Journal articles on the topic 'Global market choice'
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Sugarman, Philip, and Andrew Kakabadse. "Governance, choice and the global market for mental health." International Psychiatry 8, no. 3 (August 2011): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600002538.
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Soucek, Victor. "Educating in Global Times: choice, charter and the market." Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 20, no. 2 (August 1999): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0159630990200203.
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Royston, M. Claire. "Governance, choice and the global market for mental health." International Psychiatry 9, no. 1 (February 2012): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600002988.
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Aggarwal, Vinod K. "Corporate Market and Nonmarket Strategies in Asia: A Conceptual Framework." Business and Politics 3, no. 2 (August 2001): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1020.
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Despite recent currency crises, most of the Asia-Pacific economies continue to be among the most attractive markets in the world and now appear to be recovering rapidly. An important element in understanding the dynamics of firm strategies in Asia is the nature of nonmarket strategies, which concern efforts to respond to and influence the political-economic-social environment. To examine such nonmarket strategies and how they fit with other firm tasks, this article first focuses on “positional analysis”—that is, how market forces, firm competencies, and the nonmarket environment influence the choice of trade, investment, or some mix, at the national, regional, or global level. It then considers the nature of “strategic analysis,” consisting of a firm's choices of market arena, a transaction cost analysis of organization forms for market penetration, and a distributive politics analysis of nonmarket issues. These factors combine to influence the firm's integrated strategic choice. Implementation of this choice is based on “tactical analysis” that focuses on the market, organizational, and nonmarket tactics that firms must pursue to succeed with their chosen strategy.
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Shook, Steven R., Jorge A. Soria, and Darek J. Nalle. "Examination of North American softwood lumber species substitution using discrete choice preferences and disaggregated end-use markets." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 12 (December 2007): 2521–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-091.
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Over the past 20 years, four significant and contentious softwood lumber trade disputes have taken place between the United States and Canada. The US International Trade Commission (USITC), relying on aggregate market assessments using elasticity of demand estimation and cointegration methods, has ruled that all North American softwood lumber species are perfectly fungible. The objective of this study is to disaggregate the US softwood lumber market by estimating cross-price elasticity of demand for North American softwood lumber species and species groups in three major end-use markets (floor framing, roof framing, and wall framing products) using a discrete choice preference model. Specifically, this study utilizes a choice-based conjoint model to estimate species and species group preferences, market shares, and price-demand relationships for North American softwood lumber. Research results are compared with published aggregate market cross-price elasticity of demand estimates, such as those relied upon by USITC, to determine whether North American softwood lumber species and species groups are perfectly fungible in the three largest softwood lumber end-use markets. Results demonstrate that distinct differences exist in the substitutability between North American species and species groups of softwood lumber. The results provide notable implications in future USITC trade analyses of the US–Canadian softwood lumber trade issue.
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Джамалдинова, Марина, and Marina Dzhamaldinova. "FORMING AN ORGANIZATION STRATEGY WHEN ENTERING THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET." Russian Journal of Management 7, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5d4846bdadffe1.53773454.
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In the article, on the basis of the study of competitive paradigms of international marketing strategies, the algorithm of formation of the strategy of the organization when entering the international market, including the study of the global marketing environment, assessing the feasibility of entering the international market, the choice and study of the target market, the study of alternative strategies, the choice of business strategy, the development and implementation of international marketing programs. The developed algorithm is innovative in modern conditions, as it allows to take into account the individual and specific features of foreign markets of goods and services, and allows you to create a competitive strategy of the organization, aimed at improving the efficiency of the organization.
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Winecoff, William Kindred. "Global finance as a politicized habitat." Business and Politics 19, no. 2 (June 2017): 267–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2017.7.
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AbstractPredominant models of financial regulation based on representative agents—in both the public interest and public choice traditions—assume that competitive pressures in financial markets undermine prudential behavior by firms in the absence of regulation. One empirical expectation of these models is behavioral: firms should adjust their risk-taking behaviors in response to the regulatory environment they face but should not over-comply with regulations. That is, the central tendency of bank behaviors should hew closely to regulatory minima and the variance should be small. I first demonstrate that this expectation is not borne out by the empirical record and then advance a theoretical argument that does not rely on a representative agent model. I argue that firms face a range of incentives from markets and governments that condition their risk-taking behaviors, and firms choose a “preferred habitat” within a market structure. Some of these incentives are towards greater risk-taking, while others are in the direction of greater prudence. This framework provides opportunities for examining financial market actors in a realistic context, and offers ways to unify micro-level and structural analyses of the political economy of global finance.
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Pian, Feng, Lili Xu, Yuyan Chen, and Sang-Ho Lee. "Global Emission Taxes and Port Privatization Policies under International Competition." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 6595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166595.
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This study considers two asymmetric ports under international competition in which each country has a hub port and a private manufacturer and investigates strategic interactions between port privatization and emission tax policies. We emphasize the key role of the relative market size between the two countries and show that in a privatization choice game, port privatization is a dominant strategy in a larger country, but it will be chosen by a smaller country only if its relative market size is not so small. We also show that the coordination of global emission taxes before privatization choices can induce the equilibrium of the game to be globally optimal when the emission tax is relatively high. This finding provides an important policy implication on the climate change that coordinated global environmental policy is imperatively required in the port privatization policy.
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Contractor, Farok J., and Sumit K. Kundu. "Franchising versus Company-Run Operations: Modal Choice in the Global Hotel Sector." Journal of International Marketing 6, no. 2 (June 1998): 28–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9800600207.
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Franchising is already an important component of global strategy in many service sectors such as hotels. This article asks, “Given a choice between a company-run and a franchised operation, what factors will tip the strategic selection toward franchising, for a particular hotel property?” The modal choice is influenced by both the environment or conditions in the market in which the hotel property is located— as well as the characteristics and strategy of the global hotel firm that is to decide whether to franchise, or run the property themselves. The propensity to franchise is shown to reflect a mix of factors, including: level of development of the intended foreign market; the extent of globalization and international experience of the firm; and strategic factors such as the degree of investment in its global reservations system and brand, as well as the size of its overall operations.
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Otmakhova, Yu S., and N. M. Ibragimov. "Agent-Based Modeling of Global Agro-Food Market." World of Economics and Management 19, no. 4 (2019): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2019-19-4-104-113.
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With the turbulence in global trade and the necessity to develop non-commodity exports in Russia, the choice of an effective strategy for exporters’ conduct in the food market is becoming vitally important these days. Agent-based models simulating the behavior of decentralized self-learning agents with their own goals and capabilities can be used as the tools for analyzing and predicting market movements. The paper presents the results of the agent-based approach to market modeling by the example of barley, which is one of the top commodity items of the Russian food exports on the basis of FAOSTAT and Rosstat data for the period 1997–2017. As a result of the study, an agent-based model of the world barley market was built, and a series of calculated experiments was carried out in the AnyLogic development environment with the changes in such factors as the level of global demand, the amount of customs duties, the exporting companies’ funds in order to determine the strategic conduct of the exporting agents taking into account the limited rationality of the participants in communicative interaction. The proposed approach develops modern theory of consumer behavior and simulation, and the results of the study can be used in the formation of development programs for the Russian agro-food exports.
