Academic literature on the topic 'Glycerol - Monooleate'

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Journal articles on the topic "Glycerol - Monooleate"

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Ericsson, Emma M., Lars Faxälv, Anna Weissenrieder, Agneta Askendal, Tomas L. Lindahl, and Pentti Tengvall. "Glycerol monooleate–blood interactions." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 68, no. 1 (January 2009): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.09.016.

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Bora, Plaban, Lakhya Jyoti Konwar, and Dhanapati Deka. "Microemulsion based hybrid biofuels using glycerol monooleate." Energy Conversion and Management 117 (June 2016): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.03.026.

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Salentinig, S., Mahsa Zabara, P. Parisse, and H. Amenitsch. "Formation of highly ordered liquid crystalline coatings – an in situ GISAXS study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 34 (2018): 21903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp03205j.

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Kumar, Manoj, and Guruswamy Kumaraswamy. "Phase behaviour of the ternary system: monoolein–water–branched polyethylenimine." Soft Matter 11, no. 28 (2015): 5705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm01082a.

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Adilina, Indri Badria, Egi Agustian, Yenny Meliana, and Anny Sulaswatty. "SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ETHOXYLATED GLYCEROL MONOOLEATE AS PALM OIL BASED NONIONIC SURFACTANTS." Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia 17, no. 1 (June 10, 2015): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jkti.v17i1.22.

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Palm oil based nonionic surfactants were synthesized by reacting glycerol monooleate with ethylene oxide at 80 ºC in the prescence of an alkaline catalyst. Purification of the products was conducted by use of acetic acid and black carbon which gave ethoxylated products (EGMO) with a higher level of viscocity and greater solubility in water. Physical and chemical properties of the product such as surface activity, cloud point, acid value, ester value, hydroxyl value, and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance was also determined and results varied depending on the reagent molar ratio. The synthesized EGMO were soluble in water and therefore show potential use as surface active agents in personal care and cosmetic products.Keywords: nonionic surfactant, ethoxylation, glycerol monooleate, palm oil
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Innocenti Malini, R., M. Zabara, M. Gontsarik, K. Maniura-Weber, R. M. Rossi, F. Spano, and S. Salentinig. "Self-assembly of glycerol monooleate with the antimicrobial peptide LL-37: a molecular dynamics study." RSC Advances 10, no. 14 (2020): 8291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra10037g.

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Pitzalis, Paolo, Maura Monduzzi, Niels Krog, Helena Larsson, Helena Ljusberg-Wahren, and Tommy Nylander. "Characterization of the Liquid−Crystalline Phases in the Glycerol Monooleate/Diglycerol Monooleate/Water System." Langmuir 16, no. 15 (July 2000): 6358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la0002031.

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Meng, Linghui, Guoliang Shen, Shengnan Zhang, Chao Zhou, Yaojie Han, and Ruiyang Wen. "New Technology for the Synthesis of Glycerol Monooleate." Journal of Oleo Science 72, no. 5 (2023): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess22180.

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Eychenne, Valérie, Laurent Debrauwer, and Zéphirin Mouloungui. "O-etherification between glycerol and glycerol monooleate—demonstration of formation of diglycerol monooleate and triglycerol monooleate by fast atom bombardment-mass spectroscopy and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 3, no. 2 (April 2000): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-000-0122-3.

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Zhen, Guoliang, Tracey M. Hinton, Benjamin W. Muir, Shuning Shi, Mark Tizard, Keith M. McLean, Patrick G. Hartley, and Pathiraja Gunatillake. "Glycerol Monooleate-Based Nanocarriers for siRNA Delivery in Vitro." Molecular Pharmaceutics 9, no. 9 (August 10, 2012): 2450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/mp200662f.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Glycerol - Monooleate"

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Reeff, Jonathan. "Development and evaluation in vitro and in vivo of injectable hydrolipidic gels with sustained-release properties for the management of articular pathologies." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209288.

