Relevant bibliographies by topics / Glucose uptake

Academic literature on the topic 'Glucose uptake'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Glucose uptake"

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Taher, Muhammad, Fadzilah Adibah Abdul Majid, and Mohamad Roji Sarmidi. "The Effect of Cinnamtannin B1 on Cell Proliferation and Glucose Uptake of 3T3-L1 Cells." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 1 (January 2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200112.

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The effects of cinnamtannin B1 on cell proliferation and glucose uptake of 3T3-L1 cells were examined. Cinnamtannin B1 promoted cell proliferation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes at a concentration range between 0.11-0.17 mM. The effect of cinnamtannin B1 on cellular 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H] glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, following treatment with a 0.11 mM concentration of cinnamtannin B1 for 15, 30 and 60 minutes, was an increase in the glucose uptake from a basal value to 702.0, 1111.0 and 2226.0 cpm, respectively (p<0.005). The comparable glucose uptakes with insulin treatment were 660.0, 1039.0 and 2135.0 cpm, respectively. Wortmannin and cytochalasin B were found to inhibit cinnamtannin B1-stimulated glucose uptake, but sodium orthovanadate increased the glucose uptake.
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Brozinick, J. T., G. J. Etgen, B. B. Yaspelkis, and J. L. Ivy. "Contraction-activated glucose uptake is normal in insulin-resistant muscle of the obese Zucker rat." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.1.382.

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The rates of muscle glucose uptake of lean and obese Zucker rats were assessed via hindlimb perfusion under basal conditions (no insulin), in the presence of a maximal insulin concentration (10 mU/ml), and after electrically stimulated muscle contraction in the absence of insulin. The perfusate contained 28 mM glucose and 7.5 microCi/mmol of 2-deoxy-D-[3H-(G)]glucose. Glucose uptake rates in the soleus (slow-twitch oxidative fibers), red gastrocnemius (fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibers), and white gastrocnemius (fast-twitch glycolytic fibers) under basal conditions and after electrically stimulated muscle contraction were not significantly different between the lean and obese rats. However, the rate of glucose uptake during insulin stimulation was significantly lower for obese than for lean rats in all three fiber types. Significant correlations were found for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glucose transporter protein isoform (GLUT-4) content of soleus, red gastrocnemius, and white gastrocnemius of lean (r = 0.79) and obese (r = 0.65) rats. In contrast, the relationships between contraction-stimulated glucose uptake and muscle GLUT-4 content of lean and obese rats were negligible because of inordinately low contraction-stimulated glucose uptakes by the solei. These results suggest that maximal skeletal muscle glucose uptake of obese Zucker rats is resistant to stimulation by insulin but not to contractile activity. In addition, the relationship between contraction-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT-4 content appears to be fiber-type specific.
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OKAMOTO, MIKIKO, MOTOZUMI OKAMOTO, HARUO NISHIMURA, ATSUSHI KOSAKI, SHIGEO KONO, GEN INOUE, IKUKO MAEDA, et al. "Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake and Fasting Blood Glucose." Endocrinologia Japonica 38, no. 4 (1991): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1507/endocrj1954.38.421.

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Galassetti, Pietro, Masakazu Shiota, Brad A. Zinker, David H. Wasserman, and Alan D. Cherrington. "A negative arterial-portal venous glucose gradient decreases skeletal muscle glucose uptake." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 275, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): E101—E111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1998.275.1.e101.

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The effect of a negative arterial-portal venous (a-pv) glucose gradient on skeletal muscle and whole body nonhepatic glucose uptake was studied in 12 42-h-fasted conscious dogs. Each study consisted of a 110-min equilibration period, a 30-min baseline period, and two 120-min hyperglycemic (2-fold basal) periods (either peripheral or intraportal glucose infusion). Somatostatin was infused along with insulin (3 × basal) and glucagon (basal). Catheters were inserted 17 days before studies in the external iliac artery and hepatic, portal and common iliac veins. Blood flow was measured in liver and hindlimb using Doppler flow probes. The arterial blood glucose, arterial plasma insulin, arterial plasma glucagon, and hindlimb glucose loads were similar during peripheral and intraportal glucose infusions. The a-pv glucose gradient (in mg/dl) was 5 ± 1 during peripheral and −18 ± 3 during intraportal glucose infusion. The net hindlimb glucose uptakes (in mg/min) were 5.0 ± 1.2, 20.4 ± 4.5, and 14.8 ± 3.2 during baseline, peripheral, and intraportal glucose infusion periods, respectively ( P < 0.01, peripheral vs. intraportal); the hindlimb glucose fractional extractions (in %) were 2.8 ± 0.4, 4.7 ± 0.8, and 3.9 ± 0.5 during baseline, peripheral, and intraportal glucose infusions, respectively ( P < 0.05, peripheral vs. intraportal). The net whole body nonhepatic glucose uptakes (in mg ⋅ kg−1⋅ min−1) were 1.6 ± 0.1, 7.9 ± 1.3, and 5.4 ± 1.1 during baseline, peripheral, and intraportal glucose infusion, respectively ( P < 0.05, peripheral vs. intraportal). In the liver, net glucose uptake was 70% greater during intraportal than during peripheral glucose infusion (5.8 ± 0.7 vs. 3.4 ± 0.4 mg ⋅ kg−1⋅ min−1). In conclusion, despite comparable glucose loads and insulin levels, hindlimb and whole body net nonhepatic glucose uptake decreased significantly during portal venous glucose infusion, suggesting that a negative a-pv glucose gradient leads to an inhibitory signal in nonhepatic tissues, among which skeletal muscle appears to be the most important.
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Rottman, Jeffrey N., Deanna Bracy, Carlo Malabanan, Zou Yue, Jeff Clanton, and David H. Wasserman. "Contrasting effects of exercise and NOS inhibition on tissue-specific fatty acid and glucose uptake in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 283, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): E116—E123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00545.2001.

