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Farah, Ashraf. "Kinematic-PPP using Single/Dual Frequency Observations from (GPS, GLONASS and GPS/GLONASS) Constellations for Hydrography." Artificial Satellites 53, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2018-0004.
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Abstract Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is ideally suited for inshore and offshore positioning because of its high accuracy and the short observation time required for a position fix. Precise point positioning (PPP) is a technique used for position computation with a high accuracy using a single GNSS receiver. It relies on highly accurate satellite position and clock data that can be acquired from different sources such as the International GNSS Service (IGS). PPP precision varies based on positioning technique (static or kinematic), observations type (single or dual frequency) and the duration of observations among other factors. PPP offers comparable accuracy to differential GPS with safe in cost and time. For many years, PPP users depended on GPS (American system) which considered the solely reliable system. GLONASS's contribution in PPP techniques was limited due to fail in maintaining full constellation. Yet, GLONASS limited observations could be integrated into GPS-based PPP to improve availability and precision. As GLONASS reached its full constellation early 2013, there is a wide interest in PPP systems based on GLONASS only and independent of GPS. This paper investigates the performance of kinematic PPP solution for the hydrographic applications in the Nile river (Aswan, Egypt) based on GPS, GLONASS and GPS/GLONASS constellations. The study investigates also the effect of using two different observation types; single-frequency and dual frequency observations from the tested constellations.
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Malik, Jabir Shabbir. "Performance Evaluation of Precise Point Positioning Using Dual Frequency Multi-GNSS Observations." Artificial Satellites 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 150–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2020-0011.
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Abstract In addition to GPS and GLONASS constellation, the number of (Global Navigation Satellite System) GNSS satellites are increasing, it is now possible to evaluate and analyze the position accuracy with multi GNSS constellation. In this paper, statistical assessment of static Precise Point Positioning (PPP) using GPS, GLONASS, dual system GPS/GLONASS, three system GPS/GLONASS/Galileo, GPS/GLONASS/BeiDou and multi system GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BeiDou PPP combinations is evaluated. Observation data of seven whole days from seven IGS multi GNSS experiment (MGEX) stations is used for analysis. Position accuracy and convergence time is analyzed. Results show that the GPS/GLONASS positioning accuracy increases over GPS PPP. Standard deviations (STDs) of position errors for GPS PPP are 4.63, 3.00 and 6.96 cm in east, north and up components while STDs for GPS/GLONASS PPP are 4.10, 3.42 and 6.50 cm respectively. Root mean square for three dimension (RMS3D) for GPS/GLONASS PPP solution is 8.96 cm. With the addition of Galileo and BeiDou to the combined GPS/GLONASS further enhances the positioning accuracy. Root mean square for horizontal component reach to 5.35 cm of GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BeiDou PPP solutions. Results analysis of GPS/GLONASS/Galileo PPP solutions show an improvement of convergence time by only 3.81% to achieve accuracy level of 3.0 cm over GPS/GLONASS/BeiDou PPP mode. Results also demonstrate that position accuracy improvement after adding BeiDou observations to the GPS/GLONASS PPP mode is not significant.
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Habrich, H., W. Gurtner, and M. Rothacher. "Processing of GLONASS and combined GLONASS/GPS observations." Advances in Space Research 23, no. 4 (January 1999): 655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(99)00136-2.
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Malik, Jabir Shabbir. "Performance Analysis of Static Precise Point Positioning Using Open-Source GAMP." Artificial Satellites 55, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2020-0004.
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AbstractIn addition to Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation, the number of Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) satellites is increasing; it is now possible to evaluate and analyze the position accuracy with both the GPS and GLONASS constellation. In this article, statistical analysis of static precise point positioning (PPP) using GPS-only, GLONASS-only, and combined GPS/GLONASS modes is evaluated. Observational data of 10 whole days from 10 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations are used for analysis. Position accuracy in east, north, up components, and carrier phase/code residuals is analyzed. Multi-GNSS PPP open-source package is used for the PPP performance analysis. The analysis also provides the GNSS researchers the understanding of the observational data processing algorithm. Calculation statistics reveal that standard deviation (STD) of horizontal component is 3.83, 13.80, and 3.33 cm for GPS-only, GLONASS-only, and combined GPS/GLONASS PPP solutions, respectively. Combined GPS/GLONASS PPP achieves better positioning accuracy in horizontal and three-dimensional (3D) accuracy compared with GPS-only and GLONASS-only PPP solutions. The results of the calculation show that combined GPS/GLONASS PPP improves, on an average, horizontal accuracy by 12.11% and 60.33% and 3D positioning accuracy by 10.39% and 66.78% compared with GPS-only and GLONASS-only solutions, respectively. In addition, the results also demonstrate that GPS-only solutions show an improvement of 54.23% and 62.54% compared with GLONASS-only PPP mode in horizontal and 3D components, respectively. Moreover, residuals of GLONASS ionosphere-free code observations are larger than the GPS code residuals. However, phase residuals of GPS and GLONASS phase observations are of the same magnitude.
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COOK, GERALD L. "GLONASS Performance, 1995-1997, and GPS-GLONASS Interoperability Issues." Navigation 44, no. 3 (September 1997): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-4296.1997.tb02348.x.
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Zheng, Yanli, Fu Zheng, Cheng Yang, Guigen Nie, and Shuhui Li. "Analyses of GLONASS and GPS+GLONASS Precise Positioning Performance in Different Latitude Regions." Remote Sensing 14, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 4640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14184640.
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The orbital inclination angle of the GLONASS constellation is about 10° larger than that of GPS, Galileo, and BDS. Theoretically, the higher orbital inclination angle could provide better observation geometry in high latitude regions. A wealth of research has investigated the positioning accuracy of GLONASS and its impact on multi-GNSS, but rarely considered the contribution of the GLONASS constellation’s large orbit inclination angle. The performance of GLONASS in different latitude regions is evaluated in both stand-alone mode and integration with GPS in this paper. The performance of GPS is also presented for comparison. Three international GNSS service (IGS) networks located in high, middle, and low latitudes are selected for the current study. Multi-GNSS data between January 2021 and June 2021 are used for the assessment. The data quality check shows that the GLONASS data integrity is significantly lower than that of GPS. The constellation visibility analysis indicates that GLONASS has a much better elevation distribution than GPS in high latitude regions. Both daily double-difference network solutions and daily static Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solutions are evaluated. The statistical analysis of coordinate estimates indicates that, in high latitude regions, GLONASS has a comparable or even better accuracy than that of GPS, and GPS+GLONASS presents the best estimate accuracy; in middle latitude regions, GPS stand-alone constellation provides the best positioning accuracy; in low latitude regions, GLONASS offers the worst accuracy, but the positioning accuracy of GPS+GLONASS is better than that of GPS. The tropospheric estimates of GLONASS do not present a resemblance regional advantage as coordinate estimates, which is worse than that of GPS in all three networks. The PPP processing with combined GPS and GLONASS observations reduces the convergence time and improves the accuracy of tropospheric estimates in all three networks.
