Dissertations / Theses: 'Global-local analysi'

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Ahlbert, Gabriella. "Method Evaluation of Global-Local Finite Element Analysis." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Hållfasthetslära, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-78103.

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When doing finite element analysis upon the structure of Saab’s aeroplanes a coarse global model of mainly shell elements is used to determine the load distribution for sizing the structure. At some parts of the aeroplane it is however desirable to implement a more detailed analysis. These areas are usually modelled with solid elements; the problem of connecting the fine local solid elements to the coarse global model will shell elements then arises. This master thesis is preformed to investigate possible Global-Local methods to use for the structural analysis on Gripen. First a literature study of current methods on the market is made, thereafter a few methods are implemented on a generic test structure and later on also tested on a real detail of Gripen VU. The methods tested in this thesis are Mesh refinement in HyperWorks, RBE3 in HyperWorks, Glue in MSC Patran/Nastran and DMIG in MSC Nastran. The software is however not evaluated in this thesis, and a further investigation is recommended to find the most fitting software for this purpose. All analysis are performed with linear assumptions. Mesh refinement is an integrated technique where the elements are gradually decreasing in size. Per definition, this technique cannot handle gaps, but it has almost identical results to the fine reference model. RBE3 is a type of rigid body elements with zero stiffness, and is used as an interface element. RBE3 is possible to use to connect both Shell-To-Shell and Shell-To-Solid, and can handle offsets and gaps in the boundary between the global and local model. Glue is a contact definition and is also available in other software under other names. The global respectively the local model is defined as contact bodies and a contact table is used to control the coupling. Glue works for both Shell-To-Shell and Shell-To-Solid couplings, but has problem dealing with offsets and gaps in the boundary between the global and local model. DMIG is a superelement technique where the global model is divided into smaller sub-models which are mathematically connected. DMIG is only possible to use when the nodes on the boundary on the local model have the same position as the nodes at the boundary of the global model. Thus, it is not possible to only use DMIG as a Global-Local method, but can advantageously be combined with other methods. The results indicate that the preferable method to use for Global-Local analysis is RBE3. To decrease the size of the files and demand of computational power, RBE3 can be combined with a superelement technique, for example DMIG. Finally, it is important to consider the size of the local model. There will inevitably be boundary effect when performing a Global-Local analysis of the suggested type, and it is therefore important to make the local model big enough so that the boundary effects have faded before reaching the area of interest.

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Wagg, David Kenneth. "Local and global models for articulated motion analysis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/263222/.

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Vision is likely the most important of the senses employed by humans in understanding their environment, but computer systems are still sorely lacking in this respect. The number of potential applications for visually capable computer systems is huge; this thesis focuses on the field of motion capture, in particular dealing with the problems encountered when analysing the motion of articulated or jointed targets, such as people. Joint articulation greatly increases the complexity of a target object, and increases the incidence of self-occlusion (one body part obscuring another). These problems are compounded in typical outdoor scenes by the clutter and noise generated by other objects. This thesis presents a model-based approach to automated extraction of walking people from video data, under indoor and outdoor capture conditions. Local and global modelling strategies are employed in an iterative process, similar to the Generalised Expectation-Maximisation algorithm. Prior knowledge of human shape, gait motion and self-occlusion is used to guide this extraction process. The extracted shape and motion information is applied to construct a gait signature, sufficient for recognition purposes. Results are presented demonstrating the success of this approach on the Southampton Gait Database, comprising 4820 sequences from 115 subjects. A recognition rate of 98.6% is achieved on clean indoor data, comparing favourably with other published approaches. This recognition rate is reduced to 87.1% under the more difficult outdoor capture conditions. Additional analyses are presented examining the discriminative potential of model features. It is shown that the majority of discriminative potential is contained within body shape features and gait frequency, although motion dynamics also make a significant contribution.

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Vidussoni, Marco A. "Global-local finite element analysis of laminated composites." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45966.

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A Global-Local finite element approach was used to investigate the interlaminar stresses in laminated composite plates with a central circular hole. Detailed solutions were sought for the interlaminar normal stress distributions close to the free straight edge of the plate as well as around the edge of the hole. The Global model was analyzed as a two-dimensional problem. The displacements obtained a distance away from the regions of interest in the two-dimensional model were used as imposed boundary conditions to the three-dimensional models of the edges.

The results obtained were found to be accurate, thus demonstrating the validity and strength of the Global-Local technique. The results further concluded that for symmetric cross-ply laminated plates with large central circular holes, the interlaminar normal stresses at the free edges are affected to a small degree by the size of the hole.

The CSM Testbed and ANISAP were the two finite element analysis programs used throughout this investigation. The CSM Testbed element library was augmented with 16, 20, 24 and 32 node displacement formulation based elements which were implemented as Experimental elements.

Master of Science

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Belmonte, Romain. "Facial landmark detection with local and global motion modeling." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I066/document.

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La détection des points caractéristiques du visage est une tâche essentielle pour un grand nombre d’applications telles que l’analyse faciale (p. ex., identification, expression, reconstruction 3D), l’interaction homme-machine ou encore le multimédia (p. ex., recherche, indexation). Bien que de nombreuses approches aient été proposées, les performances en conditions non contrôlées ne sont toujours pas satisfaisantes. Les variations susceptibles d’impacter l’apparence du visage (p. ex., pose, expression, éclairage, occultation, flou cinétique) en font un problème encore difficile à résoudre. Dans cette thèse, une contribution est faite à la fois sur l’analyse des performances des approches actuelles mais aussi sur la modélisation de l’information temporelle pour la détection des points caractéristiques du visage basée sur la vidéo. Une étude expérimentale est réalisée à l’aide d’un jeu de données vidéo permettant d’évaluer l’impact des variations de pose et d’expression sur la détection des points caractéristiques. Cette évaluation permet notamment de mettre en évidence les poses et expressions posant le plus de difficultés. Elle permet également d’illustrer l’importance d’une modélisation temporelle capable de tenir compte efficacement de la nature dynamique du visage. L’accent est ensuite mis sur l’amélioration de la modélisation temporelle afin de considérer le mouvement local en plus du mouvement global. Plusieurs architectures sont conçues en s’appuyant sur les deux principaux modèles de la littérature : les réseaux de régression de coordonnées et les réseaux de régression de cartes de chaleur. Les expérimentations sur deux ensembles de données confirment que la modélisation du mouvement local améliore les résultats (p. ex. avec les expressions). Ces expérimentations sont étendues par une étude portant sur la complémentarité entre l’information spatiale et temporelle ainsi que le mouvement local et global dans le but d’améliorer la conception des architectures proposées. En exploitant davantage ces complémentarités, de meilleures performances, compétitives avec l’état de l’art, sont obtenues, et ce, malgré la simplicité des modèles proposés
Facial landmark detection is an essential task for a large number of applications such as facial analysis (e.g., identification, expression, 3D reconstruction), human-computer interaction or even multimedia (e.g., content indexing and retrieval). Although many approaches have been proposed, performance under uncontrolled conditions is still not satisfactory. The variations that may impact facial appearance (e.g., pose, expression, illumination, occlusion, motion blur) make it a difficult problem to solve. In this thesis, a contribution to both the analysis of the performance of current approaches and the modeling of temporal information for video-based facial landmark detection is made. An experimental study is conducted using a video dataset to measure the impact of pose and expression variations on landmark detection. This evaluation highlights the most difficult poses and expressions to handle. It also illustrates the importance of a suitable temporal modeling to benefit from the dynamic nature of the face. A focus is then placed on improving temporal modeling to ensure consideration of local motion in addition to global motion. Several architectures are designed based on the two main models from the literature: coordinate regression networks and heatmap regression networks. Experiments on two datasets confirm that local motion modeling improves results (e.g. in the presence of expressions). These experiments are extended with a study on the complementarity between spatial and temporal information as well as local and global motion to improve the design of the proposed architectures. By leveraging these complementarities more effectively, competitive performance with current state-of-the-art approaches is achieved, despite the simplicity of the proposed models

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Haryadi, Satish G. "Global/local analysis of laminated panels with cutouts and cracks." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-154538/.

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Petrides, Yanira Rosalba. "Corporate social responsibility reporting in Mexico : local and global dimensions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32737.

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This thesis investigates corporate social responsibility reporting in Mexico. It is built across three studies. First, we analysed the content and semantic properties of annual reports, sustainability reports and corporate websites of 73 Mexican and foreign companies operating in Mexico to describe the extent to which these companies disclose their corporate social responsibility. Second, with the data gathered in the first study, we built thirteen disclosure scores to explore whether corporate governance and corporate social responsibility reporting in annual reports can be seen as complementary mechanisms used by companies to enhance relations with stakeholders. Third, we conducted an in-depth case study of a Mexican company acquired by a multinational company; we analysed the sustainability reports and news items during the time prior to and after the purchase to investigate the changes in corporate social responsibility reporting as a result of the acquisition. Our study contributes to the scarce literature exploring corporate social responsibility reporting in Mexico and adds to the methodological research in the field by conducting a survey of corporate social responsibility reporting across industries and reporting media and by utilising a content analysis approach of considerable measurement detail. We provide empirical evidence to previous literature suggesting that foreign ownership may have a positive impact on themes of disclosure such as the environment, but have a negative impact on community. We also contribute to corporate social responsibility reporting research in the context of mergers and acquisitions, by providing empirical evidence which suggests that company responses in the form of corporate social responsibility disclosure to institutional pressures consider both stakeholders salience and business culture.

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Ragon, Scott Alan II. "Development of a Global/Local Approach and a Geometrically Non-linear Local Panel Analysis for Structural Design." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30761.

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A computationally efficient analysis capability for the geometrically non-linear response of compressively loaded prismatic plate structures was developed. Both a "full" finite strip solution procedure and a "reduced" solution procedure were implemented in a FORTRAN 90 computer code, and comparisons were made with results available in the technical literature. Both the full and reduced solution procedures were demonstrated to provide accurate results for displacement and strain quantities through moderately large post-buckling loads. The full method is a non-linear finite strip analysis of the semi-analytical, multi-term type. Individual finite strips are modeled as balanced and symmetric laminated composite materials which are assumed to behave orthotropically in bending, and the structure is loaded in uniaxial or biaxial compression. The loaded ends of the structure are assumed to be simply supported, and geometric shape imperfections may be modeled. The reduced solution method makes use of a reduced basis technique in conjunction with the full finite strip analysis. Here, the potentially large set of non-linear algebraic equations produced by the finite strip method are replaced by a small set of system equations. In the present implementation, the basis vectors consist of successive derivatives of the non-linear solution vector with respect to a loading parameter. Depending on the nature of the problem, the reduced solution procedure is capable of computational savings of up to 60%+ compared to the full finite strip method. The reduced method is most effective in reducing the computational cost of the full method when the most significant portion of the cost of the full method is factorization of the assembled system matrices. The robustness and efficiency of the reduced solution procedure was found to be sensitive to the user specified error norm which is used during the reduced solution procedure to determine when to generate new sets of basis vectors. In parallel with this effort, a new method for performing global/local design optimization of large complex structures (such as aircraft wings or fuselages) was developed. A simple and flexible interface between the global and local design levels was constructed using response surface methodology. The interface is constructed so as to minimize the changes required in either the global design code or the local design codes(s). Proper coupling is maintained between the global and local design levels via a "weight constraint" and the transfer of global stiffness information to the local level. The method was verified using a simple isotropic global wing model and the local panel design code PASCO.
Ph. D.

