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1
Kam, Yee-tsui Michelle. "Global environmental issues and strategic implications to Hong Kong industry." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574262.
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Szydlowski, Rachael A. "Expansion of the Vietnamese Handicraft Industry: From Local to Global." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1218497546.
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Lin, Christina Yi-Ting. "National defense and global industries : ideas, interests, and an institutional approach to American defense industrial base policy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411388.
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甘綺翠 and Yee-tsui Michelle Kam. "Global environmental issues and strategic implications to Hong Kong industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574262.
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Stark, Alyson N. "The Consequences of Increasing Ocean Acidification on Local and Global Fishing Industries." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/70.
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As human activities continue to generate accelerating levels of carbon dioxide emissions, the world’s oceanic resources are threatened by variability in seawater chemistry, known as ocean acidification. Recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide have resulted in decreased carbonate ion concentrations and ocean pH levels, leading to increasingly acidic waters. The exact consequences of these chemical changes on ecosystems and individual species are difficult to predict; however, research has shown that economically valuable calcifying species will experience reduced reproductive fitness and population declines. Ocean acidification, therefore, poses an immediate risk to both fish stocks and fishery industries. From a local perspective, individual regions will need to implement dynamic management strategies to prepare for anticipated economic consequences. In a global context, international cooperation is required for further research and collaborative efforts must be made to reduce future acidification.
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Baum-Talmor, Polina. "Careers and labour market flexibility in global industries : the case of seafarers." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/109438/.
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The flexibilisation of labour in the global labour market has been a bone of contention among scholars from different disciplines over the past four decades. On the one hand, such employment is seen as a detrimental practice to employees, who might lose their occupational identity as well as constantly experience job insecurity and uncertainty. On the other hand, flexible employment is perceived as the pillar of freedom, enabling individuals to fulfil their potential through increasing labour market opportunities. In an attempt to assess these competing views within the context of a global industry where flexible employment is commonplace, the shipping industry has been chosen as the basis of an investigation to answer the following research questions: 1. To what extent are flexible employment arrangements perceived as beneficial to employers?
2. What are the perceived implications of flexible employment arrangements for employees?
3. What is the relationship between the flexibility of employment and the occupational identities of seafarers?
To answer these research questions, qualitative research methods were used to speak to over 70 participants. The methods included mostly semi-structured in-depth interviews and informal conversations conducted aboard a cargo ship. The findings of the thesis can be largely divided into three main aspects. First, the thesis sheds light on the complexities of flexible employment in the shipping industry (i.e. the perceived negative and positive implications of such employment) for employers and employees. Secondly, using the shipping industry as an example, the thesis challenges current widespread views about the benefits of flexible employment to employers. Thirdly, the thesis presents the idea of a ‘double occupational identity’ to describe the often-complex occupational identity of seafarers related to differences in perceived labour market power. Several strengths, limitations, and recommendations for policy and also for major stakeholders in the shipping industry are raised at the end of the thesis. Key words: Career; Employment; Flexible Labour; Global Labour Market; In-Depth Interviews; Job; Occupational Identity; Precarious Work; Qualitative Research Methods; Seafarers; Seafaring Career; Shipping; Work.
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Zhang, Han. "Price dependency and spillover effects in global crude oil markets." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41171/.
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The content of this thesis is the result of a comprehensive study about global spot crude oil markets. Using a large data set including 32 crude varieties, this thesis analyzes price dependency, return and volatility spillover effects, and explores the driving forces behind such spillover effects. The first major aim of the thesis is to detect the presence of structural breaks in the price dependency relationship found in the literature (Wlazlowski et al., 2011). Tests allowing for structural breaks are applied to re-examine unit root test, cointegration test and causality relationships. The results show significant structural breaks in all tests. However, the basic conclusions of unit root tests and cointegration tests are still valid in accounting for structural breaks, while the causality relationship is greatly influenced by the 2008 global crisis, making the conclusion of Wlazlowski et al. (2011) that the Russian Urals could serve as a potential benchmark invalid when using a longer sample period. The second topic of investigation is the return and volatility spillover effects in the spot crude oil market. By applying a VAR forecast error variance decomposition method (Diebold and Yilmaz, 2012), various spillover measures are constructed. Static analysis shows that the majority of the total variance of the forecast error is explained by shocks across markets rather than by idiosyncratic shocks (87.1% for return and 80.57% for volatility), therefore supporting the integration hypothesis in the global crude oil market. Moreover, benchmark crudes play a key role in terms of return spillovers, possibly due to the pricing formula mechanism in the spot crude oil market. In terms of volatility, WTI behaves as a dominant transmitter. This is attributed to the 2008 global financial crisis, which originated in the United States. Dynamic analysis shows that return and volatility spillover indexes have different patterns. Return spillovers display gradual trends but no bursts, while volatility spillovers display clear bursts that correspond closely to events in the crude oil market. Further dynamic analysis was applied at individual, pairwise and group levels. Generally a time-varying characteristic of spillovers is found. The third topic of analysis explores the driving forces behind spillover effects which are identified in the second chapter. Five categories of variables were selected to explain the spillover effects. These are international trade variables, fundamental economic variables, country risk variables, global risk factors and time trends. These variables are found to be more relevant for return spillovers than for volatility spillovers, and more relevant for non OPEC countries than for OPEC countries.
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Hauge, Jostein. "African industrial policy in an era of expanding global value chains : the case of Ethiopia's textile and leather industries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273722.
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Throughout the history of capitalism, the process of industrialisation has been recognised as the engine of economic development. No region in the world ‘suffers’ more acutely from a lack of industrialisation than Africa, clearly highlighting the need for industrial policy. However, the formulation of such policies is not straightforward in the current era of globalised production. In recent years, a debate has taken hold over whether the geographical expansion and increased fragmentation of production networks—often referred to as the expansion of global value chains (GVCs)—calls for new approaches to industrial policy in developing countries. By drawing on the case of Ethiopia, this dissertation demonstrates that industrial policy in developing countries needs no new ‘magic bullet’ in the era of expanding GVCs. The dissertation applies a funnelling technique, meaning that each chapter builds on information presented and arguments made in the preceding chapters. Chapter 2 contextualises the importance of manufacturing and industrial policy for economic development in Africa. The chapter argues that the manufacturing sector continues to play an integral role in the process of economic development, and discusses the role of the state in the process of industrialisation, arguing that there are strong justifications for intervention through industrial policy. Chapter 3 looks at how the expansion of GVCs affects the productive structures of developing countries, particularly those in Africa, and asks if industrial policy has to change in this new global production environment. I argue that the fundamental problems of participating in GVCs are the same as when countries like South Korea and Taiwan industrialised between 1960 and 1990, although on a different scale. Chapter 4 analyses Ethiopia’s industrialisation trajectory and GVC-oriented industrial policies in the textile and leather industries. This analysis is based on 6 months of fieldwork in Ethiopia, where I carried out several interviews with stakeholders in the private and public sector and collected and collated datasets on industrial performance in collaboration with government agencies. While the findings of this chapter make an original empirical contribution to explaining the specific case of Ethiopia, the insights provided by the analysis offer broader conceptual conclusions as well.
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Surborg, Björn. "The production of the world city : extractive industries in a global urban economy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/40719.
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This dissertation argues for a re-grounding of world city research in world-systems and dependency theory. It proposes to conduct 'vertical world city research', which explicitly investigates the spatial interconnectedness between world cities and peripheral locations of production, rather than focus on the relationships between different world cities. The idea of vertical world city research is partly a response to recent post-colonial critiques of world city research. Advanced Producer Services (APS) have long been considered command and control functions over global capital. Constructions of world city networks have largely relied on data based on large APS firms. While this research has made important contributions to our understanding of the interconnectedness of world cities, the argument of this dissertation is that it may not adequately capture the role of other essential sectors in the global economy. It is proposed that world city research needs to investigate the global control networks over monopolistically (or more correctly oligopolistically) organised processes. The focus of this dissertation is therefore the urban control network of the monopoly over natural resources. The dissertation investigates the locations of ownership control over the world's ten largest non-fuel mineral producers. These ten firms account for more than one third of the world's non-fuel mineral production by value. It also investigates specifically the platinum industry, which is controlled by a very small number of firms. While cities that are often identified as world cities, including New York and London, feature in the lists of cities that host the owners of the global mining industry and the platinum industry in particular, a number of cities in middle income economies are at the top of the list. The last part of the dissertation focuses on the role of nation states in the formation of global cities and how corporate decisions are administered through a network of cities. The effect of these decisions on mining communities is explicitly studied. This part focuses on Johannesburg and South Africa. The research suggests that the spatial organisation of the world economy and the concentration of power is more dispersed than previously suggested.
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Chou, Wen-Chi Grace. "Changing employment relations in the global economy : case studies of Taiwan's textile industries." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322629.
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Awate, Snehal S. "Trajectory of innovation in emerging industries: evidence from the global wind power industry." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/239953.
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Business Administration/Strategic ManagementPh.D.
This dissertation unpacks "innovation" along its constituent dimensions, namely technological, geographic, and people. I study how these dimensions interact among each other to define the course or trajectory of innovation. The setting for this study is the global wind power industry, a rapidly evolving innovation-intensive emerging industry. The innovations are studied at two levels - location-level and firm-level. At the location-level, I measure breadth and depth of innovation along the three dimensions. I then examine how the innovation breadth and depth at a location impact the locations' innovation performance. I find negative curvilinear effects for both but breadth having a larger impact than depth. Since breadth has the potential to develop earlier than depth, I argue that late entering new locations can catch-up faster with leading incumbent locations in emerging industries. At the firm-level, I study the development of firm's innovation capabilities. A special focus is given to emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) as they start with lower amounts of technological and market knowledge but exhibit a fast catch-up to get on par with the industry leading advanced economy multinationals (AMNEs). EMNEs are catching up with AMNEs even in emerging, high technology industries, where their knowledge-based disadvantages are most severe. I explain this phenomenon by distinguishing between output and innovation capabilities. By comparing the knowledge bases of an industry leading AMNE and a fast follower EMNE, I find that AMNE's knowledge base is deeper and composed of more distinct technology groups than that of the EMNE. Thus, although the EMNE has caught up in terms of output capabilities, it still lags in terms of innovation capabilities. Next, I study closely the process of innovation catch-up by analyzing firms' R&D internationalization strategies. I study EMNE R&D internationalization by comparing it to that by AMNE to find that its purpose and drivers are different for EMNEs. While the internationalization of AMNEs' R&D activities can to a large extent be explained in terms of the twin strategies of competence exploitation and competence creation, EMNE R&D internationalization is rooted in the firms' overall catch-up strategy to get on par with industry leaders. An in-depth comparison of knowledge flows reveals that within AMNEs, headquarters often serves the primary source of knowledge for R&D subsidiaries. In contrast, within EMNEs, headquarters accesses knowledge from R&D subsidiaries in advanced economies for innovation catch-up. Within this dichotomy, accessing is more difficult and slower than sourcing making EMNE innovation catch-up harder and slower.
Temple University--Theses
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García-Cardona, Julián. "Value-added initiatives : distributional impacts on the global value chain for Colombia's coffee." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65090/.