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Ge, Yulong, WeiJin Qin, Xinyun Cao, Feng Zhou, Shengli Wang, and Xuhai Yang. "Consideration of GLONASS Inter-Frequency Code Biases in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) International Time Transfer." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081254.
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International time transfer based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) precise point positioning (PPP) is influenced by inter-frequency code biases (IFCBs) because of the application of frequency division multiple access technique. This work seeks to gain insight into the influence of GLONASS IFCBs on international time transfer based on GLONASS-only PPP. With a re-parameterization process, three IFCB handling schemes are proposed: neglecting IFCBs, estimating IFCB for each GLONASS frequency number, and estimating IFCB for each GLONASS satellite. Observation data collected from 39 globally distributed stations in a 71-day period (DOY 227–297, 2017) was exclusively processed. For the comparison reason, Global Positioning System (GPS)-only PPP solutions were regarded as reference values. The clock differences derived from GPS- and GLONASS-only PPP solutions were then analyzed. The experimental results demonstrated that considering GLONASS IFCBs could reduce standard deviation (STD) of the clock differences for both identical receiver types and mixed receiver types, of which reduction was from 3.3% to 62.6%. Furthermore, compared with neglecting IFCBs, STD of the clock differences with estimating IFCB for each GLONASS satellite in coordinate-fixed mode was reduced by more than 30% from 0.30 to 0.20 ns, and by 10% from 0.40 to 0.35 ns, for 1-day arc solutions and 10-day arc solutions, respectively. Moreover, different precise products from three International GNSS Service (IGS) analysis centers were also evaluated. Even though different IFCB handling schemes were adopted in GLONASS satellite clock estimation, our numerical results showed that international time transfer on the basis of estimating IFCB for each GLONASS satellite better than the other two processing schemes. To achieve high-precision GLONASS-only PPP-based international time transfer, it is highly recommended to estimate IFCB for each GLONASS satellite.
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STATELLA, Thiago, Claudinei R. AGUIAR, João F. G. MONICO, and José R. NOGUEIRA. "Cálculo dos vetores de posição e velocidade dos satélites GLONASS a partir das efemérides transmitidas e aspectos relacionados à sua integração com o GPS." Pesquisas em Geociências 40, no. 2 (August 31, 2013): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.43080.
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Este trabalho apresenta detalhes sobre o cálculo dos vetores de posição e velocidade dos satélites GLONASS a partir de suas efemérides transmitidas, utilizando o método de integração de Runge-Kutta de quarta ordem e a compatibilização das efemérides GLONASS (GLobal Orbiting NAvigation Sattelite System) com o sistema de tempo GPS (Global Positioning System). Também é feita uma análise da compatibilização entre os sistemas de tempo GLONASS e GPS. Para análise da qualidade do método de integração, as coordenadas extrapoladas foram comparadas às coordenadas transmitidas. A média das discrepâncias foi de 1,33 m, com desvio padrão de ±0,83 m. Para demonstrar a compatibilização entre os sistemas (de tempo) GPS e GLONASS, as coordenadas GLONASS calculadas a partir das efemérides transmitidas foram comparadas com as coordenadas precisas geradas pelo IGS no tempo GPS. A discrepância média foi de 6,53 m, menor que a precisão (divulgada) das efemérides transmitidas para o GLONASS. Em seguida, foi feita a compatibilização entre os sistemas (de tempo) GPS e GLONASS ao se calcular as coordenadas GLONASS a partir das efemérides transmitidas, no tempo GPS.
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Liu, Zhao Jun. "New Data Processing Method Research on GLONASS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 1580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.1580.
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Because GLONASS and GPS are different in system, data processing of GLONASS carrier phase difference is quite different from that of GPS, requiring special methods. Based on eliminating the impact of the relative deviation of receiver clock, a new mathematical model of GLONASS phase difference is introduced in this article. This new model can make full use of existing GPS data processing technology to complete GLONASS data processing work conveniently.
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Sarkar, Shreya, and Anindya Bose. "Lifetime Performances of Modernized GLONASS Satellites: A Review." Artificial Satellites 52, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arsa-2017-0008.
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AbstractGLONASS, successfully operating during 1990s became unusable by early 2000s. Following a revitalization and modernization plan since 2004, GLONASS constellation has been completed again by the end of 2011 and the use of GLONASS is gaining popularity. Because of the previous experience, some scepticism exists among the stakeholders in using GLONASS for reliable solution and application development. This paper critically reviews the operational lifespan of GLONASS satellites launched between 2004 and 2016, as this is an important contributor towards reliability and sustained operation of the system. For popularization and extracting full benefits of GLONASS as stand-alone system or as an active component of multi-GNSS, major issues of assuring the minimum sufficient GLONASS constellation (of 24…23 satellites), efficient design implementation and the modernized ground control segment development and operation need to be properly taken care of by the system operators.
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Hu, Hui, Lian Fang, and Jun Feng Fu. "Acquisition and Tracking Algorithms of GLONASS Software Receiver." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 1415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.1415.
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As the Russian government has increased investment and management in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), the paper improves the acquisition and tracking algorithms of GLONASS receiver based on the primary study of GPS receiver. On the platform of MATLAB, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) acquisition of the GLONASS intermediate frequency (IF) signal has achieved by GLONASS signal simulator and PC. At the same time the delay lock loop (that is early-late loop) and coast phase lock loop is used to achieve the code tracking and carrier tracking and decode the navigation data. Just as the experimental results shown, GLONASS IF signal can be acquired and tracked by these algorithms which are suggested in this paper. And it has laid a solid foundation for the study of a complete GLONASS software receiver in the future.
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Leick, Alfred. "GLONASS Satellite Surveying." Journal of Surveying Engineering 124, no. 2 (May 1998): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9453(1998)124:2(91).
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Dodson, Alan H., Terry Moore, David F. Baker, and John W. Swann. "Hybrid GPS + GLONASS." GPS Solutions 3, no. 1 (July 1999): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00012777.
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Zhao, Ban, and Yongliang Xiong. "Evaluating the Performance of Two Inter-Frequency Code Bias (IFCB) Models in Combined Precise Point Positioning (PPP)." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061476.
