Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Globale/locale'
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Gazzola, Paola <1979>. "Marca e territorio tra locale e globale." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/450.
Full textVEYSI, MOHSEN. "Kunstwollen: una visione contemporanea locale, globale, transculturale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1200421.
Full textAlois Riegl's great impact on art history is undeniable. He influenced many art historians and theorists from Erwin Panofsky, Wilhelm Worringer, Walter Benjamin, Ernst Kris, Ernst Gombrich, Gilles Deleuze, Karl Mannheim… to the Nobel Laureate Dr. Eric Kandel. Riegl’s cosmopolitan character, and his liberal aesthetic points of view along with his beliefs on equality of all art forms (painting, drawing, sculpture, architecture, craft…), and judging the art of each era based on facts and figures that represent the Kunstwollen (art+will) of that period, makes him an exceptional scholar who was far ahead of his time, and closer to our era. A contemporary art historian belonged to the Vienna 1900. The first chapter, thus, has been dedicated to Alois Riegl and his historiographical method, and his key concepts such as Kunstwollen and the role of the beholder. The contents of this chapter take part of my book Who the hell is Alois Riegl and what are his theories on art history all about? Riegl’s Kunstwollen – the artistic will – is an inner drive that is fueled by the cultural and historical values of the time, expressed through visual elements as an artform, creating each period’s art style. This WILL which is connected to the Weltanschauung (world view) of each era, changes according to the time, nation, and location; hence, each epoch has its own Kunstwollen that is unique and unrepeatable. Kunstwollen, is the way each culture perceives the world in a particular historical time and manifests it through the art of that period. Therefore, the second chapter starts by analyzing the ways that human brain perceives the external world and creates its own internal images from a scientific view based on the ideas of Eric Kandel, and how our perception becomes art through the theories of different anthropologists and art historians. The chapter continues by introducing the contemporary art as a global art, through which, each culture represents its own contemporary art. Just like an international language that gives the possibility to the people from different cultures and nationalities with different languages to communicate with each other, and express their ideas; contemporary art works as an international art, through which artists from diverse parts of the world expose their artworks which have their roots in their own cultural and historical background. Through the Global Contemporary art each nation manifests its own contemporary Kunstwollen. If contemporary art is global that gives the different cultures the possibility to present their contemporary art to the world, then there needs to be a global art history through which each culture describes its local art. The essay then continues by describing and comparing the approaches and challenges towards defining and creating a global art history. By referring to the ideas of theorists and art historians such as Hans Belting, James Elkins, Peter Weibel, David Summers, John Onians, Kitty Zijlmans, Wilfried van Damme…and introducing diverse academic programs such as the Universitat Heidelberg, the University of East Anglia, The University of Leiden, and…will be discussed. The third chapter starts with describing the main characteristics or the Kunstwollen of the global contemporary art, and then based on the contents of the previous chapters and my personal experiences, I will try to discover the Kunstwollen of the contemporary art of three countries in which I lived, studied, and taught: Iran, Italy, and The United states of America.
Schmit, Francis. "Approches mécaniques globale et locale de la rupture de polycarbonate." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0125.
Full textFontana, Andrea. "Valutazione numerica comparativa dell'impatto locale e globale di sistemi energetici cogenerativi." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
Find full textChaumat, Hélène. "Hydrodynamique locale et globale d'une colonne à bulles en conditions industrielles." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT017G.
Full textIn order to extend the present knowledge of gas-liquid contactor to industrial applications, this study deals with global and local characterization of the complex flow encountered in bubble colurnn working with solvents, at high flow rates and with partition plates. The measurement of local hydrodynamic needs first the elaboration and the validation of a methodology which allows the use of an optical bi-probe in complex flows. The related experimental study provides on the first hand data on axial and radial evolutions of local characteristics in solvent (gas hold-up, velocity and diameter) and on the other hand effects of media, liquid throughput and partition plates. As the knowledge of gas-liquid dispersion isn’t sufficient to anticipate the efficiency of an industrial reactor, the gas-liquid mass transfer is estimated. For this purpose, an original approach, based on a steady state study of nitrogen desorption with carbon dioxide, is proposed
Gendre, Lionel. "Approche globale / locale non-intrusive : application aux structures avec plasticité localisée." Phd thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449687/fr/.
