Journal articles on the topic 'Gluteal muscles'
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Diachkova, G. V., Yu Zeynalov, M. A. Korabel’nikov, K. A. Diachkov, T. A. Larionova, and I. V. Sutyagin. "Multislice Computed Tomography in Diagnosing Changes in the Gluteal Muscles of Patients with Scoliosis at Different Ages and with Different Magnitudes of Deformation Before Treatment." Journal of radiology and nuclear medicine 101, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20862/0042-4676-2020-101-3-147-154.
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Objective. To study the gluteal muscles in patients with scoliosis of various etiologies using multislice computed tomography (MSCT).Material and methods. MSCT was first used to study the gluteal muscles of 27 patients with idiopathic scoliosis. The patients were examined to study the vertebral column in order to determine a method and tactics for scoliosis treatment. The muscles were additionally examined using workstations and programs for MSCT data processing. In a control group of 18 patients with no clinical manifestations of spinal and hip joint abnormalities or those detected on CT, their gluteal muscles were examined due to their pelvic organ diseases.Results. Patients younger than 18 years of age who had spinal deformations of not more than 60 degrees had muscle changes as moderate hypotrophy, increased density, especially that of the gluteus medius muscle to 62.01 ± 7.20 HU. In patients over 18 years of age, the muscle density decreased at any magnitude of deformation and was the smaller the older patients were. In patients with spinal deformation greater than 90 degrees, the density of the gluteus maximus muscle on the convex side was significantly different from that on the concave side and was less on the concave side (p <0.05) than in those with a deformation of 60–90 degrees.Conclusion. The results showed that in patients with scoliosis, the gluteal muscles were affected not only by the magnitude of deformation, but also by age. In patients over 18 years of age, muscle changes with equal magnitudes of deformation were more pronounced and were manifested by hypotrophy, atrophy, and fatty degeneration.
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Lepley, Adam S., Allison M. Strouse, Hayley M. Ericksen, Kate R. Pfile, Phillip A. Gribble, and Brian G. Pietrosimone. "Relationship Between Gluteal Muscle Strength, Corticospinal Excitability, and Jump-Landing Biomechanics in Healthy Women." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 22, no. 4 (November 2013): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.22.4.239.
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Context:Components of gluteal neuromuscular function, such as strength and corticospinal excitability, could potentially influence alterations in lower extremity biomechanics during jump landing.Objective:To determine the relationship between gluteal muscle strength, gluteal corticospinal excitability, and jump-landing biomechanics in healthy women.Setting:University laboratory.Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Participants:37 healthy women (21.08 ± 2.15 y, 164.8 ± 5.9 cm, 65.4 ± 12.0 kg).Interventions:Bilateral gluteal strength was assessed through maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) using an isokinetic dynamometer. Strength was tested in the open chain in prone and side-lying positions for the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles, respectively. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to elicit measures of corticospinal excitability. Participants then performed 3 trials of jump landing from a 30-cm box to a distance of 50% of their height, with an immediate rebound to a maximal vertical jump. Each jump-landing trial was video recorded (2-D) and later scored for errors.Main Outcome Measures:MVICs normalized to body mass were used to assess strength in the gluteal muscles of the dominant and nondominant limbs. Corticospinal excitability was assessed by means of active motor threshold (AMT) and motor-evoked potentials (MEP) elicited at 120% of AMT. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) was used to evaluate jump-landing biomechanics.Results:A moderate, positive correlation was found between dominant gluteus maximus MEP and LESS scores (r = .562, P = .029). No other significant correlations were observed for MVIC, AMT, or MEP for the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius, regardless of limb.Conclusions:The findings suggest a moderate relationship between dominant gluteus maximus corticospinal excitability and a clinical measure of jump-landing biomechanics. Further research is required to substantiate the findings and expand our understanding of the central nervous system’s role in athletic movement.
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DeJong, Alexandra F., L. Colby Mangum, and Jay Hertel. "Ultrasound Imaging of the Gluteal Muscles During the Y-Balance Test in Individuals With or Without Chronic Ankle Instability." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-363-18.
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Context Impairments in dynamic postural control and gluteal muscle activation have been associated with the development of symptoms related to long-term injury, which are characteristic of chronic ankle instability (CAI). Ultrasound imaging (USI) provides a visual means to explore muscle thickness throughout movement; however, USI functional-activation ratios (FARs) of the gluteal muscles during dynamic balance exercises have not been investigated. Objective To determine differences in gluteus maximus and gluteus medius FARs using USI, Y-Balance Test (YBT) performance, and lower extremity kinematics in individuals with or without CAI. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Twenty adults with CAI (10 men, 10 women; age = 21.70 ± 2.32 years, height = 172.74 ± 11.28 cm, mass = 74.26 ± 15.24 kg) and 20 adults without CAI (10 men, 10 women; age = 21.20 ± 2.79 years, height = 173.18 ± 15.16 cm, mass = 70.89 ± 12.18 kg). Intervention(s) Unilateral static ultrasound images of the gluteal muscles during quiet stance and to the point of maximum YBT reach directions were obtained over 3 trials. Hip, knee, and ankle sagittal-plane kinematics were collected with motion-capture software. Main Outcome Measure(s) Gluteal thickness was normalized to quiet stance to yield FARs for each muscle in each YBT direction. We averaged normalized reach distances and obtained average peak kinematics. Independent t tests, mean differences, and Cohen d effect sizes were calculated to determine group differences for all outcome measures. Results The CAI group had anterior-reach deficits compared with the control group (mean difference = 4.37%, Cohen d = 0.77, P = .02). The CAI group demonstrated greater anterior gluteus maximus FARs than the control group (mean difference = 0.08, Cohen d = 0.57, P = .05). Conclusions The CAI group demonstrated YBT reach deficits and alterations in proximal muscle activation. Increased reliance on the gluteus maximus during dynamic conditions may contribute to distal joint dysfunction in this population.
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Kumar, Shalini, Priyanka Rana, and Shayama Kumari Razdan. "Variations in the gluteal region and its clinical significance – A cadaveric study." Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology 7, no. 4 (January 15, 2021): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcap.2020.073.
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Anatomical structures involving muscles and nerves in the gluteal region are important as any variations of Sciatic nerve (SN) and its surrounding muscles like piriformis muscle (PM) can lead to entrapment or compression of this nerve causing sciatica and piriformis syndrome. To find out variations in the gluteal region related to piriformis muscle and the nerves surrounding it. The study was done on 20 embalmed cadavers (total 40 gluteal regions) during routine cadaveric dissection. The anatomical relations of the piriformis and surrounding nerves i.e. sciatic nerve, its divisions and gluteal nerves were studied. The dissection was done on 40 gluteal regions. In 36 gluteal regions (90%) the sciatic nerve emerged below the piriformis as a single trunk. While in 4 gluteal regions (10%) there was a higher division of sciatic nerve. In one cadaver we observed an accessory piriformis muscle just inferior to the main piriformis muscle. The sciatic nerve was also dividing higher up into common peroneal nerve and tibial nerve in the gluteal region. The common peroneal nerve (CPN) was observed emerging between the main and the accessory piriformis muscle. Along with it the inferior gluteal nerves were also seen traversing between the main and the accessory piriformis muscle.Knowledge of anatomical variations in the gluteal region is important to explain the myalgia and neuropathies in this region. This knowledge is also important in performing hip surgeries and giving intramuscular injections in the gluteal region.
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Pavlova, V., R. Paskaleva, and V. Ivanova. "EFFECT OF THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ON THE STRENGTH ENDURANCE OF ABDOMINAL, TRUNK AND GLUTEAL MUSCLES." Trakia Journal of Sciences 18, Suppl.1 (2020): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.s.01.033.
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PURPOSE. The objective of this study is to investigate the static strength endurance of abdominal, trunk and gluteal muscles both in physically active and physically inactive overweight children. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The object of study are 104 children aged 5-6 years in the period 2017-2018 on the territory of the town of Stara Zagora. To investigate the motor activity of children the survey method was used. To determine efficiency of trunk, abdominal and gluteal muscles modified Kraus-Weber test was used according to V. Zhelev, L. Venova. RESULTS. Weaker abdominal and trunk muscles were found in physically inactive children with no statistically significant differences (Р>0.05) between physically active and physically inactive ones. However, the results show the presence of statistically significant differences (P=0.01) of the mean values for the static strength endurance of gluteal muscles in physically active children 13,9±8,6 sec. and physically inactive children 10,3±9,4 sec. with the latter having weaker gluteal muscles, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. Further studies are needed to establish the relationship between the increased body mass of children and the strength endurance of abdominal, trunk and gluteal muscles of physically active and physically inactive children as an indicator counteracting total muscle hypotonia.
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Oliver, Gretchen D., Audrey Stone, and Jessica Washington. "Hamstring and Gluteal Muscle Activation During the Assessment of Dynamic Movements." International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 21, no. 4 (July 2016): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2015-0050.
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Recently, sports medicine professionals have shown interest in using dynamic movement assessments to help identify biomechanical risk factors for musculoskeletal injury. Thus the purpose of this study was to propose two movements (single leg step down and single leg lateral hop) that could predict injury and determine if these proposed movements elicited muscle activation of the hamstrings and gluteals. Surface electromyography was employed and muscle activations of the hamstrings and gluteus medius muscles were classified as strong during both the single leg step down (SLSD) and single leg lateral hop (SLLH). Both the hamstrings and gluteus medius muscles are associated with musculoskeletal injury. The SLSD and SLLH cause significantly high muscle activation of both these muscle groups and should be considered for use in dynamic movement assessments.
