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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Global knowledge network'
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Huang, Biao 1970. "Global Knowledge Network." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8660.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Technology and Policy Program, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-115).
The convergence of Digital Economy, Globalization, and Knowledge-based Economy, creates the potential for Global Knowledge Networks and e-Knowledge Commerce. "The e-knowledge markets will grow to be a $1 trillion global micro-economy by 2010," estimated by Kaieteur Institute For Knowledge Management in 2000. The next wave of growth is likely to be associated with E-Knowledge Commerce, far exceeding the ECommerce. However, up to date, significant disconnections exist among Digital Economy, Knowledge-based Economy, and Globalization. e-Knowledge Commerce is too new to have business models to exist in either the business world or literatures. This thesis tries to fill this significant gap, by focusing on a new type of global institutional development, known as Global Knowledge Network, by defining its characteristic features and formulating the relevant 'best business models.' More specifically, this thesis (a) determines and formulates business models relevant for different types of e-Knowledge Commerce, and (b) explores how to develop the functionality of a Global Knowledge Network such as Global System for Sustainable Development (GSSD) in the context of e-Knowledge Commerce. Furthermore, this thesis examines the policy and legal issues in e-Knowledge Commerce & Global Knowledge Network, such as intellectual property right, customer privacy, digital trusted system, security such as firewalls, encryption, watermark, etc. Finally, draws conclusions about e-Knowledge Commerce & Global Knowledge Network and provides some recommendations for further research work.
by Biao Huang.
S.M.
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LUBELLO, NORMAN. "Open innovation in global networks." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/153663.
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Negli ultimi decenni diversi fattori hanno forzato le imprese a vagliare la possibilità di aprire i confini del proprio processo innovativo al fine di sopravvivere alla competizione globale. Concetti come time lag, incertezza, sunk cost e gestione della conoscenza sono così diventati pietre miliari in uno scenario economico moderno in cui il numero di tecnologie per prodotto aumenta in una dinamica di convergenza che include sempre più soluzioni in un unico dispositivo ibrido.
Al tempo stesso l’aumento nei costi di ricerca e sviluppo e la natura sempre più interdisciplinare di codesti investimenti porta le imprese a ricercare un numero sempre maggiore di partner e potenziali fonti di knowledge. Per effetto di tali premesse, diverse imprese hanno adottato una strategia di networking all’interno del quale ciascun partner contribuisce attivamente al processo innovativo nella misura più coerente con le proprie competenze specifiche. Un approccio di innovazione chiuso invece, comporta solo due tipi di risultato per una nuova tecnologia: il successo o il fallimento. Esito di tale dicotomia, in un’arena competitiva caratterizzata dallo scontro tra grandi network globali, può quindi portare alla perdita di anni di investimenti in R&S. Il paradigma di Open innovation permette di mitigare tale rischio, grazie alla forte diversificazione ottenibile per fonti di knowledge ma anche la possibilità di trarre profitto dalla vendita delle proprie innovazioni sul mercato intermedio della tecnologia. Sebbene l’apertura del processo di innovazione ne migliori la sostenibilità, essa comporta anche un forte cambiamento sul piano organizzativo.
La presente tesi si pone l’obiettivo di indagare circa l’adozione del paradigma Open innovation da parte di network globali che competono in settori ad elevata pressione competitiva, con particolare interesse per l’elettronica. Da un punto di vista legato ai processi, l’apertura dell’impresa si esplicita attraverso due flussi di knowledge noti come outside-in e inside-out processes.
Sulla base di quanto detto dalla letteratura quindi si può affermare che l’Open innovation è una tipologia di business model che consente di mitigare notevolmente i rischi e le limitazioni del processo innovativo. L’apertura incrementa la base di knowledge interna grazie al supporto fornito dalle più diverse fonti, tra cui la letteratura evidenzia le istituzioni pubbliche, le comunità di utenti, le piccole e medie imprese, l’ecosistema delle start-up, le università e i centri di ricerca e infine, grandi imprese e concorrenti. Tali fonti rappresentano la spina dorsale di un network che si pone l’obiettivo di innovare in un mercato ad elevata competitività e imitazione. Infine la tesi si focalizza sullo studio di un caso aziendale: Samsung Electronics. Tale impresa è infatti un grande chaebol sud coreano che negli ultimi decenni ha investito pesantemente al fine di raggiungere i vertici di diversi mercati dell’elettronica. Infatti Samsung ha adottato ormai da tempo un business model aperto nella gestione del proprio network, modificando la struttura interna in ragione dell’integrazione di diverse fonti di conoscenza esterne. Essa agisce conformemente a molti assunti teorici del paradigma di Chesbrough e nomina parte della propria accountability con l’etichetta Open innovation, con l’impiego di diverse strutture create appositamente a tale scopo. Inoltre tale chaebol fornisce anche prova empirica di come il potenziamento delle risorse di R&S interne comporti un miglioramento delle capacità di assorbimento delle conoscenze dall’esterno e di come una gestione delle tecnologie utilizzate come opzioni possa funzionare. Queste ultime considerazioni dimostrano come al paradigma di Open innovation siano legati ulteriori filoni di letteratura quali l’absorptive capacity e la real option theory.In the last decades many factors have pushed companies to increase their interest in the openness of their innovation process as a way to win the competition race (Christensen et al., 2005). Time lag, uncertainty, sunk costs and knowledge management are key words in a modern economic scenario where the number of technologies per product increases (Howells et al., 2003) and convergence encloses more and more solutions in a unique hybrid device. Augment in the R&D costs and their inter-disciplinary disposition (Hacklin et al., 2004) involve more partnerships and knowledge sources because firms cannot compete alone in the market (Howells et al., 2003). As a result many firms adopted a network strategy in which each partner actively contributes to the innovation process with different forms of knowledge. In fact, Following a closed innovation approach involve only two possible results for a new technology, the success or a failure. In a modern economy based on time-based competition among large and global networks, the failure of a R&D project may be synonymous of the loss of years of investments and efforts. Open Innovation allows to mitigate this effect, because a strong diversification in term of knowledge sources but also in the possibility to profit from the market for technology. However openness augments the innovation sustainability but involves high degree of organizational change. This thesis discusses the adoption of Open Innovation by global networks who play in high degree of competition, and in particular in the modern electronics scenario. From a process perspective openness is expressed by outside-in and inside-out flows of knowledge. In particular it splits the openness in four main type of processes such as: sourcing, acquiring, selling and revealing. As a result the thesis argues that Open Innovation is a business model who permit a strong mitigation effect on many risks tied to the innovation process. Openness increases the internal knowledge with the aid from several sources such as: public institutions, users, small and medium enterprises and the start-up ecosystem, universities and research centers, other large firms and competitors. These sources are the backbone of a network who manage the Open Innovation business model. Finally the thesis is focused on a case study about Samsung Electronics. This company is an innovative south Korean chaebol that in the last decades widely invested in reaching the top positions in different electronics market. As a result, Samsung adopted some years ago an open business model in its network management, modifying the internal R&D structure in function of universities, research centers, customers, open source users, competitors and start-ups. It is widely coherent with the theoretical background of Open Innovation in electronics. Samsung named part of its accountability with the label of Open Innovation and has a large array of ad hoc organizational structures. Since the beginning of the century, few years later that Chesbrough coined the term, Samsung started to invest in projects aimed to support the outside-in processes about several scientific domains. Moreover the Korean chaebol confirmed other theoretical backgrounds tied to real option theory and absorptive capacity showing a strong commitment in a form of knowledge management doesn’t limited by a closed approach.
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Pinat, Magali. "Global linkages, trade network and development." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E031/document.
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Cette thèse doctorale étudie l’impact des effets de réseau sur le commerce et la finance internationale. Le premier chapitre évalue le rôle que joue la centralité des partenaires commerciaux dans la diffusion des connaissances et conclut que l’importation de biens provenant de partenaires situés au cœur du réseau est génératrice de croissance économique. Le deuxième chapitre étudie le rôle des communautés de commerce dans la vitesse d’adoption de nouvelles technologies et établit que la diffusion des idées est encouragée au sein des pays appartenant à la même communauté. Le troisième chapitre souligne le rôle que jouent les partenaires financiers dans le choix d’investir dans une nouvelle destination et montre que les pays sont plus susceptibles d’investir dans un nouveau pays si un de leurs partenaires actuels y a déjà investi. Le quatrième chapitre évalue l’impact de l’importation des produits à risque et estime qu’une augmentation d’un pourcent des importations de produits fragiles provenant d’un pays touché par une catastrophe naturelle est associée à une réduction de 0,7 pourcent des exportations nationalesThis doctoral dissertation investigates the impact of networks effects on international trade and finance. The first chapter estimates the role a trade partners’ centrality plays in the diffusion of knowledge and finds that importing from countries at the core of the network leads to a significant increase in economic growth. The second chapter investigates the role of clusters in the speed of technology adoption and concludes that the diffusion of ideas is fostered among countries belonging to the same cluster. The third chapter emphasizes the role of current partners in choosing a destination for new investments and finds that countries are more likely to invest in a new destination if one of their existing partners have already made some investments in the location. The fourth chapter evaluates the impact of importing risky products on the economy and finds that the elasticity of a country’s exports with respect to its import share of fragile products from a partner impacted by a natural disaster is -0.7 percent
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Heisig, Peter. "Knowledge Management – Advancements and Future Research Needs – Results from the Global Knowledge Research Network study." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-181421.