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Xu, Xin. "MODULAR FAST DIRECT ANALYSIS USING NON-RADIATING LOCAL-GLOBAL SOLUTION MODES." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/690.

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This dissertation proposes a modular fast direct (MFD) analysis method for a class of problems involving a large fixed platform region and a smaller, variable design region. A modular solution algorithm is obtained by first decomposing the problem geometry into platform and design regions. The two regions are effectively detached from one another using basic equivalence concepts. Equivalence principles allow the total system model to be constructed in terms of independent interaction modules associated with the platform and design regions. These modules include interactions with the equivalent surface that bounds the design region. This dissertation discusses how to analyze (fill and factor) each of these modules separately and how to subsequently compose the solution to the original system using the separately analyzed modules. The focus of this effort is on surface integral equation formulations of electromagnetic scattering from conductors and dielectrics. In order to treat large problems, it is necessary to work with sparse representations of the underlying system matrix and other, related matrices. Fortunately, a number of such representations are available. In the following, we will primarily use the adaptive cross approximation (ACA) to fill the multilevel simply sparse method (MLSSM) representation of the system matrix. The MLSSM provides a sparse representation that is similar to the multilevel fast multipole method. Solutions to the linear systems obtained using the modular analysis strategies described above are obtained using direct methods based on the local-global solution (LOGOS) method. In particular, the LOGOS factorization provides a data sparse factorization of the MLSSM representation of the system matrix. In addition, the LOGOS solver also provides an approximate sparse factorization of the inverse of the system matrix. The availability of the inverse eases the development of the MFD method. Because the behavior of the LOGOS factorization is critical to the development of the proposed MFD method, a significant part of this dissertation is devoted to providing additional analyses, improvements, and characterizations of LOGOS-based direct solution methods. These further developments of the LOGOS factorization algorithms and their application to the development of the MFD method comprise the most significant contributions of this dissertation.

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Castillo, Guevara Ramon D. "Coordination of Local and Global Features: Fractal Patterns in a Categorization Task." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1321372828.

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Alsabt, Danah. "Global vs. Local – Marketing and Advertising Strategies to Promote ‘Brand’ Kuwait." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2880.

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The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine the development and promotion of local brands in Kuwait, to understand the cultural practices used to create their branding, and how they compete with global brands within the competitive marketplace. Specifically, the study looks into the brands of Kuwait and the need to be self-reliant and self-sufficient to generate incomes within the country and achieve national competency. The Western brands influence the local brands and sometimes squashing them by transitioning from global to local brands. The Covid-19 has also sparked the need for supporting local brands and the national economy, as evident in the way countries are gradually transitioning their business practices. Therefore, the author provides an understanding of how locals use the cultural identity theory for their owned brands and shift the perception of consumers to try, use, and support local brands. Furthermore, the author analyzes the digital marketing strategies applied by local and global brands in achieving effective communications by promoting their brand image to Kuwait and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region.

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Taylor, Christopher P. "A Security Framework for Logic Locking Through Local and Global Structural Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587681912604658.

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Panizza, Matteo. "FRP strengthening of masonry arches: analysis of local mechanisms and global behaviour." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427075.

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In the last two decades, FRP (Fibre-Reinforced Polymers) composite materials have been adopted for strengthening and repair of both modern and historic masonry constructions (buildings, bridges, towers) and structural components (walls, arches and vaults, piers and columns). Strengthening of masonry brick arches and vaults with FRP laminates can contribute significantly in the improvement of their structural capacity at a limit state, by activating local mechanisms both at material and interface levels, but also modifies the collapse mechanisms of the original structures, as the reinforcement prevents the typical brittle failure due to the formation of hinge-mechanisms. Despite the increasing number of specific studies on FRP reinforcement of masonry structures, investigations are still limited if compared to reinforced concrete applications. Moreover, few codes and recommendations are currently available. Starting from these points, the present work deals with experimental investigations on three local mechanisms involved by the collapse of FRP-reinforced masonry arches: the interface behaviour in the case of stresses normal to the surface (FRP detachment observed in structures with intrados reinforcement) has been investigated through the execution of a large number of combined tests on solid clay bricks (flexural, compressive, splitting and pull-off tests) aimed at experimentally calibrate possible correlations among the corresponding strength parameters and to observed possible influences of the fibres type and the presence of primer on the pull-off behaviour; the bond behaviour has been investigated by performing ten Double-lap Shear Tests on solid clay bricks, aimed at calibrating fracture energy value and bond-slip law for both carbon FRP and glass FRP reinforcement (moreover, a simple exponential-based bond-slip law has been proposed); the mixed-mode behaviour (fourteen tested samples) has been investigated by adapting a test setup developed for FRP applications on reinforced concrete, known as V-shape Peel Test, to clay substrate, in order to reproduce on a local scale the conditions related to the shear sliding failure of arches with extrados reinforcement. Finally, several case studies, concerning real-scale or scaled brick masonry arches and vaults reinforced at their intrados or extrados, have been collected from literature in order to compare the experimental results to the available interpretative models of the global behaviour of the structure at failure.
Negli ultimi due decenni, i materiali compositi FRP (Fibre-Reinforced Polymers) sono stati adottati anche nel rinforzo di costruzioni murarie sia moderne sia antiche (edifici, ponti, torri), nonché di vari elementi strutturali (pareti, archi e volte, pile e colonne). Il rinforzo di archi e volte in muratura con FRP può contribuire in modo significativo a migliorare la loro portanza in stato limite, attivando meccanismi locali a livello di materiali e interfaccia, ma comporta anche un cambiamento dei meccanismi di collasso della struttura originale, dal momento che il rinforzo impedisce la tipica rottura fragile causata dalla formazione di meccanismi a cerniera. Nonostante un crescente numero di studi riguardanti il rinforzo di strutture murarie con FRP, le indagini sono tuttavia ancora limitate, se confrontate con applicazioni su calcestruzzo armato. Inoltre, pochi codici e raccomandazioni sono attualmente disponibili. Partendo da questi punti, il presente lavoro affronta l'indagine sperimentale di tre meccanismi locali coinvolti nel collasso di archi rinforzati con FRP: il comportamento dell’interfaccia nel caso di tensioni normali alla superficie (distacco del composito osservato in strutture rinforzate all’intradosso) è stato investigato mediante l’esecuzione di un ampio numero di prove combinate eseguite su mattoni pieni in laterizio (prove a flessione, compressione, trazione indiretta e pull-off), allo scopo di calibrare sperimentalmente eventuali correlazioni fra i relativi parametri di resistenza e di osservare eventuali influenze del tipo di fibra e della presenza del primer sul comportamento nella prova di pull-off; il comportamento nel caso di azioni tangenziali è stato studiato mediante l’esecuzione di dieci Double-lap Shear Tests su mattoni pieni in laterizio, al fine di calibrare energia di frattura e legge bond-slip per rinforzo in fibra di carbonio e fibra di vetro (inoltre, è stata proposta una semplice legge bond-slip); il comportamento nel caso di azioni miste (quattordici prove eseguite) è stato investigato mediante l’adattamento di una prova sviluppata per applicazioni di FRP su calcestruzzo armato, nota come V-shape Peel Test, a mattoni in laterizio usati come substrato, allo scopo di riprodurre a scala locale le condizioni relative allo scorrimento a taglio sul giunto di archi con rinforzo estradossale. Infine, vari casi studio, riguardanti archi e volte in muratura, a dimensioni reali oppure scalate, sono stati raccolti da letteratura al fine di comparare i risultati sperimentali con i modelli interpretativi del comportamento globale della struttura a collasso attualmente disponibili.

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Islam, Mohammad Majharul. "Global-local Finite Element Fracture Analysis of Curvilinearly Stiffened Panels and Adhesive Joints." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38687.

