Journal articles: 'Glycerides Metabolism'

1

Lambert, D. M., G. K. E. Scriba, B. Gallez, J. H. Poupaert, and P. Dumont. "Glyceride Conjugates as Drug Carriers." Current Medicinal Chemistry 1, no. 5 (February 1995): 376–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986730105220216102357.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: Drug-lipid conjugates have been prepared in order to confer the attached drugs to the metabolic pathways of natural lipids. The drug can be covalently bound either to a fatty acid or to a glyceride. In glycerides, one or two fatty acid moieties have been replaced by a drug realizing pseudoglycerides. These pseudoglycerides exhibited some physicochemi cal properties and absorption characteristics similar to those of natural triglycerides resulting in a different pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic profile compared that of the parent drug. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, indomethacin, ibuprofen, naproxen and aclofenac were covalently bound to diglycerides in order to reduce the ulcerogenicity of the compounds. Employing the absorption process of dietary fat, pseudoglycerides have been used for the targeting of the lymphatic route in order to avoid the first-pass metabolism of a drug (L-DOPA) and I or to target the lymphatic system for the treatment of lymphatic metastasis (chlorambucil, melphalan) or filiariasis (melphalan and GABA). Pseudoglycerides and other glyceride-like structures have been evaluated in order to increase the intestinal absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs such as phenytoin. An improvement of the blood-brain barrier penetration of GABA covalently bound to glycerides has been reported in the 80's, A similar approach was followed for L-dopa, glycine, valproate, and the enkephalinase inhibitor thiorphan including amide bio-isosteres of glycerides. Radioiodinated agents containing fluoride and nitroxyl moieties were coupled to glycerides and fatty acids as potential hepatographic agents in nuclear medicine, 19F- and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. A variety of phospholipid-linked cytotoxic nucleosides and nucleoside analogues such as ara-C, AZT and acyclovir have been prepared. Compared to the parent drugs the phospholipid analogs exhibited increased antineoplastic activity in vitro and in vivo. The conjugates were also active against tumors and viruses that were resistant against the drug itself.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Lu, Li, Kun Hao, Yu Hong, Jie Liu, Jinwei Zhu, Wenjiao Jiang, Zheying Zhu, Guangji Wang, and Ying Peng. "Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate Reduces Hepatic Lipotoxicity through Regulating Metabolic Abnormalities." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 30, 2021): 5884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115884.

Full text

Abstract:

The excessive accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes induces a type of cytotoxicity called hepatic lipotoxicity, which is a fundamental contributor to liver metabolic diseases (such as NAFLD). Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MGIG), a magnesium salt of the stereoisomer of natural glycyrrhizic acid, is widely used as a safe and effective liver protectant. However, the mechanism by which MGIG protects against NAFLD remains unknown. Based on the significant correlation between NAFLD and the reprogramming of liver metabolism, we aimed to explore the beneficial effects of MGIG from a metabolic viewpoint in this paper. We treated HepaRG cells with palmitic acid (PA, a saturated fatty acid of C16:0) to induce lipotoxicity and then evaluated the antagonistic effect of MGIG on lipotoxicity by investigating the cell survival rate, DNA proliferation rate, organelle damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Metabolomics, lipidomics, and isotope tracing were used to investigate changes in the metabolite profile, lipid profile, and lipid flux in HepaRG cells under different intervention conditions. The results showed that MGIG can indeed protect hepatocytes against PA-induced cytotoxicity and ERS. In response to the metabolic abnormality of lipotoxicity, MGIG curtailed the metabolic activation of lipids induced by PA. The content of total lipids and saturated lipids containing C16:0 chains increased significantly after PA stimulation and then decreased significantly or even returned to normal levels after MGIG intervention. Lipidomic data show that glycerides and glycerophospholipids were the two most affected lipids. For excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, MGIG can downregulate the expression of the metabolic enzymes (GPATs and DAGTs) involved in triglyceride biosynthesis. In conclusion, MGIG has a positive regulatory effect on the metabolic disorders that occur in hepatocytes under lipotoxicity, and the main mechanisms of this effect are in lipid metabolism, including reducing the total lipid content, reducing lipid saturation, inhibiting glyceride and glycerophospholipid metabolism, and downregulating the expression of metabolic enzymes in lipid synthesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Hayes, K. C. "Synthetic and modified glycerides: effects on plasma lipids." Current Opinion in Lipidology 12, no. 1 (February 2001): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041433-200102000-00010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Albro, Phillip W., Jean T. Corbett, and Joanna L. Schroeder. "Endogenous lipids of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 71, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1993): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o93-033.

Full text

Abstract:

Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) were given [1-14C]-labeled palmitic acid by gavage on days 0 and 3, and sacrificed on day 7. The distribution of label among lipid classes indicated that glycerides, sterol esters, cerebrosides, sulfatides, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and (or) phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin turn over in, or are synthesized by, the earthworm. Free fatty acids still had the highest specific radioactivity of any lipid class at the end of the experiment. Incorporation of label into sterol and hydrocarbon fractions was insignificant and there was no detectable label incorporated into gangliosides. Phosphatidylethanolamine apparently turned over quite slowly compared with other lipid classes, while the cerebroside fraction became highly labeled. Elongation of palmitic acid to stearate and oxidation to CO2 occurred extensively, but there was no evidence for desaturation.Key words: earthworm, Lumbricus, lipids, gangliosides, metabolism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

He, Ping, Biyu Hou, Yanliang Li, Chunyang Xu, Peng Ma, Sin Man Lam, Victoria Gil, et al. "Lipid Profiling Reveals Browning Heterogeneity of White Adipose Tissue by Β3-Adrenergic Stimulation." Biomolecules 9, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9090444.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: White adipose tissue (WAT) browning confers beneficial effects on metabolic diseases. However, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is not as susceptible to browning as subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Aim: Interpreting the heterogeneity of VAT and SAT in brown remodeling and provide promising lipid targets to promote WAT browning. Methods: We first investigated the effects of β3-adrenergic stimulation by CL316,243 on systemic metabolism. Then, high-coverage targeted lipidomics approach with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was utilized to provide extensive detection of lipid metabolites in VAT and SAT. Results: CL316,243 notably ameliorated the systemic metabolism and induced brown remodeling of SAT but browning resistance of VAT. Comprehensive lipidomics analysis revealed browning heterogeneity of VAT and SAT with more dramatic alteration of lipid classes and species in VAT rather than SAT, though VAT is resistant to browning. Adrenergic stimulation differentially affected glycerides content in VAT and SAT and boosted the abundance of more glycerophospholipids species in VAT than in SAT. Besides, CL316,243 increased sphingolipids in VAT without changes in SAT, meanwhile, elevated cardiolipin species more prominently in VAT than in SAT. Conclusions: We demonstrated the browning heterogeneity of WAT and identified potential lipid biomarkers which may provide lipid targets for overcoming VAT browning resistance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Liang, Hong, Jun Yan, and Kang Song. "Comprehensive lipidomic analysis reveals regulation of glyceride metabolism in rat visceral adipose tissue by high-altitude chronic hypoxia." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 6, 2022): e0267513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267513.

Full text

Abstract:

Adipose tissue plays a central role in energy substrate homeostasis and is a key regulator of lipid flow throughout these processes. As hypoxia affects lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, we aimed to investigate the effects of high-altitude chronic hypoxia on lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of rats using a lipidomic analysis approach. Visceral adipose tissues from rats housed in a high-altitude hypoxia environment representing 4,300 m with 14.07% oxygen (hypoxia group) and from rats housed in a low-altitude normoxia environment representing 41 m with 20.95% oxygen (normoxia group) for 8 weeks were analyzed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry system. After 8 weeks, the body weight and visceral adipose tissue weight of the hypoxia group were significantly decreased compared to those of the normoxia group (p < 0.05). The area and diameter of visceral adipose cells in the hypoxia group were significantly smaller than those of visceral adipose cells in the normoxia group (p < 0.05). The results of lipidomic analysis showed a total of 21 lipid classes and 819 lipid species. The total lipid concentration of the hypoxia group was lower than that in the normoxia group (p < 0.05). Concentrations of diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols in the hypoxia group were significantly lower than those in the normoxia group (p < 0.05). Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we identified 74 lipids that were significantly altered between the normoxia and hypoxia groups. These results demonstrate that high-altitude chronic hypoxia changes the metabolism of visceral adipose glycerides, which may potentially modulate other metabolic processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Wang, Liyan, Meiling Jing, Naveed Ahmad, Yifei Wang, Yijin Wang, Jia Li, Xiaowei Li, et al. "Tracing Key Molecular Regulators of Lipid Biosynthesis in Tuber Development of Cyperus esculentus Using Transcriptomics and Lipidomics Profiling." Genes 12, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101492.