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Isotopic techniques were used to test the hypothesis that exercise and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition have distinct effects on tissue-specific fatty acid and glucose uptakes in a conscious, chronically catheterized mouse model. Uptakes were measured using the radioactive tracers125I-labeled β-methyl- p-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) and deoxy-[2-3H]glucose (DG) during treadmill exercise with and without inhibition of NOS. [125I]BMIPP uptake at rest differed substantially among tissues with the highest levels in heart. With exercise, [125I]BMIPP uptake increased in both heart and skeletal muscles. In sedentary mice, NOS inhibition induced by nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) feeding increased heart and soleus [125I]BMIPP uptake. In contrast, exercise, but not l-NAME feeding, resulted in increased heart and skeletal muscle [2-3H]DG uptake. Significant interactions were not observed in the effects of combined exercise and l-NAME feeding on [125I]BMIPP and [2-3H]DG uptakes. In the conscious mouse, exercise and NOS inhibition produce distinct patterns of tissue-specific fatty acid and glucose uptake; NOS is not required for important components of exercise-associated metabolic signaling, or other mechanisms compensate for the absence of this regulatory mechanism.
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Nuutila, P., M. J. Knuuti, M. Raitakari, U. Ruotsalainen, M. Teras, L. M. Voipio-Pulkki, M. Haaparanta, O. Solin, U. Wegelius, and H. Yki-Jarvinen. "Effect of antilipolysis on heart and skeletal muscle glucose uptake in overnight fasted humans." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 267, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): E941—E946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1994.267.6.e941.

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We quantitated how lowering of free fatty acid (FFA) by an antilipolytic agent (acipimox) in the fasting state changes glucose uptake in heart and skeletal muscles. Glucose uptake in these tissues was measured two times in seven normal subjects, once after acipimox and once after placebo, using positron emission tomography-derived [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose kinetics. Plasma glucose and insulin remained at their fasting concentrations in both studies. Fasting FFA concentrations were 60% lower after acipimox (238 +/- 39) than placebo (645 +/- 78 mumol/l, P < 0.001). Glucose uptake increased 6 +/- 2-fold in the heart by acipimox (344 +/- 49 vs. 108 +/- 40 mumol.kg muscle-1.min-1, P < 0.002) and 1.5-fold in arm muscles (27.7 +/- 2.6 vs. 18.6 +/- 1.2 mumol.kg muscle-1.min-1, P < 0.02). Heart (r = -0.93, P < 0.001) and arm (r = -0.82, P < 0.001) glucose uptakes were inversely related to serum FFA. We conclude that serum FFA are inversely related to glucose uptake in heart and arm skeletal muscles after an overnight fast. These data indicate that compensatory glycogenolysis, although it may occur, does not prevent operation of the glucose-FFA cycle under fasting conditions.
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Huang, Jianpan, Peter C. M. van Zijl, Xiongqi Han, Celia M. Dong, Gerald W. Y. Cheng, Kai-Hei Tse, Linda Knutsson, et al. "Altered d-glucose in brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid of early Alzheimer’s disease detected by dynamic glucose-enhanced MRI." Science Advances 6, no. 20 (May 2020): eaba3884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba3884.

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Altered cerebral glucose uptake is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach was developed to simultaneously monitor d-glucose uptake and clearance in both brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We observed substantially higher uptake in parenchyma of young (6 months) transgenic AD mice compared to age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Notably lower uptakes were observed in parenchyma and CSF of old (16 months) AD mice. Both young and old AD mice had an obviously slower CSF clearance than age-matched WT mice. This resembles recent reports of the hampered CSF clearance that leads to protein accumulation in the brain. These findings suggest that DGE MRI can identify altered glucose uptake and clearance in young AD mice upon the emergence of amyloid plaques. DGE MRI of brain parenchyma and CSF has potential for early AD stratification, especially at 3T clinical field strength MRI.
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de la Torre, Alejandro J., Daniela Rogoff, and Perrin C. White. "P53 and Cellular Glucose Uptake." Endocrine Research 38, no. 1 (August 2, 2012): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07435800.2012.710883.

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Hutchinson, Lisa. "Novel glucose uptake imaging method." Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 10, no. 9 (July 16, 2013): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.130.

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Khanna, S. "Glucose uptake by Cellulomonas fimi." World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 9, no. 5 (September 1993): 559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00386293.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Glucose uptake"

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Sheard, J. P. "Glucose uptake by pea mesophyll protoplasts." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235210.

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Duffner, Jack Patrick. "Synthesis of Benzimidazolone Glucose Uptake Inhibitors." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524832705752963.

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Davey, Katherine. "Glucose uptake and phosphorylation in the heart." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/glucose-uptake-and-phosphorylation-in-the-heart(1e0e9256-d785-45fb-9eda-bc0cc75fb8bd).html.

