Journal articles on the topic 'Global environmental change – Political aspects'
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1
PATERSON, MATTHEW. "Car culture and global environmental politics." Review of International Studies 26, no. 2 (April 2000): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500002539.
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This article develops emerging critical approaches to global environmental politics by starting with the question, posed by Julian Saurin: ‘If degrading practices occur as a matter of routine, how do we account for this?’. Through an analysis of the global political economy of the car, it shows that widespread social practices which systemically produce global environmental change are simultaneously deeply embedded in the reproduction of global power structures. It focuses on three interconnected aspects of this global political economy—the role of the car industry in processes of globalization, its role in reproducing capital accumulation in the twentieth century, and the promotion of the car over its alternatives by states.
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Daily, Gretchen C., and Paul R. Ehrlich. "Impacts of development and global change on the epidemiological environment." Environment and Development Economics 1, no. 3 (July 1996): 311–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x00000656.
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AbstractAlthough improvements in human health represent a crucial aspect of development worldwide, many trends associated with development and global change appear to be reducing health security. In this article, we define the human epidemiological environment and describe key biophysical, economic, sociocultural, and political factors that shape it. The potential impact upon the epidemiological environment of aspects of both development and global change are then examined: the influences of human population size, mobility, geographic distribution, and nutritional status; modernization; loss of indigenous medicinal knowledge; microbial evolution of antibiotic resistance; land conversion and biodiversity loss; agricultural intensification; stratospheric ozone depletion; and climate change. Human vulnerability to infectious disease is often strongly and deleteriously influenced by ongoing, intensifying changes in these factors. An unprecedented level of communication and cooperation between experts, institutions, and nations is required to respond to the increasing threat of epidemic disease, which points to a promising area for enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration.
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Елена Николаевна, Тованчова, and Полякова Ольга Андреевна. "GEOPOLITICAL CONTOURS OF EUROPE: HISTORICAL AND METODOLOGICAL ASPECTS." STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR NOTES 1, no. 3 (September 2022): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2022-1-3-231-235.
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The article analyzes the essence and specifics of the functioning of the political process of the European Union in a globalizing world and the rapid change of the social and political situation, identifying the geopolitical features of the European Union, which reflect the position of subjective dominance in a complex configuration of annexation and secession manifestations associated with various formats of functional activities of global players in the geopolitical space and political reality of the European Union.
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Bassioni, Ghada. "GLOBAL WARMING AND CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (August 3, 2015): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2009vol2.1013.
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The manufacture of cements with several main constituents is of particular importance with regard to reducing climatically relevant CO2 emissions in the cement industry. This ecological aspect is not the only argument in favor of Portland composite cements. They are also viable alternatives to Portland cement from the technical point of view. Substitution of ordinary Portland cement (CEM I) by Portland composite cements (CEM II) and (CEM III), which clearly possess different chemical and mineralogical compositions, results in changes of their reaction behavior with additives like superplasticizers. A common admixture to CEM I in that sense is limestone (industrial CaCO3). Its interaction with polycarboxylates is ignored and its inertness is taken for granted. This study provides a systematic approach in order to better understand the interaction of these polymeric superplasticizers with CaCO3 by adsorption and zeta potential measurements. The results give some fundamental understanding in how far the cement industry can reduce the production of cement clinker by replacing it with limestone as admixture and consequently the CO2-emission is reduced, which is of high political and environmental interest.
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Stevenson, Hayley. "Creating a Climate of Convenience: Australia's Response to Global Climate Change (1996–2007)." Energy & Environment 19, no. 1 (January 2008): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830508783563091.
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This article discusses how issue framing and nondecision-making shaped Australia's response to global climate change between 1996 and 2007. The complex and multi-dimensional nature of global climate change enabled state and non-state actors to selectively highlight certain aspects of the issue, thereby framing it as a specific problem with corresponding solutions. The case of Australia provides an interesting example of how such conscious framing, together with underlying institutional biases, may suppress important aspects of global climate change and ensure they are kept off the political agenda. This article unravels four narratives that are evident in the former Australian Government's framing of global climate change during this period. The nondecisions which are embedded within these narratives have important normative implications which will be explored.
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Klepp, Silja, and Christiane Fröhlich. "Migration and Conflict in a Global Warming Era: A Political Understanding of Climate Change." Social Sciences 9, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050078.
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This special issue explores underrepresented aspects of the political dimensions of global warming. It includes post- and decolonial perspectives on climate-related migration and conflict, intersectional approaches, and climate change politics as a new tool of governance. Its aim is to shed light on the social phenomena associated with anthropogenic climate change. The different contributions aim to uncover its multidimensional and far-reaching political effects, including climate-induced migration movements and climate-related conflicts in different parts of the world. In doing so, the authors critically engage with securitising discourses and resulting anti-migration arguments and policies in the Global North. In this way, they identify and give a voice to alternative and hitherto underrepresented research and policy perspectives. Overall, the special issue aims to contribute to a critical and holistic approach to human mobility and conflict in the context of political and environmental crisis.
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Rusakova, J. A. "Theoretical Aspects of Analysis of International Environmental Security." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(44) (October 28, 2015): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-5-44-162-167.
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Abstract: International environmental security is a very hot contemporary issue of world politics, which in a large part defines the future of our environment. Dealing with this issue is of outmost importance since its failure will render all other issues and challenges as negligible. The article examines the theoretical aspects of solving the problem of environmental security. In particular, it analyzes the problem of negative social externalities, and the related concept of "tragedy of the commons." These problems create a fundamental obstacle to the implementation of environmental security at the global level. Traditionally, the problem of externalities in the environmental field have been approached economically, states and their manufacturers were to pay for the externalities in the form of additional taxes. However, experience shows that the economic tools of dealing with environmental security are not effective. The author suggests alternative non-economic approaches: strengthening and developing the system of permanent institutions of international negotiations on environmental security and promotion of environmental awareness. Solving the acute environmental problems is impossible without a change of the political philosophy of the ruling elites in most states.
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Engler, S., J. Luterbacher, F. Mauelshagen, and J. Werner. "The Irish famine of 1740–1741: causes and effects." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 1 (February 15, 2013): 1013–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-1013-2013.
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Abstract. This paper advances the current debate on causes and effects of famines. Since Sen's food entitlement decline theory emerged in the 1980's, climate and environmental factors are widely excluded in famine analysis. Studying the causation and the processes of famines as well as the adaptations to it before the 20th century will enhance modern famine theories and lead to a rethinking of the role of climate/environmental aspects in current research. In our case study, the "Famine Vulnerability Analysis Model" (FVAM) serves as an explanatory model and will open up new perspectives on famines. Special emphasis will be put on the Europe-wide crises of 1740–1741, with a focus on the famine of the "great frost" in Ireland. The interaction of demographic, political, economic and environmental aspects is characteristic in this famine.
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GROMILINA, Elvira A. "ASPECTS OF SUCCESSION URBAN DEVELOPMENT." Urban construction and architecture 11, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2021.03.16.
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The modern development of cities is infl uenced by a large number of factors, for example, the political environment, global climate change, and the epidemiological situation. The article examines the relationship between the subsystems of urban structure, ensuring its successive development, with the aspects of sustainable development. Aspects of succession urban development in the context of sustainable development are divided into three groups: environmental, economic and social. The urban planning process consists of short-term and long-term programs. Taking into account the identifi ed aspects, the principles of urban planning are formulated, which are aimed at preserving and developing the successive elements of the architectural and planning structure of the city.
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Brassett, James, and Richard Higgott. "Building the normative dimension(s) of a global polity." Review of International Studies 29, S1 (December 2003): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210503005898.