Full text

Abstract:

Cyperus esculentus is widely representing one of the important oil crops around the world, which provides valuable resources of edible tubers called tiger nut. The chemical composition and high ability to produce fats emphasize the role of tiger nut in promoting oil crop productivity. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the production and accumulation of lipids in tiger nut development still remains unclear. Here, we conducted comprehensive transcriptomics and lipidomics analyses at different developmental stages of tuber in Cyperus esculentus. Lipidomic analyses confirmed that the accumulation of lipids including glycolipids, phospholipids, and glycerides were significantly enriched during tuber development from early to mature stage. The proportion of phosphatidylcholines (PC) declined during all stages and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) was significantly declined in early and middle stages. These findings implied that PC is actively involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis during the tubers development, whereas PE may participate in TAG metabolism during early and middle stages. Comparative transcriptomics analyses indicated several genomic and metabolic pathways associated with lipid metabolism during tuber development in tiger nut. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that TAG synthesis in different developmental stages was attributed to 37 candidate transcripts including CePAH1. The up-regulation of diacylglycerol (DAG) and oil content in yeast, resulted from the inducible expression of exogenous CePAH1 confirmed the central role of this candidate gene in lipid metabolism. Our results demonstrated the foundation of an integrative metabolic model for understanding the molecular mechanism of tuber development in tiger nut, in which lipid biosynthesis plays a central role.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Lal, Bechan, and T. P. Singh. "In vivo modification of fatty acids and glycerides metabolism in response to 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane and cythion exposure in the catfish, Clarias batrachus." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 11, no. 3 (June 1986): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(86)90103-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kwon, Soyang, Trudy L. Burns, and Kathleen Janz. "Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Fatness With Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Adolescents: The NHANES 1999–2002." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 7, no. 6 (November 2010): 746–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.6.746.

Full text

Abstract:

Background:This study aimed to examine combined and independent effects of cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness on cardiovascular risk factors among U.S. adolescents.Methods:Data from adolescents age 12 to 19 years participating in the NHANES 1999 to 2002 were used. Fitness level was determined by submaximal treadmill test and was dichotomized as ‘not fit’ or ‘fit’ according to the FITNESSGRAM. Fatness level was categorized as ‘not fat’ or ‘fat’ based on the CDC BMI growth charts. Gender-specific multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to compare age-, race/ethnicity-, fatness-, and waist circumference-adjusted means of blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins, C-peptide, insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.Results:A total of 3202 adolescents (1629 boys) were included for data analysis. Among boys, total cholesterol, tri-glycerides, insulin, and CRP mean levels were significantly higher (P < .05) in the ‘not fit’ group than in the ‘fit’ group, after adjustment for fatness level and waist circumference. Among girls, the fatness level- and waist circumference-adjusted means of total cholesterol (P < .01) and LDL-C (P < .09) were higher in the ‘not fit’ than ‘fit’ groups.Conclusion:Cardiorespiratory fitness, independent of fatness, may have beneficial effects on lipid profiles among girls, and on lipid profiles, insulin metabolism, and inflammation levels among boys.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Schindler, C., and J. Felber. "Study on the Effect of a High Fat Diet on Diaphragm and Liver Glycogen and Glycerides in the Rat." Hormone and Metabolic Research 18, no. 02 (February 1986): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1012239.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Taylor, Ferreira, West, Yang, Caputo, and Lawlor. "Differences in Pregnancy Metabolic Profiles and Their Determinants between White European and South Asian Women: Findings from the Born in Bradford Cohort." Metabolites 9, no. 9 (September 18, 2019): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9090190.

Full text

Abstract:

There is widespread metabolic disruption in women upon becoming pregnant. South Asians (SA) compared to White Europeans (WE) have more fat mass and are more insulin-resistant at a given body mass index (BMI). Whether these are reflected in other gestational metabolomic differences is unclear. Our aim was to compare gestational metabolic profiles and their determinants between WE and SA women. We used data from a United Kingdom (UK) cohort to compare metabolic profiles and associations of maternal age, education, parity, height, BMI, tricep skinfold thickness, gestational diabetes (GD), pre-eclampsia, and gestational hypertension with 156 metabolic measurements in WE (n = 4072) and SA (n = 4702) women. Metabolic profiles, measured in fasting serum taken between 26–28 weeks gestation, were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance. Distributions of most metabolic measures differed by ethnicity. WE women had higher levels of most lipoprotein subclasses, cholesterol, glycerides and phospholipids, monosaturated fatty acids, and creatinine but lower levels of glucose, linoleic acid, omega-6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and most amino acids. Higher BMI and having GD were associated with higher levels of several lipoprotein subclasses, triglycerides, and other metabolites, mostly with stronger associations in WEs. We have shown differences in gestational metabolic profiles between WE and SA women and demonstrated that associations of exposures with these metabolites differ by ethnicity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Sugahara, Otoe, Uliana Danilenko, Krista Poynter, Lynn Collins, Nasim Khoshnam, Tatiana Buchannan, Clark Coffman, et al. "Improving the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Endocrine Diseases Through Accurate and Reliable Laboratory Measurements With CDC Clinical Standardization Programs." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1647.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Laboratory measurements are critical for correct diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic diseases such as hypogonadism, PCOS, and thyroid diseases. Inaccurate measurements of disease biomarkers can lead to misclassification of patients/incorrect treatment and prevent the effective use of research findings in patient care. The CDC Clinical Standardization Programs (CDC CSP) improve the accuracy and reliability of clinical biomarker measurements by assessing and improving the analytical performance of assays. The CDC CSP assist with assay calibration, the certification of analytical performance, and the monitoring of routine patient and research testing. The CDC CSP work with clinical/research laboratories and assay manufacturers to improve laboratory measurements. Its current programs include the following analytes: total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), vitamin D (VD), free thyroxine (FT4), total cholesterol (TC), total glycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). The work is being conducted through certification/monitoring programs and technical assistance. Most assays participating in the certification programs have seen performance improvements and maintain performance over time by continuous participation. Most major commercial laboratories and assays manufactures are enrolled in the certification programs. Currently certified and non-certified assays are available. Assays certified by CDC CSP are listed on the website at https://www.cdc.gov/labstandards/hs.html. The CDC Lipid Standardization Programs and CDC Accuracy-based Monitoring Programs allow for weekly monitoring of analytical performance of routine tests for analytes including TT, VD, TC, TG, HDL-C, apolipoprotein A1 and B. These monitoring programs assist researchers with assessing measurement accuracy of research studies over time and across laboratories. The CDC CSP also support accuracy-based external quality assurance surveys such as those offered by the College of American Pathologists (CAP). The CDC CSP assist researchers and stakeholders with developing and establishing reference intervals and conducting studies to better assess and diagnose patients. Based on the needs and requests from clinical community, programs for new biomarkers such as Lp(a), PTH and glucose are being developed. The CDC CSP work with stakeholders, such as the Endocrine Society and the Partnership for the Accurate Testing of Hormones, to educate the clinical and laboratory communities about the importance of using standardized assays in patient care, research, and public health.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Pekic, S., M. Doknic, D. Miljic, M. Joksimovic, J. Glodic, M. Djurovic, C. Dieguez, F. Casanueva, and V. Popovic. "Ghrelin test for the assessment of GH status in successfully treated patients with acromegaly." European Journal of Endocrinology 154, no. 5 (May 2006): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02148.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: Posttreatment assessment of disease activity and definition of cure of acromegaly, using measurement of GH secretion, remains problematic. Furthermore, with our efforts to achieve tight biochemical control of the disease it is foreseeable that a proportion of patients may be rendered GH deficient, thus requiring testing for GH deficiency. The aim of our study was to evaluate residual GH secretion in cured patients with acromegaly. Design and methods: At baseline, circulating GH, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, leptin and lipid (cholesterol and tri-glycerides) levels were measured in 33 acromegalic patients nine years after treatment with surgery of whom 6 were additionally irradiated. Two tests were performed: the GH suppression test - oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the GH provocation test - ghrelin test (1 μg/kg i.v. bolus) and the results were compared with 11 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Results: According to the consensus criteria (normal IGF-I levels and post-OGTT GH nadir <1 μg/l), 21 treated acromegalic patients were cured, 6 had discordant IGF-I and GH nadir values during OGTT, while 6 had persistent acromegaly. After the GH provocative test with ghrelin (cut-off for severe GH deficiency is GH <3 μg/l), we detected 9 severely GH deficient patients (GHD) among 21 cured acromegalic patients. Mean GH peak (±s.e.m.) response to the ghrelin test in GHD acromegalics was significantly lower compared with acromegalics with sufficient GH secretory capacity and control subjects (1.2 ± 0.2 μg/l vs 20.1 ± 2.4 μg/l vs 31.1 ± 2.5 μg/l respectively, P<0.0001). Mean IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were not different between GHD and GH-sufficient cured acromegalics. Leptin levels and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in GHD male acromegalics compared with GH-sufficient male acromegalics. GHD female acromegalics tended to have higher BMIs while leptin levels were not different. Conclusions: The assessment of residual GH secretory capacity by the GH provocation test is necessary in the long-term follow-up of successfully treated acromegalics since a large proportion of these patients are rendered GH deficient.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Barakat, H. A., G. L. Dohm, N. Shukla, R. H. Marks, M. Kern, J. W. Carpenter, and R. S. Mazzeo. "Influence of age and exercise training on lipid metabolism in Fischer-344 rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 1638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.4.1638.