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This thesis discusses whether participation in two voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) has improved the capacity of coffee producers to upgrade, and the extent to which it has brought economic benefits and reduced their exposure to risk and vulnerability. These debates are addressed using the Global Value Chain (GVC) perspective, including recent contributions that integrate poverty considerations, to assess the implications for coffee growers of participating in the specialty coffee value chain. In this analysis, particular emphasis is given to differences according to farm size. The study focuses on the Nespresso AAA Sustainable QualityTM programme and Fairtrade certification in Colombia, comparing the two treatment groups with a control sample of similar conventional producers. In addition to this, a comparison between two groups of AAA producers was carried out. The data comes from three rounds of surveys and two periods of field work. To assess differences over time and construct a robust counterfactual this thesis combines Propensity Score Matching (PSM) with the difference-in-difference (DID) analytic approach. VSS initiatives have been promoted as a way of improving the livelihoods of small producers, with extensive implementation in coffee production. The analysis shows that interventions to facilitate upgrading and support the involvement of producers in VSS do not produce consistent improvements over time for most of the indicators analysed. Therefore, the potential of VSS to generate significant improvements in livelihoods for certified producers, could take both a longer time and require greater institutional efforts to build capacities. This finding needs to be considered in light of strong institutional support for all coffee producers in Colombia, which could offset the impact of VSS support. In terms of livelihood-related variables, the analysis shows that participating producers became more dependent on coffee revenues (as there was no significant expansion of cash production), reduced their share of haired labour during the period of study and paid these workers less than the minimum wage. These trends are similar to those of the conventional producers, since the analysis did not find significant differences over time. The outcomes of the analysis by farm size draws a bleak picture for smallholders below one hectare. The main conclusion that can be drawn from the evidence is that the farm size constrained both the potential upgrading opportunities from VSS and their chances of gaining sustainable incomes. The political economy effects of these disappointing results, both for certified producers and producers thinking about certification, must be analysed carefully, as growers' expectations of improving their economic and social viability through the adoption VSS are lower than expected. As such, VSS initiatives cannot be the only strategy for helping very small coffee producers to overcome the structural restrictions and limitations they have faced for decades.
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Niforou, Christina. "International Framework Agreements : addressing the democratic deficit of global industrial relations governance?" Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36854/.
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International Framework Agreements (IFAs) constitute a significant attempt for the global governance of labour. IFAs are negotiated documents between global union federations and multinational companies that stipulate compliance with core labour rights and whose application extends to company operations worldwide. IFAs are a rather novel phenomenon. The first agreement was signed in 1988 while the overwhelming majority of the current total of 75 have been concluded since 2002. Although literature on IFAs is increasing, there are significant gaps on their impact in the host countries and supplier sites of the signatory companies. The thesis examines the local impact of three IFAs analyzing and assessing processes and outcomes of implementation, enforcement of compliance and monitoring. The empirical focus is on Latin America and the telecoms, energy and apparel sectors. Methodologically, the thesis adopts a comparative case study design with embedded cases while employing different methods: a small-scale survey, face-to-face interviews and internal documentation. Conceptually, the study adopts a global governance perspective borrowing notions largely established in international political economy and applying them to an industrial relations problem. The thesis finally draws a number of policy implications for global unions, multinationals and the International Labour Organization.
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Pires, Victor Flores da Matta. "Analise energetica global de um complexo petroquimico." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266128.
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Orientador: Roger Josef ZemDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T09:37:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pires_VictorFloresdaMatta_M.pdf: 1892182 bytes, checksum: c990e6a52afe4eaf849fcd1d3d10d3af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003
Pires, Victor Flores da Matta
Resumo: A constante busca pela redução dos custos energéticos na indústria petroquímica, proporcionou o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias de otimização energética, dentre as quais se destaca a Análise Pinch. Esta metodologia apresenta bons resultados quando aplicada a processos isolados, porém, quando a análise é estendida a todo um complexo industrial, o resultado final não é satisfatório, uma vez que o sistema de utilidades e a interdependência entre os processos não são considerados. O presente trabalho apresenta a Análise Energética Global ("Total SUe"), que amplia a Análise Pinch da escala de processo para todo o complexo, incluindo o sistema de utilidades como parte integrante do problema, permitindo uma melhor compreensão da interface processo-utilidade, e um aumento do potencial de ganho energético. A metodologia é baseada nos Perfis Térmicos do complexo, obtidos a partir da Análise Pinch de cada processo individual, e sua interação com o sistema de utilidades, que possibilita a determinação das metas de consumo total de combustível, vapor, refrigeração, trabalho de co-geração e emissões atmosféricas do complexo. Com estas metas, é possível obter diagnósticos claros da eficiência energética do complexo, mostrando possibilidades de otimização, mesmo em unidades como alto grau de integração e eficiência energética. No trabalho ainda é proposta uma abordagem especial para as utilidades importadas e exportadas pela central de utilidades do complexo. A Análise Energética Global é aplicada a uma central de matérias pnmas e utilidades de um Polo Petroquímico, para cálculo de suas metas de energia. Também é realizado uma série de estudos abordando paradas de unidades; entrada em operação de nova unidade; modificações de processo; e modificações no sistema de utilidades. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a metodologia como uma excelente ferramenta de análise, que pode ser utilizada tanto na fase inicial do projeto, para auxiliar a construção da melhor configuração energética do complexo, como em complexos existentes, na análise de impactos no seu perfil energético, causados por mudanças nos processos
Abstract: The constant search of energy costs reduction in the petrochemical industry, provided the development of new energy optimization methodologies, which Pinch Analysis stand out. However, the goods results achieved in single process, with this methodology, were not materialised at the site boundary. This problem is caused by the interdependence of the processes and the utility sistem, that are neglected. The present work presents the Total Site Analysis, that extends Pinch Analysis from process leveI to site level, including the utilitiy system as a part of the problem, providing a better understanding of process-utility interface, and increasing the potential of energy profit. The methodology is based on the site's Thermal Profiles, build from Pinch Analysis of each individual process, and its interaction with the utilities system, that makes possible the determination of the targets of fuel consumption, steam, refrigeration, cogeneration work and emissions of the site. With these targets, is possible to obtain a clear diagnostic of the energy efficiency of the site, showing optimization possibilities, for even units with a high degree of integration and energy efficiency. The work presents a special approach to handle the imported and exported utilities by the site's utilities central. The Total Site Analysis is applied to a raw material and utilities central of a Petrochemical Complex, for calculation of its energy targets. Also, a series of studies is carried through, approaching stops of units; start-up of new units; process modifications; and utilities system modifications. The results confirm the methodology as''tll excellent analysis tool, that can be used as in the initial phase of the project, to assist the construction of the best energy configuration ofthe site, as in existing sites, to analyse site's energy profile impacts, caused by changes in the processes
Mestrado
Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Sahnoun, Nasr-Eddine. "Mondialisation, industries culturelles et culture kabyle : recherche sur l’influence des telenovelas sur la femme kabyle." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2018.
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Ce travail se veut comme une contribution académique sur le sujet de l’évaluation du contact des sociétés dites traditionnelles (locales) face à la dynamique de mondialisation culturelle (globale) portée par les dispositifs d’information et de communication. Il s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un débat portant sur les industries culturelles et leurs influences, ainsi que sur le processus de reconfiguration des identités et cultures traditionnelles locales au contact du monde moderne synonyme de leur intégration ou non à l’ordre mondial. Entre tradition et modernité, la rencontre entre l’industrie culturelle et la culture kabyle nous renvoie souvent à la dimension du global/local que soulève ou qu’impose la globalisation. Celle-ci par delà son aspect hégémonique participe à l’émergence d’un processus d’hybridations culturelles et identitaires symbole de cette combinaison entre moderne et non moderne qui repose sur les dichotomies fascination/répulsion, emprunts/rejets intégrations/éliminations qui se déploient selon des modalités de résolution toujours précaires. Les flux médiatiques transnationaux apparaissent sans doute comme un facteur majeur à l’intérieur de ce processus, d’où la question de savoir et de comprendre dans quelle mesure est ce que de tels dispositifs produisent de « l’homogénéisation culturelle », ou, à l’inverse, s’ils permettent, « d’enrichir » l’expérience culturelle et identitaire locales « d’apports extérieurs » ?This work is intended as an academic contribution on the subject of the evaluation of traditional societies (local) against the dynamics of cultural globalization (global) supported by information and communication devices. It is in the context of a debate on the cultural industries and their influences, as well as on the process of reconfiguration of traditional local identities and cultures in contact with the modern world stands for integration or not the world order. Between tradition and modernity, the meeting between the cultural industry and the so-called local cultures we often return to the dimension of global / local raised or imposed by globalization. This and beyond its hegemonic aspects involved in the emergence of a cultural and identity symbol of the hybridization process combinison between modern and non-modern based on dichotomies fascination / repulsion, loans / discharge integration / élimiation that deployed in ever precarious resolution arrangements. Transnational media streams appear likely as a major factor in the interior of the process where the question and understand if such dipositifs produce "cultural homogenization" or permetent conversely, «d 'enrich» cultures and local identities «external input»?
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Duncan, Jessica. "The reformed Committee on World Food Security and the global governance of food security." Thesis, City University London, 2014. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/3511/.
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This research explores the reformed UN Committee on World Food Security (CFS) as an institution addressing a changed world, and as an illustration of evolving global food security governance. The research sets out to answer the extent to which the CFS is realising its reform objectives and how it is positioning itself within a changing architecture of global food security governance. Informed by literature on global governance and embedded neoliberalism, the inquiry centres around three case studies – Civil Society Mechanism, Voluntary Guidelines for the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests, and the Global Strategic Framework – which serve to highlight the operationalization of key reform objectives while simultaneously providing insight into broader policy processes and dynamics. Data was collected through document analysis, participant observation, and interviews. The resulting analysis provides clear evidence of the impact of enhanced participation on policy outcomes and concludes that the policy recommendations emerging from the CFS are amongst the most comprehensive and useful in terms of applicability and uptake at the national and regional level. The analysis also reveals that despite its methods, outcomes and mandate, the CFS is being systematically undermined by other actors seeking to maintain influence and sustain neoliberal hegemony across food security policies at the global level. The research contributes to global governance theory by describing the functioning of a mechanisms that can address democratic deficits in global governance while elucidating related opportunities and challenges. The research also contributes to scholarship on global food security policy by challenging the application of previous analyses to the contemporary reality. The research addresses limitations in global governance literature by mapping the complexity of social and political relations across sites of negotiation, contestation and compromise between actors. The policy implications derived from this thesis focus on the need to further problematize food security and for policies to target structural causes of food insecurity. Building on the experiences of the CFS, this thesis concludes that transparent, participatory mechanisms need to be created which acknowledge, and seek to rectify, existing imbalances in power relations in policy-making processes.
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Chan, Chris King-Chi. "The challenge of labour in China : strikes and the changing labour regime in global factories." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2374/.
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China has become a global manufacturing centre with its `unlimited' supply of low cost and unorganised peasant workers. The potential of Chinese workers to change this condition has significant meaning for global labour politics. This study offers an ethnographic portrait and a sociological account of the transformation of labour relations and labour politics in China from 2004 to 2008 focusing on workers' strikes, community and organisation. It reveals how wages and working conditions are bargained, fought over, and determined in the global factories. Geographically this study concerns the city of Shenzhen, China's first Special Economic Zone (SEZ), where labour conflict is most prevalent. Historically, it is traced back to the late 1970s to explore how the pattern of labour conflict has changed over time. The author spent one year conducting participant observation based in a grass-roots labour non-governmental organisation (NGO) in an industrial zone from 2005 to 2006. A multi-case method is used to document workers' stories to strive for a higher wage and better working conditions and their relationships with management, NGOs, the trade union and the local state. The author suggests that benefiting from an expanding labour market, an escalating dynamic community, and the skilled and supervisory workers' network, workplace struggle has exerted significant challenges to the state authorities and the global capital. The capital responded to these challenges by work intensification, production rationalization, expansion and relocation. The local state reacted by better enforcement of the labour regulations and steady enhancement of the minimum wage rate, while the central state initiated a new round of labour legislation to better protect workers. The author refers to the changing labour regime in this stage as `contested despotism'. Its potential to give way to a new form of factory regime is dependent on the possibility of effective workplace trade unionism.