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Global-local finite element analyses were used to study the damage tolerance of curvilinearly stiffened panels; fabricated using the modern additive manufacturing process, the so-called unitized structures, and that of adhesive joints. A damage tolerance study of the unitized structures requires cracks to be defined in the vicinity of the critical stress zone. With the damage tolerance study of unitized structures as the focus, responses of curvilinearly stiffened panels to the combined shear and compression loadings were studied for different stiffenersâ height. It was observed that the magnitude of the minimum principal stress in the panel was larger than the magnitudes of the maximum principal and von Mises stresses. It was also observed that the critical buckling load factor increased significantly with the increase of stiffenersâ height. To study the damage tolerance of curvilinearly stiffened panels, in the first step, buckling analysis of panels was performed to determine whether panels satisfied the buckling constraint. In the second step, stress distributions of the panel were analyzed to determine the location of the critical stress under the combined shear and compression loadings. Then, the fracture analysis of the curvilinearly stiffened panel with a crack of size 1.45 mm defined at the location of the critical stress, which was the common location with the maximum magnitude of the principal stresses and von Mises stress, was performed under combined shear and tensile loadings. This crack size was used because of the requirement of a sufficiently small crack, if the crack is in the vicinity of any stress raiser. A mesh sensitivity analysis was performed to validate the choice of the mesh density near the crack tip. All analyses were performed using global-local finite element method using MSC. Marc, and global finite element methods using MSC. Marc and ABAQUS. Negligible difference in results and 94% saving in the CPU time was achieved using the global-local finite element method over the global finite element method by using a mesh density of 8.4 element/mm ahead of the crack tip. To study the influence of different loads on basic modes of fracture, the shear and normal (tensile) loads were varied differently. It was observed that the case with the fixed shear load but variable normal loads and the case with the fixed normal load but variable shear loads were Mode-I. Under the maximum combined loading condition, the largest effective stress intensity factor was very smaller than the critical stress intensity factor. Therefore, considering the critical stress intensity factor of the panel with the crack of size 1.45 mm, the design of the stiffened panel was an optimum design satisfying damage tolerance constraints. To acquire the trends in stress intensity factors for different crack lengths under different loadings, fracture analyses of curvilinearly stiffened panels with different crack lengths were performed by using a global-local finite element method under three different load cases: a) a shear load, b) a normal load, and c) a combined shear and normal loads. It was observed that 85% data storage space and the same amount in CPU time requirement could be saved using global-local finite element method compared to the standard global finite element analysis. It was also observed that the fracture mode in panels with different crack lengths was essentially Mode-I under the normal load case; Mode-II under the shear load case; and again Mode-I under the combined load case. Under the combined loading condition, the largest effective stress intensity factor of the panel with a crack of recommended size, if the crack is not in the vicinity of any stress raiser, was very smaller than the critical stress intensity factor. This work also includes the performance evaluation of adhesive joints of two different materials. This research was motivated by our experience of an adhesive joint failure on a test-fixture that we used to experimentally validate the design of stiffened panels under a compression-shear load. In the test-fixture, steel tabs were adhesively bonded to an aluminum panel and this adhesive joint debonded before design loads on the test panel were fully applied. Therefore, the requirement of studying behavior of adhesive joints for assembling dissimilar materials was found to be necessary. To determine the failure load responsible for debonding of adhesive joints of two dissimilar materials, stress distributions in adhesive joints of the nonlinear finite element model of the test-fixture were studied under a gradually increasing compression-shear load. Since the design of the combined load test fixture was for transferring the in-plane shear and compression loads to the panel, in-plane loads might have been responsible for the debonding of the steel tabs, which was similar to the results obtained from the nonlinear finite element analysis of the combined load test fixture. Then, fundamental studies were performed on the three-dimensional finite element models of adhesive lap joints and the Asymmetric Double Cantilever Beam (ADCB) joints for shear and peel deformations subjected to a loading similar to the in-plane loading conditions in the test-fixtures. The analysis was performed using ABAQUS, and the cohesive zone modeling was used to study the debonding growth. It was observed that the stronger adhesive joints could be obtained using the tougher adhesive and thicker adherends. The effect of end constraints on the fracture resistance of the ADCB specimen under compression was also investigated. The numerical observations showed that the delamination for the fixed end ADCB joints was more gradual than for the free end ADCB joints. Finally, both the crack propagation and the characteristics of adhesive joints were studied using a global-local finite element method. Three cases were studied using the proposed global-local finite element method: a) adhesively bonded Double Cantilever Beam (DCB), b) an adhesive lap joint, and c) a three-point bending test specimen. Using global-local methods, in a crack propagation problem of an adhesively bonded DCB, more than 80% data storage space and more than 65% CPU time requirement could be saved. In the adhesive lap joints, around 70% data storage space and 70% CPU time requirement could be saved using the global-local method. For the three-point bending test specimen case, more than 90% for both data storage space and CPU time requirement could be saved using the global-local method.
Ph. D.

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Lykes, Valerie A. "Local environmental attitudes, global environmental attitudes, and religion| An analysis in 47 nations." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10126141.

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Religion as culture shapes the worldview of its subscribers and thence attitude formation and preferences of individuals towards many topics including the environment. Research interest in the impact of religion soared in the late 1960s, in response to White's (1967) article in Science claiming that a huge burden of guilt for the environment crisis rested on the shoulders of Christianity. Although this Dominion Hypothesis highlights the contrast between Christianity and other religions, the contrast has not been addressed in systematic comparative cross-national research assessing whether Christians hold more negative environmental attitudes than other world religions. This dissertation fills that research gap. The Dominion Hypothesis does not exhaust the potential impacts of religion on environmentalism. For example, social psychology posits the importance of experience as well as of culture on attitudes about matters one encounters directly, so the dissertation posits the Direct Experience Hypothesis and confirms the differentiation of local from global environmental attitudes. Moreover, social psychology also directs our attention to the Reverence Hypothesis, that a subjective side effect of religiosity is reverence and responsibility for nature. To address the Dominion Hypothesis that Christians hold less environmentalist attitudes than their peers in other religious traditions, the direct experience effect, and the Reverence Hypothesis, this dissertation includes descriptive analysis, psychometric scale evaluations, OLS regression, and multilevel modeling of data from the pooled World Values Survey/European Values Survey. Findings are mixed on the Dominion Hypothesis, but consistently support the Direct Experience and Reverence Hypotheses.

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Chen, Wei-Ju. "Transforming the global in local magazines : a multimodal analysis of the Chinese Rayli." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/99701/.

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In this thesis I study the changing linguistic and visual representations of women at work in the content of the Chinese women's magazine Rayli over a 17-year period. Since China's entry into the WTO in 2001, the Chinese magazine industry has been through dramatic changes partly driven by international titles and franchises being introduced into China from global publishers. Rayli, launched with a licensing agreement with a Japanese partner, is one such example. One question that is raised by scholars about such processes is the way that both western media models become disseminated into new territories and the extent to which these must be localised and adapted to local cultures. So, what is the relationship between traditional local values and advertising lead culture of consumer capitalism? There have in fact been no such studies of Chinese magazines and studies on global/local media of this nature have tended to be more theoretical and used not so clearly defined notions of 'local cultural values'. More recently, scholars have argued that more detailed empirical work is required to throw light on these processes, especially as they apply to specific contexts. The thesis seeks to offer one small yet important contribution in looking for ways such global and local interactions can be clearly defined and identified in the case of a lifestyle magazine. In order to do this, the thesis draws on analytical tools from Critical Discourse Analysis and Multimodality to empirically identify details of the ways that the content of Rayli has been shifting. This approach provides a highly useful set of tools that allows me to point to the specific details of how participants are represented, what they are represented as doing and in which settings they are seen. It allows me to draw out what kinds of ideas, values and priorities the woman held over time. It also allows me to look at the stylistic choices in design over time, such as the use of image types, typeface, colour and composition. In each case, I identify the way that more global forms of representation and design styles interact with both those that are more local and those that are specifically Japanese, coming from Rayli’s parent company. While much of the analysis in the thesis is concerned with changes in Rayli magazine itself, I also make a comparison to the Chinese version of Cosmopolitan magazine. It is through comparing the current Rayli with its former versions and with a US influenced magazine that I assess if, where and how the discourse of women at work have changed. The interpretation of the data is supported with results from interviews carried out with staff at these two titles. The thesis finds shifts in linguistic and visual representations and in design over the 17-year period. The results point to a complex cultural exchange and transformations of what might be thought of as ‘local’ and the international. Gradually, the discourse of women at work in Rayli has been shaped in the neo-capitalist global order and has become intensely mixed up with the sphere of women's libidinal, fantasies and glamour, which lead to the sphere of consumption. This is however achieved by transforming and repacking foreign values and ideas under the mask of local identities, and vice versa, as well as recreating and converting local identities in relation to exterior cultures. A heterogeneous communicative method to (re)produce identity and culture has been created in Rayli.

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Coetzee, Zandereen. "Global versus local brands in South Africa: an empirical analysis of consumer perceptions." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31537.

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Global brands are increasingly expanding their footprint to developing countries, due to the promising opportunities that these countries hold; and as such, consumers are faced with the decision between global and local brands. In South Africa too, there has been an influx of global brands, which has placed pressure on the local retail landscape. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in perception among millennial consumers in South Africa between a global and a local fashion retail brand. Millennials are considered to be individuals born between the early 1980s and late 1990s. To understand consumers’ decision making process between global and local brands, the signaling theory was applied. The signaling theory is typically used to describe behaviour when multiple parties have access to different information – in this case it relates to consumers having access to the different signals sent out by both global and local brands. In addition to the signaling theory, the brand-analysis model was employed to measure these perceptions relating to brand-specific associations (perceived quality and emotional value), general brand impression (brand awareness and brand image) and brand commitment (brand loyalty and purchase intention). Therefore, the objectives and hypotheses for this study were directly derived from each of the brand-analysis constructs mentioned above. It is understood that researchers have not used the signaling theory and brand analysis model together. This study also considers them independently, however the brand analysis constructs are used as signals between brands and consumers. Using the two retail brands, H&M (global) and Mr Price (local) as stimuli, the data were collected through an online questionnaire. A non-probability sampling technique was implemented, which achieved a total sample size of n=263. The target population consisted of millennial consumers in South Africa, due to the significant spending power of this cohort. The findings were three-fold. Firstly, the hypotheses tests indicated that there are differences in consumer perception relating to each of the brand-analysis constructs, with higher ratings towards the global brand for perceived quality, emotional value, brand image, brand loyalty, and purchase intention. Local brands, however, appear to enjoy higher levels of brand awareness. Secondly, in order to gain deeper insights into these perceptions, this study also compared the difference in perceptions among the demographic subgroups. In contrast to the overall preference for global brands, certain groups, such as those with lower income levels and lower levels of education, had higher ratings for the local brand in terms of perceived quality, emotional value, brand loyalty and purchase intention. Lastly, the strength of the relationships between constructs was measured; and this showed that, for both brands, positive relationships exist among all of the brand-analysis constructs – with varying strength levels. The academic contributions of this study are as follows: In general, brand management literature in developing countries has been neglected. Previous research has shown that there are differences in brand perception between consumers from developed and those from developing countries. This study therefore aimed to add to the literature, not only towards a typical developing country, but towards a hybrid country, namely South Africa. In addition, the brand-analysis model and the signaling theory used in this study, serve as a basis for future research aiming to evaluate consumer choice. Practical contributions include the following: The findings yielded significant insights into the aspects to be emphasised by global and local brands, in order to be successful in capturing and maintaining the desire of consumers to purchase and use their brands. Thus, the findings provide an understanding of the drivers of global and local brand purchases for marketing practitioners – to improve or adjust their marketing strategies. On the basis of these findings, local brands are advised to invest in expanding their presence in other countries, and to advertise this as a signal of quality. Another strategy for local brands is to emphasise their authenticity and pride in the local culture as a signal of a deep connectedness with the local market. Global brands on the other hand, are advised to advertise their worldwide availability and acceptance as a signal of quality and prestige, and to offer an opportunity for consumers to be part of the global-consumer culture.

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Cusimano, Alessandro. "The effectiveness of local development programs in southern Italy : a global counterfactual analysis." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/61016/.