Full text

Abstract:

The influence of training on fatty acid and glyceride synthesis by liver and adipose tissue homogenates of young and old Fischer-344 rats was examined. Four groups of rats (10 animals/group) were studied: young untrained, young trained, old untrained, and old trained. Training of each group was for 10 wk at 75% maximal O2 uptake. Young rats were killed at 6 mo of age and old rats were killed at 27 mo of age. Fatty acid synthesis was assessed by measuring the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, ATP citrate-lyase, "malic" enzyme, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glyceride synthesis was evaluated by determining the rate of incorporation of [14C]glycerol 3-phosphate into lipids. In addition, lipoprotein lipase activity was measured in acetone-ether powders of adipose tissue from the four groups of rats. In liver, training had no effect on fatty acid or glyceride synthesis in either group. However, aging caused a significant decrease in the activities of four of the lipogenic enzymes but had no effect on glyceride synthesis. Training caused an increase in fatty acid synthase and glyceride synthesis in adipose tissue, and aging decreased lipoprotein lipase activity. It was concluded that training enhances the synthetic capacity of lipids by adipose tissue but that aging had a more profound effect in that the activities of the enzymes involved in these processes were lower in the old rats. Furthermore, the decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase in the older rats may explain the higher plasma triglyceride levels that were observed in these animals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

de Deckere, Emile A. M., Johan M. M. van Amelsvoort, Gerald P. McNeill, and Penny Jones. "Effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on lipid levels and peroxisome proliferation in the hamster." British Journal of Nutrition 82, no. 4 (October 1999): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599001518.

Full text

Abstract:

Effects of the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers cis-9, trans-11 (c9, t11 CLA) and trans-10, cis-12 (t10, c12 CLA) on lipid metabolism and markers of peroxisome proliferation were investigated in hamsters fed on purified diets containing 30 % energy as fat and 0·1 g cholesterol/kg for 8 weeks. Four groups (n 32 each) received diets without CLA (control), with a mixture of equal amounts of c9, t11 and t10, c12 CLA (CLA mix), with c9, t11 CLA, and with t10, c12 CLA. The total amount of CLA isomers was 1·5 % energy or 6·6 g/kg diet. CLA was incorporated into glycerides and exchanged for linoleic acid in the diet. Compared with the control, the CLA mix and t10, c12 CLA decreased fasting values of LDL- (21 and 18 % respectively) and HDL-cholesterol (8 and 11 %), increased VLDL-triacylglycerol (80 and 61 %), and decreased epididymal fat pad weights (9 and 16 %), whereas c9, t11 CLA had no significant effects. All CLA preparations increased liver weight, but not liver lipids. However, the increase in liver weight was much less in the c9, t11 CLA group (8 %) than in the other two groups (25 %) and might have been caused by the small amount of t10, c12 CLA present in the c9, t11 CLA preparation. Liver histology revealed that increased weight was due to hypertrophy. Markers of peroxisome proliferation, such as cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl CoA oxidase (EC 1.3.3.6) and carnitine acetyl transferase (EC 2.3.1.7) activities, were not increased by CLA. Both c9, t11 CLA and t10, c12 CLA were incorporated into phospholipids and triacylglycerols, but t10, c12 CLA only about half as much as c9, t11 CLA. In addition, linoleic acid and linolenic acid concentrations were lower in lipids of the t10, c12 CLA group compared with the c9, t11 CLA group. These data suggest that t10, c12 CLA stimulated the oxidation of all C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The results indicate that the t10, c12 CLA isomer, and not the so-called natural CLA isomer (c9, t11), is the active isomer affecting lipid levels in hamsters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Gonzalez, Mayra A., Jose L. Lopez, Katherine Schenkel, Kelaiah Reffell, Christopher A. Eide, Sudip Bajpeyi, and Anna M. Eiring. "A Role for Lipid Metabolism in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Resistance of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 2542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-148507.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting BCR-ABL1 are remarkably effective therapies in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Despite success, TKIs do not target the CML leukemic stem cell (LSC), meaning patients must be treated for life at a high economic burden and often with significant side effects. Our previous work demonstrated a tumor suppressor role for G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) in CML, which is profoundly downregulated in TKI resistance (>3-fold, p<0.02) (Gonzalez MA, et al. Cancer Res 2020 #648). Low G0S2 expression not only correlated with TKI resistance, but also with a shorter overall survival in chronic phase (p=0.036), and transformation from the chronic to the blast phase of disease (p<0.05). G0S2 is known to regulate apoptosis, quiescence, lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and also acts as an inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate-limiting enzyme in intracellular lipolysis. We hypothesized that G0S2-mediated ATGL inhibition underlies its tumor suppressor activity in CML and TKI resistance. To address this hypothesis, we first assessed ATGL protein expression in CML cell lines (K562 and KU812) in the presence and absence of the BCR-ABL TKI, imatinib. Importantly, ATGL protein expression remained unchanged in graded doses of imatinib, suggesting that ATGL expression occurs in a BCR-ABL1-independent manner. To assess the functional role of ATGL in CML and TKI resistance, we performed shRNA-mediated ATGL knockdown (shATGL) in both cell lines. Although ectopic G0S2 impaired survival of CML cell lines and patient samples, we observed a different phenotype upon ATGL knockdown. Rather, shATGL alone increased colony formation by ~30% in both cell lines in the absence but not presence of imatinib (K562, p=0.04; KU812, p=0.0024). Knockdown of ATGL had no effect on colony formation of normal cord blood CD34 + progenitors (p=0.742). Interestingly, when we ectopically expressed G0S2 into K562 cells with simultaneous ATGL knockdown, the phenotype in colony formation assays mimicked ectopic G0S2 expression, reducing survival by ~50% (p=0.05). These data suggest that the tumor suppressor role of G0S2 in CML is independent of ATGL. However, while ectopic G0S2 expression alone had no effect on apoptosis of CML cell lines, when combined with ATGL knockdown, imatinib-mediated apoptosis was markedly increased. This was similar to data observed in blast phase CML patient samples upon ectopic G0S2 expression. Consistently, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data for CML patients revealed that ATGL mRNA is highly downregulated in blast phase (n=14) compared with patients in the chronic (n=52) or accelerated (n=11) phases of the disease (p<0.0001). These data suggest that ATGL abrogates G0S2-mediated apoptosis in the presence of imatinib. We next performed colony formation assays of K562 cells with G0S2 knockdown (shG0S2) versus a non-targeting control (shNT) in the absence and presence of an ATGL inhibitor (Atglistatin, 50 µM) and a fatty acid oxidation (FAO) inhibitor (TMZ, 10 µM). Atglistatin had no effect on colony formation in the shNT-expressing cells, but reduced survival by ~40% upon G0S2 knockdown. Similarly, TMZ reduced survival of shNT cells by ~30%, while it reduced survival by ~90% upon G0S2 knockdown. These data suggest that the phenotypic effects of G0S2 knockdown in TKI resistance in part requires FAO. The effect of G0S2 on lipid metabolism was further confirmed with RNAseq and metabolomics/lipidomics analyses. RNAseq revealed no overlapping pathways between K562 cells expressing ectopic G0S2 versus shATGL. Lipidomics analyses revealed that G0S2 knockdown reduced expression of tri- and di-glycerides, whereas ectopic G0S2 promoted triglyceride accumulation in K562 cells. G0S2 knockdown also resulted in substantial changes of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine expression, implicating G0S2 in the production of lipid bilayer components. Finally, metabolomics data implicated a role for G0S2 as a negative regulator of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Altogether, these findings suggest that G0S2 and lipid metabolism play a role in regulating leukemic stem and progenitor cell survival as well as TKI response in vitro. Therefore, restoring G0S2 expression and inhibiting FAO, combined with BCR-ABL1 inhibition, may be a novel clinical strategy to induce treatment-free remission in CML patients and eradicate the CML LSC. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Small, D. M. "The Effects of Glyceride Structure on Absorption and Metabolism." Annual Review of Nutrition 11, no. 1 (July 1991): 413–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.11.070191.002213.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Martins-Santos, Maria Emilia Soares, Valéria Ernestânia Chaves, Danúbia Frasson, Renata Polessi Boschini, Maria Antonieta Rissato Garófalo, Isis do Carmo Kettelhut, and Renato Hélios Migliorini. "Glyceroneogenesis and the supply of glycerol-3-phosphate for glyceride-glycerol synthesis in liver slices of fasted and diabetic rats." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 293, no. 5 (November 2007): E1352—E1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00394.2007.

