATES IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: RELATION TO SURVIVAL." Experimental Oncology 38, no. 2 (June 22, 2016): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31768/2312-8852.2016.38(2):117-121.

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Background: The serum levels of IgG antibodies reactive to glycoconjugates (TF, Tn and αGal) were found to be associated with prognosis of gastrointestinal cancer patients. Aim: To study the relation between the levels of serum antibodies to TF-pAA, Tn-PAA and αGal-PAA polyacrylamide-based glycoconjugates and survival in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The preoperative level of IgG antibodies was analysed in the serum of patients (n = 59) using ELISA with polyacrylamide-glycoconjugates namely, TF-pAA (amide-type), and ethanolamide-conjugates Tn-PAA and αGal-PAA. Survival rate and hazard ratio (HR) were assessed by the Kaplan — Meier method and Cox univariate analysis in different pathomorphological groups. Results: Significantly better survival was observed in patients with an increased level of anti-TF-pAA antibodies both for all patients in total and groups in stages II–III; N1–2 and G3 (p = 0.008–0.021, HR = 0.18–0.23, mean survival time in months 164–186 vs 69–121). A trend to worse survival was observed in increased level of anti-Tn IgG (stages II–III) and anti-αGal IgG (G3): p = 0.075, HR = 2.49 and p = 0.066, HR = 3.27, respectively. Conclusion: The method for the determination of circulating anti-TF-pAA IgG may be a useful supplement in long-term prognostic assessment of patients with breast cancer.

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Lakhtin, V., M. Lakhtin, A. Melikhova, I. Davydkin, V. Davydkin, and E. Klimova. "POSTBIOTICS AS FACTORS AGAINST DISEASES ALONG METABOLIC AXES." ASJ 1, no. 57 (January 31, 2022): 04–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/asj.2707-9864.2021.1.57.158.

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The review represents an analysis of recent year publications in connection with preventive and therapeutic use of postbiotics (PB). Postbiotics are widely used as immunomodulators, anti-inflammatory agents, protectors and the normalizers of metabolism of the open cavity mucosal biotopes, liver, brain and other organs, tissues and innate immunity cell populations that co-function to intestinal microbial metabolites as a network (cofunction within a number of metabolic axes “intestine-other locations”). They act in combination with other effectors as auxiliary agents prolonging the effect of drugs and supporting them. Prophylactic and therapeutic uses of PB are directed against groups of intestinal infection diseases, hepatitis, tumors, neurodegenerative brain disorders, other metabolic disorders and pathologies. New aspects of research of PB include the study and application of recognizing and binding therapeutic PB according to and in connection with a network of “Probiotic lectins—Glycoconjugates” interactions. The data indicate the prospects of a search and application of the new groups and combinations of PB directed at glycoconjugate exposed targets in accompanying and supportive therapy. Probiotic bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, baker’s yeast and probiotic lectins are perspective resources of synergistic sets of metabolite-cellular PB against diseases, pathologies and groups of infections.

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MOODY, S., S. BECKER, Y. NUCHAMOWITZ, and D. MIRELMAN. "Virulent and avirulent Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar differ in their cell surface phosphorylated glycolipids." Parasitology 114, no. 2 (February 1997): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182096008396.

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Virulent strains of Entamoeba histolytica have been reported to produce a mixture of phosphoglycoconjugates that share some structural features with the lipophosphoglycans (LPGs) of Leishmania. Purification of these glycoconjugates is essential to their precise structural characterization. In this study we have extracted ‘LPG-like’ molecules from various virulent E. histolytica strains and purified on the basis of charge differences, 2 apparently related glycoconjugates a ‘LPG’ and a ‘lipophosphopeptidoglycan (LPPG)’. In marked contrast to the abundance of these ‘LPG’ and ‘LPPG’ molecules in the virulent strains, avirulent E. histolytica and E. dispar strains produce either very low, or no detectable levels of LPG, and either low levels or modified forms of ‘LPPG’. Monospecific polyclonal antibodies prepared against that ‘LPG’ of the virulent strain HM-1: IMSS cl6 identified epitopes shared between both the ‘LPG’ and the ‘LPPG’ of this and other virulent strains, using Western blot analysis. Flow cytometric analysis of a range of strains using these antibodies identified a surface distribution of these molecules and confirmed a correlation between surface exposure of epitopes bound by these antibodies and parasite virulence.