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Over the last two decades the role of knowledge in organizations has attracted considerable attention from organizational practice and academia (Beamish & Armistead, 2001; Blackler, Reed, & Whitaker, 1993; Grant, 1996; Jasimuddin, 2006; Nonaka, 1994). A broad research community has emerged around with about 40 peer-reviewed journals (Serenko & Bontis, 2013a, 2013b; Serenko, Bontis, Booker, Sadeddin, & Hardie, 2010) which has attracted scholars from fields such as management, information management and library sciences, psychology and organizational studies, sociology and computer sciences as well as engineering and philosophy (Baskerville & Dulipovici, 2006; Gu, 2004; Lee & Chen, 2012; Martin, 2008; Venzin, Von Krogh, & Roos, 1998; Wallace, Van Fleet, & Downs, 2011). The assessment of the KM field ranges from suggestions that KM is in a state of "pre-science" with different paradigms and disagreement about fundamentals in the field (Hazlett, McAdam, & Gallagher, 2005) while others see a ‘healthy arena with a strong foundation in multiple theories and clear direction for future work (Baskerville & Dulipovici, 2006).
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Gyoh, S. "Exploring the knowledge dimensions of Non-Governmental Organisation campaigning on global poverty and inequality : a Network Society perspective." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1476255/.
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Beyond taking specific action in challenging global poverty and inequality, Nongovernmental Organisation (NGO) campaigning also aims to increase public awareness and understanding about the campaign issues. However, surveys on public concern about global poverty in the United Kingdom (UK) suggest falling levels of public understanding in spite of the campaigns undertaken by NGOs, and the rise in public donations. This thesis investigates how NGOs identify, frame and communicate the information they disseminate to their campaigners as knowledge about global poverty and inequality. It is concerned with how NGO campaigning can move from providing basic awareness, to enhancing the UK’s public understanding about the causes of global poverty. The practices of two categories of NGOs were investigated in examining the modes of communication they adopt for campaigning, and opportunities for their campaigners to be involved in framing and disseminating knowledge on the campaign issue. It analysed NGO representations of global poverty as part of framing knowledge that shape public perception of global poverty, and explored how NGOs can engage with campaigners as end users of knowledge. The thesis draws on recent discussions on the distinctive modes of communication NGOs use in their advocacy, as well as Castells’ concept of Network Society in analysing NGO campaigning in an era where knowledge production is diffused. I adopted organisational knowledge theory, which proposes “knowledge” as pertinent and actionable information. The collective case study approach was used to investigate the practices of two student-led organisations and three International NGOs (INGOs) that engage in campaigning to mobilise public action through raising awareness about global poverty and inequality. I found that the practices and communication strategies of student-led organisations mediated the involvement of their campaigners in framing the campaign issues, and to become multipliers of knowledge about the campaign issue. The INGOs on the other hand targeted policy makers in their communication. I argued that an approach to campaigning that involved campaigners in identifying and framing the campaign issue provide opportunities to multiply their narratives. I proposed that NGOs could mediate the involvement of their campaigners to become catalysts for multiplying public understanding about global poverty.
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Carloni, Elisa. "The combination of local and global knowledge in clustering processes: The role of public-private interaction." Doctoral thesis, Urbino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11576/2683319.
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Jalilov, Orkhan, Thomas Köhler, Manjula Vithanapathirana, Shironica P. Karunanayaka, Sandra Hummel, and Bridget Sheehan. "EdTec Implementation in a global higher education network: Empirical data from a field study in South Asia." TUDpress, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73594.
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This paper examines the appropriateness of using educational technologies toward increasing flexibility of learning in a global higher education in South Asia. The integration of information and communication technology (ICT) into education is widely perceived as an essential aspect of teaching and learning in contemporary society and therefore embodied in education policies across many countries, Cambodia and Sri Lanka included. Authors consider the argument that while interactive educational technologies may be appropriate in countries in which self-directed study and student autonomy are emphasised, a similar use of educational technologies may be found appropriate. Yet, in South Asian countries, education has traditionally been more tightly structured and teacher-directed that is why this paper does examine government policies toward the use of educational technologies in higher education in Cambodia and Sri Lanka. Qualitative analyses of both needs and challenges of introducing and implementing ICT in these particular cultural contexts are considered as preconditions for an effective implementation of Higher Education (HE) skill development. Subsequently, a plan is concluded of how to implement EdTec in that HE network to trigger awareness about further steps of the recent measure.
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Forrest, Jeffrey S. "Information Policies and Practices of Knowledge Management(KM) as Related to the Development of the Global Aviation Information Network(GAIN)- An Applied Case Study and Taxonomy Development." NSUWorks, 2006. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/525.
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The Global Aviation Information Network (GAIN) was initiated in response to U.S. Government policies seeking to reduce airline accidents. GAIN was to disseminate airline or aviation safety information in environments where public disclosure impedes the diffusion of information. Government legislation such as the U.S. Freedom of Information Act and other information policies create risks of public disclosure to those reporting information. Therefore, the problem investigated in this research was to identity and evaluate potential solutions to policy issues in public disclosure that prevent the collection and sharing of aviation safety information.
Interactions between GAIN, information policy, and knowledge management (KM) and their impact on the diffusion of information were explored. A generalized taxonomy and ontology of KM was interpreted and presented. This taxonomy represents grounded theory developed from examination of examples and cases of KM contained in the literature. This taxonomy may be used to address challenges related to information or knowledge diffusion in various settings.
A specialized taxonomy and ontology addressing issues controlling the diffusion of airline safety information was interpreted. This taxonomy presented issues related to diffusion, disclosure, and policy that may be used to help design and implement airline safety information sharing systems. Content analysis and text-mining processes were used to help interpret and develop the taxonomies, ontologies, and recommendations made in this study. This dissertation presents models for using these techniques to develop taxonomy and related ontology from published documentation and recorded interviews. Practitioners may use the methodology of this study to build taxonomy and ontology in other areas of study.
Inductive reasoning was used to develop potential solutions to policy issues in public disclosure that prevent the collection and sharing of aviation safety information within GAIN's community and network of practice. GAIN should evolve into a community of practice serving as an information intermediary to various alliances seeking to share aviation safety information. GAIN should focus on assisting alliances with creating environments of trust, collaboration, and the development of policies and fair processes for addressing public disclosure as a barrier to the diffusion of aviation safety information.
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Löwgren, Josefina Jie. "SSAB Global Business Development : A Study of the International Marketing Expansion Model for HWP in China." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-18121.
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The purpose of the research is to assess if the franchising conceptual model is an applicable model for the HWP international market expansion in China. The assessment will be carried out through the extensive investigations into SSAB/HWP internal and external forces including transfer of knowledge in the MNC, position building in business networks, products positioning and sales situation on the Chinese market to define the risk and opportunity. As well as the theories of the internationalization, marketing strategy and models will be referred to evaluate the franchising model, which can be adopted in China. The research questions are how can the franchising concept be adopted as an applicable model for the Hardox Wearparts international market expansion in China? What are the appropriate suggestions for the improvements to the further implementation of the model? By adopting four research methods of qualitative research strategy, a multidimensional purpose of the research has been conducted in order to gather first-hand data, study a specific case and investigate the multidimensional environments for the implementation of the HWP international market expansion model. The main research methods include 1) questionnaire & survey, 2) qualitative interviewing, 3) observation, and 4) collection and qualitative analysis of texts, document, e- research materials and data. The conclusion of the research is that there are several internal- and external factors, which have affected the HWP´s market expansion in China negatively during the year. It is a sensible decision to emphasize China as a single largest market for the HWP business development. The market seeking strategy by the infusion of the franchising concept is an appropriate decision for the HWP market expansion in China. The conceptual franchising model by SSAB is appropriate to both the theoretical model and Chinese regulation on the franchises. However, to implement this franchising model in China, it requires several significant improvements on those four key components/success factors which are 1) internationalization entry model, 2) transfer of knowledge within the MNC, 3) learning in the foreign market network, and 4) position-building in the business networks. Together with the improvements on four key components/success factors, the franchising concept will be an applicable model for the HWP international market expansion in China.
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Buxbaum-Conradi, Sonja [Verfasser], and Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Oßenbrügge. "Global and local knowledge dynamics in an industry during modular transition : A case study of the Airbus production network and the Aerospace Cluster in Hamburg, Northern Germany / Sonja Buxbaum-Conradi ; Betreuer: Jürgen Oßenbrügge." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1166851125/34.
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Vernhes, Gabriel. "Les relations entre sciences, technologies et territoires au cœur de la souveraineté nationale : une approche structurale sur longue période." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAE002.