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Future changes in the incidence and prevalence of OA are difficult to predict. As incidence and prevalence rise with increasing age, extending life expectancy will result in greater numbers with OA. Actually, usual therapeutic approaches are really restricted because of important side effects with long-term use. Therefore, there is a need to develop improved formulations which are well tolerated, biocompatible and biodegradable. Ideally, these new treatments should be able to deliver locally sufficient amount of anti-inflammatory or analgesic drugs into the site of arthritic inflammation while stabilizing or better restoring the mechanical integrity of the joint. In this way, the objective of this project is to develop slow-release gels that are sterile, injectable, characterized by viscoelastic properties and capable to sustain the in situ release of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. The intraarticular delivery combined to sustained-release property should be interesting to reduce the number of injection required while prolonging the local drug activity over weeks. For that purpose, glycerol monooleate (GMO), also called “monolein” was selected for its capacity to form highly viscous crystalline phase structures upon contact with an aqueous fluid (e.g. synovial fluid).

In the first step of this work, it was decided to develop and characterize hydro-lipidic gels based on the use of monolein and hyaluronic acid in order to provide in vitro sustained release of hydrophilic drugs such as clonidine and lipophilic drugs such as betamethasone. Initially, a compatibility study was performed on the main ingredients selected in order to check that there were not physico-chemical incompatibilities, which could be deleterious regarding to their stability in formulation. Then, the development of hydro-lipidic gels was initiated by considering on the first hand the solubility of each ingredient and on the other hand the syringeability, the rheological properties and the in vitro dissolution profiles obtained for the developed formulations. The objective of this preformulation program was to identify potential candidates that presented suitable syringeability while being able to sustain the release of drugs over weeks and being characterized by interesting viscoelastic properties for the long-term management of osteoarthritis. Moreover, several methods of quantification and characterization were developed in order to allow the physico-chemical properties (rheology, syringeability, water uptake, stability and dissolution profiles) of the developed formulations to be studied.

Results of the compatibility study showed that the concomitant use of monolein, hyaluronic acid and clonidine/betamethasone is not contraindicated. Next, the preformulation program allowed many injectable drug delivery systems to be prepared. However, the carrier that best meets our needs was composed of 10,0 % (wt/wt) absolute ethanol ;15,0 % propylene glycol (wt/wt) ;15,0 % (wt/wt) water ;55,0 % (wt/wt) de monolein ;5,0 % (wt/wt) purified soybean oil ;0,03 % (wt/wt) α-tocophérol and 7,5 mg/g sodium hyaluronate (1.9 MDa). This carrier assured suitable syringeability and rheological properties. Indeed, it presented marked pseudoplastic flow behavior that allowed relatively fast injection through a narrow needle, followed by an increase in viscosity upon contact with aqueous fluids to obtain an in vitro sustained release of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs over a few weeks. As a consequence, it was assumed that this carrier should be able to jellify in situ upon contact with physiological fluid such as synovial fluid. Then, according to EMA recommendations, a fast and easy manufacturing process that could be applied in a cleanroom at industrial scale was validated in our Laboratory. Finally, according to these promising results obtained in vitro, a stability study was performed on the carrier alone and containing clonidine or betamethasone according to ICH recommendations described for products intended for storage in a refrigerator. In that purpose, several parameters such as the quantification of drugs, the pH, the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid, the dissolution profiles of drugs and the rheological properties of the formulations were recorded depending on time and conditions of storage. This stability study showed clearly the importance to adjust the pH value of the formulation. Indeed, it was demonstrated that a pH value of 6.5, adjusted with diluted NaOH, allowed the stability of the formulation to be significantly improved. During this first step of this project, our Laboratory initiated two new collaborations. On the first hand, collaboration with the Laboratory of Professor Siepmann (University of Lille 2 – Faculty of Pharmacy) was started for their expertise on mathematical modeling. On the other hand, collaboration with the Laboratory of Professor Jerôme (ULg – Faculty of sciences) was started for their expertise on macromolecular chemistry and more particularly on rheological properties.

