Relevant bibliographies by topics / Globin switching

Academic literature on the topic 'Globin switching'

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Published: 9 March 2023
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Journal articles on the topic "Globin switching"

1

Ikuta, Tohru, Thalia Papayannopoulou, George Stamatoyannopoulos, and Yuet Wai Kan. "Globin Gene Switching." Journal of Biological Chemistry 271, no. 24 (June 14, 1996): 14082–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.24.14082.

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Wood, WG. "Haemoglobin Switching." Physiology 3, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1988.3.1.33.

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Haemoglobin switching involves changes in production of the globin chains at specific times during vertebrate development. The hereditary haemolytic anaemias known as thalassaemias, which result from decreased or no synthesis of one of the globins, are some of the most common genetic diseases of humans.
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Perrine, Susan P. "Switching globin, raising red cells." Blood 118, no. 4 (July 28, 2011): 834–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-06-354373.

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Johnson, Robert M., Deborah Gumucio, and Morris Goodman. "Globin gene switching in primates." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 133, no. 3 (November 2002): 877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00205-2.

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Hsia, Nelson, Jennifer L. Axe, Noelle Paffett-Lugassy, Yi Zhou, and Leonard I. Zon. "Globin switching in the zebrafish." Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases 38, no. 2 (March 2007): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcmd.2006.10.062.

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Kingsley, Paul D., Jeffrey Malik, Rachel L. Emerson, Timothy P. Bushnell, Kathleen E. McGrath, Laura A. Bloedorn, Michael Bulger, and James Palis. "“Maturational” globin switching in primary primitive erythroid cells." Blood 107, no. 4 (February 15, 2006): 1665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-08-3097.

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Mammals have 2 distinct erythroid lineages. The primitive erythroid lineage originates in the yolk sac and generates a cohort of large erythroblasts that terminally differentiate in the bloodstream. The definitive erythroid lineage generates smaller enucleated erythrocytes that become the predominant cell in fetal and postnatal circulation. These lineages also have distinct globin expression patterns. Our studies in primary murine primitive erythroid cells indicate that βH1 is the predominant β-globin transcript in the early yolk sac. Thus, unlike the human, murine β-globin genes are not up-regulated in the order of their chromosomal arrangement. As primitive erythroblasts mature from proerythroblasts to reticulocytes, they undergo a βH1- to ϵy-globin switch, up-regulate adult β1- and β2-globins, and down-regulate ζ-globin. These changes in transcript levels correlate with changes in RNA polymerase II density at their promoters and transcribed regions. Furthermore, the ϵy- and βH1-globin genes in primitive erythroblasts reside within a single large hyperacetylated domain. These data suggest that this “maturational” βH1- to ϵy-globin switch is dynamically regulated at the transcriptional level. Globin switching during ontogeny is due not only to the sequential appearance of primitive and definitive lineages but also to changes in globin expression as primitive erythroblasts mature in the bloodstream.
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Roberts, N. A., J. A. Sloane-Stanley, J. A. Sharpe, S. J. Stanworth, and W. G. Wood. "Globin Gene Switching in Transgenic Mice Carrying HS2-Globin Gene Constructs." Blood 89, no. 2 (January 15, 1997): 713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v89.2.713.

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Abstract We have examined the pattern of human globin gene switching in transgenic mice containing three different γ and β gene constructs (HS2GγAγδβ, HS2Aγβneo, and HS2Aγenβ) and compared the results with previously described transgenics (HS2Aγβ, HS2GγAγ-117δβ, and LCRεGγAγδβ). Developmental regulation was observed in all cases with identical patterns in lines bearing the same construct. Three different patterns of switching were observed: LCRεGγAγδβ and HS2Aγβneo mice switched rapidly, HS2GγAγδβ and HS2GγAγ-117δβ at an intermediate rate, and HS2Aγβ and HS2Aγenβ mice showed delayed switching, with a plateau in late fetal-early neonatal life and readily detectable levels of γ mRNA in adults. No difference was observed in the time of switching of the HS2GγAγδβ mice compared with those with the Aγ-117 hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin mutation, but adult levels of γ mRNA were significantly higher (≈5%) in lines carrying the mutation than in those without (≈1%). Reversion to the rapid switch of the LCRεGγAγδβ mice was observed in three lines with the HS2Aγβ neo construct in which expression of the tk-neo gene was approximately equal to that of the globin genes. The inclusion of the Aγ enhancer in HS2Aγβ mice did not alter the pattern of switching, or reduce the relatively high levels of γ mRNA in these lines. However, unlike other HS2 mice, the combination of HS2 and the Aγ enhancer resulted in copy number-dependent expression in HS2Aγenβ lines, with intrauterine death at ≈12.5 days gestation at high copy numbers. These results demonstrate that numerous elements throughout the β globin gene cluster interact to produce the correct pattern of developmental regulation of these genes. Furthermore, extinction of γ gene expression in adult life is not completely autonomous and is incomplete when HS2 is the only LCR element present.
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Palis, James, Jeff Malik, Rachael L. Emerson, Tim P. Bushnell, Kathleen E. McGrath, Michael Bulger, and Paul D. Kingsley. "“Maturational” Globin Switching in Primary Primitive Erythroid Cells." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 3634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3634.3634.