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Cette thèse explore la dimension territoriale des échanges de connaissances scientifiques et technologiques essentiels au processus d'innovation sur des domaines technologiques intéressant la défense, tels que l'armement, l'équipement aérospatial et l'impression 3D. Elle explore l'intégration des avancées scientifiques dans le développement technologique et analyse l'autonomie stratégique des territoires en tant que capacité à produire, utiliser et diffuser des connaissances de manière indépendante. Cette autonomie dans les secteurs stratégiques de l'innovation de défense est au coeur des enjeux contemporains de souveraineté nationale. Adoptant une perspective institutionnaliste, cette recherche positionne le processus d'innovation au sein d'un système d'innovation national, envisageant le territoire comme une entité sociale, politique et culturelle qui facilite l'échange de connaissances. Notre démarche empirique repose sur l'utilisation de données de brevets d'invention et d'articles scientifiques à grande échelle pour créer des réseaux de connaissances mondiaux, fondés sur les citations et la proximité sémantique. Nous adoptons pour cela une approche structurale qui mobilise la théorie des graphes d'influence, combinée à des méthodes économétriques robustes pour interpréter nos mesures.Nous observons l'existence de deux réseaux de connaissances à l'échelle mondiale. Le premier, composé de connaissances explicites, facilement diffusables et assimilables par les différents territoires. L'analyse de ces réseaux permet de comparer la maîtrise des connaissances stratégiques entre territoires, identifiant des situations de domination ou de dépendance vis-à-vis des productions extérieures. Le second réseau, plus ancré localement, inclut des connaissances tacites, incarnées dans les individus et leurs réseaux d'interactions sociales et donc géographiquement bornées. Ce réseau permet d'expliquer la persistance des expertises nationales à long terme, malgré l'internationalisation des échanges de connaissances facilitée par la mondialisation et le développement des technologies de l'information et de la communication.Nous démontrons que la coexistence de ces réseaux est cruciale dans le processus de maturation des connaissances. Bien que l'activité scientifique soit plus codifiée et globalisée que l'activité technologique, elle présente un fort ancrage territorial, stimulant l'innovation locale par des échanges de connaissances tacites. Ces résultats soutiennent le financement de certains domaines scientifiques comme vecteur pour renforcer la souveraineté nationale sur les innovations stratégiquesThis thesis delves into the territorial dimension of scientific and technological knowledge exchange, a pivotal aspect of the innovation process. It focuses on defence-related technological fields, such as weaponry, aerospace equipment and 3D printing, to scrutinize how scientific advancements are integrated into technological development. Furthermore, our analysis focuses on measuring strategic autonomy of national territories, assessing their capacity to independently produce, use and disseminate knowledge. This form of autonomy in critical defence innovation sectors is a key factor in current discussions on national sovereignty.From an institutionalist viewpoint, this manuscript situates the innovation process within the national innovation system framework. In this context, territory is understood as a social, political and cultural construct that facilitates interactions and the exchange of knowledge.Our empirical method mobilizes quantitative methods using a large number of patent data and scientific publications to establish global knowledge networks, based on citations and semantic proximity. In this regard, we employ a structural approach, integrating influence graph theory consolidated with econometric models.Our findings reveal two distinct global knowledge networks. The first, encompassing explicit knowledge, can be easily disseminated, and assimilated across various territories. The analysis of these networks permits a comparative evaluation of the control over strategic knowledge among different territories, highlighting situations of dominance or dependence on external sources of knowledge. The second network, with more local roots, comprises tacit, applied knowledge that is intrinsic to individuals and their social interaction networks, thereby being geographically bounded. This network accounts for the sustained presence of national expertise over an extended period, notwithstanding the globalized nature of knowledge exchange driven by globalisation and the advancement of information and communication technologies.Our study shows that the coexistence of these networks is essential in knowledge maturation. Despite the more codified and globalized nature of scientific activity compared to technological, it retains strong territorial ties, fostering local innovation through tacit knowledge exchange. These insights suggest that investments in specific domains are crucial for enhancing national sovereignty in strategic innovation
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Surel-Meley, Marie. "Vivre avec un diabète au Burkina Faso : Pratiques de santé confrontées au modèle global d'autonomie du patient." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3112.
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Cette thèse propose d’interroger les conditions locales d’insertion d’un modèle de gestion autonome de la maladie chronique dans le contexte d’émergence du diabète comme problème de santé publique au Burkina Faso. La réflexion prend appui sur un corpus ethnographique qui croise des récits d’expérience de la maladie, l’observation d’activités médicales et de pratiques de soins, ainsi que l’expérience singulière de l’anthropologue impliqué dans la quête thérapeutique de son logeur. Une approche socio-ethnologique d’un village bwa permet de caractériser un espace social alimentaire local et d’identifier les dimensions culturelles et sociales de la santé et de la maladie. Des éclairages historiques et politiques sont convoqués pour penser le rapport des patients au système de soins local. Les savoirs ordinaires sur le diabète sont interrogés dans leurs modalités de construction et leurs finalités pratiques. Les itinéraires thérapeutiques des patients révèlent la perception de risques sociaux liés à une individualisation des comportements alimentaires. Une logique de la “débrouillardise“ permet de “contenir“ le diabète dans un contexte d’incertitudes que majore le coût rédhibitoire des traitements. Les limites actuelles d’une médicalisation du diabète sont analysées en regard de la qualité de vie des patients. Cette approche du contexte laisse penser que l’application locale du projet global d’autonomisation des patients fait émerger de nouveaux enjeux au cœur même de la relation de soins. La thèse ouvre sur une réflexion concernant l’articulation des pratiques locales, du modèle global, et du paradigme du care dans la perspective d’une amélioration du quotidien des patientsThis PhD dissertation proposes to examine local conditions of the insertion of a model of self-management of chronic disease in the context of the emergence of diabetes as a public health problem in Burkina Faso. The reflection is based on an ethnographic corpus that includes stories of illness experience, observation of medical activities and care practices, as well as the singular experience of the anthropologist involved in a therapeutic quest for his host. A socio-anthropological approach of a bwa village (Dédougou area) characterizes the local food social space and identifies the cultural and social dimensions of health and disease. Historical and political insights are invited to think about the relationship between patients and the local health system. The modalities of construction and practical purposes of lay knowledge about diabetes are questioned. Therapeutic itineraries of patients reveal the perception of social risks related to individualized eating behaviors. A logic of "resourcefulness" can "manage" diabetes in a context of uncertainty that increases the prohibitive cost of treatment. The current limits of medicalization of diabetes are analyzed with respect to patients’ quality of life. This contextualisation suggests that the local application of the global project to empower patients produces the emergence of new issues at the heart of care relationship. The thesis opens a reflection on the articulation between local practices, global model, and the paradigm of care, understood in the perspective of improving patients’ lives
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Gwilliams, Christopher. "Using local and global knowledge in wireless sensor networks." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/73423/.
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have advanced rapidly in recent years and the volume of raw data received at an endpoint can be huge. We believe that the use of local knowledge, acquired from sources such as the surrounding environment, users and previously sensed data, can improve the efficiency of a WSN and automate the classification of sensed data. We define local knowledge as knowledge about an area that has been gained through experience or experimentation. With this in mind, we have developed a three-tiered architecture for WSNs that uses differing knowledge-processing capabilities at each tier, called the Knowledge-based Hierarchical Architecture for Sensing (KHAS). A novel aligning ontology has been created to support K-HAS, joining widely used, domain-specific ontologies from the sensing and observation domains. We have shown that, as knowledge-processing capabilities are pushed further out into the network, the profit - defined as the value of sensed data - is increased; where the profit is defined as the value of the sensed data received by the end user. Collaborating with Cardiff University School of Biosciences, we have deployed a variation of K-HAS in the Malaysian rainforest to capture images of endangered wildlife, as well as to automate the collection and classification of these images. Technological limitations prevented a complete implementation of K-HAS and an amalgamation of tiers was made to create the Local knowledge Ontology-based Remote-sensing Informatics System (LORIS). A two week deployment in Malaysia suggested that the architecture was viable and that, even using local knowledge at the endpoint of a WSN, improved the efficiency of the network. A simulation was implemented to model K-HAS and this indicated that the network became more efficient as knowledge was pushed further out towards the edge, by allowing nodes to prioritise sensed data based on inferences about its content.
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Sato, Atsuko. "Beyond boundaries Japan, knowledge, and transnational networks in global atmospheric politics /." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/53965208.html.
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Benoit, Florence. "Multinational firms in (global) cities: mimicry, knowledge networks, and economic growth." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2021. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/341/1/Benoit_phdthesis.pdf.
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This dissertation examines the dynamic interrelationship between MNEs and cities. First, it examines cities as MNEs’ foreign direct investment location choice and imitation processes within these FDI location choices. Imitation not only enhances the attractiveness of the city by contributing to the generation of agglomeration economies and by encouraging additional imitation, but it also contributes to the further development of the international connectivity of the city and the creation of global knowledge networks. Second, this dissertation introduces a new measure of international connectivity of cities in terms of collaboration on innovation. In addition, it elaborates on the interrelated roles of different types of international connectivity on city economic growth and the influence of this connectivity on the surrounding areas of the city. The dissertation has four contributing chapters, in addition to an introduction (Chapter 1) and general conclusion (Chapter 6).
Chapter 2 examines the role of domestic cultural characteristics and investor heterogeneity in shaping imitation of foreign direct investment location choices by MNEs. While existing research has indicated that firms may imitate their peers in order to gain legitimacy among stakeholders, a national cultural dimension has rarely been included. The chapter argues that imitation processes depend on the presence of three cultural traits of home countries, i.e. collectivism, power distance and uncertainty avoidance, which can jointly act as domestic conformity forces strengthening the incentive to imitate. This influence is most salient in particular for firms that lack substantial domestic legitimacy and those that have limited multinational operations. The empirical findings, using a conditional logit model on a sample of 1050 greenfield manufacturing investments in the United States by 662 firms based in 35 different home countries, confirm that the tendency to engage in imitation is stronger for firms based in home countries characterized by greater collectivism and overall national conformity forces. Furthermore, the empirical findings conclude that less legitimate firms and firms with limited multinational operations are significantly responsive to two domestic cultural traits, i.e. collectivism and power distance. This may imply that targeted policies in attracting FDI from countries with such domestic conformity forces may prove to be more effective by follow up investments, yet it will attract in particular smaller and younger firms and firms with limited multinational operations.
Chapter 3 puts forward a new measurement of international connectivity of global cities focusing on collaborations in innovation, by drawing on a novel and extensive database of geocoded patent inventor addresses. While existing research has mainly measured international connectivity by the worldwide office networks of advanced producer services firms (e.g. consulting, accounting and insurance firms) in cities, a more inclusive understanding of city connectivity remains absent. Hence, this chapter looks at international connectivity based on another central function of global cities, i.e. their role as prominent spaces for knowledge exchange and collaboration on innovation. The findings of this chapter, focusing on the 125 cities in 46 countries, confirm the role of global cities as prominent places for knowledge exchange and collaboration of innovation and the growing importance of international collaboration for innovation.