In the second step of this work, it was decided to evaluate in vitro the safety and the efficiency of the developed carrier and formulations containing clonidine or betamethasone. In this way, it was suggested to test selected drugs and potential candidates formulations on equine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) by measuring the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by PMNs stimulated or not with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). For that purpose, our Laboratory initiated a new collaboration with the Laboratory of Professor Serteyn (ULg – Faculty of veterinary) for their expertise on equine PMNs and quantification of (ROS) produced in particular in inflammatory diseases.

This in vitro study has shown that no pro-inflammatory effect appeared by incubating carrier with unstimulated PMNs in comparison with the control assay. However, the production of ROS was quickly and considerably decreased when stimulated cells were placed in contact with carrier regardless on the incorporation of clonidine or betamethasone. This observation demonstrated that developed carrier provided a strong antioxidant effect, certainly by trapping the ROS produced. These results were very promising because that antioxidant effect of carrier could inhibit oxidative damages and might consequently potentiate the prevention of inflammatory conditions. Concerning the clonidine and betamethasone, only the last one provided significant inhibition of the ROS activity.

Finally, by considering the very promising results obtained with the in vitro study on PMNs, an in vivo study on rabbits, which seemed to be the most appropriate small animal model for this kind of intraarticular formulations, was performed to evaluate the toxicity and the efficiency of the developed carrier and formulation containing betamethasone. Therefore, our Laboratory started collaboration with the unit of research in osteo-articular pathologies (UROC) of Pr. Henrotin (ULg) for their expertise in animal models, in particular rabbits with osteoarticular pathologies such as osteoarthritis. For this purpose, this in vivo study was outsourced by TNO (Delft, Holland) and was designed as follow: (i) 0.9 % saline buffered (n=8); (ii) carrier (n=8); (iii) formulation containing betamethasone (n=8); (iv) Durolane® (n=8) a marketed product of HA. Surprisingly, it seemed that the control group (saline buffered) presented macroscopical and histological scores that were globally low according to literature. As a consequence, it was difficult to conclude about the efficiency of the developed treatments by considering only this pilot study. However, it is important to note that it seemed that the expected viscoelastic protection of the carrier to prevent the degradation of articular cartilage was not optimal regardless on the incorporation of betamethasone. Nevertheless, the histological analyses of synovial membranes from each treated groups demonstrated that there was no pro-inflammatory reaction. This meant that all formulations tested were well tolerated despite of the apparition of lumps (in 37.5 % of treated rabbits) that are probably due to both the high volume injected (900 µL) and an excessive and unexpected in situ water uptake of developed formulations based on GMO. However, this lack of rejection of the developed carrier could be very important since it allowed new perspectives to be considered. For example, other articular disorders could be targeted by incorporating drugs, for which in situ sustained release or mechanical protection could be beneficial.

Our laboratory is member of a collaborative project "JOINT-AIC" from BioWin and is supported by a grant from the Walloon Region. The development of analytical methods, the evaluation of physico-chemical properties and finally the preparation of sterile batches of formulations based on GMO intended for in vitro and in vivo studies were performed in the Laboratory of Galenic and Biopharmacy of the Faculty of Pharmacy of ULB./L’arthrose est une pathologie dont la prévalence et le coût ne font qu’augmenter dans notre société vieillissante. Les moyens thérapeutiques actuels étant fort limités suite à de sérieux effets secondaires à long terme, il existe réellement un besoin médical important de développer de nouveaux traitements locaux qui soient bien tolérés, biocompatibles et biodégradables. Idéalement, ceux-ci devraient être actifs au niveau du processus inflammatoire ou de la douleur tout en étant capable de stabiliser, voire de restaurer, l’intégrité mécanique de l’articulation.

Dans cette optique, l’objectif de ce projet a été de développer des systèmes hydrolipidiques stériles, injectables et viscoélastiques qui soient capables de prolonger in situ la libération de principes actifs hydrophiles et lipophiles. Cette caractéristique devait permettre de réduire le nombre d’injections nécessaires dans le cadre du traitement symptomatique de l’arthrose et de maintenir l’effet des composés sur un minimum de quatre à six semaines. Cette étude entre dans le cadre du projet JOINT-AIC entièrement financé par le programme BioWin de la Région Wallonne. Le développement, la validation des méthodes analytiques, l’évaluation des propriétés physico-chimiques ainsi que la préparation stérile des lots de formulation destinés aux tests in vitro et in vivo ont été réalisés au sein du Laboratoire de Galénique et Biopharmacie de la Faculté de Pharmacie de l’ULB.