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Popov, Vladimir. "Internationalisation of public services : a social network analysis of global ownership." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2010. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/5066/.
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Globalisation is a widely used but much contested concept. This contestation has a large variety of dimensions and on-going debates. One of the debates focuses on economic globalisation and a rebalancing of the relations between the private and public sector that is taking place during the last three decades. Neo-liberalism, dominant in the policy agenda of the leading world powers during this period of time, advocates the necessity of privatisation, including privatisation of public services. However, the international outcomes of privatisation policies associated with the promotion of market relations and private investments in the public sector have not been sufficiently examined in empirical research. Although globalisation debates refer to international regulation, competition and the concentration of capital, there is a paucity of detailed empirically focused study on patterns of ownership and what they mean to a changing international order, especially with respect to privatised utilities. The thesis opens up these themes in a focused way, analysing outcomes of water privatisation and electricity privatisation worldwide. It draws on a comprehensive database held by the Public Services International Research Unit (PSIRU) that enables an empirically based analysis of arguments about the outcomes of utilities' privatisation in the light of the globalisation debate. The main methodology used as a basis for a critical assessment of theories of globalisation is social network analysis. The thesis is mostly concerned with the international aspects of the privatisation of public utilities. It begins by arguing that the privatisation of public services worldwide should be located within debates on globalisation. The thesis then presents a reinterpretation of main globalisation trends, specifically the processes related to the internationalisation of public services, as an emerging modern form of economic colonialism. To develop this argument the thesis comprises a variety of dimensions. First, three sets of debates are reviewed, globalisation, the internationalisation of capital and colonialism. In the course of this analysis attention is drawn to the concentration of economic power and the international dominance of three economic blocs - the North America, Western Europe and Japan. The second dimension of the thesis is the presentation of an analytic framework to analyse the recent developments of privatisation worldwide. Drawing on the achievements of social network analysis a methodology for examining the outcomes of privatisation in relation to ownership and the patterns of concentration that have emerged is developed. This part of the thesis transforms the research questions that arise from the examination of debates about globalisation and privatisation and related developments. Here a set of hypotheses is developed to examine the process of privatisation worldwide, with reference to the electricity and water sector. With this methodology outlined, the third dimension is present. In this section of the thesis particular explanatory dimensions of the process of globalisation are examined, specifically geography, culture, economy, and politics. Using SNA techniques that build on the first phase of the quantitative analysis which examines ownership concentration and identifies the presence of the star-like pattern of ownership in all studied sectors of public utilities, a rich vein of evidence of the key features of privatisation worldwide is presented. The broad themes of this analysis are then drawn together in an assessment section. This assessment shows that economic globalisation reflects economic asymmetries and is related to political status, and that historical links make a considerable impact on the global ownership structures that have emerged in public services after privatisation. A key conclusion is that public services are being transformed as part of global capitalist system and that under the cover of globalisation a particular form of economic colonialism is emerging - the neo-colonialism that is centred on a few major western economies: The United States, France and the United Kingdom.
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Rossi, Arianna. "Economic and social upgrading in global production networks : the case of the garment industry in Morocco." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6935/.
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The conditions under which social upgrading, i.e., the process of improvements in the rights and entitlements of workers as social actors by enhancing the quality of their employment, takes place in global production networks [GPNs] have not been sufficiently explored. This research addresses the following research questions: how is social upgrading defined? Under which conditions does social upgrading occur? How does economic upgrading influence social upgrading? How does the local and global social and institutional context influence social upgrading opportunities? First, the thesis establishes a definition and categorisation of social upgrading. Then, it answers these questions by analysing the empirical case study of the garment industry in Morocco. The analysis of key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews with factory managers and focus group discussions with workers shows that participation in GPNs can deliver opportunities as well as challenges for developing country workers. The main argument and contribution of the thesis to the existing literature is that the attainment of social upgrading is hindered by the tension existing between commercial embeddedness and social embeddedness of GPNs. All actors in GPNs find themselves caught in between commercial dynamics and the subsequent need for competitiveness, and the need of considering workers as social agents with rights. In particular, supplier firms in developing countries have to respond to international buyers' pressures to lower costs, increase quality and productivity, as well as deliver products on short notice and with great flexibility. At the same time, they have to comply to labour standards set by national and international regulations and by private buyers' codes of conduct. These pressures are contradictory and create a critical dilemma for suppliers. Struggling to reconcile buyers' requirements and faced with this tension, they attempt to mitigate it by employing two types of workers: regular workers who guarantee high quality and continuity, and are the recipient of social upgrading; and irregular workers, who ensure low costs and a high degree of flexibility, and are largely excluded from social upgrading opportunities and are often socially downgraded. Therefore, participation in GPNs delivers a mix of social upgrading and downgrading depending on the type of worker under consideration.
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Truong, Linh. "Institutional governance tensions within global value chains : the study of the Vietnam textile and garment industry." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7435/.
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Global value chain (GVC) analysis serves an important role in the global economy and development. Whereas research on governance is well documented in GVC research, only recently has the institutional context emerged as a new dimension of GVC analysis. This thesis integrates critical frameworks of governance, including the five types of governance of Gereffi et al. (2005) and institutional theory with the four mechanism of Beckert (2010), to develop further analysis of GVCs. These frameworks are fundamental for exploring the nature of problematic issues, such as tensions, in re-shaping GVC structures. The research employs method triangulation in both data collection (semi-structured interviews, observations and documents) and analysis (thematic analysis, discursive devices and institutional logics) to achieve the research objective of solving the institutional governance tensions within GVCs in the research setting of the Vietnam Textile and Garment Industry. The findings show that tensions stem mainly from two resources, symmetrical power and new circumstances. Although tension is often neglected or considered a negative factor in management, it can motivate creative responses and effectively serve as a motional factor. In any form, the influence of tension on GVC structures occurs in both convergent and divergent trends but creates a new balance of power between actors in the chain.
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Skelton, Andrew. "The structural nature of global supply chain emissions : and the potential influence of regions, industries and enterprises." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708274.
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Simon, Kallstenius Ivan. "Patterns of Collaboration for Sustainability in the Global Clothing Industry." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169781.
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Global industries are characterized by complex networks of organizations, which are often dominated by a few disproportionately large transnational corporations. While industry consolidation is not a new phenomenon, the scale and speed at which global industries now impact diverse social-ecological systems is unprecedented. In this thesis, I combine the interconnected perspective of business ecosystems with the sustainability focus of the social-ecological systems literature through the concept of keystone actors. Adopting a network perspective, I apply this framing to the global clothing industry, and specifically analyze the patterns of coordination and collaboration among actors working to address systemic sustainability challenges facing the industry. While keystone actors wield significant influence over both the industry’s biophysical and socio-economic impacts, I find it is the presence of key brokers – actors who mediate indirect connections between keystone actors in the clothing industry – that possess the potential to coordinate action around sustainability challenges into a collective industry-wide effort. I conclude the thesis by discussing how the empirical findings, and network perspective more generally, can advance the study of keystone actors in global business ecosystems.
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Galindo, Abarca Maria Fernanda. "Neo-institutionalism and corporate responsibility initiatives : the case of cement corporations in Mexico adopting the United Nations Global Compact." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/63681/.
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This study adds to institutional theory. It addresses the paradox of embedded agency, which has been central in the study of institutions and organizations, i.e. how can actors change institutions when they are conditioned by the same institution they are trying to change? This debate is addressed by analyzing the process organizations follow when adopting the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC). The research is based on theory generation from case study evidence. It is an interpretative study based on four cases of adoption of the UNGC in the cement industry in Mexico. The study takes into account the interaction between three levels of analysis: field; organizational; and individual. Early neo-institutional studies neglected intra-organizational phenomena. However, this study shows how individual behavior provides the micro-foundations necessary to address the paradox of embedded agency. The study relates theory to practice. It offers insight to the principle- and reporting-based Corporate Responsibility Initiatives (“CRIs”) phenomenon; there is no prior research on the process organizations follow when adopting these initiatives. This research constructs a model, showing how principle- and reporting-based CRIs are translated, not diffused, when incorporated by organizations. The process of translation explains how initiatives are reshaped and reinvented when taken-up by individuals in organizations. However the diffusion model is more accepted among managers, mainly because it offers the illusion of control, while the translation model shows the uncertainty and ambiguity of the adoption process (Czarniawska, 2008). At the individual-level, this study shows the active role of individuals in change processes. It explains how the recursive relationship between the actions of translators intending to change institutionalized practices, and the resistance they encounter, feeds the translation process. Translators are embedded in the organization and are reproducing established activities. But they use their embeddedness to overcome resistance and change the taken-for-granted way of working. At the organizational-level, this empirical study shows how change is a way of achieving the substantive implementation of newly adopted initiatives, and how resistance promotes change. The study shows how institutional pressures are influential; they result in processual isomorphism. The four organizations, despite their different governance structures, are following the same translation process. However, this study links the macro-processes of isomorphism to the microprocesses explaining intra-organizational phenomena; it finds that homogeneous processes also result in heterogeneous actions. The specific activities implemented by each organization are idiosyncratic. These heterogeneous actions are the result of the interaction between the institutional environment and the resistance encountered by translators within the organization. In this way, this study shows how the UNGC is impacting organizational practices. How much organizations benefit from joining the UNGC depends on the level of development of their CSR programs and strategies at the time of the UNGC's adoption.
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Munasinghe, Munasinghe Amila Thusha Kumari. "The agency of global sustainability certifications in developing countries : the Rainforest Alliance and the Sri Lankan tea industry." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8673/.
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This study investigates how a private, voluntary North American-based sustainability certification, Rainforest Alliance, is implemented in the Sri Lankan tea industry. A case study is developed from an extensive six month period of fieldwork in Sri Lanka. The analysis is guided by Actor-Network Theory to understand the effects of the Rainforest Alliance certification as it is enacted and co-produced in the local context. The initial adoption of Rainforest Alliance by leading multinationals alters local tea market dynamics and creates market pressure that leads to the adoption of the certification by some local supply chain actors. Rainforest Alliance is inscribed in a local accountability standard that leads to changes in the management, accounting and agricultural practices of certified tea producers. Rainforest Alliance is translated locally primarily as a means for differentiating tea quality and ensuring commercial sustainability, rather than as an indicator of agricultural or environmental sustainability. Whilst investigating the local adoption of Rainforest Alliance, the study uncovers some unexpected consequences. Despite being the purported beneficiaries of sustainability certifications, tea smallholders are explicitly disadvantaged due to their inability to control growing conditions even though they are responsible for approximately three quarters of tea production. The study illustrates how local conditions and circumstances are often ignored as certifications are pushed onto local producers and local supply chains.
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Schmitz, Daniel Joseph. "The global economy and its effect on companies specializing in injection molding in the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin and Illinois." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007schmitzd.pdf.