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Franklund, Clifton Victor. "Glucose Uptake by the Cellulolytic Rumen Anaerobe Bacteroides Succinogenes." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 1986. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28338.

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Glucose uptake by the cellulclytic rumen anaerobe, Bacteroides succinogenes S85, was measured under conditions that maintained anaerobiosis and osmotic stability. This organism was found to possess a highly specific, active transport mechanism for glucose. Evidence for a phosphoenol-pyruvate:g1ucose phosphotransferase system was not detected. Compounds that inhibit electron transport systems (non-heme iron chelators, and sulfhydryl reagents) were effective inhibitors of glucose uptake. The strongest inhibitors were compounds (proton and metal ionophores) that interfere with maintenance of the proton motive force. Compounds which interfere with ATP synthesis also inhibited glucose uptake, but a role for ATP in energizing uptake could not be inferred from these results. Oxygen prevented glucose uptake (75% inhibition), reflecting possible active sulfhydryl centers (above) or autooxidation of electron transport components. The results suggest the fumarate reductase-coupled electron transport system of B. succinogenes can generate a proton motive force that is used to energize glucose uptake. Na+ and Li+. but not K+, stimulated glucose uptake and may partly account for the growth requirement of B. succinogenes for Na+. However, the data were insufficient to conclude that glucose uptake occurs by a Na+ symport mechanism. Spheroplasts of B. succinogenes transported glucose as well as whole cells, indicating glucose uptake is not dependent on a periplasmic glucose binding protein. A variety of sugars including the nonmetabolizable analog, [inversely proportional symbol]-methylglucoside. did not inhibit glucose uptake. Only cellobiose and 2-deoxyglucose were active and neither behaved as a competitive inhibitor. Metabolism of both sugars was probably responsible for the inhibition. Cellobiose-grcwn B. succinogenes showed a reduced ability to transport glucose compared to glucose-grown cells. This may indicate regulation of synthesis of the glucose carrier protein by cellobiose through a mechanism other than catabolite repression. Differences in the ability to transport glucose were detected between transition cells (transition from lag to log phase of growth) and log-phase cells. However, the differences were not due to different glucose transport mechanisms. Alterations in the structural integrity of the cell envelope, as reflected by osmotic- and cold-sensitivity features of transition and log cells, may have affected the glucose uptake abilities in these cell types.
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Chernogubova, Ekaterina. "Adrenergic stimulation of glucose uptake in brown adipocytes." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : The Wenner-Gren institute, Stockholm university, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-549.

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Roberts, Dennis A. "Design and Synthesis of Stable Glucose Uptake Inhibitors." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou14791141897033.

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Martino, Paul F. "The effects of dantrolene on post exercise glucose uptake." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020145.

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The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between calcium and glucose uptake following muscle contraction with the use of the calcium channel blocker dantrolene. In previous studies an exercise model has been used to investigate the role of calcium during post-exercise glucose uptake. This study utilized electrical stimulation. It has been shown that exercise-induced glucose uptake is calciummediated, but to date no one has shown that glucose transport induced by electrical stimulation is calcium-mediated. Twenty four male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 140 g were sacrificed and their epitrochlearis muscles were removed. Four treatment groups were established: control, muscle incubated in glucose (4mM); insulin, muscles incubated in glucose (4mM) and insulin (1000uU/ml); electrical stimulation, at 50 Hz for two five minute intervals separated by one minute rest periods; insulin (1000uU/ml) and electrical stimulation at 50 Hz for two five minute intervals separated by one minute intervals. Each group consisted of contain 8-10 muscle preparations. Glucose uptake was measured through the use of a double label of radioactive mannitol and 3-O-methylglucose and analyzed using liquid scintillation. This project followed a randomized group design. Treatments were measured with a one way ANOVA.
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Douen, A. G. "The mechanism of D-glucose uptake in rat adipocytes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378811.

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Turner, Mark C. "Cell culture models of insulin signalling and glucose uptake." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19582.