Full text

Abstract:

The pathways of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) generation for glyceride synthesis were examined in precision-cut liver slices of fasted and diabetic rats. The incorporation of 5 mM [U-14C]glucose into glyceride-glycerol, used to evaluate G3P generation via glycolysis, was reduced by ∼26–36% in liver slices of fasted and diabetic rats. The glycolytic flux was reduced by ∼60% in both groups. The incorporation of 1.0 mM [2-14C]pyruvate into glyceride-glycerol (glyceroneogenesis) increased ∼50% and ∼36% in slices of fasted and diabetic rats, respectively, which also showed a two-fold increase in the activity phospho enolpyruvate carboxykinase. The increased incorporation of 1.0 mM [2-14C]pyruvate into glyceride-glycerol by slices of fasted rats was not affected by the addition of 5 mM glucose to the incubation medium. The activity of glycerokinase and the incorporation of 1 mM [U-14C]glycerol into glyceride-glycerol, evaluators of G3P formation by direct glycerol phosphorylation, did not differ significantly from controls in slices of the two experimental groups. Rates of incorporation of 1 mM [2-14C]pyruvate and [U-14C]glycerol into glucose of incubation medium (gluconeogenesis) were ∼140 and ∼20% higher in fasted and diabetic slices than in control slices. It could be estimated that glyceroneogenesis by liver slices of fasted rats contributed with ∼20% of G3P generated for glyceride-glycerol synthesis, the glycolytic pathway with ∼5%, and direct phosphorylation of glycerol by glycerokinase with ∼75%. Pyruvate contributed with 54% and glycerol with 46% of gluconeogenesis. The present data indicate that glyceroneogenesis has a significant participation in the generation of G3P needed for the increased glyceride-glycerol synthesis in liver during fasting and diabetes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Sarapio, Elaine, Samir K. De Souza, Jorge F. A. Model, Marcia Trapp, and Roselis S. M. Da Silva. "Stanniocalcin-1 and -2 effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue from fed and fasted rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 97, no. 10 (October 2019): 916–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2019-0023.

Full text

Abstract:

Stanniocalcin-1 and -2 belong to a family of molecules that exhibit both paracrine and autocrine effects in mammalian cells. Human stanniocalcin-1 (hSTC-1) is expressed in a wide range of tissues, including white adipose tissue. In fed rats, hSTC-1 increases carbon flux from glucose to lipids in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue. Human stanniocalcin-2 (hSTC-2) is expressed in almost all tissues and regulates various biological processes. The aim of this work was to study the action of hSTC-1 and hSTC-2 in the lipid and glucose metabolism of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in rats in different nutritional states. This study shows for the first time an opposite effect of hSTC-1 and hSTC-2 on glyceride-glycerol generation from glucose in eWAT of fed rats. hSTC-1 stimulated the storage of triacylglycerol in eWAT in the postprandial period, increasing glucose uptake and glyceride-glycerol generation from 14C-glucose. hSTC-2 decreased triacylglycerol synthesis, reducing glyceride-glycerol generation from 14C-glucose, direct phosphorylation of glycerol, and fatty acid synthesis from 14C-glucose in eWAT of fed rats. However, both hormones increased glucose uptake in fed and fasting states. These findings provide evidence for a direct role of hSTC-1 and hSTC-2 in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in eWAT of rats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Tozzo, E., P. R. Shepherd, L. Gnudi, and B. B. Kahn. "Transgenic GLUT-4 overexpression in fat enhances glucose metabolism: preferential effect on fatty acid synthesis." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 268, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): E956—E964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.5.e956.

Full text

Abstract:

GLUT-4 expression varies widely among normal humans and those with obesity and diabetes. Using the alpha P2 promoter/enhancer ligated to the human GLUT-4 gene, we created transgenic mice to study the impact of alterations in GLUT-4 expression selectively in adipocytes on glucose homeostasis and body composition. Here we investigated molecular mechanisms for enhanced glucose tolerance and obesity in these mice. [U-14C]glucose incorporation into triglycerides, glyceride-glycerol, glyceride-fatty acids, CO2, and lactate was measured in adipocytes incubated at 3, 0.5, and 3 microM glucose with or without maximally stimulating insulin. In nontransgenic and transgenic mice, the major pathway for glucose metabolism shifts from lipogenesis at tracer glucose concentration to glycolysis at physiological glucose concentration. In transgenic adipocytes incubated at 3 microM glucose, metabolism via all major pathways is enhanced by 8.6- to 38-fold in the absence of insulin and 3- to 13-fold in the presence of insulin. At physiological glucose concentration, constitutive metabolism to triglycerides, CO2, and lactate is two- to threefold greater in transgenic than in nontransgenic adipocytes. De novo fatty acid synthesis is preferentially increased: 31-fold for basal and 21-fold for insulin-stimulated compared with nontransgenic adipocytes. Thus overexpression of GLUT-4 in adipocytes of transgenic mice results in increased glucose metabolism in all major pathways, with differential regulation of the pathways involved in lipogenesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Furse, Samuel, Alexandre G. Torres, and Albert Koulman. "Fermentation of Milk into Yoghurt and Cheese Leads to Contrasting Lipid and Glyceride Profiles." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 2178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092178.

Full text

Abstract:

There is mounting evidence that the consumption of fermented dairy products such as cheese and yoghurt is associated with a reduced risk of type II diabetes. This effect is greater than in fresh milk and differs between cheese and yoghurt. However, the molecular components responsible for the effect are not known. We tested the hypothesis that the lipid and/or glyceride profiles of yoghurts and cheeses are distinct from one another and fresh milk. We developed a novel sample preparation technique for high-fat samples that can be used with Direct Infusion–Mass Spectrometry. We found that the lipid and glyceride profiles of cheddars from the UK, Ireland and France, and hard cheeses from Sweden and Italy were similar to one another but distinct from unfermented dairy products. The lipid and glyceride profile of yoghurts was varied and included types that may be similar to fresh milk. Several odd-chain-containing triglycerides were more abundant, while a variety of others were less abundant, in fermented milk samples. Phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines were more abundant in cheeses, with evidence that the phosphatidylethanomine profile is re-modelled in a way that reflects the bacterial cell envelope. We concluded that a combination of microorganismal metabolism, concentration of the lipid/glyceride fraction and oxidation during fermentation contribute to the observed lipid profile if fermented dairy foods. These differences in the lipid and glyceride profile provide a new avenue for understanding why different fermented dairy foods show a different association with reduced disease risk compared to unfermented dairy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Digirolamo, M., S. V. Thacker, and S. K. Fried. "Effects of cell density on in vitro glucose metabolism by isolated adipocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 264, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): E361—E366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1993.264.3.e361.

