Journal articles on the topic 'Global Firms'
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Bernard, Andrew B., J. Bradford Jensen, Stephen J. Redding, and Peter K. Schott. "Global Firms." Journal of Economic Literature 56, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 565–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20160792.
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Research in international trade has changed dramatically over the last twenty years, as attention has shifted from countries and industries towards the firms actually engaged in international trade. The now-standard heterogeneous firm model posits measure-zero firms that compete under monopolistic competition and decide whether to export to foreign markets. However, much of international trade is dominated by a few “global firms,” which participate in the international economy along multiple margins and account for substantial shares of aggregate trade. We develop a new theoretical framework that allows firms to have large market shares and decide simultaneously on the set of production locations, export markets, input sources, products to export, and inputs to import. Using US firm and trade transactions data, we provide strong evidence in support of this framework's main predictions of interdependencies and complementarities between these margins of firm international participation. Global firms participate more intensively along each margin, magnifying the impact of underlying differences in firm characteristics and increasing their shares of aggregate trade. (JEL D22, F14, F23, L60, R32)
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Sun, Wenbin, and Jing Pang. "Service quality and global competitiveness: evidence from global service firms." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 27, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 1058–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-12-2016-0225.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between service quality and firms’ global competitiveness in the service industry. A set of moderating effects is formulated to further reveal how the relationship varies under different situations. Design/methodology/approach This paper tests the model with data collected from multiple sources such as World’s Most Admired Companies and COMPUSTAT. Two types of robust regressions for panel data are employed in the empirical model estimation. Findings Service quality is found to significantly drive global competitiveness. Specifically, its impact is stronger for large service firms and when the global environment is characterized as low munificence, high dynamism, or high complexity. Practical implications The paper provides a set of implications for managers of service firms regarding global expansion and quality management. It generates useful guidelines of maximizing the power of service quality when a firm’s global competitive advantage is considered. Originality/value This paper takes the first attempt to formulate service quality’s influence on firm’s global competitiveness with a consideration of specific situational factors.
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Iskandar-Datta, Mai, and Robyn McLaughlin. "Global diversification: Evidence from corporate operating performance." Corporate Ownership and Control 4, no. 4 (2007): 228–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv4i4c1p7.
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This study casts light on the impact of the decision to diversify globally on the firm’s operating performance. Examining operating performance enables us to circumvent the measurement errors associated with excess value that is used to measure the diversification discount/premium. Our central empirical results for a sample of firms that chose to diversify globally reveal that sample firms, in spite of exhibiting a diversification discount, significantly outperform their domestic counterparts following the diversification. Our findings imply that global diversification does not result in misallocation of investment resources. The fact that our firms exhibit the diversification discount and yet outperform their domestic counterparts confirms previous studies’ conclusions that the diversification discount is most likely an artifact of measurement error
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Moen, Øystein, and Per Servais. "Born Global or Gradual Global? Examining the Export Behavior of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises." Journal of International Marketing 10, no. 3 (September 2002): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.10.3.49.19540.
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Over the past decade, several studies have questioned the stage models of the internationalization process. Many of these studies concentrate on the exporting versus nonexporting factor, identifying an increasing number of firms that are active in international markets shortly after establishment. Limited empirical evidence exists as to whether this actuality indicates simply a reduced time factor in the preexport phase or an important change in the export behavior of firms. Using small and medium-sized exporting firms from Norway, Denmark, and France, the authors focus on the concept of gradual development. The results suggest that export intensity, distribution, market selection, and global orientation are not influenced by the firm's year of establishment or first year of exporting activity. One-third of the firms sampled reported that the time period between establishment and export commencement was less than two years. In terms of export intensity, these firms outperform those that waited several years before exporting. The results indicate that the future export involvement of a firm is, to a large extent, influenced by its behavior shortly after establishment. The results further indicate that the development of resources in support of international market competitiveness may be regarded as the key issue and that the basic resources and competencies of the firm are determined during the establishment phase. The authors review how the management challenges differ depending on the type of firm (age and export involvement) in question.
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Shafi, Khuram, Zartashia Hameed, Usama Qadri, and Samina Nawab. "Exploration of Global Brand Value Announcements and Market Reaction." Administrative Sciences 8, no. 3 (August 27, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci8030049.
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Brand value is an intangible asset of all firms and plays an important role in a firm’s performance. Many independent firms publish the brand values of the different leading firms worldwide. Here a very simple and basic question is raised; should stockholders and investors consider and analyze brand value when they invest or not. The main objective of this study is to consider this basic question. To answer this question we considered the Global top firms in the period from September 2009 to October 2014. Results are positively significant concerning signaling theory and, it is concluded, in the context of signaling theory, that famous value brands have very important marketplace signals that can help to improve information asymmetry. Investors and stockholders can use this information regarding their investment.
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Bauer, Tim D., Bruce Dehning, and Theophanis C. Stratopoulos. "The Financial Performance of Global Information and Communication Technology Companies." Journal of Information Systems 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 119–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/isys-50215.
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ABSTRACT This study examines the cross-sectional financial performance among firms from the global information and communication technology (ICT) sector over the period 1998–2007. Using a pooled linear regression, the results show that U.S.-based ICT companies are on average underperforming the rest of the world after controlling for firm-specific variables known to affect firm financial performance. The results also show that characteristics of the firm's host country explain a statistically significant portion of the variation in firm performance, incremental to firm-level characteristics. More specifically, firms located in countries with attractive tax environments and high-government subsidies outperform their competitors in countries with less attractive tax environments and subsidies. Firms in financial markets that provide ICT firms with relatively favorable cost of capital underperform those in markets with a cost of capital less conducive to business development, which may suggest the cost of capital attracts new market competition that reduces overall profit. Countries with the best performing ICT firms are those with the highest industry focus, where a few industries dominate rather than an even distribution of firms across a broad range of industries. The findings have important implications for policymakers, business strategists, and investors.
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MULLIN, RICK. "INDIAN FIRMS GO GLOBAL." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 84, no. 39 (September 25, 2006): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v084n039.p062.
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Bell, Jim, Rod McNaughton, and Stephen Young. "‘Born-again global’ firms." Journal of International Management 7, no. 3 (September 2001): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1075-4253(01)00043-6.