Chapter 4 compares the new measure of connectivity based on innovation collaboration to the traditional indicator on advanced producer services for 129 cities in 76 countries. The findings suggest broadly similar trends, but also highlight some important differences suggesting specialization advantages of a strong position in one of the two networks. When analyzing the simultaneous and interrelated influences of the knowledge network and the advanced producer services network of cities on their economic growth using a fixed effects panel regression, the findings suggest that both aspects of cities’ international connectivity may allow their economies to grow, but that they reduce each other’s association with city economic growth. This suggest that specialization in one type of network and connectivity and building on existing strengths may be more beneficial.
Chapter 5 analyses the influence of global city international connectivity on collaborative linkages of the city with the surrounding area of these global cities. It argues that the international connectivity may render global cities less likely to establish intensive local innovation linkages with surrounding areas, but that the nature of this relationship may depend on the characteristics of the global city and their surroundings. More specifically, we argue that global linkages are more detrimental to the establishment of local linkages if the global city is a technology leader, but less so if the surrounding area has a greater absorptive capacity and features a smaller travel distance to the global city. The findings, based on the collaborative linkages of 21 US global cities and 614 surrounding counties using a fixed effects Poisson regression model, provide clear indications of international connectedness being associated with local disconnectedness. However, it also suggests that the relationship between global city international connectivity and their local linkages depends on the characteristics of both the global city and their surrounding area. This illustrates that knowledge exchange does not always cause an equal spread of opportunities across geographies and calls for innovation policies focusing on improving the knowledge convergence between the surrounding areas and cities.
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Dean, Erin. "Beyond Community: "Global" Conservation Networks and "Local" Organization in Tanzania and Zanzibar." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195624.
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This dissertation explores the complex structures and diverse experiences of globalization through the specific analytical lens of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). CBNRM is an undertaking which is fundamentally local but also integrally connected to transnational conservation ideology and national structures of authority. While recent critiques of community-based conservation projects have challenged the universal efficacy of the approach, CBNRM continues to be a ubiquitous conservation paradigm and to provide lingering hope for local empowerment through resource management. Focusing on two community-based conservation groups formed in Tanzania and Zanzibar, this dissertation looks at the experience of local groups attempting to engage with broader national or international conservation networks by focusing on three tropes of globalization theory: intersections between traditional ecological knowledge and western science, the relationship between civil society and the state, and the specific mechanisms for local engagement with national and global entities. The community groups in this study use dynamic and adaptive strategies to channel resources into their communities. However, they also face significant structural constraints, many of which reveal the neocolonial effects of transnational conservation ideology. This work explores both the factors limiting or manipulating local participation in resource management and the strategies used by these two community-based conservation groups to ensure their participation in spite of those limitations.
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Angeli, Federica <1980>. "Knowledge Flows and Networks: the Interplay between Local and Global Linkages within Bangalore IT Cluster." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1505/1/Angeli_Federica_Tesi.pdf.
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This doctoral work gains deeper insight into the dynamics of knowledge flows within and across clusters, unfolding their features, directions and strategic implications. Alliances, networks and personnel mobility are acknowledged as the three main channels of inter-firm knowledge flows, thus offering three heterogeneous measures to analyze the phenomenon. The interplay between the three channels and the richness of available research methods, has allowed for the elaboration of three different papers and perspectives. The common empirical setting is the IT cluster in Bangalore, for its distinguished features as a high-tech cluster and for its steady yearly two-digit growth around the service-based business model.
The first paper deploys both a firm-level and a tie-level analysis, exploring the cases of 4 domestic companies and of 2 MNCs active the cluster, according to a cluster-based perspective. The distinction between business-domain knowledge and technical knowledge emerges from the qualitative evidence, further confirmed by quantitative analyses at tie-level. At firm-level, the specialization degree seems to be influencing the kind of knowledge shared, while at tie-level both the frequency of interaction and the governance mode prove to determine differences in the distribution of knowledge flows. The second paper zooms out and considers the inter-firm networks; particularly focusing on the role of cluster boundary, internal and external networks are analyzed, in their size, long-term orientation and exploration degree. The research method is purely qualitative and allows for the observation of the evolving strategic role of internal network: from exploitation-based to exploration-based. Moreover, a causal pattern is emphasized, linking the evolution and features of the external network to the evolution and features of internal network. The final paper addresses the softer and more micro-level side of knowledge flows: personnel mobility. A social capital perspective is here developed, which considers both employees’ acquisition and employees’ loss as building inter-firm ties, thus enhancing company’s overall social capital. Negative binomial regression analyses at dyad-level test the significant impact of cluster affiliation (cluster firms vs non-cluster firms), industry affiliation (IT firms vs non-IT fims) and foreign affiliation (MNCs vs domestic firms) in shaping the uneven distribution of personnel mobility, and thus of knowledge flows, among companies.
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Angeli, Federica <1980>. "Knowledge Flows and Networks: the Interplay between Local and Global Linkages within Bangalore IT Cluster." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1505/.
Full textAbstract:
This doctoral work gains deeper insight into the dynamics of knowledge flows within and across clusters, unfolding their features, directions and strategic implications. Alliances, networks and personnel mobility are acknowledged as the three main channels of inter-firm knowledge flows, thus offering three heterogeneous measures to analyze the phenomenon. The interplay between the three channels and the richness of available research methods, has allowed for the elaboration of three different papers and perspectives. The common empirical setting is the IT cluster in Bangalore, for its distinguished features as a high-tech cluster and for its steady yearly two-digit growth around the service-based business model.
The first paper deploys both a firm-level and a tie-level analysis, exploring the cases of 4 domestic companies and of 2 MNCs active the cluster, according to a cluster-based perspective. The distinction between business-domain knowledge and technical knowledge emerges from the qualitative evidence, further confirmed by quantitative analyses at tie-level. At firm-level, the specialization degree seems to be influencing the kind of knowledge shared, while at tie-level both the frequency of interaction and the governance mode prove to determine differences in the distribution of knowledge flows. The second paper zooms out and considers the inter-firm networks; particularly focusing on the role of cluster boundary, internal and external networks are analyzed, in their size, long-term orientation and exploration degree. The research method is purely qualitative and allows for the observation of the evolving strategic role of internal network: from exploitation-based to exploration-based. Moreover, a causal pattern is emphasized, linking the evolution and features of the external network to the evolution and features of internal network. The final paper addresses the softer and more micro-level side of knowledge flows: personnel mobility. A social capital perspective is here developed, which considers both employees’ acquisition and employees’ loss as building inter-firm ties, thus enhancing company’s overall social capital. Negative binomial regression analyses at dyad-level test the significant impact of cluster affiliation (cluster firms vs non-cluster firms), industry affiliation (IT firms vs non-IT fims) and foreign affiliation (MNCs vs domestic firms) in shaping the uneven distribution of personnel mobility, and thus of knowledge flows, among companies.