Full text

Abstract:

We studied the effect of variable isolated fat cell concentrations (from 0.17 to 1.25 x 10(6) cells/ml) on rate and pattern of basal and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism by rat epididymal fat cells. Cell concentration did not affect total glucose utilization, but high cell concentrations increased the absolute and relative conversion of glucose to CO2 and glyceride-fatty acids by two- to threefold and decreased the conversion to lactate, pyruvate, and glyceride-glycerol when compared with values observed at low cell concentration. When effects of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and N-6(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (PIA) were examined, addition of ADA to incubated cells produced no significant changes in the rate or pattern of adipocyte glucose metabolism; PIA had a slight and uniform effect on the conversion of glucose to its metabolic products and minimal effect on insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism. Medium free fatty acid concentration did not change during the incubation at various cell density, but intracellular free fatty acids were found to be inversely related to fat cell density in the medium. Thus a variable fat cell density influences the pattern of adipocyte glucose metabolism in vitro. This effect may be due to variable rates of lipolysis and resulting changes in intracellular fatty acid concentration rather than to adenosine per se. This work has practical implications in the need to define cell density when carrying out in vitro measurements of adipocyte glucose conversion to products.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Hou, Yongqing. "Trilactic glyceride regulates lipid metabolism and improves gut function in piglets." Frontiers in Bioscience 25, no. 7 (2020): 1324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/4858.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Condratovici, Alina Plesea, Alina Mihaela Elisei, Decebal Vasincu, Iulian Dan Cuciureanu, Aurel Nechita, Camelia Ana Grigore, and Catalin Plesea Condratovici. "Biological Chemistry in Intermediate Lipid Metabolism Disorder." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 7 (August 15, 2019): 2647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.7.7397.

Full text

Abstract:

Any pathological process is accompanied by quantitative and qualitative changes in metabolism, which is the main form of life manifestation. Metabolism disorders (it is the permanent exchange of substances between the body and the environment) arise if the activity of the central nervous system is affected; the trophic function of the nervous system directs nutrition and metabolism. In this function, the coordinating role belongs to the central nervous system and is made by means of the endocrine glands. Lipids introduced into the body are digested mainly with the help of the pancreatic and intestinal juice and are resorbed through the walls of the small intestine. Even in the intestinal wall, the re-synthesis of fatty acids and glycerine fat occurs. A certain amount of neutral fat is probably resorbed without being split into fatty acids and glycerine. Fats are mainly resorbed through the lymphatic system, in part (about 30%) by means of the portal vein system; the entire fat emulsion penetrates into the blood and its main mass is deposited in certain fat deposits: the adipose subcutaneous cell tissue, the epiploon and the mesenterium of the abdominal cavity, as well as in the fatty layers of the various organs. In fat deposits, processes of lipid formation from carbohydrates and of transformation of higher fatty acids can occur. Lipids from fat deposits are subject to oxidation, especially at the liver level.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

ADACHI, K., D. YOKOYAMA, H. TAMAI, M. SADAI, and K. OBA. "Effect of the glyceride of pentadecanoic acid on energy metabolism in hair follicles." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 15, no. 3 (August 25, 2010): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.1993.tb00592.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Mansbach, C. M., A. Arnold, and M. Garrett. "Effect of chloroquine on intestinal lipid metabolism." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 253, no. 5 (November 1, 1987): G673—G678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1987.253.5.g673.

Full text

Abstract:

Most studies that have quantitated recovery of infused lipid in the intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph have only been able to recapture 50-75%. One possibility is that the missing lipid enters a triacylglycerol (TG) storage pool in the enterocyte and is hydrolyzed by lysosomal lipase, and the free fatty acid released is transported by the portal vein. This postulate was tested by comparing glyceryl trioleate (TO)-infused rats pretreated with the lysosomotropic drug, chloroquine (6.3 mg.kg-1.h-1) with saline controls. Chloroquine increased mucosal TG from 94 +/- 6 to 128 +/- 8 mumol. Additionally, the specific activity of the mucosal TG relative to the infused [3H]TO was reduced in the treated rats. The mucosal TG increase was not due to impaired TG output, which remained the same as controls. We conclude that the TG in the acid lipase-sensitive pool derives most of its glyceride-glycerol from endogenous sources. Furthermore, the increment in mucosal TG caused by chloroquine is not enough to explain the majority of the acyl groups unaccounted for in the mucosa and lymph after a TG infusion. For these a direct passage of acyl groups through the enterocyte is postulated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Romano, GG, JFM Menten, LW Freitas, MB Lima, R. Pereira, KC Zavarize, and CTS Dias. "Effects of glycerol on the metabolism of broilers fed increasing glycerine levels." Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 16, no. 1 (March 2014): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-635x2014000100014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Qiu, Xiangjie, Qiaona Ye, Mengxing Sun, Lili Wang, Yurong Tan, and Guojun Wu. "Saturated hydrogen improves lipid metabolism disorders and dysbacteriosis induced by a high-fat diet." Experimental Biology and Medicine 245, no. 6 (January 7, 2020): 512–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219898407.

Full text

Abstract:

Studies have shown that metabolic diseases, such as obesity, are significantly associated with intestinal flora imbalance. The amplification of opportunistic pathogens induced by the glyoxylic acid cycle contributes to intestinal flora imbalance. Promising, though, is that saturated hydrogen can effectively improve the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases, such as obesity. However, the specific mechanism of how saturated hydrogen operates is still not very clear. In this study, after a high-fat diet, the level of total cholesterol, total glyceride, and low-density lipoprotein in the peripheral blood of mice increased, and that of high-density lipoprotein decreased. Intestinal fatty acid metabolism-related gene Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), fatty acid synthase (FAS), intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FAPB), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) increased significantly. Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus counts in feces decreased considerably, while Enterobacter cloacae increased. The activity of isocitrate lyase in feces increased markedly. Treatment of mice with saturated hydrogen led to decreased total cholesterol, total glyceride, and low-density lipoprotein and increased high-density lipoprotein in the peripheral blood. FAS and I-FAPB gene expression in the small intestine decreased. Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus in feces increased significantly, whereas Enterobacter cloacae decreased. The activity of isocitrate lyase also diminished remarkably. These results suggest that saturated hydrogen could improve intestinal structural integrity and lipid metabolism disorders by inhibiting the glyoxylic acid cycle of the intestinal flora. Impact statement Past studies have shown that hydrogen can improve metabolic disorders, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. It is well known that metabolic diseases, such as obesity, are significantly associated with changes in the intestinal flora. The glyoxylic acid cycle is an essential metabolic pathway in prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes, and plants and could be the portal for mechanisms related to metabolic disorders. Many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria can recycle fatty acids to synthesize sugars and other pathogenic substances using the glyoxylic acid cycle. So, the glyoxylic acid cycle may be involved in intestinal dysbacteriosis under high-fat diet. This study, therefore, seeks to provide the mechanism of how hydrogen improves metabolic diseases and a new basis for the use of hydrogen in the treatment of metabolic disorders.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Li, Jinda, Xia Du, Qian Feng, and Hong Yan. "EXTRACELLULAR DIFFERENTIAL PROTEOME ANALYSIS OF SUBSTRATES OF DIFFERENT LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS DEGRADED BY ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS G-13." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 28, no. 3 (September 23, 2020): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2020.12695.

Full text

Abstract:

Aspergillus fumigatus G-13 has the potential to degrade lignocellulose biomass. The purpose of this work is to analyze the extracellular soluble secretory protein of lignocellulose degradation by Aspergillus fumigatus G-13. The research used ferulic acid, sinapic acid and p-coumaric acid as carbon sources. By controlling the culture conditions, adding cellulose co-substrate and auxiliary carbon source, the enzymatic production law of Aspergillus fumigatus G-13 degradation of three lignin model compounds was investigated. The two groups with the greatest difference in enzyme activity expression were screened, and high throughput quantitative proteomics analysis using iTRAQ. iTRAQ analysis showed that a total of 3862 protein spots changed significantly, of which 2103 down-regulated proteins and 1759 up-regulated proteins. The differential proteins involved in the degradation process of lignin model compounds are concentrated in dioxygenase, oxidoreductase, ferulic acid esterase B-2, isoamyl alcohol oxidase, bifunctional catalase peroxidase CAT2, cellulase, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, flavin-binding monooxygenase, etc. Lignin-related differential abundance proteins were mapped to 128 metabolic pathways. Significantly enriched pathways include metabolic pathways, glyceride metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, riboflavin metabolism, peroxisomes, riboflavin metabolism. The information presented in this paper is helpful to better understand the lignocellulose degradation mechanisms of A. fumigatus G-13.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Bower, J. F., S. Vadlamudi, and H. A. Barakat. "Ethnic differences in in vitro glyceride synthesis in subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 283, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): E988—E993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00225.2002.