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The objective of the thesis is to realize an empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of Territorial Integrated Projects. The policy was designed to implement the 2000-2006 EU Regional Operational Plans and was based upon the combination and integration of different interventions concerning infrastructures, aid schemes and other networking and system actions. Our objective is to realize a global analysis that aims at determining the policy effectiveness both at a territorial and at a firm level with the respect to Sicily. After an introductory chapter in which we present the characteristics of the policy under investigation, we devote the second chapter to the discussion of the methodological techniques mostly used in literature including some of the forefront methods recently developed in the Econometrics of program evaluation. In chapter 3 we realize an empirical analysis at a firm level on the effectiveness of the aid schemes provided by the program. Through the use of the Matching difference in differences methodology we provide evidence of the policy effectiveness with respect to employment and sales while a weak or null effect is found with respect to other profitability and productivity measures. In chapter 4 we investigate whether the better performance of treated firms depends on the success of the policy or is influenced by the selection process which has favoured the firms being ex-ante in better conditions (basically picking the winners). The study is carried out by considering a subsample of firms, operating in Sicily, which in a first stage of the program had been selected as beneficiaries of the subsidies provided by TIPs, but that at a second stage have not been financed. We implement an empirical analysis in which we aim at identifying the effect of the selection process on the economic performance of firms. We find evidence of a selection bias effect and we propose different interpretations of this phenomenon. In chapter 5 we realize an empirical evaluation on the effectiveness of the policy at a territorial level by looking at the municipalities that were selected as beneficiaries of the infrastructural interventions provided by the program. The focus is in a first stage of the analysis on the effectiveness of the whole set of infrastructural interventions. In a second stage, considering that many interventions intended to increase the touristic attractiveness of the areas involved, we look at the effects of the program on specific outcome measures directly related to the touristic sector. We find a weak effect of the touristic interventions while the policy looks strongly effective when the analysis is extended to the whole set of infrastructural interventions. In addition we estimate a dose-response function that aims to link the amount of public aids received by the involved municipalities with their economic performance. We find an inverse U-shaped dose-response function that highlights how, in terms of financial dimension, the intermediate projects seem to be the most appropriate. To the best of our knowledge this work constitutes the first attempt of a quantitative ex-post evaluation of the success of TIPs. In addition this program gives us the possibility of referring to different units of analysis. Since literature has showed that contrasting results can be obtained by analyzing the effects of a program at different levels, our contribution at this extent looks quite useful. Finally we aim to include our work within the most recent literature that tries to go over the binary division between treated and control units through the estimation of a dose-response function that takes into account the different amounts of public funds received by the beneficiaries.

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18

Almeida, Fernanda de. "Entre o local e o global : a rede do Forum Social Mundial." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279461.

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Orientador: Thomas Patrick Dwyer
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T07:29:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_Fernandade_M.pdf: 2533063 bytes, checksum: 3f592139e58206d9bc97868396ea45bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Observando o Fórum Social Mundial (FSM) como um sujeito político que se utiliza da lógica das redes sociais para se organizar, a presente pesquisa procurou analisar sua rede lançando mão das ferramentas de Análise de Redes Sociais, de modo a melhor perceber os entraves à relação entre o local e o global intrínseco ao FSM, procurando respostas sobre os motivos para que grandes redes globais se fragmentem em redes locais, regionais ou nacionais. A hipótese que norteou essa pesquisa sugeria a existência de uma combinação entre dois elementos que conduziam à fragmentação nas redes globais, e que, permitiriam que a mesma assumisse um caráter local, mas se relacionasse globalmente com as demais. Desta forma as agendas temáticas e as movimentações do FSM via fóruns regionais e temáticos foram problematizadas a partir da relação local/global e permitiram constatar um padrão de relacionamento estruturador das relações na "sociedade civil global". Finalmente, através da operacionalização dos conceitos de "flexibilização" e "tradução" nas agendas das organizações que compõem a rede do FSM percebeu-se um movimento de fragmentação espontânea do Fórum assegurando assim a sua continuidade e não a extinção, como se acreditava inicialmente. Esse movimento foi, portanto, confirmado com a observância de um processo de reprodução e constante adequação de agendas e contextos de modo a envolver a sociedade civil sob bandeiras de trabalho aproximadas entre si, sugerido quase como uma reprodução do mesmo em distintas escalas.
Abstract: By observing the World Social Forum (WSF) as a political entity that uses the social network logic to organize itself, this research sought to analyze its network by employing Social Networks Analysis tools in order to better understand the barriers imposed to the relationship between the local and global aspects intrinsic to the WSF, searching for answers to the reasons for which large global networks are fragmented in local, regional or national ones. The hypothesis that guided this research suggested the existence of a combination of two factors leading to the fragmentation of global networks and that consequently would allow them to assume a local character, yet globally dealing with their counterparts. Bearing that in mind, both the thematic agenda and the movements of the WSF over regional forums were problematized from the perspective of a local/global relationship, enabling the establishment of a pattern that structures the relations in the "global civil society." Finally, a spontaneous fragmentation movement of the Forum was observed through the operation of the "flexibility" and "translation" concepts on the agenda of the organizations that comprise the WSF, thus ensuring its continuity rather than its extinction, opposing previous belief. This movement was thus confirmed through the observation of a reproduction process and a constant adaptation of the agenda and its contexts such that the the civil society is embraced in closely related ideas of action, mostly suggesting a reproduction of the same in different scales.
Mestrado
Cultura e Politica
Mestre em Ciência Política

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19

Georgiou, Kyriakos V. "Analysis and numerics for the local and global dynamics of periodically forced nonlinear pendula." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842943/.

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This thesis involves the analysis of four classes of nonlinear oscillators. We investigate a damped planar pendulum subject to vertical sinusoidal displacement of appropriate amplitude and frequency, a Hamiltonian planar pendulum with support point oscillating in the vertical direction, a forced spherical pendulum as a constrained dynamical system and a spinning double pendulum with the two masses oscillating in transversal planes. The motivation for this research was to understand and determine the fundamental dynamical properties of the four model systems. For this purpose analytical and numerical tools have been employed. Linearization, phase portraits, Poincare sections, basins of attraction, KAM theory, Lyapunov exponents and normal form theory have been considered as examples. For the damped planar pendulum a rigorous analysis is presented in order to show that, in the presence of friction, the upward equilibrium position becomes asymptotically stable. Furthermore, using numerical tools, the dynamics of the system far from its equilibrium points is systematically investigated. For the undamped and parametrically perturbed planar pendulum, we use KAM type arguments to rigorously prove the stability of the equilibrium point corresponding to the upside-down position. For the spherical pendulum a numerical framework is developed, which allows orbits to explore the entire sphere. We show that the qualitative change in the Poincare sections from regular to chaotic behaviour is in excellent qualitative agreement with corresponding computations of the Lyapunov exponents. Finally we study the dynamics of the spinning double pendulum by using normal form theory. We have identified the regions in physical parameter space where a codimension-two singularity occurs. An algorithm for the Cushman-Sanders normal form is constructed and analyzed. A representative model for the truncated normal form is presented.

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Palumbo, Milena. "A comparative analysis of global-local processing in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus Apella) and humans." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42816.

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Humans display a global advantage when presented with hierarchical visual patterns. Conversely, capuchin monkeys show a strong local advantage. In the present work, three studies have been carried out using a Matching-to-Sample procedure in order to clarify the conditions under which global or local advantage occurs in capuchin monkeys and humans. The first study was addressed to understand the role played by stimulus redundancy on global-local processing. This study proved that both species can benefit from stimulus redundancy in processing hierarchical stimuli. Furthermore, it revealed that capuchins’ local advantage persists when the grouping requirements occur also at local level. The second study was addressed to understand whether or not inducing an attention bias towards either level of stimulus structure can affect global-local processing. Attentional bias was manipulated using tasks where the proportion of trials requiring global or local processing varied between conditions. Monkeys displayed a local advantage in the local-bias condition but a global advantage in the global-bias condition. Humans exhibited an effect of attentional bias on the processing speed of global-local trials across conditions. The third study was addressed to understand the effect of spatial frequencies processing on global-local processing. The first experiment was addressed to clarify which spatial frequencies could be adopted. The second experiment was designed to assess whether attention allocation to different spatial frequencies (high or low) can affect global-local processing. Both species displayed an effect of spatial frequencies processing on global-local processing. However, this effect was confined to local trials only and occurred under different conditions in the two species. Overall, the results of the present work indicate that attention plays a particularly important role in capuchin monkeys’ visual cognition and are discussed in relation to the extent to which they can explain the observed differences between monkeys and humans in their global-local processing.

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Shahriari, Mana. "Hierarchical scene categorization : exploiting fused local & global features and outdoor & indoor information." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67947.

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Récemment, le problème de la compréhension de l’image a été l’objet de beaucoup d’attentions dans la littérature. La catégorisation de scène peut être vue comme un sous-ensemble de la compréhension d’image utilisée pour donner un contexte à la compréhension d’image ainsi qu’à la reconnaissance d’objet afin de faciliter ces tâches. Dans cette thèse, nous revisitons les idées classiques de la catégorisation des scènes à la lumière des approches modernes. Le modèle proposé s’inspire considérablement de la façon dont le système visuel humain comprend et perçoit son environnement. À cet égard, je soute qu’ajouter un niveau de classificateur extérieur – intérieur combiné à des caractéristiques globales et locales de scène permet d’atteindre une performance de pointe. Ainsi, un tel modèle requiert ces deux éléments afin de gérer une grande variété d’éclairage et points de vue ainsi que des objets occultés à l’intérieur des scènes. Le modèle que je propose est un cadre hiérarchique en deux étapes qui comprend un classificateur extérieur – intérieur à son stade initial et un modèle de scène contextuelle au stade final. Je monte ensuite que les fonctionnalités locales introduites, combinées aux caractéristiques globales, produisent des caractéristiques de scène plus stables. Par conséquent, les deux sont des ingrédients d’un modèle de scène. Les caractéristiques de texture des scène extérieures agissent comme caractéristique locale, tandis que leur apparence spatiale agit comme caractéristique globale. Dans les scènes d’intérieur, les caractéristiques locales capturent des informations détaillées sur les objets alors que les caractéristiques globales représentent l’arrière-plan et le contexte de la scène. Enfin, je confirme que le modèle présenté est capable de fournir des performances de pointe sur trois jeux de données de scène qui sont des standards de facto; 15 – Scene Category, 67 –Indoor Scenes, et SUN 397.
Recently the problem of image understanding has drawn lots of attention in the literature. Scene categorization can be seen as a subset of image understanding utilized to give context to image understanding also to object recognition in order to ease these tasks. In this thesis, I revisit the classical ideas, model driven approaches, in scene categorization in the light of modern approaches, data driven approaches. The proposed model is greatly inspired by human visual system in understanding and perceiving its environment. In this regard, I argue that adding a level of outdoor – indoor classifier combined with global and local scene features, would reach to the state-of-the-art performance. Thus, such a model requires both of these elements in order to handle wide variety of illumination and viewpoint as well as occluded objects within scenes. The proposed model is a two-stage hierarchical model which features an outdoor – indoor classifier at its initial stage and a contextual scene model at its final stage. I later show that the introduced local features combined with global features produce more stable scene features, hence both are essential components of a scene model. Texture-like characteristics of outdoor scenes act as local feature meanwhile their spatial appearance act as the global feature. In indoor scenes, local features capture detailed information on objects, while global features represent background and the context of the scene. Finally, I have confirmed that the presented model is capable of delivering state-of-the-art performance on 15 – Scene Category, 67 – Indoor Scenes, and SUN 397, three de-facto standard scene datasets

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22

Amara, Mahfoud. "Global sport and local modernity : the case of 'professionalisation' of football in Algeria." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6967.

