Relevant bibliographies by topics / Global planning policy

Academic literature on the topic 'Global planning policy'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Global planning policy"

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Sapinski, J. P. "Corporate Climate Policy-planning in the Global Polity: A Network Analysis." Critical Sociology 45, no. 4-5 (August 28, 2017): 565–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920517725800.

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Alongside the climate change denial movement, a section of the capitalist class has been organizing to promote a project of “climate capitalism” that relies on carbon markets and other policies compatible with the neoliberal order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Like the denial movement, promoters of climate capitalism have constructed an extensive network of think tanks and policy-planning groups to foster adherence to their climate policy proposals. This article uses social network analysis to map out the reach of these climate and environmental policy groups within the array of interconnected NGOs, inter-governmental organizations, philanthropic foundations, and other organizations that constitute the global polity. This analysis sheds light on the position climate capitalism—understood as a project of a section of the global corporate elite—occupies among international organizations. Overall, I find that climate and environmental policy groups: (1) maintain substantial ties to key organizations of the global polity, and (2) mediate a substantial amount of relations, bridging between central organizations and more peripheral ones, as well as among those located in Europe and North America. I thus argue that a global inter-organizational infrastructure exists that supports climate capitalism, which contributes to its dominant position in climate change politics.
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Hanna, Patricia Lavon. "Gaining global perspective: educational language policy and planning." International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 14, no. 6 (November 2011): 733–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2011.579949.

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Dove, Linda A. "Educational Policy, Planning and Research: a global reassessment." Comparative Education 21, no. 1 (January 1985): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305006850210108.

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Nichols, Geoff. "Global sports policy." Leisure Studies 33, no. 4 (November 12, 2013): 434–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2013.858857.

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Künast, Renate. "Global Responsibility for Agricultural Policy." EuroChoices 2, no. 2 (August 2003): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-692x.2003.tb00045.x.

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Kaplan, Robert B. "Language Policy and Planning: Fundamental Issues." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (March 1994): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002786.

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For much of the 20th century, language policy and planning has been essentially overlooked except as an academic enterprise, being of serious interest largely only to a small coterie of specialists scattered thinly around the world. Still, at present, only a handful of universities in the world offers anything more than a random course in language policy/planning or simply subsumes the entire field in a couple of lectures in the introductory course in sociolinguistics. In the last decade of the 20th century, real-world events have thrust language policy and planning into prominence. The collapse of the former Soviet Union and the powerful resurgence of language loyalties in various Eastern European polities, the rapid economic unification of a multilingual Europe, changing global patterns of immigration, and global economic difficulties have coalesced to create new linguistic conditions and focus attention on long existing linguistic inequities. These conditions have brought into serious question the western notion of an idealized identity between nation and national language. This volume of the Annual Review of Applied Linguistics has attempted to draw together various emerging perspectives on language policy and planning and to examine emerging circumstances in a selected set of illustrative areas:
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Auh, Yoonil, and Heejung Raina Sim. "Global justice and education for global citizenship: considerations for education policy-planning process." Asian Journal of Political Science 26, no. 2 (May 4, 2018): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02185377.2018.1481440.

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O'Neill, Phillip. "Global city-regions: trends, theory, policy." Area 35, no. 3 (September 2003): 326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4762.t01-1-00183.

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Simanjuntak, Risa R. "Bahasa Indonesia: Policy, Implementation, and Planning." Lingua Cultura 3, no. 1 (May 30, 2009): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v3i1.327.

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Language policy or language planning is still in the surge for familiarity and importance. However, this paper argues that in the case of Bahasa Indonesia current implementations should be evaluated based on its relevance and future plan. The historical perspectives will reveal the roots of the current policy and therefore make foundations for further discussions. From the study of literature, this paper is arguing that new paradigm for nationalism, roles in the global competition, as well as regional languages as competitive advantage could be well adopted to nurture a more inclusive and progressive Bahasa Indonesia.
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El-Fadel, M., H. Kalinian, S. Salhab, and D. Jamali. "Policy planning for air quality management: global and local perspectives." Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning 3, no. 3 (September 2001): 211–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jepp.72.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Global planning policy"

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Yao, Weimin. "Winning in high-tech and emerging market : how Motorola's global strategy fits into China's development policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70706.

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Svensson, Vergara Nicole. "Implementing participatory planning in the global South : A case study of Rio de Janeiro." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-275254.