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Globalisation is not what it used to be. Earlier debates over how to read the indicators of economic liberalisation and the impact of technological expansion have now been joined by the increasingly pressing need to explore the social, environmental and political aspects of global change. Earlier discussions emphasised a number of dichotomies within the international political economy – open/closed, state/market and so on. These have proved limited in their ability to inform explanations of change under conditions of globalisation. To these we must now add what we might call the ‘governance from above’, ‘resistance from below’ dichotomy as a popular metaphor for understanding order and change in international relations under conditions of globalisation. But this new binary axis is in many ways as unsatisfactory as those that went before. It too can obscure as much as it reveals in terms of understanding the normative possibilities of reforming globalisation. In this article we wish to suggest that there is perhaps a more useful way of thinking about politics and the changing contours of political life in the contemporary global order. This approach blurs the distinction between governance and resistance by emphasising an ethical take on globalisation.
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MacNeil, M. Aaron, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Joshua E. Cinner, Nicholas K. Dulvy, Philip A. Loring, Simon Jennings, Nicholas V. C. Polunin, Aaron T. Fisk, and Tim R. McClanahan. "Transitional states in marine fisheries: adapting to predicted global change." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1558 (November 27, 2010): 3753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0289.
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Global climate change has the potential to substantially alter the production and community structure of marine fisheries and modify the ongoing impacts of fishing. Fish community composition is already changing in some tropical, temperate and polar ecosystems, where local combinations of warming trends and higher environmental variation anticipate the changes likely to occur more widely over coming decades. Using case studies from the Western Indian Ocean, the North Sea and the Bering Sea, we contextualize the direct and indirect effects of climate change on production and biodiversity and, in turn, on the social and economic aspects of marine fisheries. Climate warming is expected to lead to (i) yield and species losses in tropical reef fisheries, driven primarily by habitat loss; (ii) community turnover in temperate fisheries, owing to the arrival and increasing dominance of warm-water species as well as the reduced dominance and departure of cold-water species; and (iii) increased diversity and yield in Arctic fisheries, arising from invasions of southern species and increased primary production resulting from ice-free summer conditions. How societies deal with such changes will depend largely on their capacity to adapt—to plan and implement effective responses to change—a process heavily influenced by social, economic, political and cultural conditions.
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Pál, Viktor, and Leonardo Valenzuela Perez. "Environmental Protection under Authoritarian Regimes in Cold War Chile and Hungary." Global Environment 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 310–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2021.140204.
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Authoritarian regimes are often seen to be hostile toward the environment, albeit there is a growing body of literature suggesting a more nuanced image when it comes to authoritarian governments and the environment. However, several aspects of human-nature relationship need further clarification in non-democratic systems, both on the political left and right. In this article we aim to address that challenge by analysing Cold War economic and environmental goals and responses of the right-wing military junta in Chile under Pinochet and the Hungarian state-socialist, USSR-satellite regime under Kádár. By analysing two radically different political and economic approaches to economic catchup, while mitigating environmental costs on the way, this study aims to understand better the ecological motivations in authoritarian regimes operating diverse political and economic agendas.
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Dowsley, Martha, Shari Gearheard, Noor Johnson, and Jocelyn Inksetter. "Should we turn the tent? Inuit women and climate change." Études/Inuit/Studies 34, no. 1 (January 25, 2011): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045409ar.
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Abstract Most of the climate change literature for Arctic Canada in the social sciences has focused on men’s knowledge and experiences. Drawing on research from Qikiqtarjuaq and Clyde River, Nunavut, we explore Inuit women’s perspectives on recent environmental changes, many of which are often attributed to climate change by Inuit or others. We divide issues resulting from environmental change into primary and secondary effects. Primary effects are changes in environmental features that affect, for example, hunting, fishing, and travelling. Secondary effects occur in the community as a result of environmental change. These include changes in the use and condition of country products like seal skins, and the psychological and social impact of environmental changes, such as going out on the land less often due to fear of dangerous conditions. We also offer a preliminary discussion on women’s role in responses to climate change, through their often dominant economic and political roles in their communities, the territory, and various wider global governance fora. Our research indicates that gender helps shape Inuit knowledge of environmental change, as well as social responses to perceptions of change. By examining women’s perceptions of environmental change, we draw attention to the social aspects and also highlight how women can contribute to adaptation, not only to physical changes but also to the resulting social changes.
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Shand, Rory. "The Role of Ethics and Targets in Environmental Governance and the Enduring Importance of New Public Management." Political Studies Review 16, no. 3 (July 4, 2017): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929917704814.
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This article examines the importance of new public management in environmental governance. In order to explain what makes new public management such a robust framework for environmental governance, the article draws on the key themes of individual and collective responsibility in responding to climate change, examining the role of new public management in response to ecological and environmental change, resource scarcity, focus on global energy sources and politics. The article discusses the role of three aspects of environmental governance in turn: the theoretical understandings relating to individuals and society in response to climate change, the politics of these responses and governance arrangements, and how these are formed by the hastening paucity of certain energy resources. The article then moves on to examine these themes in the context of new public management, arguing that the responses we see to climate change in environmental governance are driven by measurement and targets, as these can be universally set and communicated. This shows the enduring nature of new public management in political and policy responses to the challenges of climate change. Bradshaw B (2014) Global Energy Dilemmas. Cambridge: Polity Press. Christensen C and Lægreid P (eds) (2011) The Ashgate Research Companion to New Public Management. Surrey: Ashgate. Cripps E (2013) Climate Change and the Moral Agent: Individual Duties in an Interdependent World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Death C (ed.) (2014) Critical Environmental Politics. Abingdon: Routledge.
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Wallerstein, I. "The Ecology and the Economy: What is Rational?" Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 11 (November 20, 2006): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2006-11-95-103.
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The article considers the problem of the global environmental change and its consequences. The author puts the environmentalists’ goals into the context of the geopolitical situation in the world-system and the structural features of the capitalist society. He suggests a complex view of coping with ecological difficulties, trying to combine intellectual, moral and political aspects of solving the said problems.
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Campa, Riccardo. "The Sociology of Global Warming: A Scientometric Look." Studia Humana 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2021-0002.
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Abstract The theory of anthropogenic global warming (AGW) enjoys considerable consensus among experts. It is widely recognized that global industrialization is producing an increase in the planet’s temperatures and causing environmental disasters. Still, there are scholars – although a minority – who consider groundless either the idea of global warming itself or the idea that it constitutes an existential threat for humanity. This lack of scientific unanimity (as well as differing political ideologies) ignites controversies in the political world, the mass media, and public opinion as well. Sociologists have been dealing with this issue for some time, producing researches and studies based on their specific competencies. Using scientometric tools, this article tries to establish to what extent and in which capacity sociologists are studying the phenomenon of climate change. Particular attention is paid to meta-analytical aspects such as consensus, thematic trends, and the impact of scientific works.
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Lee, Jae-Hyuck, and Do-Kyun Kim. "Analysis of the Discriminatory Perceptions of Victims on Damage from Environmental Pollution: A Case Study of the Hebei Spirit Oil Spill in South Korea." Land 10, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101089.
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Environmental pollution causes severe damage to local communities, which is perceived differently by different victims, that is, the damage is discriminatory. However, previous studies have not focused on this aspect. Here, we explored the perceptions of different victims of the Hebei Spirit oil spill incident of Korea. Additionally, we explored the importance of considering discriminatory aspects of damage when planning recovery governance. The damages from the oil spill were analyzed using a text mining technique for each subject based on factor analyses. Women and residents older than 60 years were interested in the social relations of the village community; residents in their 40s, who were raising children and teenagers, were interested in the economic aspects; boat fishermen, who had discontinued fishing to participate in the pollution response activity in the early stages of the incident, were interested in disaster prevention; and women divers were interested in health issues. Hence, restoring the economy and environment and reversing indirect social damages are essential for recovery from pollution damage. Furthermore, governance for recovery must not exclude specific victims based on the discriminatory aspects of damages. A political process is necessary to secure the validity of governance and alternatives by involving different victim groups.