Au cours de ce projet, il a donc fallu dans un premier temps développer et caractériser des formulations hydrolipidiques à base de monoléine et d’acide hyaluronique permettant une libération in vitro prolongée de principes actifs tels que la clonidine (hydrophile) et le dipropionate de bétaméthasone (lipophile). Une étude de compatibilité a ainsi été préalablement réalisée afin de s’assurer qu’aucun des constituants principaux de la formulation ne présentaient d’incompatibilité physico-chimique qui pourrait être délétère vis-à-vis de leur stabilité en formulation. Ensuite, le développement de préparations hydro-lipidiques a été initié en tenant compte, d’une part de la solubilité des différents composants et, d’autre part de l’injectabilité, des propriétés rhéologiques et des profils de libération de la clonidine obtenus à partir des gels développés. Cette étude visait à obtenir une composition de référence qui soit à la fois injectable et capable de libérer un principe actif hydrophile sur plusieurs jours, voire plusieurs semaines, tout en possédant des propriétés rhéologiques intéressantes dans le cadre d’une viscosupplémentation articulaire. Enfin, un protocole de fabrication en milieu aseptique a été développé et plusieurs méthodes pour étudier les propriétés physico-chimiques des gels développés telles que la rhéologie, l’injectabilité, l’indice de gonflement, la stabilité et les profils de libérations ont été mises en place.

Les résultats ont montré qu’aucune incompatibilité ne semblait exister entre les trois composés majeurs de notre préparation, la monoléine, l’acide hyaluronique et la clonidine. Le développement des formulations nous a ensuite permis d’obtenir de nouveaux systèmes hydrolipidiques stériles et injectables à délivrance prolongée. Le véhicule qui remplissait au mieux nos objectifs était composé de 10,0% (m/m) d’éthanol ;de 15,0% de propylène glycol (m/m) ;de 15,0% (m/m) d’eau ;de 55,0% (m/m) de monoléine ;5,0% (m/m) d’huile de soja purifiée ;0,03% (m/m) d’α-tocophérol, de 7,5 mg/g d’HA et son pH était ajusté à 6,5 avec du NaOH 1N. Ce véhicule a montré un intérêt réel dans le cadre du développement de préparations biodégradables et biocompatibles pour le traitement de pathologies articulaires.En effet, cette composition présentait un écoulement de type pseudoplastique et des propriétés rhéologiques qui lui procuraient une bonne injectabilité. De plus, cette formulation a démontré in vitro une excellente capacité à gélifier au contact de fluides aqueux et à ralentir efficacement sur plusieurs semaines la libération des différents principes actifs incorporés (clonidine et dipropionate de bétaméthasone). Nous pouvions, dès lors, envisager que celle-ci serait capable de gélifier in situ au contact d’un fluide physiologique tel que le liquide synovial. Ensuite, suivant les recommandations de l’EMA, nous avons décidé d’utiliser l’association d’une filtration stérilisante et d’une préparation en milieu aseptique pour obtenir des formulations qui répondaient aux exigences en matière de préparation parentérale. C’est ainsi qu’un protocole de fabrication stérile de nos gels a été développé par nos soins en vue d’une éventuelle mise à l’échelle industrielle. Enfin, une étude de stabilité sur une année, suivant les normes ICH décrites pour des formulations destinées à être conservées au frigo, a été réalisée sur différents véhicules développés et contenant soit la clonidine, soit le dipropionate de bétaméthasone. Dans cette optique, plusieurs paramètres, tels que le dosage en principe actif, l’évolution du pH et du poids moléculaire de HA, le profil de libération ainsi que la rhéologie des formulations ont été évalués au cours du temps aux différentes conditions de conservation testées. Cette étude a permis de démontrer toute l’importance d’ajuster le pH de la préparation pour prévenir l’hydrolyse de l’HA, et cela indépendamment de l’incorporation de principe actif. Ainsi, il a pu être montré que l’ajustement du pH du véhicule à 6,5 à partir de NaOH dilué permettait d’améliorer considérablement la stabilité de la formulation puisqu’aucune modification significative de ses différents paramètres physico-chimiques et teneurs n’a été observée après un an de conservation à 5 et à 25 °C (60% HR) mais également après six mois à 30 °C (65% HR). Au cours de cette première partie, deux collaborations ont été initiées, l’une avec le Laboratoire du Prof. Siepmann de l’Université de Lille 2 et l’autre avec le Prof. Jerôme de l’Université de Liège. Avec l’aide du Prof. Siepmann, il a été possible de mettre au point un modèle mathématique pour caractériser les profils de libération des principes actifs à partir des différents véhicules développés. Le Prof. Jerôme a, quant à elle, mis à notre disposition un rhéomètre qui a permis d’approfondir nos connaissances sur les propriétés rhéologiques et viscoélastiques des formulations.