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Koch, Camilo, and Davit Mkhitaryan. "Consumer’s Brand Choice Behavior for Luxury Cars in China." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 1, no. 12 (2015): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.112.1005.
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This paper introduces the aphorism “think globally, act locally” and examines consumer tendencies in the Chinese automobile marketplace based on the analysis of relevant local brands. Findings demonstrate significant consumer preferences for products related to the luxury category signifying the need for refining local marketing operations where performance of multinational corporations must match global standards as expected by local consumers. Car consumption has grown during the last years in China turning brand marketing into a critical variable that can forge an active place in consumer’s minds, or negative impact if a campaign is not well-implemented. The relevance of this subject result from the realities that brand marketing is one of the most important aspects of determining whether a brand succeeds or fails. Regardless of the benefits of the brand, poorly marketed brand can end in failure. Multinational corporations need to identify several factors to understand the benefits of branding such as the image and characteristics of the firm, the purpose of the brand, the consumers profile, the brand’s position within the marketplace, and the brand’s general impression. Once, multinational corporations entirely assume these aspects they can utilize brand marketing to market the benefits of the brand in any space in the marketplace. The investigation provides several recommendations to multinational corporations intending to enter Chinese market by utilizing brand marketing as a strategic tool to focus on consumer needs and preferences in the Chinese luxury automobile market.
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Butt, Muhammad Mohsin, Susan Rose, Stephen Wilkins, and Junaid Ul Haq. "MNCs and religious influences in global markets." International Marketing Review 34, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 885–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-12-2015-0277.
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Purpose Multinational corporations (MNCs) that want to compete in markets worldwide should not underestimate the influences of religion on consumer demand. Almost one quarter of the world’s population is Muslim so it is important for MNCs to get into the Muslim mind set when operating in countries where Islam has a large influence. The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which consumer-based brand equity in a religious market results from the psychological and behavioural characteristics of consumers rather than from product characteristics. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative survey method was adopted, using a total sample of 551 Muslim consumers in Malaysia and Pakistan. A holistic model conceptualising three potential psychological and behavioural predictors of consumer-based halal brand equity (CBHBE) was created and then tested using structural equation modelling. Findings The strength of an individual’s religious identity was found to be a strong predictor of consumer halal choice behaviour and perceived self-expressive religious benefits. Consumers’ halal choice behaviour and perceived self-expressive benefits directly predict CBHBE. Moreover, consumer halal choice behaviour partially mediates the relationship between self-expressive benefits and CBHBE. Practical implications The authors conclude that firms targeting Muslim consumers can maximise CBHBE by focussing their marketing strategies on the three psychological and behavioural constructs identified in the model. For example, by using halal certification logos and providing convincing information about the halalness of their brand, businesses can facilitate Muslim consumers’ search processes in relation to their choice behaviour. Originality/value The study contributes to the existing international branding literature in two main ways. First, it introduces and defines the concept of CBHBE. Second, it identifies and empirically validates the important psychological and behavioural predictors of CBHBE.
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Jin, Byoungho, Jae-Eun Chung, Heesoon Yang, and So Won Jeong. "Entry market choices and post-entry growth patterns among born globals in consumer goods sectors." International Marketing Review 35, no. 6 (November 12, 2018): 958–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-11-2015-0243.
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Purpose Contrary to the mainstream born global (BG) perspective, some previous studies report the incremental expansion of BGs. In addition, the reasons behind BGs initiating specific steps, if any, and BGs’ entry market choices are still unknown or rather contrasting. This study views that such contrasting findings may be attributed to the contexts in which BGs operate. Within the context of consumer goods BGs, the purpose of this paper is to examine the entry market choices and post-entry growth patterns, and investigate the underlying reasons. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted in-depth historiographic case research from seven Korean BGs in the consumer goods sector that demonstrated success in internationalization. Multiple sources were used to gather data from each case. A total of 14 interviews, approximately two one-on-one interviews per firm, were the major means of data collection. Findings The findings revealed that first entry market choices among BGs functioned largely as attempts at emergent opportunities. However, after the first wave of entry into countries with available selling opportunities, entry market choice became a simultaneous pursuit of strategic markets and emergent selling opportunities. BGs focusing on image-oriented consumer goods appeared more strategic when entering the world’s leading markets to gain brand reputation. The analyses of internationalization processes revealed three patterns, which collectively implied that each move to the next stage came from a strategic decision to solve the problems related to survival and strategic visions for growth. Originality/value One contribution of this paper is the provision of empirical evidence for entry market choices among consumer goods BGs. The findings suggest that BGs’ entry market choices may not be a simple matter of simultaneous expansion to the world’s lead market. Instead, they may comprise more strategic decision. While previous studies have suggested such evolutionary or path-dependent internationalization processes, this study is among the first to reveal specific growth patterns and the possible reasons behind them.
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Golohvastov, D. V. "COMPETENCES OF MARKET AGENT IN GLOBAL MANAGEMENT BUSINESS-MODEL." Business Strategies, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2311-7184-2018-2-16-19.
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Questions of formation of the agency’ competencies reflect the specific features of the recessionary period of economic development associated with the need to rely on entrepreneurial initiative and responsibility, on the independent economic behavior and autonomous making decision skills. In this sense, the educational environment is forced to perform additional tasks, which, in a normal situation of economic stability or growth, is not coming to the fore - the task of developing the social and psychological characteristics of the activities of a market agent and the goal of the formation of individuals, students within educational institutions or undergoing training tuition common professional skills of agent behavior, necessary for work in commercial companies, aimed at ensuring the profitability, and non-profit organizations, including government agencies and structures, providing state and municipal services. Specific agency competences, behavioral skills and the willingness to risk bearing, the ability of acceptance of responsibility and of making a choice, allow more efficient match between customer needs and capabilities of organizational structures.
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Larina, Y. S. "MARKETING STRATEGIES IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS: ROLE, CONDITIONS AND METHODS OF CHOICE." Economic innovations 19, no. 2(64) (July 7, 2017): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2017.19.2(64).183-189.
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The objective necessity of business strategy development in international business is proved. We define the strategy as a generalized model of marketing actions, which includes a thorough study of the needs and requirements of consumers, segmentation, choice of target markets, identification of competitive advantages, differentiation, positioning, and clear identification of elements of marketing mix. The hierarchy of marketing strategies of the enterprise in the international business is defined. We proved that in the process of forming the marketing strategy of the agroindustrial complex in the foreign markets, it is necessary to adapt the main elements of this methodology to the world market of agricultural products and food by taking into account its features as a market with a high level of competition, high dynamics of development, peculiarities of consumer behavior on it, product specificity regarding quality, conditions of storage, etc. We determined the growth strategies as a most dynamic strategies in international business. Options of strategies of growth on foreign markets are considered. The features of realization of marketing strategies in the international business and the main factors influencing their success are determined. In particular we reviewed that the main problems of enterprises of domestic agroindustrial complex while entering the external markets are largely due to the defects of the proposed commodity policy, in particular the inconsistency between sellers and buyers regarding quality standards of products and packaging, non-compliance with global standards and certification principles. In addition, the problem may be insufficient level of service, ineffective pricing policy, inconsistency of actions of market participants. The tools and stages of building strategies for penetration into international business are substantiated.