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Illengo, Marco. "Analyse diophantienne et groupes linéaires." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13607.

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La première partie de cette thèse est inspirée d'un travail de Dvornicich et Zannier et cherche à connaître un "principe de divisibilité locale-globale" sur les tores algèbriques. Dvornicich et Zallier ont montré que, étant donné un nombre premier p, pour tout n < max {3,2(p - 1)} le principe ci-dessus vaut, mais que pour tout n ≥ p4 - p2 + 1 on trouve des contre-exemples. Dans leur preuve ils réduisent le problème à une certaine condition en termes de cohomologie de groupes : un p-groupe de matrices entières agissant sur un Fp-espace vectoriel. En suivant leur approche, dans cette thèse nous montrons que le principe de divisibilité locale-globale vaut pour chaque premier p ≠ 2 et chaque tore de dimension n < 3(p - 1). Nous montrons aussi que pour p ≠ 2 et n ≥ 3(p - 1) il existe au moins un tore qui ne jouit pas de ce principe. La deuxième partie de cette thèse est le résultat d'une collaboration avec Bilu et est inspirée de son travail sur l'effectivité du théorème de Siegel, c'est à dire sur la recherche des bornes du haut sur la taille des points S-entiers d'une courbe algèbrique "Siegelienne". Bilu a démontré un théorème de Siegel effectif pour certaines classes de courbes modulaires, c'est à dire pour (Xgamma, j) quand gamma est l'un des sous-groupes classiques gamma (N), gamma1 (N), gamma0 (N), pourvu que la paire correspondante (Xgamma,,j) soit Siegelienne. Dans cette thèse nous démontrons un théorème de Siegel effectif pour (Xgamma,,j) quan gamma est "presque quelconque" sous-groupe de congruence. Dans le niveau puissance d'un premier notre résultat est presque le meilleur possible : nos méthodes couvrent tous les cas sauf un, à équivalence près. Dans le cas général nous démontrons un théorème de Siegel effectif pour toute paire Siegelienne (Xgamma,,j), pourvu que le niveau de gamma ne divise pas un certain entier.

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Del, Guercio Gerardo. "Optimal streaks amplification in wakes and vortex shedding control." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/12244/1/Del_Guercio.pdf.

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We compute optimal energy growths leading to streamwise streaks in parallel, weakly non-parallel and the circular cylinder wakes. We find that very large energy amplifications can be sustained by these wakes. The energy amplifications increase with the spanwise wavelength of the perturbations except in the circular cylinder wake where maximum energy growths are reached for λz ≈ 5 − 7 D. The optimally amplified structures are streamwise streaks. When forced with finite amplitudes these streaks are shown, in parallel wakes, to be able to completely suppress the absolute instability. The global instability of the weakly non-parallel and the circular cylinder wakes can be completely suppressed with moderate streaks amplitudes. The energy required to stabilize the wake is much reduced when optimal perturbations are used, and it is shown to be always smaller than the one that would be required if a 2D control was used. It is also shown that the sensitivity of the global mode growth rate is quadratic and that therefore usual first order sensitivity analyses are unable to predict the high efficiency of the control-by-streaks strategy.

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Thompson, Danniella Mellissa Muheim. "Two-dimensional to three-dimensional global/local finite element analysis of laminated composites in compression." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42218.

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A two-dimensional to three-dimensional global/local finite element approach was developed, verified, and applied to a laminated composite plate of finite width and length containing a central circular hole. The resulting stress fields for axial compression loads were examined in detail for several symmetric stacking sequences and hole sizes. Verification was based on comparison of the displacements and the stress fields with those accepted trends from previous free edge investigations and a complete three-dimensional finite element solution of the plate. Hole diameters of one, three, and six inches in plates 18 inches long, 12 inches wide, and 0.1 inches thick were considered. The laminates in the compression study included symmetric cross-ply, angle-ply and quasi-isotropic stacking sequences. The entire plate was selected as the global model and analyzed with two-dimensional finite elements. Displacements along a region identified as the global/local interface were applied in a kinematically consistent fashion to independent three-dimensional local models. Local areas of interest in the plate included a portion of the straight free edge near the hole, and the immediate area around the hole. It was found that the global/local interface should not be placed inside or through any region where the stress field exhibits three-dimensional effects. Interlaminar stress results obtained from the global/local analyses compared well with previously reported trends, and some new conclusions about interlaminar stress fields in plates with different laminate orientations and hole sizes are presented for compressive loading. The effectiveness of the global/local procedure in reducing the computational effort required to solve these problems is clearly demonstrated through examination of the computer time required to formulate and solve the linear, static system of equations which result for the global and local analyses to those required for a complete three-dimensional formulation for a cross-ply laminate. The Testbed, which is under continuing development by the Computational Structural Mechanics Group, now the Computational Mechanics Branch, was used throughout this investigation. Specific processors used during the analyses are described in general terms herein. The application of this global/local technique is not limited to this software system, and was developed and described in as general a manner as possible. The methodology developed is thus applicable to other large-scale structural analysis systems.
Master of Science

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Maschietto, Michela. "L'enseignement de l'Analyse au lycée : les débuts du jeu global/local dans l'environnement de calculatrices." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070029.

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La recherche, concernant l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de l'Analyse, s'intéresse à un aspect de l'entrée dans ce champ au niveau du secondaire : l'articulation entre points de vue global et local sur les fonctions (jeu global/local). La question de savoir si le jeu global/local peut fonder l'introduction de l'Analyse est abordée par la construction d'une ingénierie didactique à visée diagnostique introduisant ce jeu en première S. Les potentialités de commandes de zoom des calculatrices sont utilisées pour favoriser la construction d'une métaphore liée à la linéarité locale. Les trois expérimentations réalisées en Italie montrent que l'accès au jeu global/local visé est possible et mettent en évidence le rôle joué par les métaphores associées à la linéarité locale dans les processus cognitifs des élèves. Elles soulignent aussi le travail mathématique nécessaire pour opérationnaliser et contrôler leur usage et le rôle essentiel de l'enseignant dans leur gestion
This research deals with the teaching and learning of Analysis at a secondary school level. We focus on a dimension of the introduction of Analysis : the articulation between a global point of view and a local point of view with respect to functions (the global / local game). A diagnostic didactical engineering has been designed and carried out to provide an answer to the following question : can the global/local game be a foundation for the introduction of Analysis at a secondary school level ? This engeneering exploits the potentialities offered by the "zoom" controls of the graphic and symbolic calculators in order to construct a local linearity metaphor. Three experiments show that the introduction of the global/local game via the "zoom" controls is possible. They evidence role played by metaphors linked to local linearity in cognitive process of pupils, the need for attaching a mathematical meaning to them and crucial role of teacher has to play

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Lima, JoÃo Paulo Eufrazio de. "Blog(ueiros): critÃrios para o estudo de comunidades discursivas globais e locais." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3099.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi revisar o percurso teÃrico-metodolÃgico para o estudo de comunidades discursivas de Swales de forma que se pudesse dar conta de uma maneira mais apropriada de comunidades complexas como as comunidades online. Nossa suposiÃÃo foi a de que dada a complexidade de grupos como os blogueiros, aqui analisados, havia a necessidade de pesquisÃ-los tanto do ponto de vista de suas caracterÃsticas gerais como em relaÃÃo a possÃveis sub-grupos seus, formados a partir da especificaÃÃo dos objetivos gerais da comunidade blogueira como um todo. Dessa forma, em um primeiro momento desta dissertaÃÃo, procuramos propor uma reformulaÃÃo do conceito de comunidade discursiva, analisando-o numa perspectiva bifurcada que procure dar conta do aspecto macro, global, da comunidade, bem como das especificidades de seus sub-grupos. Para nomearmos esses elementos, utilizamo-nos dos termos comunidade discursiva global e comunidade discursiva local. Num segundo momento, procuramos aplicar essa revisÃo em um grupo de internautas conhecido como blogueiros. Para construÃÃo dos dados utilizamos como mÃtodo a etnometodologia dando Ãnfase Ãs falas dos membros, interpretadas a partir do entendimento do contexto maior de que fazem parte. Os resultados da anÃlise demonstraram que de fato a comunidade global blogueira Ã formada a partir de mÃltiplas comunidades locais, tendo sido descrita a comunidade local âbar do escritorâ, que possui em relaÃÃo Ãs caracterÃsticas da comunidade global blogueira especificidades tanto em relaÃÃo aos seus objetivos como Ãs suas demais caracterÃsticas, mas que se une Ãs demais comunidades locais blogueiras por partilhar os mesmos objetivos gerais e por estabelecer-se hierarquicamente no todo maior da comunidade global, o que a torna parte da comunidade global blogueira e nÃo uma comunidade discursiva isolada desta.
The aim of this research was to go over the theoretical-methodological way of studying discourse communities by Swales so that it was possible to account in a more suitable way on complex communities like those one find on online environment. Our hypothesis was based on the idea that because of the complexity of groups like the bloggers, for example, it was necessary to investigate them from their general characteristics as much as in relation to likely sub-groups, shaped from the specification of some objectives of the group as a whole. Therefore, in a first moment of this dissertation we tried to propose a review of the discourse community concept subdividing it into two related concepts: global discourse community and local discourse community. In a second moment, we tried to apply that review in an online group called bloggers. To get the necessary data for our analysis we used the ethnomethodology as a method, focusing in the members speeches which was interpreted based on the major context they take part of. The results of analysis indeed evidences that the blogger global discourse community is the result of multiple local discourse communities, one of them, called âbar do escritor (writterÂs bar), we described. This local community, if compared to his global community, presents specificities in relation to his objectives as much other singular characteristics, all of that tributary from the global community, so that it became it part of the blogger global community and not an aside discourse community. (247 words)

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Liu, Fan. "Analysis of integrity monitoring for the local area augmentation system using the global navigation satellite system." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1175192969.

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Mazza, Silvia. "Dynamic behaviour of the railway steel bridge crossing Po river at Ostiglia: global and local analysis." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.