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Teagarden, Mary B. "When Global Firms Merge." Thunderbird International Business Review 59, no. 2 (February 16, 2017): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.21901.
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Kumar, V. "Global implications of cause-related loyalty marketing." International Marketing Review 37, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 747–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-06-2019-0160.
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Purpose Loyalty programs (LPs) worldwide are maturing even as such programs are growing at a sluggish pace and losing appeal among consumers. This creates a need (and a potential opportunity) for firms to redesign their LPs that better resonates with their customers. The purpose of this paper is to identify that reorienting LPs to focus on societal and environmental causes, in addition to economic causes, can revive the growth of LPs. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a triangulation approach to integrate knowledge from past research, managerial insights and the popular press that is used in two ways. First, this study identifies a dominant logic in the evolution of LPs toward a focus on societal and environmental causes. Second, based on this evolving logic, this study advances a framework to design cause-related LPs that is an integration of a firm’s economic, societal and environmental imperatives. Findings The proposed framework submits that designing a LP consisting of tangible and intangible characteristics will lead to the increased adoption of LPs by the focal industry firms, and the increased acceptance of LPs by customers across all focal industry firms, while moderated by the competitive pressure faced by firms, and the prevailing regulatory framework. Further, the adoption and acceptance of LPs by firms and customers, respectively, will lead to the realization of established LP outcomes, while moderated by the intensity of customer usage. Research limitations/implications Based on the proposed framework, this study identifies important implications for customers, firms, society and the environment worldwide in redesigning their LPs. Originality/value By integrating various sources of knowledge (academia, business and press) from multiple domains (e.g. marketing, sociology, environmental studies and finance), this study presents an integrative framework that presents a holistic approach in redesigning LPs.
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Saleh, Ali Salman, Enver Halili, Rami Zeitun, and Ruhul Salim. "Global financial crisis, ownership structure and firm financial performance." Studies in Economics and Finance 34, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 447–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-09-2016-0223.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the financial performance of listed firms on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) over two sample periods (1998-2007 and 2008-2010) before and during the global financial crisis periods. Design/methodology/approach The generalized method of moments (GMM) has been used to examine the relationship between family ownership and a firm’s performance during the financial crisis period, reflecting on the higher risk exposure associated with capital markets. Findings Applying firm-based measures of financial performance (ROA and ROE), the empirical results show that family firms with ownership concentration performed better than nonfamily firms with dispersed ownership structures. The results also show that ownership concentration has a positive and significant impact on family- and nonfamily-owned firms during the crisis period. In addition, financial leverage had a positive and significant effect on the performance of Australian family-owned firms during both periods. However, if the impact of the crisis by sector is taking into account, the financial leverage only becomes significant for the nonmining family firms during the pre-crisis period. The results also reveal that family businesses are risk-averse business organizations. These findings are consistent with the underlying economic theories. Originality/value This paper contributes to the debate whether the ownership structure affects firms’ financial performance such as ROE and ROA during the global financial crisis by investigating family and nonfamily firms listed on the Australian capital market. It also identifies several influential drivers of financial performance in both normal and crisis periods. Given the paucity of studies in the area of family business, the empirical results of this research provide useful information for researchers, practitioners and investors, who are operating in capital markets for family and nonfamily businesses.
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Gull, Nida, Muhammad Asghar, Qader Aleem Ahmed, Asim Rafique Muhammad, Ahmed Syed Jameel, and Shan-e. Ali. "Entrepreneurial orientation and international performance of born global firms: the mediating role of entrepreneurial competencies." Vilakshan - XIMB Journal of Management 18, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 122–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/xjm-06-2020-0009.
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Purpose This study aims to extend the understanding of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) by investigating the international EO (IEO) from the perspective of the international performance of born global firms. The born global firm's EOs toward global firms led to innovation and dynamic organizational capabilities and to improve the firms' international performance and development. Design/methodology/approach It is a hypothesis that IEO predicted that utilization of export promotion programs (EPPs) would be positively associated with international performance. The samples of 405 respondents were collected from born global firms to acquire higher international performance of firms in China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and mediation analysis are processed to test the proposed hypotheses empirically. Findings The results from the SEM test revealed that the network relationships and utilization of EPPs fully mediate the effect of IEO on international performance. These results indicate that not only IEO is an important factor of network relationships but also the utilization of EPPs and international performance for born global firms. IEO can motivate managers to find the right network relationships and ultimately improve company performance. The IEO of the initiative has strong impact on the performance of international firms. Originality/value There is a comprehensive view among the relationships of IEO, entrepreneurial competencies and the network utilization of government EPPs, international performance in the context of born global firms. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in detail.
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Miskell, Peter. "“Selling America to the World”? The Rise and Fall of an International Film Distributor in its Largest Foreign Market: United Artists in Britain, 1927–1947." Enterprise & Society 7, no. 4 (December 2006): 740–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700004778.
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Few industries are as widely associated with the spread of American values, ideas, and products as the film industry. U.S. firms certainly dominated the global market for feature films, but did they do so simply by “selling America to the world” or was there more to be gained by catering to the diverse tastes of international audiences? This article examines the operations of a leading U.S. film distributor in its largest foreign market. United Artists, like other U.S. firms, was forced to offer a minimum proportion of British films for distribution in the United Kingdom in the 1930s and 1940s. Was this requirement a burden, or were the firm’s British films actually at the heart of its success in the U.K. market?
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Lin, Nidthida, Hao Tan, and Stephen Chen. "Global offshoring portfolio diversity and performance implications." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 47, no. 2/3 (March 6, 2017): 114–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-09-2015-0230.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how three key dimensions of a firm’s offshoring portfolio – location diversity, functional diversity and governance mode – affect the financial and innovation outcomes of offshoring. Design/methodology/approach The authors investigate the relationships between the diversity of a firm’s offshoring portfolio and its offshoring outcomes using a sample of US, European and Asia Pacific firms engaging in offshoring activities. Findings The authors found that: location diversity shows a significant “flipped S-shape” relationship with innovation outcomes, but has a negative impact on financial outcomes, functional diversity has a significant and positive effect on innovation outcome and the use of an outsourcing governance mode significantly moderates these relationships, such that the degree of offshore outsourcing weakens some of these effects. Originality/value The authors conclude that firms which strategically coordinate all three dimensions of their offshoring portfolio are more likely to achieve better innovation or financial outcomes from their use of offshoring in global supply chain and sourcing.