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Insulin maintains glucose homeostasis through its binding of the insulin receptor and activation of the insulin signalling cascade in insulin sensitive tissues. Skeletal muscle is a major endocrine organ, and is responsible for the majority of post-prandial glucose disposal. The maintenance of glucose homeostasis is a delicate balance and impairments in glucose disposal can have significant physiological effects, resulting in the onset of metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Insulin stimulated glucose uptake involves a number of signalling proteins to enable uptake to occur. In order to understand the complexities associated with the insulin signalling cascade, cell culture models have provided a controlled and easily manipulated environment in which to investigate insulin stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. While the majority of these experiments have been conducted in conventional monolayer cultures, the growing field of three-dimensional tissue engineering provides an alternative environment in which skeletal muscle cells can be grown to investigate their physiological function. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the use of different cell culture models for investigating the effects of acute and chronic insulin exposure on skeletal muscle. Initial investigations aimed to establish glucose uptake in tissue engineering skeletal muscle constructs using tritium labelled (H3) 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Monolayer cultures were used to developed base line conditions. In these cultures, concentrations greater than 0.5 μCi for 15 minutes of insulin stimulation suggested an initial assay window for investigating insulin stimulated glucose uptake. However, the duration of insulin stimulation was not effective in measuring uptake in tissue engineered skeletal muscle constructs based upon western blot experiments of Akt phosphorylation, therefore insulin stimulation in skeletal muscle tissue engineered constructs was increased to 30 minutes. Glucose uptake is mediated via specific glucose transporter protein, GLUT1 and GLUT4. Therefore, the transcriptional profile of these transporters was elucidated in monolayer culture and tissue engineered skeletal muscle constructs. Time course experiments showed an increase in GLUT4 transcription in tissue engineered and monolayer culture systems which is associated with an increase in the transcription of skeletal muscle development and myogenic genes. In two dimensional culture, skeletal muscle cells were exposed to insulin during differentiation and in post-mitotic skeletal muscle myotubes to investigating the potential effects upon metabolic genes and proteins involved in insulin signalling. Chronic exposure to insulin during skeletal muscle differentiation reduced insulin signalling and resulted in an increase in basal glucose uptake and ablated insulin stimulated glucose uptake. In contrast, post-mitotic skeletal muscle myotubes did not shown similar changes and were not as responsive to acute insulin exposure. Therefore future experiments exposed skeletal muscle to insulin during differentiation. Using the previous findings as a basis for experimentation, the effects of chronic and acute insulin exposure upon three dimensional skeletal muscle constructs were investigated. Fibrin and collagen constructs were grown for a total period of 14 days. Constructs were exposed to insulin during differentiation and acutely stimulated for 30 minutes at day 14. Although there was a mean increase in Akt protein phosphorylation in both types of tissue-engineered constructs, these changes were not significant following acute insulin stimulation. In addition, glucose uptake in fibrin skeletal muscle constructs increased as a result of acute insulin stimulation however was not significantly difference to unstimulated constructs. The work presented in this thesis provides initial experimental data of the use of different skeletal muscle cell culture models for investigating insulin signalling and glucose uptake. Further research should further characterise these in vitro models for investigating skeletal muscle metabolism.
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Brenner, Corinne. "Immune-mediated regulation of glucose uptake in human adipocytes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7126.

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I have investigated the potential role of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in mediating adipose inflammation in obesity. TLRs are a family of pattern recognition receptors that play a key role in host defence and are also implicated in chronic inflammatory disorders. The finding that TLR4-deficient mice are protected against obesity-induced diabetes led me to hypothesise that TLR expression on adipocytes could play a role in obesity-induced adipose inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. The first chapter investigates the expression and function of TLRs in in vitro differentiated human subcutaneous adipocytes. I found that stimulation with ligands for TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4 but not the other TLRs, induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. I also explored the use of the TLR adapter molecules MyD88, Mal and TRIF by different TLRs. The second chapter examines whether TLR activation in adipocytes has an effect on glucose uptake. I established a 3H-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DOG) uptake assay which led to an interesting yet unexpected observation: Stimulation with TLR3 and TLR4 ligands led to a decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake but at the same time, insulin-independent glucose uptake was increased. I showed that these observations are at least partly due to altered expression of different glucose transporter (GLUT) isoforms. As the effects were seen only after prolonged TLR stimulation, I speculated that this was mediated via a secondary secreted factor. The third chapter is based on a cytokine and adipokine array, which I performed to identify cytokines that may be responsible for the effects described in Chapter 2. The secretion of several cytokines/chemokines with diverse pro-inflammatory functions was observed following stimulation with TLR3 and TLR4 ligands. The contribution of some of these factors to altered glucose handling was investigated. Whilst a contribution for ENA-78 was ruled out, I present evidence that IL-1 can contribute to this.
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Books on the topic "Glucose uptake"

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Sheard, Jonathan P. Glucose uptake by pea mesophyll protoplasts. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1988.

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Sarabia, Vivian E. Calcium homeostasis and regulation of glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle cells in culture. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Wan, Calvin Ka Nung. The effects of pioglitazone on hepatic and peripheral glucose uptake in diabetic dogs studied by a novel intraportal glucose loading-euglycemic clamp method. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1995.

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Lu, Bing. The effect of oxidative stress on vandate and insulin stimulation of glucose uptake in rat adipocytes. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1996.

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Shahi, B. Chopra. Studies on the uptake and utilization of pyruvate and glucose by isolated segmental ganglia of the leech Haemopis Sanguisuga. Salford: University of Salford, 1987.

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Asefaw, Senai. Stimulation of myocardial AMP-activated protein kinase by AICAR increases cardiac glucose uptake and causes GLUT4 and GLUT1 translocation in vivo. [New Haven, Conn: s.n.], 1999.

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Hunnisett, Douglas J. Leptin demonstrates no significant effect on basal or insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake and C14-labelled glucose incorporation into glycogen in L6 myotubes. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.

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Glucose Uptake: Regulation, Signaling Pathways and Health Implications. Nova Science Pub Inc, 2013.

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Somwar, Romel. GLUT4 activation: A component of the stimulation of glucose uptake by insulin. 2002.

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Konrad, Daniel. The role of GLUT4 activation in glucose uptake: Potential implication for insulin resistance? 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Glucose uptake"

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Lee, Eunice E., and Richard C. Wang. "Glucose Uptake in Heterologous Expression Systems." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 57–67. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7507-5_5.

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Jensen, Thomas E., Jonas R. Knudsen, Carlos Henriquez-Olguin, Lykke Sylow, Glenn McConell, and Erik A. Richter. "Exercise-Regulated Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake." In Physiology in Health and Disease, 115–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9_6.

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Shi, Jun, and Konstantin V. Kandror. "Study of Glucose Uptake in Adipose Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 307–15. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-245-8_23.