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Urban policies are currently shaped by contemporary processes of globalisation including a market-oriented approach to urban development. In Rio de Janeiro there is currently a high rate of urban population growth causing issues such as inequality, informal settlements and lack of access to basic services. Improved urban management is urgently needed which has become an obstacle to overcome by the GoRJ and the World Bank. Participatory methods has become widely integrated into development promoting programs with the incentive to include various key stakeholders in urban policy making. This case study explores issues of how strategies are produced and implemented into the context of Rio de Janeiro. Furthermore, it aims to explore events caused by such strategies. Based on a taken-for-granted premise that participatory methods and market-oriented planning leads to accelerated development, this study calls for a critical examination of how such approaches are carried out in practice.  In communicative planning theory, there is a critical stance towards rational models used in planning systems. The findings of this paper present how neoliberal ideology has formed urban development in Rio de Janeiro and how it contains a rational rethoric. It furher presents ways of how participatory methods can reinforce oppressions and injustices, serving a top-down approach rather than the opposite.
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Siemon, Noel, University of Western Sydney, and School of Management. "Public policy planning and global technology dependence : strategic factors for a national space-related innovation system." THESIS_XXX_MAN_Siemon_N.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/355.

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Australia's space activities since the early sixties have been science-oriented and uncoordinated. As a result, Australia has been unable to develop a long-term sustainable domestic technological capability; with industry being dependent on government funding for its involvement in the nation's space plan. This thesis examines public policy aspects focussing on technology independence that is the building of competencies for the sustainable development of an industry. It compares national technological development by relating Australia's recent space-related successes and failures to those of other nations (especially selected Asian countries and Israel). The overarching research problem addressed within this thesis examined the Australian national space policy and strategy since 1984.It investigated why the Australian Space Industry Development Strategy was not a successful influence on the development of a long-term sustainable national technological base or on the establishment of a viable commercial space-related industry in Australia. The research included the development of a strategic multilevel planning system involving a network innovation model into a nation's space science and technology policy development. The outcomes of the research reported in the thesis are discussed. The level of technological capability and capacity is a direct, inversely related factor to an increase in the degree in technology dependency. Australia needs a change of philosophy by accepting the global challenge through defining and supporting, within a national strategic planning, a national space strategy that incorporates network innovation concepts: a concept that must involve a balanced supply (science) and demand (commercial) characteristics of an innovation network system.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Management)
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Siemon, Noel. "Public policy planning and global technology dependence : strategic factors for a national space-related innovation system /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031217.163703/index.html.

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Molelle, Helena Khantse. "Global policy discourse and local implementation dynamics : a case study of Lesotho's junior certificate religious and moral education syllabus." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3649.

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Picou, Stephen C. "Louisiana's Water Innovation Cluster: Is it ready for global competition?" ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1887.

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The rapid growth of Louisiana's coastal restoration science and technology assets is paralleled by the growth of business resources to fulfill myriad project needs. Many institutions and organizations in Louisiana seek to further develop the state's research, education, engineering and related restoration assets into a globally competitive set of industries with exportable expertise and products that help the state capitalize on its water challenges. Globally, similar efforts are identified (and often branded) as water technology innovation clusters (or more simply water clusters). This paper explores the phenomenon of the development of water clusters by public-private partnerships and initiatives, nationally and internationally, in a comparative analysis with Louisiana.
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Belkadi, Meryem. "Assessment of Affordability and Desirability of Housing Options in the Context of Cities without Slums Program in Morocco." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554120689190855.

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Zou, Yonghua. "The spatial distribution of subprime/higher-priced mortgages and its relationship with housing price variations within the Philadelphia metropolitan area: global model vs. local model." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/276923.

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Urban Studies
Ph.D.
Over the last decade, the United States had experienced a boom and bust in the subprime mortgage market. The ups and downs of the subprime mortgage market became a primary factor triggering the most severe global economic recession since the Great Depression. The dissertation contributes to the literature by inquiring whether the subprime lending has exacerbated social inequity between subprime neighborhoods and other neighborhoods, through analyzing the subprime mortgage market in the Philadelphia MSA from 2000 through 2010, and focusing on two research questions: (1) the spatial distribution of subprime mortgages across census tracts; (2) the relationship between subprime intensities and housing price variations across zip-code areas. As the dissertation's study area expands from an urban to a MSA, spatial heterogeneity merits attention in this relative huge area. As a result, this dissertation not only employs a global, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model, but also a local, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model to examine spatial variations across different neighborhoods. For the first research question, the dissertation finds: (1) a higher concentration of higher-priced mortgage for purchase and refinance in tracts with higher proportion of African-American and Hispanic residents, lower median household incomes, higher-unemployment rates, lower self-employment rates, and higher capitalization rates, after controlling for other variables; (2) the association between higher-priced mortgages and explanatory variables varies across census tracts. Because the dynamics of neighborhood subprime originations are heterogamous, the association between subprime mortgage origination and socioeconomic characteristics may be stronger in some neighborhoods than other neighborhoods. For the second research question, the dissertation finds: (1) subprime mortgage shares have a significant negative association with housing price appreciations during the housing boom period (2001-2006); (2) subprime mortgage shares have a significant positive association with housing price depreciations during the housing bust period (2006-2010); and (3) the association between housing price variations and explanatory variables differs across geographic submarkets within the Philadelphia region. The result confirms that areas where more residents obtained subprime mortgages have suffered more severely than other from the housing market's ups and downs over the last decade. The empirical results can draw broad policy implications. The primary implication is that it is time for the federal government to rethink its homeownership policy. Increased homeownership levels arising from the expansion of subprime mortgages are not sustainable, and subprime lending has exacerbated social inequity between subprime neighborhoods and other neighborhoods. The second implication is that the government needs to enforce the fair lending laws, because the cluster of subprime mortgage origination reflects the unequal opportunities of prime mortgage accessibility across different neighborhoods. The third implication is that the government needs to promote place-based policy making. As the GWR demonstrates, the dynamics of the mortgage market and housing market are uneven across different neighborhoods. Therefore, place-based making can increase the efficiency of public policy. These implications based on the dissertation's empirical results are helpful for designing more efficient, effective, and sustainable housing policies of the United States.
Temple University--Theses
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Zarate, Simone. "Santo André cidade futuro - esta cidade é show: verso e reverso das políticas culturais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27151/tde-12122011-235346/.

