Academic literature on the topic 'Glutaminase – métabolisme'
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Journal articles on the topic "Glutaminase – métabolisme":
Pichard, Claude, Comasia A. Raguso, Laurence Genton, Nadine Maisonneuve, and Josiane Jetzer. "Glutamine : métabolisme et physiopathologie." Revue Médicale Suisse -3, no. 2369 (2001): 2327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53738/revmed.2001.-3.2369.2327.
Darmaun, D. "Intestin et métabolisme de la glutamine." médecine/sciences 9, no. 8-9 (1993): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/3008.
Darmaun, Dominique. "Biodisponibilité de la glutamine et réponse du métabolisme protéique à l'apport de glutamine chez l'homme." Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme 8, no. 4 (January 1994): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0985-0562(05)80172-4.
Hankard, R., D. Hammond, and D. Darmaun. "Effet de la glutamine sur le métabolisme protéique chez l'enfant myopathe." Archives de Pédiatrie 3, no. 12 (December 1996): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-693x(97)85952-0.
LE FLOC’H, N., and B. SEVE. "Le devenir des protéines et des acides aminés dans l’intestin du porc : de la digestion à l’apparition dans la veine porte." INRAE Productions Animales 13, no. 5 (October 22, 2000): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.5.3798.
Darmaun, Dominique. "Métabolisme de la glutamine in vivo chez l'homme : implications pour la nutrition artificielle." Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme 4, no. 4 (January 1990): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0985-0562(05)80333-4.
Dubois, Charlotte, Guy Eelen, and Peter Carmeliet. "Un nouveau rôle non métabolique de la glutamine synthétase au cours de l’angiogenèse." médecine/sciences 35, no. 5 (May 2019): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2019083.
Jobert, A., V. Colomb, G. Guihot, B. Darcy-Vrillon, MT Morel, O. Corriol, C. Ricour, and PH Duce. "Effet de la nutrition artificielle sur le métabolisme du glucose et de la glutamine par l'entérocyte de rat." Archives de Pédiatrie 3, no. 12 (December 1996): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-693x(97)85954-4.
Rey, L., A. Sadik, A. Fer, and S. Renaudin. "Étude de quelques aspects du métabolisme carboné et azoté chez l'Arceuthobium oxycedri, gui nain du genévrier." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 1709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-211.
Bertrand, J., R. Marion-Letellier, S. Azhar, P. Chan, R. Legrand, A. Goichon, M. Aziz, et al. "P213: L’administration de glutamine par voie rectale modifie le profil d’expression colique des protéines ubiquitinées au cours d’une colite chez le rat : focus sur le métabolisme mitochondrial." Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme 28 (December 2014): S180—S181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0985-0562(14)70855-6.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Glutaminase – métabolisme":
Murcy, Florent. "Le rôle de la glutaminolyse hépatique dans l'athérosclérose." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ6022.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide with 17 million deaths each year and represent a major public health challenge. Despite existing therapies aimed at restoring lipid homeostasis, the prevalence of these diseases keeps increasing and new targets must be find. Recently, new factors have been identified as potential actors in the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Among them, glutamine, a conditionally essential amino acid, and its metabolism have been linked to the incidence of cardiovascular disease and inflammation. Two major enzymes are involved in controlling the flow of this amino acid within our body. Glutaminase 2 (GLS2) metabolizes glutamine into glutamate and the reverse reaction is mediated by glutamine synthetase (GS). During our study, we first studied the effect of their inhibition in a mouse model of atherosclerosis with adeno-associated virus (AAV) injection or methionine sulfoximine. While GS inhibition has a little impact on lesion development, GLS2 deficiency leads to an increase in atherosclerotic plaque size. At the same time, plasma glutamine is increased. There was no major change in classical cardiovascular risk factors or even inflammation. By performing analyzes of the transcriptional profile of the liver and aortas of GLS2 KO animals, we noticed that many genes involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and in the cell/matrix interaction were deregulated. Dedicated stainings of the plaques corroborated the RNA sequencing and identified regulation of key matrix-modulating enzymes supporting the hypothesis of a weakening of the extracellular matrix. Especially, we found an increase in the activity of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), one of the pivotal regulator of matrix integrity. We next investigated the therapeutic opportunity by overexpressing hepatic GLS2. In our mouse model overexpressing the enzyme, we observed a decrease in atherosclerotic plaque size as well as a decrease in plasma glutamine. GLS2 seems to be a new player in the prevention of atherosclerosis not only by maintaining cell homeostasis but also by guaranteeing the environment integrity in which they evolve. It would be interesting to explore this new target at a time when therapies seem to be running out of steam
Nekooie, Marnany Nioosha. "The Intersection of Metabolism and Neural Crest Cell Development." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 12, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA120066.