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The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the comprehensive performance of two inter-frequency code bias (IFCB) models using undifferenced and uncombined observations. These two IFCB models estimate IFCB parameters for each GLONASS satellite (EG model) and IFCB parameters using a quadratic function of frequency channels K (K = −7…6) (QF model). The data sampled in 30 s from 140 stations of the IGS network on 1–7 September 2021, are used for this study. We analyze all the combinations, including the GLONASS data, from the perspective of positioning accuracy, convergence time, and data utilization. The results show that the positioning accuracy of these two IFCB models for the same combination is comparable in three directions in both static and kinematic modes under long-term observation; the positioning accuracies of each IFCB model for all the combinations are almost the same in three directions in static mode, and the positioning accuracy of the combinations including the GPS data in three directions is better than that of the combinations not including the GPS data for kinematic mode. For some combinations, such as GLONSS-only and GPS/GLONASS, the convergence time of the EG model is better than that of the QF model, but the improvement rate does not exceed 22%. However, for other combinations, such as GLONASS/BDS and GLONASS/BDS/GALILEO, the convergence time of the QF model is better than that of the EG model, and the improvement rate in some directions is more than 50%. For the combinations including GPS data, the data utilization of the EG and QF models are almost the same for both static and kinematic modes; however, for combinations without GPS data, the data utilization of the QF model is better than that of the EG model. For these two IFCB models (EG and QF models), all combinations can achieve the set accuracy thresholds in three directions, but the EG model has more parameters to estimate than the QF model. From the perspectives of positioning accuracy, solution convergence time, data utilization, and the number of estimated parameters for each IFCB model, we suggest that the IFCB should be estimated using the QF model when performing combined PPP for different combinations.
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Matviichuk, Bogdan, Matt King, and Christopher Watson. "Estimating ocean tide loading displacements with GPS and GLONASS." Solid Earth 11, no. 5 (October 14, 2020): 1849–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1849-2020.
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Abstract. Ground displacements due to ocean tide loading have previously been successfully observed using Global Positioning System (GPS) data, and such estimates for the principal lunar M2 constituent have been used to infer the rheology and structure of the asthenosphere. The GPS orbital repeat period is close to that of several other major tidal constituents (K1, K2, S2); thus, GPS estimates of ground displacement at these frequencies are subject to GPS systematic errors. We assess the addition of GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) to increase the accuracy and reliability of eight major ocean tide loading constituents: four semi-diurnal (M2, S2, N2, K2) and four diurnal constituents (K1, O1, P1, Q1). We revisit a previous GPS study, focusing on 21 sites in the UK and western Europe, expanding it with an assessment of GLONASS and GPS+GLONASS estimates. In the region, both GPS and GLONASS data have been abundant since 2010.0. We therefore focus on the period 2010.0–2014.0, a span considered long enough to reliably estimate the major constituents. Data were processed with a kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) strategy to produce site coordinate time series for each of three different modes: GPS, GLONASS and GPS+GLONASS. The GPS solution with ambiguities resolved was used as a baseline for performance assessment of the additional modes. GPS+GLONASS shows very close agreement with ambiguity resolved GPS for lunar constituents (M2, N2, O1, Q1) but with substantial differences for solar-related constituents (S2, K2, K1, P1), with solutions including GLONASS being generally closer to model estimates. While no single constellation mode performs best for all constituents and components, we propose to use a combination of constellation modes to recover tidal parameters: GPS+GLONASS for most constituents, except for K2 and K1 where GLONASS (north and up) and GPS with ambiguities resolved (east) perform best.
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Banerjee, P., Anindya Bose, and Ashish Dasgupta. "The Usefulness of GLONASS for Positioning in the Presence of GPS in the Indian Subcontinent." Journal of Navigation 55, no. 3 (September 2002): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463302001960.
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The effort to integrate the use of GPS and GLONASS constellations resulted in the production of a special receiver, which can use both constellations in combination. These receivers may be used in GPS only mode, GLONASS mode and combined (both GPS and GLONASS) mode. Utilising this type of receiver, GPS and GLONASS signals were monitored for one calendar year simultaneously in different places in India to study the status of visibility of satellites and the positioning accuracy. The number of satellites in GLONASS constellation gradually depleted from 16 to 7 during the course of this study. So a 3-D solution was rarely possible using only GLONASS satellites. However, appreciable improvement in PDOP was observed in the combined mode. Before the withdrawal of GPS Selective Availability (SA), significant improvement of position accuracy could be observed in the combined mode. After the removal of GPS-SA, the accuracies of the combined mode and that of GPS-only mode have been found to be of the same order. While this does not apparently reflect any advantage, it indirectly confirms that both the GPS and the GLONASS systems have similar limits of accuracy and also confirms that optimal interoperability of two systems has been achieved. These studies reveal that the combined use of GLONASS and GPS will always be beneficial to a varying degree depending on different applications and circumstances.
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Krasuski, Kamil, Artur Goś, and Adam Ciećko. "The Research Into the Integrity Parameter in Air Transport Using GLONASS Data." Journal of KONBiN 50, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2020-0037.
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AbstractThe article presents the results of the integrity parameter of the GLONASS satellite positioning system in civil aviation. As a source material for the research the authors used observation and navigation data of the GLONASS system from the onboard GNSS receiver mounted on the Cessna 172. In the research, the authors used a model to determine the aircraft position based on the single-frequency SPP code method for GLONASS L1-C/A observations. The numerical calculations were conducted in the RTKLIB software, in the RTKPOST library. The obtained results are interesting from the point of using an application of the GLONASS system in aviation and the possible implementation of the single-frequency GLONASS code observations in the SPP model in order to determine the aircraft position. On the basis of the obtained results it was found that the GLONASS integrity performance data can be used in a procedure of non-precision approach to landing NPA GNSS.
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Krasuski, Kamil, Ewelina Kobiałka, Janusz Ćwiklak, and Marek Grzegorzewski. "The Positioning of the Aircraft Using GPS/GLONASS Data." Journal of KONBiN 49, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 65–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2019-0051.
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Abstract The article presents the results of aircraft positioning using GPS/GLONASS data in air navigation. In the work, the flight trajectory of the Cessna 172 aircraft was determined on the basis of GPS, GLONASS and GPS/GLONASS data. The coordinates of the Cessna 172 were determined using the least squares method in a stochastic processing compliant with the ICAO recommendations. In the air test, the Cessna 172 made a test flight over EPDE military airfield in Dęblin. The GPS, GLONASS and GPS/GLONASS measurement data from the Topcon HiperPro on-board aircraft installed on the Cessna 172 aircraft were used in the research experiment. The coordinates of the Cessna 172 in the geocentric XYZ and ellipsoidal BLh were compared with the precise flight reference trajectory determined from the differential technique RTK-OTF.
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Samuylov, Valeriy M., Dmitry G. Nevolin, and Alisa A. Smerdova. "The use of the GLONASS system at the commercial enterprise «UMIT» LLC»." Innotrans, no. 2 (2021): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2311-164x-2021-2-83-86.