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Lin, Cindy Y., Liang-Ching Tsai, Joel Press, Yupeng Ren, Sun G. Chung, and Li-Qun Zhang. "Lower-Limb Muscle-Activation Patterns During Off-Axis Elliptical Compared With Conventional Gluteal-Muscle-Strengthening Exercises." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 25, no. 2 (May 2016): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2014-0307.
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Context:Gluteal-muscle strength has been identified as an important component of injury prevention and rehabilitation in several common knee injuries. However, many conventionally prescribed gluteal-strengthening exercises are not performed during dynamic weight-bearing activities, which is when most injuries occur.Objectives:To compare lower-limb muscle-activation patterns between conventional gluteal-strengthening exercises and off-axis elliptical exercises with motorized foot-plate perturbations designed to activate gluteal muscles during dynamic exercise.Evidence Acquisition:Twelve healthy volunteers (26.1 ± 4.7 y) participated in the study. They performed 3 conventional exercises (single-leg squat, forward lunge, and clamshell) and 3 elliptical exercises (regular, while resisting an adduction force, and while resisting an internal-rotation torque). Gluteus medius (GMed) and maximus (GMax), quadriceps, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius muscle activations during each exercise were recorded using surface electromyography (EMG) and normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC).Evidence Synthesis:Normalized GMed EMG was the highest during the adduction-resistance elliptical exercise (22.4% ± 14.8% MVIC), significantly greater than forward lunge (8.2% ± 3.8% MVIC) and regular elliptical (6.4% ± 2.5% MVIC) and similar to clamshell (19.1% ± 8.8% MVIC) and single-leg squat (18.4% ± 7.9% MVIC). Normalized GMax EMG during adduction-resistance (11.1% ± 7.6% MVIC) and internal-rotation-resistance elliptical (7.4% ± 3.8% MVIC) was significantly greater than regular elliptical (4.4% ± 2.4% MVIC) and was similar to conventional exercises. The single-leg squat required more muscle activation from the quadriceps and gastrocnemius than the elliptical exercises.Conclusions:Off-axis elliptical exercise while resisting an adduction force or internal-rotation torque activates gluteal muscles dynamically while avoiding excessive quadriceps activation during a functional weight-bearing activity compared with conventional gluteal-strengthening exercises.
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Soares, Nayane Peixoto, Vanessa de Souza Vieira, Dayane Kelly S. Pereira, Fabiano Campos Lima, Eugênio Gonçalves Araújo, and Kleber Fernando Pereira. "Comparative anatomy of the gluteal muscles of Sapajus libidinosus 1." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, no. 11 (November 2016): 1127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016001100012.
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ABSTRACT: New World primates Sapajus sp. unexpectedly display cognitive aspects, tool use, social behavior, memory and anatomical aspects similar to Old World primates, such as chimpanzees and baboons. Convergent evolutionary aspects must have occurred between Sapajus and Old World primates and should be verified not only in terms of behavior analysis, but also of anatomical structure. The pelvic region can provide data for evolutionary verification trends, since taking standing position is one of the characteristics associated to the use of tools by early humans and pongids. We used eight specimens of Sapajus libidinosus to describe the deep muscular structure of the pelvis. Unlike humans, the gluteus medius muscle in S. libidinosus is completely covered by the gluteus maximus and elongated as compared to humans and chimpanzees, putatively by the elongated pelvis of S. libidinosus. Considering origin and insertion, the gluteus maximus muscle resembles more its counterpart in baboons than in humans and chimpanzees, since this muscle in baboons is associated to semibiped posture and to the tail. Gluteus minimum, piriformis, superior gemellus, internal shutter, gemellus and lower square muscles are positioned in this order in relation to the cranial-caudal axis, with all of its tendons converging for a common insertion in the greater trochanter. The muscles of the gluteal region of S. libidinosus are similar to the baboon, especially regarding the gluteus maximus, which points to the evolutionary kinship of these animals.
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Chyndyn-ool, E. S., V. V. Pavlov, and A. G. Samokhin. "Extension-abduction contracture of the hip joint as a consequence of gluteal fibrosis." Genij Ortopedii 27, no. 5 (October 2021): 658–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2021-27-5-658-668.
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Abstract. Introduction The disease that is manifested by primarily induced fibrotic changes in the gluteal muscles resulting in hip contractures and, in particular, in extension-abduction contracture of the hip joints has been known in the English literature as the “gluteal muscle contracture” and “gluteal fibrosis”. The world literature on the subject covers this pathology mostly in pediatric and adolescent patients, whereas this disease has not been sufficiently discussed in the adult patients, even in foreign studies. Therefore, diagnostic methods, methods of examination and treatment of adult patients have not been systematized and this nosology presents certain clinical and diagnostic difficulties for many domestic orthopedists. Materials and methods We searched the PubMed and eLibrary systems for studies on the topic and used combinations of key words “gluteus muscle contracture”, “gluteal fibrosis”, “gluteus maximus contracture”, “abduction contracture of the hip”, ”extension-abduction contracture of the hip”, “aplasia of gluteal muscles” published from October 1974 to February 2020 and found a total of 106 results. The first publication coincides with the date of the initial search period. The criteria for including studies in the analysis were a discussion of the issues of etiology and pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation, and approaches to the treatment of this pathology. We excluded articles related to the installation of gluteal implants and other pathology of the gluteal region, so the number of articles decreased to 67, what means little investigation of this problem. Results Our analysis showed that out of 67 articles, only 9 articles were related to issues of etiology and pathogenesis, five articles dealt with epidemiology, 15 dealt with diagnostic criteria, treatment options were described in 12 articles, and the majority of publications focused on the results of surgical treatment of clinical samples including 1-2 to 1280 cases. In the context of the 50-year-old depth of the literature search, the analysis indicates the fragmentation of the material devoted to the gluteal muscle fibrosis published over this period of time, which requires the systematization and generalization of the literature data accumulated to date. Conclusion Gluteal fibrosis is a rare independent disease, which is prevalent among certain ethnic groups. The extension-abduction contracture of the hip joint develops due to gluteal fibrosis, the clinical picture of which has been very well documented and has specific radiological signs. Surgical treatment methods vary, from open to endoscopic treatments and minimally invasive techniques. Since the main group of patients described in the literature is children and adolescents and the surgical methods used are discussed for these age groups, treatment methods and their efficacy for adult patients have been little reported. Therefore solution making is difficult for patients older than 18 years. It primarily refers to providing specialized orthopedic care in places where ethnic groups with this pathology reside.
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Senos, R., and H. Benedicto. "Gluteal nerves in Crab-eating fox." Journal of Morphological Sciences 31, no. 04 (October 2014): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.078314.
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Abstract Introduction: The Crab-eating fox is a medium-sized South American canid. Although there are several studies regarding this species, especially in epidemiology and parasitology studies, only few data regarding the morphology has been reported. The aim of our study was to describe the gluteal nerves of the Crab-eating fox and compare them with the domestic dogs for homology concerns and surgical application. Materials and Methods: We used four pelvic limbs of Crab-eating foxes fixed with 10% formalin and injected with red neoprene latex. Muscles, arteries and nerves were anatomically dissected. Results: The Cranial gluteal nerve supplied the Middle gluteal, Deep gluteal and Tensor Fasciae Latae muscles, while the Caudal gluteal nerve supplied the Middle Gluteal, Superficial Gluteal, Pirirformis, Gemilli and Coccygeus muscles. Conclusions: Our results presented a variable relation between muscles and nerve supplies between the Crab-eating fox and the domestic dogs. The indings also suggested morphological differentiation in lumbosacral plexus during canids species evolution. Finally, for surgical approaches to hip joint and pelvis, the domestic dog can be used as model for the Crab-eating fox.
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Raza, Haroon, Hafiz Rana Muhammad Arslan, Ambreen Iqbal, Muhammad Faizan Hamid, Asna Waseem, and Sana Manzoor. "Comparison of Gluteal Muscle Strengthening versus Conventional Isometrics in Pain Management of Piriformis Syndrome." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 2963–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115112963.
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Aim: To analyze the effectiveness of gluteal muscles strengthening in piriformis syndrome. Study design: Experimental study Place and duration of study: Department of Physiotherapy, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 1st February 2019 to 31st July 2019. Methodology: Fifty patients presenting with piriformis syndrome were enrolled. They were divided in two groups. Control group received piriformis stretching, ultrasound and conventional isometrics. Experimental group received piriformis stretching, ultrasound and a gluteal strengthening program. The baseline parameters were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Manual Muscle Testing (MMT). Patients were treated for 40 minutes 3 times a week for 4weeks. Results: Reduction in intensity of pain as well as improvement in ROM was seen in both groups. There was significant improvement in lateral rotation of hip in experimental group, and as piriformis is also a lateral rotator of hip joint, hence improvement in range of lateral rotation shows that a gluteal strengthening program has significant in increasing ROM of joint. There was significant improvement in MMT grade of gluteal muscles comparatively in the experimental group. Conclusion: Experimental group showed improvements in decreasing pain and improvements in strength, with a significant improvement in lateral rotation shows that gluteal strengthening program can be used to treat pts with piriformis syndrome. Key words: Manual Muscle Testing, Visual analog scale
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Schuermans, Joke, Lieven Danneels, Damien Van Tiggelen, Tanneke Palmans, and Erik Witvrouw. "Proximal Neuromuscular Control Protects Against Hamstring Injuries in Male Soccer Players: A Prospective Study With Electromyography Time-Series Analysis During Maximal Sprinting." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 6 (March 1, 2017): 1315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516687750.