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Trata-se da relação das políticas públicas de cultura com um modelo de intervenção urbana, denominado planejamento estratégico de cidades globais, a partir de análise comparativa entre as políticas culturais de duas gestões do Partido dos Trabalhadores na cidade de Santo André-SP (1989-1992/1997-2000). Enquanto na primeira gestão a política cultural possibilitava a apropriação da informação através de uma rede de fluxos formada a partir dos programas implantados em toda a cidade, a prática da segunda gestão foi marcada nos bairros pela difusão de eventos que reproduziam manifestações já em circulação nos meios massivos de comunicação, e na área central pela difusão de manifestações alternativas. Ao mesmo tempo, a segunda gestão do PT em Santo André aderiu ao planejamento estratégico de cidades globais que faz uso de ações culturais para promover a cidade interna e externamente. A análise foi realizada a partir de documentos, legislação, materiais publicitários, matérias de jornais e revistas, entrevistas, depoimentos, programas, projetos e ações, considerando a heterogeneidade e a fragmentação das cidades e foi permeada por fatores relevantes para a teoria Multiple Streams de formação de agenda governamental e pelas dimensões de abrangência das políticas culturais.
This research is about the relationship between the public culture policies and a model of urban intervention (which is nominated strategic planning for global cities) from the comparative analysis of the cultural policies of two government of the Labors Party in Santo Andre city Sao Paulo Brazil (1989-1992/1997-2000). While the political culture in the first government made possible the knowledge appropriation through a network built in cultural programs settled at all corners of the city, in the second government the adopted practice focused the periferic areas through the diffusion of mass culture events and the central areas by the presentations of alternative manifestations. At the same time, the second government of the Labors Party in Santo Andre joined to the strategic planning of the global cities that makes use of cultural actions to city promotion, internal and externally. The analysis was made considering documents, legislation, publicity, newspaper and magazines articles, interviews, testimonies, programs, projects and actions, taking into consideration the heterogeneity and the fragmentation of the cities. The analysis also was crossed by relevant items for the theory of Multiple Streams (agenda-setting) and by the dimensions of the approach of cultural policies.
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Mosher, Danika L., T. Andrew Joyner, and Ingrid Luffman. "Analyzing Winter Weather and Climate Trends of the Ski Resorts in North Carolina Through the Use of Community Collaborative Rain, Hail & Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) Stations." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/30.

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Changes in climate result in wide-ranging economic impacts, especially for businesses that rely on consistent weather patterns. The North Carolina ski resorts (Beech Mountain Ski Resort, Appalachian Ski Resort, Sugar Mountain Ski Resort, Wolf Ridge Ski Resort, Cataloochee Ski Area, and Sapphire Valley Ski Area) are the southernmost resorts on the east coast in the US. They are able to stay in business because of the diverse terrain and elevation of the Appalachian Mountains where they can see low record temperatures of -34°F. Observable increases in temperature and less snowfall accumulations generate concern for these businesses that rely not only on snow but temperatures low enough to produce their own snow. To understand what may happen in the future, it is pertinent to examine past and ongoing trends. Yearly snowfall data from fall 2010 to spring 2018 were obtained from the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail & Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) and interpolated using ordinary kriging. Teleconnections (Arctic Oscillation, El Niño Southern Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation) were examined to help compare similar years to observe possible relationships. The stations that had data for all of the years observed were spatially analyzed through regression kriging (RK) to determine how climate change will affect those areas. A kernel density map was then created from active CoCoRaHS stations to observe which areas need more stations to generate better interpolation data for future years. The results are impactful for the ski resorts, helping them to make effective business decisions based on climate trends and to promote the use of citizen science to improve research efforts.
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Books on the topic "Global planning policy"

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Planning the global family. Washington, D.C: Worldwatch Institute, 1987.

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1934-, Nagel Stuart S., ed. Handbook of global political policy. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2000.

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Cultural autonomy in global communications: Planning national information policy. London: Centre for the Study of Communication and Culture, 1988.

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1941-, Hunger J. David, ed. Strategic management and business policy: Toward global sustainability. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2012.