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Altman, Eleonora, Blair A. Harrison, Tomoko Hirama, Vandana Chandan, Rebecca To, and Roger MacKenzie. "Characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies againstHelicobacter pylorilipopolysaccharide specific for Lexand Leyblood group determinants." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 83, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o05-052.

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The cell envelope of Helicobacter pylori contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the O-chain of which expresses type 2 Lexand Leyblood group antigens, which mimic human gastric mucosal cell-surface glycoconjugates and may contribute to the survival of H. pylori in gastric mucosa. Here we describe the generation of monoclonal antibodies specific for Lexand Leyblood group determinants and the characterization of their binding properties using purified, structurally defined H. pylori LPS, synthetic glycoconjugates, and H. pylori cells. Analysis of oligosaccharide binding by SPR provided a rapid and reliable means for characterization of antibody affinities. One of the antibodies, anti-Lex, was of IgG3 subclass and had superior binding characteristics as compared with the commercially available anti-LexIgM. These antibodies could have potential in the immunodiagnosis of certain types of cancer, in serotyping of H. pylori isolates, and in structure–function studies.Key words: Helicobacter pylori, lipopolysaccharide, monoclonal antibodies, Lewis determinants, immunodiagnosis.

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Carlin, N. I., M. A. Gidney, A. A. Lindberg, and D. R. Bundle. "Characterization of Shigella flexneri-specific murine monoclonal antibodies by chemically defined glycoconjugates." Journal of Immunology 137, no. 7 (October 1, 1986): 2361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.137.7.2361.

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Abstract Chemically defined glycoconjugates are demonstrated to have considerable potential for selecting hybridoma antibodies directed toward O-antigenic determinants, especially when used in combination with a panel of well-characterized LPS molecules. Monoclonal antibodies specific for the Shigella flexneri O-antigens of serogroup 5b, variants X and Y, were generated after immunization of BALB/c mice with killed bacterial cells, and active hybrids were selected on the basis of ELISA performed with the purified serotype-specific LPS antigen. Subsequent screening with a variety of glycoconjugates, derived from synthetic oligosaccharides and larger structures obtained by phage Sf6/endo-rhamnosidase hydrolysis of purified LPS established a detailed profile of binding characteristics for Shigella flexneri variant Y-specific antibodies. Together with the results of precipitin analysis and heavy chain isotyping experiments, a limited number of antibodies were selected as candidates for detailed studies of the antibody combining site.

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Humpierre, Ana R., Abel Zanuy, Mirelys Saenz, Aldrin V. Vasco, Yanira Méndez, Bernhard Westermann, Félix Cardoso, et al. "Quantitative NMR for the structural analysis of novel bivalent glycoconjugates as vaccine candidates." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 214 (May 2022): 114721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114721.

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Geyer, Hildegard, Sigrid Schmitt, Manfred Wuhrer, and Rudolf Geyer. "Structural Analysis of Glycoconjugates by On-Target Enzymatic Digestion and MALDI-TOF-MS." Analytical Chemistry 71, no. 2 (January 1999): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac980712w.

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Al-Banaw, A., R. Kenngott, J. M. Al-Hassan, N. Mehana, and F. Sinowatz. "Histochemical Analysis of Glycoconjugates in the Skin of a Catfish (Arius Tenuispinis, Day)." Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 39, no. 1 (February 2010): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2009.00977.x.