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Background: With their unremittingly high incidence rate and detrimental functional repercussions, hamstring injuries remain a substantial problem in male soccer. Proximal neuromuscular control (“core stability”) is considered to be of key importance in primary and secondary hamstring injury prevention, although scientific evidence and insights on the exact nature of the core-hamstring association are nonexistent at present. Hypothesis: The muscle activation pattern throughout the running cycle would not differ between participants based on injury occurrence during follow-up. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Sixty amateur soccer players participated in a multimuscle surface electromyography (sEMG) assessment during maximal acceleration to full-speed sprinting. Subsequently, hamstring injury occurrence was registered during a 1.5-season follow-up period. Hamstring, gluteal, and trunk muscle activity time series during the airborne and stance phases of acceleration were evaluated and statistically explored for a possible causal association with injury occurrence and absence from sport during follow-up. Results: Players who did not experience a hamstring injury during follow-up had significantly higher amounts of gluteal muscle activity during the front swing phase ( P = .027) and higher amounts of trunk muscle activity during the backswing phase of sprinting ( P = .042). In particular, the risk of sustaining a hamstring injury during follow-up lowered by 20% and 6%, with a 10% increment in normalized muscle activity of the gluteus maximus during the front swing and the trunk muscles during the backswing, respectively ( P < .024). Conclusion: Muscle activity of the core unit during explosive running appeared to be associated with hamstring injury occurrence in male soccer players. Higher amounts of gluteal and trunk muscle activity during the airborne phases of sprinting were associated with a lower risk of hamstring injuries during follow-up. Hence, the present results provide a basis for improved, evidence-based rehabilitation and prevention, particularly focusing on increasing neuromuscular control of the gluteal and trunk muscles during sport-specific activities (eg, sprint drills, agility drills).
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MERT, HANDAN, SERKAN YİLDİRİM, IBRAHİM HAKKİ YORUK, KİVANC IRAK, BAHAT COMBA, NİHAT MERT, NESRULLAH AYSİN, and ARZU COMBA. "Retinol, α-tocopherol and vitamin D3 in White MuscleDisease." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 74, no. 1 (2018): 6027–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6027.
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Vitamins are essential for the health of all living organisms. Vitamins E, A, D and K are known as fat-soluble vitamins, and deprivation of vitamin E causes various disorders, especially in the reproduction and cardiovascular systems and in muscle functions. Vitamin A, on the other hand, has roles in various biological functions – like eyesight – and the growth, reproduction and differentiation of epithelial cells. Vitamin A deficiency leads to the keratinization of the epithelium, and disorders related to the metaplasies of the genital and genitourinary systems. Conversely, vitamin D is defined as a pro-hormone and is responsible for Cahomeostasis, and thus indirectly affects the bone metabolism, bone structure, and cellular and neural functions of Ca. White muscle disease (WMD) can occur in newborn lambs, but is more commonly seen in lambs of up to 3 months of age. In this study, 30 lambs of 3 to 50-days-old from different flocks diagnosed with White Muscle Disease (WMD) were selected as research material, while the control group consisted of 8 healthy lambs. With the aim of clarifying the cause of WMD, serum fat-soluble vitamins, retinol, α-tocopherol and vitamin D3 levels were determined in 16 lambs. Gluteal and heart musclet issue samples also were taken from 30 lambs with WMD. The vitamin levels of the samples were analysed by HPLC. The levels of serum α-tocopherol, retinols, and vitamin D3 were foundto be low in the diseased animals, but only retinol (p<0.001) and α-tocopherol (p<0.0011) level differences were statistically relevant. Macroscopically, Zenker’s necrosis was determined in the heart muscles of 17 lambs, and in the gluteal and chest muscles of 6 lambs. 7 lambs displayed necrosis in both their heart and in gluteal muscles. The samples were analyzed microscopically to reach similar findings: swollen homogeneous pink muscles, pycnotic nuclei, and hyperaemic and haemorrhagic blood vessels in gluteal, chest and heart muscles. Hyaline degeneration and Zenker's necrosis, dystrophic regions in necrotic areas, cc was detected as a severe disease in lambs at an early stage of life with advanced degeneration in different muscle tissues. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins was also detected in the sick animals. Control group lambs had higher levels of α tocopherol and retinol (p<0.001) compared to the sick lambs. .
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MERT, HANDAN, SERKAN YİLDİRİM, IBRAHİM HAKKİ YORUK, KİVANC IRAK, BAHAT COMBA, NİHAT MERT, NESRULLAH AYSİN, and ARZU COMBA. "Retinol, α-Tocopherol and Vitamin D3 in White MuscleDisease." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 74, no. 1 (2018): 6029–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6029.
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Vitamins are essential for the health of all living organisms. Vitamins E, A, D and K are known as fat-soluble vitamins, and deprivation of vitamin E causes various disorders, especially in the reproduction and cardiovascular systems and in muscle functions. Vitamin A, on the other hand, has roles in various biological functions – like eyesight – and the growth, reproduction and differentiation of epithelial cells. Vitamin A deficiency leads to the keratinization of the epithelium, and disorders related to the metaplasies of the genital and genitourinary systems. Conversely, vitamin D is defined as a pro-hormone and is responsible for Cahomeostasis, and thus indirectly affects the bone metabolism, bone structure, and cellular and neural functions of Ca. White muscle disease (WMD) can occur in newborn lambs, but is more commonly seen in lambs of up to 3 months of age. In this study, 30 lambs of 3 to 50-days-old from different flocks diagnosed with White Muscle Disease (WMD) were selected as research material, while the control group consisted of 8 healthy lambs. With the aim of clarifying the cause of WMD, serum fat-soluble vitamins, retinol, α-tocopherol and vitamin D3 levels were determined in 16 lambs. Gluteal and heart musclet issue samples also were taken from 30 lambs with WMD. The vitamin levels of the samples were analysed by HPLC. The levels of serum α-tocopherol, retinols, and vitamin D3 were foundto be low in the diseased animals, but only retinol (p<0.001) and α-tocopherol (p<0.0011) level differences were statistically relevant. Macroscopically, Zenker’s necrosis was determined in the heart muscles of 17 lambs, and in the gluteal and chest muscles of 6 lambs. 7 lambs displayed necrosis in both their heart and in gluteal muscles. The samples were analyzed microscopically to reach similar findings: swollen homogeneous pink muscles, pycnotic nuclei, and hyperaemic and haemorrhagic blood vessels in gluteal, chest and heart muscles. Hyaline degeneration and Zenker's necrosis, dystrophic regions in necrotic areas, cc was detected as a severe disease in lambs at an early stage of life with advanced degeneration in different muscle tissues. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins was also detected in the sick animals. Control group lambs had higher levels of α tocopherol and retinol (p<0.001) compared to the sick lambs. .
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Taudorf, Mikkel, Michael B. Nielsen, Torben V. Schroeder, Lars Lönn, and Henning B. Nielsen. "Endovascular aortic repair reduces gluteal oxygenation." Acta Radiologica Open 8, no. 5 (May 2019): 205846011985011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058460119850115.
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Background Provoked gluteal claudication is a known risk after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). Lowered gluteal muscle oxygenation (SgmO2) may be demonstrated by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Purpose To evaluate NIRS-determined SgmO2 in EVAR patients. Material and Methods NIRS-determined SgmO2 was used in an observational study design (n = 17). From the ambulatory setting, seven EVAR patients were included with reported gluteal claudication from medical records. In 10 patients scheduled for EVAR, SgmO2 was measured before and after the procedure. NIRS sensors were applied bilaterally on the gluteal region. Treadmill walking (12% incline, 2.4 km/h) was introduced to stress gluteal muscles. Results A reduced SgmO2 with regional side difference ( P < 0.05) was noted in all 10 patients following EVAR and four reported gluteal claudication. In patients with gluteal claudication (n = 7), treadmill decreased SgmO2. The time to recover the SgmO2 was prolonged for tissue exposed to occluded hypogastric artery (median = 512 s, range = 73–1207 s vs. median = 137, range = 0–643 s; P = 0.046). Conclusions EVAR affects gluteal muscle oxygenation. NIRS could be used to assess whether gluteal claudication is related to lowered SgmO2.
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Pietraszewski, Przemysław, Artur Gołaś, Aleksander Matusiński, Sylwia Mrzygłód, Aleksandra Mostowik, and Adam Maszczyk. "Muscle Activity Asymmetry of the Lower Limbs During Sprinting in Elite Soccer Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 75, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2020-0049.
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Abstract The analysis of movement patterns through EMG activity provides the opportunity to identify the muscle groups most involved in a particular exercise, and to determine the scope of inter-limb deficiencies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a side-to-side muscle activity asymmetry between the left and the right lower limb during sprinting in soccer players. Sixteen professional soccer players took part in the study. Their age, body mass and body height equaled 23.7 ± 7.6 years, 81.2 ± 10.8 kg and 179.3 ± 12.2 cm, respectively. The sprint test consisted of two maximal sprints over 30 m with a 5-min rest interval between each sprint. EMG was recorded bilaterally from the quadriceps, hamstrings and gluteal muscles. Regression analysis revealed a significant effect of a side-to-side average muscle activity asymmetry between the left and right hamstring (LH/RH) muscles during the speed tests at 5 m (p = 0.044), and 30 m (p = 0.045), as well as the left and right glutes (LG/RG) at 5 m (p = 0.044) and 30 m (p = 0.043). Our results indicate that hamstring and glute muscles should be selectively and additionally activated during resistance training in soccer players to prevent injuries and improve sprint performance.