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Abstract Mammals have two distinct erythroid lineages. The “definitive” erythroid lineage generates small, enucleated erythrocytes that constitute the predominant cell type in the fetal and postnatal circulation. It is preceded by the “primitive” erythroid lineage, which originates in the yolk sac and generates a semi-synchronous wave of large erythroblasts that terminally differentiate in the bloodstream. This feature provides a unique opportunity to investigate changes in gene expression during erythroid maturation. Here, we have examined expression of the various α- and β-globin genes in purified populations of primary primitive erythroid cells isolated from progressive developmental time-points of mouse embryogenesis. Our studies, using both in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR, indicate that βH1 is the predominant β-globin transcript in the early yolk sac. Thus, unlike the human, the murine β-globin genes are not up-regulated in the order of their chromosomal arrangement. As primitive erythroblasts mature from proerythroblasts to reticulocytes, they undergo a βH1- to εy-globin switch, up-regulate low levels of the adult β1- and β2-globins, and down-regulate ζ-globin. These changes in transcript levels correlate with changes in RNA polymerase II density at their promoters and transcribed regions as assayed by ChIP assays. Furthermore, we found that the εy- and βH1-globin genes in primitive erythroblasts reside within a single large hyperacetylated domain. Taken together, these results are consistent with the notion that this βH1- to εy-globin “maturational” switch is dynamically regulated at the transcriptional level. We conclude that the embryonic to adult globin switch that occurs during murine ontogeny is due not only to the sequential appearance of primitive and definitive erythroid lineages but also to striking changes in globin gene expression that occur as primitive erythroblasts mature in the bloodstream.
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Xu, Jian, Vijay G. Sankaran, Yuko Fujiwara, and Stuart H. Orkin. "Control of Hemoglobin Switching by BCL11A." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.5.5.