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Levinson, David. "Zoned Out: Regulation, Market, and Choice In Transportation and Metropolitan Land-Use - Jonathan Levine." Growth and Change 37, no. 3 (September 14, 2006): 492–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.2006.00333_2.x.
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Fuertes, Alberto, and Jose María Serena. "How firms borrow in international bond markets." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 26, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 135–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-11-2016-0100.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate how firms from emerging economies choose among different international bond markets: global, US144A and Eurobond markets. The authors explore if the ranking in regulatory stringency –global bonds have the most stringent regulations and Eurobonds have the most lenient regulations – leads to a segmentation of borrowers. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a novel data set from emerging economy firms, treating them as consolidated entities. The authors also obtain descriptive evidence and perform univariate non-parametric analyses, conditional and multinomial logit analyses to study firms’ marginal debt choice decisions. Findings The authors show that firms with poorer credit quality, less ability to absorb flotation costs and more informational asymmetries issue debt in US144A and Eurobond markets. On the contrary, firms issuing global bonds – subject to full Securities and Exchange Commission requirements – are financially sounder and larger. This exercise also shows that following the global crisis, firms from emerging economies are more likely to tap less regulated debt markets. Originality/value This is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first study that examines if the ranking in stringency of regulation – global bonds have the most stringent regulations and Eurobonds have the most lenient regulations – is consistent with an ordinal choice by firms. The authors also explore if this ranking is monotonic in all determinants or there are firm-specific features which make firms unlikely to borrow in a given market. Finally, the authors analyze if there are any changes in the debt-choice behavior of firms after the global financial crisis.
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Robles, Fernando, and Kety Lourdes Jauregui. "International markets entry strategy determinants: an exploratory study in Peru." Cuadernos de Administración 33, no. 59 (December 20, 2017): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/cdea.v33i59.4485.
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Nowadays a progressively more dynamic and global economic environment causes a higher number of enterprises to pick an entry strategy to become international. The choice of a strategy of entry into foreign markets constitutes one of the most relevant decisions for a company, for it impacts on its performance and means it being ready to cooperate, to a greater or lesser extent, with global supply chains. The present article identifies the determining factors of the strategies of entry into international markets as implemented by Peruvian businessmen, which impact on the integration level into an international market. The companies that participated in this exploratory study have growing exportation levels within the non-traditional sector. The results allow to appreciate exporters employing entry strategies with low levels of integration, and predominantly prefer low-risk markets and high resemblance to the Peruvian market, with regards to cultural affinity and business behavior.
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CLEMENT, JESSICA. "Electoral rule choice in transitional economies." Journal of Institutional Economics 12, no. 4 (June 30, 2016): 895–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137416000138.
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AbstractThe Arab Spring and subsequent global unrest sparked a debate about whether a fourth wave of democracy emerged in the global political arena starting in 2010. A key issue arises from these emerging democracies, or ‘countries in transition’, about what types of government institutions will be adopted by the new democracies. The previous literature on advanced democracies shows the economic structure of a nation impacted its choice of electoral rule system. This paper looks at what determines electoral rule choice in transitional nations. Using a panel database with 65 transitional countries with data for 18 years (1995 to 2012), this paper tests the argument that more coordinated market economies (CMEs) tend to adopt more proportional representative electoral rule systems during a political transition. Findings show that countries characterized as CMEs due to widespread primary education, which supports co-specific assets, and prominent industrial sectors have more proportional electoral rule systems.
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Reddy, Y. V., and Subhash S. Naik. "Determinants of Goan SME Firms Going Global: Theoretical and Empirical Approach." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 36, no. 2 (April 2011): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920110204.
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Choice of entry mode has been widely recognized as one of the critical decisions in a firm's internationalization. However, most of the research primarily focuses upon Western multinational enterprises rather than Indian state small-medium sized enterprises (SMEs). In the past, several major theories have been proposed but none of them is able to explain the choice from the complete set of entry modes. The purpose of this research is to understand the various entry modes, improve the selection decision, and explain the entry mode strategies of Goan SME firms in the international markets. A firm can deploy a variety of arrangements (entry modes) like wholly-owned subsidiaries, joint ventures, contracts, and export modes to implement its product market strategies in foreign countries. Each of these arrangements entails decisions about the location of production facilities and⁄or marketing operations, and the type of ownership of these operations. This study examines the internationalization behaviour of 200 randomly selected Goan SME firms. It examines the factors associated with each theory and seeks to integrate them to gain a better understanding of how SME businesses succeed in the international marketplace. The determinants under examination are also substantiated with the identification of several international SME entry mode models. The nine groups of determinants are: International planning experience, firm size, R&D intensity, competitive advantage, degree of standardization, demand intensity, economic development, regulation, and political risk. The proposed framework is an effort to fill the gap between theory and practice of entry mode choice. The framework is broader in scope than the extant theories because it transcends across industries and nationalities of firms. The primary objectives of the study are: (a) to identify the descriptive determinants that have been strongly associated with SME internationalization entry behaviour; and (b) to determine if the propensity of Goan SME firms will be significantly predicted using specific empirical analysis. Data for the study were obtained through a questionnaire used in numerous previous theories. The study used multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results from the hypothetical foreign market entry situation strongly support the propositions that firm-specific resources and host country factors, viewed as a source of sustainable competitive advantage, encourage involvement in foreign markets. One broad implication for managers is the importance of both analysing the characteristics of the chosen product market and critically examining the firm's capabilities in order to focus on what it does best, build upon it and, where necessary, complement this through collaboration with others.
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Srivastava, Ankur, Dipanjan Kumar Dey, and Balaji M.S. "Drivers of brand credibility in consumer evaluation of global brands and domestic brands in an emerging market context." Journal of Product & Brand Management 29, no. 7 (January 27, 2020): 849–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-03-2018-1782.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of brand credibility on purchase intentions toward global brands and domestic brands in an emerging market context. It further examines three drivers of brand credibility: perceived globalness, perceived local iconness and perceived authenticity. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Systematic random sampling using the mall intercept technique was used to collect cross-sectional data from 836 customers in India. Hypotheses were tested by using structural equation modeling with AMOS 21. Findings The results demonstrate the significance of brand credibility on purchase intentions. Furthermore, brand globalness differentially influence brand credibility for global and domestic brands. Research limitations/implications The findings provide key insights for marketers regarding consumer evaluation of global brands and domestic brands in emerging markets. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by proposing and testing the key role of brand credibility in consumer choice of global brands versus domestic brands in an emerging market context.
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Khan, Huda, Larry Lockshin, Richard Lee, and Armando Corsi. "When is it necessary to localise product packaging?" Journal of Consumer Marketing 34, no. 5 (August 14, 2017): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-06-2016-1846.