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Kim, Chaekyun, and Seongtag Kim. "Taurine Chloramine Inhibits LPS-Induced Glucose Uptake." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 473–80. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75681-3_49.

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Wasserman, David H., and Amy E. Halseth. "An Overview of Muscle Glucose Uptake during Exercise." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1928-1_1.

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Bihler, I. "Control of Glucose Uptake and Utilization in the Myocardium." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 355–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2053-1_23.

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Delpiano, M. A. "Evidence for Glucose Uptake in the Rabbit Carotid Body." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 111–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2966-8_16.

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Larsen, Erik Hviid, and Jens Nørkær Sørensen. "Stationary and Nonstationary Ion and Water Flux Interactions in Kidney Proximal Tubule: Mathematical Analysis of Isosmotic Transport by a Minimalistic Model." In Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, 101–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/112_2019_16.

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AbstractOur mathematical model of epithelial transport (Larsen et al. Acta Physiol. 195:171–186, 2009) is extended by equations for currents and conductance of apical SGLT2. With independent variables of the physiological parameter space, the model reproduces intracellular solute concentrations, ion and water fluxes, and electrophysiology of proximal convoluted tubule. The following were shown: Water flux is given by active Na+ flux into lateral spaces, while osmolarity of absorbed fluid depends on osmotic permeability of apical membranes. Following aquaporin “knock-out,” water uptake is not reduced but redirected to the paracellular pathway. Reported decrease in epithelial water uptake in aquaporin-1 knock-out mouse is caused by downregulation of active Na+ absorption. Luminal glucose stimulates Na+ uptake by instantaneous depolarization-induced pump activity (“cross-talk”) and delayed stimulation because of slow rise in intracellular [Na+]. Rate of fluid absorption and flux of active K+ absorption would have to be attuned at epithelial cell level for the [K+] of the absorbate being in the physiological range of interstitial [K+]. Following unilateral osmotic perturbation, time course of water fluxes between intraepithelial compartments provides physical explanation for the transepithelial osmotic permeability being orders of magnitude smaller than cell membranes’ osmotic permeability. Fluid absorption is always hyperosmotic to bath. Deviation from isosmotic absorption is increased in presence of glucose contrasting experimental studies showing isosmotic transport being independent of glucose uptake. For achieving isosmotic transport, the cost of Na+ recirculation is predicted to be but a few percent of the energy consumption of Na+/K+ pumps.
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Alvarez-Buylla, Ramón, Alberto Huberman, Sergio Montero, and Elena Roces de Alvarez-Buylla. "Functional Activation of Cerebral Glucose Uptake after Carotid Body Stimulation." In Frontiers in Arterial Chemoreception, 411–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5891-0_64.

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Shukla, Surendra K., Scott E. Mulder, and Pankaj K. Singh. "Hypoxia-Mediated In Vivo Tumor Glucose Uptake Measurement and Analysis." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 107–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7665-2_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Glucose uptake"

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Smieja, Jaroslaw. "Comparison of Models of Glucose Uptake." In Biomedical Engineering. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2012.764-103.

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Libby, Catherine J., Sixue Zhang, Gloria A. Benavides, Yanjie Li, Matthew Redmann, Anh N. Tran, Arphaxad Otamias, et al. "Abstract 1666: Novel glucose transporter inhibitors decrease glioblastoma growth and glucose uptake." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-1666.

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Valley, Michael P., Mary Sobol, Jolanta Vidugiriene, and James J. Cali. "Abstract 5435: A bioluminescent assay for measuring glucose uptake." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-5435.

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Tzror-Azankot, Chen, Tamar Sadan, Ayelet Atkins, Menachem Motiei, and Rachela Popovtzer. "Preferential uptake of glucose-functionalized liposomes by cancer cells." In Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications XIX, edited by Dror Fixler, Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu, and Ewa M. Goldys. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2608826.

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Frille, Armin, Karen Geva Steinhoff, Swen Hesse, Hubert Wirtz, Osama Sabri, and Hans-Juergen Seyfarth. "Pulmonary glucose uptake measured by positron emission tomography in pulmonary hypertension." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2463.

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Sanchez-Villavicencio, ML, N. Elamer, L. Joseph, A. Saleem, B. Hall, CS Harris, A. Cuerrier, JT Arnason, and PS Haddad. "Non-polar solvent fractions of Oplopanax horridus stimulate muscle glucose uptake and inhibit hepatocellular glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme activity." In Abstracts of the NHPRS – The 15th Annual Meeting of the Natural Health Products Research Society of Canada (NHPRS). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644932.

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Rocha, Andreia, Bruna Bellaver, Luiza Machado, Carolina Soares, Pâmela C. L. Ferreira, Samuel Greggio Gianina T. Venturin, Jaderson C. da Costa, Diogo O. Souza, and Eduardo R. Zimmer. "TEMPORAL CHANGES IN ASTROCYTES ON A TRANSGENIC RAT MODEL OF AD." In XIII Meeting of Researchers on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1980-5764.rpda023.