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Kędzia, Alicja, Krzysztof Dudek, Marcin Ziajkiewicz, Michal Wolanczyk, Anna Seredyn, Wojciech Derkowski, and Zygmunt Antoni Domagala. "The morphometrical and topographical evaluation of the superior gluteal nerve in the prenatal period." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 26, 2022): e0273397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273397.
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Introduction Advances in medical science are helping to break down the barriers to surgery. In the near future, neonatal or in utero operations will become the standard for the treatment of defects in the human motor system. In order to carry out such procedures properly, detailed knowledge of fetal anatomy is necessary. It must be presented in an attractive way not only for anatomists but also for potential clinicians who will use this knowledge in contact with young patients. This work responds to this demand and presents the anatomy of the superior gluteal nerve in human fetuses in an innovative way. The aim of this work is to determine the topography and morphometry of the superior gluteal nerve in the prenatal period. We chose the superior gluteal nerve as the object of our study because of its clinical significance—for the practice of planning and carrying out hip surgery and when performing intramuscular injections. Material and methods The study was carried out on 40 human fetuses (20 females and 20 males) aged from 15 to 29 weeks (total body length v-pl from 130 to 345 mm). Following methods were used: anthropological, preparatory, image acquisition with a digital camera, computer measurement system Scion for Windows 4.0.3.2 Alpha and Image J (accuracy up to 0.01 mm without damaging the unique fetal material) and statistical methods. Results The superior gluteal nerve innervates three physiologically significant muscles of the lower limb’s girdle: gluteus medius muscle, gluteus minimus muscle and tensor fasciae latae muscle. In this study the width of the main trunk of the nerve supplying each of these three muscles was measured and the position of the nerve after leaving the suprapiriform foramen was observed. A unique typology of the distribution of branches of the examined nerve has been created. The bushy and tree forms were distinguished. There was no correlation between the occurrence of tree and bushy forms with the body side (p > 0.05), but it was shown that the frequency of the occurrence of the bushy form in male fetuses is significantly higher than in female fetuses (p < 0.01). Proportional and symmetrical nerve growth dynamics were confirmed and no statistically significant sexual dimorphism was demonstrated (p > 0.05). Conclusions The anatomy of the superior gluteal nerve during prenatal period has been determined. We have identified two morphological forms of it. We have observed no differences between right and left superior gluteal nerve and no sexual dimorphism. The demonstrated high variability of terminal branches of the examined nerve indicates the risk of neurological complications in the case of too deep intramuscular injections and limits the range of potential surgical interventions in the gluteal region. The above research may be of practical importance, for example for hip surgery.
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Li, Xihua, Jing Zhang, Xuee Cui, Lei Zhao, Pinquan Shen, and Li Zhao. "CONGENITAL NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE WITH UNIFORM TYPE-1 FIBERS SIMULTANEOUSLY PRESENTING GLUTEAL MUSCLES CONTRACTURE AND BRAIN ATROPHY: A CASE REPORT." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 13, no. 04 (December 2010): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957710002624.
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We report the clinical presentation and pathological findings of congenital neuromuscular disease with uniform type-1 fibers presenting on an 11-year-old girl with the clinical diagnosis of unilateral (right-side) gluteal contracture and brain atrophy. CT image showed that right gluteus maximus muscle was atrophic. Brain MRI showed mild bilateral ventricular dilation and widening of the lateral fissure. A biopsy of quadriceps muscle revealed only uniformity of type-1 fibers with the absence of cores, and mild decrease of activity on oxidative enzyme staining. Although the exact cause of congenital gluteal muscle contracture is still not clear, we presume that the congenital gluteal muscle contracture may be caused by the neuromuscular disease with uniform type-1 fibers and this is the first case report of neuromuscular disease with uniform type-1 fibers complicated with brain atrophy in China.
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Vagin, Malysheva, and Samofalova. "FEATURES OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF TRICHINELLA LARVAE IN THE MUSCLES OF SPONTANEOUSLY INFECTED RED FOXES (VULPES VULPES)." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 23 (April 18, 2022): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-9-9.2022.23.107-111.
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The issues related to the distribution of trichinella larvae in various groups of skeletal muscles of animals are quite relevant, as they are of great importance for the diagnosis of trichinosis. There is a lot of contradictory information in scientific papers about the distribution of trichinella larvae in the muscles of spontaneously infected predatory mammals. The purpose of our research was to study the distribution of trichinella larvae in various skeletal muscle groups in spontaneously infected red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Detection of trichinella larvae was carried out by compressor trichinelloscopy and by the method of digesting muscle tissue in artificial gastric juice. Capsule-forming trichinella (Trichinella spp.) were found in animal muscles. The most intensively affected were the large masticatory muscle (68.1±30.7 larvae in 1 g of muscle tissue), diaphragm (65.3±25.6), intercostal muscles (63.7±23.1) and tongue root muscles (58.9±25.2). A lower intensity of invasion was noted in the splenius (36.6±14.4). In the triceps muscle of the shoulder (2.1±2.2) and the calf muscle (2.9±2.5), a very low intensity of invasion was recorded. Trichinella larvae were not found in the latissimus dorsi muscle, trapezius muscle, biceps femoris muscle, superficial gluteus muscle and middle gluteal muscle. Thus, in the spontaneously infected red foxes studied by us, the highest invasion intensity was noted in the muscles of the trunk and head.
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Benakrout, Aziz, Mohamed Bouzroud, Youssef Jalal, Said Khallikane, Ismail Aissa, and Abdelouahed Baite. "Simultaneous Localization of a Hydatid Cyst in the Gluteal and Psoas Muscles: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." SAS Journal of Medicine 8, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 500–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjm.2022.v08i07.013.
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The simultaneous double localization of hydatid cysts in the psoas and gluteal muscles is exceptional. The purpose of this case report is to describe a hydatid cyst located in the left gluteal and psoas muscle in a 28-year-old patient. Ultrasound, CT scan and a positive hydatid serology contributed to the preoperative diagnosis. The patient was operated in two stages. The evolution was good without recurrence after the surgical treatment.
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Gallego-Izquierdo, Tomás, Gerardo Vidal-Aragón, Pedro Calderón-Corrales, Álvaro Acuña, Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa, Agustín Aibar-Almazán, Antonio Martínez-Amat, and Daniel Pecos-Martín. "Effects of a Gluteal Muscles Specific Exercise Program on the Vertical Jump." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 27, 2020): 5383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155383.
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The vertical jump is a complex movement where many factors are involved in the final result. Currently, how a specific exercise program for gluteal muscles can affect the vertical jump is unknown. So, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of a specific exercise program for the gluteal muscles on a vertical jump. Forty-nine amateur athletes completed an 8-week program. The experimental group received a specific gluteal muscle training program in addition to their regular training routine, whereas the control group received their regular training routine. Jump height, flight time, speed and power were assessed (baseline, postintervention, and 4-week follow-up). Repeated-measures analyses of variance were conducted with ∝ ≤ 0.05. We calculated Eta squared effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals. Measurements at 8 weeks revealed significant increases in the experimental group compared to the control group for the values: jump height (p < 0.05) (experimental group = 17.15%; control group = 3.09%), flight time (p < 0.001) (experimental group = 7.98%; control group = 3.52%), speed (p < 0.01) (experimental group = 1.96%; control group = 1.83%) and power (p < 0.05) (experimental group = 4.43%; control group = 0.32%). However, at follow-up, these changes were not maintained. These data suggest that this specific training protocol for the gluteal muscles is effective in order to improve vertical jump performance in amateur athletes who use the vertical jump in their routine training habits.
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Akamatsu, Flavia Emi, Tatiana Mina Yendo, Ciro Rhode, Ana Maria Itezerote, Flávio Hojaij, Mauro Andrade, Wu Tu Hsing, and Alfredo Luiz Jacomo. "Anatomical Basis of the Myofascial Trigger Points of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4821968.
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Myofascial pain syndrome is characterized by pain and limited range of motion in joints and caused by muscular contracture related to dysfunctional motor end plates and myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). We aimed to observe the anatomical correlation between the clinically described MTrPs and the entry point of the branches of the inferior gluteal nerve into the gluteus maximus muscle. We dissected twenty gluteus maximus muscles from 10 human adult cadavers (5 males and 5 females). We measured the muscles and compiled the distribution of the nerve branches into each of the quadrants of the muscle. Statistical analysis was performed by using Student’s t-test and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Although no difference was observed either for muscle measurements or for distribution of nerve branching among the subjects, the topography of MTrPs matched the anatomical location of the entry points into the muscle. Thus, anatomical substract of the MTrPs may be useful for a better understanding of the physiopathology of these disorders and provide basis for their surgical and clinical treatment.
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Liebenson, Craig. "Functional training of the gluteal muscles." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 13, no. 2 (April 2009): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2009.01.004.
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Lewis, Cara L., and Shirley A. Sahrmann. "Muscle Activation and Movement Patterns During Prone Hip Extension Exercise in Women." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.3.238.