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Fourie, Colin Ralph. "Collaborative regional organisational networks : cultivating regional knowledge diffusion to become globally competitive." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97096.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis takes as its focus collaborative regional organisational networks. It is argued that in knowledge intensive sectors, such collaboration clusters are an important factor for being competitive in a global economy. To substantiate this claim, both a regional case study of the KwaZulu-Natal Information and Communications and Electronics Technology (ICTE) cluster forum is undertaken and a single firm case of MicroVision Software, a member of the cluster forum. The introductory chapter provides background about the global extent of collaborative activity especially in the high technology and knowledge-intensive sectors. Chapter 2 examines how regions across the world have developed strategies to grow and maintain their economic strengths in the knowledge economy. This is primarily described through two reference cases studies. The case of the Humberside Training and Enterprise Council (TEC) conducted by Fryer, comprising around 70 organisations, is an example of how the principles of complexity theory can be implemented to yield a network model based on autonomy, connectivity, feedback, community and leadership. This case provides a reference model for how to provide an enabling environment for collaborative knowledge networks. The flat panel display (FPD) research done by Spencer demonstrates the effectiveness of successful regional strategies for convergent, knowledge-diffusion networks. Spencer’s work shows that whilst most FPD technologies were initially invented in US laboratories in the 1960s, all portable computers produced after 1989 contained Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screens that were primarily manufactured in Asia. Spencer found that regions were most competitive when the regional knowledge-diffusion networks are at their highest density levels and when guided by a strategic centre. Chapter 3 turns to the macro case study of the KZN ICTE Cluster Forum. The forum was established to address factors identified in a study commissioned by the KZN DEDT, which found that whilst the electronics sector in KZN has many innovative firms and skilful graduates, knowledge diffusion networks are virtually non-existent. The case study shows how this forum tried to encourage collaboration, but failed to accomplish most of its goals. Chapter 4 provides a micro case study of a particular organisation, MicroVision Software, that participated in the KZN ICTE Cluster Forum. The case takes the form of participatory or action research, because it is about the author's own journey as an entrepreneur. The case study shows the critical role that network ties and networked organisation played in the projects undertaken. It is shown how the organisation underwent many phases of re-invention as a result of changes in the ICT environment. It is argued that the various education management systems developed, which involve large systems integration challenges, can only succeed if a clustered organisation is developed around it. The concluding chapter considered how the ICTE Cluster Forum could be re-invigorated, given the lessons from the reference case studies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis fokus op organisatoriese streeksamewerkingsnetwerke. Hierin word daar argumenteer dat in kennis intensiewe sektore in die globale ekonomie sulke samewerkingsnetwerke ‘n sentrale kompeterende faktor is. Om hierdie stelling te bevestig word twee gevallestudies ondersoek, naamlik die KwaZulu-Natal Information and Communications and Electronics Technology (ICTE) groepsforum en ‘n enkele firma, MicroVision Software, wat ‘n lid is van hierdie forum. Die inleidende hoofstuk skets die agtergrond van die globale omvang van samewerkingsnetwerke met die klem op die hoë tegnologie- en kennis- intensiewe sektore. Hoofstuk 2 ondersoek hoe streke wêreldwyd strategieë ontwikkel het om hulle ekonomieë te groei en hulle ekonomiese voordeel te handhaaf in die kennis- ekonomie. Dit word hoofsaaklik beskryf met die hulp van twee gevallestudies wat as verwysingspunt dien vir die latere gevallestudies wat uitgevoer is. Die geval van Humberside Training and Enterprise Council (TEC), ‘n ondersoek van ongeveer 70 organisasies deur Fryer, is ‘n voorbeeld van hoe die beginsels van kompleksiteitsteorie geimplimenteer kan word om ‘n netwerkmodel te vestig wat geskoei is op outonomie, konneksies, terugvoerlusse, en leierskap. Die geval bied ‘n verwysingsraamwerk vir die skep van ‘n vrugbare omgewing vir samewerkende kennisnetwerke. Die platpaneelskerm (Flat Panel Display) industrie navorsing deur Spencer demonsteer die effektiwiteit van suksesvolle streekstrategieë vir uiteenlopende, kennisgebaseerde verspreidingsnetwerke. Spencer se werk illustreer dat alhoewel die meeste platpaneelskerm-navorsing aanvanklik in Amerikaanse laboratoria plaasgevind het, alle skootrekenaars wat na 1989 vervaardig is, vloeikristalskerms (LCD) wat van Asië afkomstig was bevat het. Spencer het bevind dat areas hoogs kompeterend was wanneer kennisgebaseerde verspreidingsnetwerke op sy hoogste digtheidsvlakke was en deur ‘n strategiese sentrum bestuur is. Hoofstuk 3 fokus op die makro gevallestudie van die KZN ICTE groepsforum. Die forum is gestig om kwessies wat geїdentifiseer is in ‘n studie aangevra deur die KZN DEDT aan te spreek. Dié studie het bevind dat alhoewel die elektronika sektor in KZN bestaan uit baie innoverende firmas en bedien is deur bekwame graduandi, het kennisgebaseerde verspreidingsnetwerke feitlik nie bestaan nie. Die studie toon hoe hierdie forum samewerking aangemoedig het, maar tog gefaal het in die meeste van sy doelwitte. Hoofstuk 4 bied ‘n mikro gevallestudie van ‘n spesifieke maatskappy, Microvision Software, wat deel was van die KZN ICTE groepsforum. Dit handel oor die outeur se eie wedervaringe as ‘n entrepreneur en is dus aksie navorsing. Dié gevallestudie belig die kritiese rol wat netwerke gespeel het in die sukses van die projekte wat die maatskappy onderneem het. Dit wys hoe die maatskappy verskillende fases van herontdekking en herposisionering as gevolg van voortdurende verandering in die inligtingstegnologie-landskap ondergaan het. Daar word geargumenteer dat die verskeie opvoedkundige bestuurstelsels ,wat grootskaalse integrasieuitdagings bied, slegs suksesvol kan wees wanneer daar ‘n samewerkingsnetwerk daar rondom gevestig word. Die finale hoofstuk oorweeg die moontlikhede van herlewing en bemagtiging van die ICTE groepsforum.
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Rovira, Nordman Emilia. "Interaction across borders : a study about experiential knowledge development in internationalizing SMEs." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2009. http://www2.hhs.se/efi/summary/812.htm.
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Melén, Sara. "New insights on the internationalisation process of SMEs : a study of foreign market knowledge development." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Marknadsföring, Distributionsekonomi och Industriell Dynamik (D), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-439.
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An increasing number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) expand their businesses into foreign markets. Some SMEs begin to operate abroad soon after their establishment. These so-called born globals demonstrate a more rapid internationalisation compared with other SMEs. This thesis develops a deeper understanding of the internationalisation process of SMEs, by studying how born globals and other SMEs develop foreign market knowledge during the international expansion. The internationalisation process is divided into three phases; the pre-firm internationalisation phase, the initial internationalisation phase and the continued internationalisation phase. Based on a qualitative study of 14 biotech SMEs and a questionnaire survey of 188 SMEs from various industries, new insights on the internationalisation process of SMEs and born globals are presented. By extending the analysis of SMEs’ internationalisation to a phase prior to their establishment and by continuing to follow these firms during their operations in foreign markets, the findings of this thesis show how the knowledge and personal networks of key individuals relate to the firm’s development of foreign market knowledge. The thesis also advances the understanding of how an SME develops foreign market knowledge from its business network relationships. In summary, the result of this thesis shows that a rapid expansion in several foreign markets can hold back an SME’s development of foreign market knowledge and lead to difficulties in developing the firm’s operations in the continued internationalisation phase.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2009. Sammanfattning jämte 6 uppsatser
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Eklund, Joakim, and Fred Isaksson. "Leveraging a third-party association in Silicon Valley : Conceptualising Born Global Firm processes for Innovation & Internationalisation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355099.
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The academic society have in the recent past addressed the current ecosystem for new and existing business as a knowledge society. An era of globalisation and advanced technologies, where tacit knowledge has become an essential commodity for all firms in all industries looking to maintain a competitive level of productivity. Consequently, a substantial number of young companies are emerging worldwide with an exogenous approach of receiving knowledge as input in their process of being innovative. They leverage externalities rather than internal research and development. A suggested way of doing this is by utilising the natural advantages and values of an area, often remote from their country of residence. In this study, we suggest that this seeking of regions dense in innovative activity gives rise to young companies performing of international operations. We presume that business is becoming increasingly borderless, and assume the perspective of companies with innate international ambitions, born global firms. We suggest that the reason for early international activity varies from seeking new foreign markets to merely gaining from the input of outside expertise in offshore areas, dense in innovative activities. Following, we use the case of a local third-party association, namely the Nordic Innovation House in Silicon Valley to partly study why and how firms leverage values in the area and further the role of the association. This is done in the context of streamlining innovative and international activity. Findings verify that seeking knowledge as input in the process of innovation is a driving force to international activities. Allowing for interesting connections between previously separated concepts. Furthermore, we account for how a firm leverages the natural advantages and values of an spatially defined area. Finally, we confirm that being able to connect with the right people and gaining relevant knowledge is done with considerably more ease and to a significantly lower cost with the help of a third-party association. Consequently, the firms exhibited accelerated and more efficient processes of innovation and internationalisation.
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SVANTESSON, ROMANOV VIKTOR, and IDA GULLQVIST. "Increasing analytics maturity by establishing analytics networks and spreading the use of Lean Six Sigma : A case study of a global B2B company." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190197.
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Organisations with high-performing data and analytics capabilities are more successful than organisations with lower analytics maturity. It is therefore necessary for organisations to assess their analytics capabilities and needs in order to identify and evaluate areas of improvement that need to be addressed. This was the purpose of this case study conducted on a region in a global B2B organisation, which has a centrally established analytics function on corporate level, wanting the use of analytics to be integrated in more of the region’s processes and analytical capabilities and resources being used as efficient as possible.To fulfil the thesis purpose, empirical data was collected through qualitative interviews with employees on corporate level, more quantitative interviews with regional employees and a questionnaire issued to regional employees. This was complemented with a thorough literature study which provided the analytics maturity models used for identifying the current capabilities on a holistic level of the region, as well as analytics setups, Lean Six Sigma and Knowledge Management. Results show a relatively low analytics maturity due to e.g. insufficient support from management, unclear responsibility of analytics, data not being used correctly or requested enough and various issues with competence, tools and sources.This study contributes to analytics research by identifying that analytics maturity models available free of charge only are good for inspiration and not full use when used in a large company. Furthermore, the study shows that complexities arise when having a central analytics function with low analytics maturity while other parts of the company face analytics problems but no indications are given on who and what to proceed on or not. This study therefore results in contributing with a proposition for companies wanting to increase its analytics maturity that this could be facilitated by establishing networks for analytics. Combining literature and empirics show that networks enable investigation of the analytics situation while at the same time enabling increased sharing, collaboration, innovation, coordination and dissemination. By making Lean Six Sigma a central part of the network analytics will be used more and better while at the same time increasing the success-rate of change and improvements projects.
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Ståhlberg, Jonas, and Tobias Lindebring. "Dom kallar oss cleantech : Svenska miljöinnovationer som växer globalt." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-28692.