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Murray, Janet Y. "Strategic Alliance–Based Global Sourcing Strategy for Competitive Advantage: A Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions." Journal of International Marketing 9, no. 4 (December 2001): 30–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.9.4.30.19938.
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In an era of intense global competition, firms realize that the effective use of global sourcing contributes significantly to their market performance. Increasingly, successful firms use a higher level of strategic alliance–based global sourcing for major components by cooperating with their suppliers, even when highly specific assets are involved. This phenomenon is contradictory to the recommendation of transaction cost analysis, in which global internal sourcing should be used by firms when asset specificity is involved. Through the integration of different perspectives, the author examines variables that may influence buyer firms to rely more on strategic alliance–based global sourcing for major components when highly specific assets are involved. In addition, the author suggests that strategic alliance–based global sourcing when highly specific assets are deployed may enhance a firm's competitive advantage through the combination of resources in unique ways. This article is intended to increase managers' awareness of the strategic benefits that arise from outsourcing through partnerships with their suppliers.
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Schueffel, Patrick, Rico Baldegger, and Wolfgang Amann. "Behavioral patterns in born-again global firms." Multinational Business Review 22, no. 4 (November 17, 2014): 418–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-06-2014-0029.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify factors that influence so-called born-again global firms’ internationalization behavior. Specifically, this article explores the following questions: why do mature, domestically focused firms suddenly turn into born-again global firms, how do they do so and what elements are needed for born-again global firms to be sustainable. Design/methodology/approach – Using an established international entrepreneurship model as a starting point, we extract relevant factors for a conceptual framework on born-again global firms’ internationalization activities. Case study research among a cross-sectional sample of born-again global firms is being applied for that purpose. Findings – Driven by the insufficient size of their domestic market, born-again global firms typically embark on internationalization after a generational change at the chief executive officer level. Throughout their internationalization journey, they flexibly adapt toward new needs of their foreign environments. Due to their idiosyncratic characteristics, born-again global firms deserve consideration as a separate group of research objects in the field of international entrepreneurship. Research limitations/implications – The investigated sample of case study firms was drawn across a variety of industries. As such, industry-specific conditions could not be observed and the findings from case study research run the risks of being generalized too broadly. In addition, the accuracy of the case study results may suffer from a certain degree of hindsight bias as the internationalization event took place in the past. Practical implications – Openness to learning from other markets and the flexibility to modify products according to client needs strengthen born-again global firms’ competitiveness. To endure, born-again global firms have to be innovative in adapting to changes, which makes it easier for them to launch their products in new markets. Originality/value – To date, international entrepreneurship has focused on the activities of small and newly established firms, largely neglecting the behavior of somewhat larger and established firms in traditional sectors. This study shows that established companies can exhibit the same innovative, proactive and risk-seeking behavior across borders as new ventures do. Despite their strongly rooted structures, strategies and cultures, born-again globals can flexibly adapt to new environments.
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Wang, Lei, Jun Li, and Shaoqing Huang. "The asymmetric effects of local and global network ties on firms’ innovation performance." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 33, no. 3 (April 3, 2018): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-10-2016-0252.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically test a theoretical framework examining how local network ties and global network ties affect firms’ innovation performance via their absorptive capacities. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual framework is empirically tested in a field study with multi-source data collected from a sample of 297 manufacturing firms located in four. Manufacturing clusters in the south-eastern Yangtze River Delta of China. Hypotheses were tested with the use of path analysis with maximum likelihood robust estimates through the structural equation modelling approach. Findings The asymmetry between local network ties (LNT) and global network ties (GNT) in terms of influences on firms’ innovation performance is confirmed by empirical tests. LNT not only significantly and positively contribute to firms’ innovation performance directly but also enhance it indirectly via absorptive capability, whereas GNT exhibit only marginal influence on innovation performance. GNT are shown to boost innovation performance (IP) only indirectly via firms’ absorptive capacities. Knowledge heterogeneity and the difference between domestic and multinational firms’ institutional environment are considered to be the main causes of the asymmetric effects. Originality/value While the previous literature either focused on the mediating role of firms’ knowledge absorptive capacities or investigated the effects of social networks separately, this study incorporates both mechanisms into a single analytical framework to better account for the interactions between network effects and absorptive capacities. The results challenge some previous studies positing that GNT are stronger determinants than LNT in shaping a local firm’s innovation capacity in emerging economies, and the findings emphasize the importance of absorptive capacity in helping local enterprises to leverage external linkages to enhance firm’s innovation performance.
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Antràs, Pol, Teresa C. Fort, and Felix Tintelnot. "The Margins of Global Sourcing: Theory and Evidence from US Firms." American Economic Review 107, no. 9 (September 1, 2017): 2514–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20141685.
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We develop a quantifiable multi-country sourcing model in which firms self-select into importing based on their productivity and country-specific variables. In contrast to canonical export models where firm profits are additively separable across destination markets, global sourcing decisions naturally interact through the firm's cost function. We show that, under an empirically relevant condition, selection into importing exhibits complementarities across source markets. We exploit these complementarities to solve the firm's problem and estimate the model. Comparing counterfactual predictions to reduced-form evidence highlights the importance of interdependencies in firms' sourcing decisions across markets, which generate heterogeneous domestic sourcing responses to trade shocks. (JEL D24, F14, F23, L14, L21)
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Beaverstock, J. V. "Subcontracting the Accountant! Professional Labour Markets, Migration, and Organisational Networks in the Global Accountancy Industry." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 28, no. 2 (February 1996): 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a280303.
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In this paper, the notion of the labour market is discussed within the context of international migration of skilled labour in the accountancy industry. The principal arguments reported are that the labour-market practices of large accountancy firms have restructured the demand for professional labour on a global scale. Accounting staff are subcontracted to their firm's international office networks or multinational clients through secondment, transfer, or exchange procedures. Equally, those firms who are members of global accountancy networks subcontract their staff to the international independent member firms.