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The article describes the successful experience of using the GLONASS system at the commercial enterprise «UMIT» LLC (the SCATM (SCAUT) system «Satellite control, analytics and Transport Management»). The technical and technological features of the GLONASS system are noted, the principles of its operation and functionality are studied. The difference between GPS and GLONASS systems is demonstrated.
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Ji, Shengyue, Wu Chen, Xiaoli Ding, Yongqi Chen, Chunmei Zhao, and Congwei Hu. "Potential Benefits of GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO Integration in an Urban Canyon – Hong Kong." Journal of Navigation 63, no. 4 (September 13, 2010): 681–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463310000081.
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With the existing GPS, the replenishment of GLONASS and the launching of Galileo there will be three satellite navigation systems in the future, with a total of more than 80 satellites. So it can be expected that the performance of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) will be greatly improved, especially in urban environments. This paper studies the potential benefits of GPS/GLONASS/Galileo integration in an urban canyon – Hong Kong. The navigation performances of four choices (GPS alone, GPS+GLONASS, GPS+Galileo and GPS+GLONASS+Galileo) are evaluated in terms of availability, coverage, and continuity based on simulation. The results show that there are significant improvements in availability, coverage and continuity, by using GPS+GLONASS+Galileo compared with the other choices. But the performance is still not good enough for most navigation applications in urban environments.
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Zhu, Jiasong, Yanyan Liu, Bing Wang, and Shirong Ye. "Improved Method for GLONASS Long Baseline Ambiguity Resolution without Inter-Frequency Code Bias Calibration." Remote Sensing 10, no. 8 (August 3, 2018): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10081223.
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Use of a frequency-division multiple access strategy causes Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) receiving equipment to experience both inter-frequency phase bias (IFPB) and inter-frequency code bias (IFCB). While IFPB can be calibrated using a linear model, there is no general model for IFCB calibration, which causes great difficulty in GLONASS ambiguity resolution over long baselines; most current GLONASS ambiguity resolution research is confined to short baselines. In this paper, based on a single-differencing between-receivers (SDBR) model, a wide-lane phase combination-based approach is proposed to fix the GLONASS ambiguities over long baselines. External precise ionospheric products are introduced to eliminate the ionospheric delay. To mitigate the effect of the residual ionospheric delays, we fix the relative wide-lane ambiguity using the Hatch–Melbourne–Wubbena (HMW) combination. The results show that 96% and 55% of the wide-lane round-off residuals are within 0.2 cycles for the Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLONASS, respectively, if the traditional HMW method is used. The method proposed here for GLONASS can improve these percentages significantly, reaching up to 95.5%. The root mean square (RMS) position errors are 1.43, 1.06 and 4.32 mm for GPS in the north, east and up directions, respectively. When GLONASS with ambiguity fixing is added, the corresponding RMS values are reduced significantly to 1.26, 1.02 and 3.87 mm, respectively.
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Shang, Rui, Chengfa Gao, Shuguo Pan, Xiaolin Meng, and Wang Gao. "Tightly combined GPS + GLONASS positioning with consideration of inter-system code bias and GLONASS inter-frequency code bias." Journal of Navigation 73, no. 2 (August 27, 2019): 296–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463319000596.
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Inter-system code double differencing is an effective method for improving the positioning accuracy of low-cost receivers in complex environments. Due to the adoption of Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Globalnaya Navigazionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) code observations are affected by the Inter-Frequency Code Biases (IFCBs), which makes it difficult to calculate the Differential Inter-System Code Biases (DISCBs) between GLONASS and the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems directly. In this contribution, the focus is on the performance of tightly combined Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLONASS code Double Difference (DD) positioning. After analysing the relationship between IFCBs and GLONASS channel numbers, an IFCB correction model and an inter-system code differencing model between GLONASS and GPS are proposed. Results show that even if there is no obvious relationship between IFCBs and channel numbers, the long-term stable IFCB values of each satellite can be obtained by using the proposed model. In addition, the GPS + GLONASS DISCB is also stable. Therefore, compared with the intra-system model, the inter-system model can benefit from prior IFCBs and DISCBs parameters and thus can significantly improve the positioning accuracy in obstructed environments.
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Zhang, Mingze. "Establishment of European Regional Ionosphere Model Based on Spherical Harmonic Functions." Journal of World Architecture 5, no. 6 (November 29, 2021): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jwa.v5i6.2676.
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In order to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the regional ionosphere and the modeling accuracy, the experiment is based on the spherical harmonic function model, using the GPS, Glonass, and Galileo dual-frequency observation data from the 305th-334th day of the European CORS network in 2019 to establish a global ionospheric model. By analyzing and evaluating the accuracy of the global ionospheric puncture points, VTEC, and comparing code products, the test results showed that the GPS system has the most dense puncture electricity distribution, the Glonass system is the second, and the Galileo system is the weakest. The values of ionospheric VTEC calculated by GPS, Glonass and Galileo are slightly different, but in terms of trends, they are the same as those of ESA, JPL and UPC. GPS data has the highest accuracy in global ionospheric modeling. GPS, Glonass and Galileo have the same trend, but Glonass data is unstable and fluctuates greatly.
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Kamil Krasuski. "Application the Single Difference Technique in Aircraft Positioning Using the GLONASS System in the Air Transport." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 21, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2019.4.51-58.
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The article presents the possibility of using the Between Satellite Single Difference method (BSSD) in the precise determination of the aircraft position in the Global Navigation Satellite System GLONASS navigation system. The paper presents the mathematical model of the BSSD method, describes the research test and presents the results of conducted examinations. The research test was conducted within the implementation of the GLONASS satellite technique in air navigation. The test research uses the actual GLONASS navigation data registered by the Topcon HiperPro receiver, mounted onboard a Cessna 172 aircraft. Obtained findings of the research work are interesting from the perspective of implementation of the GLONASS satellite technique in aviation. It should be emphasized that standard deviations of the determined position of the Cessna 172, using the BSSD method, do not exceed 2m. The article also determines the accuracy of a position of the Cessna 172 in the GLONASS solution with reference to a solution in the GPS navigation system.
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Jiang, Z., and W. Lewandowski. "Accurate GLONASS Time Transfer for the Generation of the Coordinated Universal Time." International Journal of Navigation and Observation 2012 (September 25, 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/353961.
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The spatial techniques currently used in accurate time transfer are based on GPS, TWSTFT, and GLONASS. The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) is mandated for the generation of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) which is published monthly in the BIPM Circular T. In 2009, the international Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency (CCTF) recommended the use of multitechniques in time transfer to ensure precision, accuracy, and robustness in UTC. To complement the existing GPS and TWSTFT time links, in November 2009 the first two GLONASS time links were introduced into the UTC worldwide time link network. By November 2011, 6 GLONASS time links are used in the UTC computation. In the frame of the application in the UTC computation, we establish the technical features of GLONASS time transfer: the short- and long-term stabilities, the calibration process, and in particular the impact of the multiple GLONASS frequency biases. We then outline various considerations for future developments, including the uses of P-codes and carrier-phase information.