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Background: Recent evidences have pointed to astrocytes as important players in the Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathogenesis. Objective: With this in mind, we aim to longitudinally investigate astrocyte changes in a new important AD transgenic model, the TgF344-AD rat, the first animal model harboring human APP/PS1 mutations which presents age-dependent amyloid and tau pathology. Methods: TgF344-AD rats and wild type littermates were evaluated in three time points: 3, 6 and 9 months of age. Rats underwent a [18F]FDG-microPET, a spatial-memory, an astrocytes CSF biomarkers (ELISA multiplex) and a glutamate uptake (ex-vivo slices) analysis. Examination of further time-points are being conducted at the moment. Results: At 9 months of age, TgF344-AD animals presented an increase in the cortical [18F]FDG uptake and a decline in their alternance performance in the Y-maze task. In the CSF analysis, GFAP was elevated at both 6 months and 9 months, while S100B presented a decrease at 6mo. Additionally, the cortical glutamate uptake was increased at 9 months. Conclusion: This study is the first to longitudinally investigate the in vivo brain glucose metabolism in the TgF344-AD rat model. Our results suggest that this model presents an early increase on glucose metabolism which may be related to astrocytes activation and the increase of glutamate uptake by these cells. Furthermore, we also identified a spatial memory impairment at the same age.
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Gwak, HyeRan, Jae Hong No, and Yong Sang Song. "Abstract 1851: Resveratrol impairs GLUT-1 mediated glucose uptake in ovarian cancer cells ." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1851.

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Zhang, Wujie, Jianhua Rong, Qian Wang, and Xiaoming He. "Synthesis, Cellular Uptake, and Cytotoxicity of a Thermally Responsive Nanocapsule." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206872.

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Recently, polymeric nanoparticles have attracted tremendous interests as a useful tool to encapsulate therapeutic drugs, genes, and proteins for their controlled and sustained delivery. Among them, polymeric hydrogel nanoparticles with thermal and/or pH responsiveness have attracted particular attention [1]. Trehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide of glucose, has been demonstrated to be a potent, nontoxic bioprotectant for stabilizing lipids, proteins, viruses, and blood cells at cryogenic and particularly, ambient temperatures (i.e., cryo and lyopreservation) [2]. However, intracellular delivery of trehalose into small eukaryotic mammalian cells in a large quantity for biostabilization purpose has not been very successful so far [2]. In this study, a thermally responsive polymeric nanocapsule was synthesized and characterized with the aim to encapsulate trehalose for its intracellular delivery.
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Roy, Ruchi, and Shivendra V. Singh. "Abstract 833: Benzyl isothiocyanate mediates glucose uptake through AKT activation in breast cancer cells." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-833.

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Reports on the topic "Glucose uptake"

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Lekhanya, Portia Keabetswe, and Kabelo Mokgalaboni. Exploring the effectiveness of vitamin B12 complex and alpha-lipoic acid as a treatment for diabetic neuropathy. Protocol for systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0167.

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Review question / Objective: Does Alpha-Lipoic acid increase the uptake of glucose for better glycaemic control? Does vitamin B12 and Alpha-Lipoic acid improve inflammation? The aim of the study is to explore the effectiveness of Vitamin B12 and Alpha-Lipoic Acid as a possible treatment for diabetic neuropathy with major emphasis on markers of inflammation and glucose metabolism. Condition being studied: Diabetic Neuropathy (DN) is a heterogeneous type of nerve damage associated with diabetes mellitus, the condition most often damages nerves in the legs and feet. It presents both clinically and sub-clinically affecting the peripheral nervous system as a result of an increase in glucose concentration which interferes with nerve signalling. After the discovery of insulin as a treatment for Diabetes Mellitus (DM), the prevalence of DN has since increased significantly due to DM patients having a longer life expectancy. It has been estimated that atleast 50% of DM patients will develop DN in their life, with approximately 20% of these patients experiencing neuropathic pain. Nerves are susceptible to changes in glucose concentrations and insulin makes it impossible for neurons to continue regulating glucose uptake.
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Brosius, III, F. C. Molecular mechanisms of enhanced [18F] fluorodeoxy glucose (FDG) uptake in isochemically injured myocardium: the role of glucose transporter and hexokinase expression. Final technical report for period August 1, 1993--November 30, 1997. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/763949.

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Wong, Eric A., and Zehava Uni. Nutrition of the Developing Chick Embryo: Nutrient Uptake Systems of the Yolk Sac Membrane and Embryonic Intestine. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697119.bard.

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We have examined the developmental changes in composition, amount, and uptake of yolk nutrients (fat, protein, water and carbohydrates) and the expression ofnutrient transporters in the yolk sac membrane (YSM) from embryonic day 11 (Ell) to 21 (E21) and small intestine from embryonic day 15 (E15) to E21 in embryos from young (22-25 wk) and old (45-50 wk) Cobb and Leghorn breeder flocks. The developmental expression profiles for the peptide transporter 1 (PepTl), the amino acid transporters, EAAT3, CAT-1 and BOAT, the sodium glucose transporter (SGLTl), the fructose transporter (GLUT5), the digestive enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN) and sucraseisomaltase (SI) were assayed by the absolute quantification real time PCR method in the YSM and embryonic intestine. Different temporal patterns of expression were observed for these genes. The effect of in ovo injection of peptides (the dipeptide Gly-Sar, purified peptides, trypsin hydrolysate) on transporter gene expression has been examined in the embryonic intestine. Injection of a partial protein hydrolysate resulted in an increase in expression of the peptide transporter PepT2. We have initiated a transcriptome analysis of genes expressed in the YSM at different developmental ages to better understand the function of the YSM.
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Huber, John Tal, Joshuah Miron, Brent Theurer, Israel Bruckental, and Spencer Swingle. Influence of Ruminal Starch Degradability on Performance of High Producing Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568748.bard.