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Kumar, Nishant, and Ali Yakhlef. "How capabilities evolve in a born global firm?" Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 6, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-06-2014-0018.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper to examine the mechanism through which the capabilities related to internationalisation emerge and are acquired as firms internationalise. Design/methodology/approach – This study draws on existing literature on born global firms and dynamic capabilities to develop a tentative framework and then use that to examine a longitudinal case study of an Indian firm operating within knowledge-intensive services industry. The role played by these capabilities in the survival and sustained international growth of born global firms has been probed. Findings – The study establishes a link between firm’s ability to develop such capabilities for global service delivery and its growth and survival. It is suggested that dynamic capabilities emerge as the result of a mix of experiential and deliberate learning processes, being in a constant change in rhythm with changes in domestic and in international business environments. Research limitations/implications – This study is based on a single case study from knowledge-intensive service industry in India with its own particular characteristics. Thus, the findings of this study may not be generalised across other emerging markets or industry. Practical implications – Entrepreneurs and managers of new ventures can benefit from this study, as this study helps them develop a deeper understanding of the different capability requirements for successful internationalisation. Originality/value – This study contributed to the existing literature on capability evolution in born global firms.
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Choi, Darwin, Zhenyu Gao, and Wenxi Jiang. "Attention to Global Warming." Review of Financial Studies 33, no. 3 (February 14, 2020): 1112–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz086.
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Abstract We find that people revise their beliefs about climate change upward when experiencing warmer than usual temperatures in their area. Using international data, we show that attention to climate change, as proxied by Google search volume, increases when the local temperature is abnormally high. In financial markets, stocks of carbon-intensive firms underperform firms with low carbon emissions in abnormally warm weather. Retail investors (not institutional investors) sell carbon-intensive firms in such weather, and return patterns are unlikely to be driven by changes in fundamentals. Our study sheds light on peoples’ collective beliefs and actions about global warming.
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Agyemang-Mintah, Peter. "Remuneration Committee governance and firm performance in UK financial firms." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 1 (April 8, 2016): 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(1-1).2016.05.
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This paper investigates the association between the Remuneration Committee (RC) on firm performance. The research uses a data span of 63 financial institutions for a period of 12 years. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Random Effects (RE) regression estimations are used. The ascertained empirical results indicate that the establishment of remuneration committee by the board is positively correlated to its performance, as measured by its Return on Assets (ROA), and is also statistically significant on the Market Value (MV) of the firm. Subsequent tests conducted show that presence of an RC had a positive and statistically significant correlation during the pre/post global financial crisis on the ROA of the firm. The MV measure during the pre-crisis indicates a positive and statistically significant impact, but only positive during the post-crisis. The findings are robust across econometric models that control for different types of endogeneity. The outcome indicates that the establishment of an RC by the board assisted in achieving a positive impact on the profitability of UK financial institutions
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Zhang, Man, Qian Gao, Jane V. Wheeler, and Jungsook Kwon. "Institutional effect on born global firms in China: the role of Sun Tzu’s The Art of War strategies." Journal of Asia Business Studies 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-11-2014-0084.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the role of Sun Tzu’s significant strategies on the relationship between the institutional environment and international performance of Chinese born global firms, a type of small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) characterized by the company’s limited resources and its early efforts to internationalize. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on a multi-case analysis of interviews conducted with four chosen born global firms, coupled with public database and Web site searches. Through the use of qualitative methods, propositions were developed. Findings – This paper provides insights regarding how the institutional environment, both formal and informal, has a strong positive relationship with born global firm’s international performance. Moreover, Sun Tzu’s significant strategies play a critical role in the internationalization process of born global firms in emerging markets. Originality/value – Although existing studies discuss the application of Eastern philosophical strategies adopted by firms in emerging markets, to the best of our knowledge, this is one of the earliest studies which evaluates the moderation effect of Sun Tzu’s significant strategies on the relationship between institutional environment and business performance. The paper contributes to scholarly discourse on the influencing factors of born global firm’s internationalization process. It also has practical relevance to international entrepreneurs and SMEs from emerging markets.
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Karolyi, G. Andrew, Dawoon Kim, and Rose Liao. "The Theory and Practice of Investor Relations: A Global Perspective." Management Science 66, no. 10 (October 2020): 4746–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3405.
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Using proprietary survey data of investor relations (IR) officers from 59 countries, we uncover new stylized facts on a wide variety of IR functions, such as the firm’s interactions with brokers and investors, the formulation of its disclosure policies, and its global outreach efforts. We find that IR activities vary widely across firms, industries, and countries. They have become increasingly important, as reflected by the more frequent involvement of IR officers with senior executives on a day-to-day basis. We also find that large and complex firms receiving greater media attention engage more in IR activities. In addition, firms domiciled in countries with weaker legal protections for investors and poorer disclosure standards, those cross-listed in the stock markets that are outperforming, and those with high global media visibility invest in greater global outreach efforts with IR activities. Firms’ IR efforts to investors worldwide are associated with higher Tobin’s q valuation ratios. We interpret our findings in the context of theories and existing evidence on the role of asymmetric information and governance problems in global markets. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
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WU, XIAOBO, XUEFENG LIU, and JIAN DU. "LOCAL FIRM'S KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION IN THE GLOBAL MANUFACTURING NETWORK: EVIDENCE FROM CHINESE SAMPLES." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 04, no. 03 (September 2007): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877007001119.
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The Global Manufacturing Network (GMN) is a new manufacturing system, which provides great opportunities for local firms in developing countries to acquire knowledge and upgrade capabilities through collaborations in the GMN. This paper hypothesizes that local firm's potential absorptive capacity has a positive impact on its knowledge acquisition in the GMN, and the association between them is moderated by network embeddedness. Using data from Chinese manufacturing firms, this paper confirms the hypothesis that local firm's potential absorptive capacity can contribute to its knowledge acquisition in the GMN, and the hypothesis of the moderating effect of network embeddedness is partially supported by the results.