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Cai, Changsheng, and Yang Gao. "A Combined GPS/GLONASS Navigation Algorithm for use with Limited Satellite Visibility." Journal of Navigation 62, no. 4 (October 2009): 671–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463309990154.
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Navigation users will significantly benefit from the combined use of GPS and GLONASS due to the improved reliability, availability and accuracy especially in an environment with limited satellite visibility, such as in urban or mountainous areas. But in such situations the visible satellite number is often still insufficient to obtain a position solution even if both GPS and GLONASS measurements are used. This is partly because at least five visible satellites are required to determine a position due to an offset between the timescales of GPS and GLONASS to be solved. In this paper, an algorithm has been proposed to obtain a position solution with only four visible GPS/GLONASS satellites. In addition to the data from IGS stations, an experiment was also conducted to assess the proposed algorithm. The results indicate that using the proposed algorithm with only four GPS/GLONASS satellites a position solution could be obtained at the cost of a slight accuracy loss.
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Liwosz, Tomasz. "Effect of the Glonass-Specific Receiver Antenna Phase Center Corrections on the Results of European Regional GNSS Network." Artificial Satellites 48, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10018-013-0016.
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ABSTRACT In the paper I investigated the effect of the GLONASS-specific receiver antenna phase center corrections on the results of a regional permanent GNSS network. I made analysis, using Bernese GPS Software 5.0, of GPS-only and GPS-GLONASS (GNSS) observations collected at permanent sites in Europe. Two types of GNSS solutions were computed: with GPS phase center corrections used for observations of both systems, and with the system specific corrections for observations of the respective system. The Bernese software was modified accordingly to use GLONASS specific corrections for GLONASS measurements. The results, i.e., coordinates and tropospheric zenith delays were analyzed and compared between computed solutions. Introducing GLONASS-specific receiver antenna phase center corrections did not improve the repeatability of the GNSS coordinate time series. Differences of coordinates between the two GNSS solutions were highly repeatable but offsets (biases) were observed; maximum bias for horizontal component was 1 mm and 4 mm for up component. Similar biases were observed for stations with the same antenna models. Periodic signal with a period of 1/3-year was found in difference time series between GPS and GNSS solutions for north component with a maximum peak-to-peak amplitude 2.8 mm. The periodic signal was attributed to GLONASS.
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Jiao, Guoqiang, Shuli Song, Yulong Ge, Ke Su, and Yangyang Liu. "Assessment of BeiDou-3 and Multi-GNSS Precise Point Positioning Performance." Sensors 19, no. 11 (May 31, 2019): 2496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112496.
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With the launch of BDS-3 and Galileo new satellites, the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) has developed from the regional to global system, and the Galileo constellation will consist of 26 satellites in space. Thus, BDS, GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo all have the capability of global positioning services. It is meaningful to evaluate the ability of global precise point positioning (PPP) of the GPS, BDS, GLONASS, and Galileo. This paper mainly contributes to the assessment of BDS-2, BDS-2/BDS-3, GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo PPP with the observations that were provided by the international Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS). The Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) value was utilized to research the global coverage of GPS, BDS-2, BDS-2/BDS-3, GLONASS, and Galileo. In particular, GPS-only, BDS-2-only, BDS-2/BDS-3, GLONASS-only, Galileo-only, and multi-GNSS combined PPP solutions were analyzed to verify the capacity of the PPP performances in terms of positioning accuracy, convergence time, and zenith troposphere delay (ZTD) accuracy. In view of PDOP, the current BDS and Galileo are capable of global coverage. The BDS-2/BDS-3 and Galileo PDOP values are fairly evenly distributed around the world similar to GPS and GLONASS. The root mean square (RMS) of positioning errors for static BDS-2/BDS-3 PPP and Galileo-only PPP are 10.7, 19.5, 20.4 mm, and 6.9, 18.6, 19.6 mm, respectively, in the geographic area of the selected station, which is the same level as GPS and GLONASS. It is worth mentioning that, by adding BDS-3 observations, the positioning accuracy of static BDS PPP is improved by 17.05%, 24.42%, and 35.65%, and the convergence time is reduced by 27.15%, 27.87%, and 35.76% in three coordinate components, respectively. Similar to the static positioning, GPS, BDS-2/BDS-3, GLONASS, and Galileo have the basically same kinematic positioning accuracy. Multi-GNSS PPP significantly improves the positioning performances in both static and kinematic positioning. In terms of ZTD accuracy, the difference between GPS, BDS-2/BDS-3, GLONASS, and Galileo is less than 1 mm, and the BDS-2/BDS-3 improves ZTD accuracy by 20.48% over the BDS-2. The assessment of GPS, BDS-2, BDS-2/BDS-3, GLONASS, Galileo, and multi-GNSS global PPP performance are shown to make comments for the development of multi-GNSS integration, global precise positioning, and the construction of iGMAS.
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Specht, Mariusz, Cezary Specht, Andrzej Wilk, Władysław Koc, Leszek Smolarek, Krzysztof Czaplewski, Krzysztof Karwowski, et al. "Testing the Positioning Accuracy of GNSS Solutions during the Tramway Track Mobile Satellite Measurements in Diverse Urban Signal Reception Conditions." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 3646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143646.
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Mobile Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements carried out on the railway consist of using satellite navigation systems to determine the track geometry of a moving railway vehicle on a given route. Their purposes include diagnostics, stocktaking, and design work in railways. The greatest advantage of this method is the ability to perform measurements in a unified and coherent spatial reference system, which effectively enables the combining of design and construction works, as well as their implementation by engineering teams of diverse specialties. In the article, we attempted to assess the impact of using three types of work mode for a GNSS geodetic network [Global Positioning System (GPS), GPS/Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) and GPS/GLONASS/Galileo] on positioning availability at three accuracy levels: 1 cm, 3 cm and 10 cm. This paper presents a mathematical model that enables the calculation of positioning availability at these levels. This model was also applied to the results of the measurement campaign performed by five GNSS geodetic receivers, made by a leading company in the field. Measurements with simultaneous position recording and accuracy assessment were taken separately on the same route for three types of receiver settings: GPS, GPS/GLONASS and GPS/GLONASS/Galileo in an urban area typical of a medium-sized city. The study has shown that applying a two-system solution (GPS/GLONASS) considerably increases the availability of high-precision coordinates compared to a single-system solution (GPS), whereas the measurements with three systems (GPS/GLONASS/Galileo) negligibly increase the availability compared to a two-system solution (GPS/GLONASS).