Ensuite, la seconde partie de notre travail a consisté à évaluer la tolérance, ainsi que l’efficacité des principes actifs sélectionnés et des formulations développées, à travers un modèle in vitro de cellules de l’inflammation (neutrophiles équins). Cette étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer deux aspects importants de la formulation :d’une part vérifier l’absence de réaction pro-inflammatoire qui pourrait être in vivo destructrice vis-à-vis du véhicule ainsi que des tissus environnants, et d’autre part vérifier l’effet anti-inflammatoire propre à la clonidine et au dipropionate de bétaméthasone seuls et en formulation. Cette étude a été réalisée avec la collaboration du Laboratoire du Prof. Serteyn de l’Université de Liège.Cette étude in vitro a démontré que les cellules restaient viables au moins pendant quatre heures lorsqu’elles étaient exposées à la matrice épurée de ses solvants. Ensuite, de manière surprenante, il a même pu être démontré que le véhicule permettait à la fois de prévenir et de réduire significativement la production des espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ROS) par les neutrophiles équins lorsque ceux-ci étaient stimulés au phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Cette propriété peut être d’un grand intérêt dans le cadre de la prise en charge de l’arthrose car cette activité antioxydante pourrait permettre d’inhiber les dommages oxydatifs générés par les ROS et ainsi prévenir les dommages liés au développement du processus inflammatoire et qui peut, à long terme, s’avérer délétère pour les tissus environnants tels que le cartilage. Cette propriété du véhicule semble trouver son origine dans la monoléine qui, de par sa composition en alpha-tocophérol (200 ppm), présente également une activité antioxydante vis-à-vis des ROS. Toutefois, une action synergique liée à l’HA, à l’huile de soja ou à l’alpha-tocophérol incorporés aux formulations, n’est pas à exclure. Enfin, parmi les deux principes actifs sélectionnés, seul le dipropionate de bétaméthasone a montré une inhibition significative de la production des ROS.

Enfin, en tenant compte des résultats obtenus sur cellules, une étude in vivo pilote a été réalisée sur base d’un modèle de lapins. Cette étude visait à vérifier la tolérance ainsi que l’efficacité en prophylaxie de l’arthrose du véhicule développé ainsi que de la formulation contenant le dipropionate de bétaméthasone. Dans ce but, quatre groupes d’animaux (n=8) ont été constitués pour chacun des traitements testés :(i) groupe témoin :0,9 % tampon salin pH 7,4 ;(ii) véhicule à base de GMO développé; (iii) véhicule contenant du dipropionate de bétaméthasone ;(iv) groupe référence :Durolane®. Cette étude a été réalisée avec l’aide du Laboratoire du Prof. Henrotin de l’Université de Liège. L’hébergement des animaux ainsi que les actes chirurgicaux ont, quant à eux, été sous-traités par TNO (Delft, Pays-Bas).