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ZABARA, I., and O. DANILCHENKO. "Political and legal aspects of the digital economy and e-commerce formation of the PRC." INFORMATION AND LAW, no. 3(42) (September 20, 2022): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37750/2616-6798.2022.3(42).270096.
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The article covers the political and legal aspects of establishing and developing e-commerce and the digital economy in the PRC. The authors consider the features, periodization, and factors characterizing their development from the perspective of scientists and practitioners of the People's Republic of China. The authors conclude that changes caused by multidirectional processes (the global pandemic of Covid-19 and, as a result, negative global changes in the economy) accelerated the digitalization of many industries, primarily in the economy and trade; the trend emerging in the development of the digital economy in the PRC fully corresponds to the global development trend in the direction of “electronic commerce - digital economy - digitalized economy”; having the second largest indicators of the development of the digital economy, the PRC ensures this process with state program and legislative acts; high rates of development of the digital economy are supported by state support and national factors that contribute to the development of the digital economy; the promising growth of the digital economy will be ensured by the leadership of the state in the implementation of the proposed global initiatives.
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Shah, Sameer H., Lucy Rodina, Jenn M. Burt, Edward J. Gregr, Mollie Chapman, Steve Williams, Nicole J. Wilson, and Graham McDowell. "Unpacking social-ecological transformations: Conceptual, ethical and methodological insights." Anthropocene Review 5, no. 3 (December 2018): 250–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019618817928.
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Social-ecological systems contribute to environmental change and, in turn, face its corresponding shocks and disturbances. As scholarship on resilience and social-ecological transformations grows, researchers from various disciplines continue to debate how major transitions and environmental change can be anticipated, studied or guided towards just and ethical outcomes. To this end, we apply an interdisciplinary perspective to describing key aspects of social-ecological transformations scholarship around three pressing questions: (1) What features or criteria distinguish transformations from other forms of change?; (2) What are the political, ethical, and normative concerns associated with transformations?; and (3) How can we better track, measure, and evaluate such transformations? Our insights, which emerged from a workshop with early-career interdisciplinary scholars, highlight questions of justice, equity and ethics in transformations research, and suggest that more precise indicators of change, a more explicit understanding of system boundaries, and a dual focus on process and outcomes will help advance our understanding of the social-ecological implications of transformations. We hope that articulating these challenges and recommendations in an interdisciplinary framing will help further the conversation on these critical topics and provide an accessible perspective of key considerations for multidisciplinary scholarship on social-ecological transformations.
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Bednárik, Jaroslav, and Natália Augustínová. "Communication of Global Aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Circular Economy." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219206002.
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Research background: The essence of corporate social responsibility is not new, but its form has changed over the years, as has changed the view on whether it is possible and beneficial to put this idea into practice. CSR concerns economics, corporate management, business ethics, sociology, political science, environmental sciences and many other disciplines and is becoming increasingly popular among the general public. In this context, it is possible to look for connections and links to the circular economy. The circular economy is a sustainable development strategy that creates functional and healthy relationships between nature and human society. It perfectly closes material flows in long-term cycles. Purpose of the article: The paper aims to point out the possibilities of linking CSR concerning the environmental pillar, with the processes of the circular economy in the global environment through a concrete example. Methods: To achieve the set goal, published materials of domestic and foreign authors were examined. As part of the in-depth analysis, case studies of selected subjects were examined. Besides, a synthetic-analytical method and an inductive-deductive method were used. Findings & Value added: The expected result will provide a picture of the possibilities of connecting corporate social responsibility regarding the processes of the circular economy. The findings may lead to a more effective link between CSR and the circular economy.
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Aldy, Joseph E., and Robert N. Stavins. "Using the Market to Address Climate Change: Insights from Theory & Experience." Daedalus 141, no. 2 (April 2012): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00145.
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Emissions of greenhouse gases linked with global climate change are affected by diverse aspects of economic activity, including individual consumption, business investment, and government spending. An effective climate policy will have to modify the decision calculus for these activities in the direction of more efficient generation and use of energy, lower carbon-intensity of energy, and a more carbon-lean economy. The only technically feasible and cost-effective approach to achieving this goal on a meaningful scale is carbon pricing: that is, market-based climate policies that place a shadow-price on carbon dioxide emissions. We examine alternative designs of three such instruments: carbon taxes, cap and trade, and clean energy standards. We note that the U.S. political response to possible market-based approaches to climate policy has been, and will continue to be, largely a function of issues and structural factors that transcend the scope of environmental and climate policy.
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Milenković, Vesna. "The impact of globalization and convergence on the development of media industries." Napredak 3, no. 3 (2022): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/napredak3-38856.
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Globalization and convergence, as two phenomena that change the image of the media world and affect the development of media industries due to their ambiguity, are a consequence not only of technological development, but can also be interpreted from political, economic and cultural aspects. Analyzed within such context, media industries are becoming one of the most important factors that have an active impact on people's lives by striving to change and run them. This paper deals with the impact of convergence and global change on the development of media industries, given the fact that the media, on the one hand, as part of the act of communication, constitute intermediaries transmitting information, while, on the other hand, they produce and market their goods just as any other industry does. It is stated in the conclusion that these two phenomena of the digital era are crucial both to the development of the media industry and the work of the media as intermediaries transmitting information, create it and distribute content that has long since acquired the features of goods that are marketed. Without media convergence, in global society it would not be possible for each individual who has become a player in international/global communication to independently organize the media culture content and thus actively participate in the political and social life of the digital era.
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DÖÖRRIES, MATTHIAS. "In the public eye: Volcanology and climate change studies in the 20th century." Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 37, no. 1 (September 1, 2006): 87–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsps.2006.37.1.87.
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ABSTRACT Three factors furthered the emergence of the field of volcanism and climate change in the 20th century: trigger events in the form of major volcanic eruptions, which attracted scientific and public attention (Katmai [1912], Agung [1963], Mount St. Helens [1980], El Chichóón [1982], Pinatubo [1991]); the availability of long-term global data obtained by instruments including pyrheliometers, sondes, computers, and satellites, which allowed generalizations and theoretical considerations; and major scientific and public debates that assigned an important place to the theme. No one of these factors alone would have been sufficient; the new object of research emerged only from a specific but not necessarily simultaneous combination of arbitrary events in nature, standardized measurements of global reach, and public demand. The latter comprised many aspects, beginning with the debate around the cause of the ice ages, mutating into an environmental discussion of man-made climate change covering a spectrum of apocalyptic scenarios that pointed up the fragility of human existence on earth, including the possible impact of atmospheric H-bomb tests during the 1950s and 1960s, the environmental and human consequences of a nuclear war between the USSR and the United States, and anthropogenic climate change. Existing historical representations of the research field have so far been written exclusively by scientists themselves. This paper critically examines these accounts while placing the research on the field of volcanism and climate change within its larger social and political history.
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Syaufina, Lailan. "STATUS OF PEATLAND FIRE RESEARCH IN INDONESIA." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 7, no. 3 (December 28, 2016): S64—S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.7.3.s64-s67.