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Structural health monitoring is a very important phase of the maintenance of a civil work. In fact, thanks to the installation of a system able to monitor the conditions of a structure, it is possible to verify how this same structure responds to the loads to which it is subjected and to identify potentially damaged zones. Specifically, a railway bridge crossing a river undergoes stresses and deformations caused by the passage of trains, earthquake events and interactions with water. The INFRASAFE project aims to investigate all these aspects in order to guarantee a total monitoring of a specific structure - the bridge at Revere crossing Po river – in the environmental surrounding where it is placed. This research thesis is part of such project in a sense that it constitutes the preliminary analytical phase prior the experimental campaigns in the site. The truss structure will be modeled in Straus7 and a modal analysis will be performed in order to determine its frequencies and vibration modes. In addition, the axle loads of the real trains passing on the bridge will be considered for a linear static analysis. The results of such analysis will be investigated and the most stressed steel junction will be locally modeled in order to study its fatigue capacity.

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Feng, Wei. "Development of partial hybrid finite elements for 3-D global/local analysis of laminated composite structures." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0002/NQ40308.pdf.

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Neto, Paulo Mendes de Carvalho. "Fractional differential equations: a novel study of local and global solutions in Banach spaces." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-06062013-145531/.

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Motivated by the huge success of the applications of the abstract fractional equations in many areas of science and engineering, and by the unsolved question in this theory, in this work we study several matters related to abstract fractional Cauchy problems of order \'alpha\' \'it belongs\' (0, 1). We search to answer some questions that were open: for instance, we analyze the existence of local mild solutions for the problem, and its possible continuation to a maximal interval of existence. The case of critical nonlinearities and corresponding regular mild solutions is also studied. Finally, by establishing some general comparison results, we apply them to conclude the global well-posedness of a fractional partial differential equation coming from heat conduction theory
Motivados pelo êxito das aplicações nas equações abstratas em muitas áreas da ciência e da engenharia, e pelas perguntas ainda abertas, neste trabalho estudamos questões relativas aos problemas fracionários abstratos de Cauchy de ordem \'alpha\' \'pertence a\' (0, 1). Buscamos responder algumas perguntas: por exemplo, analisamos a existência de soluções locais fracas do problema e sua possível continuação em um intervalo maximal de existência. O caso da não-linearidade crítica e sua correspondente solução regular fraca também é abordado. Por último, mediante o estabelecimento de alguns resultados gerais de comparação, chegamos a conclusão de que as soluções de uma equação diferencial parcial fracionária, proveniente da teoria de condução de calor, existe globalmente

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Bell, Jason. "An analysis of global shape processing using radial frequency contours." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0051.

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Encoding the shape of objects within the visual environment is one of the important roles of the visual system. This thesis investigates the proposition that human sensitivity to a broad range of closed-contour shapes is underpinned by multiple shape channels (Loffler, Wilson, & Wilkinson, 2003). Radial frequency (RF) contours are a novel type of stimulus that can be used to represent simple and complex shapes; they are created by sinusoidally modulating the radius of a circle, where the number of cycles of modulation defines the RF number (Wilkinson, Wilson, & Habak, 1998). This thesis uses RF contours to enhance our understanding of the visual processes which support shape perception. The first part of the thesis combines low and high RF components, which Loffler et al. have suggested are detected by separate global and local processes respectively, onto a single contour and shows that, even when combined, the components are detected independently at threshold. The second part of the thesis combines low RF components from across the range where global processing has been demonstrated (up to approximately RF10) onto a single contour in order to test for interactions between them. The resulting data reveal that multiple narrow-band contour shape channels are required to account for performance, and also indicate that these shape channels have inhibitory connections between them. The third part of the thesis examines the local characteristics which are used to represent shape information within these channels. The results show that both the breadth (polar angle subtended) of individual curvature features, and their relative angular positions (in relation to object centre) are important for representing RF shapes; however, processing is IV not tuned for object size, or for modulation amplitude. In addition, we show that luminance and contrast cues are effectively combined at the level where these patterns are detected, indicating a single later processing stage is adequate to explain performance for these pattern characteristics. Overall the findings show that narrow-band shape channels are a useful way to explain sensitivity to a broad range of closed-contour shapes. Modifications to the current RF detection model (Poirier & Wilson, 2006) are required to incorporate inhibitory connections between shape channels and also, to accommodate the effective integration of luminance and contrast cues.

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Atisa, George. "Analysis of Global Compliance and Implementation of the Goals of International Environmental Treaties: A Case study of the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD)." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1562.

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The Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) was created in 1992 to coordinate global governments to protect biological resources. The CBD has three goals: protection of biodiversity, achievement of sustainable use of biodiversity and facilitation of equitable sharing of the benefits of biological resources. The goal of protecting biological resources has remained both controversial and difficult to implement. This study focused more on the goal of biodiversity protection. The research was designed to examine how globally constructed environmental policies get adapted by national governments and then passed down to local levels where actual implementation takes place. Effectiveness of such policies depends on the extent of actual implementation at local levels. Therefore, compliance was divided and examined at three levels: global, national and local. The study then developed various criteria to measure compliance at these levels. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze compliance and implementation. The study was guided by three questions broadly examining critical factors that most influence the implementation of biodiversity protection policies at the global, national and local levels. Findings show that despite an overall biodiversity deficit of 0.9 hectares per person, global compliance with the CBD goals is currently at 35%. Compliance is lowest at local levels at 14%, it is slightly better at national level at 50%, and much better at the international level 64%. Compliance appears higher at both national and international levels because compliance here is paper work based and policy formulation. If implementation at local levels continues to produce this low compliance, overall conservation outcomes can only get worse than what it is at present. There are numerous weaknesses and capacity challenges countries are yet to address in their plans. In order to increase local level compliance, the study recommends a set of robust policies that build local capacity, incentivize local resource owners, and implement biodiversity protection programs that are akin to local needs and aspirations.

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Uzochukwu, Peter. "Local and Global Exigencies within the Ecumenical Movement: Analysis of the Ecumenical Scene in South African Catholicism." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 2008. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,3224.

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Akterskaia, Margarita [Verfasser]. "Global-local progressive failure analysis of composite panels including skin-stringer debonding and intralaminar damage / Margarita Akterskaia." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193177200/34.

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Zordan, Marco. "Non-linear analysis of CFS hybrid structural building systems in presence of local and global damage phenomena." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/322426.

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The use of cold-formed steel (CFS) members enabled, in recent years, the development of a new light constructional solution for residential buildings: the light gauge steel buildings. These structures combine rapidity and simplicity of erection with a good structural performance. In addition, their lightness makes them very attractive for seismic areas. From a structural point of view, the building is a system composed of shear-walls and floor-systems that interact between them in the mechanism of force transfer. In the seismic context, the forces that arise on floors are transferred to the shear-walls that act as a bracing system, transferring the horizontal forces to the foundation. Generally, the steel-frame, made of CFS members, has walls and floor systems sheathed with panels of various materials, such as steel sheets, OSB panels or gypsum fibreboards: i.e. the structure is hybrid. The performance is hence affected by the response features of the various materials, of the connections and the individual components. This makes the prediction of the structural response very difficult and complex. To further complicate the subject, the presence of cyclic actions causes other nonlinear phenomena such as the pinching effect that is very common in these structures. Such a complex behaviour of CFS profiles, sub-assemblages and the whole system, makes it difficult to adopt a purely theoretical approach for their design. Therefore, a mixed approach that combines experimental tests and numerical simulations is usually adopted. As to the key structural components, many studies about the shear-walls are available in the literature, while little attention was paid to the behaviour of the floor diaphragms. Moreover, the attempts to get an insight into the overall building response were even fewer. In any case, the complexity of these sub-systems and of their interaction in the whole building system makes it difficult to predict the responses of specific configurations. In this framework, the University of Trento was involved in a research project aimed to develop an innovative industrialized housing system made of CFS members. With the aim to have a holistic comprehension of the performance of these building systems, a suitable number of experimental tests and numerical simulations were performed ranging from the single component to the entire building. In detail, the CFS members may be considered the main components of these systems, therefore their axial and bending behaviours were first tested and then investigated through detailed numerical simulations. Their characterization was also needed for developing reliable models of sub-assemblies. The steel-deck and gypsum fibreboards are essential parts of the floor diaphragms and shear walls studied, therefore experimental tests for evaluating their shear behaviour were carried out considering both monotonic and cyclic loading protocols. With the aim to characterize the in-plane behaviour of shear walls, the results of an experimental study carried out in Trento were considered. These results represent the background for the development of numerical analyses enabling the calibration and validation of the models. Like the walls, the floor-systems were deeply studied both from the experimental and the numerical point of view. The experimental tests enable appreciating the in-plane shear responses of different configurations, also providing the background to the calibration of FE models. The complexity of these systems required a particular modelling approach based on layers and on the numerical characterization of the floor components. Eventually, since the evaluation of the seismic performance of this new solution is the main goal of the project, three different building models were developed and analysed. The models refer to three different building archetypes representative of three solutions of buildings that differs from the type and number of shear-walls used as the bracing system. The eigen analysis, push-over analysis and the time-history analysis (THA) are the main tools used in the study enabling the evaluation of the vibration properties, the deformation capacity and seismic response of the structure. Besides, multi-stripe analyses (MSAs) were carried out with the aim to evaluated fragility functions providing the probability of failure given an intensity measure that describes the seismic event. The developed models are too complex to be used in everyday design analysis. However, they allowed set up simplified design methods that can be of great help to designers. In conclusion, the thesis aims at providing a contribution to the knowledge of the response of cold formed steel structures in light residential buildings. This contribution expands the present state-of-the-art, pointing out the role of the various components as well as the critical issues.

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MONTANARI, Piera. "Local and Global Existence results for the Characteristic Problem for Linear and Semi-linear Wave Equations." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2389334.

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The thesis concerns the well posedness of the Characteristic Initial Value Problem for the Semilinear Wave Equation, with initial data on a light cone. In the first part of the thesis, an explicit representation formula for the solution of the linear equation is given, extending the results known for the homogeneous equation and the trace on the time axis of the solution. Further, Energy Estimates are derived. In constructing such Estimates one encounters several difficulties due to the presence of a geometrical singularity at the tip of the cone. To manage the construction of the Energy Estimate, one introduces suitable Sobolev-like norms characterized by weights, which mitigates the difficulties in the origin. These Estimates are well posed only for functions which vanish of order high enough at the origin. This fact brings us to split the initial data in the sum of two terms. The first term consists of the Taylor polynomial of the initial datum, the second one consist of remainder regular function with the required vanishing order at the origin. An interesting phenomenon observed here is a gap of differentiability between the solution and the initial data. The solution obtained using the Energy method is still incomplete, because of the splitting of the initial data. This fact brings us to solve the problem for purely polynomial data. For this purpose, it is used a generalization of the well-known harmonic polynomials. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the semi-linear problem, for which the tools developed in the previous chapters are generalized.

