Academic literature on the topic 'Globolins'

This paper reports a study into the use of germinated mungbean as a promising raw material influencing the structure-forming indicators of meat systems during the production of meat-vegetable sausages. The content of iodine in the germinated mungbean and its anatomical parts has been examined using solutions of potassium iodide. A change in the phytic acid content and size of phytin globoloids has been established in mungbean malt depending on germination conditions. The influence of flour from germinated mungbean on the moisture-binding, moisture-retaining, fat-retaining abilities, as well as on the pH of meat systems based on veal meat, pork, chicken has been investigated. The reported set of studies is important as the defined patterns could make it possible to devise technologies for meat-vegetable sausages, to expand the range of enriched meat products. The result of this study has established that the degree of biotransformation of iodine into beans is influenced by the protein content in the native beans. Almost 90...95 % of iodine is accumulated in the cotyledons of beans in the protein fraction, 5...10 % ‒ in sprouts and roots. The rational range of potassium iodide concentrations in the germination solution is 76.5 g per 1,000 cm3, over 48 hours. Prolonging the germination time leads to microbiological damage to the bean mass. The germination process affects the reduction of phytic acid content, which is confirmed by a decrease in the diameter of phytin globoloids. It is rational to use in meat systems based on pork meat and veal meat 10 % of the developed flour by reducing meat raw materials. With this ratio of formulation ingredients, the maximum increase in the moisture-binding, moisture-retaining, and fat-retaining capacities of these meat systems is achieved. In the meat systems based on chicken meat, it is possible to increase a replacement part of up to 15 %. The reported set of studies is useful and important because it could form the basis for devising the technologies of meat-vegetable sausages to meet the needs of different segments of consumers

Os óleos essenciais são produtos do metabolismo secundário de plantas e são conhecidos por possuir diferentes propriedades biológicas, incluindo atividades antimicrobianas, podendo agir como antibacteriano, antifúngico e antiviral. Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de óleos essenciais sobre cepas de Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa isoladas de alimentos. Foram utilizados os óleos de Eucalyptus globolus (eucalipto comum), Prunus amygdalus (amêndoa), Cymbopongon nardus (citronela), Rosmarinus officinalis (alecrim), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (caneleira), Cymbopogon citratus (capim limão), Citrus limon (limão), Caryophyllus aromaticus (cravo). Foram utilizadas dez linhagens de E. coli e dez de P. aeuriginosa. Para determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) dos óleos essenciais foi utilizado o método de microdiluição em placas de 96 poços. As concentrações bactericidas mínimas (CBM) foram determinadas a partir dos resultados da CIM. Designou-se como CBM a concentração mínima em que não ocorreu crescimento bacteriano. Verificou-se que todos os óleos essenciais apresentaram atividade antibacteriana, no entanto os óleos de E. gobulus e R. officinalis foram mais ativos frente a E. coli (CBM=3,13%), e menos eficazes frente a P. aeruginosa (CBM=25%), enquanto que o de C. nardus apresentou atividade biológica frente a P. aeruginosa na concentração de 6,25%. A atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais testados aponta a possibilidade de desenvolver agentes antimicrobianos eficientes e de baixo custo no controle de E. coli e P. aeruginosa. Palavras-chave: Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Plantas Medicinais. Controle.AbstractEssential oils are secondary plant metabolism produtcts and are known to have different biological properties, including antimicrobial activities,which may act as antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral. The objective of this research was to evaluate the essential oils antibacterial activityon strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from food. Essential oils Eucalyptus globolus, Prunus amygdalus, Cymbopongon nardus, Rosmarinus officinalis, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus limon, Caryophyllus aromaticus wereused. Ten strains of E. coli and ten of P. aeuriginosa were used. To determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the essentialoils, the 96-well plate microdilution method was used. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined from MIC results. CBM was the minimum concentration at which no bacterial growth occurred. It was verified that all the essential oils presented antibacterial activity, however the oils of Eucaliptus gobulus and Rosmarinus officinalis were more active against E. coli (MBC = 3.13%), and less effective against P. aeruginosa (CBM = 25 %), while that of Cymbopongon nardus showed biological activity against P. aeruginosa at 6.25% concentration. The antimicrobial activity of the tested essential oils indicates the possibility of developing efficient and low cost antimicrobial agents in the control of E. coli and P. aeruginosa.Keywords: Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Medicinal Plants. Control.