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Peatland fire research has been on the increasing trend since 1997/1998 when fire episode experienced by Indonesia and ASEAN region. Its impact on transboundary haze pollution has not merely related to environmental but on social and political issues. Since then, research on peatland fire has been on local and global concerns. International scientific journals on peatland fire in the period of 1997-2014 were reviewed and analysed descriptively. The study shows that in the earlier stage, researches covered peatland fire characteristics, fire behaviour, fire causes and fire impacts on peat and biodiversity in limited area. Research concerns had been broadened to ecological, economical, social aspects, and even political aspects. Greater impacts on transboundary haze pollution had attracted scientists to study on haze-air pollution relationship with special concern on health and economical aspects. Moreover, peatland fire and climate change issues including greenhouse gas (GHG) emission had been covered and become an iconic topic of peatland fire studies. Geographycally, almost all peatland fire studies focused in Sumatera and Kalimantan. In the last two decades period, peatland fire researches had been explored and developed to spatial analyses on fire prone areas mapping, modelling on fire occurence prediction, haze trajectory, hotspot accuracy as fire indicator, and the latest issue was burned area estimation in relation to predict GHG emission. Key words: peatland fire, transboundary haze, hotspot, climate change, emission
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Krasnostanova, N. "Trends in Reforming the Global Financial System." Modern Economics 31, no. 1 (February 20, 2022): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v31(2022)-09.
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Abstract. Introduction. The relevance of the study of trends in the reform of the global financial system is due to the fact that it is currently going through one of the most difficult and critical stages of its existence. The traditional challenges in the field of international currency circulation include the steady development of globalization of all economic processes, the development of digital technologies, as well as the impact of powerful exogenous factors such as rapid climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, which requires a rapid and comprehensive response Purpose. In this regard, this article aims to identify key aspects of the current stage of reforming the global financial system, their general characteristics, as well as changes in theoretical and political approaches to solving problems of the global financial system from the standpoint of complexity. The main research method was the method of induction, which based on the study of a number of primary international documents, theoretical studies and research focused on the initial analysis of individual problems of the global financial system allowed to form a comprehensive vision, identify and systematize major trends in global financial system reform. Results. The article provides a brief overview of trends in global financial architecture, emphasizes the awareness of major players – politicians, international economic and financial organizations, most scholars and key bankers of central banks – the need for closer linkage of monetary and financial processes with the needs of the real economy and international trade, increasing the regulatory role of the state in financial processes, as well as closer international coordination of efforts in the financial sphere, which is especially important for an adequate response to climate change and in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of digital technologies and exogenous factors (climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic) has forced politicians and financiers to focus on the Global Tax Agreement and the European Union's introduction of a transboundary carbon regulation mechanism. Conclusions. The identified trends in reforming the global financial system and their key characteristics, given in this article, can serve as a starting point for further research, both comprehensive and more specialized, as well as contribute to a broader understanding of modern global financial processes in shaping financial policy and adoption management decisions/
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Mansson, Maria. "Sweden—the world´s most sustainable country: Political statements and goals for a sustainable society." Earth Common Journal 6, no. 1 (October 30, 2016): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31542/j.ecj.887.
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Sweden, a small country with almost 10 million inhabitants, is the world’s most sustainable country according to some reports that compare environmental, social, and governance components between nations. Sweden plays a significant role in the European Union’s work for a sustainable society in the European Union. Strict environmental policies and governmental initiatives that encourage all members of the society to invest in climate change projects are among the reasons that put Sweden on top of sustainable ranking lists. During the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris, a number of goals were agreed upon and formalized as the Paris Agreement. One important aspect of the Paris Agreement is that there has to be collaboration between nations in the work against global warming. Sweden is already taking steps to achieve many of the goals set out in the 2015 UN Climate Conference as its government has established robust environmental policies. One such agency, Naturvårdsverket (the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency), is responsible for monitoring the state of the environment. Naturvårdsverket’s work is largely influenced by Sweden’s national environmental objectives. One generational goal, sixteen environmental quality objectives and 24 milestone targets define the direction of environmental work in Sweden, within the EU, and internationally. It is with frameworks like the national environmental objectives and governmental initiatives that encourage members of the society to actively participate in the work for climate change, that the Swedish government develops and implements its environmental policy.
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Sertyesilisik, Egemen, Seyma Yilmaz, and Begum Sertyesilisik. "Political Economy of Straw Houses: Traditional and Contemporary Way of Enhancing Sustainability of the Buildings." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 28, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.28.1.27711.
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Cities, as production and consumption hubs, cause significant amount of global CO2 emissions and energy consumption. Climate change challenges world’s welfare due to the global warming. Cities’ environmental footprint can be reduced with the help of energy efficient and sustainable built environment which can further contribute to the wellbeing and welfare of the urban population contributing to the solution of the fuel poverty. Straw is a traditional and contemporary material having outstanding technical characteristics (e.g. thermal insulation). Straw is a traditional material as it has been used in sheltering starting from the ancient times. Straw is a contemporary material as it is used even in small buildings with the help of innovations. Furthermore, it is a cost effective material from initial investment as well as maintenance and repair aspects. Straw houses can reduce energy consumption. This can reduce countries’ trade deficit due to the reduced demand for energy import, contributing to the solution of the fuel poverty. Straw is environmental friendly natural material. Constructing straw houses is important for sustainable living. Giving importance to the straw house construction can help reduction in the CO2 emission and in the energy consumption. Based on an in-depth literature review, this paper investigates political economy of straw houses and straw houses’ contribution to the sustainability performance of the built environment. This paper introduces to the literature political economy of the straw houses and provides recommendations on how to widespread the use of straw houses.
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von Hagke, Christoph, Chloe Hill, Angela Hof, Thomas Rinder, Andreas Lang, and Jan Christian Habel. "Learning from the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis to Overcome the Global Environmental Crisis." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 10545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710545.
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The COVID-19 crisis and the environmental crisis share a range of similarities. Both crises take place on a global scale and affect all aspects of our lives. However, we humans respond differently to these challenges. Here, we compare and comment on characteristics of the COVID-19 crisis and the environmental crisis, explore how far these two crises are comparable, and what we can learn from actions that have been taken against the COVID-19 crisis. We discuss how human societies are affected by the respective crises, and analyze policy makers’ responses and offer pathways to better inform policy. We highlight the role of science, which significantly contributed to decision making throughout the COVID-19 crisis, but seems frequently underrepresented in the environmental crisis. We conclude that there are significant differences between the two crises in terms of perceptibility and thus communicability. While problems and solutions in the COVID-19 crisis are largely linearly correlated, the challenges of the environmental crisis are far more complex and decoupled, and thus appear much more complex and are often only perceived with difficulty by humans. Thus, tackling the environmental crisis is much more challenging than solving the COVID-19 crisis. To overcome the environmental crisis, purely technical approaches for combating symptoms are not sufficient. However, political interests are usually short-term, and do not correspond with the temporal and spatial scales of global change. There is an urgent need to improve institutionalized scientific advisory mechanisms and to empower global policy makers who are independent of local interest groups. Furthermore, we need the sound communication of complex interactions to the general public and the translation of scientific findings into action. One possibility to achieve this is to bring together natural scientists with expertise in biology, climate and geosciences and social scientists, psychologists, and, possibly, artists.
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Blenda, N., M. Koroteev, D. Sokovnina, S. Sokoliuk, and O. Zharun. "Strategic analysis of the external environment is the basis for determining the strategic direction of the development of business structures." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 99 (December 22, 2021): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-99-2-124-131.
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The essence and significance of strategic analysis in the process of determining the strategic direction of enterprise development are considered. Approaches to the implementation of strategic analysis of the external environment are studied, the tools and methods of its implementation are determined. It is established that the main methods of assessing the impact of environmental factors are PEST-analysis and SWOT analysis. The purpose of PEST-analysis is to determine the impact of political, legal, economic, socio-cultural, and technological aspects of the environment, which allows identifying environmental factors that most affect the activities of business structures, as well as to predict favorable or threatening dynamics of their impact. Given the globalization of society, deepening and exacerbation of global problems, it is proposed to supplement the matrix of PEST-analysis of macro-environmental factors with the block "Global Problems" which covers economic, energy, demographic, social, environmental, and other spheres of human existence to change the factors of the external environment form the corresponding changes in the internal environment. The PEST-analysis itself allows for the development of the factors of the new middle, as it infuses the most into the scope of the household structures, and also transfers it to the more friendly and threatens the dynamism with the inflow of the cich factors. Protest, then, it means, that the globalization of the suspension and the diagnosis of global problems of the people is fueled by the correlation of the efficiency of all social and economic systems. Therefore, it is important to add the PEST-analysis matrix with the “Global Problems / Global Problems” block, which inject me into the singing world, and start the development of all officials of the new middle middle class, right into the middle of the earth.