Full textThis work introduces a method for embedding local details, nonlinear phenomena or innovative features into an industrial finite element problem in a non-intrusive way, ie. Without modifying the existing model data or software. It consists in creating a local model of the concerned region, containing the desired features, and then substituting it into the industrial problem, by the means of a solver coupling technique adapted from domain decomposition methods; non-intrusiveness and flexibility are obtained by using both solvers as black boxes and by only exchanging load vectors between the solvers. The method is currently applied to introduce localized plasticity and geometric details into a large linear elastic model. Two kinds of local boundary conditions are studied (Dirichlet and Robin) and a non-intrusive quasi-Newton acceleration technique is introduced, that leads to very fast convergence. Examples are shown using the commercial software package Abaqus, including a large 3D problem provided by our industrial partner Snecma
Guillotel, Philippe. "De l'optimisation globale à l'optimisation locale psycho-visuelle en codage vidéo." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S009.
Full textVideo coding is an essential part of the production-delivery-rendering video chain. The efficiency of the coding scheme gives the quality perceived by the final user and contributes to the evaluation of the quality of experience (or QoE). A video encoder is a complex system with many different aspects requiring a specific know-how to specify the right algorithm for the considered application. This work deals with the main topics to be considered, proposes innovative solutions and discusses their respective performances. The first part is an introduction to the coding of video signals with some remainders on the general principles necessary to understand this thesis. Spatial sampling, temporal sampling and colorimetry theories are first discussed, and the encoding is introduced just after. The different tools and mechanisms are described, as well as the main existing standards relevant regarding this work. The video formats impact is discussed to demonstrate the interest of the progressive scanning format, even if it is not yet largely diploid because of the necessary backward compatibility. Finally, we demonstrate the importance of knowing the applicative context in a particular case, the professional video production where very high quality video is required. The second part is dedicated to the global optimisation issues based on both the complexity-distortion and rate-distortion functions, where the distortion is mainly the mathematical difference between the original and decoded signals. The first chapter introduces the adequacy between the algorithm and the considered platform. We discuss here a specific IC considered today as one of the most efficient IC of its generation. A particular focus is proposed in the other chapters regarding adaptive coding techniques for the signal, channel or user. The third part introduces a new research area recently attracting a lot of attention from the academic researchers, the local perceptual coding. After an introduction of the human visual system, distortion metrics and other subjective aspects, different research studies are presented. It is proposed to use local adaptation based on the human perception. In other words we propose to study how each picture area can be encoded to provide a better subjective quality. It is a recent research topic but it opens new perspectives not yet fully explored. Finally, extensions and perspectives are proposed in the conclusion to complete this work
Kantidis, Emmanuel. "Rupture fragile intergranulaire d'un acier faiblement allié : approches globale et locale /." Gif-sur-Yvette : Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356268930.
Full textSouvestre, Florent. "Mesure laser de trajectoire par décomposition de la mesure locale et globale." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647234.
Full textNguyen, Viet Tung. "Modélisation globale et locale des structures multicouches par éléments finis de plaque." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001003.
Full textGeffroy, Arthur. "Contribution a l'étude locale et globale de l'enveloppe convexe d'un échantillon aléatoire." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES017.
Full textNait, Ouhra Abdessamad. "Dynamique, rhéologie globale et locale des vésicules et globules rouges en microcirculation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY069.
Full textThe rheology and dynamics of red blood cells (RBCs) under confined flows (simple shear and Poiseuille flows), are studied in the Stokes limit. We numerically investigated the rheology of a suspension of RBCs under shear flow in a confined geometry using bounday integral method. We show that the suspension can exhibit both shear-thinning and shear-thickening behavior depending on viscosity contrast between the encapsulated fluid and the suspending one. We provide an appealing interpretation of these behaviors providing a link between microdynamics and global rheology. In the second study, we found that, by increasing the internal viscosity of the suspended entity, the final position can be off-centered, a solution that may either coexist (saddle node bifurcation) or not (pitchfork bifurcation) with the centered solution. These results are somewhat surprising given the general belief that flexible particles tend to migrate away from solid boundaries in shear flow. This novel scenario strongly affects rheological properties of dilute as well as concentrated RBC suspensions.In the last part of this thesis, we focused on the local rheology of RBC suspension. A universal law is discovered: the local viscosity and the relation between stress and strain rate can be well described as a function of the local concentration only, independently of the channel's width within which the suspension flow takes place or the global concentration of the suspension
Bendjaballah-Lalaoui, Nadia. "Hydrodynamique globale et locale dans un réacteur à gazosiphon à recirculation externe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL078N.