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Labrusco, Ana Filipa Pinto Tomás. "The internationalization process of born global firms in high-tech and low-tech industries: Is there any difference?" Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11784.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThe impact of industry characteristics on born global firms’ internationalization process is widely acknowledged. Even though there are studies focusing on both high-tech and low-tech industries, the differences between their internationalization patterns have not been generally analyzed. Through a multiple case-study research focusing on a comparison between both industries, we are able to identify differences in the internationalization pattern and specific influential factors. Our findings show that (1) high-tech firms are more international than low-tech ones; (2) the global nature of high-tech firms triggers internationalization while low-tech firms are driven by home market conditions and entrepreneurial traits; (3) networks have a distinct role between industries; (4) the concept of psychic distance may still be applied to this type of firms.
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Thiéblemont, René. "Construction d'un indice global de mise à jour du coût d'un projet industriel : cas de l'industrie des hydrocarbures et de la chimie." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX30006.
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Cet indice est mis en place pour la france selon 3 axes essentiels : l'analyse des fondements theoriques des indices synthetiques; l'examen des methodes de construction d'indices globaux adoptees dans certains projets (usa, gb), et l'etude de la situation en france; la realisation d'une enquete au niveau national aupres des societes d'ingenierie, de constructeurs, de fabricants, utilisateurs potentiels d'indices globaux
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Cruz-Moreira, Juan Ricardo. "Industrial upgrading nas cadeias produtivas globais: reflexões a partir das indústrias têxtil e do vestuário de Honduras e do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-03112003-142622/.
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O estudo apresenta uma análise sobre as trajetórias de Progressão Industrial em empresas/setores produtivos de países em desenvolvimento que participam de cadeias globais de formação de valor. Para isto são estudadas as cadeias produtivas do complexo têxtil-vestuário em Honduras e no Brasil. A análise usa as abordagens de Cadeias de Formação de Valor - Global Commodity Chains, assim como os modelos de Industrial Upgrading e a tipologia de Modernização Industrial. Estas abordagens julgaram-se complementares para a construção do referencial teórico do estudo. Em Honduras a pesquisa focalizou o caso das empresas maquiladoras de roupa, no Brasil estudaram-se as cadeias lideradas por empresas brasileiras que atuam no mercado nacional e internacional. Estudos de Casos Múltiplos foi a metodologia escolhida para a realização da pesquisa de campo, em função da necessidade de estudar casos complexos em contextos diferenciados. A reflexão final conclui que há diversos caminhos de inserção nas cadeias produtivas globais para as empresas dos países em desenvolvimento. Os avanços em termos Progressão Industrial para as empresas que participam dessas cadeias são limitados não só por aspectos tecnológicos ou de habilidades da força de trabalho local se não também pelas regulamentações do comércio internacional. Os acordos preferenciais e as barreiras comerciais são fundamentais para determinar as relações entre as empresas líderes e as subcontratadas, assim como a estrutura e a governance das cadeias produtivas globais. Mas também conclui-se que é possível uma inserção no mercado internacional menos dependente das empresas dos países centrais, que é através de cadeias lideradas por empresas dos países em desenvolvimento, utilizando para isso estratégias de inovação tecnológica, de gestão e em design e investimentos na valorização de marcas, atividades que geram maior valor agregado e permitem sua apropriação.Abstract: The thesis is an analysis about the ways of the industrial upgrade in productive companies/sectors of developing countries which are included in global value chains. It was selected the productive chains of the textile/apparel sector in Honduras and Brazil. The analysis uses the approaches of global value chains and global commodity as well as the patterns (models?) of industrial upgrading and the typology of industrial modernization. These approaches were considered important to the theoretical references of the study. In Honduras, the research focus was on the dressing maquilas. In Brazil the focus was on those chains leaded by Brazilian companies acting both in the national and international market. It was chosen the multiple study case methodology to the field research due to the complexity of the cases in different environments. It was concluded that there are several ways for a developing country company to be inserted in the productive global chains. It is limited the development in terms of industrial upgrading for those companies which participate in these chains, not only by technological and manpower aspects but by the international commerce regulatory framework. The commercial barriers and the preferential agreements are fundamental to determine the relations between the leading companies and the sub-contracted ones as well as the structure and the governance of the global productive chains. Otherwise, the study shows that by using strategies as: technological and management innovation; design and investments in the valuation of trademarks, the companies from developing countries can get international markets because these strategies aggregate more value and facilitate their appropriation. Resumem: Este estudio presenta el análisis de las trayectorias de Avance Industrial en empresas y sectores productivos de países en desarrollo que participan de cadenas globales de formación de valor, para el cual se estudian las cadenas productivas del complejo industrial textil-vestido en Honduras e en Brasil. Para la construcción del marco teórico se utilizan los modelos de Cadenas de Formación de Valor - Global Commodity Chains, de Industrial Upgrading y la topología de Modernización Industrial. En Honduras se investigaron las empresas maquiladoras de ropa y en Brasil las cadenas lideradas por empresas brasileñas que actúan en el mercado nacional y en el internacional. Se escogió la metodología de Estudios de Casos Múltiples para realizar la investigación de campo, debido a la necesidad de analizar casos complejos en diferentes contextos. Se concluye finalmente que hay diversos caminos para la participación de las empresas de los países en desarrollo en cadenas productivas globales y que los avances en términos de Avance Industrial para estas empresas son limitados, no solo por aspectos tecnológicos o por la falta de habilidades de la fuerza laboral local, sino además por las leyes del comercio internacional. Los tratados de preferenciales y las barreras comerciales son determinantes fundamentales de las relaciones entre las empresas líderes y las subcontratadas, de la composición y de la estructura de poder en dichas cadenas productivas globales. Pero se concluye además, que hay posibilidades de participar en el mercado internacional de forma menos dependiente de las empresas de los países desarrollados y que esto puede ser alcanzado en cadenas productivas lideradas por empresas de los países en desarrollo, si estas implementan estrategias de innovación tecnológica y de gestión, con inversión en diseño y en la valorización de marcas originales pues son estas, pues son estas las actividades que generan mayor valor agregado y posibilitan su apropiación
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Santos, Maria Inês Valente Pereira Trindade. "Evolution of tangent portfolios : an analysis of the european industries from 2000 to 2014." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10704.
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Mestrado em FinançasO objetivo do presente estudo é analisar o impacto de quatro grandes choques financeiros no mercado europeu de ações, por setor. Em particular, são analisadas as variações no ótimo de Markowitz (1952) de Carteiras Tangentes de Investidores Europeus. Estes são carteiras reais, sem erros de estimação. O período em análise é de 2000 a 2014, que compreende os seguintes choques financeiros: (i) 11 de Setembro, 2001; (ii) a crise Dot-Com, entre 2000 e 2001; (iii) a crise de hipotecas do sub-prime, entre 2007 e 2008; e (iv) a crise da dívida soberana europeia, durante 2011. Para o efeito, são utilizados como ativos subjacentes 16 índices de setores Europeus que incluem empresas de 16 países Europeus. A diminuição da diversificação em períodos de crise, embora mais suave para períodos de investimento mais curtos são alguns dos resultados desta investigação. No sentido de complementar a análise desenvolvida neste estudo, sugere-se que se componham Carteiras Tangentes reais através de índices de referência de países Europeus. Além disso, também se propõe uma extensão do período de tempo analisado, pelo menos até ao final de 2015, tendo em consideração os últimos desenvolvimentos em matéria de choques que têm afetado a Europa.
The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of four major financial shocks on European stock markets by sector. In particular, we analyze the variations in the optimal Markowitz (1952) Tangent Portfolios of European investors. These are real life portfolios, with no estimation errors. The period under analysis is from 2000 to 2014, which comprises the following shocks: (i) the 11th September, 2001; (ii) the Dot-Com crisis, during 2000-2001; (iii) the sub-prime mortgages crisis, during 2007-2008; and (iv) the European sovereign debt crisis, during 2011. We use 16 European sector indices as underlying assets, including companies from 16 European countries. Decreased diversification in crisis periods, although milder for shorter investment horizons are some of the findings of this investigation. Also, to complement the analysis carried out in this investigation, we suggest to compose real life Tangent Portfolios using reference indices of European countries. We also propose an extension of the data-range, at least until the end of 2015, given the latest developments regarding shocks affecting Europe.
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Sekaringtyas, Pembayun. "Knowledge Dynamics in Indonesian Cultural Industries : The case of Kasongan pottery cluster and Kotagede silver craft cluster in Yogyakarta Region." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-113881.
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This paper explored the knowledge dynamics of cultural industries in Yogyakarta Region. The aims of this paper are to explain how local knowledge is circulated and how new elements are added, as well as to find out how different kinds of knowledge are anchored. This thesis contributes to fill the gap of the lack of research conducted to explain knowledge dynamics in the context of Indonesian cultural industries. Cultural industries have been increasingly considered important towards economic development, whereas territorial knowledge dynamics (TKD) is considered as an update of the traditional territorial innovation models (TIM). The empirical part of this paper contains data collected from interviews with the representatives of sixteen firms, five government institutions, three local trade associations, one local youth organisation and one non-governmental organisation. The finding reveals that direct observation, face-to-face contact, and local buzz are important towards the circulation of local knowledge within the clusters. Different kinds of innovations were also found, involving multidimensional aspects at micro-levels. In a few cases, innovation was influenced by the presence of global pipelines. Knowledge anchoring happened in a complex process and involved a number of actors in multiple locations and scales. This thesis argues that policy makers should increasingly incorporate the concept of territorial knowledge dynamics (TKD) in the development of Indonesian cultural industries.
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Massabié, Germán. "Venezuela : a petro-state using renewable energies : a contribution to the global debate about new renewable energies for electricity generation /." Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2008. http://d-nb.info/987830899/04.
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Slaouti, Abdenour. "Élargissement de la dimension géographique d'un secteur et approche des alternatives stratégiques dans un environnement global : le cas des industries de l'électroménager en Europe." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10019.
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L'objectif de cette recherche est l'approche des choix stratégiques des entreprises non-multinationales dans un environnement global. Dans une première partie, une exploration du processus d'élargissement de la dimension géographique d'un secteur est effectuée afin de mieux percevoir les alternatives stratégiques de ces entreprises. Un modèle explicatif du processus de globalisation d'un secteur a pu ainsi être proposé. Dans une seconde partie, deux séries d'hypothèses relatives à l'analyse comparative de la performance entre les différents groupes stratégiques identifiés et aux choix stratégiques des entreprises dans un environnement global ont pu être formulées. Le développement de l'approche empirique au niveau des industries de l'électroménager en Europe a permis de confirmer que les entreprises multinationales ont une performance plus élevée que les non-multinationales dans un secteur global d'une part et de préciser les possibles choix stratégiques qui s'offrent pour chacun des non-multinationaux d'autre part.
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Nel, Izak Bartholomeus Jacques. "The relationship between global pharmaceutical companies and the biotechnology industry in South Africa : implications for an emerging biotechnology industry in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53672.