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Schmithüsen, Franz. "INNOVATION IN FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS TEACHING AND RESEARCH." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 35, no. 1 (December 1, 2005): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2005.v35.i1.193.
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UDK 630*8/.9
The Bologna process thrusts forestry and forestry education into the context of an evolving global economy as well as worldwide concerns about environmental protection and climate change. It stimulates the integration of forestry into the framework of sustainable land-use practices and the combination of forest management experience with new scientific knowledge and research methodology. Forest professionals need a comprehensive educational background if they are to tackle rapidly changing social, economic and political problems. At the same time they need to understand the evolving and locally specific social and cultural aspects of forestry. This demands a joint approach to forest management, environment protection and landscape conservation. Maintaining the natural resource base and managing forests in a sustainable manner will require teaching programme combining policy and law, business economics and management, and forest resource and environmental economics components.
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Sommer, Jamie M., and Andrew Hargrove. "Power and Politics in the World-System." Journal of World-Systems Research 26, no. 2 (August 19, 2020): 263–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2020.998.
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While various researchers and practitioners agree that it will be hard to restructure our current global and local systems to adapt to and mitigate climate change, there is unsurprisingly great disagreement in how and if this can be accomplished and on what level(s), or if this is even what needs to be accomplished. These conversations have continued with the introduction of the “Anthropocene.” The dominant interpretation of the concept poses several solutions, one being national government restructuring to support environmental efforts and encouraging behavioral change. To join conversations that critically evaluate the conceptualization and implications of the Anthropocene with the world-systems perspective, we consider how the effectiveness of national environmental governance in reducing CO2 emissions varies by a country’s position in the global hierarchy. Using two-way fixed effects regression, this article tests how one aspect of this environmental governance, environmentally related taxes as a percentage of total tax revenue impacts CO2 emissions for 75 countries from 2000 to 2011. Given inequities in the global division of labor, which reinforce the dominance of higher-income countries and the exploitation of lower-income countries, we expect the effectiveness of environmental governance to vary tremendously by global position. Our results support the idea that the impact of environmental governance on CO2 emissions varies across countries at different income levels in the world-system, and this is due to external constraints. Such external influence is unsurprisingly neglected in dominant interpretations of the Anthropocene. In line with previous critical research, we argue that these external constraints undermine climate change solutions because they fail to address mutually reinforcing global, political, economic, and environmental inequalities.
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de Oliveira, Jose A. Puppim, Peter Wanke, and Jorge Junio Moreira Antunes. "A Two-Stage Fuzzy Approach on the Socio-Economic Drivers of Global Energy Efficiency." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 26, no. 03 (May 30, 2018): 397–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488518500204.
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Fuzzy models have been increasingly used in decision-making in the energy sector to deal with many uncertainties such as lack of data and climate change. This paper presents a global energetic efficiency analysis based on the time series data of 91 countries from 1960 to 2010, using an integrated two-stage fuzzy approach. More precisely, Fuzzy DEA models for traditional constant and varying returns to scale assumptions are employed in a first stage to assess the relative efficiency of these countries over the course of time. In the second stage, fuzzy regressions based on different rule-based systems are used to predict the impact of a set of demographic and socio-economic variables on energy efficiency. Energetic efficiency appears to be explained by the countervailing forces of urbanization, wealth inequality, and social development. Thus, a transition to a more energetic efficient lower carbon society will depend on how we address certain socio-political factors, such as pursuing a more sustainable urbanization, reducing inequalities and taking into consideration socio-environmental aspects in trade agreements.
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Smirnov, E., and S. Lukyanov. "International Political Economy of Preferential Trade Agreements." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 5 (2022): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-5-32-40.
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The change in the concept of globalization of the world economy has led to serious structural changes in the global governance of international trade, as well as in the theory and practice of organizing preferential trade agreements (PTAs) between countries. At all stages of economic globalization, the main motive for the creation of the PTS was the expansion of access to foreign markets. The period of slowbalization of the world economy after the global crisis of 2008–2009 led to a further increase in trade protectionism. The role of traditional determinants in the creation of PTAs is decreasing, while the lobbying activity of exporters – transnational companies – is becoming more significant, which leads to an increase in the unevenness of benefits received by participants in international exchange. The focus of the international political economy of the PTA is shifting from traditional tariff and non-tariff trade barriers to the study of the conditions for cross-border investment, rules for the protection of intellectual property, environmental issues, and production standards. The multidimensionality of trade policy at the present stage dictates the need to revise the preferences prevailing in international trade. Trade policy covers not only cross-border exchange, but also international production. Modern PTAs are an alternative design to the WTO multilateral trade regulation, which will simplify traditional international exchange procedures. In addition, in the PTAs, some aspects of competition rules that are poorly spelled out in the WTO may be especially significant, since the risks of collusion of firms in this case may already cover several jurisdictions. An important role in understanding the political and economic nature of PTAs is played by their “distributional” consequences, when the gains of different countries from participation in the PTAs becomes uneven, which is a serious challenge for real economic integration between countries. To develop new approaches to organizing PTAs requires a clear understanding of the new nature and scale of economic globalization. Therefore, in the coming years, we will face the transformation of the designs of the already created PTAs, taking into account the new challenges that have emerged in international trade.
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Bilotskiy, Sergiy, Nicole Danylova, Olena Grinenko, Oleksandra Karmaza, and Daria Koucherets. "Legal and economic aspects of Ukrainian enterprises activity at the European renewable energy market." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 2 (June 2, 2017): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(2).2017.07.
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The article deals with a current trend of the global energy market, which is characterized by rising tension in relations between the performers of the energy market regulation mechanisms, and it leads to the emergence of alternative energy sources. The article is called to identify the causes of renewable energy markets nascence, to make comparative description of Ukrainian and European Renewable Energy Markets attractiveness, and to characterize the state policy change in a renewable energy market. Different interpretation of nature and classification of the field of renewable energy in foreign and Ukrainian approaches shows the problem of legal criteria of renewable energy markets regulation. It is proved the existence of double barrier penetration of the European market for renewable energy for Ukrainian companies, which includes compliance with the accepted EU Directives and compliance with the Rules of each member individually. The presence of clearly defined standards and certificates of quality for the European market allows producers to show the competitiveness of Ukrainian products in the international market and stimulate Ukrainian manufacturers. The presence of clearly formulated laws, stable and balanced political and legal environment of the EU allows Ukrainian producers of renewable energy to develop such a strategy that considers the time factor, as the primary parameter of competitiveness in international business. The market of solid biofuels in EU is under formation, its development timeframe and uncertainty of environmental risks becoming is especially important for Ukrainian producers.
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Clifford, Nicholas J. "Globalization: a Physical Geography perspective." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 33, no. 1 (February 2009): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133309105035.
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Although globalization is a term usually restricted to economics and the social sciences, there are aspects of the phenomenon that are intimately linked to the practice and purpose of the physical and environmental sciences and exemplified through Physical Geography. At a fundamental level, Physical Geography has always sought to describe and understand the multiple subsystems of the environment and their connections with human activity: it is global and globalizing at its very roots. Globalization may be seen historically in the global export of western science, including Physical Geography, that underpinned colonial resource exploitation, and which subsequently laid the foundations for the worldwide conservation movement, and for critiques of environment-development relations, such as Political Ecology. Globalization is evident today in the burgeoning productivity and increasing organization of science as well as in the growing accessibility of scientific information. It is also at work in setting contemporary scientific agendas that are focused on larger-scale issues of environment and development and environmental change, particularly in an emergent Earth System Science, and also in Sustainability Science. These global agendas are not simply shared with but also co-produced by the public, politicians and commercial interests, providing both opportunities and challenges for traditional disciplines and traditional disciplinary practices such as Physical Geography.