Full textBen, Hadj Hamouda Hédi. "Endommagement et fissuration en fluage de polyéthylènes extrudes : approche locale - approche globale." ENSMP, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENMP0889.
Full textBruno, Eric. "De l'estimation locale à l'estimation globale de mouvement dans les séquences d'images." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10190.
Full textLerisson, Gaétan. "Stabilité d'une onde de gravité interne, analyse locale, globale et croissance transitoire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX017/document.
Full textInternal gravity waves that exist in a continuously stratified fluid are particularly important in the ocean. They transport energy and are thought to generate turbulent mixing, which contribute to the deep ocean circulation.We generate an internal wave beam that propagates in a continuously stratified fluid with direct numerical simulations. This situation is equivalent to a tidal wave, where the tidal flow oscillates over a topography and generates a wave. Experimental results obtained by cite{Bourget13} are recovered, ie. the beam destabilizes into a small scale mode. We consider the effect of an horizontal mean flow on the instability and lower the forcing frequency in order to compensate for the doppler effect and to keep locally the same wave. A limit case appears when the forcing becomes stationary. This case is equivalent to a lee wave appearing when a stratified fluid flows over a topography.For small mean flow, small scale instabilities develop as in the tidal case. The beam then stabilizes at intermediate mean flows and destabilizes again for increasing flow speed. At this second threshold, down to the lee wave case, the instability is of much larger scale than for the tidal case. Varying the Reynolds number, the Froude number, the wave angle or the beam size doesn't affect the instability scale selection : a small scale instability in the tidal regime, and large scale instability in the lee regime.We show that the instability mechanism may be interpreted using the triadic instability. Scale selection corresponds to different branches of triadic resonance. We confirm the presence of a stability region for intermediate value of the mean advection velocity by computing the linear eigenmode as Floquet mode with an Arnoldi-Krylov technique and show that the leading eigenmode has a negative growth rate.In the lee wave, case the flow is unstable and a selective frequency damping method cite{Akervik06} is used to compute a steady base flow. We then implement a linear direct-adjoint method to compute the optimal perturbations that maximizes the total energy at different time horizons. At short time horizon, the optimal perturbation is small scale while at large time the perturbation switches to a large scale solution and converges to the large scale mode observed through the nonlinear simulations. Short time transients correspond to the small scale triadic instability advected by the flow whereas the long time large scale instability corresponds to large scale branch of the triadic instability that is able to sustain the flow.We propose an interpretation of the selection of these different instabilities in term of absolute and convective instability. In the case of the lee wave, the large scale instability is absolute whereas the small scale instability is convective (and dominates the short time transient growth because it has a larger local growth rate). When the mean flow is varied, the properties of small scale and large scale instabilities exchange: in the tidal case the short scale instability is absolute and the large scale convective. This conjecture is confirmed by computing the impulse response around a plane monochromatic internal gravity wave in an extended two dimensional periodic domain. The spatio temporal evolution of a perturbation localized in space and time points out the formation of three different wave packets corresponding to different branches of triadic instability. Using the triadic theory with finite detuning cite{McEwan77},we derive the group velocity at the maximum growth rate of the three different branches of triadic instability and find a good agreement with the velocity of the three wave paquet maxima in the impulse response. Analyzing the impulse response along rays, i.e. at x/t and z/tconstant, we compute the absolute growth rate along all possible rays and validate our conjecture
Virrion, Anne. "Théorèmes de dualité locale et globale dans la théorie arithmétique des D-modules." Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN1A002.
Full textRibière, Philippe. "Étude de la compaction des milieux granulaires : de l'échelle locale à l'échelle globale." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S109.
Full textDi, Bari Salvatore <1979>. "Dalla regione policentrica ai sistemi urbani. Locale e globale una ricerca di coerenze." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2113/1/dibari_salvatore_tesi.pdf.pdf.
Full textDi, Bari Salvatore <1979>. "Dalla regione policentrica ai sistemi urbani. Locale e globale una ricerca di coerenze." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2113/.
Full textSerena, Elisa <1992>. "Il crowdfunding in Cina tra globale e locale. Traduzione di due articoli economici." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9130.
Full textBentifraouine, Chafaa. "Hydrodynamique globale, locale et transfert de matière dans un réacteur airlift à boucle externe." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT012G.