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Mini-study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This report reviews the global and South African pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries and provides an overview of the changes taking place within these two industries. It highlights the impact this relationship will have on a developing South African biotechnology industry. Since the 1980s the pharmaceutical industry has experienced phenomenal growth in sales and profits. By the mid 1990s drug sales exceeded USD250 billion. Today the pharmaceutical industry is dominated by multi-national corporations with extensive R&D budgets, widespread use of trademarks and patents and complex commercial process technology. However they face threats from depleted product pipelines, patent expiry on billion dollar drug products, generic competition, increases in drug approval times, costs and price pressures. The entrepreneurial biotechnology industry promises to solve a number of the pharmaceutical industry's problems. In recent years biotechnology companies proved more effective in the development of new molecular entities. They promise individualised therapeutics, novel and more efficacious drug discovery and development of preventative treatments. However the decrease in equity financing after 2001 left almost 40% of biotechnology companies with less than 1 year of R&D funding. The industry experienced losses again in 2002 and the world is divided over the ethical, environmental and economic implications of biotechnological applications. The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries have a symbiotic but antagonistic relationship. The change in this relationship will hugely affect South Africa's ideals of developing a biotechnology industry. Various diseases plague South Africa including HIV/AIDS, TB, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and infective diseases. These diseases will have a huge impact on South Africa's society. Yet only 10% of global R&D funding is committed to third world diseases and existing drugs and treatments are either not effective or too expensive for developing countries. It is in this situation that biotechnology and the development of a biotechnology industry could playa major role in alleviating South Africa's health burden. South Africa is already capable in first generation biotechnology, but third generation applications holds the most promise. Developing countries face various obstacles and challenges, but all boast well for South Africa. The government has committed R400 million (over a three year period) to utilize South Africa's biotechnology potential. Further, the country has highly skilled researchers, indigenous plant and animal species, a diverse population and a favorable exchange rate (low R&D costs).
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die projek ondersoek beide die globale en Suid Afrikaanse farmaseutiese en biotegnologie industrieë. Verder word die veranderinge wat plaasvind in die industrieë onder die soeklig geplaas. Die projek beklemtoon die impak wat die verhouding sal hê op 'n ontwikkelende biotegnologie industrie in Suid Afrika. Die farmaseutiese industrie het sedert die 1980s dubbel syfer groei getoon in omsete en wins. Teen die middel 90's het verkope van farmaseutiese middels US$250 miljard wêreldwyd oorskry. Vandag word die farmaseutiese industrie oorheers deur multi-nasionale korporasies met omvattende navorsing en ontwikkelings begrotings, algemene gebruik van handelsmerkte, patente en komplekse proses-tegnologieë. Ten spyte hiervan word die industrie bedreig deur leë produksie-lyne, verval van patente, miljard dollar farmaseutiese produkte, generiese kompetisie, verlengde produk-goedkeurings periodes en prys-mededinging. Die biotegnologie industrie met sy innoveerende eienskappe beloof om verskeie van die farmaseutiese industrie se probleme op te los. Onlangs het biotegnologie maatskappye getoon dat hulle meer effektief is in die ontwikkeling van nuwe molekulêre eenhede. Biotegnologie beloof nuwe en meer effektiewe produk-ontwikkeling asook beter individuele terapieë en voorkomende behandelings. Die industrie staar finansiële krisisse in die gesig. Slegs 40% van biotegnologie maatskappye het voldoende navorsing en ontwikkelings-kapitaal tot 2004. Dit is hoofsaaklik as gevolg van 'n afname in eienaars-finansiering na 2001. Die industrie as 'n geheel het weereens 'n verlies gelei in 2002 en die wêreld is verdeeld oor die etiese, omgewings en ekonomiese implikasie van biotegnologiese toepassings. Die biotegnologie en farmaseutiese industrieë het 'n simbiotiese maar tog vyandige verhouding. 'n Verandering in die verhouding gaan Suid Afrika se ideale om 'n biotegnologie industrie te skep grootliks beïnvloed. Suid Afrika gaan gebuk onder verskeie siektes insluitende MIVNIGS, TB, vetsugtigheid, diabetes, hipertensie en infeksie siektes. Hierdie siektes het 'n groot impak op Suid Afrika se samelewing. Tog word slegs 10% van die globale navorsings en ontwikkelingsfondse aangewend om 'n oplossing te vind vir derdewêreld siektes. Verder is bestaande produkte en behandelings oneffektief of onbekostigbaar vir ontwikkelde lande. Dit is in sulke gevalle waar biotegnologie en die ontwikkeling van 'n biotegnologie industrie 'n groot rol kan speel in die verligting van Suid Afrika se gesondheids-las. Suid Afrika is vaardig in eerste-generasie biotegnologie, maar wêreld wyd hou derde generasie biotegnologie die meeste belofte in. Die tegnologie is tot op hede onderbenut in Suid Afrika. Ontwikkelende lande staar verskeie uitdagings in die gesig, maar Suid Afrika het talle sterk punte. Die regering het R400 miljoen (oor 'n drie jaar periode) beskikbaar gestel vir die ontwikkeling van Suid Afrika se biotegnologie potensiaal. Die land beskik ook oor navorsers van hoogstande gehalte, onbenutte inheemse plante en dier spesies, 'n diverse populasie en 'n gunstige wisselkoers (lae navorsings en ontwikkelings kostes).
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Waellisch, Ulrike. "Geographies of creative production : the perspective of visual artists in Paris." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14546.
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Tessmann, Jannes [Verfasser], and Martina [Gutachter] Fuchs. "The Embeddedness of Global Value Chains - Institutions and Value Chain Restructuring in the Cashew Industries of India and Ivory Coast / Jannes Tessmann ; Gutachter: Martina Fuchs." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121822973X/34.
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Nunes, Moema Pereira. "Going abroad for new sourcing possibilities: an analysis of the adoption of strategic global sourcing by emerging companies: a case study in the electrical and electronic industry in Rio Grande do Sul state." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3166.
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Companies are moving abroad to look for advantages in alternative sources of supply. Primarily associated with the lack of local suppliers or lower acquisition costs, these reactions have driven business to a more proactive perspective by the adoption of Strategic Global Sourcing (GS). GS is conceptualized as the company's strategic direction for the search and monitoring of global supply markets and their efficient management through the integration and coordination of activities related to the functional areas of business, as well as the units of local purchases of a set of related companies. Companies from emerging countries are developing their own GS, in the same manner as companies from developed countries. Most GS literature considers emerging companies the emerging companies to be the suppliers, not the buyers. These "late movers" have more strategic motivation, as well as goals, to internationalize their activities. In this study, we investigated emerging Brazilian companies in the electrical and electronic industries from the state of Rio Grande do Sul as buyers in the global market. The initial step was a literature review, followed by the development of a theoretical framework. The framework was applied to a case study. Six companies from the selected industry sector were investigated. Four were classified as adopting GS. The main motivations that led these companies to adopt GS were identified as faster access to new technologies, the establishment of presence in global markets and the motivation to become a global player. The cultural differences were identified as the main difficulty. A set of differences between these companies and the adoption of GS from traditional MNCs in terms of the structure and process were also identified with special consideration given to the use of IPOs in earlier stages of internationalization sourcing. It was possible to confirm that the adoption of GS is a competitive advantage for these companies.
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Richter, Cristiano. "The interplay of local cluster development and global inter-cluster brain circulation : a governance perspective in emergent economies." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143931.
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Clusters de alta tecnologia são vistos como importantes centros de inovação e produção em uma economia atual global e interconectada. Observa-se um maior interesse da comunidade acadêmica pela relação entre o desenvolvimento de clusters de alta tecnologia em economias emergentes e suas conexões globais através da ‘circulação de talentos entre os clusters’ (em inglês, IBC). IBC representa, tipicamente, a difusão e transferência de tecnologias, conhecimentos e práticas através de redes individuais entre clusters emergentes e clusters já estabelecidos, os quais estão globalmente interconectados através dos laços destas redes. O foco deste estudo está no papel controverso da IBC no estímulo ao crescimento e melhoria de clusters maiores/em crescimento versus clusters menores/nascentes. Este estudo tem como objetivo propor formas de governança da IBC para conduzir estes processos nos seus diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. O contexto empírico investigado está baseado em (a) dois casos consolidados da literatura: as conexões de Bangalore (IN) - Vale do Silício e Hsinchu (TW) - Vale do Silício; e, (b) dois casos originais: as conexões de Daedeok Innopolis (KR) – EUA e Vale dos Sinos (BR) – Coreia. O método de pesquisa utilizado é qualitativo com a aplicação de 26 entrevistas em profundidade como fonte principal de evidência. Com base nos casos estudados, é possível argumentar que os clusters maiores/em crescimento se beneficiam de uma IBC orgânica, estimulada pelas dinâmicas e forças do mercado, enquanto os clusters menores/nascentes dependem de um esforço coordenado devido à falta de atratividade inicial para empresas e indivíduos. Além disto, com vistas à eficácia da IBC no estimulo ao crescimento e melhoria de clusters, também se pode argumentar que a intervenção nas dinâmicas da IBC se reduz ao longo da evolução dos clusters, passando de um esforço coordenado nos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento do cluster para um processo orgânico da IBC guiado pelo mercado em estágios mais avançados de desenvolvimento. Este estudo tem implicações importantes no entendimento da conectividade de clusters, do papel da governança para o crescimento e melhoria de clusters e das estratégias efetivas de catch-up para economias emergentes.High-tech clusters are important hubs of innovation and production in an increasingly interconnected global economy. There has been an increasing interest from scholars in the embeddedness of local cluster development, in particular of high-tech industries in emergent economies, and global connectivity, in particular in the dynamics and role of inter-cluster brain circulation (IBC). IBC denotes knowledge, technology and practice diffusion and translation through individual networks between emergent and typically more established clusters that are globally interconnected through these network ties. Of particular interest to this study is the controversial role of IBC in stimulating the growth and upgrading of larger/growing versus smaller/nascent clusters. Using the lens of network governance, this study aims to propose forms of IBC governance for steering these processes. The empirical context of investigation is composed of (a) two prior studies of IBC in the cases of Bangalore (IN) - Silicon Valley and Hsinchu (TW) - Silicon Valley connections and (b) two original empirical cases examining the Sinos Valley (BR) - Korea connection and Daedeok Innopolis (KR) - US connection. A qualitative research method strategy is employed in these two original cases using 26 in-depth interviews across both cases as a source of evidence. Based on the studied cases, it is possible to argue that for larger-scale growing clusters, IBC-growth dynamics may unfold as an ‘organic process’ through self-reinforcing market forces, whereas small-scale embryonic clusters depend on a ‘coordinated effort’ of this process because they lack initial market attractiveness for both individuals and firms. Further, focusing on the effectiveness of IBC in steering the growth and upgrading of clusters, it can also be argued that IBC governance changes through a gradual decreasing in the intervention to stimulate IBC, from a ‘coordinated effort’ in the early stage to a spontaneous increase in the marketdriven process of IBC as an ‘organic process’ in the mature stage of cluster development. This study has important implications for understanding cluster connectivity, the role of governance in cluster growth and upgrading, and the effective catch-up strategies of emerging economies.
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Yoon, Hyejin. "The Animation Industry: Technological Changes, Production Challenge, and Glogal Shifts." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1212779559.
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Kayhan, Merve, and Ivana Stevanovic. "Hållbarhet inom företagsförvärv : En jämförelse av påverkan på abnormal avkastning inom förvärvande företag vid tillkännagivande av företagsförvärv inom tre branscher." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41278.