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Syfte – Studien ämnar utveckla en större förståelse för små- och medelstora företags internationaliseringsprocesser och entreprenörskap över tid, samt vilka entreprenöriella element som kan ligga till grund för en global framgång och konkurrenskraft. Studien undersöker svenska företag inom cleantech-sektorerna solenergi, bioenergi, samt transport i syfte att finna insiktsfulla skillnader mellan sektorerna. Design och metod – Studien är designad som en kvalitativ undersökning, i syfte att tillvarata rik och insiktsfull förståelse från tolv svenska cleantech-entreprenörer, med intervjudata som samlats in i ett tidigare forskningsprojekt. Den kvalitativa inriktningen karaktäriseras av en ambition att utveckla och använda olika teorier inom det aktuella forskningsområdet, där studiens empiri är styrande. Resultat – Studiens resultat betonar att de tolv cleantech-entreprenörerna växer olika på internationella marknader och har olika behov, beroende på cleantech-sektor. Cleantech-företagen kan inte beskrivas eller förstås som en homogen grupp företag. Internationalisering bland svenska företag kan över tid beskrivas som en förändring från industrisamhället och dess neoklassiska synsätt till ett kunskapssamhälle, där kunden fungerar som medproducent i den dynamiska värdeskapande processen. I en ständigt föränderlig omvärld kan förståelse för förändring vara en entreprenörs viktigaste förmåga och egenskap. Två viktiga insikter är; (1) entreprenörens förståelse för vad som är ett företags kärnkompetens, och hur kärnkompetensen tillvaratas på bästa sätt; (2) entreprenörens förmåga att våga förändra sin verksamhet och att lyckas göra det på rätt sätt, det vill säga förmågan att åstadkomma effectuation. Studien betonar även hur de tolv cleantech-entreprenörerna kan åstadkomma konkurrenskraft och framgång i sina internationaliseringsprocesser genom att uppnå innanförskap i relevanta nätverk. Ett innanförskap i relevanta nätverk är avhängigt entreprenörernas kunskaper, erfarenheter, förmågor och egenskaper att skapa förtroende och värde i bilaterala relationer. Förmågan att som entreprenör se, förstå och utveckla möjligheter kan vara en nyckelfaktor för att uppnå framgång och konkurrenskraft på utländska marknader. Den främsta kunskapen i dagens föränderliga omvärld är erfarenhetsbaserad och tyst kunskap, eftersom objektiv kunskap endast ger en stillbild av den situationsbundna verkligheten. Studien framhäver några insiktsfulla skillnader mellan solenergiföretagen och bioenergiföretagen, samt transportföretaget, och skapar en större förståelse för fenomenet cleantech. Originalitet – Studiens forskningsområden, SME:s internationalisering och entreprenörskap, sammanflätas med psykologiska (kognitiva) och filosofiska (kunskapsmässiga) element, vilket leder fram till nya perspektiv inom internationell företagsekonomi.Purpose – The study aims to develop a greater understanding of small- and medium sized enterprises internationalization processes and entrepreneurship over time, as well as the entrepreneurial elements that can form the basis for a global success and competitiveness. The study examines Swedish companies in the cleantech sectors solar energy, bioenergy, and transportation in order to find insightful differences. Design and methodology – The study is designed as a qualitative survey, in order to take advantage of the rich and insightful understanding from twelve Swedish cleantech entrepreneurs, with interview data gathered in a previous research project. The qualitative approach is characterized by a desire to develop and use different theories in the research field, where the empirical data is conductive. Findings – The study results emphasize that the twelve cleantech entrepreneurs grows differently within international markets and has different needs, depending on the cleantech sector. The cleantech companies cannot be described nor understood as a homogeneous group of companies. Internationalization of Swedish companies can over time be described as a change from an industrial society and its neo-classical approach into a knowledge society, where the customer serves as co-producer of the dynamic value creation process. In a constantly changing world, understanding change can be the most important entrepreneurial ability and capability. Two important insights are; (1) the entrepreneurs’ understanding of the company’s core competencies, and how the core competencies can serve as an advantage best; (2) the entrepreneurs’ ability to dare make change in their business and being successful doing so correctly, i.e. the ability to achieve effectuation. The study also emphasizes how the twelve cleantech entrepreneurs can achieve competitiveness and success in their internationalization processes by achieve insidership in relevant networks. Insidership in relevant networks depends on entrepreneurs’ knowledge, experience, abilities and capabilities to create trust and value in bilateral relationships. The ability of the entrepreneur to see, understand and develop opportunities can be a key factor for success and competitiveness in foreign markets. The main knowledge in today's changing business environment is experiential and tacit knowledge as objective knowledge provides only a snapshot of the situation-bound reality. The study highlights some insightful differences between solar companies and bioenergy companies, as well as the transportation company, and create a greater understanding of the phenomenon of cleantech. Originality – The study's research field, SME's internationalization and entrepreneurship, intertwines with psychological (cognitive) and philosophical (in terms of knowledge) elements, which leads to new perspectives in international business and administration.
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Mwangi, Nungari. "The power to flourish : unearthing the roots of Kenyan flower producers' market access strategies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289438.
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Powering Kenya's agricultural economy, the Kenyan flower industry is prided as an example of successful African integration into global agricultural trade. Export markets are bifurcated due to a marked shift from the Dutch flower auctions and an increase in trade within 'direct markets' which includes supermarkets and florists. While flower production is dominated by a few vertically integrated, large scale flower farms (>100 ha), mid-scale (20-80 hectares) and small-scale (>0.25 hectares) flower farms which are the focus of the thesis, face a unique set of challenges in terms of navigating access to the more stable direct markets. The overall narrative is that even in a buyer-driven market, Kenyan cut flower producers at the mid and small scale have agency, and they exercise their bargaining power for favourable export access by diversification and differentiation in strategies and networks. Two meta-narratives framing the sector coalesce around the development angle which showcases contestations around labour and environmental abuses and the political economy angle focusing on governance structures and power relations of production. This thesis goes deeper than these meta narratives by introducing micro-level, relational perspectives using the GPN framework, and asks what strategies Kenyan mid and small scale cut flower producers employ to navigate the shifts in export markets as producers diversify from the Dutch auctions towards supermarkets. My findings identify diversification as the common factor in mid and small scale producers' strategies for securing a range of lucrative export markets. Producers' enhance their bargaining power to access diverse markets through adaptable production, relationally through collective action, and in the regulatory sphere by circumvention, compliance or contestation for more favourable 'rules of the game'. Going beyond labour and environmental analyses, the thesis uniquely analyses the knowledge economy originating from the cut flower sector as an undertheorized aspect of its development impact.
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Exley, Beryl Elizabeth. "Teachers' Professional Knowledge Bases for Offshore Education:Two Case Studies of Western Teachers Working in Indonesia." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16021/.
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This research thesis set out to better understand the professional knowledge bases of Western teachers working in offshore education in Indonesia. This research explored what two groups of Western teachers said about the students they taught, their own role, professional and social identity, the knowledge transmitted, and their pedagogical strategies whilst teaching offshore. Such an investigation is significant on a number of levels. Firstly, these teachers were working within a period of rapid economic, political, cultural and educational change described as 'New Times' (Hall, 1996a). Secondly, the experiences of teachers working in offshore education have rarely been reported in the literature (see Johnston, 1999). A review of the literature on teachers' professional knowledge bases (Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999) concluded that, in general terms, teachers draw on three main interrelated and changing knowledge bases: knowledge of content, knowledge of teaching processes and knowledge of their students. This review also explored the notion that teachers had an additional knowledge base that was in a continual state of negotiation and closely related to the aforementioned knowledge bases: teachers' knowledge of their own and students' pedagogic identities (Bernstein, 2000). A theoretical framework appropriate to exploring the overarching research problem was developed. This framework drew on models of teachers' knowledge bases (Elbaz, 1983; Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Nias, 1989; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999), the sociology of knowledge (Bernstein, 1975, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000), and notions of pedagogic identity (Bernstein, 2000). This framework theorised the types of knowledges taught, categories of teaching process knowledge, and the range of pedagogic identities made available to teachers and students in new times. More specifically, this research examined two case studies (see Stake, 1988, 2000; Yin, 1994) of Western teachers employed by Australian educational institutions who worked in Central Java, Indonesia, in the mid-to-late 1990s. The teacher participants from both case studies taught a range of subjects and used English as the medium of instruction. Data for both case studies were generated via semistructured interviews (see Kvale, 1996; Silverman, 1985, 1997). The interviews focused on the teachers' descriptions of the learner characteristics of Indonesian students, their professional roles whilst teaching offshore, and curriculum and pedagogic design. The analyses produced four major findings. The first major finding of the analyses confirmed that the teacher participants in this study drew on all proposed professional knowledge bases and that these knowledge bases were interrelated. This suggests that teachers must have all knowledge bases present for them to do their work successfully. The second major finding was that teachers' professional knowledge bases were constantly being negotiated in response to their beliefs about their work and the past, present and future demands of the local context. For example, the content and teaching processes of English lessons may have varied as their own and their students' pedagogic identities were re-negotiated in different contexts of teaching and learning. Another major finding was that it was only when the teachers entered into dialogue with the Indonesian students and community members and/or reflective dialogue amongst themselves, that they started to question the stereotypical views of Indonesian learners as passive, shy and quiet. The final major finding was that the teachers were positioned in multiple ways by contradictory and conflicting discourses. The analyses suggested that teachers' pedagogic identities were a site of struggle between dominant market orientations and the criteria that the teachers thought should determine who was a legitimate teacher of offshore Indonesian students. The accounts from one of the case studies suggested that dominant market orientations centred on experience and qualifications in unison with prescribed and proscribed cultural, gender and age relations. Competent teachers who were perceived to be white, Western, male and senior in terms of age relations seemed to be the most easily accepted as offshore teachers of foundation programs for Indonesian students. The analyses suggested that the teachers thought that their legitimacy to be an offshore teacher of Indonesian students should be based on their teaching expertise alone. However, managers of Australian offshore educational institutions conceded that it was very difficult to bring about change in terms of teacher legitimisation. These findings have three implications for the work of offshore teachers and program administrators. Firstly, offshore programs that favour the pre-packaging of curricula content with little emphasis on the professional development and support needs of teachers do not foster work conditions which encourage teachers to re-design or modify curricula in response to the specific needs of learners. Secondly, pre-packaged programs do not support teachers to enter into negotiations concerning students' or their own pedagogic identities or the past, present and future demands of local contexts. These are important implications because they affect the way that teachers work, and hence how responsive teachers can be to learners' needs and how active they can be in the negotiation process as it relates to pedagogic identities. Finally, the findings point to the importance of establishing a learning community or learning network to assist Western teachers engaged in offshore educational work in Asian countries such as Indonesia. Such a community or network would enable teachers to engage and modify the complexity of knowledge bases required for effective localised offshore teaching. Given the burgeoning increase in the availability and use of electronic technology in new times, such as internet, emails and web cameras, these learning networks could be set up to have maximum benefit with minimal on-going costs.