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Dai, Yunhao. "Taking your company global: the effect of returnee managers on overseas customers." China Finance Review International 9, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-03-2018-0024.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effect of returnee managers on Chinese firms’ performances at overseas markets.Design/methodology/approachBy hand collecting two data set containing managers’ foreign experiences and firms’ principal customers, this study empirically examines the relationship between returnee managers and overseas customers.FindingsThe author shows that firms with returnee managers: have higher probability of gaining overseas customers and proportion of overseas sales; and are more likely to conduct international M&A, adopt international Big 4 auditors and list overseas. In addition, returnee executives who came back from individualistic culture with overseas working experience, when entering the overseas market where they have experienced, are more effectively in helping firms to perform well.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings in this study suggest that firms with returnee managers are better able to develop relationships with overseas customers and expand overseas markets than those firms without returnee managers.Practical implicationsFor policy makers, this study justifies government policies that aim to attract and encourage more returnees to come back. Furthermore, the author shows that returnees with different foreign experiences, national culture of different countries, whether doing business with their familiar foreign country, and their positions in current organizations have different effects on overseas customers. Firms can utilize all these information to choose the “right” returnees to increase their success in overseas markets.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to examine the role of returnee managers in an emerging economy on firm’s probability of gaining overseas customers and expanding overseas sales.
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Fang, Tony, Rosalie L. Tung, Linda Berg, and Nazanin Nematshahi. "Parachuting internationalization: a study of four Scandinavian firms entering China." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 24, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 554–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-02-2016-0041.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a “parachuting internationalization” metaphor as an alternative strategy that firms may choose to enter foreign markets compared to Uppsala Model and Born Global Model. This proposed new metaphor seeks to integrate the Uppsala and the Born Global Models to show that firms can attain success in the age of globalization if they are adept at devising creative strategies that help them overcome the challenges in a psychically distant environment. Design/methodology/approach This is a research paper that develops theoretical perspectives inspired by the Yin Yang thinking as well as the “thick descriptive” multiple case studies. Findings “Parachuting internationalization” embraces essential elements of the Born Global and the Uppsala Models and refers to a firm’s strategic targeting of markets with great potentials, correct positioning, swift actions, and fast learning, thus enabling the firm to circumvent the conventional wisdom of liability of foreignness, cultural distance, and psychic distance. “Parachuting internationalization” is essentially a GLOCAL approach which can be implemented in practice in terms of global vision, location, opportunity, capital, accelerated cultural learning and quick action, and logistics. Research limitations/implications The “parachuting internationalization” metaphor is derived from interviews with four Scandinavian firms’ experiences that have entered into the Chinese market. This research reveals that two seemingly opposite approaches, i.e., the Born Global and the Uppsala Models, can be fruitfully combined and reconciled to generate a third novel approach. Originality/value To date, there has been little attempt to reconcile and/or integrate the Born Global and the Uppsala Models of internationalization. The paper enriches the ongoing debate on the internationalization of firms in the international business literature that has relied primarily on the Uppsala Model or Born Global Model. The study shows that a third way, i.e. the “parachuting internationalization” is both theoretically innovative and practically feasible.
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Ning, Mimi, and Jianhong Qi. "Exchange Rate Risk Analysis Based on Firm Data: A Global Value Chain Perspective." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (July 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5096720.
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This paper investigates whether firms’ participation in the global value chain (GVC) weakens the exchange rate risk and its mechanism. Based on Powers and Riker’s (2013) expanding exchange rate risk model, this paper matches data from China’s refined input-output table, the customs database, and the industrial enterprise database from 2002 to 2009 to measure the firms’ GVC forward linkages and backward linkages and therefore empirically tests the relationship between participation in the GVC and the exchange rate risk. The results show that participation in the GVC reduces firms’ exchange rate risk through a “comovement effect” for forward linkages and a “hedging effect” for backward linkages; differences in a firm’s position in the GVC affect the extent of reduction in the exchange rate risk. Encouraging firms to participate in the GVC and strengthening GVC relationship with high-income countries in particular play an important role in minimizing the exchange rate risk.
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Lagrosen, Stefan. "Quality management in global firms." TQM Magazine 16, no. 6 (December 2004): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09544780410563310.
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Oluwatayo, Adedapo, and Dolapo Amole. "Characteristics of global architectural firms." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 19, no. 4 (June 29, 2012): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09699981211237102.
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Boettcher, Roland, and Martin K. Welge. "Global strategies of European firms." International Executive 38, no. 2 (March 1996): 185–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060380203.
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Dow, Douglas. "Born global firms and accidental internationalists: Has Hennart (2014) opened a can of worms?" Review of International Business and Strategy 27, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 286–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ribs-02-2017-0012.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to respond to Hennart’s (2014) challenge to the existing born global literature. In his challenge, Hennart proposes a simpler explanation of why some firms internationalize earlier and more aggressively than others. However, such a parsimonious model of born global firms raises the awkward question of whether born global firms are indeed any different from firms that internationalize more gradually. Design/methodology/approach Using two extensive surveys of Australian exporters, this paper first explores the degree to which a set of six “facilitating factors” that Hennart puts forward are different across born global and non-born global firms. Next, it tests the second aspect of the debate highlighted above – i.e. whether born global firms behave differently from non-born global firms. This is done by testing for differences in the patterns of early market selection for born global and non-born global firms. Findings Support is found for both the role of facilitating factors and for the view that born global firms behave differently from non-born global firms. As a result, it is proposed that the Hennart and the RBV-oriented explanations of born global firms need to be viewed as complementary, rather than competing. Each may represent a necessary but not sufficient condition with respect to born global firms. Originality/value A systematic testing for differences in facilitating factors and market selection patterns across born global and non-born global firms are both issues that have major implications for the born global literature, and yet have been left largely unexplored to date.
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Hong, Paul C., Kainan Wang, Xu Zhang, and Youngwon Park. "Trend analysis of Global Fortune 500 firms: a comparative study of Chinese and Japanese firms." Benchmarking: An International Journal 24, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-12-2014-0110.