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Abstract Abstract 5 All vertebrates switch expression of globin chains during development. In humans b-like globins switch from embryonic to fetal to adult, whereas in the mouse a single switch from embryonic to adult occurs. The switch from human fetal (g) to adult (b) expression is especially critical in the b-hemoglobin disorders, such as sickle cell anemia and the b-thalassemias. Delay of the switch or reactivation of the fetal gene in the adult stage greatly ameliorates clinical severity. Despite intensive molecular studies of the human b-globin cluster over more than two decades, the proteins regulating the switch, and the mechanisms controlling the process, have been largely elusive. Recently, genome-wide association studies identified genetic variation at a chromosome 2 locus that correlates with the level of HbF in different populations. The most highly associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reside in an intron of the BCL11A gene, which encodes a zinc-finger repressor protein. Previously we showed that shRNA-mediated ex vivo knockdown of BCL11A in cultured human CD34-derived erythroid precursors leads to robust HbF expression, consistent with a role for BCL11A in maintaining g-genes in a silenced state in adult cells. To address in vivo roles of BCL11A either in development or in globin gene silencing in an intact individual, we have employed stringent genetic tests of function in mice that carry a complete human b-globin gene cluster as a yeast artificial chromosome transgene (b-locus mice). Knockout of BCL11A in mice leads to failure to silence the endogenous b-like embryonic genes in adult erythroid cells of the fetal liver (>2500-fold derepression). The ratio of human g to b globin RNA in the fetal liver of BCL11A knockout mice is inverted compared to controls, such that g constitutes >90% of the b-like human expression at embryonic day (E)14.5 and >75% at E18.5. These quantitatively striking findings indicate that BCL11A controls developmental silencing of g-globin gene expression. To address by formal genetics the contribution of BCL11A to g silencing in adult animals we have employed conditional inactivation of BCL11A through hematopoietic- and erythroid-specific Cre-alleles. These experiments reveal that BCL11A is also required in vivo for g-gene silencing in adults. We observed that human g-globin expression is persistently derepressed >2000-fold (as compared to littermate controls) in bone marrow erythroblasts of 15-20 week old b-locus mice upon erythroid-specific deletion of BCL11A. Taken together, these findings establish BCL11A as the first genetically validated transcriptional regulator of both developmental control of globin switching and silencing of g-globin expression in adults. The recognition of these roles for BCL11A now permits focused mechanistic studies of the switch. In human erythroid cells, BCL11A physically interacts with at least two corepressor complexes, Mi-2/NuRD and LSD1/CoREST, as well as the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 and the HMG-box protein SOX6. Rather than binding to the promoters of the g- or b-globin genes as do these latter factors, BCL11A protein occupies the upstream locus control and g-d-intergenic regions of the b-globin cluster (as determined by high resolution ChIP-Chip analysis), suggesting that BCL11A mediates long-range interactions and/or reconfigures the locus during different stages. An in-depth mechanistic understanding of globin switching offers the prospect for design of target-based activation of HbF in adult erythroid cells of patients with hemoglobin disorders. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Grosveld, F., M. Antoniou, M. Berry, E. de Boer, N. Dillon, J. Ellis, P. Fraser, et al. "Regulation of Human Globin Gene Switching." Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 58 (January 1, 1993): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/sqb.1993.058.01.004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Globin switching"

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Ganis, Jared Jason. "Regulators of hemoglobin switching in zebrafish and human models." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11391.

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Hemoglobin switching is a developmental process involving the dynamic transcriptional regulation of multiple globin genes. This molecular process involves multiple layer of complexity, and elucidating new mechanisms in this process will result in a more complete understanding of general gene regulation and will likely have direct clinical implications for hemoglobinopathies, such as sickle cell anemia. In this dissertation, I develop and characterize a new model for hemoglobin switching, the zebrafish. I defined and fully annotated the two zebrafish globin loci, termed major and minor loci. Both loci contain α– and β–genes oriented in a head–to–head fashion. Characterization of the globin expression pattern precisely defined the timing of normal switching and demonstrated that zebrafish, like humans, have two globin switches. The locus control region for the major locus was identified and in conjunction with a proximal promoter was able to generate robust, erythroid–specific expression in a transgenic line.
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ELANGOVAN, SUDHARSHAN. "Role of Sox6 and Coup-TFII transcription factors in the regulation of hemoglobin switching." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/59018.

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Several transcription factors are essential for erythroid commitment and for differential globin gene expression during development. Sox6 and COUP-TFII are important Transcription Factors that are known to be modulators of globins genes regulation. By using a variant erythroleukemic cell line (V-K562) expressing both γ- and β- globins, we show how Sox6 and COUP-TFII are able to differentially regulate fetal versus adult globin genes. Both Sox6 and COUP-TFII binds in vitro and in vivo to the γ-globin promoter. Lentiviral mediated overexpression of Sox6 in this variant cells predominantly increases β-globin expression while COUP-TFII overexpression increases level of γ-globin expression. Co-transduction of Sox6 and COUP-TFII at different levels proportionately alters the balance between γ- and the β-globin expression suggesting that their differential expression could able to influence the switch. In line with these results, mouse embryonic fetal liver cells during the switching time (from E 11.5-13.5) show an increase in the level of Sox6 during development and a parallel decrease in the level of COUP-TFII expression. Preliminary experiments in human erythroid cultures from peripheral blood indicate that at low levels of COUP-TFII transduced cells, COUP-TFII overexpression increases the γ-globin expression level indicating COUP-TFII as a prospective target whose modulation can increase γ-globin expression.
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Amaya, Maria. "The Role of the Nucleosome Remodeling and Histone Deacetylase (NuRD) Complex in Fetal γ-Globin Expression." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/521.