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Pouget, Marc. "Geometry of surfaces : from the estimation of local differential quantities to the robust extraction of global differential features." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4052.

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Ce travail de recherche porte sur les aspects géométriques des mathématiques, de l’informatique et applications. Ce travail est fortement motivé par des applications telles que la conception assistée par ordinateur, l’imagerie médicale, le calcul scientifique et la simulation ou encore la réalité virtuelle et le multimédia. Cette thèse propose une analyse de la géométrie des surfaces tant d’un point de vue local que global. D’un point de vue local, le problème est l’estimation de la normale, des courbures et quantités d’ordre supérieur à partir d’une surface lise échantillonnée. D’un point de vue global, nous analysons les lignes d’extrême de courbure sur une surface, appelées ridges. D’une part, une méthode d’estimation des quantités différentielles locales avec ajustement d’un polynôme est étudiée : les propriétés de convergence sont établies et un algorithme est proposé et implémenté. D’autre part, des algorithmes sont développés pour le calcul de la topologie des ridges pour des surfaces discrétisées par un maillage ou paramétrées. Des conditions précises d’échantillonnage ainsi qu’un algorithme certifié sont données pour le cas d’une surface discrétisée par un maillage. Dans le cas d’une surface paramétrée, une équation implicite des ridges est calculée dans le domaine de paramétrage et les singularités sont analysées. Pour une paramétrisation polynomiale, ces équations sont aussi polynomiales et des méthodes spécifiques de calcul formel sont développées pour calculer la topologie de la courbe singulière des ridges
This research work relates to the geometrical aspects of mathematics, computer sciences and applications. This work is motivated by applications such as computer aided design, medical imaging, scientific computations and simulations or also virtual reality and multimedia. This thesis proposes an analysis of some local as well as global topics of the geometry of surfaces. From a local point of view, the problem is the estimation of the normal, the curvatures and quantities of higher order from points sampled on a smooth surface. From a global point of view, we analyze the lines of extreme curvature on surfaces, called ridges. On the one hand, a method for the estimation of local differential quantities with polynomial fitting is studied : the properties of convergence are established and an algorithm is proposed and implemented. On the other hand, algorithms are developed for the computation of the topology on the ridges for surfaces discretized by a mesh or parameterized. Precise conditions of sampling as wel as certified algorithm are given in the case of a surface, an implicit equation of the ridges is derived in the parametric domain and the singularities are analyzed for a polynomial parameterization. The equations are also polynomial, and specific methods of computer algebra are developed to compute the topology on the singular curve of the ridges

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Al-Zayat, Zaki, and Jakob Bäcklund. "The association between Cosmopolitanism and global brand loyalty : A quantitative study in developing and developed countries." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43783.

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The effects of globalization has created a new global consumer segment known as Cosmopolitanism. It is a globally substantial segment that captures “open-minded individuals whose consumption orientation transcends particular cultures, localities or communities and who appreciates diversity including trying products and services from a variety of countries”. In the same sense have global brands grown to take a central place on both developing and developed countries, and their competition with local brands has substantially increased. The Cosmopolitan consumer segment hold major strategic importance for global brands, but the understanding of this new segment has been markedly limited, especially on consumption related behavioral outcomes such as brand loyalty. Taking on a cross-national, comparative approach, the purpose of this study was; to understand the association between Cosmopolitanism and global brand loyalty in developing and developed countries. Collecting data through online questionnaires in Sweden and Syria, 341 respondents were included within the study, and with regression analyses were three proposed hypotheses tested. The results showed a significant, but arguably weak, association between Cosmopolitanism and global brand loyalty. On the other hand, upon introducing economic development status as a moderating variable, it was seen that the association differed between the sampled countries, with a considerably stronger association in Syria. Managerial implications are presented based on these findings, and the paper is finalized with some essential limitations and avenues for suture research.

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Engström, Jonatan, and Usva Salvi. "Global goals in a local context: Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals - A case study." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21184.

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The purpose of this thesis is to explore a local organization’s adoption of global sustainability policy, in terms of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Agenda is a response to global sustainability challenges which require action by international cooperation and actors on all levels. For such a policy to fulfill its purpose, means of implementation must be ensured. This study aims to answer both why and how a small organization located in Malmö, Sweden, has adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, and what it implies for its operations. More specifically, the focus is on the perceptions of people involved in the selected case organization. These perceptions have been captured by interviews. In addition to the interviews, the case data also consists of a document that directs parts of the organization’s operations. Furthermore, to connect the global and local levels, the case data is supplemented with the 2030 Agenda. By conducting a thematic analysis, our main findings indicate that the SDGs are adoptable to a local organization, but that their main function seems to be to frame and legitimize already existing activities in a context of sustainable development.

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Kong, Lingqi. "A critical analysis of local and global cultural factors in graphic wayfinding design : a case study of Beijing." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23238.

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The main intentions of this thesis are to analyse and explain changes in the function and graphic components of Beijing s wayfinding systems and to explain how the systems construct multiple cultural and political identities at different historical periods and in changing local/global contexts. In the thesis, the oversimplified one-way theory of the global-local dichotomy, in which the global power of the West is overwhelming and constantly dominant, and the local system of non-Western countries is passive and fragile, is challenged. Instead, this thesis seeks to examine the interactivity and correlation of the local and the global from two perspectives: mobility and reversibility. Looking at mobility is to consider the local and global and their nexus as different interconnections and networks that are constantly and unevenly changing. Reversibility, with which this thesis is most concerned, deals primarily with the reversible relationship of the local and global, namely, that either the local or the global can be dominant. This point is well illustrated by the evolution of Beijing s graphic wayfinding systems function and appearance. Beijing, as the capital of China, has undergone a radical transformation from the fall of the last Empire Qing (1912) to the establishment of the People s Republic of China (1949). The meaning of Beijing varies in accordance with the changes in its political and social structures. There have been five phases in Beijing s development: a well-planned imperial city; a capital city with a republican spirit; a totally industrialised but relatively isolated capital of a socialist country; an open and modernised Chinese-style socialist city; and a cosmopolitan city. In the course of this metamorphosis, what took place was a series of collisions, exchanges, fusions, and re-collisions between local power and global power. Along with the immense changes in Beijing, the role and appearance of the graphic wayfinding systems have also changed, especially those of road signs and doorplates, whose roles have been transformed from that of initial household register to orientation reference, to effective propaganda tool, and then on to the regeneration of a city. Finally, Beijing s graphic wayfinding design within its urban development has been reconfirmed as a useful instrument to support the new forms of visual narratives and consolidate the city brand of Beijing in the 21st century. This study probes into the political and cultural significances behind the changes of the graphic wayfinding systems of Beijing, as well as the interaction between the local and the global as reflected in the formation of these findings. The mutable and reversible relationship between the local and the global is illustrated and clarified through analysis and comparison of various functions and visual elements between Beijing s present graphic wayfinding systems and its early wayfinding signs, as well as decoding the different mainstream political or cultural ideologies that have deeply affected the function and design of Beijing graphic wayfinding systems at different periods.

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Naizer, Cláudia Cristina Baptista Ramos. "Procedimento metodológico para proposta de indicadores de associação espacial global e local através de conceitos variográficos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-31052018-192234/.

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Entre as técnicas de análise exploratória de dados espaciais encontram-se os indicadores de associação espacial, que mensuram o grau de dependência espacial dos dados analisados e são aplicáveis apenas a dados quantitativos. Outro procedimento disponível é a geoestatística, a qual se baseia no variograma, descrevendo quantitativa e qualitativamente a estrutura espacial de determinada variável. Neste trabalho, utilizam-se conceitos do variograma para desenvolver um indicador de associação espacial global (SIVAR-G) e um indicador de associação espacial local (SIVAR-L). São utilizados dois bancos de dados: dados binários de escolha modal de uma Cidade Fictícia e dados de média de viagens por modo automóvel por domicílio para um recorte da região central da cidade de São Paulo (Pesquisa de Mobilidade 2012). Em ambos os casos, o indicador global, para diferentes vizinhanças, foi calculado com base em valores padronizados, provenientes do variograma experimental e teórico. Em seguida, aplicou-se um teste de hipótese baseado em pseudo-significância para avaliar a significância do indicador proposto previamente. Por fim, os resultados do indicador proposto foram comparados ao índice de Moran, calculado com os mesmos parâmetros. Para o indicador local, foi elaborado um procedimento similar, porém os cálculos foram feitos pontualmente. Cada observação do banco de dados teve um variograma experimental calculado e um variograma teórico modelado para uma análise omniderecional. Um teste de hipótese similar ao do indicador global foi desenvolvido e aplicado. Assim obtiveram-se indicadores de associação espacial local ponto a ponto. Conclui-se que o indicador SIVAR-G possui desempenho satisfatório na estimação de associação espacial para dados contínuos e binários, mostrando-se sensível a anisotropia dos dados. O indicador SIVAR-L é capaz de identificar \"bolsões\" de associação espacial. É aplicável a dados contínuos e binários. Os indicadores propostos permitem a modelagem de variogramas teóricos globais e locais, fornecendo uma maior riqueza de detalhes da estrutura espacial dos dados. Os indicadores SIVAR baseiam-se na dissimilaridade espacial, enquanto o índice de Moran e LISA baseiam-se na similaridade espacial.
Among the exploratory spatial data analysis tools, there are the indicators of spatial association, which measure the degree of spatial dependence of the analyzed data and can be applied to quantitative data. Other procedure available is the geoestatistics, which is based on the variogram, describing quantitatively and qualitatively the spatial structure of a variable. The aim of this thesis is to use the concept of the variogram to develop a global indicator of spatial association (SIVAR-G) and a local indicator of spatial association (SIVAR-L). Two data bases were used: binary data of travel mode choice of a hypothetical city and mean of automobile trips by household to a region of São Paulo\'s center (Mobility Survey, 2012). In both cases, the global indicator, for different neighborhoods, was calculated based on standardized values, derived from the experimental and theoretical variogram. Then, a pseudo-significance test was applied to evaluate the significance of the previously proposed indicator. The results of the proposed indicator were compared to Moran\'s I, calculated with the same parameters. For the local indicator, it was made a similar procedure, however the calculation was punctual. For each observation of the database, it was calculated experimental variogram and adjusted a theoretical variogram for a omnidirectional analysis. A hypothesis test similar to the one applied in the global indicator was developed and applied. Therefore, it was obtained local indicators point by point. It was concluded that the indicator SIVAR-G has a satisfactory performance for spatial association of binary and continuous data, with sensibility for anisotropy cases. The SIVAR-L indicator is able to identify spatial association pockets and outliers. The local indicator is suitable for continuous and binary data. The developed indicators allow the modeling of theoretical global and local variograms, providing more details of the spatial structure of the data. The SIVAR indicators are based on spatial dissimilarity, while the Moran and LISA index are based on spatial similarity.