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Khorishko, Liliia, and Tetyana Vasyl'chuk. "MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING ESTONIA'S PERMANENT DEVELOPMENT: THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2022-8-3-205-209.
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The latest trends in global development actualize the problem of ecological modernization in order to ensure the sustainability of socio-economic and political functioning of modern states, creating additional opportunities for an appropriate response to possible threats. The issues of ecological modernization are key on the agenda of the EU, which seeks to demonstrate leadership in addressing it. Ecological modernization and the subsequent digitalization of the economic sphere are considered one of the most important components of sustainable development of the EU and each member state. These processes and mechanisms for their practical implementation are approved in the program The European Green Deal. The European Commission created the Recovery and Resilience Facility, which provides for the coordination of efforts of EU member states to ensure resilience and sustainability of development. The subject of the study is the content and characteristics of sustainable development in Estonia. The purpose of the scientific exploration is to identify environmental aspects and to specify mechanisms for sustainable development in Estonia. Research methodology: systematic approach, methods of analysis and generalization. Estonia has developed a long-term strategy "Estonia 2035", which defines the basic principles of sustainability and sustainable development of the state. The tools for implementing the set sustainable development goals are legislative, managerial, educational and awareness-raising. In this strategy, the priorities of sustainable development of the state are innovation and sustainability of the economy, its competitiveness in world markets, energy efficiency, digitalization of management processes, safe environment for citizens, stimulating their activity in different spheres of society. Environmental issues are a key aspect of the "Estonia 2035" strategy, which meets such sustainable development goals as rational consumption, sustainable cities and communities, combating climate change, and preserving the ecosystem. A recovery and sustainability plan, correlated with the "Estonia 2035" strategy, was presented to enhance the ability to implement the basic principles of sustainable development and obtain additional sources of funding. Estonian officials are actively engaging financial and political mechanisms to implement sustainable development. According to the plan approved by the European Commission, Estonia will receive 969.3 million euros in funding from the Recovery and Resilience Facility. They will be distributed along the following lines: ecological modernization, digitalization, economic and social sustainability. In addition, political mechanisms, in particular public diplomacy, are actively used. They are aimed at positioning environmental initiatives according to the state branding strategy and intensifying cooperation with stakeholders in the implementation of international environmental projects. Research results: sustainability and resilience of Estonia's development correlate with the need to implement environmental modernization of the economy and digitalization of management processes; implementation of the "Estonia 2035" strategy, national recovery and sustainability plan is facilitated by economic and political decision-making mechanisms at the supranational and national levels of government.
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Santarius, Tilman, Johanna Pohl, and Steffen Lange. "Digitalization and the Decoupling Debate: Can ICT Help to Reduce Environmental Impacts While the Economy Keeps Growing?" Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 7496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187496.
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Digitalization can increase resource and energy productivities. However, the production and usage of information and communication technologies (ICTs) require materials and energy, and the application of ICTs fosters economic growth. This paper examines whether digitalization helps or hinders an absolute decoupling of environmental throughput from economic growth. The paper combines the literature on “green IT” and “ICT for green” with studies on decoupling, i.e., the relationship between economic growth, technological change, and environmental throughput. The paper identifies several strains of the decoupling debate and connects them to the environmental implications of digitalization. We focus on the relation between digitalization and (1) the question of finite non-renewable energies, (2) the environmental Kuznets curve, (3) the role of energy consumption for economic growth, (4) efficiency improvements vis-à-vis rebound effects, and (5) the role of general purpose technologies for resource and energy demand. We find that the empirical basis regarding digitalization’s relation to these four aspects is still weak and hence, further research is needed. Comparing the mitigating and the aggravating impacts of digitalization, we conclude that a more active political and societal shaping of the process of digitalization is needed to make ICT work for global environmental sustainability.
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Blair, Garry. "echnology and the Environment – A Framework for a Symbiotic Relationship." Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology 8, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.202102.
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Technology pervades every aspect of modern life and the recent pandemic has increased our reliance on and usage of technology to overcome the constraints of movement that have necessarily been imposed on populations. This has allowed society to proceed with business and social activity via the virtual world. Most of the major advances of society have been driven by technology to form new paradigms. However, these have brought their own problems, with the creation of pollution, waste, depletion of natural resources, exploitation of the workforce, and destruction of the natural world. This paper aims to consider the requisite changes to use technology to sustain our environment, highlighting the attempts to reverse the destructive trends driven by technological advancement. The required contingency framework for technology is discussed, in respect of its central aspects. The principal theme is that technology, in terms of the creation of tools for human usage, is neutral, however, the focus of society towards investing in technologies and the manner in which technologies are used is not neutral. The potential for political, social, and economic agenda exists, underpinning decisions in these spheres, so human interest drives this technological change. This article outlines the key themes leading to the development of a symbiotic approach to the relationship between technology and environment. The requisite change drivers for technology projects are considered, such as the ‘triple bottom line’ approach that encompasses society and the environment together with profit as factors in decision-making and the use of global virtual teams, to run and maintain such projects and their resultant products and services.The article uses a review of a range of literature to consider these central themes to enable and encourage technological change that sustains the environment, in respect of the natural and social worlds. A framework is proposed in order to provide an initial consideration of the topic and as a vehicle for future research into this area.
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Hack-Polay, Dieu, John Opute, and Mahfuzur Rahman. "Resisting global universalistic practices: the endurance of culture and particularism in African HRM." Journal of Work-Applied Management 12, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwam-11-2019-0032.
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PurposeThis article empirically assesses the extent to which factors rooted in the cultural and institutional framework in sub-Saharan African organisational contexts challenge and resist the penetration of global practices and how these dynamics impact on human resource management (HRM). This article examines whether universalistic perspectives are significant for African HRM. The article discusses the tensions between the contributions derived from local and historical factors and that of other environmental agents to African HRM practice.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a survey among 100 practising African HRM executives representing significant organisations in sub-Saharan Africa.FindingsThe main findings established that in spite of westernisation and globalising trends in learning and development in Africa, human resource practices are still profoundly embedded in the African cultural fabric. Significant elements of cultures in sub-Saharan Africa pervade organisational processes; such aspects include collectivism and paternalism, which persistently resist change. The article, however, concludes that the resisting parts of sub-Saharan African cultures which are viewed as counterproductive can have positive resonance if constructively deployed.Originality/valueThis article contributes to African HRM literature, a significantly under-researched field. The paper provides an opportunity for African HR managers to be more pragmatic in identifying the contextual issues and aspects of African culture that could be value-adding in a fast-changing managerial field. The findings demonstrate that human resource strategies and policies have specific cultural orientations and reflect the societal predispositions of a particular collectivity; this epitomizes the intertwining of cultural paradigms, political spheres and organisational life in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Borzova, Alla Yu, Arkadiy A. Eremin, Natalia V. Ivkina, and Oleg K. Petrovich-Belkin. "Russia - Latin America Economic Cooperation: Insights from EU - CELAC Sustainable Development Concept." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 21, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 785–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-4-785-802.