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Towards urban cyberspace planning: Grounding the global through urban telematics policy and planning. Newcastle upon Tyne: University of Newcastle upon Tyne,Department of Town and Country Planning, 1996.

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1941-, Hunger J. David, ed. Concepts in strategic management and business policy: Toward global sustainability. Upper Saddle, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2012.

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United Nations Human Settlements Programme. Global urban indicators database: Version 2. Nairobi: UN Human Settlements Programme, UN-Habitat, 2002.

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1963-, Turull Albert, ed. Diversitat i política lingüística en un món global. Barcelona: Pòrtic, 2003.

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Mobile urbanism: Cities and policymaking in the global age. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2011.

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Financial markets in recovery: Tax and regulatory policy, planning, compliance. Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Global planning policy"

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Igarashi, Yasufumi, Toshiyuki Kaneda, and Yoshinobu Kumata. "Municipal Planning Room for Policy Exercises." In Global Interdependence, 238–45. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68189-2_29.

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Moseki, Chris, Toriso Tlou, and Cornelius Ruiters. "National Water Security: Planning and Implementation." In Global Issues in Water Policy, 165–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9367-7_8.

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Okuda, Tomoyo. "Policy Borrowing in University Language Planning." In Global Perspectives on Language Education Policies, 73–83. New York ; London : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Global Research on Teaching and Learning English Series: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315108421-6.

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Ferreira, Marco Aurélio Marques. "Planning, Brazil." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3769-1.

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Rosenfeld, Arthur H. "Policy: Integrated Resource Planning to Optimize Energy Services." In Global Energy Demand in Transition, 251. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1048-6_23.

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Kim, Hyejin. "Economic Planning, Education Policy, and International Schools." In How Global Capital is Remaking International Education, 57–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9672-5_5.

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Mejía-Guinand, Luis Bernardo. "Planning Organizations, Latin America." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 4610–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_3163.

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Atkinson, Christopher L. "Planning for Public Procurement." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_1562-1.

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Mejía-Guinand, Luis Bernardo. "Planning Organizations, Latin America." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3163-1.

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Bassi, Nitin, Yusuf Kabir, and Anand Ghodke. "Planning of Rural Water Supply Systems: Role of Climatic Factors and Other Considerations." In Global Issues in Water Policy, 161–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59459-6_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Global planning policy"

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Cedroni, Anna Rita. "Building the global democracy from urban planning policy to populism in architecture." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8153.

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It is possible to claim that there is an analogy, in terms of management and programming, between the modality of execution in political contents and the formalities of the application of architectural models, or more precisely in the methods of carrying out such proposals. The choice and the management of planning strategies go along with the choice of political strategies. The changes occurring in the politics and democracy can be also found in urban planning politics and involve mainly the public space and the design for the related public buildings. The emptying of social content in most constitutional democracies, together with the spreading of populist “politics” are phenomena that emerge in the architecture of public buildings and in the way in which the architecture relates to the urban form of their surroundings. Deprived of their contents, (which are related to their functions), public spaces and public building become non-ruled yet “objectified” spaces targeted for a collective use. The first analysis, which comes out of my background, led me to look at urban planning in Europe, starting from Italy and keeping the focus on the politics of public spaces and on the ways in which their conception, design and relationship to the city, shape the collective social values, attitudes and demands. These cases provide some opportunities for a reflection about governance and planning, focussing on the relationship between Democracy and Architecture.
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Geambazu, Serin. ""Yeni Instanbul": the expansion of a global city." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mwhr1573.

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The spread of neo-liberal political and economic ideology and the proliferation of global capital have created new opportunities and challenges for cities everywhere (Sassen 2012). Within the urban planning discourse, it is generally assumed that globalization leads to the same type of transformations and urban development trends everywhere in the world. However, it cannot create a certain prototype for spatial development or a new spatial order for cities. Rather, it gives a variety of spatial patterns, also called "global urban forms". Recently, these forms have identified themselves spatially within a series of "mega-projects", their intensity being felt in today's global cities, North-American and West-European, but with a domino effect, especially in the cities situated at the periphery of these capitalist economies. Total global megaproject spending is assessed at USD 6-9 trillion annually, or 8 percent of total global GDP, which denotes the biggest investment boom in human history. Never has systematic and valid knowledge about mega projects therefore been more important to inform policy, practice, and public debate in this highly costly area of business and government. It is argued that the conventional way of managing mega projects has reached a "tension point," where tradition is challenged and reform is emerging (Flyvbjerg, 2011). These kind of projects often take place within fragmented and entrepreneurial forms of governance (Harvey 1989; Healey 1997; Gordon 1997a, 1997b; Feldman 1999; Feinstein 2001; Granath 2005; Butler 2007) represented by public-private partnerships, in a societal environment of increased capital mobility and inter-urban competition (Malone 1996). Hence, it is argued, that mega projects have been examples of new governance styles and policy targets, but also object of intensive local planning debates and conflicts based on different actors (authorities, planners, residents, environmental groups, developers, etc.) holding an equal number of views (Hoyle, 2002) which are often difficult to reconcile. Strongly linked to the 2023 Vision of Turkey, the 3rd airport, Istanbul Airport is one of the mega projects that will bring Turkey among top 10 economically powerful countries. Istanbul Airport distinguishes itself from a myriad of other build-operate-transfer projects by its governance dynamics and planning process. The study employs discourse analysis through which extracts lesson from the decision-making process that will inform planners in Istanbul and beyond.
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Wang, Yiming, and Jie Chen. "Waterfront yrban regeneration in post-industrial Shanghai: plublicness and policy suggestions for making more inclusive public spaces." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/pqyj9446.