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Bogdanov, P. P., A. J. Feoktistov, and K. G. Shupen. "GLONASS/GPS Monitoring Equipment." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 37, no. 6 (June 2004): 1143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)32334-0.
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Stewart, Mike, and Maria Tsakiri. "GLONASS Broadcast Orbit Computation." GPS Solutions 2, no. 2 (October 1998): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00000032.
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Daly, P. "Navstar GPS and GLONASS." Acta Astronautica 25, no. 7 (July 1991): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(91)90020-6.
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Chesto, Lawrence F. "Current Status of GLONASS." GPS Solutions 1, no. 1 (July 1995): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00022500.
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Antonov, A. S., V. V. Balenkov, and E. L. Kapylov. "Wideband antenna with circular polarization for GLONASS system." Issues of radio electronics, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2021-3-4-13.
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The article analyzes the requirements for antennas used in modern anti-jamming navigation equipment of the consumer of GLONASS. Some options and their disadvantages are considered. Presents the results of the development, computer modeling and experimental study of a breadboard circular polarization antenna layout for the GLONASS system. Tests were carried out for both a single antenna layout and a two-element antenna array. Experimental frequency dependences of such parameters as matching, isolation, gain and axial ratio, as well as radiation patterns at key frequencies are given. The achieved bandwidth covers the L1 and L2 ranges of GLONASS. Based on the results obtained, a conclusion was made about the possibility of using the developed antenna as a single element of adaptive antenna arrays of the GLONASS system.
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Menezes, Raiane Rintielle Vaz, and William Rodrigo Dal Poz. "Análise do GNSS PPP multi-constelações com uso dos sistemas GPS, GLONASS e Galileo." Revista Brasileira de Cartografia 72, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/rbcv72n1-49082.
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Dentre os sistemas que compõem o GNSS, estão completamente funcionais o GPS e o GLONASS. Além disso, encontram-se em desenvolvimento o Galileo e o BeiDou, sendo que o Galileo dispõe de 17 satélites operantes. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o desempenho de combinações multi-constelações envolvendo GPS, GLONASS e Galileo em quatro estações da RBMC, utilizando o método de posicionamento PPP. Para alcançar esse propósito, foram realizadas avaliações das acurácias planimétricas e altimétricas de estações multi-constelações, pertencentes à RBMC, abrangendo os 30 dias do mês de abril de 2018. Os dados foram editados no freeware GFZRNX a fim de obter arquivos com intervalos de 60 e 180 minutos de rastreio, contendo apenas dados GPS, GPS e GLONASS, GPS e Galileo e, a combinação dos três sistemas. Os dados foram processados a partir do software científico Bernese, versão 5.2. Os resultados mais acurados, tanto na planimetria quanto na altimetria, foram proporcionados pela tradicional integração GPS/GLONASS. Em segundo lugar, a combinação GPS/GLONASS/Galileo mostrou-se promissora, evidenciando sua interoperabilidade no método de posicionamento PPP.
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Daly, P. "Aspects of the Soviet Union' s Glonass Satellite Navigation System." Journal of Navigation 41, no. 02 (May 1988): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300009279.
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Global satellite navigation systems have been under development by the United States and the Soviet Union for many years. The US Navstar GPS system saw its first launch in 1978 and the USSR's Glonass system followed 4 years later. The US space shuttle, which was foreseen as the launch vehicle for Navstar spacecraft, received an enormous setback in 1986 as a result of the Challenger accident. In the meantime, Glonass launches, which carry three spacecraft at once into orbit, have proceeded without incident (until the failure on 24 April 1987). Both systems are currently still in test phase and can be expected to reach operational status in 3 or 4 years' time. In the meantime, the idea of combining Navstar and Glonass into a single civil programme has many attractions for all concerned. Some aspects of Glonass orbital characteristics and signal structure are discussed with this end in view. In addition, features of the data message content of Navstar and Glonass are also compared, to gain a better understanding of the feasibility of a dual satellite navigation system.
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He, Guodong, Maozhong Song, Shanshan Zhang, Peng Song, and Xinwen Shu. "Sparse GLONASS Signal Acquisition Based on Compressive Sensing and Multiple Measurement Vectors." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (September 30, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9654120.
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A sparse global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) signal acquisition method based on compressive sensing and multiple measurement vectors is proposed. The nonsparse GLONASS signal can be represented sparsely on our proposed dictionary which is designed based on the signal feature. Then, the GLONASS signal is sensed by a normalized orthogonal random matrix and acquired by the improved multiple measurement vectors acquisition algorithm. There are 10 cycles of pseudorandom codes in a navigation message, and these 10 pseudorandom codes have the same row sparse structure. So, the acquisition probability can be raised by row sparse features theoretically. A large number of simulated GLONASS signal experiments show that the acquisition probability increases with the increase in the measurement vector column dimension. Finally, the practical availability of the new method is verified by acquisition experiments with the real record GLONASS signal. The new method can reduce the storage space and energy loss of data transmission. We hope that the new method can be applied to field receivers that need to record and transmit navigation data for a long time.
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Nguyễn, Ngọc Lâu, and Thị Thanh Hương Nguyễn. "Xác định các mô hình sai số cho trị đo GPS và GLONASS." Tạp chí Khoa học Đo đạc và Bản đồ, no. 18 (December 1, 2013): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54491/jgac.2013.18.87.
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Để xử lý hỗn hợp các trị đo GPS và GLONASS, chúng tôi đã chọn mô hình sai số phụ thuộc vào góc cao vệ tinh và khảo sát các hệ số của nó tại 17 trạm đo IGS. Kết quả cho thấy mô hình trên phù hợp với trị đo GNSS. Trị đo pha GPS chính xác hơn GLONASS 1.2 lần, trong khi trị đo mã GLONASS lại kém chính xác hơn GPS đến 3.5 lần.
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Paniagua-Jiménez, Diana, and Jose Valverde-Calderón. "Análisis de la influencia de las señales del sistema GLONASS en el procesamiento de una red geodésica regional." Uniciencia 32, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ru.32-1.1.
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En los últimos años, ha habido un incremento en el número de satélites disponibles para posicionamiento mediante técnicas espaciales, donde se destacan los sistemas GPS y GLONASS. Se realizó el análisis comparativo de los resultados obtenidos tras el cálculo de una red de estaciones GNSS en Europa, a partir del procesamiento de los datos usando el programa Bernese 5.2 que, entre otras cosas, destaca por presentar una mejora en el tratamiento conjunto de datos GPS y GLONNAS, con respecto a la versión anterior del programa. El fin primario que motivó la investigación es la necesidad de determinar si efectivamente los resultados de la combinación de datos de ambos sistemas son mejores que los obtenidos con la versión 5.0, ya que investigaciones demostraron que el resultado del procesamiento GNSS en el programa Bernese 5.0 tiene la tendencia a ser menos preciso que el resultado del procesamiento con únicamente datos GPS. Como resultado se obtuvo que el incluir las observables del sistema GLONASS en el procesamiento no tiene un impacto significativo sobre los resultados.