27
Exley, Beryl Elizabeth. "Teachers' professional knowledge bases for offshore education : two case studies of western teachers working in Indonesia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16021/1/Beryl_Exley_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This research thesis set out to better understand the professional knowledge bases of Western teachers working in offshore education in Indonesia. This research explored what two groups of Western teachers said about the students they taught, their own role, professional and social identity, the knowledge transmitted, and their pedagogical strategies whilst teaching offshore. Such an investigation is significant on a number of levels. Firstly, these teachers were working within a period of rapid economic, political, cultural and educational change described as 'New Times' (Hall, 1996a). Secondly, the experiences of teachers working in offshore education have rarely been reported in the literature (see Johnston, 1999). A review of the literature on teachers' professional knowledge bases (Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999) concluded that, in general terms, teachers draw on three main interrelated and changing knowledge bases: knowledge of content, knowledge of teaching processes and knowledge of their students. This review also explored the notion that teachers had an additional knowledge base that was in a continual state of negotiation and closely related to the aforementioned knowledge bases: teachers' knowledge of their own and students' pedagogic identities (Bernstein, 2000). A theoretical framework appropriate to exploring the overarching research problem was developed. This framework drew on models of teachers' knowledge bases (Elbaz, 1983; Shulman, 1986a, 1986b, 1987; Nias, 1989; Turner-Bisset, 1997, 1999), the sociology of knowledge (Bernstein, 1975, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000), and notions of pedagogic identity (Bernstein, 2000). This framework theorised the types of knowledges taught, categories of teaching process knowledge, and the range of pedagogic identities made available to teachers and students in new times. More specifically, this research examined two case studies (see Stake, 1988, 2000; Yin, 1994) of Western teachers employed by Australian educational institutions who worked in Central Java, Indonesia, in the mid-to-late 1990s. The teacher participants from both case studies taught a range of subjects and used English as the medium of instruction. Data for both case studies were generated via semistructured interviews (see Kvale, 1996; Silverman, 1985, 1997). The interviews focused on the teachers' descriptions of the learner characteristics of Indonesian students, their professional roles whilst teaching offshore, and curriculum and pedagogic design. The analyses produced four major findings. The first major finding of the analyses confirmed that the teacher participants in this study drew on all proposed professional knowledge bases and that these knowledge bases were interrelated. This suggests that teachers must have all knowledge bases present for them to do their work successfully. The second major finding was that teachers' professional knowledge bases were constantly being negotiated in response to their beliefs about their work and the past, present and future demands of the local context. For example, the content and teaching processes of English lessons may have varied as their own and their students' pedagogic identities were re-negotiated in different contexts of teaching and learning. Another major finding was that it was only when the teachers entered into dialogue with the Indonesian students and community members and/or reflective dialogue amongst themselves, that they started to question the stereotypical views of Indonesian learners as passive, shy and quiet. The final major finding was that the teachers were positioned in multiple ways by contradictory and conflicting discourses. The analyses suggested that teachers' pedagogic identities were a site of struggle between dominant market orientations and the criteria that the teachers thought should determine who was a legitimate teacher of offshore Indonesian students. The accounts from one of the case studies suggested that dominant market orientations centred on experience and qualifications in unison with prescribed and proscribed cultural, gender and age relations. Competent teachers who were perceived to be white, Western, male and senior in terms of age relations seemed to be the most easily accepted as offshore teachers of foundation programs for Indonesian students. The analyses suggested that the teachers thought that their legitimacy to be an offshore teacher of Indonesian students should be based on their teaching expertise alone. However, managers of Australian offshore educational institutions conceded that it was very difficult to bring about change in terms of teacher legitimisation. These findings have three implications for the work of offshore teachers and program administrators. Firstly, offshore programs that favour the pre-packaging of curricula content with little emphasis on the professional development and support needs of teachers do not foster work conditions which encourage teachers to re-design or modify curricula in response to the specific needs of learners. Secondly, pre-packaged programs do not support teachers to enter into negotiations concerning students' or their own pedagogic identities or the past, present and future demands of local contexts. These are important implications because they affect the way that teachers work, and hence how responsive teachers can be to learners' needs and how active they can be in the negotiation process as it relates to pedagogic identities. Finally, the findings point to the importance of establishing a learning community or learning network to assist Western teachers engaged in offshore educational work in Asian countries such as Indonesia. Such a community or network would enable teachers to engage and modify the complexity of knowledge bases required for effective localised offshore teaching. Given the burgeoning increase in the availability and use of electronic technology in new times, such as internet, emails and web cameras, these learning networks could be set up to have maximum benefit with minimal on-going costs.
28
Soontornthum, Tanyaporn. "Acquiring and Utilizing Knowledge in Global Value Chains by Emerging Economy Firms." Phd thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155644.
Full textAbstract:
The program of research presented in this thesis is motivated by
the global value chains (GVCs) phenomenon. The series of three
studies examine the learning of emerging economy (EE) firms
participating in GVCs. The conceptual models developed in these
studies were derived from three different perspectives, namely
network embeddedness, absorptive capacity and resource dependence
theory (RDT). Empirical research was then carried out to reveal
the mechanisms and processes through which knowledge transfer and
learning occur within EE firms. All three studies were conducted
on a sample of Thai manufacturing firms taking part in global
value chains and mainly from six major industries; namely,
consumer electronics and electronics components, machinery and
industrial equipment, automotive parts and motorcycles, furniture
and decor, textile and clothing, gems and jewelry, and other
industries such as chemicals, and iron and steels.
Study 1 (Chapter 3) demonstrates the mediating role of network
embeddedness on the relationship between participation in GVCs
and knowledge transfer benefits. It also takes into account the
moderating roles of historical embeddedness and financial slack
of EE firms. This study finds network embeddedness positively
mediates the association between GVC participation and the amount
of knowledge transferred to EE firms. As expected, the indirect
impact of participation in GVCs on knowledge transfer via network
embeddedness is strengthened by historical embeddedness and
financial slack.
Study 2 (Chapter 4) extends the parallel pathways of the
absorptive capacity model. This study investigates knowledge
characteristics transmitted in GVCs as contingencies which
determine the utilization and effectiveness of the different
pathways within the model. The results support the baseline
hypotheses regarding the parallel pathways of the ACAP model. The
research findings further reveal knowledge specificity
strengthens the relationship between acquisition and
transformation, while knowledge depth weakens the relationship
between assimilation and exploitation, but strengthens that
between transformation and exploitation.
Study 3 (Chapter 5) examines the role of rational embeddedness of
EE firms in GVCs in their learning from global linkages which
leads to future internationalization. The learning contingencies
associated with the learning source’s international dispersion
and the age of the EE firms are also taken into accounted. The
findings reveal product development involvement is positively
related to the subsequent degree of internationalization by EE
firms. Further, geographic dispersion of GVC partners positively
moderates the relationship between product development
involvement and the subsequent degree of internationalization.
Overall, this thesis contributes to enriching the body of
knowledge on EE firms. Study 1 offers an alternative perspective
to partner similarity logic of knowledge transfer by highlighting
legitimacy gained from network embeddedness as a critical
mechanism to access the learning resources available in GVCs.
This study advances current understanding on why the gaining of
knowledge transfer benefits through participating in GVCs is not
automatic. Study 2 highlights that EE firms can achieve learning
through a match between knowledge characteristics transmitted in
GVCs and the information-processing process employed within the
organizations (i.e., either transformation-based or
assimilation-based absorptive capacity). The results clarify how
EE firms decode and exploit external knowledge that is
incongruent with their existing knowledge stock. Study 3
illustrates the way EE firms play value-creation roles and
configure the geographical scope of their partner portfolios in
GVCs, which in turn assists them in sustaining resource exchange
with the partners and, consequently, contributes to their future
internationalization. The study contributes to resource
dependence theory by shifting the focus from mutual dependency
reflected in the magnitude of economic transactions in arm’s
length or trade relationships (transactional embeddedness), to
the mutual dependence that results from product development
involvement in the GVC setting (relational embeddedness). Product
development involvement reflects the relational embeddedness of
EE firms in GVCs, which, to the best of my knowledge, has not
been investigated in the literature on the internationalization
of EE firms.
29
Allotey, Asuquo Kofi Essien. "Data protection and transborder data flows : implications for Nigeria's integration into the global network economy." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13903.
Full textAbstract:
One of the realities that developing countries like Nigeria have to face today is that national and international markets have become more and more interconnected through the global platform of telecommunications and the Internet. This global networked economy is creating a paradigm shift in the focus of development goals and strategies particularly for developing countries. Globalisation is driving the nations of the world more into political and economic integration. These integrations are enhanced by a globally interconnected network of economic and communication systems at the apex of which is the Internet. This network of networks thrives on and encourages the expansion of cross-border flows of ideas and information, goods and services, technology and capital.
Being an active member of the global network economy is essential to Nigeria’s economic development. It must plug into the network or risk being shut out. The global market network operates by means of rules and standards that are largely set by the dominant players in the network. Data protection is a critical component of the regime of rules and standards that govern the global network economy; it is evolving into an international legal order that transcends geographical boundaries.
The EU Directive on data protection is the de facto global standard for data protection; it threatens to exclude non-EU countries without an adequate level of privacy protection from the EU market. More than 50 countries have enacted data protection laws modelled on the EU standard. Access to the huge EU market is a major motivation for the current trend in global harmonisation of domestic data protection laws. This trend provides a compelling reason for examining the issues relating to data protection and trans-border data flows and their implications for Nigeria’s desire to integrate into the global network economy.