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Waterfront areas in the city were occupied by industrial factories and freight ports in industrial age because of their convenience for transporting materials and resources by waterway. In the post-industrial era, as the role of the city gradually shifts from the ‘production centre’ to ‘consumption centre’, redeveloping waterfront industrial areas has become a global trend. In China, the city of Shanghai begins to redevelop its waterfront industrial areas since 2002. A main goal of the redevelopment in Shanghai is to ‘return the river to the public’, namely to open up the enclosed industrial compounds and transform industrial sites in the waterfront areas to public spaces. Focusing on the waterfront redevelopment and regeneration in Shanghai, this paper quantitatively assesses the publicness and quality of the newly created public spaces in three selected waterfront areas in the city. Drawing on the results of the empirical assessments, the paper argues that Shanghai has not achieved its goal of returning the river to the public yet. In response, the paper proposes some suggestions for policy-making aiming at improving the publicness and inclusiveness of public spaces in post-industrial redevelopment areas in Shanghai and other cities in the global south.
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Setiawan, B., and Sita Rahmani. "Global-Local Dynamics in Urbanization: The transformation of the desa-kota in Bali and the roles of adat institutions." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/jhgm8894.

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For so long, urban studies in developing regions such as Indonesia has been trapped into a single view of global value and capital as the main, powerfull forces of the process. The result is therefore, a global, universal form or urbanization and the production of urban spaces. The fact that cities each have different histories, heritage, and resources show that there are local variations in response to global-economic pressures.With a case study of the transformation of the desa-kota in Bali, Indonesia, this paper shows and argues that in the dynamics process of urbanization, local actors and forces have play a significant roles in the production of urban spaces. Further, it argues that the existing centralized-Indonesia ‘formal/legal’ urban policy and planning system does not fit with the existing dynamics of local-cultural variations of urbanization – the roles of adat institutions and nomrs are significant and therefore should be supported and facilitated.
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Wu, Ye, Tingting Yu, and Hong Leng. "Integrating the landscape vulnerability into developing rural places: a framework for rural landscape vulnerability evaluation from human-natural perspective." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/tanf6339.

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According to the formation of urban-rural structure in the process of global urbanization, rural area plays an important role in supporting the healthy, liveable environment in cities and villages. With the dual pressure of ecological environment change and rapid urbanization, the rural landscape has obvious problems, resulting in the degradation or even disappearance of rural landscape, and assimilation of rural civilization. In order to identify the rural landscape problems and reveal its formation mechanism, this paper proposes a specific framework to analyze the vulnerability indicators of rural landscape, to reflect the vulnerability of rural human-natural systems and explore the driving factors, and to propose corresponding planning strategies to cope with the vulnerability and shaping liveable places. The study focuses on the typical villages in representative county, located in Heilongjiang, China. Based on the vulnerability components of exposure, sensitivity and adaptation, we construct the evaluation index of rural landscape vulnerability, and use the comprehensive index method to calculate the vulnerability threshold of 12 typical villages, exploring the driving factors combining Factor Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. Further, the framework will propose a way to communicate with practitioners and policy makers on reducing or coping with landscape vulnerability. It can thus serve as a tool for targeting the implementation of policies and practices aimed at improving the liveable rural settlements environment in villages.
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Giro, Felipe, Jose Mishael, Pablo G. Morato, and Philippe Rigo. "Inspection and Maintenance Planning for Offshore Wind Support Structures: Modelling Reliability and Inspection Costs at the System Level." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-78269.

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Abstract In the context of achieving a decarbonized economy, wind farms installed farther offshore provide the opportunity of harnessing more stable wind energy. Exposed to the combined cyclic loading of wind and waves, offshore wind substructures withstand, however, harsh fatigue and corrosion deterioration mechanisms throughout their operational life. In this scenario, Inspection and Maintenance (I&M) planning methods enable efficient control of structural failure risks by timely allocating inspection and maintenance interventions. In this work, we discuss the benefits of approaching I&M planning at the system level, thus determining strategies that are influenced by system risk metrics. To support the discussion, I&M policies are identified for an offshore wind support structure composed of 12 fatigue hotspots located at three weld connections and exposed to varying corrosion-fatigue deterioration intensities. Within the numerical experiments, the heuristics-based policy search is conducted both at component and system levels, exploring various structural redundancy settings. The results demonstrate that a systematic treatment of structural reliability can only be achieved by modelling the entire structural system, assigning and considering global failure risk metrics during the policy search. Independently of the investigated structural reliability model, system-based I&M policies outperform component-based strategies.
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Lubega, William, and Amro M. Farid. "An Engineering Systems Sensitivity Analysis Model for Holistic Energy-Water Nexus Planning." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32076.