De manière étonnante, il s’est avéré que le groupe contrôle présentait des scores macroscopique et histologique globalement peu élevés par rapport à ce qui est rapporté dans la littérature. Compte tenu de cette observation, il est difficile de se prononcer, sur base uniquement de cette étude, sur l’efficacité des différents traitements testés. Toutefois, il faut reconnaître que l’effet protecteur attendu pour le véhicule vis-à-vis de la dégradation du cartilage ne semble pas optimal et cela indépendamment de l’incorporation de dipropionate de bétaméthasone. Par ailleurs, l’étude des membranes synoviales a permis de démontrer qu’il n’y avait aucune différence significative en termes d’inflammation et de structure entre le groupe contrôle et les différents groupes traités. Ce qui signifie qu’aucun rejet n’a été observé vis-à-vis des formulations et que celles-ci ont, par conséquent, été bien tolérées malgré la formation de masses liées probablement au volume important injecté (900 µL) et au gonflement in situ du produit chez 37,5 % des lapins. Cette observation est importante puisqu’elle permet d’envisager de nouvelles perspectives telles que l’incorporation d’autres principes actifs pouvant éventuellement viser d’autres pathologies articulaires et pour lesquels une libération prolongée ou une protection mécanique du principe actif in situ serait bénéfique.


Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Book chapters on the topic "Glycerol - Monooleate"

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van Lierop, Ben, Laurence Castle, Alexandre Feigenbaum, and Achim Boenke. "Glycerol monooleate." In Spectra for the Identification of Additives in Food Packaging, 195–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5222-8_38.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Glycerol Monooleate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 344. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5550.

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"Glycerol monooleate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 463. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_5463.

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Lee, Jaehwi, and Ian Kellaway. "The Controlled Release of Drugs from Cubic Phases of Glyceryl Monooleate." In Bicontinuous Liquid Crystals, 457–69. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027709.ch16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Glycerol - Monooleate"

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Qadariyah, Lailatul, Asri Nur Fadilah, and Vincentius Vincentius. "Esterification of glycerol monooleate from glycerol and oleic acid using microwave heating." In THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF INDONESIAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021: Enhancing Innovations and Applications of Chemical Engineering for Accelerating Sustainable Development Goals. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0112813.

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Triwulandari, Evi, Mohammad Kemilau Ramadhan, and Muhammad Ghozali. "Influence of reaction condition on viscosity of polyurethane modified epoxy based on glycerol monooleate." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED CHEMISTRY (ISAC) 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4973180.

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Romero-Pena, Maria, and Supratim Ghosh. "Investigation of Stabilization Mechanism of Glycerol Monooleate in Water-in-oil Emulsions Using FTIR and Thermal Analysis." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.407.

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Mistry, Shweta. "Characterization of glycerol monooleate and water based liquid crystalline structure phase transitions induced by variation in temperature and water content." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.606.

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Ye, Jiping, Kenichi Ueoka, Makoto Kano, Yoshiteru Yasuda, Yusuke Okamoto, and Jean Michel Martin. "Super Low Friction Property of DLC Lubricated With Ester-Containing Oil: Part 2 — Nanometer-Scale Morphological, Structural and Frictional Properties." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63921.

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We have succeeded for the first time anywhere in lowering the friction coefficient of a diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coating to less than 0.01 under boundary lubrication in engine oil [1–3]. This anomalous super-lubrication behavior has been observed for a hydrogen-free DLC-coated (ta-C) disc in an ester-containing oil but not for a hydrogenated DLC (a-C:H) coating. It is thought that some chemical adsorbent may form only on the ta-C sliding surface due to some tribochemical reactions. Our recent studies have suggested that the macro-scale reduction of friction is dependent on nanometer-scale tribological properties [4–6]. The superlow friction behavior seen in a pin-on-disc friction test was taken as the object of this investigation with an eye toward elucidating the mechanism of the anomalous friction reduction. Pin-on-disc tests were conducted by sliding a ta-C/ta-C pair in the presence of poly alpha-olefin based oil containing a modifier additive of glycerol monooleate ester (PAOES1 oil). Nanometer-scale tribological properties were investigated by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the AFM phase-image technique, and nanoscratch measurements. Attention was focused on the differences in surface roughness, nanostructure and nanofriction coefficient between the sliding and non-sliding areas in an effort to find the origin of the super-lubrication behavior.
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Mistry, Shweta, Philipp Fuhrmann, and Dérick Rousseau. "Characterization of Monoolein Liquid Crystals Using Oscillatory Rheology and Strain Rate Frequency Superposition." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/hqrl2709.