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Abstract Context: The consistency of muscle activation order during prone hip extension has been debated. Objective: To investigate whether women use a consistent and distinguishable muscle activation order when extending the hip while prone and to explore the effects of verbal cues on muscle activation and movement. Design: Single-session, repeated-measures design. Setting: University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eleven healthy women (age = 27.7 ± 6.2 years [range, 22–37 years]). Intervention(s): We tested the participants under 3 conditions: no cues, cues to contract the gluteal muscles, and cues to contract the hamstrings muscles. Main Outcome Measure(s): We measured hip and knee angle and electromyographic data from the gluteus maximus, medial hamstrings, and lateral hamstrings while participants performed prone hip extension from 30° of hip flexion to neutral. Results: When not given cues, participants used the consistent and distinguishable muscle activation order of medial hamstrings, followed by lateral hamstrings, then gluteus maximus (195.5 ± 74.9, 100.2 ± 70.3, and 11.5 ± 81.9 milliseconds preceding start of movement, respectively). Compared with the no-cues condition, the gluteal-cues condition resulted in nearly simultaneous onset of medial hamstrings, lateral hamstrings, and gluteus maximus (131.3 ± 84.0, 38.8 ± 96.9, and 45.1 ± 93.4 milliseconds, respectively) (P > .059); decreased activation of the medial hamstrings (P < .03) and lateral hamstrings (P < .024) around the initiation of movement; increased activation of gluteus maximus throughout the movement (P < .001); and decreased knee flexion (P = .002). Compared with the no-cues condition, the hamstrings-cues condition resulted in decreased activation of the medial hamstrings just after the initiation of movement (P = .028) and throughout the movement (P = .034) and resulted in decreased knee flexion (P = .003). Conclusions: Our results support the contention that the muscle activation order during prone hip extension is consistent in healthy women and demonstrates that muscle timing and activation amplitude and movement can be modified with verbal cues. This information is important for clinicians using prone hip extension as either an evaluation tool or a rehabilitation exercise.
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Hogg, Jennifer A., Terry Ackerman, Anh-Dung Nguyen, Scott E. Ross, Randy J. Schmitz, Jos Vanrenterghem, and Sandra J. Shultz. "The Effects of Gluteal Strength and Activation on the Relationship Between Femoral Alignment and Functional Valgus Collapse During a Single-Leg Landing." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 30, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 942–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2019-0528.
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Context: A bias toward femoral internal rotation is a potential precursor to functional valgus collapse. The gluteal muscles may play a critical role in mitigating these effects. Objective: Determine the extent to which gluteal strength and activation mediate associations between femoral alignment measures and functional valgus collapse. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Forty-five females (age = 20.1 [1.7] y; height = 165.2 [7.6] cm; weight = 68.6 [13.1] kg) and 45 males (age = 20.8 [2.0] y; height = 177.5 [8.7] cm; weight = 82.7 [16.5] kg), healthy for 6 months prior. Intervention(s): Femoral alignment was measured prone. Hip-extension and abduction strength were obtained using a handheld dynamometer. Three-dimensional biomechanics and surface electromyography were obtained during single-leg forward landings. Main Outcome Measures: Forward stepwise multiple linear regressions determined the influence of femoral alignment on functional valgus collapse and the mediating effects of gluteus maximus and medius strength and activation. Results: In females, less hip abduction strength predicted greater peak hip adduction angle (R2 change = .10; P = .02), and greater hip-extensor activation predicted greater peak knee internal rotation angle (R2 change = .14; P = .01). In males, lesser hip abduction strength predicted smaller peak knee abduction moment (R2 change = .11; P = .03), and the combination of lesser hip abduction peak torque and lesser gluteus medius activation predicted greater hip internal rotation angle (R2 change = .15; P = .04). No meaningful mediation effects were observed (υadj < .01). Conclusions: In females, after accounting for femoral alignment, less gluteal strength and higher muscle activation were marginally associated with valgus movement. In males, less gluteal strength was associated with a more varus posture. Gluteal strength did not mediate femoral alignment. Future research should determine the capability of females to use their strength efficiently.
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Kaneko, Kenichi, and Hitoshi Makabe. "Correlation Between Skin Autofluorescence and Muscle Activities of Lower Limb in Aging Without Disease and Disability." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 8 (January 2022): 233372142211402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23337214221140225.
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Skin autofluorescence is a useful index to estimate the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products in human tissues. Elderly persons with higher skin autofluorescence have lower muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle power, however, little is known about the relationship between the skin autofluorescence level and each muscle activity. We measured the values of skin autofluorescence from five places on a lower limb, and the signals of surface electromyogram during isometric contractions from five muscles on that, simultaneously. The waveforms of surface electromyogram were analyzed by Daubechies-4 wavelet transformation. The value of skin autofluorescence was increased in the proximal part of the lower limb compared with the value of the distal part. The principal component of surface electromyogram activity in a time-frequency domain was lower in the proximal part compared with that of the distal part. There was a weak negative correlation between the value of skin autofluorescence on the gluteal region and the value of the mean wavelet coefficient of the surface electromyogram signals within the gluteus maximus muscle. The higher accumulation of advanced glycation end-products on the gluteal region might suggest the lower muscle activity in aging without disease and disability.
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Pavlova, Vanya, Ruska Paskaleva, Violeta Ivanova, and Katya Peeva. "STUDY OF STATIC STRENGTH STABILITY OF THE ABDOMINAL, TRUNK AND GLUTEAL MUSCLES OF CHILDREN IN PRE-SCHOOL AGE WITH OVERWEIGHT." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 4 (October 4, 2019): 1075–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34041075p.
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The increasing incidence of overweight and obese pre-school children is a serious medical and social problem for almost all countries [10]. There is also a need for starting prevention from the earliest possible age. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of infant weight on the static-strength stability of the abdominal, trunk, and gluteal muscles in normal and overweight children. Study cohort:104 children at 5 to 6 years of age for the period 2017-2018 at the territory of the Stara Zagora municipality. A modified Kraus-Weber test according to V. Zhelev, L. Venova was applied to determine the static-strength stability of the trunk, abdominal and gluteal muscles. The study found an increase in the strength of the abdominal, trunk and gluteal muscles with age in the study group. Girls exhibited better static strength of abdominal flexors, gluteal muscles and trunk extensors than boys. The presence of an indirect, weak statistical relationship between the infant's weight and the strength of the flexors of the abdomen and hip joint, the trunk extensors and the lower limb extensors is demonstrated.
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Bian, Tao, Liang Zhang, Siliang Man, Hongchao Li, Weiyi Li, and Yixin Zhou. "A Cross-Sectional Study on Gluteal Muscles in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis at Different Stages of Hip Involvement." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020464.
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Hip involvement in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with severe functional impairment, and early diagnosis can improve the disease prognosis. We investigated gluteal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and radiodensity at different stages of hip involvement and their associations with AS-related clinical and laboratory parameters. This cross-sectional study included 83 patients with AS and 83 age- and sex-matched controls. Patients with AS were divided into three groups according to the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Hip Index system. The CSA and radiodensity of the gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus muscles were measured using computed tomography images. Muscle parameters were compared, and their relationships with clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated. For the gluteus maximus, patients with AS had a lower CSA than controls, regardless of the degree of hip involvement. For the gluteus medius and minimus, patients with moderate/advanced hip involvement had significantly lower CSA and radiodensity than those with mild to no hip involvement. The severity of hip involvement was negatively associated with muscle parameters. CSA of the gluteus maximus decreased in early-stage hip involvement without any changes in radiographs, while radiodensity decreased in the later stages. Muscle parameters on computed tomography may be a more sensitive indicator than radiographic findings.
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Hard, Marjie L., Angela Wehr, Lisa von Moltke, Yangchun Du, Sarah Farwick, David P. Walling, and John Sonnenberg. "Pharmacokinetics and safety of deltoid or gluteal injection of aripiprazole lauroxil NanoCrystal® Dispersion used for initiation of the long-acting antipsychotic aripiprazole lauroxil." Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology 9 (January 2019): 204512531985996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2045125319859964.
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Background: Aripiprazole lauroxil (AL), a long-acting injectable antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults, can be started with either 21 days of daily oral aripiprazole supplementation or a 1-day initiation regimen consisting of a single injection of a NanoCrystal® Dispersion formulation of AL (ALNCD) and a single dose of 30 mg oral aripiprazole. This phase I study assessed the pharmacokinetics and safety of deltoid versus gluteal ALNCD injections. Methods: Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder ( N = 47) were randomized 1:1 to receive a single intramuscular dose of ALNCD in the deltoid or gluteal muscle. Plasma samples were collected over 85 days to measure ALNCD concentration by injection site. Relative aripiprazole bioavailability for deltoid versus gluteal injection was assessed based on area under the curve (AUC∞ and AUClast) and maximum concentration (Cmax) values. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study. Results: Plasma aripiprazole concentrations after a single ALNCD injection were comparable between deltoid and gluteal administration. Mean maximum plasma aripiprazole concentrations were 196.1 ng/ml (deltoid) and 175.0 ng/ml (gluteal). Exposure to aripiprazole was similar, with mean AUC∞ values of 6591 day × ng/ml for deltoid and 6437 day × ng/ml for gluteal. Aripiprazole bioavailability was not significantly different between injection sites. ALNCD administration in the deltoid or gluteal muscle was well tolerated, with similar safety profiles at both sites. Conclusion: ALNCD demonstrated similar exposure and safety profiles between the two administration sites, suggesting that ALNCD can be given in either the gluteal or the deltoid muscles as a component of the 1-day initiation regimen for AL.
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Bullock-Saxton, Joanne E., Vladimir Janda, and Margaret I. Bullock. "Reflex Activation of Gluteal Muscles in Walking." Spine 18, no. 6 (May 1993): 704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199305000-00005.
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Peters, Astrid S., Brigitte Stemper, Stefan Leis, Rolf Janka, and Josef G. Heckmann. "Isolated Corticosteroid Myopathy of the Gluteal Muscles." Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 38, no. 5 (October 2006): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01376517-200610000-00002.
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Woolf, John M. "Reflex Activation of Gluteal Muscles in Walking." Neurology Report 18, no. 1 (1994): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01253086-199418010-00026.