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The energy-water nexus is an area of increasing global concern and research. In several existing publications on the subject, the challenges of water use for power plant cooling and energy use for water supply are handled seperately. There is however also a need to consider the totality of interactions between the different elements of the engineered water and electricity systems, thus creating a system-of-systems model. A model of this form integrates water use for electricity supply and electricity use for water supply into a single framework, thus elucidating a wide range of interactions which can be influenced by policy and management decisions to achieve desired objectives. An engineering model capturing these interactions and based on first-pass models of the underlying physics of the various coupling and boundary points has been developed in previous work. In this work, the Jacobian of the resulting system of equations has been determined for a particular illustrative case. This Jacobian enables a sensitivity analysis of the inputs and outputs of this system-of-systems to changes in water and electricity demand to be carried out. As a concrete example, the Jacobian is used to examine the effect of a 10 % growth in both electricity and water demand on the set of system inputs and outputs.
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Agrawal, Mahak. "A dream of open defecation free India? Decolonize and innovative urban sanitation to reach those left behind." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/nhny2991.

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India, a country now known as one of the world’s fastest-growing economy, continues to be inhabited by 40 per cent of the global population of open defecators. Nearly 536 million people in India defecate in the open every day. To rectify this multifaceted issue, Government of India launched the Clean India Mission, famously known as the Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan, in 2014. Sanitation became a national political priority for the first time in India. The Mission renewed a hope to address a myriad of issues associated with open defecation. But this hope has only been fulfilled partially in the past five years. The paper highlights the issue of open defecation with a case of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD), finding answers to one question: what is the role of an urban planner in liberating Indian cities, especially Delhi, from sanitation deprivation and open defecation. National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi is identified as the case area for the project for two prime reasons: one, the extent of sanitation deprivation in the city; and second, the administrative capital of India often forms a precedent for the rest of the nation. The paper is structured into three broad sections: first, the extent of sanitation deprivation in urban India and analysis of policies- planning and non-planning, formulated in response to the issue, is highlighted. Second, the extent of the issue is investigated for the case of Delhi in context of policy frameworks; third, urban narratives of sanitation deprivation captured across select six clusters of jhuggi jhompri1 in the National Capital Territory are highlighted to exhibit differences in access and use of sanitation facilities, in context of the pan-India Clean India Mission. The paper concludes at a note of hope- envisioning a city and a country where no one is deprived of their basic human right to improved sanitation, or has to defecate in the open, and also details out implementable strategies and policies for Delhi and urban India.
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Chanden, Mysore Chandrashekar, J. S. Aadithyaa, P. S. Prakash, and Haridas Bharath. "Machine learning for building extraction and integration of particle swarm optimization with sleuth for urban growth pattern visualization for liveable cities." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/pukd9844.

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Rapidly increasing population and migration from rural areas to nearby urban agglomerations develop tremendous pressure on system of the existing cities without compromising socioeconomic and cultural linkages. Policy interventions, both at global and local scale, have created newer avenues for the researchers to explore real-time solutions for problems world-wide. For instance, the outcome of 2015 United Nations agenda for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the year 2030 primarily focuses on urbanization issues and probabilistic modelling of future scenarios to obtain a robust alternative for resource utilization and further for maximizing sustainability through land use pattern analysis. This is the clear indication toward the very important role of “ever dormant” urban planning, especially in the case of a rapidly developing country such as India. Remote sensing and geo informatics along with Machine learning can provide extremely relevant information about the pattern change in cities and as input to visualize the future growth pockets. In this context, potential of cellular automata (CA) in urban modelling has been explored by various researchers across the globe. In the recent past, models have been drawing majority of the attention along with geographic CA processes about urban growth and urban sprawl studies. Most recent approaches include optimization of transition rules based on machine learning techniques and evolutionary algorithms that follow nature-inspired mechanism such as Genetic Algorithm, Ant colony optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), simulated annealing, Grey Wolf optimizer etc. Irrespective of any modelling technique, model calibration remains one of the challenging and most crucial steps towards obtaining realistic results. This research communication tries to demonstrate a novel idea of integrating PSO with SLEUTH post calibration of the spatial-temporal footprint of urban growth from the year 1990 to 2017 for Kolkata, a historical megacity of Eastern India. Results were evaluated and validated using statistical fit measuresreveals PSO-SLEUTH performed substantially better compared to traditional Brute Force calibration method (BFM). Another significant development was in terms of computation time of optimized values from days (BFM) to hours (PSO). The study identifies Kolkata region to be sensitive to spread and road gravity coefficients during calibration procedure. Results indicate growth along the transport corridors with multiple agents fuelling the growth. Further, with the aid of high spatial resolution data, buildings were extracted to understand the growth parameters incorporating neural networks. Using the results, renewable energy aspects were explored to harness and provide a suitable local solution for energy issues in energy gobbling cities. Pattern of landscape change, development of better process of modeling and extraction of building from machine learning techniques for planning smart cities with self-sustaining energy is presented in this research work.
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Nwankwo, Okechukwu K., Jennifer S. Muku, Oladipo G. Ogunbona, Chidi B. Ike, Mutiu K. Amosa Dr., and Ebipador Ogionwo. "The Implementation of Offshore Safety Program OSP in Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry- A Performance Assessment." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207121-ms.