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This study examines whether there is a difference in the impact on the cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR) when announcing merger and acquisitions for companies that are members and companies that are non-members of UN Global Compact. Furthermore, the study examines the development of CAAR by dividing the acquiring companies in the financial-, industrial-, and high-technology industries. To examine this, a quantitative method with an event study is applied. In total, CAAR is examined for 204 acquisitions where 102 acquisitions are announced by companies that are connected to UN Global Compact 10 principles. All of the acquisitions have been announced between the period 2009-01-01 to 2019-12-31. The hypotheses regarding differences in abnormal returns in the financial, industrial and high-technology industry have been tested in a significance tests and presented in tables and graphs. The results of the study shows that companies that are members, regardless of industry, are negative affected by the announcement of merger and acquisitions. Furthermore, there is differences in how CAAR for members and non-members are affected by the announcement of acquisitions depending on the industry in which the companies are located. The conclusion is that non-members present the highest values of CAAR in all industries but significance can only be showed in the industrial industry. Significance can be showed for members in all industries.Denna studie undersöker om det föreligger skillnad i påverkan på den genomsnittliga kumulativa abnormala avkastningen (CAAR) vid tillkännagivande av företagsförvärv för företag som är medlemmar respektive icke medlemmar i UN Global Compact. Vidare undersöker studien utvecklingen i CAAR genom att dela in de förvärvande företagen inom finans-, industri- och högteknologiska branschen. Metoden som valts ut är en kvantitativ metod där en eventstudie tillämpas. Totalt undersöks CAAR för 204 stycken förvärv, där 102 stycken förvärv är utannonserade av företag som är anslutna till UN Global Compacts tio principer. Alla förvärv har utannonserats mellan perioden 2009-01-01 till och med 2019-12-31. För att undersöka ställda hypoteser har tabeller och diagram upprättats där signifikans har blivit säkerställd genom ett signifikanstest. Resultaten av undersökningen visar att företag som är medlemmar, oberoende av bransch, påverkas negativt med anledning av tillkännagivande av förvärv, där påverkan även statistiskt kan säkerställas med en signifikans på 90%. Vidare påvisas skillnader i hur medlemmar respektive icke medlemmars CAAR påverkas av tillkännagivande av förvärv beroende på vilken bransch företagen befinner sig inom. Slutsatsen blir att icke medlemmar uppvisar högst värden av CAAR inom samtliga branscher men signifikans kan endast påvisas inom industribranschen. För medlemmar kan signifikans påvisas inom samtliga branscher.
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Hakizimana, Bonaventure. "Les tensions coopération/concurrence au niveau local/global et leur articulation au sein des réseaux d’innovation : le cas des secteurs de haute technologie en Europe." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12009.
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Au cours du XXIeme siècle, les clusters ont émergé comme un élément central desdébats économiques, par exemple en ce qui concerne leur rôle sur la croissanceéconomique. Diverses études académiques sur les clusters et réseaux d'innovation ontproduit un large éventail d'approches dans ce domaine. Les chercheurs ont tenté dedéfinir les concepts des clusters et réseaux d’innovation et d'analyser le cadre de lacoopération / concurrence au niveau local ou global.L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier un aspect spécifique des clusters, à savoir la tensionpotentielle entre coopération et concurrence et entre les activités au niveau local et global.Nous soutenons que la relation antagonistique entre la coopération et la concurrence n’apas été jusqu'à présent suffisamment étudiée, bien que la tension sous-jacente puisse êtreclairement identifiée et a joué un rôle important dans l'évolution des valeurs sociétalespréconisant ce comportement compétitive ou coopérative. Dans le cadre des clusterséconomiques, la tension se manifeste dans des comportements qui combinent deséléments de la concurrence et de la coopération, par exemple, si une entreprise décide decoopérer avec un concurrent pour être en mesure d'observer de près la menace de leursaffaires que ce concurrent représente. Grâce à une analyse qualitative et quantitative, la thèse a prêté plus d'attention à cescomportements hybrides de « coopétition glocal » permet une meilleure compréhensiondu comportement des entreprises dans des réseaux d’innovation. Nous proposons denouvelles méthodes et concepts concernant la représentation de la notion de«concurrence» et soulignons l’utilité de la notion de « coopétition globale » pourcomprendre le comportement des entreprises telles que la coopération antagonistique.Nos résultats montrent que la coopétition est une stratégie originale pour gérer laconcurrence du marché et implique de travailler avec des concurrents afin de capturersouvent des avantages communs. Notre recherche empirique a analysé les déterminantssous-jacents de ces comportements et les relie aux caractéristiques des clusters enfonction de leur structure d’information, leurs types de coopération, les compétencesdisponibles et l'échelle géographique du marchéOver the last decades, clusters have emerged as a central element of economic debates,for instance as regards their on role in economic growth. Various academic studies onclusters and innovation networks have produced a wide range of approaches in this area.Scholars have attempted to define the concepts of clusters and innovation networks andanalyze the framework of cooperation / competition at the local or global level.The objective of this thesis is to explore a specific aspect of clusters, namely the potentialtension between cooperation and competition and between activities at the local andglobal level. We argue that the antagonistic relationship between cooperation andcompetition have so far not sufficiently studied, although the underlying tension can beclearly identified and has played a significant role in changing societal values advocatingeither competitive or collaborative behavior. In the context of economic clusters, thetension manifests itself in behaviors that combine elements of both competition andcooperation, for instance if a company decides to cooperate with a competitor only to beable to observe closely the threat to their business threat that this competitor represents.Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the thesis shows that paying more attentionto such hybrid behaviors of ‘glocal coopetition’ provides a better understanding of firmbehavior in innovation networks. We propose new methods and concepts regarding therepresentation of the concept of "competition" and stress the usefulness of the idea of‘global coopetition’ for understanding firm behavior such as antagonistic cooperation.Our results underline that coopetition is an original strategy for managing marketcompetition and often entails working with competitors in order to capture a commonbenefits. Our empirical research analyses the underlying determinants for these behaviorsand links them to the characteristics of clusters in terms of their information structure,type of cooperation, available skills and geographic scale of the market
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Kingkaew, Suthikorn. "What are the factors that determine the position of firms from developing countries within the global value chain : the case of Thai firms in the chicken and canned tuna industries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610249.
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Ndou, Portia. "The competitiveness of the South African citrus industry in the face of the changing global health and environmental standards." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/477.
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In recent years, concern about food safety linked to health issues has seen a rise in private food safety standards in addition to the regulations set by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO). These have presented challenges to producers and exporters of agricultural food products especially the producers of fresh fruits and vegetables. In spite of the food safety-linked challenges from the demand side, the vast range of business-environment forces pose equally formidable challenges that negatively impact on the exporting industries’ ability to maintain or improve their market shares and their ability to compete in world markets. The objective of this study was therefore to establish the competitiveness of the South African citrus industry in the international markets within this prevailing scenario. Due to the diversity of the definitions of competitiveness as a concept, this study formulated the following working definition: “the ability to create, deliver and maintain value and constant market share through strategic management of the industrial environment or competitiveness drivers”. This was based on the understanding that the international market shares of an industry are a function of forces in the business environment which range from intra-industry, external and national as well as the international elements. The unit of analysis were the citrus producers engaged in export of their products and the study made use of 151 responses by producers. The study adopted a five-step approach to the analysis of the performance of the South African citrus industry in the global markets, starting with the analysis of the Constant Market Share (CMS) of the South African citrus industry in various world markets, establishing the impact of the business environmental factors upon competitiveness, establishing the costs of compliance with private food safety standards, determining the non-price benefits of compliance with the standards, as well as highlighting the strategies for enhancing long-term competitiveness of the industry in the international markets. South Africa is one of the top three countries dominating the citrus fruit export market. Since its entry into the citrus fruit exports market in the 1900s, the industry has sustained its activity in the international market. The Constant Market Share Analysis shows that, amidst the challenges on the international market side, and the changes in the business environment, over much of which the industry has limited control and influence, the industry has maintained its competitive advantage in several markets. The CMS shows that South Africa’s lemons are competitive in America. Despite a negative trend, the South African grapefruit has been competitive in France, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. Oranges have been competitive in the Greece, Italy, Portugal, UK, Asian and Northern Europe markets. Competitiveness in these markets has been due to the inherent competitiveness of the industry. Competitiveness in such markets as the Middle East has been attributed to the relatively rapid growth of these markets. The South African citrus industry has similarly undergone many major processes of transformation. The business environmental factors influencing its performance have ranged reform to the challenges beyond the country’s borders. These factors directly and indirectly affect the performance of the industry in the export market. They have influenced the flow of fruits into different international destinations. Of major concern are the food safety and private standards. Challenges in traditional markets as well as opportunities presented by demand from newly emerging citrus consuming nations have seen a diversification in the marketing of the South African citrus. The intensity of competition in the global market is reflected by the fluctuations in the market shares in different markets as well as the increase and fluctuations of fruit rejection rates in some lucrative markets such as America. A combination of challenging national environmental forces and stringent demand conditions negatively impact on revenues especially from markets characterised by price competitiveness. This study identified cost of production, foreign market support systems, adaptability, worker skills, challenges of management in an international environment and government policies such as labour and trade policies as some of the most influential obstacles to competitiveness. Some of the most competiveness-enhancing factors were market availability, market size, market information, market growth and the availability of research institutions. However, compliance with private standards still poses a challenge to the exporters. The different performance levels of the industry in various markets prove the dissimilarity of the demand conditions in the global market. These are supported by the negative influence associated with the foreign market support regimes as well as the challenges associated with compliance with private food safety standards. While market availability, market growth, market information and size were identified as enhancing competitiveness, the fluctuations and inconsistencies in the competitiveness of the industry in different foreign markets require more than finding markets. Resource allocation by both the government and the industry may need to take into account the off-setting of the national challenges and support of farmers faced with distorted and unfair international playing fields. Otherwise, market availability is not a challenge for the industry save meeting the specifications therewith as well as price competitiveness which is unattainable for the South African citrus producers faced with high production costs. For the purposes of further study, it is recommended that account should be taken of all the products marketed by the industry (including processed products such as fruit juices) in order to have a whole picture of the competitiveness of the industry in the international market. This study also proffers a new theoretical framework for the analysis of the business environment for the citrus industry and other agro-businesses. This framework takes into account the indispensability of the food safety standards and measures as well as the diversity of the global consumer and the non-negotiability of food trade for the sustenance of the growing population.
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Acosta, Collazos Maria Del Pilar. "Understanding the outcomes of private regulations for corporate social responsibility in global value chains : the case of the Colombian agro-food industry." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010049.
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Depuis les années 90 il y a une montée en puissance des codes de conduite, mécanismes d'autorégulation et initiatives multi-parties prenantes visant à contrôler les activités sociales et environnementales dans les chaînes globales de valeur. Malgré l'augmentation des préoccupations sociales et environnementales, les effets de ces mécanismes de régulation privée pour la responsabilité sociale d'entreprise (RSE) sont encore limités. En prenant trois approches distinctes, nous proposons de compléter la littérature en expliquant de quelle manière les fournisseurs mettent en place, en bout de chaîne, les approches RSE véhiculées par les instruments de régulation privée. Les résultats, déclinés en trois articles, montrent que les régulations privées dans les chaînes globales de valeur viennent s'ajouter aux rôles politiques traditionnels des entreprises locales et remettent en question la gouvernance de la RSE dans l'industrie agro-alimentaire. Néanmoins, la RSE, soutenue par ces régulations, sous-tend une approche instrumentale, renforçant un mouvement de désencastrement du fournisseur des communautés géographiques à proximité. Il s'agit d'un processus simultané de détachement (dés-encastrement du local) et de connexion réencastrement dans le global), qui se joue au niveau des acteurs et leurs rôles, et concerne aussi bien les pratiques et les définitions de la RSE. Notre travail révèle également que l'adoption des contenus des régulations privées et leur diffusion aux fournisseurs de deuxième rang est sélective et non exhaustive. Le rôle des associations d'industriels est essentiel dans la traduction des contenus de ces régulations privéesSince the 1990s there has been an escalating number of codes of conduct, self-regulatory schemes and multi-stakeholder initiatives aiming to monitor corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the context of global value chains. Because these initiatives lack legal enforcement they fall into the category of private regulations. Despite increasing concerns of worldwide degradation of social and environmental conditions, the effectiveness of private regulations is still elusive. Taking three distinct approaches, this research examines the outcomes of private regulations through a local, bottom of the chain perspective. We analyze how a supplier of a multinational subsidiary in the agro-food industry receives, understands and implements a supplier development program. We study 1) the inscription of private regulations in a long history of political roles undertaken by local companies in a developing country, namely Colombia. This sheds light on how private regulations can jeopardize the governance of corporate social responsibility in the industry. 2) The process of deployment of a private regulation at the intra-organizational level, looking at how it progressively transforms preexisting notions of business involvement in society. We highlight two mechanisms leading to the disembedding of local actors from their geographically proximate communities, and re-embedding them into global notions of CSR. 3) The adoption of each demand included in a private regulation leading to understand heterogeneity in the adoption process. To bring these aspects together, we also evaluate to what extent demands from multinational subsidiaries are diffused to other levels of the supply chain. Overall, our results contribute to the literatures of political CSR and global value chain by expanding upon how these dynamics operate within a developing nation
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Harrami, Salma. "RSE et Management des risques psychosociaux (RPS) dans l'industrie Textile au Maroc : le stress professionnel et son impact sur le bien-être des salariés." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. https://ged.biu-montpellier.fr/florabium/jsp/nnt.jsp?nnt=2020MON30027.