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An understanding of the human fetal to adult hemoglobin switch offers the potential to ameliorate β-type globin gene disorders such as sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia through activation of the fetal γ-globin gene. Chromatin modifying complexes, including MBD2-NuRD and GATA-1/FOG-1/NuRD play a role in γ-globin gene silencing, and Mi2β (CHD4) is a critical component of NuRD complexes. In the studies presented in Chapter 2, we observed that the absence of MBD2 in a sickle cell mouse model leads to a decrease in the number of sickled cells observed in the peripheral blood, and significantly increases survival in these mice. Although further studies will be necessary to fully understand the effect of MBD2 knockout in sickle cell disease mice, absence of MBD2 appears to partially ameliorate the sickle cell anemia phenotype in vivo. In the studies presented in Chapter 3, we observed that knockdown of Mi2β relieves γ-globin gene silencing in β-YAC transgenic murine CID hematopoietic cells and in CD34+ progenitor derived human primary adult erythroid cells. We show that independent of MBD2-NuRD and GATA-1/FOG-1/NuRD, Mi2β binds directly to and positively regulates both the KLF1 and BCL11A genes, which encode transcription factors critical for γ-globin gene silencing during β-type globin gene switching. Remarkably, less than 50% knockdown of Mi2β is sufficient to significantly induce γ-globin gene expression without disrupting erythroid differentiation of primary human CD34+ progenitors. These results indicate that Mi2β is a potential target for therapeutic induction of fetal hemoglobin.
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Kim, Kicheon. "QoS supporting mechanisms for a global packet switching network." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387467.

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Emery, Martin Banking &amp Finance Australian School of Business UNSW. "Studies into global asset allocation strategies using the markov-switching model." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Banking & Finance, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43098.

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This thesis presents the potential opportunities of global asset allocation and the possible enhancement of these opportunities from using a Markov Switching Model. The thesis extends upon previous conditional asset pricing studies in global asset allocation, such as those done by Ilamnen (1995), Harvey, Solnik and Zhou (1992) and Bilson (1993), where expected future returns are forecast based on conditional variables. The finding of these studies, and many others, are combined with the works on Markov Switching models and market segmentation theories to create a uniform structure for analysing regime switching properties in currencies, international equities and international bond markets. This thesis is segregated into 4 major sections. The chapters 1-4 develop a unified framework that is used in the analysis of markets. The chapters 5-7 are focused on currencies, international equities and international bonds. For each market a model is constructed that is based upon the structure proposed by Frankel and Froot (1988). In this model the market is segmented into two groups ?? value based investors and momentum based investors. To replicate this structure, a two regime Markov Switching model is used, where one regime is constructed as a value regime and the second is constructed as a momentum regime. These models are then compared to linear versions of the models, to see whether there is any additional benefit to the application of regime switching methods. In conjunction with testing the potential benefits of the Markov Regime Switching process, this study also investigates the very nature, or characteristics of regime switching in the international markets. This is undertaken though some alternate models and enhancements to see whether there is any predictability, or characterisations can be made of the switching process. To ensure a comprehensive analysis, several analytical methods have been used, including extensive econometric modelling, statistical analysis of forecasts and portfolio back testing. A number of conclusions can be drawn from the results. Firstly it appears that there is substantial evidence of regime switching in international markets, such as that shown in a Frankel-Froot framework. This in turn has major implication for the understanding of the way in which international markets function, and further the empirical evidence supports many of the anecdotal observations of market based participants. Secondly, there appears to be a strong level of economic relevance to the modelling. The models are shown to generate a theoretical economic profit, which shows that the international markets are only semi efficient. Further, forecasts generated from the Markov Switching models outperform the linear counterparts in economic significance in portfolio tests. However, for both equities and bonds, the general accuracy of the forecast tends to be inferior to the linear counterparts. Finally, the nature of regime switching is investigated in detail, particularly in reference to 3 potential drivers ?? greed, fear and success. The evidence shows that these can help explain the characteristics of regime switching, as in some cases potentially adding economic value. However, it seems that success is more important than a broader economic environment.
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Hubbard, Jason. "The Dynamics of Global States in Executive Control." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22632.