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Purpose Over the decade the trend of Global Fortune 500 firms has shown significant changes – Japanese and Chinese firms in particular. The purpose of this paper is to present trend analysis of Global Fortune 500 – Japanese and Chinese firms. Key research questions are: what are the relevant macro-level changes that have affected the growth and decline of Japanese and Chinese firms? What are the industry-level changes that have occurred in Japanese and Chinese firms in terms of firm characteristics and financial performances? What are the lessons and implications from the firms added to or removed from Global Fortune 500? Data analysis is conducted based on Fortune database from 1995 to 2013. Design/methodology/approach The study employs descriptive analysis to examine the trend of Japanese and Chinese firms listed in Global Fortune 500 including: based on revenue and profit figures from 1995 to 2013; the authors perform trend analysis for each of those five types from 1995 to 2013; the authors replicate the analyses for different industry types in terms of the above five types; the authors compare the performances of Japanese and Chinese firms; based on 2011-2013 data, the authors conduct more in-depth analysis for selected firms. Findings The findings suggest five distinct types of firms including “Sustainables,” “New Comers,” “Move Ups,” “Decliners,” and “Drop Outs”; it is interesting to note that the changes in Global Fortune 500 firms suggest how these two countries show their relative competitive advantage. Chinese firms show steady flows of new firms that join in the rank of Global Fortune 500 whereas Japanese firms suggest continuous drop of firms that move out of Global Fortune 500 firms. As China increases its size of economy, state-owned financial institutions, resource-focus firms (e.g. mining and petroleum) firms also rapidly increased its overall size. Although the number is still small, privately owned Chinese global firms (e.g. Lenovo, Huawei, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, Ping An Insurance) also are now listed as Global Fortune 500 firms. In contrast, Japanese firms that lost their global market positions steadily disappeared from Global Fortune 500 firms. Representative firms include Daiei, Mitsubishi Motor Company, and NEC. Research limitations/implications One limitation of the analysis on financial indicators is that the authors select only a few firms and focus only on two time points. Nevertheless, it provides the authors information about the financial factors that characterize the two types of Global Fortune 500 firms. Moreover, it opens up new opportunities for future research. Practical implications Factors that influence the behaviors of Global Fortune 500 firms suggest both external environmental and internal managerial factors. Although serious external factors (e.g. Global Financial Crisis) affect the outcomes of these competitive positioning, it is still the managerial leadership that makes differences in cases of many Japanese firms. To Japanese firms maintaining domestic advantage is not enough to sustain their position in Global Fortune 500. Global competitiveness matters. On the other hand, it is unclear whether changes occurring in Chinese firms are more managerial than externally dictated. In case of many Chinese financial firms and resource rich firms, the huge domestic advantage has much to do with their position in Global Fortune 500. Originality/value This is the first trend analysis that examines the Global Fortune 500 firms from Japan and China. The authors identify five types of firms that would be an important basis for the further benchmarking studies of Global Fortune 500 firms in other counties (e.g. the USA, Germany, Korea, and other Emerging Economies – Russia, India, Brazil).
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Oniha, Kelly. "Success Indicators Influencing Choice Between Born Global and Born Regional Approach." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 816–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38908.
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Abstract: This paper explores the differences between born global firms and born regional firms. It compares performance between born regional firms and born global firms within the same industry. This paper would investigate three independent variables which are: firm performance, firm size, and model on a company’s strategy. I argue that despite key success indicators being almost similar in both born global firms and born regional firms, there exist some unique commonality in born global firms that are not evident in born regional firms, and vise-versa. This uniqueness motivates them to internationalize quicker than born regional firms. This paper would contribute to IB research by explaining the motivations behind behaviors of international venture firms Keywords: Born global firms, Born regional firms, international venture firms, Internationalization, resource based theory, stakeholder theory, shareholder theory
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Jucá, Michele, and Albert Fishlow. "CORPORATE INVESTMENT IN THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS." Journal of Business Economics and Management 22, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): 636–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2021.14548.
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This paper exams the impact of high levels of bank debt, leverage, credit obtained from government banks and cash reserves in the long and short terms investments of firms in the main Latin American countries after this crisis. For this purpose, it is applied a difference-in-differences test in a sample of more than 500 public and private firms, using hand-collected data of firms’ governmental bank dependence. The review period considers five previous (2003–2007) and subsequent years (2008–2012) to the crisis. The major results are reduction of long-term investments for firms with greater banking dependence, as well as short-term investments for firms with a higher level of cash reserves. Besides, firms that are more reliant on government-owned banks reduce capital expenditures. Differently from other studies, this one examines the impact of the last global financial crisis on the firms´ investment, considering its dependence of bank debt of institutions that belongs to the government or not. Understanding the mechanisms available to emerging economies can shed light on new countercyclical policies of governments and changes in the legislations of the financial system.
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Magnani, Giovanna, and Antonella Zucchella. "Coping with uncertainty in the internationalisation strategy." International Marketing Review 36, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 131–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-02-2017-0042.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore uncertainty-coping strategic actions in the internationalisation strategy of entrepreneurial ventures, encompassing born globals/international new ventures, enduring established internationalisers, old born globals, born-again globals and micro-multinationals. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed a qualitative exploratory study applying a grounded theory approach to ten entrepreneurial firms to investigate the strategies they adopted to cope with Knightian uncertainty in international markets. Findings The global niche strategy emerged as a successful path to deal with uncertainty in smaller firms’ internationalisation. The authors uncover the components of this strategy, namely the creation of markets, the focus on global clients and the control of technology. Originality/value The contribution of this paper consists in exploring how entrepreneurial firms cope with uncertainty through a global niche strategy and in outlining its main components. The authors develop a model of smaller entrepreneurial firms’ international strategising under this perspective. The research thus links together international marketing and strategy with (international) entrepreneurship studies.
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Kim, Young Sang. "Global Diversification and Hedging by High Technology Firms." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 21, no. 4 (November 30, 2013): 383–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-04-2013-b0002.
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This paper examines the operational hedging strategies of high technology firms and how they are related to financial hedging. We use a sample of 216 firms, consisting of 108 operationally-hedged high technology firms and a size and industry matched sample of 108 non-operationally-hedged firms. We find that derivatives users are larger and are more R&D intensive than non-derivative users. Our regression analysis results show that operational hedging and financial hedging are complementary. However, firms that use financial hedging are able to significantly lower their exchange rate exposure. Finally, our results show that financial hedging adds value for our sample of high technology firms, while operational hedging does not.
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Nautiyal, Anmol, and Suryanarayana Shastri. "Global Crossing: A Turnaround." Foreign Trade Review 37, no. 1-2 (April 2002): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515020106.