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This research project entitled "Influence of Ruminal Starch Degradability on Performance of High Producing Dairy Cows" had the following objectives: a) Determine effects of feeding varying amounts of ruminally degradable starch (RDS) on efficiency of milk and milk protein production; and 2) Investigate digestive and metabolic mechanisms relating to lactation responses to diets varying in ruminal and total starch degradability. Four lactation studies with high producing cows were conducted in which steam-flaked (~ 75% RDS) was compared with dry-rolled sorghum (~ 50% RDS) grain. All studies demonstrated increased efficiency of conversion of feed to milk (FCM/DMI) and milk protein as amount of RDS in the diet increased by feeding steam-flaked sorghum. As RDS in diets increased, either by increased steam-flaked sorghum, grinding of sorghum, or increasing the proportion of wheat to sorghum, so also did ruminal and total tract digestibilities of starch and neutral-detergent soluble (NDS) carbohydrate. Despite other research by these two groups of workers showing increased non-ammonia N (NAN) flowing from the rumen to the duodenum with higher RDS, only one of the present studies showed such an effect. Post-absorptive studies showed that higher dietary RDS resulted in greater urea recycling, more propionate absorption, a tendency for greater output of glucose by the liver, and increased uptake of alpha-amino nitrogen by the mammary gland. These studies have shown that processing sorghum grain through steam-flaking increases RDS and results in greater yields and efficiency of production of milk and milk protein in high producing dairy cows.
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Borch, Thomas, Yitzhak Hadar, and Tamara Polubesova. Environmental fate of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: Biodegradation, complexation, and photodegradation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597927.bard.

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Many pharmaceutical compounds are active at very low doses, and a portion of them regularly enters municipal sewage systems and wastewater-treatment plants following use, where they often do not fully degrade. Two such compounds, CBZ and LTG, have been detected in wastewater effluents, surface waters, drinking water, and irrigation water, where they pose a risk to the environment and the food supply. These compounds are expected to interact with organic matter in the environment, but little is known about the effect of such interactions on their environmental fate and transport. The original objectives of our research, as defined in the approved proposal, were to: Determine the rates, mechanisms and products of photodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites in waters exposed to near UV light, and the influence of DOM type and binding processes on photodegradation. Determine the potential and pathways for biodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites using a white rot fungus (Pleurotusostreatus) and ADP, and reveal the effect of DOM complexation on these processes. Reveal the major mechanisms of binding of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to DOM and soil in the presence of DOM, and evaluate the effect of this binding on their photodegradation and/or biodegradation. We determined that LTG undergoes relatively slow photodegradation when exposed to UV light, and that pH affects each of LTG’s ability to absorb UV light, the efficiency of the resulting reaction, and the identities of LTG’sphotoproducts (t½ = 230 to 500 h during summer at latitude 40 °N). We observed that LTG’sphotodegradation is enhanced in the presence of DOM, and hypothesized that LTG undergoes direct reactions with DOM components through nucleophilic substitution reactions. In combination, these data suggest that LTG’s fate and transport in surface waters are controlled by environmental conditions that vary with time and location, potentially affecting the environment and irrigation waters. We determined that P. ostreatusgrows faster in a rich liquid medium (glucose peptone) than on a natural lignocellulosic substrate (cotton stalks) under SSF conditions, but that the overall CBZ removal rate was similar in both media. Different and more varied transformation products formed in the solid state culture, and we hypothesized that CBZ degradation would proceed further when P. ostreatusand the ᵉⁿᶻʸᵐᵃᵗⁱᶜ ᵖʳᵒᶠⁱˡᵉ ʷᵉʳᵉ ᵗᵘⁿᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ˡⁱᵍⁿⁱⁿ ᵈᵉᵍʳᵃᵈᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ. ᵂᵉ ᵒᵇˢᵉʳᵛᵉᵈ ¹⁴C⁻Cᴼ2 ʳᵉˡᵉᵃˢᵉ ʷʰᵉⁿ ¹⁴C⁻ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿʸˡ⁻ labeled CBZ was used as the substrate in the solid state culture (17.4% of the initial radioactivity after 63 days of incubation), but could not conclude that mineralization had occurred. In comparison, we determined that LTG does not degrade in agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewater, but that P. ostreatusremoves up to 70% of LTG in a glucose peptone medium. We detected various metabolites, including N-oxides and glycosides, but are still working to determine the degradation pathway. In combination, these data suggest that P. ostreatuscould be an innovative and effective tool for CBZ and LTG remediation in the environment and in wastewater used for irrigation. In batch experiments, we determined that the sorption of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to agricultural soils was governed mainly by SOM levels. In lysimeter experiments, we also observed LTG and CBZ accumulation in top soil layers enriched with organic matter. However, we detected CBZ and one of its metabolites in rain-fed wheat previously irrigated with treated wastewater, suggesting that their sorption was reversible, and indicating the potential for plant uptake and leaching. Finally, we used macroscale analyses (including adsorption/desorption trials and resin-based separations) with molecular- level characterization by FT-ICR MS to demonstrate the adsorptive fractionation of DOM from composted biosolids by mineral soil. This suggests that changes in soil and organic matter types will influence the extent of LTG and CBZ sorption to agricultural soils, as well as the potential for plant uptake and leaching.
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Shenker, Moshe, Paul R. Bloom, Abraham Shaviv, Adina Paytan, Barbara J. Cade-Menun, Yona Chen, and Jorge Tarchitzky. Fate of Phosphorus Originated from Treated Wastewater and Biosolids in Soils: Speciation, Transport, and Accumulation. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697103.bard.