The results of studying changes of phytic acid in seeds of soya of “Diamond” variety and ones of chick-pea of “Krasnokutsky – 195” depending on seed soaking and sprouting conditions are presented. The content of phytic acid and changes of phytic globoloids in native soya and chick-pea seeds, sprouted in water, sprouted in the solution of mineral salts, preliminarily washed by the solution of lemon acid (C6Н8О7) were studied. The research topicality is conditioned by the necessity to develop food technologies using vegetable protein, which agent is soya and chick-pea, and to develop technological methods, favoring phytic acid inactivation. As a result of the study, it has been established, that a decrease of the phytic acid content in soya and chick-pea seeds is influenced by the sprouting process, and seeds washing by C6Н8О7 solution (pH – 3.5) is a catalyst of these processes. Soya seeds, sprouted in the potassium iodide solution (PI), and chick-pea seeds, sprouted in the sodium hydroselenite (NaHSeO3), preliminarily washed by C6Н8О7 solution (pH – 3.5), have less content of phytic acid, comparing with other samples. The phytic acid content decrease has been proved by a phytic globoloid decrease. It has been established, that the least diameter of a phytic globoloid is inherent to samples of soya, sprouted in PI solution and washed by C6Н8О7 solution (pH – 3.5), – 3.2 mcm, and a sample of chick-pea seeds, sprouted in NaHSeO3 solution, washed by C6Н8О7 solution (pH – 3.5) – 3.0 mcm. An undesirable “pea” smell also disappears. The established regularities are important for scientists because they allow to widen the assortment of products with vegetable protein, safe for the human organism

В статье даётся краткий очерк антиномической природы биоэтического дискурса и возможностей его геометрической визуализации. Рассматриваются два варианта визуализации. Первый связан с представлением той или иной ситуации как системы полярностей, которая в свою очередь моделируется в рамках векторной модели. В простейшем случае тезис и антитезис рассматриваются как два перпендикулярных вектора, а синтез – как их векторная сумма. В этом случае можно ввести и более количественную оценку «меры многомерности» полярной системы – как величины проекции её векторного представления на суммарный вектор. С использованием этих конструкций разбирается один пример из биоэтики, связанный со столкновением принципов милосердия и правдивости (проблема «лжи во спасение»). Деяние (действие или бездействие) интерпретируется как своеобразный оператор на событиях, который переводит одни события в другие. Предполагается, что субъект в своих деяниях рассматривает различные возможности и выбирает те из них, которые максимизируют ту или иную ценностную меру субъекта, в данном случае – меру векторной проекции полярного вектора ситуации на суммарный вектор – вектор синтеза базисных полярностей. Второй вариант визуализации связан с понятием антиномий в биоэтике – таких противоречий, которые не являются формально-логическими ошибками. В отличие от последних, в антиномиях как тезис, так и антитезис имеют свой момент оправдания в рамках тех или иных условий. Используется также понятие «антинома» – логического субъекта антиномии, который предицируется тезисом и антитезисом антиномии. Редукции антиномии соответствуют двум крайним аспектам антинома, которые называются его «редуктами» – по аналогии с редукцией волновой функции в квантовой механике. Приводятся различные примеры антиномов: биоэты, глоболоки, холомеры. В биоэтах один редукт выражает в большей мере биологические (биоредукт), второй – этические (эторедукт) определения антинома. В глоболоках выделяются глобальный (глоборедукт) и локальный (локоредукт) виды редуктов: первый выражает более глобальные (универсальные) этические определения, второй – более локальные, связанные с ценностями и нормами того или иного сообщества. Наконец, холомеры – вид антиномов, где антиномически соединяются определения целого (холоредукт) и части (мероредукт). Даётся их интерпретация как многомерных ментальных объектов в некотором обобщённом пространстве, так что крайние их аспекты (редукции антиномии) можно представить как проекции более многомерного состояния. В заключении делается предположение о связи биоэтических проблем с идеей ментальной многомерности, что составляет основу возможной визуализации как интерпретации ментальной многомерности на векторном её представлении. The article provides a brief outline of the antinomic nature of bioethical discourse and the possibilities of its geometric visualization. Two visualization options are considered. The first is associated with the representation of a particular situation as a system of polarities, which in turn is modeled in the framework of a vector model. In the simplest case, the thesis and the antithesis are considered as two orthogonal vectors P1 and P2, and the synthesis is considered as their vector sum S = P1+P2. In this case, we can also introduce a more quantitative estimate of the “measure of multidimensionality” M(P) of the polar system – as the magnitude of the projection of its vector representation P on the sum vector S, i.e. M(P) = (P,es), where es = S/|S| is the unit vector of the vector S, and (P,es) is the scalar product of the vectors P and es. Using these constructs, the author analyzes one example from bioethics related to the clash of the principles of mercy and truthfulness (the problem of “lying for salvation”). An act (action or omission) is interpreted as a kind of an operator on events that transforms some events into others. It is assumed that the subject considers various possibilities in their actions and chooses those that maximize a particular value measure of the subject, in our case, the measure M(P) of the vector projection of the polar vector P of the situation on the sum vector S – the vector of synthesis of basic polarities. The second version of visualization is related to the concept of antinomies – such contradictions that are not formal logical errors – in bioethics. In contrast to errors, in antinomies, both the thesis and the antithesis have their moment of justification within the framework of certain conditions. The concept “antinome” is also used; it is the logical subject of antinomy, which is predicated by the thesis and the antithesis of antinomy. Antinomy reductions correspond to two extreme aspects of the antinome, which are called its “reducts” – by analogy with the reduction of the wave function in quantum mechanics. Various examples of antinomes are given: bioets, globolocs, and holomers. In bioets, one reduct expresses the biological (bioreduct) definition of the antinome, another the ethical (ethoreduct) one. In globolocs, global (globoreduct) and local (locoreduct) types of reducts are distinguished: the former expresses more global (universal) ethical definitions, the latter more local ones, related to the values and norms of a particular local community. Finally, holomers are a kind of antinomes in which the definitions of the whole (holoreduct) and the part (meroreduct) are antinomically connected. They are interpreted as multidimensional mental objects in some generalized space, so that their extreme aspects (antinomy reductions) can be represented as generalized projections of a more multidimensional state within certain constricted conditions (reduction intervals). In this case, it is possible to geometrically visualize such states as, for example, three-dimensional objects in space, through which antinomes can be modeled, and their reducts as two-dimensional projections of a three-dimensional body on certain projection planes (intervals of reducts). In this case, one of the central tasks of bioethics is to determine the boundaries of the demarcation of some intervals from others. For example, in solving the problem of abortion and the status of the human embryo, such a demarcation is expressed in the search for a time point that would separate the phase of a more biological definition (bioreduct) of the embryo from its more ethical state (ethoreduct). In conclusion, the author suggests that bioethical problems are connected with the idea of mental multidimensionality, which forms the basis of a possible visualization as an interpretation of mental multidimensionality in its vector representation.

Pest profile of Amaranthus hybridus was recorded in a single organic agro-ecosystem in Southwestern Nigeria between November-December in 2016 and January-February 2017, during the dry season. Activities of different pests were monitored to identify those responsible for the most significant damage. Vegetable oil-based extracts of Alium sativum, Xylopia aethiopica and Eucalyptus globolus were prepared and applied on A. hybridus as protectants against herbivory by phytophagous insects and damage to foliage was assessed. Thereafter, the extracts were rated based on the mean percentage damage (MPD) recorded in different plots in relation to the treatments. A total of nine pests were recorded from three insect Orders namely, Orthoptera (62.5%), Coleoptera (12.5%) and Lepidoptera (25%) and they were grouped into Major, Minor or Occasional pests based on their activities. Two lepidopterans, Spoladea recurvalis and Psara basalis (Family: Crambidae) were responsible for the most significant damage. All the extracts reduced damage with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) compared with the control. The MPD in X. aethiopica-, A. sativum- and E. globolus-treated plots and the control plots were 10.9%, 8%, 14% and 31.2% respectively when the amaranth was due for harvest in the first trial. The MPD to the amaranth in the treated plots during the second trial was between 13.6% and 16.3% when the harvest was due while the MPD in the control was 54.9%. The performances of E. globolus and X. aethiopica were comparable and they were relatively more effective in protecting A. hybridus against phytophagous pest attacks.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Introdução: Estudos anteriores em população brasileira de pacientes com anemia falciforme detectaram maior freqüência do haplótipo Bantu (70%) em pacientes com anemia falciforme na região Sudeste e de haplótipo Benin (51%) na Bahia. Entretanto, indivíduos com hemoglobinopatia SC (HbSC) da região Sudeste, apresentaram alta freqüência do haplótipo Benin (57%). Esta discrepância na freqüência dos haplótipos β S sugere que diferentes mecanismos podem estar envolvidos nesta distribuição, desde uma provável miscigenação devido à migração interna, como uma diminuição do número de indivíduos Bantu, devido a uma maior gravidade da doença. Objetivo: Para uma melhor elucidação dos mecanismos envolvidos na diferença de haplótipos observada entre portadores de HbSS e HbSC, tivemos como objetivo analisar o haplótipo do gene da globina beta em crianças portadoras de HbSC e compará-lo aos obtidos em indivíduos adultos com a mesma hemoglobinopatia. Casuística: 60 crianças e adolescentes com HbSC provenientes do ambulatório de Hemato-Pediatria do Hospital São Paulo e/ou da triagem neonatal para diagnóstico de hemoglobinopatias. Dados laboratoriais de 28 adultos com HbSC analisados anteriormente neste Serviço. Métodos: A identificação dos haplótipos foi feita por PCR seguida de digestão com enzimas específicas, segundo proposto por Sutton et al. (1989). Resultados: Dos sessenta cromossomos estudados para o haplótipo β s , observou-se a presença do haplótipo Bantu (56,7%) em 34 pacientes, Benin em 25 pacientes (41,7%) e Senegal em 1 paciente (1,6%). Quanto ao haplótipo β c , o haplótipo I foi observado em 54 pacientes (90%), o haplótipo II e o haplótipo III (5%) em 3 pacientes cada. Como resultado da análise do genótipo, pôde-se observar 55% (33/60) de Bantu/I, 35% (21/60) de Benin/I, 5% (3/60) de Benin/II e 1,6% (1/60) dos respectivos genótipos: Bantu/III, Benin/III e Senegal/III. A análise comparativa dos genótipos entre crianças/adolescentes e adultos mostrou maior freqüência do genótipo Bantu/I no primeiro grupo (p=0,04). Discussão e Conclusão: As informações obtidas neste estudo são relevantes já que apontam para uma maior prevalência, na infância, do haplótipo Bantu, diferentemente dos indivíduos adultos que apresentaram haplótipo Benin. Com isso, pode-se sugerir que indivíduos com HbSC e haplótipo β S Bantu possuam um quadro clínico mais grave do que os com haplótipo Benin.