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During the 1990s, India saw tremendous changes in the economy and many Indian firms enjoyed the benefits of the Government's open policy. On-going process of relaxation in trade barriers and tariffs and the phasing-out of Quantitative Restrictions (QRs) are and will create many opportunities for growth. Changes in the external environment will impose challenges as well as create many opportunities for Indian firms. The focus of this paper is to identify the challenges and propose strategies for Indian multinationals. This would enable them to counter the challenges, leverage the opportunities and extend their product and service offering beyond the shores of the country. This paper analyses the pre-2010 period on the rationale that the strategies adopted by a firm during the years leading to 2010 will play an important role in judging how competitive it will be in the future. We have developed an Evolution Map and propose the use of a Competitive Map for an analysis of the Firm and its Product and Service offering. These tools will help companies identify and locate their relative position in their industries, assess their resources and capabilities, and help devise a future course of action. Following a methodical approach, we have analysed the market characteristics, and identified the Internal and External challenges that firms will face beyond 2010. We have developed a model to identify the strategies that firms need to implement to counter these challenges and stay competitive. Our strategy model and the Key Action Points provide a roadmap for firms who wish to carry their industry leadership to foreign lands. We give a thorough treatment of the key elements of each core strategy and finally analyse the key sectors of the Indian industry and identify some potential Indian multinationals of 2010.
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Halliburton, Chris, and Ian Jones. "Executive Insights: Global Individualism—Reconciling Global Marketing and Global Manufacturing." Journal of International Marketing 2, no. 4 (December 1994): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9400200405.
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Two apparently contradictory trends emerge from recent developments in marketing thinking—global marketing, and individual, or one-to-one, marketing relationships. Simultaneously, recent manufacturing developments have enabled firms to provide “mass customization, “ or products tailored to individual customer requirements. This article discusses these two issues, and suggests that they are the same phenomenon, viewed from two distinct disciplines. This raises serious questions about possible responses of Western companies to Japanese competition.
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Karunakaran, N., and T. Bayavanda Chinnappa. "Global hr skills and competencies." Journal of Management Research and Analysis 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jmra.2021.016.
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The paper focused on aspects of HR in international firms. It tries to explore the implications of global HR skills and competencies. That is how the HRM is practical in multinationals in globalized, liberalized and privatized world. In particular cultural influences on HR and HRD, emerging skills, and implications for the firms and some suggestions for them are attempted.
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Lin, Song, and Steven Si. "The influence of exploration and exploitation on born globals’ speed of internationalization." Management Decision 57, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-08-2017-0735.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate exploration and exploitation as antecedents to speed of internationalization in born global firms. Design/methodology/approach By using 150 born global firms in China, the authors demonstrate that the influence of exploration and exploitation on born globals’ speed of internationalization. The statistical method in this study is hierarchical regression model. Findings The results revealed that exploration has a negative effect on the internationalization of born global firms, whereas exploration does not. The interaction between exploration and exploitation has positive influence on born globals’ speed of internationalization. Practical implications The study helps entrepreneurs and managers to better understand how to achieve international entrepreneurship success and internationalization success. Originality/value This study makes a theoretical development of internationalization speed, a core aspect of international entrepreneurship theory. First, this study contributes to theories on born globals’ speed of internationalization, which the authors redefined in the current study by using two approaches to measure the speed of internationalization of born global firms. Second, the study used exploration and exploitation as the two designated factors that are supposed to affect the speed of internationalization of born globals which contributes to the theoretical literature of international opportunity.
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You, Weimu, Asta Salmi, and Katri Kauppi. "Integration of African firms into global value chains." critical perspectives on international business 14, no. 2/3 (May 8, 2018): 252–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-11-2016-0056.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the roles that African suppliers play in global value chains and the strategies that foreign firms adopt to integrate African firms into their supply chains. Design/methodology/approach The empirical research of this paper is based on a multiple case study and on interview data of foreign buyers and their entry into African supply markets: five Finnish companies and five Chinese companies were interviewed in 2014-2015. Findings The authors find that Finnish firms make relatively small investments and start sourcing operations on a small scale, whereas Chinese firms are running large infrastructural projects, relying on local sourcing. African firms typically only play modest roles with little value capture in the chain, supplying raw materials and simple products. The African infrastructural and cultural context makes it challenging for foreign firms to provide local suppliers with more strategic roles in their chains, thus hindering integration of local firms into global value chains. Originality/value This paper is one of the first to offer a comparison of Finnish (Western) and Chinese (other emerging economy) firms’ sourcing from Africa and provides understanding of the role of African suppliers in current value chains. The authors offer a qualitative exploration of why companies invest in African suppliers and of the scope of African presence in global value chains.
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Hoon Oh, Chang, and Alan M. Rugman†. "The dynamics of regional and global multinationals, 1999-2008." Multinational Business Review 22, no. 2 (July 15, 2014): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-04-2014-0015.
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Purpose – This paper aims to analyze regional versus global activities of large firms. We assemble longitudinal data over the 1999-2008 period. Design/methodology/approach – Sales and assets data for the Fortune 500 firms from 1999-2008 were compiled from annual reports of the firms, by triad region. The definition of the triad regions is based on international accounting standards. The classifications of firms are based upon the new metric of regional-to-total sales rather than the traditional metric of foreign-to-total sales. Findings – In an extension of the original study of Rugman and Verbeke (2004), no trend toward globalization is found, as nearly 80 per cent of the world’s largest firms are classified as home-region oriented, and only 4 per cent are classified as global. Only a few firms change classifications over the ten-year period. Overall, the world’s largest firms average 70 per cent of their sales and 72 per cent of their assets in their home region of the triad. Originality/value – This paper is the first one to use longitudinal data in the analysis of regional versus global firms, with ten years of data on the regional sales and assets of the world’s 500 largest firms.
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Boffa, Mauro, Marion Jansen, and Olga Solleder. "Participating to Compete: Do Small Firms in Developing Countries Benefit from Global Value Chains?" Economies 9, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9010012.