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Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction.
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Granot, David, Richard Amasino, and Avner Silber. Mutual effects of hexose phosphorylation enzymes and phosphorous on plant development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587223.bard.

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Research objectives 1) Analyze the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P level in tomato and Arabidopsis plants 2) Analyze the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P level in pho1 and pho2 Arabidopsis mutants 3) Clone and analyze the PHO2 gene 4) Select Arabidopsis mutants resistant to high and low P 5) Analyze the Arabidopsis mutants and clone the corresponding genes 6) Survey wild tomato species for growth characteristics at various P levels Background to the topic Hexose phosphorylating enzymes, the first enzymes of sugar metabolism, regulate key processes in plants such as photosynthesis, growth, senescence and vascular transport. We have previously discovered that hexose phosphorylating enzymes might regulate these processes as a function of phosphorous (P) concentration, and might accelerate acquisition of P, one of the most limiting nutrients in the soil. These discoveries have opened new avenues to gain fundamental knowledge about the relationship between P, sugar phosphorylation and plant development. Since both hexose phosphorylating enzymes and P levels affect plant development, their interaction is of major importance for agriculture. Due to the acceleration of senescence caused by the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P concentration, traits affecting P uptake may have been lost in the course of cultivation in which fertilization with relatively high P (30 mg/L) are commonly used. We therefore intended to survey wild tomato species for high P-acquisition at low P soil levels. Genetic resources with high P-acquisition will serve not only to generate a segregating population to map the trait and clone the gene, but will also provide a means to follow the trait in classical breeding programs. This approach could potentially be applicable for other crops as well. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Our results confirm the mutual effect of hexose phosphorylating enzymes and P level on plant development. Two major aspects of this mutual effect arose. One is related to P toxicity in which HXK seems to play a major role, and the second is related to the effect of HXK on P concentration in the plant. Using tomato plants we demonstrated that high HXK activity increased leaf P concentration, and induced P toxicity when leaf P concentration increases above a certain high level. These results further support our prediction that the desired trait of high-P acquisition might have been lost in the course of cultivation and might exist in wild species. Indeed, in a survey of wild species we identified tomato species that acquired P and performed better at low P (in the irrigation water) compared to the cultivated Lycopersicon esculentum species. The connection between hexose phosphorylation and P toxicity has also been shown with the P sensitive species VerticordiaplumosaL . in which P toxicity is manifested by accelerated senescence (Silber et al., 2003). In a previous work we uncovered the phenomenon of sugar induced cell death (SICD) in yeast cells. Subsequently we showed that SICD is dependent on the rate of hexose phosphorylation as determined by Arabidopsis thaliana hexokinase. In this study we have shown that hexokinase dependent SICD has many characteristics of programmed cell death (PCD) (Granot et al., 2003). High hexokinase activity accelerates senescence (a PCD process) of tomato plants, which is further enhanced by high P. Hence, hexokinase mediated PCD might be a general phenomena. Botrytis cinerea is a non-specific, necrotrophic pathogen that attacks many plant species, including tomato. Senescing leaves are particularly susceptible to B. cinerea infection and delaying leaf senescence might reduce this susceptibility. It has been suggested that B. cinerea’s mode of action may be based on induction of precocious senescence. Using tomato plants developed in the course of the preceding BARD grant (IS 2894-97) and characterized throughout this research (Swartzberg et al., 2006), we have shown that B. cinerea indeed induces senescence and is inhibited by autoregulated production of cytokinin (Swartzberg et al., submitted). To further determine how hexokinase mediates sugar effects we have analyzed tomato plants that express Arabidopsis HXK1 (AtHXK1) grown at different P levels in the irrigation water. We found that Arabidopsis hexokinase mediates sugar signalling in tomato plants independently of hexose phosphate (Kandel-Kfir et al., submitted). To study which hexokinase is involved in sugar sensing we searched and identified two additional HXK genes in tomato plants (Kandel-Kfir et al., 2006). Tomato plants have two different hexose phosphorylating enzymes; hexokinases (HXKs) that can phosphorylate either glucose or fructose, and fructokinases (FRKs) that specifically phosphorylate fructose. To complete the search for genes encoding hexose phosphorylating enzymes we identified a forth fructokinase gene (FRK) (German et al., 2004). The intracellular localization of the four tomato HXK and four FRK enzymes has been determined using GFP fusion analysis in tobacco protoplasts (Kandel-Kfir et al., 2006; Hilla-Weissler et al., 2006). One of the HXK isozymes and one of the FRK isozymes are located within plastids. The other three HXK isozymes are associated with the mitochondria while the other three FRK isozymes are dispersed in the cytosol. We concluded that HXK and FRK are spatially separated in plant cytoplasm and accordingly might play different metabolic and perhaps signalling roles. We have started to analyze the role of the various HXK and FRK genes in plant development. So far we found that LeFRK2 is required for xylem development (German et al., 2003). Irrigation with different P levels had no effect on the phenotype of LeFRK2 antisense plants. In the course of this research we developed a rapid method for the analysis of zygosity in transgenic plants (German et al., 2003).
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