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The article considers cooperation patterns between the European Union (EU) and CELAC (Community of Latin America and the Caribbean) in the context of creatively applying this experience to a broader topic of Russia - Latin America multilevel cooperation. The concept of sustainable development, which implies interaction in accordance with its three main dimensions: environmental, social and economic, is adopted on the global level. The interaction between EU and CELAC contributes to the progress in achieving the goals of sustainable development, where a lot of attention is paid to the green economy, alternative energy, and social aspects, since the environmental aspects constraints are providing the most significant impetus to structural changes in the existing development paradigm. This in return is expected to create a model that ensures economic growth based on a green economy, alternative energy, with greater equality and social inclusiveness. At supranational level in the European Union an effective and systemic policy has been formed in the field of nature conservation and combating climate change, which without a doubt can be considered one of the most progressive ones in the world, which creates potential for sharing these experiences with less developed and fortunate nations. European programs for Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries have become an important factor in the development of interregional cooperation in environmental protection, biodiversity conservation, and countering natural disasters. The article also focuses on the most recent changes that have occurred in the sphere of interaction between CELAC and EU in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Massive structural and conceptual changes that have seriously reshaped the priorities and funding of joint programmers between two organizations reflects new priorities for sustainable development in general when it comes to new world realities in post-pandemic world, and could be useful for Russian model for the relations with this region.
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Chattu, Vijay Kumar. ""Digital global health diplomacy" for climate change and human security in the Anthropocene." Health Promotion Perspectives 12, no. 3 (December 10, 2022): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2022.35.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has now affected everyone, threatening every aspect of our well-being with over 617597680 confirmed cases, including 6532705 deaths globally. The context of the Anthropocene is the backdrop for the novel, interlinked, systemic, and global threats. Anthropocene is a term proposed to designate the era in which human beings have become predominant drivers of planetary change, drastically altering the planet’s biosphere. The concept of global health diplomacy (GHD), which connects the domains of health and international relations, has a critical role in advancing human security. Thus, there is a need for new forms of diplomacy, which is critically important in this complex intermestic and interdependent Anthropocene era, where globalization has inevitably linked nations and population health. This paper introduces, analyzes, and attempts to define "Digital Global Health Diplomacy" (DGHD), which has gained great momentum during this COVID-19 pandemic with concurrent health and human security threats. The application of digital formats to the existing traditional structures for dialogue has become a more popular tool recently. Furthermore, digital means are being used during the COVID-19 pandemic to share the health diplomacy discourse at subnational, supranational, international, regional, and global platforms. DGHD reminds us again of the criticality of this multidisciplinary concept involving the contributions of diplomats, global health specialists, digital technology experts, economists, trade specialists, international law, political scientists, etc., in the global policymaking process. If used effectively by trained global health diplomats through innovative digital platforms, DGHD has a great scope of delivering results faster and has more reach than the traditional approach.
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Pacho, Titus Ogalo. "Impact of Globalisation on African and Its Implications to Education." Social Science, Humanities and Sustainability Research 1, no. 1 (May 13, 2020): p81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sshsr.v1n1p81.
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Globalisation is one of the most powerful worldwide forces transforming society. It dominates today’s world as a major driver of change. Globalisation has brought about an agglomeration of cultures, where diverse cultures not only interact but also sometimes clash. It permeates through all spheres of life including the environment, politics, economy, prosperity, culture, religion, education, and human well-being in societies across the globe. The present “villagization” of the world has greatly affected many African countries in almost all aspects of life. It has done so in both positive and negative ways. With the emergence of a global society, social, cultural, economic, political, technological and environmental events in one part of the world quickly come to be significant for people in other parts of the world. This theoretical paper assesses the impact of globalisation for Africa and its implications to education.
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Cochard, Roland, Bien Thanh Vu, and Dung Tri Ngo. "Acacia Plantation Development and the Configuration of Tree Farmers’ Agricultural Assets and Land Management—A Survey in Central Vietnam." Land 10, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10121304.
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Since 1990 acacia-based tree plantations have fast expanded in Vietnam, now supporting a multi-billion-dollar export-oriented wood industry which is transforming from woodchip production to value-added products. Within this dynamic context, tree farmer associations have started to produce sawlogs under FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) certification. In this paper, we retrace the development of plantation assets, investigating farmers’ current livelihoods and land management, specifically considering various aspects of sustainability. We interviewed 180 tree farmers in three districts (lowland–upland regions) of Thừa Thiên Huế Province, including sawlog producers with and without FSC and smallholder producers of woodchips. Acacia planting in ‘barren lands’ was initiated through state programs in the 1990s (low-/midlands) and 2010s (uplands). Farmers now producing FSC sawlogs were among the first to gain forestland tenure; they now own large plantations (on good terrain), are in tune with policies and maintain resources/capacities to adopt management in line with FSC standards. Yet, most farmers also retain plots for easy-to-manage and low-risk woodchip production. Soil/vegetation conservation depends on farmers’ status/capacities and environmental awareness; FSC membership added economic-political benefits. Findings are discussed within a regional historic context. Plantations contribute to economic development, but issues persist/emerged in terms of land equity and environmental governance, risks (e.g., plant pathogens), and spaces/impetus for farm-based innovation and adaptiveness.
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Awuah, Kwasi Gyau Baffour, and Raymond T. Abdulai. "Urban Land and Development Management in a Challenged Developing World: An Overview of New Reflections." Land 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11010129.
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The urban development and management challenges of the developing world are well documented in the literature. However, the global built environment landscape is undergoing rapid changes. These changes are steeped in three fundamental imperatives, which have serious implications for the developing world. These imperatives are population growth and rising urbanisation; environmental challenges, particularly climate change and the quest to embrace sustainability as a panacea; and advances in technological development. This paper discusses these three imperatives with the view to teasing out their implications for urban development and management in the developing world. Consistent with the literature, the paper establishes that most of the population growth and rising urbanisation are occurring in the developing world, particularly Africa and Asia, and although these phenomena have the tendency to increase economic density and promote both private and public investment in urban development, especially construction/housing and related infrastructure activities, there are and will be several problems with them. These include land tenure insecurity, lack of access to decent affordable housing and the threat of destruction to heritage sites. Furthermore, environmental challenges such as poor waste management, and climate change are and will remain pressing issues requiring the adoption of sustainability credentials because of legislative requirements, moral suasion, and value addition. Despite the potential disruptive nature of technology with respect to some aspects of the built environment, it is recognised that advances in technology are essential to the achievement of optimal urban development and management outcomes in the developing world. The paper, therefore, recommends better understanding of the socio-economic, cultural, and political forces underlying urban growth in the developing world, factoring in technology and sustainability in urban development and management, and collaboration among relevant actors, particularly government and the private sector, for optimal outcomes.
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Wretling, Vincent, and Berit Balfors. "Are Local Authorities Building Their Capacity to Plan for Reduced Climate Impact? A Longitudinal Analysis of Swedish Comprehensive Plans." Land 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060652.
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Spatial planning conducted by the local authorities has been identified as a key part of shaping carbon-neutral societies. Nevertheless, the question of whether local authorities are building their institutional capacity for integrating climate change mitigation aspects into spatial planning remains under-researched. This paper aims to fill this gap while also analysing the role of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in facilitating organisational learning. The methods employed were a longitudinal document analysis of Comprehensive Plans belonging to eight municipalities in Stockholm County, complemented by a focus group interview. A significant difference was identified, as the recently adopted Comprehensive Plans included more strategies for climate change mitigation and, to a greater extent, linked these strategies to reduced climate impact or energy efficiency than previously adopted Comprehensive Plans. However, numerous additional strategies could have been given further consideration in each studied Comprehensive Plan. Thus, this calls for more continuous and cyclical comprehensive planning processes to facilitate capacity building, primarily by being a vehicle for mobilising political support. Lastly, the findings indicate that SEA can lead to organisational learning of both single-loop and double-loop nature, where the latter can enable SEA to shape the planning process in a more profound and sustainability-oriented manner.