Full textBOUCHARD, CHARLES. "Sechage d'un vernis polymere : analyse globale du procede industriel et description locale du film." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066775.
Full textKrakowski, Claire-Sara. "L'inhibition, un processus au cœur de la compétition visuo-attentionnelle globale/locale : perspectives développementales." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB206/document.
Full textThe visual world around us is extremely complex and has a great deal of information embedded in various sources that compete for our attentional resources. Our cognitive system must select a limited amount of visual information, which allows one to adapt to the environment. The perceptive saliency of a piece of information automatically biases attentional resources towards it, and this process is often useful and adaptive. Nevertheless, when the advantaged information is not the most pertinent available, additional mental effort is necessary to suppress it and to select the information of interest. The purpose of this thesis is to connect models of attentional selection and inhibition to the global precedence effect. The latter describes the faster processing of the global structure of an object compared to its local constitutive parts as well as the interference from global to local level. This global precedence effect seems to exist in preschoolers, but appears to be sensitive to manipulations of saliency: when the local elements are dense, the global form spontaneously emerges and is prioritized; however, when local elements are sparse, they seem to be processed with priority. The main goal of this thesis is to specify the global/local development by 1) studying the attentional competition between global, intermediate and local hierarchical levels during development and 2) highlighting the central role of inhibitory control when selecting the less salient level. With a visual search task, we demonstrated that in adults the local level is always disadvantaged during the attentional competition for resources compared to more structural, global and intermediate, levels. Although children showed a similar pattern of results, the selection of the local level was impaired in 5- and 6-year-old children who committed more errors than older children and adults. This result indicates there is a lack of inhibition of the global form in preschoolers. With a negative priming paradigm, we validated the idea that adults and 7-year-old children need to inhibit the global hierarchical level (the most salient one) to select the local hierarchical level (the less salient one). However, when using sparse hierarchical figures, this pattern of results was reversed in 7-year-old children but not in adults. A local inhibition, instead of a global inhibition, seems to be necessary in children when processing sparse figures. Regardless of which level is the most salient at each age, the inhibition process appears necessary to suppress the information at the salient and non-pertinent level in order to select the less salient but most relevant information. Taken together, and with regards to models of attentional selection and inhibition and to dynamic theories of development, these results provide new interpretations and perspectives in the study of the global precedence effect in children and adults
Capriotti, Luca <1992>. "Dal globale al locale: il pellegrinaggio medievale in Toscana. Il caso della Via Francigena." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9703/1/PhD_thesis_capriotti.pdf.
Full textStarting from the studies of artistic perception, as well as of visual anthropology and the sacred, the thesis is dedicated to the study of building and sculptural standards repeated in the selected territory. In this context there are also images, objects of worship and internal circuits of religious churches, that organize the physical performances of people. The census of the architec- tural structures establish a parallelism between the religious churches along the Francigena Route and the concept of non-lieu elaborated by Marc Augé. Both create the circulation conditions, are more or less erected according to a standard planimetric shape and relate to the road network by means of a semantic apparatus that produces an effect of recognition, acting as a points of reference for postmodern man as well as for the medieval pilgrim. As noted by Augé: “Non-place paradox: the foreigner lost in a country he does not know finds himself only in the anonymity of highways, gas stations, department stores or hotel chains. The sign of a petrol brand constitutes a reassuring point of reference for him and it is a relief to find health and food products or household items con- secrated by multinational brands on the supermarket shelves."
Eidems, Judith. "La standardisation globale et l'adaptation locale dans la gestion des ressources humaines internationales : une analyse théorique et empirique sur la base de la Dynamic Capabilities Perspectives." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100072.