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Purpose The common market practice by global consumer brands to create localised packaging for foreign markets conflicts with findings that cast doubt on this strategy. By examining the differential influence of standard (Western) and local (Chinese) packaging on Chinese consumers’ perceptions and choice behaviour, this study aims to examine whether this strategy is effective or even necessary. Design/methodology/approach A pre-test first identified suitable products and brands. Using a multiple methods approach, online participants in China first rated the brands and packaging of hedonic and utilitarian products. The ratings were then validated by triangulating with the results of a discrete choice experiment that captured participants’ choice behaviour. Findings For hedonic products, standard packaging is rated more positively and chosen more often than local packaging. For utilitarian products, there are no differences in ratings and choice. For hedonic products, brand likeability is higher for standard packaging than for local packaging. For utilitarian products, brand likeability does not differ between the two packaging types. Research limitations/implications These findings cast doubt on the effectiveness of indiscriminate packaging localisation. International marketers need to rethink their approach, particularly in non-Western markets. Interviews with five brand managers in charge of major consumer brands in China revealed their actual market practice and further illuminate this study’s findings. Originality/value This is first study to question the common market practice of packaging localisation and investigate the differential effects of standard versus local packaging of foreign products on consumers’ perceptions and choice behaviour.
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Olbryś, Joanna, and Elżbieta Majewska. "Bear market periods during the 2007–2009 financial crisis: Direct evidence from the Visegrad countries." Acta Oeconomica 65, no. 4 (December 2015): 547–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.65.2015.4.3.
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The main goal of this paper is a quantitative identification of bear market periods during the 2007–2009 global financial crisis in the case of the Visegrad Group stock markets. We analyse four countries, namely Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia and, for comparison, the US stock market. The sample period begins on May1, 2004, and ends on April 30, 2013, i.e. it includes the 2007 US subprime crisis. We use the statistical method of dividing market states into bullish and bearish markets. Our results reveal October 2007–February 2009 as the common downmarket period of the recent global financial crisis, except for Slovakia. It is instructive to formally identify crises, as it enables sensitivity analyses of various relationships and linkages among international stock markets using econometric and statistical tools, with respect to the pre-, post- and crisis periods. Moreover, we investigate the effect of increasing cross-market correlations in the crisis compared to the pre-crisis period, applying both standard contemporaneous correlations and volatility-adjusted correlation coefficients. The results confirm that accommodating heteroskedasticity is critical for detecting contagion across economies. A number of studies document that crossmarket correlations vary over time, thereby making the benefits of international portfolio choice and diversification questionable.
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Úbeda García, Mercedes, and Francisco Llopis Vañó. "Organizational learning in a global market." Human Systems Management 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-2002-21303.
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We could characterize today's business world with numerous attributes, namely: dynamism, turbulence, complexity, etc. But if we had to give a brief definition of the specific challenges business management will have to face in the next century, the best choice would surely be talking about ‘global market’ and ‘knowledge management’. These are the two concepts we have tried to combine in this paper, trying to emphasize the starring role human resources management must play in this scenario. The globalization of economy is already a reality firms currently have to face, but what is the role of knowledge, or of those who own that knowledge (human resources) within a global framework? If we analyze the human capital in an firm according to the resource-based view of the firm, we can consider knowledge as an intangible resource on which organizations can build up their competitive advantages and keep them with the pass of time; and knowledge management can be seen as a strategic capability as long as the practices being used encourage the development and accumulation of a knowledge stock that will allow the firm to design an operating procedure which no other competitors can imitate. It will have to be the human resources management's task to generate a leverage among individual competences through the construction of an Organizational Learning Scheme. Organizational Learning can be understood as a collective phenomenon in which new knowledge is acquired by the members of an organization with the aim of settling, as well as developing, the core competences in the firm, taking individual learning as the basic starting point. There are various ways an firm can follow when it comes to learning, two of which stand out from the others: through accumulated experience or through experimentation, both of which are compatible with the concept of globalization, or with the decision made by an firm to start working overseas, that is, to become internationalized. An firm can choose to operate in a global market in order to achieve a higher income through the exploitation of its know-how, its brand name, or the management capabilities of the domestic firm in different countries. Thus, if we consider human knowledge as a key strategic factor on which competitive advantages can be built, we could justify the value of human resources in firms which start operating on an international scale through the competences that these human resources can develop, among which we can highlight the role played by the competences of the human capital from the parent company. In this case, the organization would be resorting to learning through accumulated experience. But we cannot forget that if the firm exploits exclusively its core competences, without trying to accumulate new distinctive competences, it will suffer, in the long run, a competitive disadvantage, insofar as it will have to face the competition of firms highly motivated by the learning that their resource basis will have developed, which will alter the competition terms. In this sense, we could consider the firm's internationalization as being, apart from a procedure to strengthen and exploit the firm's strategic competences, as a way of revitalizing or renewing them, reconfigurating the ‘domestic knowledge’ by means of other knowledge, through addition and combination, a new knowledge arising this way. On the other hand, it is in turn not an easy task to exploit and to achieve a return on domestic knowledge (which normally has an implicit nature) in other countries, and it is even more difficult to follow a conversion cycle so that new knowledge can be incorporated. Thus, we can highlight, as possible ways of transferring basic knowledge, imitation through the practical exercise of the head firm's operating procedures (using an ethnocentric approach), carrying out an exchange of experiences and, above all, two of the most commonly used actions in firms having to face internationalization processes, namely, the transfer of employees and the use of expatriates. The way in which that knowledge is later complemented and combined with that of the other entities, will depend on the learning rate reached in each specific unit, although we must point out that one of the critical factors when it comes to the achievement of an Organizational Learning Scheme is the consolidation of a cultural framework which encourages permanent improvement and which is specially characterized by the open attitude towards experimentation, the stimulus to take chances and the will to face failures or mistakes and to try and learn from them. In short, the study of Organizational Learning in a global market is one of the fields to be developed in human resources management, for two main reasons; on the one hand, the globalization of economy is a phenomenon which has an influence on the firms' success and, on the other hand, because competitive advantage currently lies in knowledge, and this can only have one replacement, more knowledge.
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Peng, Xinmin, Keyi Fang, and Martin Lockett. "From focus to ambidexterity: the choice of catch-up strategy for EMNEs." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 28, no. 2 (March 12, 2021): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-03-2020-0062.
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PurposeEmerging-market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) can choose focused or ambidextrous strategies to catch up with global market leaders through overseas foreign direct investment (OFDI). The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), launched by the Chinese government in 2013, had a profound impact on Chinese multinational enterprises’ international behavior. This paper analyses how EMNEs select focused or ambidextrous catch-up strategies before and after the BRI, integrating ambidexterity and catch-up theories to provide a more nuanced understanding of the evolution of EMNE strategy.Design/methodology/approachA case study is well suited for deriving rich descriptions of empirical phenomena for which little theory exists. Because the existing literature has not yet fully explored and conceptually modeled the influence of windows of opportunity on international catch-up strategies, we use qualitative research to explore the mechanisms of strategy evolution in EMNEs.FindingsThe results show that the choice of catch-up strategy is influenced by the nature of windows of opportunity and the firm's accumulated technological capability. Specifically, the opening of institutional windows as a result of the BRI could give significant momentum to the international catch-up process by providing incentives and opportunities for EMNEs to enter more markets and new technology fields. The EMNEs studied underwent a transition from a focused strategy in the catch-up stage to an ambidextrous strategy in the beyond catch-up stage.Originality/valueThese conclusions can not only deepen our understanding of the dynamics of catch-up strategies in the global context but also enrich the research on the ambidexterity of EMNEs, especially in the context of the BRI.