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Farah, Ashraf. "Efficient Cost-Effective Static-PPP Using Mixed GPS/Glonass Single-Frequency Observations (KSA)." Artificial Satellites 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2022-0001.
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Abstract Precise point positioning (PPP) is a GNSS positioning technique that saves cost and has an acceptable accuracy for enormous applications. PPP proved its efficiency through two decades comparing with traditional differential positioning technique. PPP uses one receiver collecting observations at an unknown station without the need for a reference station with known coordinates. PPP-collected observations must undergo extensive mitigation of different GNSS errors. Static-PPP accuracy depends mainly on the observations type (dual or single frequency), used systems (GPS or GLONASS or mixed GPS/GLONASS), satellites geometry, and observations duration. Static-PPP using dual-frequency observations gives optimum accuracy with a high cost. Static-PPP using single-frequency observations gives acceptable accuracy with a low cost. Since the end of 2012, PPP users are able to depend on GLONASS system as an alternative. This research investigates singe-frequency/static-PPP accuracy variation on KSA based on different factors: the system used (GPS or GLONASS or GPS/GLONASS), satellites geometry, observations duration, and ionosphere activity state. Observations from 2 days reflecting different ionospheric activity states were used for this research from three CORS stations (KSA-CORS network) operated by KSA-General Authority for Survey and Geospatial Information (KSA-GASGI). It can be concluded that precision (0.05 m lat., 0.12 m long., and 0.13 m height) under quiet ionosphere and precision (0.09 m lat., 0.20 m long., and 0.23 m height) under active ionosphere could be attained using 24 h mixed GPS/GLONASS single-frequency observations. Static-PPP using 24 h mixed GPS/GLONASS single-frequency observations’ accuracies are 0.01 m lat., 0.01 m long., and 0.03 m height (quiet ionosphere) and 0.01 m lat., 0.06 m long., and 0.06 m height (active ionosphere) compared to true station coordinates.
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Farah, Ashraf. "Efficient Cost-Effective Static-PPP Using Mixed GPS/Glonass Single-Frequency Observations (KSA)." Artificial Satellites 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2022-0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Precise point positioning (PPP) is a GNSS positioning technique that saves cost and has an acceptable accuracy for enormous applications. PPP proved its efficiency through two decades comparing with traditional differential positioning technique. PPP uses one receiver collecting observations at an unknown station without the need for a reference station with known coordinates. PPP-collected observations must undergo extensive mitigation of different GNSS errors. Static-PPP accuracy depends mainly on the observations type (dual or single frequency), used systems (GPS or GLONASS or mixed GPS/GLONASS), satellites geometry, and observations duration. Static-PPP using dual-frequency observations gives optimum accuracy with a high cost. Static-PPP using single-frequency observations gives acceptable accuracy with a low cost. Since the end of 2012, PPP users are able to depend on GLONASS system as an alternative. This research investigates singe-frequency/static-PPP accuracy variation on KSA based on different factors: the system used (GPS or GLONASS or GPS/GLONASS), satellites geometry, observations duration, and ionosphere activity state. Observations from 2 days reflecting different ionospheric activity states were used for this research from three CORS stations (KSA-CORS network) operated by KSA-General Authority for Survey and Geospatial Information (KSA-GASGI). It can be concluded that precision (0.05 m lat., 0.12 m long., and 0.13 m height) under quiet ionosphere and precision (0.09 m lat., 0.20 m long., and 0.23 m height) under active ionosphere could be attained using 24 h mixed GPS/GLONASS single-frequency observations. Static-PPP using 24 h mixed GPS/GLONASS single-frequency observations’ accuracies are 0.01 m lat., 0.01 m long., and 0.03 m height (quiet ionosphere) and 0.01 m lat., 0.06 m long., and 0.06 m height (active ionosphere) compared to true station coordinates.
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Jerez, Gabriel, and Daniele Barroca Marra Alves. "Análise do uso de dados GPS/GLONASS em diferentes métodos de posicionamento por satélites considerando a influência das condições ionosféricas brasileiras." Revista Cartográfica, no. 105 (July 19, 2022): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35424/rcarto.i105.1094.
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O GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) e o GPS (Global Positioning System) são os sistemas pioneiros de navegação global por satélite. A utilização combinada de dados GPS e GLONASS despertou interesse inicialmente, mas as pesquisas com investigação de ambos os sinais diminuíram muito no final da década de noventa devido à rápida degradação que o GLONASS sofreu. Porém, após um plano de restabelecimento do sistema, em 2011 o GLONASS voltou a contar com constelação completa e cobertura global. Além do restabelecimento, o sistema passou ainda por um processo de modernização, com novas gerações de satélites desenvolvidas, refinamentos dos sistemas de tempo e referencia e novas estações de controle instaladas. Além do uso de dados combinados, outros fatores que influenciam a qualidade do posicionamento são os métodos empregados e os erros aos quais os sinais transmitidos estão sujeitos. Em relação aos erros, a ionosfera é uma importante fonte, especialmente para usuários de receptores de simples frequência. Com este cenário, o presente trabalho buscou realizar um estudo sobre o sistema GLONASS, bem como analisar as melhorias apresentadas no posicionamento utilizando seus dados combinados aos dados GPS em diferentes métodos de posicionamento, considerando diferentes condições ionosféricas. De modo geral, foi possível verificar a viabilidade do uso de dados GLONASS combinados ao GPS em todos os métodos de posicionamento avaliados, com melhoria em mais de 97% dos casos analisados para o posicionamento por ponto e em torno de 70% dos casos com posicionamento relativo.
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Ivanov, N., and V. Salischev. "The GLONASS System – An Overview." Journal of Navigation 45, no. 2 (May 1992): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300010675.
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The principal characteristics of the GLONASS system, its current status and deployment outlook are considered. Comparison of the main characteristics of the GPS/GLONASS systems from the user's viewpoint is made. Proposals focused on the operations to be carried out to improve navigation determination accuracy for the users, provided with the combined equipment, are given. The data presented, received simultaneously on the user&s GLONASS equipment and a GP–500 GPS system, indicate that navigational determination accuracies of both systems are approximately equal. The key characteristics of 6–channel user facilities for civil aircraft and helicopters are presented. This equipment has been developed in the Institute of Space Device Engineering (ISDE) in accordance with a standard draft ARING on the combined system. The principal directions of the accuracy characteristic of the GLONASS system updating are considered. It is suggested to use the quantum–optical measurements on the Etalon satellite, launched into GLONASS satellite orbit, so that ephemeris information can be improved. The questions concerning supplying the system integrity and differential corrections information are discussed. It is proposed to combine the global system of integrity signal generation and transmission with differential corrections for regional systems. The version of the information frame developed in ISDE and intended for transmission of this information to users via geostationary satellites by means of signals similar to GPS/GLONASS, and without additional complication of user equipment, is presented here.