Full textThe thesis entitled „Global standardisation and local adaptation in the international Human Resource Management – A theoretical and empirical analysis based on the Dynamic Capabilities perspective” focuses on strategic processes within multinational enterprises which cause a adequate balance in international Human Resource Management (HRM). „Stated in terms of a number of questions, strategy process is concerned with the how, who and when of strategy: how is, and should, strategy be made, analyzed, dreamt-up, formulated, implemented, changed and controlled; who is involved; and when do the necessary activities take place?” (De Wit & Meyer, 2004, 5). The relevance of this research subject is a consequence of the advancing globalization of the global economy, in which more and more companies standardise HRM instruments across regions and countries (see for example Wittig-Goetz, 2009; Dowling, Festing & Engle, 2008; Engle & Mendenhall, 2004; CIPD, 2001) and due to a lack of scientific insights about this process dimension (Dickmann & Müller-Camen, 2004; Morris, Snell & Wright, 2006). Dickmann/Müller-Camen (2006, 581) point out that „ […] there is a need to look at communication and coordination processes […] within IHRM. […] the precise international communication and coordination instruments and activities within the international HR function of MNCs are not fully researched, yet”. The thesis tries to find answers to the following questions: • What factors prompt multinationals to standardise their HRM practices and instruments at a global level? • Which causal relationships can be identified within these processes which support the development of an adequate balance between globally standardised and locally adapted HRM? • To what extent can these postulated causal relationships be proven empirically? • What research and practical implications can be generated?In order to answer these research questions the author chose a comprehensive approach. Based on the theoretical assumptions of the Dynamic Capabilities Perspective (Teece, Pisano & Shuen, 1997; Eisenhardt & Martin, 2000) a process model (based on De Wit & Meyer, 2004, S. 5) is developed, which helps explain the content of and the causal relationships within these balancing processes in international HRM. This 4-step-process model as developed by the author is predicated on the central relationships between processes, critical resource bundles and the creation of competitive advantages (see also Barney, 1991; Wernerfelt, 1984)
Bompard, Manuel. "MODÈLES DE SUBSTITUTION POUR L'OPTIMISATION GLOBALE DE FORME EN AÉRODYNAMIQUE ET MÉTHODE LOCALE SANS PARAMÉTRISATION." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771799.
Full textPighi, Elisa <1978>. "Adolescenti, consumi e identità tra globale e locale: una ricerca visuale su giovani dell'Emilia-Romagna." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/234/1/tesi_elisa_pighi_sociologia_XIX_ciclo.pdf.
Full textPighi, Elisa <1978>. "Adolescenti, consumi e identità tra globale e locale: una ricerca visuale su giovani dell'Emilia-Romagna." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/234/.
Full textSmidtas, Serge. "Modélisation et analyse, globale et locale, de réseaux d'interactions biologiques hétérogènes (RIBH) appliqué à la Levure." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607179.
Full textBergounioux, Marie. "Analyse de sensibilité d'un problème paramétré en optimisation : étude globale et locale des variations d'une solution." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10126.
Full textBenkrid, Karima. "Étude globale et locale de l'hydrodynamique des écoulements gaz-liquide dans les réacteurs à lit fixe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL027N.
Full textSmidtas, Serge. "Modélisation et analyse, globale et locale, de réseaux d’interactions biologiques hétérogènes (RIBH) appliqué à la Levure." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EVRY0024.
Full textThis work studies biological in silico networks. It assess the question of integration, formalism and model of biological networks and subnetworks. First, an integration tool called Cyclone was developed to simplify the access and analyse biological information of the Biocyc database. Then, a graph model framework to analyse heterogeneous networks, MIB (for Biological Interaction Model) is presented. Finally, on one hand, these methods were used to study how subnetworks were linked together and to study network motifs in larger networks, and on the other hand, to study and model the metabolic pathway of galactose in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that includes a heterogeneous feedback loop made of protein-protein interaction and transcriptional regulation
Guidault, Pierre-Alain. "Une stratégie de calcul pour les structures fissurées : Analyse locale-globale et approche multiéchelle pour la fissuration." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160509.
Full textMoummi, Abdelhafid. "Etude globale et locale du rôle de la géométrie dans l'optimisation des capteurs solaires plans à air." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/3e717f2f-e09a-4b1a-af50-e618b869f5dc.
Full textDoussin, Nicolas. "Mise en œuvre locale d'une stratégie globale de prévention du risque d'inondation : le cas de la Loire moyenne." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462076.