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Trubnikov, Dimitrii. "The Public Choice View at the “Deregulation” Movement: Analyzing the Experience of European Telecommunications." Law, State and Telecommunications Review 11, no. 1 (May 20, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v11i1.24846.
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Purpose – The liberalization of European telecommunications has been expressed in highly concentrated markets with several major players at the pan-European level. Instead of fostering competitive marketplaces, the reform has created an oligopolistic landscape with powerful private corporations. This induces reasonable questions about the real objectives and the chosen ways of the reform.
Methodology/approach/design – The deregulatory movement in the telecommunications sector is analyzed through contrasting perspectives of the public interest approach and public choice theory.
Findings – The chance to change the landscape of the industry has been missed, and the current trend towards the global oligopolistic marketplace yields an unprecedented amount of economic power to narrow groups at the global scale. The liberalization movement introduced market mechanisms in the industry, but the real free and open market has never been formed, and it is possible to assert that it has never been among the real objectives and intentions of the policymakers.
Originality/value – The recent surge of “liberalization” in the telecommunications industry speaks rather in favor of the hypothesis of vested private interests in the policy and that they have always been greatly covered by the sauce of public interest justifications. The case of telecommunications shows that ideas and understanding of economic phenomena played an important role in adoption of regulatory regimes, and it is apparent that people on the top of the social pyramid have opportunities to pick up and foster those ideas that better fit their private needs.
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Josifidis, Kosta. "Neoliberalism: Destiny or a choice of way of living in transition (also)?" Privredna izgradnja 47, no. 1-2 (2004): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/priz0402005j.
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Neoliberal concept of way of life is almost a quarter of decade dominant in one part of developed world where is in practice Anglo-Saxonian type of capitalism, well-known as a market-oriented capitalism. Aggressiveness of globalization i.e. market fundamentalism jeopardize European continental capitalism, and force it to adjust to laissez-faire global economy, by denying traditional values of welfare stale. In this paper we will discuss whether there are possibilities of transitional countries to make a choice of its own way to market economy, or Washington Consensus is sealed up their destiny. Moreover, maybe we will be faced to a some kind of historical paradox (not in near future): on the one hand, people are exhausted in developed countries of market rules, and ask for much more social justice (redistribution) and protection, or, on the other hand, we will be faced with further promotion of neoliberalism in transitional economies, because it is convenient to capital elites and future upper middle class. Hence dilemma is: if people in some area are preferring trade (Smith, as a founder of free market), or consumption, since redistribution is more important to them (welfare state of Keynes).
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Sinha, Paresha, Mingyang (Ana) Wang, Joanna Scott-Kennel, and Jenny Gibb. "Paradoxes of psychic distance and market entry by software INVs." European Business Review 27, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 34–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-12-2013-0144.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the role of psychic distance during the process of international market entry by software international new ventures (INVs) from small, open economies. Specifically, we investigate how home market and global industry contexts influence market-entry strategies, and how psychic distance influences initial then subsequent market-entry choice decisions. Design/methodology/approach – Using Atlas.ti7 software, this paper adopts a qualitative, multi-case analysis of ten software INVs based in New Zealand. Thematic coding of interview and secondary data revealed three core processes: pre-entry considerations, market selection criteria and post-entry evaluation, across the stages of initial and subsequent market entry. Findings – In the context of the global software industry, the key driver of proactive market entry by INVs from small, open economies is market size rather than psychic distance. During the process of market expansion, firms encounter the psychic distance paradox (PDP). A second paradox arises when, despite experiential learning, managerial perceptions of psychic distance increase, making entry into more distant markets less, rather than more, likely and reactive, rather than proactive. Originality/value – This paper addresses contextual differences in software versus more traditional sectors, and the influence of psychic distance on market entry rather than outcomes. Specifically, extending our understanding of the PDP, we find perceptual psychic and cultural distance ignored as criteria for initial market-entry decisions, and initial positive attitudes toward risk-taking become less apparent during subsequent entries.
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Nguyen, Thong Tien, and Hung Manh Nguyen. "POSITIONING VIETNAM’S PANGASIUS CATFISH IN THE FRENCH MARKET USING DISCRETE CHOICE MODEL." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i4.1546.
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The study used discrete choice model to investigate the position of Vietnam’s Pangasius catfish in the French market. Data was collected via a choice experiment designed for 12 aquaculture species familiar to French consumers. The random parameter model was estimated and used to calculate the share elasticity. The market position of the aquaculture products in this study was calculated based on the competitive clout, vulnerability scores, and ranked-order implicit values. The results show that Vietnam’s Pangasius has a low competitive clout, high vulnarability score, and low ranked-order implicit value. A latent class model was also estimated for comparison and acquisition of additional information. A strong segment of Pangasius (11.9%) is described by low income and education consumers, women at mid-age dominated, and family with children. To improve the Pangasius position and image in the international market, Vietnam needs promotional and marketing campaigns at global level for the product.
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Calliess, Gralf-Peter, and Hermann B. Hoffmann. "Judicial Services for Global Commerce – Made in Germany?" German Law Journal 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200000961.
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International business disputes rarely go to court, but sometimes they do. By virtue of the internationally accepted principle of party autonomy, business partners involved in cross-border transactions are entitled to select their forum of choice for any dispute which may arise from their commercial relationship. Party autonomy entails the right to opt out of the nation state's court systems. In fact, arbitration clauses often refer disputes to a non-state institution for commercial arbitration such as the International Court of Arbitration of the ICC in Paris. In a choice of court agreement, however, parties may also choose between the different forums for dispute resolution provided by the nation states. In the era of economic globalization when the demand for cross-border dispute resolution services is growing, the provision of legal services for international commerce becomes big business. As a result, national business lawyers develop a natural interest in channeling international disputes to their domestic courts. A very effective way to broaden their market share is to submit as many contracts as possible to their own national law. Once a choice of law clause, English law for example, is agreed on, a corresponding choice of court agreement comes quasi naturally, since the courts of other nations have a lack of experience in applying foreign law. Thus, when international business transactions are negotiated, the involved lawyers engage in what is appropriately described as a ‘fight for the applicable law'.
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Gangopadhyay, Partha. "A Formal Model of Arms Market with Cash-for-Favours." Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 411–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2014-0017.
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AbstractBoth corruption and market imperfections are important facets of modern arms markets. In the standard literature of arms market, production, procurement, sales (exports) and purchases (imports) of arms take place in the shadow of corruption. Corruption is an integral part of the environment of the arms trade that exerts an influence upon the outcome in the arms market. In our work, we make corruption as a choice variable of the powerful players in the global arms market and examine the equilibrium consequence of corruption that is strategically chosen by armament firms. We develop a simple duopoly to characterize a perfect Nash equilibrium of cash-for-favors and establish perplexing comparative static properties of this equilibrium. The primary intuition here is that cash-for-favors can have serious impacts on the equilibrium of an oligopoly through their effects on the incentives of and constraints on individual firms. We offer a model of endogenous corruption, to our understanding for the first time, to examine the global arms market in order to establish that the equilibrium outcome in the arms market cannot be fully captured by the standard results of oligopoly. Researchers have to extremely careful in applying the standard tools of oligopoly to the arms market as our results suggest that endogenous corruption can reverse most of the known results of oligopoly.