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Ventorim, Bruno Guimarães, and William Rodrigo Dal Poz. "AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DOS SISTEMAS GPS E GLONASS NO POSICIONAMENTO POR PONTO PRECISO, COMBINADOS E INDIVIDUALMENTE." Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas 22, no. 2 (June 2016): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702016000200015.
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Este trabalho visa avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas GLONASS (Global'naya Navigatsionnay Sputnikovaya Sistema), GPS (Global Positioning System) e o uso combinado de ambos sistemas em diferentes latitudes, utilizando o serviço de Posicionamento por Ponto Preciso CSRS-PPP. Para isso foram selecionadas 16 estações da rede IGS (International GNSS Service), das quais foram utilizados os dados GNSS no formato RINEX do mês de agosto de 2014 e editados no TEQC (Translation, Editing, and Quality Check), obtendo arquivos com intervalos de 30 e 45 minutos, contendo apenas dados GPS, dados GLONASS e dados dos dois sistemas. As coordenadas estimadas no CSRS-PPP foram comparadas com as coordenadas de referência obtidas no sítio do ITRF (International Terrestrial Reference Frame), possibilitando o cálculo da acurácia do PPP com uso de dados GPS e GLONASS, separadamente e em conjunto. Após o cálculo das acurácias para cada dia de agosto, outliers foram detectados e eliminados utilizando o método boxplot com o uso do programa R. Verificou-se que o uso combinado do GPS e GLONASS, para todos as estações, proporcionou resultados mais acurados. Além disso, pode-se destacar a potencialidade do GLONASS, que apresentou desempenho superior ao do GPS na maioria das estações.
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Bakit’ko, R. V., D. A. Astakhov, and R. F. Salakhov. "Comparative Analysis of Equipment for Shaping Navigation Radio Signals of the GLONASS system and Features of Group Navigation Radio Signals." Rocket-space device engineering and information systems 8, no. 2 (2021): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30894/issn2409-0239.2021.8.2.62.71.
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This paper presents a comparative analysis of methods for shaping navigation radio signals of the GLONASS system at all stages of development. This analysis gives a clear picture of the evolution of methods for shaping navigation radio signals and provides insights into their advantages and disadvantages. Special attention is paid to group navigation signals of the GLONASS system, which appear in the next generation of GLONASS navigation spacecraft to optimize the antenna assembly. The peculiarities of shaping them are considered, taking account of ensuring code measurement accuracy and effective power amplification.
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Isaev, Yu V., and A. N. Podkorytov. "Calibration of GLONASS Pseudorange Measurements from Combined GPS/GLONASS Receiver for SDCM User." Rocket-space device engineering and information systems 6, no. 3 (2019): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30894/issn2409-0239.2019.6.3.3.14.
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Andreev, K. P., and V. V. Terentyev. "PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE URBAN ROUTE NETWORK." World of Transport and Transportation 15, no. 6 (December 28, 2017): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-6-15.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The authors propose measures to optimize the urban route network of passenger transport. In accordance with the tasks of optimization, a program and methodology for the survey of passenger flows, a more rational scheme for the route network, a transport macro model for the city, a passenger navigation system for the GLONASS or GLONASS/ GPS monitoring system, security monitoring systems and mobile objects management were developed. Keywords: public transport, urban route network, passenger transportation, optimization, monitoring, GLONASS, macro model, passenger flows.
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Jerez, Gabriel Oliveira, and Daniele Barroca Marra Alves. "GLONASS: Revisão teórica e estado da arte." Revista Brasileira de Geomática 6, no. 2 (June 21, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3895/rbgeo.v6n2.7368.
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O GPS (Global Positioning System) e o GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) começaram a ser desenvolvidos ainda no início da década de setenta e são, atualmente, os principais sistemas GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) com constelação completa disponível. Apesar de os dois sistemas terem obtido constelações completas em períodos próximos, o GLONASS passou por um longo período de degradação, causada principalmente pela falta de investimentos e lançamentos para substituição de satélites mais antigos. Com isso o uso de dados combinados GPS/GLONASS acabou se tornando inviável já no final da década de noventa, devido à instabilidade do GLONASS. Porém, o sistema passou por um processo de modernização e restabelecimento a partir de 2001, obtendo novamente constelação completa de 24 satélites e cobertura global em 2011. A partir dessa nova realidade, novos estudos se fizeram necessário. Nesse sentido o presente trabalho buscou fazer uma revisão dos principais conceitos relacionados ao sistema, bem como do seu histórico, estrutura, além do seu processo de modernização e algumas perspectivas futuras.
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Azab, Mohamed, Ahmed El-Rabbany, M. Nabil Shoukry, Ramadan Khalil, and Akram Afifi. "Performance Analysis of GPS/GLONASS Precise Point Positioning." GEOMATICA 67, no. 4 (December 2013): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2013-049.
Full textAbstract:
Precise Point Positioning (PPP) with Global Positioning Systems (GPS) has attracted the attention of many researchers over the past decade. Recently, the Russian global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) has been modernized and restored to near full constellation status, which has made it more attractive for positioning and navigation. Having two healthy systems, namely GPS and GLONASS provides a combination of both constellations, which in turn promises to improve the availability, positioning accuracy, and reliability of PPP solutions. This study investigates the effect of combining GPS and GLONASS dual-frequency measurements on the static PPP solution and its sensitivity to different processing strategies. Many data sets from five globally distributed International GNSS Service (IGS) tracking stations were processed using the Bernese GPS software package. The addition of GLONASS constellation improved the satellite visibility and geometry by more than 60%, and 40%, respectively, and improves the positioning convergence by up to 41%, 38%, and 19% in east, north, and up directions, respectively.
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Krzyżek, Robert, and Bogdan Skorupa. "The Influence of Application a Simplified Transformation Model Between Reference Frames ECEF and ECI onto Prediction Accuracy of Position and Velocity of GLONASS Satellites." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 99, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2015-0009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In computational tasks of satellite geodesy there is a need for transformation of coordinates between reference frames ECEF – Earth Centered, Earth Fixed and ECI – Earth Centered, Inertial. Strict and simplified transformation models, which can be used in case of the position and velocity short-term predictions of GLONASS satellites, have been presented in this study. Comparison of the results of state vector components predictions of the GLONASS satellites, in dependence of the used transformation model, have also been presented. Accuracy of the prediction has been determined on the basis of the analyse of deviations of the predicted positions and velocities of GLONASS satellites from their values given in broadcast ephemeris.