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Peter-Katalinic, Jasna. "Analysis of glycoconjugates by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and related ms techniques." Mass Spectrometry Reviews 13, no. 1 (January 1994): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mas.1280130106.

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Ibrahim, Dalia, and Nobuaki Nakamuta. "Comparative histochemical analysis of glycoconjugates in the nasal vestibule of camel and sheep." Microscopy Research and Technique 81, no. 6 (March 26, 2018): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23024.

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48

Bindila, Laura, Jasna Peter-Katalini?, and Alina Zamfir. "Sheathless reverse-polarity capillary electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry for analysis of underivatized glycoconjugates." ELECTROPHORESIS 26, no. 7-8 (April 2005): 1488–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.200410307.

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Roy, Jenny Susan, Nandini Manjunath, Kishore Bhat, Anjana Mary George, Fathimath Nishana, and Lia Mathew. "Estimation of salivary glycoconjugates and salivary ros levels in chronic periodontitis: a clinico-biochemical study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 8 (July 26, 2017): 3578. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173566.

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Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal tissue, characterized by persistent inflammation of the connective tissue and alveolar bone destruction. Patients with periodontal disease show the differences in the composition of saliva. Newer diagnostic tools based on analysis of body fluids such as saliva, GCF and serum are found to be useful for diagnosis as well as monitoring the disease activity. Thus, aim of the study was to estimate the concentration of salivary glycoconjugates (sialic acid, total protein) and salivary ROS in unstimulated whole saliva of subjects with chronic periodontitis and to compare the concentration with healthy/gingivitis subjects.Methods: The study sample consisted of 60 subjects (33 males and 27 females) with age ranging from 30-60 years. A detailed case history was taken from all the subjects and periodontal disease parameters (bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment levels) were recorded at baseline and subjects were divided into 2 groups. Group I- control group (healthy/gingivitis subjects) and Group II -test group (chronic periodontitis). Saliva samples were collected from the subjects and stored at -700 ºC. Periodate Resorcinol Assay was done to estimate the levels of sialic acid, Biuret test was done to assess the levels of total protein and d-ROMs test was done to assess the level of ROS. Statistical analysis was done using students unpaired ‘t’ test and Pearsons correlation test. Results: It was found that the levels of salivary glycoconjugates and ROS are increased in subjects with chronic periodontitis when compared to healthy/gingivitis subjects. Thus it can reflect the clinical status of gingival and periodontal tissues.Conclusions: Estimation of the levels of glycoconjugates and ROS may be used as one of the reliable biomarkers to assess the severity of periodontal disease and to monitor the disease progression.

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Mercati, Francesca, Cecilia Dall’Aglio, Gabriele Acuti, Valerio Faeti, Federico Maria Tardella, Carolina Pirino, Elena De Felice, and Paola Scocco. "Oregano Feed Supplementation Affects Glycoconjugates Production in Swine Gut." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010149.

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This study evaluated the effects of adding oregano aqueous extract (OAE) to the diet of pig slaughtered at finisher stage. Study was performed to identify glycoconjugates and evaluate the oxidative stress levels in the duodenum and colon intestinal tracts. Glycohistochemistry was performed by staining with Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5, AB-PAS, AB pH 1, AB pH 0.5, low iron diamine, and high iron diamine. Serial sections were pre-treated with sialidase V before staining with AB pH 2.5 (Sial-AB) preceded or not by saponification. To study oxidative stress, an immunohistochemical analysis was applied to investigate the presence of the oxidative stress target molecule Bcl-2 Associate X protein (BAX). Findings show that oregano aqueous extract supplementation improves the production of the secretion glycoconjugates involved in direct and indirect defense, thus enhancing the protection of the pig intestinal mucosa. Moreover, the reduced BAX protein immunostaining observed in both duodenum and colon of swine of the oregano-supplemented group respect to that observed in the control group suggests an enhanced antioxidant action by oregano adding. Findings could be useful for other studies aiming to reduce antibiotic use and prevent antimicrobial resistance.

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