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Barrell, Ray, and Karen Dury. "Asymmetric Labour Markets in a Converging Europe: Do Differences Matter?" National Institute Economic Review 183 (January 2003): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027950103183001461.
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In this paper we investigate whether differences we observe in European labour market transmission mechanisms matter for monetary policy design. We are particularly concerned with the robustness of the choice of rule by the European Central Bank (ECB) but we also comment on the choice of rules in the UK. Three different models of labour markets are constructed, one where the relationships are estimated separately, one where the most statistically acceptable commonalities across countries are imposed and one where common relationships are imposed across all countries. Panel estimation techniques are used to test for commonalities. These models are embedded into the National Institute's Global Econometric Model, NiGEM, and stochastic simulations are run to evaluate different monetary policy rules.
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Goode, Peter. "Ensuring Australia's competitiveness in the global oil and gas market." APPEA Journal 51, no. 2 (2011): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10087.
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There is an estimated $200 billion worth of capital expenditure presently planned for Australian gas projects. These projects provide the potential for $20 billion worth of engineering and maintenance opportunities for Australian companies and an estimated 16,000 ongoing positions in the sector. The scale of these projects has drawn international attention and is increasingly drawing global competition. Australian companies are at risk of the misperception that they don’t have the international know-how or the people to compete for these large-scale projects. We need to ensure that our Australian ingenuity and scale continue to position us as the service provider of choice for construction, project management and maintenance opportunities. Working together with industry, we have shown that we have what it takes to compete on a global scale. We also need to work with government and unions to ensure we have scalable highly-skilled people available to support these projects. This presentation will consider the following case study: Transfield Services delivers services to companies including Woodside Energy, which operates the A$27 billion North West Shelf project, one of the world’s largest LNG production facilities with an output of 16.4 million tonnes of LNG a year. While expansion continues, ongoing brownfield project and maintenance services demand the ongoing support of a highly-skilled workforce of up to 1,000 people. This case study explores: innovative service solutions in a resource-scarce environment through access to global resources innovative scheduling of work; and, the challenges of sourcing and retaining highly-skilled people by improving the opportunities for global and domestic employee mobility and investing in training and developing local people.
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Shevchenko, Y. I. "The TNC Marketing Strategy – Balance of the Global and the Local." Business Inform 10, no. 513 (2020): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-10-434-442.
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Competitiveness of enterprises in the international market of goods and services is one of the main trends in the development of the world economy. In order to preserve and strengthen their competitive advantages, transnational corporations (TNC) are forced to reconsider sometimes conservative approaches to the development and implementation of marketing strategies. The article is aimed at studying the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of TNC marketing strategies, analyzing the factors that influence the choice and substantiation of these strategies in the context of uncertainty of the global environment. TNC do not use only global or transnational marketing strategy. For the most part, compromise approaches prevail, which can be conventionally defined as standardized adaptation. Reducing the product life cycle (PLC), the use of synchronous expansion of national markets provide TNC leadership on a global scale. Finding the best time to enter foreign markets, rationalizing of marketing strategies and prioritizing the use of marketing mix tools at each stage of the international life cycle is the key to the success of TNC in the competitive struggle for international and national markets. For all TNC, the problem of marketing strategy efficiency remains the main one. Each company experiences a discussion on global and adaptive strategy in different periods of its life cycle. The combination of global thinking and local implementation according to the needs of the market, building a new level of relationships with partner (manufacturer, supplier, consumer, etc.), business processes management and integration of management functions with effective saturation with digital solutions and innovations is not an easy but effective formula for the success of TNC marketing strategies.
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Tsamenyi, Mathew, and Nana Yaa A. Gyamfi. "HealthKeepers Network: financial sustainability in emerging market sociopreneurship." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2020-0038.
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Learning outcomes Students should be able to appreciate the exigencies of managing social enterprises in a largely profit-oriented economic domain; understand the interplay of choice and trade-offs in business management and be equipped to make optimal choices; and appraise new, creative and profit-making approaches for sustaining social enterprise. Case overview/synopsis Daniel Mensah and his team were to deliberate on options available for ensuring financial sustainability of HealthKeepers Network (HKN), a not-for-profit organization focused on community health and grassroots capacity development. As the economy of Ghana moved towards middle-income status, funding from global organizations had begun to decline. To ensure HKN’s continuity, Mensah needed to re-engineer HKN’s finances and consider options available for ensuring cash inflows to support the organization’s operations. Each of the available options involved specific setbacks or challenges for HKN to overcome to achieve financial sustainability. Mensah and his team were to engage in a brainstorming session analyse the available options and map the way forward for HKN. Complexity academic level This case is suitable for undergraduate and graduate-level programmes in business management. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Stražišar, Borut. "Is principle based legislation smart choice for capital market’s regulation." Journal of Governance and Regulation 1, no. 3 (2012): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v1_i3_c1_p4.
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Global financial crisis in 2008 posted numerous questions about the reasons and triggers. In past three years world’s economic literature has been full of academic articles analysing each reason or trigger and scientific explanations of possible connections. Majority outcome was, that key factor was excessive use of derivatives and synthetic financial products, which were under regulated or not regulated at all. The outcome was that countries with developed financial markets introduced new regulations and controls in the field of derivatives and synthetic financial products. Term “systemic risk” was introduced in global financial market. But will this approach really prevent such global crisis? Submission is divided in three parts. First part deals with the theory of principle based regulation. Principle based regulation was firstly introduced in UK and latter accepted by European Union in the field of capital markets. It was a way, together with the Lamfalussy process, to make EU regulation acceptable for all member states. Instead of detailed prescribed behaviour, legislation texts prescribe only desirable goals. Implementation is left to each state or, even worse, to each supervised subject. So the implementation should depend on the capital market’s development, capital product’s structure, tradition, investment companies’ size etc. From a distant view, principle based legislation could be seen as a great legislation writing’s technique. It could be seen as an effective solution to regulate a fast developing field without need to change the regulation. But is it true? Second part of the submission addresses the legal questions and problems, connected to the principle based regulation starting with the validity of regulations. Broad definitions in Market in financial instruments Directive (MiFID), introduced for fast adaptation to new financial products and instruments, are now turning into dinosaurs. Contrary to US’s fast action, European Union is still discussing whether spot forex trade is financial instrument or not. On the other hand, broad and unclear definitions, represents a friendly environment for new casino’s financial products. Even recognised financial instruments (like derivatives and synthetic financial instruments) are recognised as gambling contracts by national courts within European Union. Problems with legal enforcement of financial contracts are mentioned also in common law’s literature. There are numerous pages describing the economic and financial essence of each derivative or synthetic financial instrument. But the chapters, dealing with the legal aspects, are short and end with a similar advice: “due to small number of case law and the danger, that courts could interpret such contracts as a gambling contract, we strongly advise to settle all disputes outside the court.” In case of numerous defaults unenforceability of contracts could be the poison pill for the trust in capital markets. Accepted solutions could also be a problem for administrative or criminal sanctions. Broad and unclear definitions could violate the basic principle “nullum crimen sine lege praevia.” And least but not last, in modern financial world sins are made in interpretations of details and not of principles. Third part of submission deals with the necessary assumptions for a workable principle based legislation. It starts with basic legal culture and generally accepted rule of law. It deals with the corporate culture, consumer’s organizations, financial markets and capable supervisors. Only when all the actors perform their expected roles, the principle based legislation could work properly.