Full textYoda, Abdoulaye. "Cohérence locale, coordination globale et modèle dyadique : études développementales du raisonnement sériel et catégorique chez l'enfant et l'adulte." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA083737.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to show that compatibility paradigm is different from deductive paradigm, but is not a new one in the area of syllogistic reasoning. Formal reasoning emerging from 11-12 to 15 years old, resolution of compatibility paradigm depends on constructions of the representational systems - analogical vs propositional. Young children will fail to the deductive process in compatibility paradigm but can give a judgement like older ones. The two kinds of mechanisms have to be specified. Because in relational children, deductive process is a serial schematic organisation fact, deductive problem will be facilitated. The genetic hypothesis implies the precision of semantic facts in categorical syllogisms that underly their comprehension. We hypothetize the coordination mechanism, but erroneous responses in compatibility paradigm. Simple judgement methodology is replaced by verbalisation and analysis of relational elimination. 3 experiences are done using linear and categorical syllogisms with 2 conditions in each one. In the first one, subjects resolve deductive items then compatibility one, the second one reverses this order. 80 children (9-10 and 12-13) participated to the first experience with concret objects in linear syllogisms, 80 students to the second one in linear syllogisms but with abstract content, 60 schoolers (15-16 and 19-20) to the third one with categorical syllogisms. As expected, in experience 1, 9-10 years old children rejected the information in compatibility paradigm, coordination mechanisms was the 12-13 years olds' ability. Young children fail to the undecidability items (40 and 63%). The second experience confirms the facility of deduction for specific problems: 97 % in deductive paradigm and 90% in compatibility. Experience 3 showed that 45 % of the 15-16 fail to the coordination process, the older ones composed premises but made a lot of bias. These results reveal methodological bias. An alternative approach (Bideaud and Houdé 1991, Houdé 1995) which focuses on inhibitory control of attention can explain the results. Hence, younger children who rejected premises in compatibility paradigm control in memory one premise only (activation and empirical knowledge) while older ones control 2 (inhibition of empirical knowledge) but fail to inhibit pragmatic knowledge parallely activated
RENEVEY, STEPHANE. "Approches globale et locale de la rupture dans le domaine de transition fragile-ductile d'un acier faiblement allie." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112249.
Full textGodelier, Éric. "De la stratégie locale à la stratégie globale : la formation d'une identité de groupe chez Usinor : 1948-1986." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0015.
Full textHow is an industrial group born? Created in 1948 in order to build the first continuous rolling ill in france, Usinor (Union sidérurgique du nord de la France) has been pulled by the tremendous growth of the flat iron sheet market, itself following the increase of automobile and domestic equipment goods demands. Investment and modernization have been the principals means used to reach technical efficiency. Technical and commercial improvements were essentially concentrated on two renewed plants : Denain (nord) and Montataire (oise). After 1962, dunkerque has been lauched and sin ce has been continuously improved. The others plants, valenciennes (nord), anzin (nord), haumont (nord), louvroil (nord) were also modernized but more slowly. Most of them were producing long size items, like rails. In 1966, Usinor merged with lorraine-escaut. The new company had to face two major problems : to integrate several old plants from lorraine and to learn how to sell long size items on a large scae with completly different commercial technics. However, the managing team decide to preserve the light decentralized organization of the firm. We must wait till the 1970's crisis to see the development of a "staff and line" centralized structure. In the early 1970's, usinor's main competitor , sacilor, has been unable to finish the building of the huge plant of fos-sur-mer in the south east of france. The french government pressed Usinor to join the project and to finish it. Usinor did it, but reluctantly. Usino took that position because, in the same time, the company was finishing the extension of dunkerque plant. These two investments led to a major increase of usinor's indebtness. When the sales fell in the last days of 1974, usinor could no more pay its interst
Galicia, Aguilar Gonzalo. "Etude par spectroscopie d'impédance globale et locale de la corrosion du magnésium et des alliages de magnésium AZ91." Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01378620.
Full textWe have studied the microstructure influence on the corrosion behavior of two kinds of AZ91 magnesium alloy. The same qualitative electrochemical response has been explained taking into account that electrochemical techniques used (chronopotentiometry, voltametry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) involve a global answer of the whole surface metal. To overcome this problem, local electrochemical techniques have been used particularly local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In order to carry out local electrochemical measurements, a home-made probe has been developed in our laboratory. The local electrochemical impedance diagrams and global impedance diagrams obtained for pure magnesium and for AZ91 alloy presented the same shape as a function of electrolyte type, concentration, pH and immersion time. Thus, it was assumed that the magnesium matrix of the magnesium alloys corrodes first. The experimental results obtained with the SECM technique shown that the metallic surface is cover by a partially protector film. From global and local electrochemical results a kinetic model was proposed to explain the corrosion process of magnesium pure and its alloys
Mundheri, Mohammed H. al. "Approches globale et locale de la rupture fragile et ductile d'aciers faiblement alliés (16 MND5) influence de l'irradiation." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599920b.
Full textTOMASSETTI, UMBERTO. "STRATEGIE E STRUMENTI PER LA VALUTAZIONE DELLA VULNERABILITA' SISMICA GLOBALE E LOCALE DI STRUTTURE IN MURATURA NON ARMATA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1244470.