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KOVALEV, YURI. "GENDER AND SUSTAINABILITY: EVOLUTION OF DISCOURSE AND FEMINIST CRITIQUE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." History and modern perspectives 2, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2020-2-4-32-42.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the stages of evolution of the UN social, environmental and gender policies and the peculiarities of their convergence into an integral concept of sustainable development, to assess the influence of feminist organizations on the direction and content of the concept of sustainable development, as well as criticism of «sustainability» and alternative development models proposed by feminist organizations and social movements, including the «Fridays for the Future» movement. The UN is the main international structure for shaping global social, environmental and gender policy. Over 75 years of the organization's activity, hundreds of documents have been adopted, dozens of conferences have been held in the field of eliminating social, gender and environmental inequalities. In 1992, the UN member states approved the «Agenda for the 21st century», in which social, gender and environmental aspects of development were combined into a holistic concept of sustainable development. Since that time, these political fields are considered in integrity and interconnection. International women's organizations have played a decisive role in integrating gender issues into the concept of sustainable development. Thanks to their activities, the legal aspects of enhancing gender equality are enshrined in the key UN documents on sustainable development - «Agenda 21» (1992), «Millennium Goals» (2000), «Implementation Plan» (2002), «The future we are want «(2012),» Sustainable Development Goals 2030 «(2015). At the same time, there are processes of the formation of an alternative gender discourse and feminist criticism of the official concept of sustainable development. International feminist movements and organizations have played a huge role in this. Currently, there are several feminist approaches to the study of the relationship between women and the environment: ecological-feminist, economic-ecological and post-structuralist. The most important area of activity for feminist organizations is the fight against global climate change. With the onset of the fourth wave of feminism in environmental protection, new trends and vivid leadership figures have emerged, and there has been a direct increase in women's presence in global climate policy. The most striking example of this trend is the climate movement «Fridays for the Future» (PRB), created by eco-activist G. Thunberg.
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Leonard, Mark, Jean Pisani-Ferry, Jeremy Shapiro, Simone Tagliapietra, and Guntram Wolf. "The geopolitics of the European Green Deal." International Organisations Research Journal 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 204–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2021-02-10.
Full textAbstract:
The European Green Deal is a plan to decarbonise the EU economy by 2050, revolutionise the EU’s energy system, profoundly transform the economy and inspire efforts to combat climate change. But the plan will also have profound geopolitical repercussions. The Green Deal will affect geopolitics through its impact on the EU energy balance and global markets; on oil and gas-producing countries in the EU neighbourhood; on European energy security; and on global trade patterns, notably via the carbon border adjustment mechanism. At least some of these changes are likely to impact partner countries adversely. The EU needs to wake up to the consequences abroad of its domestic decisions. It should prepare to help manage the geopolitical aspects of the European Green Deal. Relationships with important neighbourhood countries such as Russia and Algeria, and with global players including the United States, China and Saudi Arabia, are central to this effort, which can be structured around seven actions: 1) Help neighbouring oil and gas-exporting countries manage the repercussions of the European Green Deal. The EU should engage with these countries to foster their economic diversification, including into renewable energy and green hydrogen that could in the future be exported to Europe; 2) Improve the security of critical raw materials supply and limit dependence, first and foremost on China. Essential measures include greater supply diversification, increased recycling volumes and substitution of critical materials; 3) Work with the US and other partners to establish a ‘climate club’ whose members will apply similar carbon border adjustment measures. All countries, including China, would be welcome to join if they commit to abide by the club's objectives and rules; 4) Become a global standard-setter for the energy transition, particularly in hydrogen and green bonds. Requiring compliance with strict environmental regulations as a condition to access the EU market will be strong encouragement to go green for all countries; 5) Internationalise the European Green Deal by mobilising the EU budget, the EU Recovery and Resilience Fund, and EU development policy; 6) Promote global coalitions for climate change mitigation, for example through a global coalition for the permafrost, which would fund measures to contain the permafrost thaw; 7) Promote a global platform on the new economics of climate action to share lessons learned and best practices.
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Leszczuk, Sylwia. "The Definition and the Issue of Climate Refugees in the Light of International Law." Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations 5, no. 1 (2021): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/eejtr.2021.05.01.02.
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As the problem of global warming and subsequent climate change becomes more and more pronounced, causing a lot of difficulties for the communities all over the world, and for the whole humankind as well, the need to focus on some of the aspects of such state off affairs arises among researchers and in the political discourse. Some of the problems that sprung out of the changes in our environment create the need for a new legal solutions, or the need to at least redefine the ones that are already set in place. One of such problems is the phenomenon of „climate refugees”. Droughts, food insecurity, degradation of drinking water, rising sea levels, storm surges and infectious diseases, all of which could be linked (directly or indirectly) to the changes brought about by the global warming and all of those can be reasons that could force people out of their habitual homes in search of better living conditions, and even due to the need to save their health and life. Having that in mind, this article raises the issue of so called climate refugees, people displaced due to the negative changes taking place in the environment, which, based on scientific reports, may be related to the negative impact of a human activity, both of sudden and long-term occurrence. The text presents proposals for defining the discussed phenomenon and addresses the issue of the lack of an appropriate legal framework regulating the discussed topic in the UN and on the EU level.
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Kurz, Dariusz, and Agata Nowak. "Analysis of the Impact of the Level of Self-Consumption of Electricity from a Prosumer Photovoltaic Installation on Its Profitability under Different Energy Billing Scenarios in Poland." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020946.
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Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have been gaining popularity on a continuous basis and the current global political situation is only accelerating energy transformation in many countries. Objectives related to environmental protection and use of RES set by different countries all over the world as well as the European Union (EU) are becoming priorities. In Poland, after years of a boom in photovoltaic (PV) installations, the Renewable Energy Sources Act has been amended, resulting in a change to the billing system for electricity produced by individual prosumers. The change in the billing method, also in pursuance to the provisions of EU laws, has contributed to the inhibition of the PV installation market for fear of energy prices and investment payback time. In this paper, by using the Net Present Value (NPV) method, three mechanisms of billing of electricity from prosumer micro-installations—based on the net-metering principle and net-billing principle (using monthly and hourly prices)—have been analysed. Particular attention has also been paid to the aspects of electricity self-consumption and energy storages, which play a significant role in the economy of PV installations in the net-billing system.
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Hearn, Jeff. "So What Has Been, Is, and Might Be Going on in Studying Men and Masculinities?: Some Continuities and Discontinuities." Men and Masculinities 22, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x18805550.
Full textAbstract:
Following introductory remarks on how the terms “masculinities” and “men” have been used differentially in recent critical studies on men and masculinities (CSMM), the article reviews some key aspects of CSMM - past, present and future. The diverse influences on CSMM have included various feminisms, gay studies, anti-imperialism, civil rights, anti-racism, green and environmental movements, as well as LGBTIQ+ movements, Critical Race Studies, Globalization/Transnational Studies, and Intersectionality Studies. In the present period, the range of theoretical and political approaches and influences on studies continues to grow, with, for example, queer, post-, post post-, new materialist, posthumanist, and science and technology studies, making for some discontinuities with established masculinities theory. In many regions, there are now more women working explicitly and long-term in the area, even if that is itself not new. CSMM have also become more geographically widespread, more dispersed, more comparative, international, transnational, postcolonial, decolonializing, globally “Southern”, global, globalized and globalizing; this diversifying feature is transforming CSMM. Key areas for future research are identified, including the relations of men and masculinities to: first, ecology, environment and climate change; second, ICTs, social media, AI, robotics and big data; third, transnational/global, transnational institutions and processes; and, fourth, nationalism, racism, authoritarianism, neo-fascism and political masculinism. Together, these make for a “lurking doom”. At the same time, there is a whole range of wider theoretical, methodological, epistemological and ontological questions to be taken up in CSMM much more fully in the future.