There are two primary motivations for legislating restrictions on the flow of data across national boundaries. The first is the concern for the privacy of the citizens, and second, securing the economic well-being of a nation. It is important that Nigeria’s privacy protection keeps pace with international norms in the provision of adequate protection for information privacy order to prevent potential impediments to international trading opportunities.Public, Constitutional, & International
LLD
30
Aboualizadehbehbahani, Maziar. "Proposing a New System Architecture for Next Generation Learning Environment." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/10289.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The emergence of information exchange and act of offering features through external interfaces is a vast but immensely valuable challenge, and essential elements of learning environments cannot be excluded. Nowadays, there are a lot of different service providers working in the learning systems market and each of them has their own advantages. On that premise, in today's world even large learning management systems are trying to cooperate with each other in order to be best. For instance, Instructure is a substantial company and can easily employ a dedicated team tasked with the development of a video conferencing functionality, but it chooses to use an open source alternative instead: The BigBlueButton. Unfortunately, different learning system manufacturers are using different technologies for various reasons, making integration that much harder. Standards in learning environments have come to resolve problems regarding exchanging information, providing and consuming functionalities externally and simultaneously minimizing the amount of effort needed to integrate systems. In addition to defining and simplifying these standards, careful consideration is essential when designing new, comprehensive and useful systems, as well as adding interoperability to existing systems, all which subsequently took part in this research. In this research I have reviewed most of the standards and protocols for integration in learning environments and proposed a revised approach for app stores in learning environments. Finally, as a case study, a learning tool has been developed to avail essential functionalities of a social educational learning management system integrated with other learning management systems. This tool supports the dominant and most popular standards for interoperability and can be added to learning management systems within seconds.
31
Akinsanmi, Titilayo Olujumoke. "Networked NPOs in the global South: knowledge management and organisational effectiveness." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/9231.
Full textAbstract:
This research sought to understand the knowledge management (KM) practices in use
by networked southern non-profit organisations (NPOs), which directly or indirectly
impact on their effectiveness. It explores the realm of NPOs, and the concepts of
organisational effectiveness (OE) and KM, with the aim of identifying their
interrelationships from a theoretical and practical perspective. The three organisations
studied are the Association for Progressive Communications (APC), South Africa NGO
Network (SANGONet) and Women’s Network (Women’sNet).
Using a conceptually formulated research framework, data gathered was analysed to
examine the KM concepts of people capacity, systems and procedures, information
and knowledge flow and stakeholder relations within and across all three case studies
and their use of information and communications technologies (ICTs) as an enabler.
The research concludes with an integrated framework, an addition to the existing body
of knowledge on KM theory with key elements for a KM system for effectiveness for
networked southern NPOs.
32
Καρνάτσος, Σπυρίδων. "Διεθνή δίκτυα παραγωγής και τεχνολογική ανάπτυξη : global production networks - GPN." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/5574.
Full textAbstract:
Ο σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας αφορά ένα αντικείμενο που έχει ιδιαίτερο ενδιαφέρον στην οικονομική αγορά, την τεχνολογική εξέλιξη και τα Διεθνή Δίκτυα Παραγωγής.
Το πρώτο μέρος της εργασίας αφορά στο θεωρητικό πλαίσιο ώστε να γίνει κατανοητός ο όρος Διεθνών Δικτύων Παραγωγής και γενικότερα τα χαρακτηριστικά, τα πλεονεκτήματα και τα επιμέρους τμήματα που τα αποτελούν.
Επίσης αναφέρεται η άμεση σχέση των δικτύων με το Κράτος , το ανθρώπινο δυναμικό καθώς και οι άμεσες επιπτώσεις από την ανάπτυξη των δικτύων δηλαδή την διάχυση της τεχνολογίας και της γνώσης.
Τέλος, η μελέτη ολοκληρώνεται με την αναφορά μιας μελέτης περίπτωσης για το κλάδο της αυτοκινητοβιομηχανίας γενικότερα, και ειδικότερα στην Ταϊλάνδη.The purpose of this work it refers to a subject that has a particular interest in the financial market, technological progress and Global Production Networks. The first part of this project concerns the theoretical framework to understand the term of Global Production Networks and general characteristics, advantages and the individual parts that a network includes. Also, the networks are directly connected with the State, the human resources and the direct impact of the development of networks in the diffusion of technology and knowledge. Finally, the study concludes with a report of a case study for the automotive industry in general and particularly in Thailand.
33
Müller, Philip. "Rethinking Highly Skilled (Re-)Migration in the Context of Multinational Enterprises — An Analysis of (Re-)Migrants of Turkish Origin and their Role in German Companies in Turkey." Doctoral thesis, 2020. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-202002192601.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this dissertation is to contribute to a better understanding of highly skilled (re-)migrants as labour force in multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their role in cross-border knowledge transfers. To achieve this goal, an actor-centred research perspective will be adopted, which allows for a detailed examination of both individual employees and strategies of MNEs. The basic conceptual understanding of this work is based on the relational economic-geographical approach (Bathelt and Glückler 2002), on the basis of which research strands and theories of economic geography, international business studies and migration studies were intertwined. The empirical study is based on the example of highly skilled (re-)migrants of Turkish origin who work for German companies in Turkey. The study focuses on (re-)migrants of Turkish origin who have obtained a university degree in Germany. The study follows a qualitative research design based on 95 semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with highly skilled (re-)migrants as well as with company internal and external experts. In addition to the semi-structured interviews, a netnographic collection of data from an online group for (re-)migrants of Turkish origin is conducted. The findings of this thesis show that highly skilled (re-)migrants of Turkish origin who have obtained a university degree in Germany are not to be regarded as a homogeneous group but rather have diverse educational and career paths. In addition to their high level of education, they have excellent language skills (mostly Turkish, German and English). They are also mostly familiar with the cultural and institutional contexts in Germany and Turkey, which, according to Hess (2004), is referred to as dual societal embeddedness. Highly skilled (re-)migrants of Turkish origin are important transnational experts for German companies in Turkey. They are particularly in demand if the companies 1) have a strong orientation towards German-speaking markets and/or 2) are dependent on close cooperation with German company locations. In these companies, highly skilled (re-)migrants of Turkish origin are strategically deployed in central areas of the company, where they often work at interfaces due to their transnational abilities, which require close contact with local employees and employees of German company locations. The empirical results also show that highly skilled (re-)migrants of Turkish origin make a significant contribution to the cross-border knowledge transfers in German companies in Turkey. Highly skilled (re-)migrants of Turkish origin are primarily involved in intra-organisational knowledge transfer with employees of German company locations. Due to their dual societal embeddedness and their profound language skills, highly skilled (re-)migrants are able to bridge the institutional distance between German and Turkish company locations. This is particularly important for the transfer of implicit knowledge, which is based on know-how and experience and is therefore difficult to transfer between different cultural and institutional contexts. In concrete terms, highly skilled (re-)migrants of Turkish origin facilitate cross-border knowledge transfers through three main activities: building knowledge networks, mediating frictions, transmitting knowledge. The results of a case study also show that highly skilled (re-)migrants can play a decisive role in the offshoring of knowledge intensive business services within global production networks Thereby, highly skilled (re-)migrants help to mitigate resistance and facilitate the dis- and re-embedding of knowledge within the offshoring process. Overall, this thesis contributes to the geographical (re-)migration research, to research on the geography of knowledge in MNEs, and to global production network research.
34
Kim, Minkyoung. "Dynamics of Information Diffusion." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/13652.
Full textAbstract:
Real diffusion networks are complex and dynamic, since underlying social structures
are not only far-reaching beyond a single homogeneous system but also frequently
changing with the context of diffusion. Thus, studying topic-related diffusion across
multiple social systems is important for a better understanding of such realistic situations.
Accordingly, this thesis focuses on uncovering topic-related diffusion dynamics
across heterogeneous social networks in both model-driven and model-free ways.
We first conduct empirical studies for analyzing diffusion phenomena in real
world systems, such as new diffusion in social media and knowledge transfer in
academic publications. We observe that large diffusion is more likely attributed to
interactions between heterogeneous social networks as if they were in the same networks.
Thus, external influences from out-of-the-network sources, as observed in
previous work, need to be explained with the context of interactions between heterogeneous
social networks. This observation motivates our new conceptual framework
for cross-population diffusion, which extends the traditional diffusion mechanism to
a more flexible and general one.
Second, we propose both model-driven and model-free approaches to estimate global
trends of information diffusion. Based on our conceptual framework, we propose a
model-driven approach which allows internal influence to reach heterogeneous populations
in a probabilistic way. This approach extends a simple and robust mass action
diffusion model by incorporating the structural connectivity and heterogeneity
of real-world networks. We then propose a model-free approach using informationtheoretic
measures with the consideration of both time-delay and memory effects
on diffusion. In contrast to the model-driven approach, this model-free approach
does not require any assumptions on dynamic social interactions in the real world,
providing the benefits of quantifying nonlinear dynamics of complex systems.
Finally, we compare our model-driven and model-free approaches in accordance
with different context of diffusion. This helps us to obtain a more comprehensive understanding
of topic-related diffusion patterns. Both approaches provide a coherent
macroscopic view of global diffusion in terms of the strength and directionality of
influences among heterogeneous social networks. We find that the two approaches
provide similar results but with different perspectives, which in conjunction can help
better explain diffusion than either approach alone. They also suggest alternative options
as either or both of the approaches can be used appropriate to the real situations
of different application domains.
We expect that our proposed approaches provide ways to quantify and understand
cross-population diffusion trends at a macro level. Also, they can be applied
to a wide range of research areas such as social science, marketing, and even neuroscience,
for estimating dynamic influences among target regions or systems.