Full textRecent seismic events have provoked an increasing interest in understanding as well as predicting the risk associated with future earthquakes. An initial step in any reliable definition of the seismic vulnerability of a region is understanding properly the structural behaviour of its building stock. While the state of knowledge regarding the behaviour of unreinforced masonry (URM) building typologies commonly encountered in historically seismic prone regions is comparatively advanced; there exists large URM building stocks in several parts of the world composed of structural typologies whose earthquake response is virtually unknown. With increasing cases of induced seismicity, a proper understanding of the seismic behaviour of such structural typologies (also often designed with no particular consideration for lateral loads) has become of paramount importance and can be reliably achieved only by large scale experimental campaigns. In this context, the first part of this dissertation constitutes of multi-scale experimental activities: ranging from characterisation tests to dynamic tests on full scale components and buildings. In particular, incremental dynamic tests were performed on: single leaf and cavity walls in the out-of-plane (OOP) direction, a full scale two-storey cavity wall house and also a one-storey roof sub-structure of the tested house. Such experiments allowed the study of their structural response at both local as well as global scales and at various levels of intensity. In the second part of this dissertation, light computational models capable of capturing the dynamic OOP response of walls, roof substructures, chimneys and parapets were developed. These models were calibrated with the performed dynamic experiments as well as other experimental tests in literature. Innovative aspects of these models include the focus placed on developing and testing various damping models to capture the energy dissipation involved in their rocking response. In the third and final part of the dissertation, emphasis was placed on the potential risk associated with the development of local mechanisms in walls and non-structural components. The numerical models developed in the second part were implemented to evaluate the seismic vulnerability associated with non-structural components especially in an induced seismic activity scenario. Fragility curves are then provided considering different building and non-structural component configurations, including their initial state to be undamaged or already damaged. Guidelines are also provided on the choice of appropriate intensity measures as well as engineering demand parameters to be used. This dissertation in its entirety attempts to take a significant step forward in the development of robust yet light computational models having few but sufficient degree of freedoms capable of assessing simultaneously the performance of URM structures both globally and locally.
Tran, Anh Tuan. "Etude du délaminage en mode II de composites unidirectionnels soumis à des sollicitations rapides : approche globale et approche locale." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00608858.
Full textOuakrim, Youssef. "Classification de sujets asymptomatiques et gonarthrosiques en fonction des données cinématiques comparaison de l'approche globale et de l'approche locale." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/933/1/OUAKRIM_Youssef.pdf.
Full textMundheri, Mohammed H. al. "Approches globale et locale de la rupture fragile et ductile d'aciers faiblement alliés (16 MND 5) : influence de l'irradiation." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112113.
Full textNaderifar, Abbas. "Étude expérimentale locale et globale du transfert de matière liquide/solide à la paroi d'un réacteur à lit fixe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL149N.
Full textMontagne, Christophe. "Apports de la couleur en vision : Application à la localisation locale et globale d'une base mobile d'aide aux handicapés." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EVRY0022.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study and the evaluation of the use of color versus grey levels in digital image processing. In-door mobile robot localization is the application field through a disabled people aid system. An accurate localization includes segment extraction from image: analysis of the segments leads to the evaluation of various color axes and spaces. It includes also pairing of segments from stereoscopic images. Color parameters are proposed: the homogeneity and the inter-colors distance in the vicinity of the segments. Parameters are calculated on a color axis chosen by use of an original color quantization method based on the baker's transformation (BT). The BT permits to reduce the number of colors while keeping the visual aspect of an image. A second localization identifies the place and the orientation of the robot. It is based on a color invariant resulting from the BT which is used to find within a database the image corresponding to the image taken by the system
Sayarh, Hassan. "Contribution de l'analyse de données à l'étude locale et globale de signaux multidimensionnels : application à l'analyse des systèmes homme-machine." Valenciennes, 1991. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/c0dcf461-d0f2-4b88-af6d-7d4630d7befd.
Full textLê, Thi Hoai An. "Analyse numérique des algorithmes de l'optimisation D. C. . Approches locale et globale. Codes et simulations numériques en grande dimension. Applications." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES047.
Full textBerrada, Mohamed. "Une approche variationnelle de l'inversion : de la recherche locale à la recherche globale par carte topologique : application en inversion géoacoustique." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066016.
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