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Sutherlin, Mark A., and Joseph M. Hart. "Hip-Abduction Torque and Muscle Activation in People With Low Back Pain." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 24, no. 1 (February 2015): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2013-0112.
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Context:Individuals with a history of low back pain (LBP) may present with decreased hip-abduction strength and increased trunk or gluteus maximus (GMax) fatigability. However, the effect of hip-abduction exercise on hip-muscle function has not been previously reported.Objective:To compare hip-abduction torque and muscle activation of the hip, thigh, and trunk between individuals with and without a history of LBP during repeated bouts of side-lying hip-abduction exercise.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Clinical laboratory.Participants:12 individuals with a history of LBP and 12 controls.Intervention:Repeated 30-s hip-abduction contractions.Main Outcome Measures:Hip-abduction torque, normalized root-mean-squared (RMS) muscle activation, percent RMS muscle activation, and forward general linear regression.Results:Hip-abduction torque reduced in all participants as a result of exercise (1.57 ± 0.36 Nm/kg, 1.12 ± 0.36 Nm/kg; P < .001), but there were no group differences (F = 0.129, P = .723) or group-by-time interactions (F = 1.098, P = .358). All participants had increased GMax activation during the first bout of exercise (0.96 ± 1.00, 1.18 ± 1.03; P = .038). Individuals with a history of LBP had significantly greater GMax activation at multiple points during repeated exercise (P < .05) and a significantly lower percent of muscle activation for the GMax (P = .050) at the start of the third bout of exercise and for the biceps femoris (P = .039) at the end of exercise. The gluteal muscles best predicted hip-abduction torque in controls, while no consistent muscles were identified for individuals with a history of LBP.Conclusions:Hip-abduction torque decreased in all individuals after hip-abduction exercise, although individuals with a history of LBP had increased GMax activation during exercise. Gluteal muscle activity explained hip-abduction torque in healthy individuals but not in those with a history of LBP. Alterations in hip-muscle function may exist in individuals with a history of LBP.
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Tojima, Sayaka, Hidaka Anetai, Kaito Koike, Saori Anetai, Kounosuke Tokita, Chris Leigh, and Jaliya Kumaratilake. "Gross anatomy of the gluteal and posterior thigh muscles in koalas based on their innervations." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): e0261805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261805.
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Morphological and functional comparison of convergently-evolved traits in marsupials and eutherians is an important aspect of studying adaptive divergence in mammals. However, the anatomy of marsupials has been particularly difficult to evaluate for multiple reasons. First, previous studies on marsupial anatomy are often uniformly old and non-exhaustive. Second, muscle identification was historically based on muscle attachment sites, but attachment sites have since been declared insufficient for muscle identification due to extensive interspecific variation. For example, different names have been used for muscles that are now thought to be equivalent among several different species, which causes confusion. Therefore, descriptions of marsupial muscles have been inconsistent among previous studies, and their anatomical knowledge itself needs updating. In this study, the koala was selected as the representative marsupial, in part because koala locomotion may comprise primate (eutherian)-like and marsupial-like mechanics, making it an interesting phylogenetic group for studying adaptive divergence in mammals. Gross dissection of the lower limb muscles (the gluteal and the posterior thigh regions) was performed to permit precise muscle identification. We first resolved discrepancies among previous studies by identifying muscles according to their innervation; this recent, more reliable technique is based on the ontogenetic origin of the muscle, and it allows for comparison with other taxa (i.e., eutherians). We compared our findings with those of other marsupials and arboreal primates and identified traits common to both arboreal primates and marsupials as well as muscle morphological features unique to koalas.
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Hama, Seiji, Masafumi Ohtsubo, Tsuyoshi Nishiwaki, Ayu Miura, Mie Sanemasu, Noboru Shimada, Yukio Fujimoto, et al. "Effect of post-trochanteric groove support on stance control associated with the pelvic-lumbar system: A preliminary study." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 39, no. 5 (June 12, 2014): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364614536763.
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Background: Many stroke and neuromuscular patients with paraplegia or severe hemiparesis cannot control trunk balance. Objective: To support the pelvis/hip of paresis patients, a new pelvic/hip support system was developed bearing a convex pressing member placed over the post-trochanteric groove, a cutaneous landmark sited on the lateral portion of the gluteus maximus muscle and indicating the posterior aspect of the greater trochanter. Study design: Preliminary study. Methods: Stance control differences in two paretic patients (Guillain-Barré syndrome and stroke sequelae) with or without post-trochanteric groove support were examined. The contact pressure on the post-trochanteric groove was examined in eight healthy volunteers using an impact force sensor. The pelvic-lumbar movement was also examined using three-dimensional motion analysis, and the gluteus muscles activity was evaluated using surface electromyography. Results: Without post-trochanteric groove support, total three-dimensional displacement of the sacral marker was longer in the paresis patients than in normal controls, while post-trochanteric groove support decreased this distance. Post-trochanteric groove support provided compression pressure on the post-trochanteric groove, and all subjects showed a more upright trunk position, providing more anterior pelvic tilting. Six of eight subjects showed increased lumbar lordosis. Five of eight subjects showed gluteus maximus and/or gluteus medius muscle activation. Conclusion: The mechanisms of post-trochanteric groove support were suggested to be spino-pelvic coordination and gluteal muscle activation. Clinical relevance The post-trochanteric groove is a cutaneous landmark located behind the pelvis/hip joint. Applying pressure to the post-trochanteric groove from behind pushes the trunk to adopt a more upright position, leading to improved stance control. Underlining mechanisms appear to be spino-pelvic coordination and gluteal muscle activation.
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Wirayuni, Sri, and Liya Arista. "Isometric Exercise of Quadriceps and Gluteal Muscle in Patient with Close Femur Fracture." JIKO (Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Orthopedi) 5, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46749/jiko.v5i1.56.
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Femur fracture is a fracture in the largest bone in the body. The femur requires significant force to fracture. One of the treatments for femoral fracture is reduction and immobilization using traction. Immobilization in traction-attached patients before preoperatively requires isometric exercises to maintain muscle strength. Isometric exercise is a muscle contraction exercise, the patient contracts the muscles without moving the muscles to maintain muscle and prevent atrophy. The purpose of this paper is to identify the effectiveness of isometric exercises to increase isometric muscle strength in patients with lower limb fracture. The methodology used is a case study. The application of isometric exercises can increase muscle strength in patients with skin traction attached. Nurses need to pay attention to factors that can affect the patient's ability to perform isometric exercises so that the results obtained can be more optimal and the patient experiences an increase in the ability of his limbs.
Keywords : Isometric Exercises; Muscle Strength, lower limb fracture
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Araújo, J. F., F. B. Rodrigues, F. G. Abadia, F. M. Gervásio, G. B. N. Mendonça, A. D. Damasceno, and M. F. Vieira. "Electromyographic analysis of the gait cycle phases of boxer dogs." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 68, no. 4 (August 2016): 931–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8770.
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ABSTRACT Systematic studies involving technologies such as surface electromyography (sEMG) may provide important data that enable veterinarians to recognize musculoskeletal, ligamentous, and neurological alterations. The aim of this study was to describe the gait cycle phases and the timing of muscle activation in healthy Boxer dogs during gait by means of sEMG. The gait cycle of seven Boxer dogs was evaluated and sEMG was recorded from the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, brachiocephalic, rectus femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and superficial gluteal muscles of the right hemibody. Circular monopolar Ag/AgCl electrodes were attached to the mean point between the motor point and the muscle insertion. The electromyographic signals were collected by an active interface with 20-fold gain in a bipolar differential configuration using a 16-channel signal conditioner (EMG Systems Brasil), while the dogs walked on a treadmill at a speed of 2m/s. Pearson's correlation was used for the statistical analysis. A positive correlation was found between the rectus femoris and biceps brachii (r= 0.81); superficial gluteal and triceps brachii (r= 0.69); semitendinosus-semimembranosus and biceps brachii (r= 0.76); and rectus femoris and semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscle groups (r=0.99). The biceps brachii and brachiocephalic muscles work in tandem to position the thoracic limb during the gait cycle, while the semitendinosus-semimembranosus group flexes the knee and, simultaneously with the quadriceps that flexes the hip, prevents the contact of the pelvic limb with the ground during the swing phase. The body is propelled forward by the triceps brachii muscle, which extends the elbow and flexes the shoulder at the final contact, while the superficial gluteal muscle extends the hip.
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Izadi Farhadi, Mohammad H., Foad Seidi, Hooman Minoonejad, and Abbey C. Thomas. "Differences in Gluteal and Quadriceps Muscle Activation Among Adults With and Without Lumbar Hyperlordosis." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 8 (November 1, 2020): 1100–1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2019-0112.
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Context: Many factors have been reported contributing to altering the neuromuscular function of hip and knee muscles. The lumbar hyperlordosis, as a poor posture in some athletes, is thought to be associated with the alteration of the hip and knee muscles activity. Objective: To examine the activation of selected hip and knee muscles in athletes with and without lumbar hyperlordosis during functional activities. Design: Case-control study. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Twenty-six college male athletes (n = 13 with and n = 13 without lumbar hyperlordosis). Interventions: Surface electromyography of gluteus maximus (GMAX), gluteus medius (GMED), vastus medialis oblique (VMO), and vastus lateralis (VL) were recorded during single-leg squat and single-leg jump landing (SLJL) tasks. Main Outcome Measure: Preactivity; reactivity; and onset muscle during SLJL and eccentric activity during single-leg squat (GMAX, GMED, VMO, and VL along with the ratio of VMO:VL) were assessed. Results: Athletes with lumbar hyperlordosis had a higher level of activity in their GMAX (P = .003), VMO (P = .04), and VL (P = .01) muscles at the moment before foot contact during SLJL. These athletes also demonstrated a higher level of GMAX activity (P = .01) immediately after foot contact. Finally, athletes with lumbar hyperlordosis activated their GMAX sooner (P = .02) during the SLJL. Athletes with normal lumbar lordosis had more activity in their GMED muscle (P = .001) in the descending phase of the single-leg squat task and a higher VMO:VL (P = .01) at the moment after the foot contact during the SLJL. Conclusion: The altered activation of GMAX, GMED, VMO, VL, and VMO:VL can reveal the role of lumbar hyperlordosis in the knee and hip muscles’ alteration in athletes. Further study is needed to identify whether these alterations in the hip and knee muscles contribute to injury in athletes.