Full text

Abstract:

Considerable evidence suggests that there are ethnic differences in lipid metabolism between African American and Caucasian women, which may result in increased synthesis of fat in adipose tissue. The purpose of this study was to measure the in vitro rates of [14C]glucose incorporation into the glyceride-glycerol backbone of triglycerides (TG) and diglycerides (DG) in abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and omental adipose tissue (OAT). Morbidly obese [African American ( n = 15): body mass index (BMI) = 45 ± 2.3; Caucasian ( n = 18): BMI = 51 ± 2.3] and preobese [African American ( n = 7): BMI = 27 ± 1.0; Caucasian ( n = 7): BMI = 25 ± 1.0] women were examined in this study. There were no significant differences in the rates of synthesis of either TG or DG in SAT of either preobese or obese women. On the other hand, both preobese and obese African American women had higher rates of synthesis of TG in OAT compared with their Caucasian counterparts. This increase in TG synthesis in OAT was not due to differences in cell size or rates of reesterification. Thus African American woman have an increased capacity to synthesize TG in OAT compared with Caucasian women, which may contribute to the higher prevalence of obesity in African American women.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Hu, Luojuan, Tim Quach, Sifei Han, Shea F. Lim, Preeti Yadav, Danielle Senyschyn, Natalie L. Trevaskis, Jamie S. Simpson, and Christopher J. H. Porter. "Glyceride-Mimetic Prodrugs Incorporating Self-Immolative Spacers Promote Lymphatic Transport, Avoid First-Pass Metabolism, and Enhance Oral Bioavailability." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 55, no. 44 (August 2, 2016): 13700–13705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201604207.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Hu, Luojuan, Tim Quach, Sifei Han, Shea F. Lim, Preeti Yadav, Danielle Senyschyn, Natalie L. Trevaskis, Jamie S. Simpson, and Christopher J. H. Porter. "Glyceride-Mimetic Prodrugs Incorporating Self-Immolative Spacers Promote Lymphatic Transport, Avoid First-Pass Metabolism, and Enhance Oral Bioavailability." Angewandte Chemie 128, no. 44 (August 2, 2016): 13904–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201604207.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Jiang, Haitao, Hua Zhu, Guangming Huo, Shengjie Li, Yulong Wu, Feng Zhou, Chun Hua, and Qiuhui Hu. "Oudemansiella raphanipies Polysaccharides Improve Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Murine High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." Nutrients 14, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 4092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14194092.

Full text

Abstract:

Oudemansiella raphanipies, also called “Edible Queen,” is a mushroom that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor and immunity-enhancing properties. The present study aimed to assess the effect of O. raphanipies-derived polysaccharide (ORPS) on the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. We studied the structure of ORPS-1 by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), ion chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). ORPS-1 mainly comprised galactose, fucose, glucose, mannose, and xylose, following an 18:6:6:4:1 molar ratio. In addition, the therapeutic effect as well as a potential mechanism of ORPS-1 in the treatment of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD were investigated. The results showed that ORPS-1 improved liver function, ameliorated liver steatosis, and reduced lipid droplet accumulation in HFD mice. A metabolomics approach with GC-MS was utilized to evaluate liver improvement by ORPS-1 treatment. Principal component analysis showed that liver metabolic profiling was significantly altered by HFD feeding or treatment with an intermediate dose of ORPS-1 in mice compared with that of control mice. By investigating the metabolic pathways with identified biomarkers, various pathways such as steroid biosynthesis, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, glyceride metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism in HFD mice were observed to be significantly influenced by ORPS-1 treatment. The results indicate ORPS-1 metabolic effects on liver tissues, provide methods for assessing the molecular impact of ORPS-1 on NAFLD, and suggest the potential mechanism underlying its health benefits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Wu, Xufang, Liya Guo, Guoxin Huang, Wenhao Tang, Shengguo Zhao, Jiaqi Wang, and Yangdong Zhang. "Effects of Dietary Natural Mycotoxins Exposure on Performance, Biochemical Parameters and Milk Small Molecule Metabolic Pathways of Lactating Cows." Agriculture 12, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030420.

Full text

Abstract:

The presence of mycotoxins in feed has the potential to cause significant detriment to animal and human health, and even severe economic implications. Previous studies on the effects of mycotoxins mainly focused on the addition of commercially available mycotoxins into feeds in animals. In the present study, corn meal and cottonseed were kept in warm and humid conditions to allow for mycotoxins produced and then used to substitute 50% and 100% of normal corn meal and cottonseed in diets for lactating cows for 14 days. The results showed that aflatoxin M1, deoxynivalenol, aflatoxin B1, and zearalenone were primary mycotoxins in milk from cows fed the diets. Compared with the control group, feeding the diets containing mildewy corn meal and cottonseed reduced feed intake, milk yield, and milk fat, protein and lactose productions (p > 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the acetate and valerate concentrations, acetate to propionate ratio, and the calculated CH4 production in rumen fluid (p > 0.05), whereas, the propionate, butyrate, isovalerate concentrations were affected (p < 0.05) depending on the content and type of natural mycotoxins. Serum creatinine and total glyceride concentrations were influenced with corn meal and cottonseed fully replaced with the mildewy feeds. Metabolic pathways for small molecule metabolites in milk were altered by dietary mycotoxin exposures, and the changes were mainly associated with amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and energy metabolism. However, cows exposed to natural mycotoxins in the diets were still in healthy conditions and had low somatic cell count in milk.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Brorsson, Camilla, Per Dahlqvist, Leif Nilsson, and Silvana Naredi. "Saliva stimulation with glycerine and citric acid does not affect salivary cortisol levels." Clinical Endocrinology 81, no. 2 (March 3, 2014): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cen.12423.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Barakat, Hisham A., John W. Carpenter, Yates A. Lennon, William R. Hanna, Kevin F. O'Brien, and G. Lynis Dohm. "The effects of exercise on lipogenic enzyme activity and glyceride synthesis by liver homogenates of diabetic rats." Metabolism 36, no. 10 (October 1987): 983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(87)90137-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Ananthu, Likhitha, and Anie Vijetha, K. "Formulation and Evaluation of Simvastatin Transdermal Drug Delivery System." Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2022.v08i10.006.

Full text

Abstract:

Transdermal patches are a cutting-edge drug delivery technology that is essential in the management of many disorders. As first-pass metabolism is avoided, TDDS can effectively increase bioavailability and aid in the delivery of drug molecules into the systemic circulation at a planned and controlled rate. This study's goal was to create matrix-type simvastatin transdermal patches utilising the solvent evaporation method and various polymer ratios, including HPMC 15 cps, HPMC E5, and Eudragit S 100. Plasticizers like glycerine, propylene glycol, and PEG 200 are utilised, along with solvents like methanol and chloroform. According to FTIR studies, pure drugs and excipients are compatible with each other. The tested patches are assessed for thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, moisture content, drug content, surface pH, and in vitro diffusion studies. The results indicated that the formulation F5 showed better characteristic properties and in vitro drug diffusion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Krycer, James R., Lake-Ee Quek, Deanne Francis, Armella Zadoorian, Fiona C. Weiss, Kristen C. Cooke, Marin E. Nelson, et al. "Insulin signaling requires glucose to promote lipid anabolism in adipocytes." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 38 (July 28, 2020): 13250–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.014907.