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Goncharov, I. L., and O. A. Gorelova. "PSYCHOLOGY OF CONSUMER CHOICE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON PRICING IN MARKET CONDITIONS." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 8 (September 24, 2020): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-8-110-116.
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The schemes of the decision-making process of an individual when consuming various goods and services using the components of economic psychology have been considered. Relevant from the point of view of economic psychology characteristics of buyer behavior that have a direct impact on his attitude to the price level of a product or service and on his reaction when the price changes for them have been presented and reviewed. The used “models” of consumer behavior of motivation, explaining not only the purchase by him of this product, but also his decision to have this product have been shown. Building models of purchase motivation allows manufacturers not only to explain consumer behavior, but also to influence it. Knowing all these nuances and skilful use of them, manufacturers have the opportunity significantly facilitate the pricing process for their goods and make a more accurate calculation of the “fair” price, which will not alienate the consumer. Two global approaches to segmentation of the consumer market have been considered, the use of which allows the manufacturer to assess the company’s competitiveness, assess the market size, and assess the customer’s commitment.
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Cahyaningsih Kristilestari, Caecilia. "THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS, THREATS AND CONTROL STEPS IN FACING GLOBAL MARKET COMPETITION IN PT. XYZ." Dinasti International Journal of Management Science 1, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v1i1.27.
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Currently the global market is a good and attractive choice for companies to develop themselves, but it is not easy to be able to penetrate the global market let alone to survive in it. The fact that is mostly found in the field is that many companies cannot survive and are able to compete successfully in the global market. Companies that enter the global market must be able to face a competition or competition. In efforts to deal with global market competition, many businesses can be done by companies, one of which is by using information systems. It should also be noted that information systems are not only a solution, but can also be a threat to companies when their control systems are not properly implemented. Then there needs to be an adequate and ready control system in the face of threats. The purpose of the research and writing of this paper is to find out about the use of accounting information systems their role in dealing with global market competition, including the threats that accompany and how to control them within the company. For this information system, the author tries to explain the possible threats, as well as design controls for mitigating these threats. The author uses the name PT.XYZ to describe the existence of the company. The research method used is a qualitative method, the writer tries to provide an explanation using analysis of various sources of literature.
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Dr. Muhammad Tariq Khan, Dr. Tariq Iqbal Khan, and Mr. Sheraz Ahmed. "Halal Products: Not Restricted to Food and its Marketing Opportunity in the Muslim World." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 1, no. 4 (December 26, 2020): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol1-iss4-2020(101-112).
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Halal refers to methods of producing goods & services in the manner allowed by Shariah or Islamic law, which invest besides food preparation and food products but also encompasses the production of pharmaceutical, Cosmetics, Garments & fashion, Tourism Practices and also services like tourism, finance & banking and many more. Halal not only a religious observance and obligation for Muslims but also has emerged as a powerful market force alike both for Muslims and non-Muslims, so gained an increasing acceptance among Muslims along with non-Muslim consumers. Halal is becoming a global symbol of a lifestyle choice and quality assurance choice has promoted values as economic and social justice, earth stewardship, social responsibility, and animal welfare have gained interest which is beyond religious compliance. The global halal market is 1.7 billion consumers and worth almost US$ 2.3 trillion. This paper has focused on items Muslims are using other than food.
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Adebayo, Adejimi Alli, Paul Greenhalgh, and Kevin Muldoon-Smith. "Investigating retail property market dynamics through spatial accessibility measures." Journal of European Real Estate Research 12, no. 2 (August 8, 2019): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-01-2018-0009.
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Purpose The retail property market is constantly adopting to the continuous demand of retailers and their consumers. This paper aims to investigate retail property market dynamics through spatial accessibility measures of the City of York street network. It explores how spatial accessibility metrics (SAM) explain retail market dynamics (RMD) through changes in the city’s retail rental values and stock. Design/methodology/approach Valuation office agency (VOA) data sets (aspatial) and ordnance survey map (spatial) data form the empirical foundation for this investigation. Changes in rental value and retail stock between 2010 and 2017 VOA data sets represent the RMD variables. While, the configured street network measures of Space Syntax, namely, global integration, local integration, global choice and normalised angular choice form the SAM variables. The relationship between these variables is analysed through geo-visualisation and statistical testing using GIS and SPSS tools. Findings The study reveals that there has been an overall negative changes of 15 and 22% in rental value and retail stock, respectively, even though some locations within the sampled city (York, North Yorkshire, England) indicated positive changes. The study further indicated that changes in retail rental value and stock have occurred within locations with good accessibility index. It also verifies that there are spatial and statistical relationship between variables and 22% of RMD variability was jointly accounted for by SAM. Originality/value This research is first to investigates changes in retail property market variables through spatial accessibility measures of space syntax. It contributes to the burgeoning research field of real estate and Space Syntax.
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Ulanov, Vladimir Leonidovich, and Kirill Simonov. "When oilfield service companies enter developing economies: a new model for efficiency." Journal of Business Strategy 41, no. 5 (January 24, 2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-10-2019-0194.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the most effective operational model for oilfield service companies in developing markets (e.g. Russian market). It proposes the comparative analysis of oilfield service industry regulation in several developed and developing markets, specifies industry and interaction between energy and service companies and advises the effective operation model applicable to the Russian market. Design/methodology/approach This paper’s methodology is based on collecting information and generalizing the experience of international oilfield service companies in developed and developing markets, thus identifying types of service company’s operational models and factors that determine the choice of strategy and operational model in different countries and markets, as well as identifying the most effective model for the developing market (e.g. Russian market). Findings The paper provides the case study for operational models implementation and calculation of their financial effect. It suggests that the integrated operational model is the most effective solution in developing markets in the case of operational risks and financial effect. Research limitations/implications Because of the great number of segments, types of works and projects in international oilfield service industry, only the drilling segment was chosen as the analysis object. This segment is the key segment in oilfield sector with 35% global share of total oilfield works. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to study how oilfield service companies are able to increase profitability and decrease market access barriers using correct operational models that reflect different market specifics.
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Bernadt, Morris. "The English market model is not fit for export." International Psychiatry 8, no. 3 (August 2011): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s174936760000254x.
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Commissioning of health services has become an intensely political issue in the UK and there is no reason to believe that the conflicts that have arisen domestically would not be mirrored overseas. A key ideological issue in the UK concerns the relative merits of public and private provision of services. In their guest editorial in this issue, ‘Governance, choice and the global market for mental health’, Sugarman & Kakabadse take a particular ideological stance: they write on the one hand of commercial-style efficiency and on the other of monopoly state provision risking inefficiency and ineffectiveness. This perspective is addressed here.
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Nangia, V. K., Rajat Agarawal, Vinay Sharma, and K. Srinivasa Reddy. "Conglomerate diversification through cross-continent acquisition: Vedanta weds Cairn India." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111127430.