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Østergaard, Sofie Thurø, Katherine Johnson, Tanya Stojkovic, Thomas Krag, Willem De Ridder, Peter De Jonghe, Jonathan Baets, et al. "Limb girdle muscular dystrophy due to mutations in POMT2." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 89, no. 5 (November 24, 2017): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2017-317018.
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BackgroundMutations in the gene coding for protein O-mannosyl-transferase 2 (POMT2) are known to cause severe congenital muscular dystrophy, and recently, mutations in POMT2 have also been linked to a milder limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) phenotype, named LGMD type 2N (LGMD2N). Only four cases have been reported so far.ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02759302MethodsWe report 12 new cases of LGMD2N, aged 18–63 years. Muscle involvement was assessed by MRI, muscle strength testing and muscle biopsy analysis. Other clinical features were also recorded.ResultsPresenting symptoms were difficulties in walking, pain during exercise, delayed motor milestones and learning disabilities at school. All had some degree of cognitive impairment. Brain MRIs were abnormal in 3 of 10 patients, showing ventricular enlargement in one, periventricular hyperintensities in another and frontal atrophy of the left hemisphere in a third patient. Most affected muscle groups were hip and knee flexors and extensors on strength testing. On MRI, most affected muscles were hamstrings followed by paraspinal and gluteal muscles. The 12 patients in our cohort carried 11 alleles with known mutations, whereas 11 novel mutations accounted for the remaining 13 alleles.ConclusionWe describe the first cohort of patients with LGMD2N and show that unlike other LGMD types, all patients had cognitive impairment. Primary muscle involvement was found in hamstring, paraspinal and gluteal muscles on MRI, which correlated well with reduced muscle strength in hip and knee flexors and extensors. The study expands the mutational spectrum for LGMD2N, with the description of 11 novel POMT2 mutations in the association with LGMD2N.Clinical trial registrationNCT02759302.
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Yao, S., Y. Zhao, and H. Tan. "Extrapelvic Cystic Endometrioma Presenting Deep Inside Gluteal Muscles." Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 21, no. 6 (November 2014): S38—S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.147.
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Mrzygłód, Sylwia, Przemysław Pietraszewski, Artur Golas, Jakub Jarosz, Aleksander Matusiński, and Michał Krzysztofik. "Changes in Muscle Activity Imbalance of the Lower Limbs Following 3 Weeks of Supplementary Body-Weight Unilateral Training." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041494.
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This study examined the effects of a short-term supplementary body-weight training program on changes in the muscle activity imbalance of the lower limbs during high-speed running in soccer players. Fifteen professional male soccer players took part in the study (age: 25 ± 5 years, body mass: 79.2 ± 10.8 kg, stature: 177 ± 10 cm, training experience: 12 ± 5 years). The evaluations of lower limb muscle activity imbalance via surface electromyography (sEMG) were performed twice (pre- and post-intervention), at a three-week interval. The sEMG was measured bilaterally from the area of quadriceps (Q), hamstrings (H), and gluteal muscles (G) during high-speed running at 18 km/h using sEMG shorts. Between measurements, the athletes performed the supplementary body-weight program of the lower limbs 4 times a week for 3 weeks. The training included six body-weight exercises performed unilaterally. The load progression included an additional set of each exercise in successive weeks of the experiment. The two-way repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a statistically significant main interaction for time × muscle (p = 0.006; F = 6.948; η2 = 0.332). The post-hoc analysis for the interaction effect of time × muscle showed a statistically significant decrease in muscle imbalance for the post-intervention compared to the pre-intervention for the H (p < 0.001; ES = 1.32), G (p = 0.002; ES = 0.92), and T (p < 0.001; ES = 1.54), but not for Q (p = 0.56; ES = 0.14). Moreover, there was a statistically significant greater imbalance between the H, G, and T muscles versus Q (p = 0.043, ES = 1.15; p = 0.006, ES = 1.57; p = 0.001, ES = 1.69, respectively) for the values recorded pre-intervention. Changes in muscle activity after 3 weeks of sports-specific movement patterns were statistically significant. For the gluteal (G) and hamstring (H), the imbalance between the limbs decreased significantly (p = 0.01). The imbalance in the quadriceps muscles (Q), with respect to each limb, did not decrease significantly (p = 0.82) following the training intervention. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that in-season soccer training supplemented with a body-weight training program successfully decreases gluteal and hamstring imbalance between limbs after 3 weeks of training.
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Lukáčová, Eva, Gabriela Škrečková, and Lucia Demjanovič Kendrová. "The occurence of postural disorders and muscular imbalance in children from urban and rural environment." Fizjoterapia Polska 22, no. 5 (December 30, 2022): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56984/8zg20az2j.
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Background. Postural examination is considered to be one of the most important parts of the general examination and is therefore the basis for correct diagnosis and determining preventive measures or appropriate treatment procedures. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional status of school-aged children. Methods: The study was carried out at selected primary schools in Slovakia, we examined 453 children. We assessed the quality of the postural system according to Thomas Klein´s evaluation, modified by Mayer, the presence of shortened and weakened muscles according to Janda. The following measurements were used to assess the range of motion of the spine: Otto’s inclination and reclination distance, Schober’s distance, Stibor’s distance and Thomayer’s distance. Results. A statistically significant difference was found in the examination of gluteal muscles strength l.dx. (p = 0.03), gluteal muscles l.sin. (p ≤ 0.001), with the children from urban environment having, on average, lower muscle strength. Statistically significant differences were found in the evaluation of m. trapesiusl.dx. at significance level p = 0.04, m. trapesiusl.sin. at the level of significance p ≤ 0,001, with higher average values found in children from the urban environment. Conclusion. Children from countryside show better postural outcomes and exhibit fewer postural disturbances than children from city backgrounds.
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Salnikova, Svitlana. "Comparative Characteristics of the Physical Training of Women between 30 and 49 Years of Age Based on Indicators of Physical Training Depending on the Body Weight Fat Component Content." Physical education, sports and health culture in modern society, no. 1(37) (March 31, 2017): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2017-01-77-82.
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The current relevance of the research. The paper is devoted to the research of fat body content influence on the parameters of physical state at 30-years women. It was determined that increasing of fat body content at 30–49 years women negatively affects speed, active spine flexibility, explosive strength, agility, power dynamic endurance of muscles of upper limb girdle and lower extremities, speed-power endurance of abdominal muscles, static fatigue of gluteal muscles and total endurance. Goal of research is to investigate the parameters of physical preparation of 30–49 years women depending on fat body content. Results of research: It is established the dependence between speed, active spine flexibility, explosive strength, agility, power dynamic endurance of muscles of upper limb girdle and lower extremities, speed-power endurance of abdominal muscles, static fatigue of gluteal muscles, total endurance and fat body content. The increasing fat body content at 30–36 years women leads to more negative effects compare to 37–49 years women. Conclusions. It is proved the reasonability of creation of special water fitness program for 30–49 years women. The purpose of such program is improving of physical qualities.
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Shin, Sanghoon, Jinyoung Park, Juntaek Hong, and Jung Hyun Park. "Improved gait speed in spastic paraplegia: a new modality." BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 10, no. 4 (June 14, 2019): e41-e41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-001738.
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ObjectivesThe gait disturbance in spastic paraplegic patients lowers the gait speed, increases fall risk and eventually lower the quality of life. This study aims to investigate the effect of electrical twitch obtaining intramuscular stimulation (ETOIMS) on spastic paraplegic patients’ gait speed and pattern.MethodsA prospective short-term cohort study was designed in the outpatient clinic of the department of rehabilitation in a tertiary hospital. Patients with spastic paraplegia (N=5) were participated, including spinal cord tumour (N=2), cervical myelitis (N=1), hereditary spastic paraplegia (NIPA1 mutation; N=1) and spinal cord injury (N=1). The participants underwent ETOIMS. The target muscles were the bilateral quadratus lumborum, multifidus inserting to the L4 and L5 spinous process, and gluteus medius. Gait speed, gait pattern and subjective symptoms, including pain scores (measured by visual analogue scale), were compared before and immediately after the intervention.ResultsAll patients subjectively reported reduced stiffness during walking and alleviated muscular pain in the lower back and gluteal area. After one session of ETOIMS, patient 1–4 showed 57%, 29%, 33% and 6 % improvement in gait speed, respectively, and all patients showed increased pelvic dissociation.ConclusionsThe ETOIMS can be effective in improving gait speed and stability by relaxing the muscles or alleviating the pain in the lower back and gluteal area in spastic paraplegic patients.
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Mbada, Chidozie E., Olusola Ayanniyi, Rufus A. Adedoyin, and Olubusola E. Johnson. "STATIC ENDURANCE OF THE BACK EXTENSOR MUSCLES: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERFORMANCE AND REPORTED REASONS FOR TEST TERMINATION." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 13, no. 01 (March 2010): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957710002405.