Full text

Abstract:

Adipose tissue is essential for metabolic homeostasis, balancing lipid storage and mobilization based on nutritional status. This is coordinated by insulin, which triggers kinase signaling cascades to modulate numerous metabolic proteins, leading to increased glucose uptake and anabolic processes like lipogenesis. Given recent evidence that glucose is dispensable for adipocyte respiration, we sought to test whether glucose is necessary for insulin-stimulated anabolism. Examining lipogenesis in cultured adipocytes, glucose was essential for insulin to stimulate the synthesis of fatty acids and glyceride–glycerol. Importantly, glucose was dispensable for lipogenesis in the absence of insulin, suggesting that distinct carbon sources are used with or without insulin. Metabolic tracing studies revealed that glucose was required for insulin to stimulate pathways providing carbon substrate, NADPH, and glycerol 3-phosphate for lipid synthesis and storage. Glucose also displaced leucine as a lipogenic substrate and was necessary to suppress fatty acid oxidation. Together, glucose provided substrates and metabolic control for insulin to promote lipogenesis in adipocytes. This contrasted with the suppression of lipolysis by insulin signaling, which occurred independently of glucose. Given previous observations that signal transduction acts primarily before glucose uptake in adipocytes, these data are consistent with a model whereby insulin initially utilizes protein phosphorylation to stimulate lipid anabolism, which is sustained by subsequent glucose metabolism. Consequently, lipid abundance was sensitive to glucose availability, both during adipogenesis and in Drosophila flies in vivo. Together, these data highlight the importance of glucose metabolism to support insulin action, providing a complementary regulatory mechanism to signal transduction to stimulate adipose anabolism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Gurung, Nar K., Kweku B. Tuoho, Frank W. Abrahamsen, and Byeng R. Min. "Meat goat diet supplementation with crude glycerine: Ruminal fermentation metabolism, blood chemistry profile, animal performance and carcass traits." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 105, no. 3 (February 15, 2021): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13489.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Huang, Y.-S., P. Redden, X. Lin, R. Smith, S. MacKinnon, and D. F. Horrobin. "Effect of dietary olive oil non-glyceride fraction on plasma cholesterol level and liver phospholipid fatty acid composition." Nutrition Research 11, no. 5 (May 1991): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80006-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Omazic, A. Werner, M. Tråvén, J. Bertilsson, and K. Holtenius. "High- and low-purity glycerine supplementation to dairy cows in early lactation: effects on silage intake, milk production and metabolism." Animal 7, no. 9 (2013): 1479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731113001110.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Bassett, D. J., and J. L. Rabinowitz. "Incorporation of glucose carbons into rat lung lipids after exposure to 0.6 ppm ozone." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 248, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): E553—E559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1985.248.5.e553.

Full text

Abstract:

Continuous exposure to low concentrations of ozone has previously been associated with proliferation of lung alveolar type II epithelial cells. In this study, 14C incorporation into tissue lipids was determined in isolated rat lungs by perfusion with [U-14C]glucose, at a time of maximal hyperplasia brought about by 3 days continuous exposure to 0.6 ppm ozone. Ozone exposed lungs exhibited increased rates of glycolytic energy production, indicated by an 89% increase in 3H2O generation on perfusion with [5-3H]glucose, from a control value of 17.5 +/- 2.1 mumol X h-1 X g-1 X dry wt-1 (+/- SE, n = 4). Ozone exposure resulted in enhanced 14C incorporations into glyceride-glycerol and fatty acid moieties of lung lipids of 95 and 180%, respectively, with a greater proportion of label being recovered in shorter chain fatty acids. Although increased labeling was observed in both neutral and phospholipids, the pattern of 14C recovery suggested a relative increased glucose carbon incorporation into lung free fatty acids, phosphatidic acid, and such membrane associated lipids as phosphatidylinositol and those containing sphingosine. These results are consistent with the needs of a dividing cell population for enhanced energy production and synthesis of new lipids.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Botion, L. M., M. N. Brito, N. A. Brito, S. R. C. Brito, I. C. Kettelhut, and R. H. Migliorini. "Glucose contribution to in vivo synthesis of glyceride-glycerol and fatty acids in rats adapted to a high-protein, carbohydrate-free diet." Metabolism 47, no. 10 (October 1998): 1217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0495(98)90326-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Sehl, Anthony, Leslie Couëdelo, Ikram Chamekh-Coelho, Carole Vaysse, and Maud Cansell. "In vitrolipolysis and lymphatic absorption ofn-3 long-chain PUFA in the rat: influence of the molecular lipid species as carrier." British Journal of Nutrition 122, no. 6 (June 24, 2019): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114519001491.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the bioavailability of fatty acids (FA), focusing onn-3 long-chain (LC) PUFA, carried by different molecular lipid species, that is, phospholipids (PL) or TAG, with three formulations based on fish oils or marine PL, providing a similarn-3 LC PUFA amount. The digestive lipolysis was first assessed using anin vitroenzymatic model. Then, intestinal absorption and enterocyte metabolism were investigatedin vivo, on male Wistar rats through lymph lipid analysis. Thein vitroresults showed that the release ofn-3 LC PUFA from lipolysis was increased by 48 % when FA were provided as PL rather than TAG. Thein vivoresults demonstrated that EPA and DHA from both TAG and PL were similarly absorbed and incorporated into lymph lipids. However, DHA was mainly distributed at thesn-1/3 positions of lymph TAG when provided as marine PL, whereas it was equally distributed at the three positions with marine TAG. On the whole, even if the molecular lipid species ofn-3 LC PUFA did not greatly modify thein vivodigestion and absorption steps, it modulated the rearrangement of DHA on the glyceride positions of the lymph TAG, which may further impact the DHA metabolic fate and tissue accretion. Consequently, the present study has provided data which may be used to formulate lipid diets rich in DHA in the context of an insufficient consumption ofn-3 PUFA in Western countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Kulyashov, Mikhail, Sergey E. Peltek, and Ilya R. Akberdin. "A Genome-Scale Metabolic Model of 2,3-Butanediol Production by Thermophilic Bacteria Geobacillus icigianus." Microorganisms 8, no. 7 (July 4, 2020): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8071002.

Full text

Abstract:

The thermophilic strain of the genus Geobacillus, Geobacillus icigianus is a promising bacterial chassis for a wide range of biotechnological applications. In this study, we explored the metabolic potential of Geobacillus icigianus for the production of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BTD), one of the cost-effective commodity chemicals. Here we present a genome-scale metabolic model iMK1321 for Geobacillus icigianus constructed using an auto-generating pipeline with consequent thorough manual curation. The model contains 1321 genes and includes 1676 reactions and 1589 metabolites, representing the most-complete and publicly available model of the genus Geobacillus. The developed model provides new insights into thermophilic bacterial metabolism and highlights new strategies for biotechnological applications of the strain. Our analysis suggests that Geobacillus icigianus has a potential for 2,3-butanediol production from a variety of utilized carbon sources, including glycerine, a common byproduct of biofuel production. We identified a set of solutions for enhancing 2,3-BTD production, including cultivation under anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions and decreasing the TCA flux to succinate via reducing citrate synthase activity. Both in silico predicted metabolic alternatives have been previously experimentally verified for closely related strains including the genus Bacillus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Lauer, Anna Andrea, Lea Victoria Griebsch, Sabrina Melanie Pilz, Daniel Janitschke, Elena Leoni Theiss, Jörg Reichrath, Christian Herr, et al. "Impact of Vitamin D3 Deficiency on Phosphatidylcholine-/Ethanolamine, Plasmalogen-, Lyso-Phosphatidylcholine-/Ethanolamine, Carnitine- and Triacyl Glyceride-Homeostasis in Neuroblastoma Cells and Murine Brain." Biomolecules 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111699.

Full text

Abstract:

Vitamin D3 hypovitaminosis is associated with several neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis but also with other diseases such as cancer, diabetes or diseases linked to inflammatory processes. Importantly, in all of these diseases lipids have at least a disease modifying effect. Besides its well-known property to modulate gene-expression via the VDR-receptor, less is known if vitamin D hypovitaminosis influences lipid homeostasis and if these potential changes contribute to the pathology of the diseases themselves. Therefore, we analyzed mouse brain with a mild vitamin D hypovitaminosis via a targeted shotgun lipidomic approach, including phosphatidylcholine, plasmalogens, lyso-phosphatidylcholine, (acyl-/acetyl-) carnitines and triglycerides. Alterations were compared with neuroblastoma cells cultivated in the presence and with decreased levels of vitamin D. Both in cell culture and in vivo, decreased vitamin D level resulted in changed lipid levels. While triglycerides were decreased, carnitines were increased under vitamin D hypovitaminosis suggesting an impact of vitamin D on energy metabolism. Additionally, lyso-phosphatidylcholines in particular saturated phosphatidylcholine (e.g., PC aa 48:0) and plasmalogen species (e.g., PC ae 42:0) tended to be increased. Our results suggest that vitamin D hypovitaminosis not only may affect gene expression but also may directly influence cellular lipid homeostasis and affect lipid turnover in disease states that are known for vitamin D hypovitaminosis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Eltamany, Enas E., Sameh S. Elhady, Marwa S. Goda, Omar M. Aly, Eman S. Habib, Amany K. Ibrahim, Hashim A. Hassanean, Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen, Martin K. Safo, and Safwat A. Ahmed. "Chemical Composition of the Red Sea Green Algae Ulva lactuca: Isolation and In Silico Studies of New Anti-COVID-19 Ceramides." Metabolites 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11120816.