Metabolism as a keystone of stem cells' fate not only supplies demands for energy and precursor molecules but also has roles in chromatin remodeling. In vertebrate embryos, neural crest (NC) cells constitute a remarkable population of embryonic progenitors, which upon delamination from dorsal neural tube, extensive migration and differentiation give rise to both neural/neuronal and mesenchymal derivatives. The developmental potential of NC cells necessitates epigenetic remodeling and environmental cues. Accordingly, the intersection of metabolism and NC plasticity will provide critical insights into the regulation of NC cell identity and development. Thus, I intended to figure out the metabolism role in the developmental aspect of one sub-population of NC cells, trunk type. The first part of my study resulted in a general view of the metabolic impacts on all developmental NC steps. I evidenced that glucose oxidation is a pivotalmetabolic profile governing NC delamination, adhesion, migration, proliferation, maintenance of stemness, and widespread differentiation. Given the incidence of G1/S transition upon EMT in trunk NC cells, the inhibition of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) was unable to influence the NC delamination, suggesting a metabolic adaptation to maintain developmental steps and survival. Hence, In the next step, I sought to appreciate how metabolic pathways integrate into the NC delamination. The rewiring of glycolysis pathway under PPP suppression in delaminating stage provided support for multi metabolic pathways recruited by NC progenitors in response to the metabolic stress. My study also elucidated the metabolic reprograming from PPP to glucose oxidation in trunk NC cells, aligned with delaminating to migratory transition of these cells. Additionally, besides glucose, glutamine had a prominent role in pluripotent acquisition anddelamination of NC progenitors that triggers the nuclear localization of glutaminase (GLS) upon EMT step. Therefore, the nuclear GLS localization of pre-migratory NC cells in delaminating stage suggests the gene regulatory function for GLS. Altogether, my results indicated the intersection of metabolism and NC reprograming from pluripotent step to the NC commitment, defined respectively by promoted PPP and nuclear localization of GLS to glucose-based OXPHOSphenotype with cytoplasmic GLS localization. Moreover, the possible interaction between GLS and B-catenin fostered the new concept about the contribution of GLS to Wnt signaling, holding promise for understanding the etiology of many neurocristopathies
Hasan, Bou Issa Lama. "Étude des dépendances génomiques dans le myélome multiple surexprimant MYC." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS011.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that accounts for around 13% of hematological cancers and is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM progresses from precursor stages, known as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), to the symptomatic form, MM. It is an incurable malignancy in which heterogeneity and clonal evolution allow treatment escape and disease progression. MYC alterations play an essential role in this progression. However, MYC is not therapeutically targetable due to its nuclear localization and the protein's short half-life.To overcome this, we hypothesized that the proliferative advantage induced by MYC overexpression creates genomic dependencies on other signalling pathways that become essential for cell survival. To test this hypothesis, we applied a novel approach by leveraging large-scale loss of function screen (Achilles) and 1869 small molecules screen to identify MYC-induced genomic vulnerabilities. When identified, these vulnerabilities offer an opportunity to selectively target cancer cells harbouring this overexpression and spare normal cells.Our analyses demonstrate the dependence of MYC overexpressing cells on glutamine metabolism, in particular on the GLS1 (glutaminase). We validated and functionally delineated this dependence in vitro using different approaches.Our small molecule screen highlighted that NAD synthesis inhibitors had a preferential effect on the proliferation of MYC overexpressing cells. Considering that glutamine and NAD have closely interlinked metabolic networks, we investigated the possibility of a potential synergistic effect between GLS1 and NAMPT inhibitors. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this new synergistic combination to target MYC-driven MM cells in vitro and in vivo.These results establish a solid methodological basis that can be used to develop new therapeutic approaches to address unmet therapeutic needs to target MYC in MM
Rumbach, Lucien. "Valproate de sodium et métabolisme de l'ammoniaque." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR1BH16.
Jacque, Nathalie. "Étude du métabolisme de la glutamine dans les leucémies aiguës myéloïdes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB221/document.
Cancer cells survival is dependent on high energetic and biosynthetic activity, and glutamine is involved in many metabolic processes necessary for this adaptation. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), growth and proliferation are promoted by activation of several signaling pathways, including mTORC1. Essential amino acids, in particular leucine, are required for mTORC1 activation. Glutamine enters into the cell via the SLC1A5 transporter and then allows the input of leucine via the bidirectional SLC7A5 transporter. Therefore, the intracellular glutamine concentration is a limiting step in the activation of mTORC1 by leucine. We studied the effects of glutamine deprivation in AML using different tools (medium without glutamine, shRNA against the SLC1A5 glutamine transporter and the drug L-asparaginase, which has an extracellular glutaminase activity) and observed mTORC1 and protein synthesis inhibition. SLC1A5 transporter knockdown inhibits tumor growth in a xenotransplantation model. L-asparaginase inhibits mTORC1 and induces apoptosis in proportion to its glutaminase activity and independently of asparagine concentration. Glutamine privation induces the expression of glutamine synthase and autophagy, and these two processes are involved in the resistance to glutamine privation in some leukemic cell lines. However, apoptosis induced by glutamine privation is not related to the inhibition of mTORC1, since it is not modified in the presence of a constitutively active mutant of mTOR. We next focused on the oxidative phosphorylation, another glutamine dependent pathway in many cancers. The initial step of the intracellular catabolism of glutamine is the conversion of glutamine to glutamate by enzymes called glutaminases. Different glutaminases isoforms exist that are encoded by the GLS1 and GLS2 genes. Glutamate is then converted to α-ketoglutarate, an essential TCA cycle intermediate. In AML cell lines, we observed that glutamine privation inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The protein glutaminase C (GAC), an isoform of GLS1, is constantly expressed in AML but also in normal CD34 + hematopoietic progenitors. The knockdown of GLS1 by inducible shRNA or by the CB-839 compound reduced oxidative phosphorylation, leading to proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in leukemia cells. Genetic invalidation of GLS1 inhibits tumor formation and improves survival of mice in a xenograft model. Conversely, the targeting of GLS1 has no cytotoxic or cytostatic effects on normal hematopoietic progenitors. These anti-leukemic effects are inhibited by the addition of α-ketoglutarate, and those induced by the CB-839 are suppressed in the presence of an ectopically expressed GACK320A hyperactive mutant, confirming the essential role of maintaining an active TCA cycle in AML cells. Finally, we showed that glutaminolysis inhibition induces the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and acts synergistically with the specific inhibition of BCL-2 by ABT-199. These results demonstrate that specific targeting of glutaminolysis is another way to exploit glutamine addiction in AML and that an active TCA cycle in essential for AML cell survival
Polat, Ibrahim Halil. "Rôle fonctionnel des pentoses phosphates et glutamine dans le métabolisme des cellules cancéreuses." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS031/document.