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Standard trade theory suggests that the profile of exporting firms is characterized by large firms which dominate domestic productivity distribution. Large manufacturing multinationals have increased their productivity by participating, creating and shaping global production networks. In recent decades, trade flows have become increasingly dominated by trade-in-tasks within global production networks. Given the importance of pro-competitive effects in establishing the gains from trade following trade liberalizations, it is important to look at the link between participation in global value chains and a firm’s competitiveness. The paper does so by using the International Trade Centre’s competitiveness index, for small, medium-sized and large firms, coupled with global value chain participation measures extracted from multi-regional input-output tables, and together forming a panel dataset at country and firm category level. The main finding establishes that the gains from integration into value chains are greater for small firms than for large firms. In particular, at the sample median, an increase of participation by 2.5% reduces the competitiveness gap between small and large firms by 1.25%. In addition, the analysis suggests that it is the use of foreign inputs that drives the result. In contrast, the domestic value in intermediate goods matters only in cases where value chains respond to domestic demand needs. The identification strategy relies on a fractional probit model allowing for unobserved effects, and a causal framework using the depth of trade agreements as instrument, in order to mitigate potential reverse causality.
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Sachdeva, S. K. "Global Sourcing and Global Manufacturing Competitiveness." Paradigm 1, no. 2 (January 1998): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971890719980216.
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We are at the beginning of a major change in global economy. The decade will see increasing polarisation of super regional trade agreements. With increasing world trade great opportunities are developing thrust on global manufacturing competitiveness and formation of international, multinational and transnational firms percolating various aspects of glolml sourcing for achieving internationalisation in their operations with utilisation of local resources and creating source partnering throughout the world.
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Kim, Sang-Bum. "Quantification of a Global Construction Core Competencies for Korean Construction/Engineering Firms." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers 33, no. 6 (2013): 2541. http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2013.33.6.2541.
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Bayraktar, Ahmet, and Nelson Oly Ndubisi. "The role of organizational mindfulness in firms’ globalization and global market performance." Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship 16, no. 1 (July 8, 2014): 26–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrme-10-2013-0029.
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Purpose – This research aims at contributing to international marketing literature by reconsidering the drivers of firms’ globalization and global market performance in the light of organizational mindfulness concept. Design/methodology/approach – Based on industrial organization theory, resource-based view and literature on organizational mindfulness, a conceptual framework is presented to characterize how organizational mindfulness impacts firms’ globalization process and global market performance. In total, 14 propositions are extracted. Findings – This paper proposes that organizational mindfulness plays a significant role in firms’ entry into foreign markets, global extension and global market performance. More specifically, organizational mindfulness positively moderates the relationships between external globalization drivers and the extent of firms’ globalization. In addition, organizational mindfulness is an antecedent to strategic processes, whereas it positively moderates the relationships between other internal drivers and firms’ globalization and global market performance. Furthermore, this paper suggests that country equity is a significant external globalization driver that also moderates the relationship between the extent of firms’ globalization and global market performance. Research limitations/implications – The proposed framework contributes to international marketing research by integrating organizational mindfulness concept into the drivers of firms’ globalization and global market performance, and highlights its crucial role in the pursuit of opportunities in the global marketplace. The paper suggests that firms should create mindful organizations to expand its activities into global markets and achieve desirable global market performance. In other words, they should improve collective mindfulness to survive in today’s hyper-competitive markets. Originality/value – The paper represents the first attempt that incorporates organizational mindfulness concept into firms’ globalization process. Highlighting the importance of developing mindful organizations, it reconsiders the drivers of firms’ global expansion and global market performance. Furthermore, it is the first attempt that introduces the country equity construct as an external driver of firms’ global extension and as a moderator between organizational reform measures and global market performance.
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Neely, Andy, and Jasper Hii. "The Innovative Capacity of Firms." Nang Yan Business Journal 1, no. 1 (November 20, 2014): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nybj-2014-0007.
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Abstract Innovation is widely accepted as a crucial competitive weapon in today's global market place. Yet the levels of innovation achieved by different firms, even within the same industry, can vary widely. The key question raised by this observation is why. Why are some firms more innovative than others? What are the factors that determine a firm's capacity to innovate and how can these be managed to enhance the firm's innovative potential? This paper sets out to address these and related issues. It reports the results of a study of competitiveness and innovation of firms in the East of England. In the paper it is argued that the innovative capacity of a firm is a function of the firm's culture, resources, competences and networks. Justification for this framework is provided by a review of the relevant literature and a series of case studies examining the capacity to innovate of a sample of firms in the East of England.
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Tintelnot, Felix. "Global Production with Export Platforms*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 132, no. 1 (October 13, 2016): 157–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw037.
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Abstract Most international commerce is carried out by multinational firms, which use their foreign affiliates both to serve the market of the host country and to export to other markets outside the host country. In this article, I examine the determinants of multinational firms’ location and production decisions and the welfare implications of multinational production. The few existing quantitative general equilibrium models that incorporate multinational firms achieve tractability by assuming away export platforms—that is, they do not allow foreign affiliates of multinationals to export—or by ignoring fixed costs associated with foreign investment. I develop a quantifiable multicountry general equilibrium model, which tractably handles multinational firms that engage in export platform sales and that face fixed costs of foreign investment. I first estimate the model using German firm-level data to uncover the size and nature of costs of multinational enterprise and show that the fixed costs of foreign investment are large. Second, I calibrate the model to data on trade and multinational production for twelve European and North American countries. Counterfactual analysis reveals that multinationals play an important role in transmitting technological improvements to foreign countries and that the pending Canada-EU trade and investment agreement could divert a sizable fraction of the production of EU multinationals from the U.S. to Canada.
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Chelliah, Shankar, Lee Ming Huoy, and Mohamed Sulaiman. "Social Network and Adaptive Capabilities Among Malaysian Born Global Firms." Advanced Science Letters 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 672–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.5952.
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The purpose of the research is to understand the mediating factor of Social Network and Adaptive Capabilities to the Relationship between Malaysian Born Global Entrepreneur’s Behaviours on International Performance. In the global market’s environment, there is full of uncertainty impact that may affect the entrepreneur’s international performance. Social network, adaptive capabilities and the firm behaviour is affecting the outcome of firm’s performance. The dependent variable of this research is firm performance, the independent variable of this research is Born Global firm’s behaviour and the moderating variables of this research are social network and adaptive capabilities. Based on the collected data, the research concluded that there was a significant relationship for social network and adaptive capabilities on the relationship between born global entrepreneur’s behaviours that influence in firm’s international performance. The study is geographically localized and limited to testing a sample of small medium enterprise (SMEs), Malaysian service and manufacturing firms with a minimum of 5 employees and no more than 150 employees, and also have internationalize their business activity; example like import, export, franchise, direct investment and other international business activity.