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Subject area corporate policy and strategy – mergers and acquisitions. Study level/applicability Post graduation (MBA and other management degrees). It includes courses on Strategic Management, Business Environment and International Business. Case overview Markets are becoming highly connective, accessible and communicative and reaching maturity at a very high phase. Acquisition is a choice to enhance the emerging and diversified markets. This case paper presents insights on Vedanta – Cairn India cross-border acquisition deal in Indian oil and exploration industry. This case synchronizes the gap between strategic planning and outcome of actions. The study exclusively evidences the reaction of stocks of all attached parties against acquisition announcement and compares with market performance. Expected learning outcomes Strategic mapping of business negotiations, while in-organic choices, further the impact of economic, political, legal and regulatory factors on cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A), deliberate deal financing mechanism and leadership diplomacy. It proposes from the viewpoint of corporate in-organic alternatives and to strengthen the upcoming research field of strategy & policy. Supplementary materials Global M&A market, shareholding pattern, income statement and balance sheet of Cairn India Ltd, financial figures of Vedanta Resources, tabular data on stock and index performance, deal structure and teaching note.
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Bampoh, Alex Aboagye, and Lawrence Damnyag. "Evaluation of non-market environmental services in smallholder forest plantations with choice experiments in Dormaa forest district, Ghana." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 8 (August 2020): 829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0291.
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Timber production is the focus of forest management in Ghana. Environmental services are scarcely factored into forest management plans. This may be due to a lack of understanding and estimation of the value of environmental services. Using choice modelling, this study attempts to fill the information gap. Non-market attributes of forest plantations were identified from literature and reconnaissance surveys. Conjoint analysis was employed to estimate the value of these attributes. Orthogonal design was used to generate different combinations of attribute levels into profiles. Respondents ranked the profiles from most to least preferred. The results show that water regulation was the most influential attribute in the ranking of choice profiles. Farmers were willing to accept US$114.30·ha−1·year−1 as compensation for improving environmental services. Findings on the non-market environmental services and socioeconomic characteristics of farmers can help forest managers better evaluate actions and policies to enhance forest management.
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Caraher, Martin, and John Coveney. "Public health nutrition and food policy." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 5 (August 2004): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003575.
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AbstractFood in its many manifestations allows us to explore the global control of health and to examine the ways in which food choice is moulded by many interests. The global food market is controlled by a small number of companies who operate a system that delivers ‘cheap’ food to the countries of the developed world. This ‘cheap’ food comes at a price, which externalises costs to the nation state in terms of health consequences (diabetes, coronary heart disease and other food-related diseases) and to the environment in terms of pollution and the associated clean-up strategies. Food policy has not to any great extent dealt with these issues, opting instead for an approach based on nutrition, food choice and biomedical health. Ignoring wider elements of the food system including issues of ecology and sustainability constrains a broader understanding within public health nutrition. Here we argue that public health nutrition, through the medium of health promotion, needs to address these wider issues of who controls the food supply, and thus the influences on the food chain and the food choices of the individual and communities. Such an upstream approach to food policy (one that has been learned from work on tobacco) is necessary if we are seriously to influence food choice.
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Lovreta, Stipe, Sinisa Milosevic, and Ljiljana Stankovic. "Competition policy and optimal retail network development in transitional economies." Ekonomski anali 58, no. 199 (2013): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1399057l.
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The choice of retail store location is a very complex process, with many different stakeholders having interests in both the micro and macro locations. The goal of this work is to contribute to the better understanding of the different interests of corporative and public policies in choosing retail store locations, in order to enable more efficient and effective trade network development. After having slowed down as a consequence of the global economic crisis, the retail sector is experiencing strong expansion in the markets of transitional countries. Insufficient engagement of public policy in planning trade networks can violate market competition. An active government role in carrying out the policy of retail network development in transitional countries is necessary to maintain the level of competition and prevent big market players abusing their dominant position.
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Tretyak, Vladimir, Maria Lyakina, and Elena Volkova. "The ways of business digitalization in global corporations." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 05027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219205027.
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Research background: Under the conditions of post-industrial economy, market subjects tend to use digital technologies more intensively. Many authors define digital technologies as innovation, describe possibilities of automatization and try to find out some limitations of smart technologies implementation. In this research, we consider that Industry 4.0 and digital technologies can transform traditional business model radically. That is why, it is very important to highlight the ways of digitalization in business and to justify the choice of the most effective smart technologies during the period of business transformation. Purpose of the article: to highlight the local ways of digitalization in global corporations and to discover the most effective ones among them. Methods: in this research, we run comparative analysis of new business models using recent articles in scientific journals and empirical evidence from open sources. Also, we use the results of expert assessments based on depth-in interviews. Findings & Value added: the most perspective ways of digitalization in global corporations are highlighted: digital automatization implementation, during which the existent process in traditional business model is digitized; new IT service appearance, that improves the traditional business model; digital transformation of traditional business model into the new one with a digital platform core. A visual model of monitoring the digitalization process within the company is proposed. It is proved that smart technologies can transform business model radically. These technologies affect the structure of companies’ supply and can change market structure (including global market) through active company strategy and behavior.
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Sjølie, Hanne K., Greg S. Latta, and Birger Solberg. "Potentials and costs of climate change mitigation in the Norwegian forest sector — Does choice of policy matter?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 6 (June 2013): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2012-0457.
Full textAbstract:
Forests are important contributors to the global carbon cycle and mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration and the supply of wood that substitutes for fossil fuels and greenhouse gas (GHG)-intensive building materials. However, current climate policies only partially credit forest carbon sequestration and bioenergy policies are handled independently of forestry. Using Norway as a case study, we analyze two sets of simulated carbon tax/subsidy policies, one crediting forest carbon sequestration while maintaining predetermined harvest levels and utilization of wood, and another targeting GHG fluxes in the entire forest industrial sector allowing harvest levels and wood markets to change in response to the policy. Results indicate that GHG emission reduction potentials differ substantially between the two policies, being several times higher for the latter than the former policy at a given carbon price. This suggests that (i) previous research efforts in Europe have not captured the full mitigation potential as they have not included adaptations in the harvest level and the wood market and (ii) climate policies should target GHG fluxes in the entire sector to utilize its potential contribution for mitigating climate change.
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Manne, Alan S., Richard G. Richels, and James A. Edmonds. "Market Exchange Rates Or Purchasing Power Parity: Does The Choice Make A Difference To The Climate Debate?" Climatic Change 71, no. 1-2 (July 2005): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-0470-4.
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Costea, Carmen, Larisa Mihoreanu, Alexandru Stefanescu, and Adrian Vasile. "Towards 2030 and more: Designing a sustainable Future." Annals of "Spiru Haret". Economic Series 16, no. 2 (July 7, 2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/16212.
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Global development is not only a strategy, a practice, or a process. It is also a perception linked to mental constructs and desiderates a place to reinvent living and doing business. No matter the topic of it – social, economic, environmental, the single approach will never be enough.Changes in global development issue aggressive challenges of competition and uncertainty for market, society and individuals at a local level which impact more widely than expected described by complex systems science as the “butterfly flapping” effect influencing development in all its dimensions. The change comes along with opportunities, risks and challenges, which influence both life and work.In the present paper, we combat the myth of “no choice” policy and sustain the recovery of the fundamental values by exploring new approaches to the relationship between governments, markets, society and environment.