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Glycerol monooleate (GMO) is a commonly used surfactant in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The admixture of GMO and water can form liquid crystals (LCs) with a controllable microstructure upon changes in temperature or GMO:water ratio. Our research hypotheses are that (a) the LC phase directionality dominates the yielding and large deformation behaviour of LCs and that (b) strain-rate frequency superposition (SRFS) may be used to directly measure both the long and short relaxation time of GMO-water LC structures. The microstructure and rheology of GMO-based LCs were characterized as a function of temperature and composition. The structure was assessed using X-ray scattering and polarized light microscopy. Small and large deformation rheology was determined using frequency and amplitude sweeps as well as large amplitude oscillatory shear and SRFS. A binary GMO-water phase diagram was used to identify the presence of lamellar and two cubic phases at temperatures below 65 °C, irrespective of the water:GMO ratio, with a hexagonal phase dominating at higher temperatures. Rheology revealed unique yielding and relaxation times for each of these phases. Via amplitude sweeps, the cubic phases demonstrated a distinct G′′ overshoot that was absent in the lamellar and hexagonal phases. Parameters extracted from the Lissajous plots, namely the stiffening and thickening ratios, provided further insights into their structural deformation. Finally, SRFS showed that these LCs measurably differed in structural relaxation times. We confirmed our hypothesis that each LC phase has unique rheological behaviour upon large deformation and, by linking rheology with X-ray scattering data, showed that their symmetry defined their rheology.
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7

El-Aooiti, Malek, Auke de Vries, and Derick Rousseau. "Destabilization of Particle-stabilized Emulsions with Non-ionic Surfactants." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/swzy9436.

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Abstract:
"Particle-stabilized water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions are commonly sought for applications that demand long-term resistance against droplet coalescence. However, their remarkable stability may pose problems for uses that require controlled breakdown, such as for controlled release applications. Here, we investigated the demulsification of model W/O emulsions stabilized by glycerol monostearate (GMS) crystals solidified prior to emulsification. We studied the ability of the surfactants sorbitan monooleate (SMO), sorbitan monolaurate (SML), polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), citric acid esters of mono and diglycerides (CITREM), sorbitan trioleate (STO), and propylene glycol monolaurate (PgML) to act as demulsifiers based on their capacity to alter the wettability of interfacially-bound GMS crystals. Demulsification was promoted by the addition of SMO, SML, and CITREM, which promoted the transition of the GMS crystals from oil-wet to water-wet, thereby reducing their ability to stabilize the starting oil-continuous emulsions. Conversely, surfactants PGPR, STO, and PgML, did not sufficiently alter GMS crystal wettability to illicit demulsification. We found that two factors were necessary for a surfactant to act as a demulsifier, namely a strong affinity to the surface of GMS crystals as well as to the oil-water interface. From a compositional perspective, SMO, SML, and CITREM were effective demulsifiers because of their availability of sterically unhindered polar functional groups that can anchor to the surface of GMS crystals and polar dispersed phase droplets. Conversely, polar functional groups in PGPR and STO were sterically hindered, preventing adsorption to polar surfaces, while the propylene glycol head-group of PgML lacked polar character. Furthermore, it was shown that emulsion breakdown was concentration dependent, with surfactant concentration dominating release kinetics. Overall, this work showed that tuning the wettability of interfacially-bound GMS crystals could be used to destabilize particle-stabilized W/O emulsions, which may allow for the controllable breakdown of highly stable emulsions.
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