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Diermeier, Sarah Daniela Helena [Verfasser], and Gernot [Akademischer Betreuer] Längst. "Local and global analysis of the structure-function relation in chromatin / Sarah Daniela Helena Diermeier. Betreuer: Gernot Längst." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/104872834X/34.

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Carson, Hugh Alexander. "A priori analysis of global and local output error estimates for CG, DG and HDG finite element discretizations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105608.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-105).
In this thesis, a priori convergence estimates are developed for outputs, output error estimates, and localizations of output error estimates for Galerkin finite element methods. Specifically, Continuous Galerkin (CG), Discontinuous Galerkin (DG), and Hybridized DG (HDG) methods are analyzed for the Poisson problem. A mixed formulation for DG output error estimation is proposed with improved convergence rates relative to the common approach utilizing statically condensed, p-dependent lifting operators. The HDG output error estimates are new and include the impact of stabilization. Comparisons to numerical results demonstrate (1) the sharpness of the estimates and (2) that the HDG estimates are approximately an order of magnitude more accurate than CG and DG.
by Hugh Alexander Carson.
S.M.

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Romanel, Celso. "A global-local approach for dynamic soil-structure interaction analysis of deeply embedded structures in a layered medium." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184762.

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The most popular method for dynamic soil-structure interaction analysis is the finite element method. The versatility in problems involving different materials and complex geometries is its main advantage, yet the FEM can not simulate unbounded domains completely. Several schemes have been proposed to overcome this shortcoming, such as the use of either imperfect or perfect transmitting boundaries, infinite elements and hybrid techniques. However, most of them were derived on the assumption that the soil mass can be represented as a homogeneous material despite the fact that stratified soil deposits are a common occurrence in nature. A hybrid method is proposed in this research for soil-structure interaction analysis in the frequency domain involving a multilayered linear elastic half-space. The near field region (structure and a portion of soil surrounding it) is modeled by finite elements while the far field formulation is obtained through the classical wave propagation theory based on the assumption that the actual scattered wave fields can be represented by a set of line sources. Traction reciprocity between the two regions is satisfied exactly, while the displacement continuity across the common interface is enforced in a least-squares sense. The two-dimensional system is excited by harmonic body waves (P and SV) propagating with oblique incidence. The structure can be considered either on the surface or deeply embedded in the multilayered half-space. Analytic solutions for the far field domain is obtained through the combined response of four simple problems that take into account the overall effects of the incident, reflected and scattered wave fields. The delta matrix technique is employed in order to eliminate the loss of precision problem associated with the Thomson-Haskell matrix method in its original form. Special numerical schemes are used to transform the solution from the κ- into the ω-plane due to the presence of poles on the path of integration. The few numerical examples studied in this research validate the proposed hybrid technique, but the relatively high computational cost required for evaluation of the Green's functions is still a serious drawback. Some suggestions are made to minimize the problem as well as to extend this technique to cases involving material attenuation and forced vibrations.

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Saraiva, Luis Edson. "Simulação numerica para analise local e global do desempenho de tubos de calor rotativos com estrutura porosa." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263792.

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Orientador: Kamal Abdel Radi Ismail
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:30:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Saraiva_LuisEdson_D.pdf: 6806065 bytes, checksum: ae5ac00eb10f795ccdf8bffcd15232bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: Neste trabalho o funcionamento de um tubo de calor com rotação em tomo de seu eixo axial, internamente cilíndrico e provido de estrutura porosa para o retomo do líquido, é simulado numericamente. As equações governantes para os escoamentos do líquido e do vapor são resolvidas simultaneamente através do algoritmo SIMPLE. Os resultados são apresentados em termos de perfis de velocidades, temperatura e pressão e, também, em termos de números adimensionais relevantes para o estudo do desempenho deste tipo de tubo de calor. Uma investigação a respeito de possíveis limites de funcionamento é também realizada
Abstract: This work presents a numerical simulation of the operation of a non-tapered (intemally cylindrical) axially rotating heat pipe with porous medium for the liquid retum. The SIMPLE algorithm is used to simultaneously solve the goveming equations for vapor and liquid flows. Results are presented in terms of velocities, temperature and pressure profiles and, also, in terms of appropriated dimensionless numbers. Investigations about possible working limits of this kind of rotating heat pipes are also performed.
Doutorado
Trmica e Fluidos
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

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47

Nordlund, Hanna, and Felicia Sarling. "Local Action for Global Change : An Analysis of the Åland Islands’ Energy and Climate Strategy in the Polycentric System." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432305.

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48

Kzam, Aref Kalilo Lima. "Análise da instabilidade estrutural global e local pelo MEF posicional com determinação de pontos críticos na trajetória de equilíbrio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-02032016-104333/.

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Nesta tese, apresenta-se o método dos elementos finitos posicional descrito em um referencial Lagrangiano total dedicado à análise de instabilidade de estruturas tridimensionais. Três tipos de elementos finitos são implementados e testados, a saber: os elementos de barra simples, casca e barra geral. A análise de instabilidade para o elemento de barra simples é efetuada determinando-se os pontos críticos ao longo da trajetória de equilíbrio em grandes deslocamentos. Para se determinar essas trajetórias são utilizados os algoritmos de Newton-Raphson e arc-length. Este tipo de análise é particularmente importante na definição de estruturas multi-estáveis de uso crescente na indústria mecânica e aeroespacial. Para o estudo da instabilidade empregando-se os elementos finitos de casca e barra geral realizam-se as análises para pequenos níveis de carga e deslocamentos por meio do cálculo dos autovalores e autovetores da matriz de rigidez da estrutura. Avaliam-se também as trajetórias de equilíbrio em grandes deslocamentos considerando-se pequenas imperfeições na geometria dos elementos estruturais. Quando os elementos de casca são utilizados na modelagem de perfis estruturais esbeltos surgem naturalmente modos de falha locais associados à mudança de forma da seção transversal. Com a finalidade de inserir essas mobilidades no elemento de barra geral propõem-se uma metodologia que considera os aprimoramentos na cinemática da barra. Esses aprimoramentos são tratados como parâmetros nodais generalizados e estão associadas a intensidade da mudança de forma de seção transversal, incluindo os modos de empenamento. Descreve-se originalmente uma metodologia de decomposição da matriz Hessiana usada para o cálculo dos valores e vetores próprios em pequenos deslocamentos. Essa metodologia possui importância adicional pois é utilizada na preparação e avaliação do parâmetro de carga em cinemáticas alternativas da formulação posicional. Utiliza-se o algoritmo de Lanczos na determinação das cargas e modos de falha realizando-se chamadas a biblioteca ARPACK. Os algoritmos são testados em exemplos modelados com os elementos finitos propostos. Próximo aos pontos críticos realiza-se a separação da matriz Hessiana procurando-se possíveis modos de colapso da estrutura. Além dos modos de falha globais é possível se identificar os modos de falha locais e distorcionais. O equilíbrio do sistema mecânico é garantido pelo princípio da estacionariedade da energia potencial total. Nas análises com os elementos de casca e barra geral, a solução do sistema não-linear é obtida empregando-se o método incremental iterativo de Newton-Raphson. Os aprimoramentos sugeridos nesta pesquisa são acoplados ao código computacional utilizado pelo grupo de mecânica computacional do departamento de engenharia de estruturas, onde diversas funcionalidades estão disponíveis, como análise dinâmica e não-linearidade material. Exemplos selecionados são apresentados ao longo da tese para demonstrar a eficiência dos elementos propostos e a aplicabilidade da técnica. Por fim, são realizadas comparações com estratégia de solução já consagradas, como por exemplo: o método das faixas finitas e a teoria generalizadas de vigas. Os resultados obtidos justificam as contribuições originais da presente pesquisa destacando-se a contribuição da formulação posicional ao estudo da instabilidade das estruturas.
This thesis presents the positional finite element method in a total Lagrangian framework dedicated to instability analysis of the three-dimensional structures. Three types of finite elements are implemented and tested, namely: truss, shells and frames. The instability analysis for truss element is computed using equilibrium path in large displacements. The critical points are computed using Newton-Raphson and arc-length algorithm. This analysis is particularly important in the definition of multi-stable and large displacements structures widely used in mechanical and aerospace industry. For shell and frame geometrically non-linear finite elements, the instability phenomenon is studied from the eigenvalues and eigenvectors analysis for small levels of loads and displacements. It is also evaluate the equilibrium trajectories for large displacements, considering small imperfections in the geometry of the structure. When using the shell elements to model the frames structures local failure modes associated with changing of the cross section shape arise. In order to consider the mobility in frame element new improvements are propose in the kinematic. These improvements are treated as generalized nodal parameters and are associated with the intensity of the cross-sectional change, including warping. The originally methodology of decomposition of the Hessian matrix are described and used for calculating eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the stiffness matrix. This methodology has additional importance because it is used in the preparation and evaluation of load parameter in kinematic alternatives of the positional formulation. The Lanczos algorithm is used to determining the loads and failure modes, through calls to ARPACK library for calculating eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The algorithms are tested on the examples modeled by proposed finite elements. Near the critical point takes place the separation of the Hessian matrix for possible identification of the failure modes. In addition to global failure methods, local and distortion failure are captured by this methodology. The balance of the mechanical system is guaranteed by the stationarity of the total potential energy principle. In the analysis using shells and frames elements the solution of the nonlinear system is calculated using the iterative incremental Newton-Raphson method. The improvements suggested in this research are coupled to the computer code used by computational mechanics group of the structures engineering department, where several features are available like dynamic and plasticity analysis. Selected examples are presented throughout the thesis to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed elements and applicability of the technique. Finally, comparisons are carried out with already established solving strategy such as the finite strip methods and the generalized beam theory. The results justified the original contributions of this research to study of unstable structures.

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49

Simpson, Robert. "Enrichment of the boundary element method through the partition of unity method for fracture analysis using local and global formulations." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/305/.

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The present thesis proposes an innovative technique of applying enrichment to the Boundary Element Method to allow accurate analysis of 2D crack problems. An overview of fracture mechanics is given, with particular emphasis given to numerical methods and the techniques used to extract the highly important stress intensity factors - a measure of the singularity of a crack tip. The Boundary Element Method framework is described and later, the implementation of the new technique of enrichment is defined in detail. Finally, several crack problems are used to verify the accuracy of the method where the results are shown to compare very favourably with other well-established numerical methods.

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50

Holmner, Marlene Amanda. "A critical analysis of information and knowledge societies with specific reference to the interaction between local and global knowledge systems." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11102008-143543/.

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