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In the present work, we examine how the cognitive system responds to complex environments. It has been proposed that executive control, which is responsible for orchestrating high-level behavior in such environments, operates according to different broad processing modes, one geared towards stability and focus (“maintenance”), and the other that’s open to environmental influence (“updating”). Aging work has proposed that this latter mode is over-represented in older age, leading to deficits in many, but not all cognitive domains. Across three studies, we sought to identify the dynamics of the updating state in particular, and how those dynamics are shifted in older age. In Chapter 2, we used a paradigm designed specifically to enforce maintenance and updating states with an age-comparative sample, and found that older adults show increased behavioral costs (reaction times) and distractibility (distractor fixations) consistent with being “chronic updaters”. In Chapter 3 we probed the updating state by examining spontaneous fixations towards irrelevant cues, allowing us to identify how it occurs both in response to the task context, and independently from it. We found that older adults were more sensitive to global changes in the task context (single versus mixed-task blocks), but also showed a stronger tendency to update independently from the task. Younger adults, by contrast, were more prone to update in response to transient task events. In Chapter 4, we lay the groundwork to address these questions with neuroimaging, using machine learning to extract information regarding the task context (task set, targets, distractors, response-selection) in a task-switching paradigm on a trial-by-trial and moment-by-moment level. This opens the door for more directly measuring neural signatures of updating and gives a more high-fidelity measure to examine the dynamics of how and when it occurs. Together, this work provides some insight into the dynamics and age-differences involved in global processing states, which heretofore have been under-investigated in the literature. Additionally, we provide important analytic and methodological advancements for extending this work in the future.
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Stokłosa, Michał Jerzy. "Effects of the evolving global tobacco product landscape on smokers' switching behaviors." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31275.

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How effectively governments can use tobacco tax as a public health and a revenue-generating measure depends on how able smokers are to circumvent the tax by switching to other tobacco products. Recently, tobacco product switching has become more common, especially with many new tobacco product types appearing on the market. The research on these switching behaviors is scarce. This thesis provides analysis in three aspects tobacco product switching: (1) price-driven between-product substitution, (2) switching to newly-introduced tobacco products and (3) switching to products on which no domestic tax has been paid. When the ratio of tobacco product prices changes, consumers sometimes choose to switch between products. Zambia, with a high prevalence of roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco, a less costly alternative to factory-made (FM) cigarettes, is a case in point. The study presented in the second chapter of this thesis used individual-level data obtained from the 2012 and 2014 waves of the ITC Zambia Survey to model the probability of FM and RYO cigarette smoking, as well as between-product substitution. It found that increasing the cigarette tax, with corresponding price increases, could significantly reduce cigarette use in Zambia. Furthermore, reducing between-product price differences would reduce substitution from FM to RYO. With the proliferation of many new tobacco product types, traditional cigarettes are becoming less dominant. With the introduction of a new product to the market, between-product switching might not be influenced purely by price differences across product types, but rather driven by the increased variety of products on the market. Chapter three makes use of a natural experiment created during the rollout of a heated tobacco product, IQOS, in 2015 and 2016 in Japan to examine if trends in cigarette sales have changed with the introduction of IQOS in each region. A series of placebo models are estimated to test if events other than IQOS introduction could have better explained trends in cigarette sales. The results show that the introduction of IQOS likely reduced cigarette sales in Japan. Large differences in cigarette prices observed between geographical regions might incentivize some smokers from regions with higher cigarette prices to switch to cheaper cigarettes available across the border. The fourth chapter uses 2004-2017 official European Commission data and a methodology developed by Becker (1990), to analyze the association between prices and crossborder cigarette purchases in the European Union. Incentives for cross-border purchasing are measured as a function of differences in cigarette prices between bordering countries, controlling for population density near borders and for gasoline prices. The scale of cross-border cigarette purchasing in the EU is small, and not-significant through maritime borders. An upward convergence of cigarette prices across EU Member States would further reduce the cross-border purchasing problem.
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Andersson, Sebastian. "On the Specification of Local Models in a Global Vector Autoregression: A Comparison of Markov-Switching Alternatives." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226918.

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In this paper, focus is on the global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model. Its attractiveness stems from an ability to incorporate global interdependencies when modeling local economies. The model is based on a collection of local models, which in general are estimated as regular VAR models. This paper examines alternative specifications of the local models by estimating them as regime-switching VAR models, where transition probabilities between different states are studied using both constant and time-varying settings. The results show that regime-switching models are appealing as they yield inferences about the states of the economy, but these inferences are not guaranteed to be reasonable from an economic point of view. Furthermore, the global solution of the model is in some cases non-stationary when local models are regime-switching. The conclusion is that the regime-switching alternatives, while theoretically reasonable, are sensitive to the exact specification used. At the same time, the issue of specifying the regime-switching models in such a way that they perform adequately speaks in favor of the simpler, yet functional, basic GVAR model.
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Riccardi, William III. "An Empirical Analysis of the Global Audit Market: International Financial Reporting Standards-Related Changes and Differences within the Big 4 Global Networks." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1440.