Introduction: Previous studies in Brazilian population have shown higher frequency of Bantu haplotype (70%) in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in Southeast region whereas in Bahia (Noertheast) the SCA patients had more Benin haplotype (51%). However, studies in patients with SC hemoglobinopathy (HbSC) from Southeast region showed a higher frequency of Benin haplotype (57%). The different frequency of haplotypes observed in the same region (Southeast) suggest that some mechanisms may be involved on the haplotype distribution in our population, as miscegenation, secondary to internal migration, or lower Bantu patients due to higher severity of this manifestation. Objective: Our aim was to identify the frequency of beta globin haplotypes in children and teenagers with SC disease comparing to previous analysis of adults with HbSC to understand the mechanisms involved in the haplotype difference observed in these population. Methods: We studied 60 children and teenagers with SC disease from the outclinic patients and/or from the neonatal screening Service of Hospital São Paulo. Laboratorial data from 28 adults with HbSC, previously studied, were also analyzed. The haplotype identification was realized by PCR and digestion following the protocol of Sutton et al. (1989). Results: The analyses of the β S haplotype showed: Bantu in 34 (56.7%) patients, Benin in 25 (41.7%) and Senegal in 1 pacient (1.6%). Regarding the β c haplotype, the I haplotype was observed in 54 pacients (90%), the II and III haplotypes were seen in 3 patients each (5%). The genotypes observed were 55% (33/60) of Bantu/I, 35% (21/60) of Benin/I, 5% (3/60) of Benin/II e 1,6% (1/60) of the following genotypes: Bantu/III, Benin/III and Senegal/III. The comparative analyses between children/teenagers and adults showed higher frequency of Bantu/I genotype in the first group (p=0.04). Discussion and Conclusion: The results obtained in this study are relevant because they showed a higher prevalence of Bantu haplotype in children than in adults. This can suggest that HbSC patients with Bantu haplotype may have worse clinical manifestation than patients with Benin haplotype.
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

The article gives a new formulation of criterion of scientific demarcation, based on the definition of science as a structural methodology, which uses the system of knowledge, in the center of which there are pure structures described by logical theories and possessing their empirical realizations. The notion of subject and object structures is introduced. It is argued that the dichotomy of neopositivism and postpositivism in the history of the philosophy of science was connected with the identification by both of them of structurality only with its object type. It is noted that modern mathematics is almost entirely built on object structures, which are based on the concept of the Faustian number — an infinite type of number, displacing the quantities of other qualities to infinity. The classic example of such a number is the the natural series of numbers that underlies all other number systems. The task is to develop a new type of subject structures, which should be based on the concept of a new, “Pythagorean” number, which can reach infinity at a finite step, and mathematics should fully introduce into its definitions the concept of quantity of a certain quality. From this perspective, the constructs of mathematical analysis as the most developed theory of quantity in modern mathematics are briefly analyzed. It is noted their insufficiency and the need to develop a new concept of qualitative quantity, developed by the author in the theory of the so-called “R-analysis”. Further, the contours of future science are sketched as a science of integral type, based on a new type of ontologies (Windows-ontologies), in which the primary entity is not a thing or a process, but ontological screens and systems of “images” on them. Within the framework of such ontologies there appear their invariants, globolocs, which in some screens can give global, in others — their local representations. On this basis, the concepts of external and internal world are defined, a solution to the difficult problem of consciousness and psychophysical problem is proposed, and the quality of experience/feeling as a fundamental quality of the internal world is derived.