Moreover, we characterized the metabolic adaptations that breast cancer cells undergo in the deprivation of glutamine or when mitochondria are defected. We conducted metabolic flux analysis using metabolomics and fluxomics approaches and we employed Systems Biology approaches in order to estimate a global view of flux alterations in different culture conditions. We observed an increased pyruvate cycle with glutamine deprivation, thus indicating that targeting the enzymes of this pathway such as malic enzyme could be a promising approach combined with inhibition of glutaminase enzyme. On the other hand, we observed that mimicking hypoxia by oligomycin treatment redirected breast cancer cells to increase reductive carboxylation. Considering that hypoxia is a common condition in the tumor environment, targeting reductive carboxylation mechanism could be a novel strategy to fight against cancer. Collectively, all the results provided in this thesis demosntrate the importance of metabolism in cancer cell proliferation and survival. This work also highlights the importance of Systems Biology approaches to comprehend the molecular mechanisms underlying complex multifactorial diseases in order to point out new potential therapeutic targets
Baverel, Gabriel. "Métabolisme de l'alanine et de l'aspartate dans le cortex rénal du cobaye." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19060.
Maurin, Claire. "Régulation de la glutamine synthétase chez le cocolithophoridé Emiliania Huxleyi." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES2008.
Vercoutère, Barbara. "Voies et régulations du métabolisme hépatique de la glutamine chez des souris normales et déficientes en récepteur à l'hormone thyroïdienne par invalidation de gènes : aspects cellulaires et moléculaires." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10202.
Bodineau, Clément. "Biochemical characterization of mTORC1 regulation by glutamine metabolism." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0163.
Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the blood of mammals and its metabolism is particularly important for tumour cell proliferation. Cancer cells metabolize glutamine mostly through glutaminolysis, a metabolic process catabolized by glutaminase (GLS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) that activates mTORC1 signalling. Together with AMPK, the mTORC1 pathway is a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation. The unbalanced activation of mTORC1 by glutaminolysis during amino-acid starvation leads to a non-canonical apoptotic cell death known as “glutamoptosis”. In this thesis project, we identified that the reactivation of AMPK prevented both mTORC1 activation and cell death during glutamoptosis both in vitro and in vivo; suggesting an active role of AMPK during this process. Surprisingly, the connection between glutamine and AMPK, mediated by ATP, did not involve the necessary participation of glutaminolysis. Rather, we demonstrated the crucial role of the asparagine synthetase (ASNS) and the GABA shunt for the production of ATP during glutamine sufficiency, necessary for the metabolic control of the AMPK/mTORC1 axis. Indeed, the complete inhibition of mTORC1 required both the inhibition of GLS and the ASNS. Hence, we propose a model by which glutamine metabolism regulates mTORC1 pathway through two independent branches involving glutaminolysis and ASNS/GABA shunt that should be considered for potential targeted therapies against cancer
Books on the topic "Glutaminase – métabolisme":
Kvamme, Elling. Glutamine and Glutamate Mammals. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Kvamme, Elling. Glutamine and Glutamate Mammals. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
Kvamme, Elling. Glutamine and Glutamate Mammals: Volume I. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Kvamme, Elling. Glutamine and Glutamate Mammals: Volume I. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Kvamme, Elling. Glutamine and Glutamate Mammals: Volume I. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Kvamme, Elling. Glutamine and Glutamate Mammals: Volume II. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Kvamme, Elling. Glutamine and Glutamate Mammals: Volume II. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Kvamme, Elling. Glutamine and Glutamate Mammals: Volume I. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Meynial-Denis, Dominique. Glutamine: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Clinical Applications. CRC Press, 2021.
Meynial-Denis, Dominique. Glutamine: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Clinical Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.