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Ongoing debates within the professional and academic communities have raised a number of questions specific to the international audit market. This dissertation consists of three related essays that address such issues. First, I examine whether the propensity to switch between auditors of different sizes (i.e., Big 4 versus non-Big 4) changes as adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) becomes a more common phenomenon, arguing that smaller auditors have an opportunity to invest in necessary skills and training needed to enter this market. Findings suggest that clients are relatively less (more) likely to switch to (away from) a Big 4 auditor if the client’s adoption of IFRS occurs in more recent years. In the second essay, I draw on these inferences and test whether the change in audit fees in the year of IFRS adoption changes over time. As the market becomes less concentrated, larger auditors becomes less able to demand a premium for their services. Consistent with my arguments, results suggest that the change in audit service fees declines over time, although this effect seems concentrated among the Big 4. I also find that this effect is partially attributable to a differential effect of the auditors’ experience in pricing audit services related to IFRS based on the period in which adoption occurs. The results of these two essays offer important implications to policy debates on the costs and benefits of IFRS adoption. In the third essay, I differentiate Big 4 auditors into three classifications—Parent firms, Brand Name affiliates, and Local affiliates—and test for differences in audit fee premiums (relative to non-Big 4 auditors) and audit quality. Results suggest that there is significant heterogeneity between the three classifications based on both of these characteristics, which is an important consideration for future research. Overall, this dissertation provides additional insights into a variety of aspects of the global audit market.
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Klein, Matthew. "Cap and trade or a carbon tax? how to reduce CO₂ emissions /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3808.

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Books on the topic "Globin switching"

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George, Stamatoyannopoulos, Nienhuis Arthur W, and Conference on Hemoglobin Switching (7th : 1990 : Airlie, Va.), eds. The Regulation of hemoglobin switching. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.

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George, Stamatoyannopoulos, and Nienhuis Arthur W, eds. Hemoglobin switching: Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Hemoglobin Switching, held in Airlie, Virginia, September 24-27, 1988. New York: A.R. Liss, 1989.

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George, Stamatoyannopoulos, and Nienhuis Arthur W, eds. Developmental control of globin gene expression: Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Hemoglobin Switching, held in Airlie, Virginia, September 28-October 1, 1986. New York: Liss, 1987.

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Hans-Jörg, Vögel, ed. GSM switching, services, and protocols. Chichester: Wiley, 1999.

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P, Banks Stephen. Global stabilization of nonlinear systems via switching manifolds. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, Dept. of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, 1996.

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S, Brutoco Rinaldo, Cusumano James A, and World Business Academy, eds. Freedom from mid-east oil. [Ojai, Calif.]: World Business Academy, 2007.

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Yŏnʼguwŏn, Hanʼguk Chŏnja Tʻongsin, and Korea (South) Chŏngbo Tʻongsinbu, eds. 4-sedae idong tʻongsin kisul kaebal chung 4-sedae idong tʻongsin pʻaekʻit musŏn chŏnsong kisul yŏnʼgu =: Research on packet transmission technology for 4th generation mobile communication. [Seoul]: Chŏngbo Tʻongsinbu, 2005.

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Energy and tax policy: Hearing before the Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, February 28, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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Bovair, Jennifer L. Alternative transportation fuels and vehicle technologies: Challenges and opportunities : a report of the CSIS Energy and National Security Program, CSIS Global Strategy Institute, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Washington, D.C: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2008.

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Hemoglobin switching: Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Hemoglobin Switching, held in Airlie, Virginia, September 24-27, 1988 (Progress in clinical and biological research). A.R. Liss, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Globin switching"

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Grosveld, F., M. Antoniou, M. Berry, E. de Boer, N. Dillon, J. Ellis, P. Fraser, et al. "The regulation of human globin gene switching." In Transgenic Modification of Germline and Somatic Cells, 45–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1240-6_6.