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Purpose: Quite a few studies have reported previously on reasons for terminating tests of back muscles endurance. This study investigated the association between endurance performance and reported reasons for terminating back extensor muscle endurance test in apparently healthy adults. Methods: Three-hundred-and-seventy-six volunteers with the mean age of 38.9 ± 13.5 years participated in this study. All participants underwent modified Biering–Sørensen test of Static Muscular Endurance. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, Pearson's correlation and Chi-square, ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data. The α level was set at 0.05. Results: It is found that 76.1% of the participants terminated the test due to fatigue in the low back, followed by low-back pain (LBP) (12.8%) and fatigue in the gluteal or hamstring muscles (7.4%) respectively. The magnitudes of the endurance time for each reason of termination — fatigue in the low back (121 ± 49.3 sec), fatigue in the gluteal or hamstring muscles (102 ± 44.0 sec), LBP (59 ± 27.4 sec), and behavioral factors (92 ± 34.7 sec) were found to be significantly different (p = 0.001). Test termination due to fatigue in the low back was on the average 62 seconds longer than that due to LBP. Conclusions: Fatigue was the most commonly reported reason for back extensor muscles' endurance test termination. Endurance time was least in those individuals who terminate the test due to complaints of LBP and greatest in those who end the task for fatigue only.
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Kelso, T. B., D. R. Hodgson, A. R. Visscher, and P. D. Gollnick. "Some properties of different skeletal muscle fiber types: comparison of reference bases." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 1436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.4.1436.
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Several biochemical components of the white portion of the gastrocnemius (WGM), plantaris (PM), and soleus (SM) muscles of the rat and middle gluteal (MGM) muscle of the horse were compared based on wet and dry weight, protein, and total creatine concentrations ([TCr]). The water content was similar for the rat hindlimb muscles, however, the concentrations of protein, ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), creatine, and glycogen ranked as SM less than PM less than WGM for all reference bases except total creatine. In contrast, concentrations of ATP, creatine, and PCr were similar in all muscles studied when expressed as ratios of [TCr]. Horse MGM had the lowest percent of water and protein per gram wet or dry weight but highest glycogen concentration of the muscles studied, irrespective of the reference base used to express concentrations. Coefficients of variation were lowest when muscle constituents were related to [TCr]. It is concluded that expressing muscle constituents relative to total creatine results in the smallest variation and is a good method for making comparisons between muscles of similar fiber composition. However, essential information concerning different types of muscle may be lost when this reference base is used.
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Hess, Ladislav, Jiří Málek, Alice Kurzová, and Martin Votava. "The effect of site (deltoid or gluteus muscle) of intramuscular administration of anaesthetic drugs on the course of immobilisation in macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta)." Acta Veterinaria Brno 81, no. 2 (2012): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201281020207.
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The aim of this work was to study the effect of site of intramuscular administration of anaesthetic drugs on the course of immobilisation in macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Twenty macaque monkeys were given medetomidine (25 µg·kg-1) and ketamine (3 mg·kg-1) intramuscularly to the deltoid (n = 10 animals) or gluteus (n = 10 animals) muscles. Behavioural changes, loss of aggressiveness, immobilisation time and cardiorespiratory changes were recorded. The effect of drugs was reversed after 20 min by i.m. administration of atipamezole at the dose of 250 µg·kg-1. Highly significant differences (P < 0.001) were found between groups with gluteal or deltoid administration of drugs on the onset of immobilisation effect (71.3 s and 108.3 s, respectively), and immobilisation time (152.7 s and 254.4 s, respectively). In the gluteus muscle group, the grasp reflex was still present at the beginning of immobilisation and slowly wore off in 15–45 s. The same was valid for muscle tone. There were no differences in cardiorespiratory parameters in any of the groups. Animals of both groups recovered in 3–6 min after atipamezole administration. Administration of drugs to the deltoid muscle resulted in a more rapid onset and increased effect of immobilisation than administration to the gluteus muscle. Both in veterinary and human medicine, injection to the deltoid muscle may be more convenient in all cases, when rapid and more prominent effect is desirable as in premedication before surgery or in emergency medicine. The study is the first to compare the effect of administering drugs to different muscles and the results may improve the practice of intramuscular injections in animals and in humans.
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Coratella, Giuseppe, Gianpaolo Tornatore, Francesca Caccavale, Stefano Longo, Fabio Esposito, and Emiliano Cè. "The Activation of Gluteal, Thigh, and Lower Back Muscles in Different Squat Variations Performed by Competitive Bodybuilders: Implications for Resistance Training." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020772.
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The present study investigated the activation of gluteal, thigh, and lower back muscles in different squat variations. Ten male competitive bodybuilders perform back-squat at full (full-BS) or parallel (parallel-BS) depth, using large feet-stance (sumo-BS), and enhancing the feet external rotation (external-rotated-sumo-BS) and front-squat (FS) at 80% 1-RM. The normalized surface electromyographic root-mean-square (sEMG RMS) amplitude of gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, adductor longus, longissimus, and iliocostalis was recorded during both the ascending and descending phase of each exercise. During the descending phase, greater sEMG RMS amplitude of gluteus maximus and gluteus medius was found in FS vs. all other exercises (p < 0.05). Additionally, FS elicited iliocostalis more than all other exercises. During the ascending phase, both sumo-BS and external-rotated-sumo-BS showed greater vastus lateralis and adductor longus activation compared to all other exercises (p < 0.05). Moreover, rectus femoris activation was greater in FS compared to full-BS (p < 0.05). No between-exercise difference was found in vastus medialis and longissimus showed no between-exercise difference. FS needs more backward stabilization during the descending phase. Larger feet-stance increases thigh muscles activity, possibly because of their longer length. These findings show how bodybuilders uniquely recruit muscles when performing different squat variations.
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Miokovic, Tanja, Gabriele Armbrecht, Dieter Felsenberg, and Daniel L. Belavý. "Differential atrophy of the postero-lateral hip musculature during prolonged bedrest and the influence of exercise countermeasures." Journal of Applied Physiology 110, no. 4 (April 2011): 926–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01105.2010.
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As part of the 2nd Berlin BedRest Study (BBR2-2), we investigated the pattern of muscle atrophy of the postero-lateral hip and hamstring musculature during prolonged inactivity and the effectiveness of two exercise countermeasures. Twenty-four male subjects underwent 60 days of head-down tilt bedrest and were assigned to an inactive control (CTR), resistive vibration exercise (RVE), or resistive exercise alone (RE) group. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hip and thigh was taken before, during, and at end of bedrest. Volume of posterolateral hip and hamstring musculature was calculated, and the rate of muscle atrophy and the effect of countermeasure exercises were examined. After 60 days of bedrest, the CTR group showed differential rates of muscle volume loss ( F = 21.44; P ≤ 0.0001) with fastest losses seen in the semi-membranosus, quadratus femoris and biceps femoris long head followed by the gluteal and remaining hamstring musculature. Whole body vibration did not appear to have an additional effect above resistive exercise in preserving muscle volume. RE and RVE prevented and/or reduced muscle atrophy of the gluteal, semi-membranosus, and biceps femoris long head muscles. Some muscle volumes in the countermeasure groups displayed faster recovery times than the CTR group. Differential atrophy occurred in the postero-lateral hip musculature following a prolonged period of unloading. Short-duration high-load resistive exercise during bedrest reduced muscle atrophy in the mono-articular hip extensors and selected hamstring muscles. Future countermeasure design should consider including isolated resistive hamstring curls to target this muscle group and reduce the potential for development of muscle imbalances.
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Garkavenko, Yuriy E., Ivan N. Krasnogorskiy, and Bahauddin H. Dolgiev. "Congenital contracture of the iliotibial tract: a case report." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 6, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors6279-85.
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Introduction. Congenital contracture of the iliotibial tract is a rather rare pathology that causes difficulties in diagnosing and planning treatment activities. The lack of a clear idea of the causes of the disease has led to disagreement in the interpretation of the diagnosis in patients with this pathology. In the Russian-language literature, this disease is referred to as idiopathic extension and abduction contracture of a hip joint or idiopathic contracture of the dorsal gluteal muscle (a congenital contracture of the tendons of the dorsal gluteal muscles), whereas the English-language literature more often highlights congenital or idiopathic contracture of the dorsal gluteal muscles.
Clinical сase. The results of treatment of a 6-year-old child with congenital contracture of the iliotibial tract is presented. The child exhibited lameness when walking first started, but the correct diagnosis was not established. Clinically, along with the limitation of adduction and extension in the hip joint and an induration of the soft tissue along the external surface of the right thigh, the pelvis was skewed, and there was shortening of the right lower limb and a valgus deformity of diaphysis of the right femoral bone. Ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging indicated the presence of a fibrous bridle over the outer surface of the right thigh. The fibrous bridle was excised for 15 cm, and a temporary hemiepiphysiodesis of the medial portion of the distal growth zone of the right femur was performed.
Results and discussion. At the 1-year control examination, the patient did not present any complaints. There was no relapse of the contracture. According to X-ray study results, correction of the valgus deformity of the right femur was achieved, and the metal structures were removed. Despite the more frequent extension and abduction direction of the contracture of the iliotibial tract indicated by most authors, the direction and severity apparently may depend on the predominant zone of fibrous degeneration of the muscle groups. Additionally, with the predominant lesion of the dorsal gluteal muscle, a more pronounced extension component can be expected, whereas with the predominant lesion of the musculus tensor fasciae latae, a flexion component can be expected and was observed in our patient.