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Abstract The Offshore Safety Permit (OSP) Program is the Personnel Accountability System, being utilized by the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Regulator, in line with global best practices to manage the details of over 40,000 oil workers registered to work on offshore and swamp facilities and track their movements to-and-fro such facilities. The Program was introduced in 2012 to standardize requirement for personnel travel to offshore and swamp locations and to eliminate issues such as: non-compliance with mandatory competency and safety training; non-compliance with medical fitness to work requirement; unauthorized extended stay on facilities at offshore/remote location; inaccurate documentation of personnel movement to-and-fro facilities at offshore/remote location leading to delayed/wrong incident reporting. This paper examines, through the review of the OSP policy, Guidelines and database, the value addition of the program since its inception., detailed and insightful discussions are made on the importance and potentials of the OSP program as a simple but integral policy and planning tool in managing risks, enhancing collaboration and improving safety and emergency services in Nigeria's oil and gas industry.
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Reports on the topic "Global planning policy"

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González-Cabán, Armando. Proceedings of the second international symposium on fire economics, planning, and policy: a global view. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-208.

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Luomi, Mari, Fatih Yilmaz, Thamir Alshehri, and Nicholas Howarth. The Circular Carbon Economy Index – Methodological Approach and Conceptual Framework. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-mp01.

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The circular carbon economy (CCE) approach, developed during Saudi Arabia’s G20 Presidency and endorsed by G20 leaders and energy ministers, can be used as a framework for holistic assessments of all available energy and emission management technologies within the confines of a global carbon budget. KAPSARC’s Circular Carbon Economy Index project, launched in 2021, will develop a composite indicator (index) that measures and tracks country performance and potential on various dimensions of the CCE to support related policy discussions and planning
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Sohane, Nidhi, Ruchika Lall, Ashwatha Chandran, Rasha Hasan Lala, Namrata Kapoor, and Harshal Deepak Gajjar. Home as Workplace: A Spatial Reading of Work-Homes. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/hwsrwh10.2021.

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When home serves as workplace, the interface of domestic and productive spheres has spatial and social effects on various users of the space, scaling at times to the neighbourhood and the city. This study looks at all the ways in which home aids work — spatially and infrastructurally — and illustrates the role of various factors and actors in engaging with and shaping the work-home boundary. Work-homes in the Global South often engage transversally with formal planning. Users of work-homes exercise their agency in complex ways to maneuver the work-home boundary, often making post-facto modifications to the work-home. The study collates a repository of spatial and temporal innovation strategies devised by users to balance domestic and productive spheres in their homes, as a site to derive lessons for planning, housing policy and architecture. It investigates the role of the state in spatially enabling or limiting work-homes, and using the Indian context as an illustrative example, suggests enabling frameworks in planning that address the spatial particularities of work-homes
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Collyer, Michael, Dolf te Lintelo, Thabani Mutambasere, and Tahir Zaman. Moving Targets: Social Protection as a Link Between Humanitarianism, Development and Displacement. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.017.

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Despite the widespread concern with social protection in the field of development, it has had little impact on displacement until very recently. UNHCR has had a Social Protection Unit since 2009, but social protection is barely mentioned in either the Global Compact on Refugees or the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, both agreed in 2018. The period since 2018 has seen a growth of research interest and new policy development. This represents the latest appearance of the humanitarian-development nexus in the field of displacement. This nexus is a long-standing one and is inherent in the term ‘durable solution’ as the only effective end of displacement. Unfortunately, there are few recognised successes, and durable solutions are enjoyed by only a tiny proportion of the growing number of displaced people in the world today. This makes renewed attention to the humanitarian-development nexus all the more urgent. In this paper we review the relationship between a humanitarian response to initial displacement and longer-term development planning, as well as the recent range of research and policy responses in this field. These demonstrate significant potential of social protection. We go on to consider six areas of developing theorisation in order to inform what would constitute success in the expanding inclusion of displaced people in social protection programmes or systems. We conclude with four suggestions where further research in this area can help to determine how and if the potential for social protection to offer more sustainable responses to displacement is being realised.
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Kemoklidze, Nino. The Humanitarian Coordination Architecture: Towards a New Hybrid Approach? Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.061.