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Perrine, Susan P., Paul Swerdlow, Douglas V. Faller, Gene Qin, Abraham M. Rudolph, James Reczek, and Yuet Wai Kan. "Butyric Acid Modulates Developmental Globin Gene Switching in Man and Sheep." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 177–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0623-8_18.

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Moriarty, Patrick, and Damon Honnery. "Introduction to Global Energy Challenges." In Switching Off, 1–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0767-8_1.

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Chan, Ka Long Roy. "Code-Switching in Hong Kong." In Teaching English Language Variation in the Global Classroom, 132–41. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003124665-17.

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Kardo-Sysoev, Alexei F. "Global Limitation on Fast Switching by Semiconductor Devices." In Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 8, 235–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73046-2_31.

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Krolzig, Hans-Martin. "Markov-Switching Models of Global and International Business Cycles." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 259–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51684-9_13.

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Whitten, Dwayne. "Adaptability in IT Sourcing: The Impact of Switching Costs." In Global Sourcing of Information Technology and Business Processes, 202–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15417-1_11.

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Park, Dohyun, In-Bum Chung, and Dong-Hoon Choi. "Surrogate Based Global Optimization Using Adaptive Switching Infill Sampling Criterion." In Advances in Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 692–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67988-4_52.

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Boukis, Achilleas, and Spiros Gounaris. "Some Preliminary Evidence for the Effect of Employee Satisfaction on Relational Switching Costs." In The Sustainable Global Marketplace, 162–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10873-5_83.

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Perera, P. C. "Global Asymptotic Controllability of Polynomial Switched Systems and Their Switching Laws." In Emergent Problems in Nonlinear Systems and Control, 239–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03627-9_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Globin switching"

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Fujiwara, M., S. Suzuki, K. Emura, M. Kondo, K. Manome, I. Mito, K. Kaede, M. Shikada, and M. Sakaguchi. "Optical Switching in Coherent Lightwave Systems." In Photonic Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/phs.1987.tha4.

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Broad-band networks providing various kinds of services, such as video and high speed data communications, have received increasing attention in not only local-area networks(LANs) but also wide-area networks(WANs). Recent progress in optical fiber transmission has already made worldwide point-to-point transmission links possible. Coherent lightwave technology would further make evolution in transmission length and information capacity. Optical switch would be a key technology for achieving all optical broad-band WANs, where switching and routing functions will be accomplished in optical domain as well as transmission. A possible architecture of global WAN is illustrated in fig.1. Optical communication utilizing both inland and under-sea optical fiber transmissions, together with satellite communication, will play an important role in broad-band global WANs. With these networks, broad-band communication/distribution services will be offered to all over the globe.
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Kogelnik, Herwig. "Photonics Beyond Information Transport?" In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1995.pwa1.

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Photonics has rapidly become the dominant technology for the transmission of information in the national and global infrastructure, including undersea, terrestrial long-haul, CATV and local telephone access applications. Expanding this success deeper into the network, we are challenged by new requirements such as conforming to the new ATM (asynchronous transfer-mode) standards and by new opportunities such as wavelength routing and transparent high-capacity networking.
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Psaltis, Demetri. "Optical Neural Computers." In Photonic Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/phs.1987.wb3.

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The development of optical computers of any type is based on the notion that semiconductor technology imposes limitations in the performance of current computers which prevent them from being effectively used for the solution of a class of interesting computational problems. If optics is used instead, these limitations will be lifted and we will therefore be able to now solve these interesting problems. Global connectivity is perhaps the most distinctive feature of optics vis-a-vis semiconductor technology, and the development of optical neural computers can be viewed as an attempt to exploit this feature. In a neural network each elementary computational unit, the neuron, directly communicates to thousands of others, while in electronic computers each gate is typically connected to only two or three gates. With optics it is feasible to realize the dense connectivity that is evident in neural networks. This provides the impetus for examining neural network models of computation to get ideas about how to build optical computers whose performance is clearly better than their electronic counterparts.
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Dumortier, Philip, Thierry Van Landegem, Francesco Masetti, and Michel Sotom. "Telecom Networks Going Photonic: Reconciling Transparency with Scalability." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1995.pwd2.