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Ces dernières années, après le drame social de l’usine textile ROSAMOR de Casablanca, en 2008, dans lequel ont péri 55 travailleurs et travailleuses, le Maroc s’est engagé́ à prendre de nombreuses responsabilités dans le secteur social (risques professionnels, santé et sécurité́ au travail, handicap, etc.), et à lutter contre les mauvaises pratiques qui détériorent la répartition et la prévention des risques professionnels, et constituent un véritable problème de santé publique. Le fantôme de ce sinistre industriel, facteur de laxisme et d’inconscience criminelle, demeure encore omniprésent. Face à cette situation critique, l’État marocain a pris en considération l’exigence morale de s’inscrire dans une véritable politique de prévention et de santé et sécurité́ au travail, en en faisant l’objet central du dialogue social au sein de l’entreprise. Cette thèse consiste à éclaircir la situation actuelle de quelques entreprises marocaines du secteur textile (PME et multinationales) par rapport à la question relevée, à déterminer les théories sur la gestion des risques psychosociaux selon une revue de la littérature fondée sur les concepts fondamentaux de notre étude (RSE, RPS, Stress et BE). Et ce, en se focalisant sur le stress au travail qui se caractérise par un déséquilibre entre la capacité́ des salariés à faire face à une situation de travail, et le bien-être au travail qu’on définit comme une force et un moyen de développer la performance globale d’une entreprise. Selon une méthodologie de recherche hypothético- déductive et un positionnement épistémologique positiviste, les données seront récoltées en utilisant des questionnaires validés, qui s’appuient sur les grands axes de notre objet de recherche, sur un échantillon représentatif de 130 salariés du secteur textile marocain, en mobilisant la théorie de la conservation des ressources (COR) d’Hobfoll. Cette dernière s’appuie sur les deux méthodes d’analyse factorielle et de régression, pour mesurer les variables explicatives et descriptives, et démontrer la validité́ nomologique de la liaison entre nos concepts, et voir si cette relation est conforme ou non avec les prédictions issues de nos réflexions théoriques. Notre étude a comme perspective d’encourager les entreprises textiles marocaines à s’engager dans une démarche RSE et à prendre les décisions managériales nécessaires pour assurer l’amélioration continue, donner de l’importance au facteur humain. Mots clés : Risques psychosociaux, stress professionnel, bien-être au travail, STT, dimension culturelle, performance, RSEIn recent years, after the social tragedy of the ROSAMOR textile factory in Casablanca, in 2008, in which 55 workers died, Morocco has undertaken to take on many responsibilities in the social sector (occupational risks, health and occupational safety, disability, etc.), and to fight against bad practices which deteriorate the distribution and prevention of occupational risks, and constitute a real public health problem.The ghost of this sinister industrialist, a factor of laxity and criminal unconsciousness, is still omnipresent. Faced with this critical situation, the Moroccan State has taken into consideration the moral requirement to be part of a genuine policy of prevention and health and safety at work, by being the central subject of social dialogue within the 'company. This thesis consists in clarifying the current situation of a few Moroccan companies in the textile sector (SMEs and multinationals) in relation to the question raised, in determining the theories on the management of psychosocial risks according to a review of the literature based on the fundamental concepts of our study (RSE, RPS, Stress and BE).And this, by focusing on stress at work which is characterized by an imbalance between the ability of employees to cope with a work situation, and well-being at work that we define as a strength and a means of development. the overall performance of a company. According to a hypothetico-deductive research methodology and a positivist epistemological positioning, the data will be collected using validated questionnaires, which are based on the main axes of our research object, on a representative sample of 130 employees of the Moroccan textile sector, by mobilizing the resource conservation theory (COR) of Hobfoll.The latter is based on the two methods of factorial analysis and regression, to measure the explanatory and descriptive variables, and to demonstrate the nomological validity of the link between our concepts, and to see if this relation is consistent or not with the predictions made. of our theoretical reflections. Our study aims to encourage Moroccan textile companies to engage in a CSR approach and to make the managerial decisions necessary to ensure continuous improvement, to give importance to the human factor.Keywords: Psychosocial risks, professional stress, well-being at work, STT, cultural dimension, performance, CSR
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Pigneur, Judith. "Mise au point d’une méthode intégrée d’analyse des impacts des filières de matières premières minérales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC093.
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Le sujet de la thèse est la mise au point d’une méthode intégrée d’analyse des coûts sociaux et environnementaux de l’épuisement dans les filières exploitant des métaux. La thèse qui est défendue est que l’épuisement des ressources métalliques, au-delà de la question des limites économiques de l’exploitation, est un démultiplicateur des coûts sociaux et environnementaux générés par nos modes de production et de consommation actuels. La thèse a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet de recherche du Bureau d'Analyse Sociétale pour une Information Citoyenne (le Basic) portant sur la mise au point d’indicateurs de soutenabilité. La thèse se situe dans une approche transdisciplinaire, croisant une approche issue des sciences de gestion, soit l’analyse des chaînes globales de valeurs (CGV), mobilisée pour comprendre l’influence de l’organisation des filières mondialisées dans les impacts sociaux et environnementaux, et une approche issue des sciences économiques, celle des coûts sociaux, telle que développée par Karl William Kapp, qui s’intéresse aux coûts liés aux dommages sociaux et environnementaux inhérents à notre système économique. La thèse vise à contribuer à la fois au renforcement du cadre méthodologique des coûts sociétaux développé par le Basic, mais aussi à la recherche émergente sur la prise en compte de l’épuisement dans la mise au point d’indicateurs de soutenabilité. La recherche vise à explorer les liens entre épuisement, augmentation des coûts sociaux et environnementaux de l'exploitation, et influence des filières mondialisées sur ces coûts. Cette problématique générale se décline en deux parties. Une première partie théorique, composée du chapitre 1 et 2, contribue à définir l’épuisement des métaux dans une perspective de soutenabilité forte et à formaliser un cadre d’évaluation des coûts sociaux cohérent avec cette définition. Dans le chapitre 1 l’épuisement est redéfini comme deux phénomènes conjoints, continus et irréversibles : perte de quantité (perte de matière tout au long de la filière) et de qualité (diminution des teneurs du gisement et difficultés du recyclage) de la ressource d’une part ; et comme un démultiplicateur d’impacts environnementaux, sanitaires et sociaux des filières exploitant des métaux d’autre part. Le chapitre 2 propose un nouveau cadre de prise en compte de l’épuisement et de ses coûts sociaux, faisant le lien entre les travaux de l’économie écologique et de l’économie institutionnelle sur la base des travaux de Karl William Kapp. Cette méthodologie développe une approche tournée vers l’études des causes des coûts sociaux et des leviers pour diminuer ces coûts. Une deuxième partie empirique applique le cadre d’évaluation au cas d’étude de la chaîne du néodyme utilisé dans les aimants Nd-Fe-B. Cette étude de cas montre que, bien que l’épuisement des réserves de terres rares ne soit pas perçu comme un danger imminent, les coûts sociaux de l’épuisement sont déjà importants et que des actions pourraient être mise en œuvre pour diminuer ces coûts. Cette étude de cas permet de démontrer la pertinence d'un point de vue social et écologique de l'analyse de l'épuisement par les coûts sociauxThe subject of the thesis is the development of an integrated method of analysis of the social and environmental costs of depletion in the metal value chains. The supported thesis is that the depletion of metallic resources, beyond the question of the economic limits of exploitation, is a multiplier of the social and environmental costs generated by our current modes of production and consumption. The thesis was carried out as part of the Bureau for Appraisal of Social Impacts for Citizen information (Basic) research and development project on the development of sustainability indicators. The thesis is part of a transdisciplinary approach, combining an approach from the management sciences, namely the analysis of global value chains (GVC), mobilized to understand the influence of the organization of globalized chains on social and environmental impacts, and an economics-based approach, that of social costs, as developed by Karl William Kapp, which looks at the costs of social and environmental damage inherent in our economic system. The thesis aims to contribute to both the reinforcement of the methodological framework of social costs developed by the Basic, but also to the emerging research on depletion within the field of development of sustainability indicators. The research aims to explore the links between depletion, increased social and environmental costs of exploitation, and the influence of globalized chains on the occurrence of these costs. This general problem is divided into two parts. A first theoretical part, composed of chapters 1 and 2, contributes to define the depletion of metals in a perspective of strong sustainability and to formalize a framework of evaluation of the social costs coherent with this definition. In Chapter 1, depletion is redefined as two joint, continuous and irreversible phenomena: 1) loss of quantity (loss of material throughout the supply chain) and quality (diminution of ore grades and difficulties of recycling) of the resource.2) as a multiplier of environmental, health and social impacts of the metal value chains. Chapter 2 proposes a new framework to account for depletion and its social costs, linking the work of ecological economics and institutional economics based on the work of Karl William Kapp. This methodology develops an approach focused on studying the causes of social costs and levers to reduce these costs. A second empirical part applies the evaluation framework to the case study of the neodymium chain used in Nd-Fe-B magnets. This case study shows that, although the depletion of rare earth reserves is not perceived as an imminent danger, the social costs of depletion are already significant and that actions could be implemented to reduce these costs. This case study demonstrates the social and ecological relevance of the analysis of social cost depletion
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Comrie, Douglas. "A study of the extent of which the financial benefits of adopting lean manufacturing practices can be quantified." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/888.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the face of global competition manufacturers are increasingly finding themselves having to redefine the way they do business. Despite this, and while lean manufacturing has been widely adopted as an inherently superior form of manufacturing when compared to mass production, many companies continue to operate according to a traditional mass production philosophy. This research aims to validate and quantify the existence of a correlation between the presence of lean manufacturing and improved performance in important financial indicators with a view to encouraging the more rapid adoption of lean manufacturing. The intended outcome of this research is therefore firstly an analysis that either confirms or refutes the existence of a correlation between selected lean manufacturing practices and selected financial indicators, and secondly a quantification of the strength of the identified relationship, if any. There are four sub-problems that were identified as being central to the research aims. The first relates to the identification of foundational principles associated with lean manufacturing, while the second relates to the identification of manufacturing practices associated with each principle that can be observed and tested for. The third entailed the evaluation of existing literature on links between lean manufacturing and financial performance. The fourth entailed the development of a set of hypotheses and methodology for the testing of relationships between lean manufacturing practices and financial indicators. The four principles, and their associated practices, were as follows: • Just In Time: kanban; • Total Quality Management: andon and poka-yoke; • Continuous improvement: standardisation of work practices, green areas and suggestion schemes; and • Team-based work organisation: teams, single-piece flow between team members and team leader roles. The review of existing literature provided some guidance in respect of financial performance measures that should be included in the study, but fell short of confirming the type of relationships and correlations sought for the purpose of this research. Data on the financial performance of 22 automotive component manufacturers were obtained from the Benchmarking and Manufacturing Analysts SA (Pty) Ltd’s benchmarking database while data on lean manufacturing practices were obtained through structured observations at the 22 companies between January 2008 and December 2008. Through evaluating Spearman rank correlation coefficients conclusive findings were obtained in respect of the existence of a relationship and a positive correlation between each of the following pairs of variables: • Kanban and average growth in sales; • Kanban and change in Return on Investment; • Andon and operating profit as a percentage of sales; • Poka-yoke and operating profit as a percentage of sales; • Poka-yoke and growth in sales; • Green areas and operating profit as a percentage of sales; and • Standardisation of work practices and operating profit as a percentage of sales. During the analysis and interpretation of the findings value chains dynamics, operational measures, and control variables were cited as key considerations for further research in this field. The paper concludes by suggesting that a study of this nature replicated in the automotive industry in a different economy would likely result in similar outcomes, but that the same outcomes may not necessarily be obtained if the study was replicated in a different industry in the same economy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die uitdagings van globale mededinging en vrye toegang tot wêreld markte is vervaardigers blootgestel aan die behoefte om hulle besigheidsprosesse voortdurend te vernuwe en te optimiseer. Ten spyte van die feit dat “Lean Manufacturing” spesifiek in die vervaardigings industrie aanvaar is as die voorkeur model bo die meer tradisionele massa produksie model sukkel maatskapye steeds met die implimentering daarvan. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om te toon dat daar ‘n verwantskap bestaan tussen die beginsels van “Lean Manufacturing” en die winsgewindheid van maatskappye. Meer spesifiek word daar gesoek na sleutel finansiële aanwysers in die besigheid, en hulle verwantskap met geselekteerde “Lean Manufacturing” beginsels. Daar word gepoog om die verwantskappe te kwantifiseer, en hierdie resultate dan te gebruik as basis vir die motivering om hierdie beginsels verder en vinniger in die vervaardigings industrie te implimenteer. Vier subprobleme is geidentifiseer om die voorgestelde navorsing logies te benader. Die eerste hou verband met die identifisering van die kern beginsels van “Lean Manufacturing”, en die tweede met die identifisering van vervaardigings praktyke wat assosieer kan word met elkeen van die beginsels. Die derde subprobleem is die analise en vewerking van bestaande literatuur met die doel om die verwantskap tussen die identifiseerde kern beginsels van “Lean Manufacturing” en finansiële indikatore te evalueer. Laastens word ‘n hipotese ontwikkel om die identifiseerde verwantskappe te toets en te evalueer. Die vier beginsels en die assosieërde praktyke is: • “Just In Time”: kanban; • Algemene Kwaliteits Bestuur: andon en poka-yoke; • Voortdurende Verbetering: standardisering van werksprosesse; en • Spangebaseerde Organisasies: Spanwerk. Die bestudering van bestaande literatuur het ‘n riglyn geskep vir van die finansiële indikatore wat in ag geneem moet word in die studie. Dit het wel geblyk dat die tipe verwantskap nie duidelik definieer is nie. Die finansiële data van 22 motor komponent vervaardigers is verkry van Benchmarking and Manufacturing Analysts SA (Pty) Ltd’s se databasis. Die data oor “Lean Manufacturing” is verkry deur gestruktureerde waarnemings en onderhoude by dieselfde 22 maatskapye oor die tydperk Januarie 2008 tot Desember 2008. Deur die evaluering van “Spearman rank” korrelasie koëfisiënte kon ‘n korrelasie tussen die volgende veanderlikes verkry word: • Kanban en die gemiddelde groei in verkope; • Kanban en die verandering in die opbrengs op belegging; • Andon en die operasionele wins as ‘n persentasie van verkope; • Poka-yoke en die operasionele wins as ‘n persentasie van verkope; • Poka-yoke en die groei in verkope; • Groen areas en die operasionele wins as ‘n persentasie van verkope; en • Standardisering van werksprosedures en die operasionele wins as ‘n persentasie van verkope. Na aanleiding van die analise en interpretasie van die bevindinge opgelewer deur die studie word die verdere bestudering van die veld sterk aanbeveel. Waardeketting dinamika, operasionele maatstawwe, en beheer veranderlikes is identifiseer as kernaspekte van so ‘n verdere ondersoek. Dit moet egter benadruk word dat die herhaalbaarheid van die studie moontlik sal wees in ander ekonomiese toestande, maar nie noodwendig dieselfde resultate sal lewer vir ander industrieë nie.
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Klein, Asmara. "La "transparence", une norme et ses nouvelles pratiques transnationales : l’exemple de l’Initiative pour la Transparence dans l’Industrie Extractive." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0053.
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En 2002, l’Initiative pour la transparence dans l’industrie extractive (ITIE) est lancée par le Premier Ministre britannique en réponse à la campagne Publiez ce que vous payez (PCQVP). Celle-ci avait participé à la mise sur agenda de la malédiction des ressources, un ensemble de maux économiques et socio-politiques qui pèsent sur de nombreux Etats riches en ressources naturelles. L'ITIE reprend l’une des préconisations de PCQVP, à savoir l’injonction à la transparence : la publication des revenus pétroliers, gaziers ou miniers permettrait aux citoyens de demander des comptes à leurs dirigeants pour la gestion de la manne générée par l’extraction de matières premières. L’exercice de transparence de l’ITIE, à laquelle les états riches en ressources naturelles adhèrent librement, consiste à réconcilier les paiements déclarés par les entreprises extractives d’une part et les recettes déclarées par l’Etat d’autre part. Il s’appuie par ailleurs sur une gouvernance tripartite inédite dans l’industrie extractive : organisations de la société civile, compagnies extractives et gouvernements négocient ensemble pour déterminer les exigences du standard ITIE. Comment des acteurs d’horizons divers sont-ils venus à partager cet intérêt commun et que peut nous apprendre ce consensus sur la notion de transparence et ses usages contemporains dans les politiques de coopération internationale ? Cette recherche raconte l’histoire d’une conquête normative, ses enjeux, ses acteurs, ses batailles afin de réfléchir – par le biais du renouvellement des attributs de légitimité de ceux qui concourent à définir la norme – à la refonte de l’autorité politique dans le système internationalThe British Prime Minister launched the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in 2002 in response to the transnational Publish What You Pay campaign (PWYP). The NGOs, which are member of the PWYP coalition, had been fighting the resource curse by advocating for more transparency in the extractive industries. They argued that empowering citizens of resource rich countries by informing them about the wealth generated by extraction would help insure that those extractive revenues were properly accounted for. The EITI took over this idea and gathered representatives from civil society organisations, extractive companies and governments to design a global standard which resource rich countries can voluntarily decide to comply with. the EITI standard is based on a reconciliation of payments declared by companies on the one hand and revenues declared by the state on the other. The reports that come out of this reconciliation process are then disseminated and can lead to a general public discussion about the way extractive rents are managed. What lead actors from different backgrounds, with often conflicting interests, to agree on a transparency norm and what can this consensus tell us about the notion of transparency and its present (and profuse) use in international development programmes ? This thesis investigates the reasons for the emergence of the transparency norm and its fast diffusion on the international scene in the last 10 to 15 years. It also looks at some of the concrete practices that resulted from this normative evolution, which contributes to a thinking about the renewal of political authority in the international system
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Luo, Dexin. "Design of highly distributed biofuel production systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45878.
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This thesis develops quantitative methods for evaluation and design of large-scale biofuel production systems with a particular focus on bioreactor-based fuel systems. In Chapter 2, a lifecycle assessment (LCA) method is integrated with chemical process modeling to select from different process designs the one that maximizes the energy efficiency and minimizes the environmental impact of a production system. An algae-based ethanol production technology, which is in the process of commercialization, is used as a case study. Motivated by this case study, Chapter 3 studies the selection of process designs and production capacity of highly distributed bioreactor-based fuel system from an economic perspective. Nonlinear optimization models based on net present value maximization are developed that aim at selecting the optimal capacities of production equipment for both integrated and distributed-centralized process designs on symmetric production layouts. Global sensitivity analysis based on Monte Carlo estimates is performed to show the impact of different parameters on the optimal capacity decision and the corresponding net present value. Conditional Value at Risk optimization is used to compare the optimal capacity for a risk-neutral planner versus a risk-averse decision maker. Chapter 4 studies mobile distributed processing in biofuel industry as vehicle routing problem and production equipment location with an underlying pipeline network as facility location problem with a focus on general production costs. Formulations and algorithms are developed to explore how fixed cost and concavity in the production cost increases the theoretical complexity of these problems.
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Zhao, Guang. "Features of born global processing plants in global outsourcing industry." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37522474.
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Hasni, Radhouane. "Exigences environnementales et accès au marché : application au textile-habillement : le cas de la Tunisie." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40016/document.
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L’objet de cette thèse est de déterminer l’effet des normes environnementales sur lecommerce du Textile-Habillement et d’analyser les stratégies adoptées dans ce cadre par lespays en développement, plus particulièrement, par la Tunisie. Les exigencesenvironnementales, volontaires et obligatoires, ont touché essentiellement la branche textile etpourraient se substituer aux instruments traditionnels de protectionnisme après ledémantèlement de l’Accord multifibres en 2005. Les résultats des analyses statistiques etéconométriques montrent un effet positif de la certification environnementale sur lesexportations de certains produits d’habillement vers le marché européen signalant ainsil’importance de cette nouvelle tendance. L’étude est affinée autour du positionnement desfirmes tunisiennes sur la chaîne globale de valeur du Textile-Habillement et des stratégiesadoptées afin de faire face à ces normes environnementales. Nos résultats montrent ladifficulté des firmes tunisiennes à réussir une remontée industrielle. Les exigencesenvironnementales inhibent leur passage de la sous-traitance à la co-traitance. Ellesaccentuent également leur dépendance envers les fournisseurs européens de textile. La thèses’interroge en dernier lieu sur l’intérêt du programme « Tunisian Ecolabel » et sur lesdéterminants de l’adoption de la certification environnementale par les firmes tunisiennes duTextile-HabillementThe purpose of this thesis is to determine the effect of environmental standards on trade inTextile-Apparel products and to analyse the strategies adopted by developing countries, withspecific reference to Tunisia. Voluntary and mandatory environmental requirements havemainly affected the textile industry and could replace traditional instruments of protectionismafter the dismantling of the Multifibre Arrangement in 2005. The result of statistical andeconometric analysis indicates a positive effect of environmental certification on exports ofcertain apparel products towards the European market denoting the importance of this newtrend. The study is focused upon the Tunisian firms’ positioning in the global value chain ofTextile-Apparel industry and strategies which they will have to implement in order to be ableto meet environmental standards. Our results show the difficulty of Tunisian firms to besuccessful in industrial upgrading. Environmental requirements heighten their dependence onEuropean suppliers of the textile industry and prevent the transition from the originalequipment assembly to original Equipment Manufacturer. Lastly, the thesis discusses theeffectiveness of “Tunisian Ecolabel” program and the determinants for adopting theenvironmental certifications by Tunisian firms’ of the Textile-Apparel industry