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Humanitarian coordination as an area of scholarly research has grown exponentially over the past decade and can be considered “a well-established and mature topic” now (Jahre and Jensen, 2021, 586).The global humanitarian coordination architecture seems to have more backing in terms of resources and support as well as knowledge and experience, than ever before. Despite this, on the ground, the humanitarian relief system continues to face challenges in the increasingly difficult operating environments whether it is protracted conflicts or other emergency situations causing mass displacement of populations (Healy and Tiller, 2014, p.4). This rapid review explores the following questions: how (if at all), has the current system adapted to these highly restricted operating environments? More specifically, is the current cluster system still relevant in such cases or can it be adapted for better use? And is there evidence to support that area-based approaches might be better suited to conduct adequate humanitarian coordination and planning? The evidence gathered in this report is based on a mixture of academic, policy, and practitioner-based literature.
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Grimes, Kathryn E. L., Adam J. Walter, Amanda A. Honeycutt, Cristina Bisson, and Jennifer B. Griffin. Reach Health Assessing Cost-Effectiveness for Family Planning (RACE-FP) Methodology Report: Estimating the Impact of Family Planning Interventions in the Philippines. RTI Press, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.op.0072.2205.

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In the Philippines, demand for family planning (FP) is high, and the government is committed to helping the population achieve universal access to quality FP information and services. Reach Health Assessing Cost-Effectiveness for Family Planning (RACE-FP) is a decision support tool designed to estimate the impact FP interventions have on averting unintended pregnancies and on downstream maternal and neonatal health (MNH) outcomes. This report provides technical details of the RACE-FP model. RACE-FP is organized by objectives: improve postpartum FP, improve public sector and private sector provision of FP, improve demand for FP, reduce contraceptive stockouts, and introduce a modern contraceptive method. Although other models have been developed to estimate the impact of contraceptive use on averting unintended pregnancy at the national level for the Philippines, RACE-FP is the only model to provide estimates at national and regional levels, include intervention and commodity costs, disaggregate outcomes by age group and setting (public, private, community), and estimate the broader impact of modern contraceptive prevalence on MNH outcomes. RACE-FP can be an important resource to determine the relative benefit of FP interventions in the Philippines and could support policy decisions globally.
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Khan, Mahreen. Public Financial Management and Transitioning out of Aid. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.145.

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This rapid review found an absence of literature focused specifically on measuring the impact of PFM and governance systems in countries that have transitioned from aid, by moving up the income ladder. However, there are a few academic publications and a limited number of studies by multilateral, such as the World Bank, that examine the role of PFM and governance systems in countries that are transitioning or have moved away from aid. However, the importance of public financial management (PFM) and governance systems in development is well established and seen as a pre-requisite for economic growth. To effectively transition from aid, most low-income countries (LICs) need to upgrade their PFM and governance systems to meet the different scale, resources, accountability mechanisms, and capacity-building requirements of a middle-income country (MIC). The absence of the above empirical evidence may be due to the complexity of measuring the impact of PFM reforms as the results are non-linear, difficult to isolate from other policies to establish causality, and manifest in a longer time frame. However, through comparative country studies, the consequences of deficient PFM and governance have been well documented. So impaired budgetary planning, implementation, and reporting, limited fiscal transparency, weak accountability mechanisms, resource leakage, and inefficient service delivery are well recognised as detrimental to economic growth and development. The literature on transitioning countries focuses predominantly on the impact of aid withdrawal on the social sector, where comparative qualitative data is easier to obtain and the effects are usually more immediate, visible, and may even extend to global health outcomes, such as in AIDS prevention programmes. Thus, tracking the progress of donor-assisted social sector programmes is relatively easier than for PFM and governance reforms. The literature is more abundant on the overall lessons of transitions from aid both for country governments and donors. The key lessons underscore the importance of PFM and governance systems and mechanisms to a successful transition up the income ladder: Planning for transition should be strategic, detailed and specifically geared to mitigate against risks, explicitly assessing the best mix of finance options to mitigate the impact of aid reduction/withdrawal on national budgets. The plan must be led by a working group or ministry and have timelines and milestones; Where PFM and governance is weak transition preparation should include strengthening PFM especially economic and fiscal legislation, administration, and implementation; Stakeholders such as donor partners (DPs) and NGOs should participate in the planning process with clear, open, and ongoing communication channels; Political and economic assessments in the planning and mid-term phases as well as long-term monitoring and evaluation should be instituted; Build financial, technical, and management capacity throughout the plan implementation This helpdesk report draws on academic, policy, and grey sources from the previous seven years rather than the usual K4D five-year window, to account for the two-year disruption of COVID-19. As cross-country studies on PFM and governance are scarce, a few older studies are also referenced to ensure a comprehensive response to the query. The report focuses on low-income countries transitioning from aid due to a change in status to lower-middle-income countries.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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