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The introduction of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) techniques into fiber networks opens perspectives for a global transparent optical telecommunication backbone. One of the most promising features of optical telecommunications is to provide a common infrastructure which could become an integration factor in a heterogenous but interconnected network environment. Furthermore optics can provide a degree of network transparency to bitrate, transfer mode and signal format of the transported signals. By using transparent optical crossconnect nodes, based on space and wavelength routing, a rearrangeble network topology can be achieved. Local exchanges could, in principle, be connected directly to each other through end-to-end transparent optical paths.
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Inoue, Hiroaki, Tatemi Ido, Hirohisa Sano, and Tatsuo Kanetake. "InP-based MQW optical devices for photonic switching." In Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ps.1997.jfa1.

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Increasing demands for high-bit-rate transmission technologies enabling interactive multimedia era reach to establishing the global information infrastructure based upon optical tera-bit/s telecommunication network.1) The optical network, which fully utilizes optical bandwidth of fiber, will exploit the functionality offered not only by TDM(Time Division Multiplexing) but also by WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing) technologies. The optical high-bit-rate(TDM) and WDM transmission technologies accompanied by the optical node2) technologies such as WDM-ADM(Add/Drop Multiplexer) and WDM-OXC(Optical Crossconnect) require the even more functional optoelectronic devices. Semiconductor based optical devices is becoming more and more of a requirement as key devices, in terms of the advanced functionality, such as high- speed modulators over 10Gb/s, compact optical amplifiers, matrix space switches, wavelength converters, and so on.
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Wang, Fanggang, and Soung Chang Liew. "Wireless MIMO switching." In GLOBECOM 2012 - 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2012.6503806.

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Hanatani, Shoichi. "Overview of global FTTH market and state-of-the-art technologies." In OptoElectronics and Communications Conference and Photonics in Switching. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oecc_ps.2013.wp4_1.

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Danilewicz, Grzegorz, Wojciech Kabacinski, and Remigiusz Rajewski. "The New Banyan-Based Switching Fabric Architecture Composed of Asymmetrical Optical Switching Elements." In GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2009.5425455.

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Anpeng Huang, Pin-Han Ho, Xiaohong Jiang, Minyi Guo, and S. Horiguchi. "Optical flooding cluster switching (OFCS)." In GLOBECOM '05. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2005.1578015.

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Rauschenbach, K., R. Hain, A. Jackson, J. Jacob, W. Leland, J. Lowry, W. Miliken, et al. "Improved capacity utilization via agile wavelength provisioning and protection sharing in global core optical metworks." In 2009 International Conference on Photonics in Switching (PS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ps.2009.5307758.

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Reports on the topic "Globin switching"

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Yılmaz, Fatih. Understanding the Dynamics of the Renewable Energy Transition: The Determinants and Future Projections Under Different Scenarios. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp25.

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The global energy system’s current structure has severe environmental consequences that necessitate an urgent transformation toward more sustainable alternatives. Besides many available mitigation actions, such as enhancing energy efficiency, deploying nuclear energy, switching fuels and adopting carbon capture technologies, renewable energy (RE) has been the most widely applied one in many countries, especially for the power sector. The average country-level share of non-hydroelectric renewable energy (NhRE) in power generation rose sixfold over the last two decades, from less than 1% in 2000 to roughly 6% in 2018. Despite its wide application, significant heterogeneity exists in the RE transition across countries.
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Méndez-Vizcaíno, Juan C., and Nicolás Moreno-Arias. A Global Shock with Idiosyncratic Pains: State-Dependent Debt Limits for LATAM during the COVID-19 pandemic. Banco de la República, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1175.

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Fiscal sustainability in five of the largest Latin American economies is examined before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the DSGE model in Bi(2012) and Hürtgen (2020) is used to estimate the Fiscal Limits and Fiscal Spaces for Peru, Chile, Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. These estimates advance the empirical literature for Latin America on fiscal sustainability by offering new calculations stemming from a structural framework with alluring novel features: government default on the intensive margin; dynamic Laffer curves; utility-based stochastic discount factor; and a Markov-Switching process for public transfers with an explosive regime. The most notable additions to the existing literature for Latin America are the estimations of entire distributions of public debt limits for various default probabilities and that said limits critically hinge on both current and future states. Results obtained indicate notorious contractions of Fiscal Spaces among all countries during the pandemic, but the sizes of these were very heterogeneous. Countries that in 2019 had positive spaces and got closer to negative spaces in 2020, have since seen deterioration of their sovereign debt ratings or outlooks. Colombia was the only country to lose its positive Fiscal Space and investment grade, thereby joining Brazil, the previously sole member of both groups
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