Full text

Abstract:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the ongoing pandemic which has claimed the lives of millions of people. This has prompted the scientific research community to act to find treatments against the SARS-CoV-2 virus that include safe antiviral medicinal compounds. The edible green algae U. lactuca. is known to exhibit diverse biological activities such as anti-influenza virus, anti-Japanese encephalitis virus, immunomodulatory, anticoagulant, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Herein, four new ceramides in addition to two known ones were isolated from Ulva lactuca. The isolated ceramides, including Cer-1, Cer-2, Cer-3, Cer-4, Cer-5 and Cer-6 showed promising antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 when investigated using in silico approaches by preventing its attachment to human cells and/or inhibiting its viral replication. Cer-4 and Cer-5 were the most effective in inhibiting the human angiotensin converting enzyme (hACE)–spike protein complex which is essential for the virus to enter the human host. In addition to this, Cer-4 also showed an inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 protease (Mpro) that is responsible for its viral replication and transcription. In this study, we also used liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectroscopy (LC-ESI-HRMS) to identify several metabolites of U. lactuca, including metabolites such as fatty acids, their glyceride derivatives, terpenoids, sterols and oxysterols from the organic extract. Some of these metabolites also possessed promising antiviral activity, as previously reported.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Scheufler, Kai-Michael, Joachim Drevs, Vera van Velthoven, Petra Reusch, Joachim Klisch, Helmut G. Augustin, Josef Zentner, and Dieter Marme. "Implications of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, sFlt-1, and sTie-2 in Plasma, Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid during Cerebral Ischemia in Man." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 23, no. 1 (January 2003): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wcb.0000037547.46809.83.

Full text

Abstract:

The relation between cerebral ischemia and local release of angiogenic factors was investigated after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in humans. Time-dependent concentration-changes of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), sFlt-1 and sTie-2 extracted from plasma, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (ventricular, cisternal, and lumbar) were analyzed in 15 patients surgically treated for ruptured aneurysms of the anterior circulation (Hunt and Hess grades I-V). Data were related to brain Po2 (Pbro2) and cerebral energy metabolites (extracellular lactate, pyruvate, glutamate, and glycerin concentrations) as well as clinical and radiologic reference data. Delayed impairment of cerebral perfusion secondary to progressive microcirculatory alterations was associated with reduced local Pbro2 and energy metabolism (increased lactate-pyruvate ratio, glutamate and glycerine levels). Elevated serum/plasma and CSF concentrations of VEGF, sFlt-1, and sTie-2 matched the scale of ischemic tissue hypoxia. Excessive VEGF/sFlt-1 and sTie-2 levels were related to Pbro2 values consistently less than 5 mm Hg, glutamate concentrations greater than 300 μmol/L, lactate-pyruvate ratio greater than 300, cerebral infarction, and reduced outcome ( P < 0.01). Delayed microcirculatory impairment was mirrored by distinct elevation of cisternal and arterial VEGF and sFlt-1 concentrations, suggesting local induction of angiogenesis. Arterial levels of VEGF, sFlt-1, and sTie-2 reflect both extent and time course of compensatory, yet clinically inefficient, angiogenesis in the absence of general hypoxia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Klipsic, Devon, Danilo Landrock, Gregory G. Martin, Avery L. McIntosh, Kerstin K. Landrock, John T. Mackie, Friedhelm Schroeder, and Ann B. Kier. "Impact of SCP-2/SCP-x gene ablation and dietary cholesterol on hepatic lipid accumulation." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 309, no. 5 (September 1, 2015): G387—G399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00460.2014.

Full text

Abstract:

While a high-cholesterol diet induces hepatic steatosis, the role of intracellular sterol carrier protein-2/sterol carrier protein-x (SCP-2/SCP-x) proteins is unknown. We hypothesized that ablating SCP-2/SCP-x [double knockout (DKO)] would impact hepatic lipids (cholesterol and cholesteryl ester), especially in high-cholesterol-fed mice. DKO did not alter food consumption, and body weight (BW) gain decreased especially in females, concomitant with hepatic steatosis in females and less so in males. DKO-induced steatosis in control-fed wild-type (WT) mice was associated with 1) loss of SCP-2; 2) upregulation of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP); 3) increased mRNA and/or protein levels of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP1 and SREBP2) as well as increased expression of target genes of cholesterol synthesis ( Hmgcs1 and Hmgcr) and fatty acid synthesis ( Acc1 and Fas); and 4) cholesteryl ester accumulation was also associated with increased acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT2) in males. DKO exacerbated the high-cholesterol diet-induced hepatic cholesterol and glyceride accumulation, without further increasing SREBP1, SREBP2, or target genes. This exacerbation was associated both with loss of SCP-2 and concomitant downregulation of Ceh/Hsl, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), MTP, and/or L-FABP protein expression. DKO diminished the ability to secrete excess cholesterol into bile and oxidize cholesterol to bile acid for biliary excretion, especially in females. This suggested that SCP-2/SCP-x affects cholesterol transport to particular intracellular compartments, with ablation resulting in less to the endoplasmic reticulum for SREBP regulation, making more available for cholesteryl ester synthesis, for cholesteryl-ester storage in lipid droplets, and for bile salt synthesis and/or secretion. These alterations are significant findings, since they affect key processes in regulation of sterol metabolism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Perakakis, Nikolaos, Konstantinos Stefanakis, Michael Feigh, Sanne S. Veidal, and Christos S. Mantzoros. "Both Elafibranor and Liraglutide Improve NAFLD / NASH but Affect Differentially the Hepatic Lipidome and Metabolome in a Diet-Induced Obese and Biopsy-Confirmed Mouse Model of NASH." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A314—A315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.642.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Treatment of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes an unmet clinical need owing to the relatively limited efficacy of both novel and readily available metabolic medications, thus warranting pathobiological investigations on the mechanisms of single or combination regimens. In this context, our study aimed to assess and compare whether and how liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, and elafibranor, a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-delta agonist, may affect hepatic histology and metabolipidomic fingerprints in a model of advanced NAFLD. Male C57BL/6JRj mice with biopsy-confirmed hepatosteatosis and fibrosis induced by AMLN diet (40% fat with 20% trans-fat, 2% cholesterol and 22% fructose) were randomized to receive for 12 weeks: a) Liraglutide (0.4 mg/kg/d s.c.), b) Elafibranor (30 mg/kg/d p.o.), c) vehicle. Metabolic indices, liver function markers, liver pathology, and metabolomics/lipidomics were assessed at study completion. Both drugs markedly reduced body weight and fat percentage (p-value <0.001), and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, as indicated by oral glucose and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance tests. Hepatic lipid content was downregulated under both treatments (p-value <0.001), especially under elafibranor, which also elevated liver weight in contrast with liraglutide (p-value vs liraglutide <0.001). NAFLD activity score (pre-to-post) and its histological components were substantially improved (mean difference ± standard error of mean: -1.4 ± 0.3 for liraglutide; -2.0 ± 0.2 for elafibranor), with elafibranor demonstrating a more robust anti-steatotic effect vs liralgutide (p-value <0.01) as well as anti-fibrotic effects (-0.5 ± 0.1). Liraglutide also limited the immunohistochemical expression of pro-inflammatory markers of Kupffer and hepatic stellate cell function (Galectin-3, Collagen type I alpha 1, and alpha-smooth muscle actin). In the omics analysis, elafibranor profoundly ameliorated the hepatic lipidome by diminishing the concentrations of glyceride species, increasing phospholipids and carnitine metabolites, and modifying key regulators of fatty acid oxidation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, including metabolites of methionine, glutathione, and pantothenate. Liraglutide significantly affected bile acid and carbohydrate metabolism by restoring the concentrations of metabolically beneficial primary and secondary bile acids, glycogen metabolism by-products, and pentoses, thus probably driving glycogen utilization-turnover and nucleic acid synthesis. Thus, liraglutide and elafibranor diverge in their mechanistic treatment of advanced NAFLD pathology, indicated by their robust but differential regulation of the hepatic metabolipidome. These findings support their combinatory therapeutic evaluation in future studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Glycerides Metabolism'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles