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Kusch, Julia. "The global economic system." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13079.
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Ільяшенко, Анастасія, and Anastasiia Ilyashenko. "Global challenges in the system of international economic relations." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43560.
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Abstracts are devoted to the study of global challenges of the 21st century. Now, the question arises of international cooperation and interaction in times of crisis that affect the economic capacity of individual countries, regions and the whole world. It would seem that under the influence of globalization processes all the countries of the world should establish channels of cooperation and become competitive. But since 2020, there has been an increasing need for new solutions to global problems and for new approaches to deal with critical situations.
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Грушенко, Вікторія, and Viktoriia Hrushenko. "Global problems of the world economy." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43563.
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The global economic system is rapidly evolving according to major trends: globalization, regionalization, integration, disproportionate processes and international labor migration. The development of the world economic system is ongoing the impact of global problems, the emergence of which are the consequences of globalization world economy.
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Pavelka, F. "The Present State and Development Prospects of the Banking System in the Context of Countries Economic Development Under the Global Financial Crises." Thesis, Ukrainian Academy of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61957.
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Vavilichev, M. D. "Perspectives on global competitiveness in terms of modern challenges." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81375.
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У роботі досліджено значимість конкурентоспроможності національної економіки в умовах сучасних торгівельних відносин між країнами. Проведено кількісний та якісний аналіз внутрішніх та зовнішніх факторів, які впливають на позиції у світовій економіці та визначають подальший економічний розвиток. Основною метою цього дослідження є розробка рекомендації щодо підвищення конкурентопроможності в умовах сучасних викликів та загроз.The master’s theses focused on significance of the competitiveness of the national economy in the conditions of modern trade relations between the countries is. Exerted quantitative and qualitative analysis of internal and external factors that affect the position in the world economy and determine further economic development. The main purpose of this study is to develop a recommendation to increase country’s competitiveness in modern challenges and threats.
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Slusser, Suzanne R. "Gender Empowerment and Gender Inequality, the Global Economy and the State: Exploring the Relationship Between Economic Dependency, the Political Order, and Women’s Status." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1240510508.
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Sriyanyong, Pichet. "Particle swarm optimisation with applications in power system generation." Thesis, Brunel University, 2007. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4858.
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Today the modern power system is more dynamic and its operation is a subject to a number of constraints that are reflected in various management and planning tools used by system operators. In the case of hourly generation planning, Economic Dispatch (ED) allocates the outputs of all committed generating units, which are previously identified by the solution of the Unit Commitment (UC) problem. Thus, the accurate solutions of the ED and UC problems are essential in order to operate the power system in an economic and efficient manner. A number of computation techniques have progressively been proposed to solve these critical issues. One of them is a Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), which belongs to the evolutionary computation techniques, and it has attracted a great attention of the research community since it has been found to be extremely effective in solving a wide range of engineering problems. The attractive characteristics of PSO include: ease of implementation, fast convergence compared with the traditional evolutionary computation techniques and stable convergence characteristic. Although the PSO algorithms can converge very quickly towards the optimal solutions for many optimisation problems, it has been observed that in problems with a large number of suboptimal areas (i.e. multi-modal problems), PSO could get trapped in those local minima, including ED and UC problems. Aiming at enhancing the diversity of the traditional PSO algorithms, this thesis proposes a method of combining the PSO algorithms with a real-valued natural mutation (RVM) operator to enhance the global search capability and investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm compared with the standard PSO algorithms and other algorithms. Prior to applying to ED and UC problems, the proposed method is tested with some selected mathematical functions where the results show that it can avoid being trapped in local minima. The proposed methodology is then applied to ED and UC problems, and the obtained results show that it can provide solutions with good accuracy and stable convergence characteristic with simple implementation and satisfactory calculation time. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of PSO parameters has been studied so as to investigate the response of the proposed method to the parameter variations, especially in both ED and UC problems. The outcome of this research shows that the proposed method succeeds in dealing with the PSO' s drawbacks and also shows the superiority over the traditional PSO algorithms and other methods in terms of high quality solutions, stable convergence characteristic, and robustness.
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Weng, Yu-Chi. "Estimation and Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management System by Using Economic-Environmental Models in Taiwan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/77988.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第14561号
工博第3029号
新制||工||1451(附属図書館)
26913
UT51-2009-D273
京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻
(主査)教授 松岡 譲, 教授 酒井 伸一, 准教授 倉田 学児
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Pugh, Michael C. "Peacekeeping and Critical Theory." Routledge, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4033.
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noA deconstruction of the role of peace support operations suggests that they sustain a particular order of world politics that privileges the rich and powerful states in their efforts to control or isolate unruly parts of the world. As a management device it has grown in significance as the strategic imperatives of the post-industrialized, capitalist world have neutered the universal pretensions of the United Nations. Drawing on the work of Robert Cox and Mark Duffield, this essay adopts a critical theory perspective to argue that peace support operations serve a narrow, problem-solving purpose - to doctor the dysfunctions of the global political economy within a framework of liberal imperialism. Two dynamics in world politics might be exploited to mobilize a counter-hegemonic transformation in global governance. First, a radical change in the global trade system and its problematic institutions will create opportunities to emancipate the weak from economic hegemony. Second, future network wars are likely to require increasingly subtle and flexible teams, similar to disaster relief experts, to supply preventive action, economic aid and civilian protection. This might only be achieved by releasing peace support operations from the state-centric control system, and making them answerable to more transparent, more democratic and accountable multinational institutions.
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Chevais, Sébastien. "Analyse et evolution du systeme bancaire chinois face à la crise : sa stratégie dans un dispositif global de conquête economique et politique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH013.
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La Chine a fait le pari de s’ouvrir au monde, à cette mondialisation, dans laquelle règne une grande disharmonie. Aujourd’hui, la mise en œuvre du socialisme, aux couleurs chinoises, s’inscrit dans un processus beaucoup plus global, fondé sur la promotion de la culture chinoise. Deng Xiaoping, le premier, avait, en 1979, libéré l’initiative de chaque citoyen Chinois, avec sa fameuse expression « Enrichissez-vous ! ». Le rêve pour tous les chinois de pouvoir entrevoir une réussite sociale et matérielle devenait donc palpable. Le lancement par la Chine d’un programme d’envergure dans la recherche et le développement technologique, assure à ses industries un socle qui reste aujourd’hui une priorité stratégique de l’Etat - Parti, libère les énergies et crée les conditions de son ouverture au reste du monde. Le « rêve chinois », expression lancée par le nouveau président Xi Jinping, en 2013, lors de son accession au pouvoir suprême, sonne comme un rappel utopique à l’imaginaire de tout son peuple et revêt une portée symbolique face à une Amérique, fondamentalement attachée à son célèbre « rêve américain ». Notre étude porte sur le rôle du système bancaire chinois et sur son évolution. Son particularisme nous permettra de comprendre dans quelle mesure il constitue un moyen pour la Chine de mettre en œuvre son propre développement économique et financier. Mon travail s’est appuyé sur les nombreux ouvrages et articles cités dans la bibliographie. Cette recherche a été enrichie par les différentes conférences auxquelles j’ai pu assister et par la réalisation d’interviews auprès de banquiers, d’économistes, d’universitaires et d’acteurs reconnus du monde industriel. Dans un premier temps, nous dresserons un indispensable rappel historique pour mieux comprendre les choix politiques d’une Chine qui va finir par défendre avec fermeté ses intérêts, à la fois sur la scène régionale et internationale. Nous focaliserons par la suite notre attention sur la construction et le processus de décision de son système bancaire, au service de sa croissance, et, enfin, nous élargirons notre propos et tenterons de démontrer de quelle manière les fonds d’Etats répondent à la mission qui leur est donnée : financer les ambitions économiques de la Chine et conforter son rôle central dans l’économie mondiale. En trois décennies à peine, la Chine, reléguée auparavant dans un statut de nation sous-développée, s’est élevée au rang de première puissance industrielle et commerciale. Elle est, aujourd’hui, la seconde économie du monde. Nulle part, dans l’histoire, une nation, dans un temps aussi court, n’aura été en mesure de remettre en cause les équilibres internationaux, bouleversant l’actuel paradigme de la hiérarchie des grandes puissances. Dans cette perspective, la question des vrais objectifs de la Chine semble être pertinente et ceci à chaque étape de ses réformes. Une telle puissance financière interpelle et inquiète, lorsque, en quelques années, elle a enregistré une forte inflation de ses investissements à l’étranger. En effet, les banques d’Etat chinoises jouent un rôle pivot dans la gouvernance financière des entreprises d’Etat, plus globalement dans le seul but du développement durable de l’économie chinoise pour édifier son propre système de conquête économique. La Chine souhaite-t-elle vraiment atteindre les standards du système de régulation international ? La Chine est-elle en train par ses choix déterminants, de tracer sa propre voie ? Tout l’effort de cet Etat vise à reconstruire la puissance économique et financière, sans laquelle ne peut se matérialiser efficacement son influence politique et lui offrir son prestige du passéChina has made the bet to open up to the world, to this globalization, in which there is a great disharmony. Today, the implementation of socialism, with Chinese colors, is part of a much more global process, based on the promotion of Chinese culture. Deng Xiaoping, the first, in 1979, released the initiative of every Chinese citizen, with his famous expression " Enrich yourself ! ". The dream for all Chinese to be able to glimpse a social and material success became palpable.The launch by China of a major program in research and technological development, ensures its industries a base that remains today a strategic priority of the State Party, releases the energies and creates the conditions of its opening to the rest of the world. The "Chinese Dream", an expression launched by the new President Xi Jinping in 2013, when he ascended to supreme power, sounds like an utopian reminder to the imagination of all his people and has a symbolic significance in front of an America, fundamentally attached to his famous "American Dream". Our study focuses on the role of the Chinese banking system and its evolution. Its particularity will allow us to understand in what extent it constitutes a means for China to implement its own economic and financial development. My work was based on the many books and articles cited in the bibliography. This research was enriched by the various conferences I attended and by conducting interviews with bankers, economists, academics and recognized industry players. At a first step, we will draw an essential historical reminder to better understand the political choices of a China that will finish to defend stongly its interests, at the same time on the regional and international level. Then, we will focalize our attention upon the construction and the process of its banking system, for its growth. Endly,we will expand our discusion and try to demonstrate how the state funds respond to the mission. given to them: to finance China's economic ambitions and consolidate its central role in the global economy. In three decades, China, previously relegated to underdeveloped nation status, has risen to the rank of the first industrial and commercial power. It is today the second largest economy in the world. Nowhere in history has a nation, in such a short time, been able to question international balance, to change completly the current paradigm of the hierarchy of the great powers. In this perspective, the question of the true objectives of China seems to be relevant and this at each stage of its reforms. Such a financial power questions and worries when, in a few years, it has recorded a high inflation of its investments abroad. Indeed, Chinese state-owned banks play a principal role in the financial governance of state-owned enterprises, more generally for the only purpose of the sustainable development of the Chinese economy to build its own system of economic conquest. Does China really want to reach the standards of the international regulatory system ? Is China in the process of determining its own path through its decisive choices ? The whole effort of this state aims to rebuild the economic and financial power, without which its political influence can not be effectively realized and offer it its prestige of the past
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Ревякін, Г. В. "Закономірності циклічного розвитку глобальної економічної системи (автореферат)." Thesis, ХНУ імені В. Н. Каразіна, 2018. http://dspace.univer.kharkov.ua/handle/123456789/14175.
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Дисертація присвячена поглибленню теоретико-методичних засад дослідження особливостей циклічного розвитку глобальної економічної системи та стабілізації економічного розвитку України. Досліджено наукове підґрунтя та охарактеризовано закономірності існування економічних циклів. Удосконалено поняття економічного циклу, який запропоновано розуміти як особливий тип періодичних коливань економічної активності навколо довгострокового тренду, що були викликані особливостями функціонування власне економічної системи та низкою зовнішніх чинників, які виявляються у волатильній природі більшості макроекономічних показників. Розроблено й обґрунтовано товарно-орієнтований підхід до природи економічних циклів, що базується на життєвому циклі товарів, які обертаються на ринку. У межах цього підходу стадії життєвого циклу товару ототожнюються з фазами економічного циклу. Таким чином, нині відомі економічні цикли з різним періодом відповідають життєвому циклу товарів з аналогічним періодом їх обертання на ринку. Розроблено модель динаміки економічної системи, що складається з моделі економічного зростання Р. Солоу та циклічної складової, яка об’єднує економічні цикли різної періодичності. На базі моделі запропоновано алгоритм прогнозування економічної динаміки з урахуванням економічних циклів, методологічною основою якого є метод «сірого ящика», згідно з яким економічний тренд виступає як визначена (невідома) складова, а економічні цикли є предметом вивчення моделі. Практичне застосування алгоритму прогнозування побудовано на використанні фільтра Ходріка-Прескотта як методу детрендизації й швидкого перетворення Фур’є як методу спектрального аналізу циклічної складової. За допомогою запропонованої моделі циклічної динаміки економічних систем проаналізовано динаміку світового ВВП у період 1960-2016 рр., а також складено прогноз до 2021 р. Доведено, що динаміка розвитку світової економіки протягом періоду дослідження мала циклічний характер із явно вираженим 16річним циклом. Циклічність економічної активності простежується в таких макроекономічних показниках, як темпи зростання ВВП, темпи інфляції, рівень безробіття, а також рівень іноземних прямих інвестицій. Завдяки запропонованій моделі циклічної динаміки економічних систем виявлено 8-річні цикли в динаміці прямих іноземних інвестицій та динаміці угод зі злиття й поглинання, які активізуються в точках екстремуму економічного циклу. За результатами дослідження виявлено закономірності протікання економічних циклів у межах глобальної економічної системи: економічні цикли в розвинених країнах мають випереджальний характер стосовно країн, що розвиваються; амплітуда економічних коливань навколо довгострокового тренду в країнах, що розвиваються, в 1,9 раз більша, ніж у розвинених країнах; високі темпи економічного зростання відповідають більшому ступеню волатильності темпів економічного розвитку; міжнародна торгівля відіграє головну роль у синхронізації економічних процесів у масштабі глобальної економічної системи; динаміка чистого експорту й поточного рахунка платіжного балансу в розвинених країнах і країнах, що розвиваються, має зворотно пропорційний характер; динаміка прямих іноземних інвестицій тісно корелює з фазами економічних циклів. Визначено головну мету економічної політики держави, якою слід вважати забезпечення динамічної стійкості, що передбачає підтримання стабільних показників економічного зростання в заданих межах. Для досягнення стабільності економічного розвитку державне регулювання економіки має базуватися на основі дії вбудованих стабілізаторів, до яких ми відносимо автоматичну зміну податкових надходжень і платежів залежно від фази економічного циклу. Розроблено економетричну модель динаміки економічного зростання України на базі моделей класу ARIMA, що розкриває сутність особливостей протікання економічних циклів у національній економіці України на сучасному етапі, а також чинники, що визначають параметри економічних циклів у національному масштабі. Визначено організаційно-економічні засади підвищення рівня міжнародної конкурентоспроможності України в контексті її адаптації до нестабільного глобального економічного простору з метою мінімізації негативних чинників циклічності розвитку глобальної економічної системи та прискорення динаміки економічного зростання. Ключові слова: глобальна економічна система, світова економіка, економічний цикл, цикл ділової активності, циклічність економічного розвитку, економічна криза, канали синхронізації економічних процесів, модель динаміки економічної системи, антициклічна економічна політика. The dissertation for a Candidate Degree in Economics. Speciality 08.00.02 – World Economy and International Economic Relations. – V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2018. The dissertation provides a deeper theoretical and methodological grounding for the studies of global economic system cyclical development and stability of Ukrainian economic development. The study examined scientific arguments and characterized the patterns of existing economic cycles. As a result of combination of the groups of theories, the definition of economic cycle was refined and put forward as a special type of periodic fluctuations in economic activity around the long-term trend, caused by internal features of the economic system and by a set of external factors that manifest themselves through volatility of most macroeconomic indicators. The dissertation proposes a new product based approach to the study of economic cycles, which considers life-cycle of goods circulating in the market. Within this approach, the product life-cycle stages are identified with the phases of economic cycle. On this ground, the well-known economic cycles of different periods correspond to the life-cycle of goods with a similar period of circulation in the market. The results of this study construct a model of economic system dynamics, which consists from R. Solow economic growth model and cyclical component that includes economic cycles with different periodicity. Based on this model, an algorithm for predicting economic performance that takes into account economic cycles was developed. This algorithm is based on the grey box method, according to which the economic trend is a predefined component, and economic cycles become the subject of the model study. Practical application of the prediction algorithm is based on the Hodrick-Prescott filter as a method of detrending and Fast Fourier Transform as a method of spectral analysis of the cyclic component. With the help of the proposed model of economic system cyclical performance, the dynamics of world GDP in the period between 1960-2016 was analysed, and a forecast was made up to 2021. It is argued then that the world economy development performance during the period viewed contains a prominent 16-year long cycle. The cyclic features of economic activity were traced in such macroeconomic indicators as GDP growth rate, inflation rate, unemployment rate, as well as the amount of foreign direct investment. On the basis of the proposed model of cyclical economic system dynamics, we can define 8-year long cycles in foreign direct investment dynamics and in mergers and acquisitions agreements, triggered at the extremes of the economic cycle. The results of the study revealed certain patterns of economic cycles that take place within the global economic system: economic cycles in developed countries are fast-paced compared to developing countries; the amplitude of economic fluctuations around the long-term trend in developing countries is 1.9 times more than in developed countries; high economic growth rates correspond to high volatility in economic development rates; international trade plays a major role in synchronization of economic processes in the global economic system; net exports and current account balance performance in developed and developing countries are indirectly proportional; foreign direct investment performance is closely related to economic cycle phases. The study also defines the main goal of government economic policy, which needs to ensure dynamic consistency that presupposes stable economic growth within the given frames. To achieve stable economic development, government regulation of the economy should be based on the built-in stabilizers, to which we include automatic change in tax revenues and payments, depending on the business cycle phase. The thesis develops an econometric model of Ukrainian economic growth dynamics based on ARIMA models, revealing the essence of economic cycles in Ukrainian national economy at its present stage, as well as the factors determining parameters of economic cycles on a national scale.
Organizational and economic foundations for increasing Ukraine’s international competitiveness with the purpose of adapting to the volatile global economic space, were determined in order to reduce the negative effect of global economic system cyclical development and accelerate the economic growth. Keywords: global economic system, world economy, economic cycle, business cycle, cyclical economic development, economic crisis, economic processes synchronization channels, model of dynamics of the economic system, anti-cyclical economic policy.
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Lopatkina, I., and V. Lopatkin. "Macroprudential regulation: the shift in the global economic." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59623.
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Macroprudential regulation is a result of a natural progression of economic theory in the direction of a more thoughtful and informed decision-making. Successful regulation, according to the new approach encourages proactive measures rather than de-facto reactive regulation. While some first steps in implementation of the new regulatory model have been made in many countries around the world the process will still be hampered by barriers of communication, political decision making and heterogeneity of financial systems.Макропруденційне регулювання є результатом природного прогресування економічної теорії в напрямку більш вдумливого прийняття обгрунтованих рішень. Успішне регулювання, відповідно до нових підходыв заохочує активні заходи, а не э реактивним регулюванням де-факто. У той час як деякі перші кроки в реалізації нової моделі регулювання були зроблені в багатьох країнах по всьому світу процесу все одно будуть заважаюти бар'єри спілкування, прийняття політичних рішень і неоднорідності фінансових систем.
Макропруденциальное регулирование является результатом естественного прогрессирования экономической теории в направлении более вдумчивого принятия обоснованных решений. Успешное регулирование, в соответствии с новым подходом поощряет активные меры, а не де-факто реактивное регулирование. В то время как некоторые первые шаги в реализации новой модели регулирования были сделаны во многих странах по всему миру процессу все равно будут мешать барьеры общения, принятия политических решений и неоднородности финансовых систем.
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Asad, Rehan A. "The power of emerging economics : a global business paradigm shift in the telecommunication industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43174.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-81).
When geographers study the world and its features, distance is one of the basic measures they use to describe the patterns they observe. Distance is, however, an elastic concept. Physical distance has played the dominant role in the world's geo-politics, global economy and international trade in last centuries. But in recent times - the impact of physical distance has been diminished and transformed by the effect and advancement of IT & Telecommunication technology. Physical distance has been transformed into virtual distance. Communication from one end of the world to other has become - "Just a click away in a computer or a few finger tips in our cell phone." The focus of this thesis is on two closely related sets of questions. - (I) "How is the state of telecommunication technology in emerging countries changing? How does this technological advancement affect the productivity and international competitiveness of these economies? (II) How does this telecommunication industry development in emerging economies shifting the overall global business paradigm of the telecommunication industry and is this shift permanent or temporary? In this thesis, I will first focus on the background of world telecommunication industry and the market segmentation based on: (I) Key Economic Indicator of Telecom industry (ARPU - Average revenue per user) and (II) Technology. I will then analyze the recent development of world telecommunication industry and conduct case studies on eight global telecom operators (Vodafone, AT&T, Telenor, SingTel, China Mobile, Orascom, America Movil, and Reliance). This analysis will focus on the present situation of global telecom industry, worldwide investment in this sector, market tier & user segments, and buying power of the emerging economies. At this point, I will introduce and examine whether the business models being developed in these emerging economies are likely to impact the global economy.
(cont.) To do so, I will apply Porter's competitive advantage of nation analysis and Lessard's Globalization RAT's (Relevant, Appropriable & Transferable) test. Finally, I will conclude my research by illustrating - the evolving global telecom user triangle model and highlight a few key issues for global telecom operators to consider for their future business growth and sustainability.
by Rehan A. Asad.
S.M.
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Pereira, Laura M. "Private sector adaptive capacity to climate change impacts in the food system : food security implications for South Africa and Brazil." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ade3811d-584e-4c5d-a734-4a22312eccf7.
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Achieving food security under climate change is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century. The challenge becomes even greater when contextualised within our current limited understanding of how the food system functions as a complex, adaptive socio-ecological system, with food security as one of its outcomes. Adding climate change into this already complex and uncertain mix creates a ‘wicked problem’ that must be solved through the development of adaptive food governance. The thesis has 4 key aims: - 1. To move beyond an understanding of food security that is dependent solely on agricultural production, and therefore the reliance of future food security predictions on production data based on climate model inputs.
- 2. To ground the theoretical aspects of complex adaptive systems with empirical data from multi-level case studies.
- 3. To investigate the potential role of the private sector in food system futures.
- 4. To analyse food system dynamics across scales and levels.
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Husák, Ondřej. "Optimalizace vytápění rodinných domů s využitím obnovitelných zdrojů energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242148.
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The thesis contains is familiar with the issues of renewable energy and global warming. Assessing the use of these resources in households in the Czech Republic. The selected family house, perform measurements on the existing heating system. In conclusion, there is suggestions for optimalization system houses, the possibility of linking the with renewable energy sources and an assessment of economic turn.
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Lundkvist, Ylva. "Reinventing Money : Monetary Experiments and Trust Creation in the Argentinean Barter Club (1980-2009)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-138068.
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This is a study of the Argentinean Complementary Currency System el Club de Trueque (CT), which during its peak in the year of 2002 provided for its 2.5 million members. Focus is put on its initial years of 1995-1996 and the monetary experiments that would lead to a means of payment that partly would substitute the Argentinean peso during the convertibility crisis. This essay explains how the CT managed to create trust in their currency. Although the CT is a well researched phenomenon, this thesis offers some new information. First of all, the monetary development within the CT was not only driven by a practical need to lower transaction costs due to fast expansion—as previously assumed—rather, a confidence crisis was from the very start crucial for its development. Another important discovery is that although the club was created during a period of strong recession and high rates of unemployment, personal economic problems did not, in fact, seem to be the motivation behind its invention; rather the motives were based on a criticism against the functions of the contemporary economic system.Esta tesis trata sobre el Club de Trueque (CT), un sistema monetario complementario, el cual creó posibilidades de mantenimiento para sus 2,5 millones de miembros durante la crisis económica de Argentina en el año 2002. El foco de este estudio es la fundación del club durante los años 1995-1996. En este período se hicieron experimentos monetarios que iban a generar un medio de pago que parcialmente reemplazó al peso argentino durante la crisis de convertibilidad. Esta tesis explica como el CT logró crear confianza en su moneda. Aunque el CT ha sido objeto de muchas investigaciones, ésta tesis ofrece información nueva. Ante todo, el desarrollo monetario en el CT no sólo tuvo su origen en la necesidad práctica de bajar los costos a causa de la rápida expansión del movimiento, sino que también, una crisis de confianza fue decisiva para el desarrollo desde el principio. Otro descubrimiento importante es que la razón por la cual el club se formó no fue exclusivamente debido a problemas económicos personales, a pesar de que se fundó durante una recesión fuerte con tasas altas de desempleo. Los motivos tenían más que ver con un criticismo ideológico al sistema económico contemporáneo.
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MEASSON, DIDIER. "Budget global et p. M. S. I. (programme de medicalisation du systeme d'information)." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M475.
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Gozman, Daniel. "A post financial crisis study of compliance practices and systems in global financial organizations : an institutionalist perspective." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3125/.
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The financial crisis of 2007–2009 and the resultant pressures exerted on policymakers to prevent future crises have precipitated coordinated regulatory responses globally. As a result, large scale regulatory change is being enacted within this industry to protect investors and economic systems. Very little research exists, either prior to the crisis or since, on how compliance practices are managed through technology within financial organizations. The research objective of this study is to understand how institutional changes to the regulatory landscape may affect corresponding locally institutionalized operational practices within financial organizations. The study adopts an Investment Management System (IMS) as its case and investigates different implementations of this system within eight financial organizations, focused on investment activities within capital markets. This study makes a contribution by outlining a detailed review of this technology and identifying post-crisis practices for organizing compliance and the social forces influencing them through technology. Through symbolic systems, relational systems, routines and artefacts the IMS diffuses new compliance practices and further embeds existing ones. The study shows that this system is not objective and is currently in flux as this dynamic and complex environment evolves in the wake of the global financial crisis. Correspondingly, social, political and functional pressures are acting to deinstitutionalise related behaviours and practices. Yet compliance behaviours and practices are simultaneously being institutionalised through coercive, normative and mimetic mechanisms. However, the study also highlights the ability of some agents to exercise limited control on the impact of regulatory institutions. The research found evidence that some older practices persisted and so the study suggests that the institutionalization of technology induced compliant behaviour is still uncertain. The research makes an additional contribution to practitioners by distilling the findings into a model of IS capabilities for compliance and a model to measure the maturity of a firm’s compliance capabilities.
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Lukash, O. "Consequences of global changes for emerging social and economic systems: ethic and environmental component of transborder cooperation." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36176.
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Research question. Examining consequences of global world changes both for national social and economic systems of countries and for emerging social and economic systems such as euroregions, countries that are partners in transborder cooperation, transnational corporations etc., and stressing the importance of ethic and environmental component is the main task of given paper. New changes that are caused by new policy of new leaders in economics and in society result in advantages and disadvantages both for modern generations and for future ones. Although economic aspect of mentioned policy and efficiency of social and economic systems activity is very important but the environmental ethic component should not be ignored. And this aim for the given research explains the actuality of project.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36176
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Baskaran, A., and M. Muchie. "Can the Relative Strength of the National Systems of Innovation Mitigate the Severity of the Global Recession on the BRICS?" Tshwane University of Technology, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001625.
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Abstract
The research question we wish to investigate is the degree to which different countries with differing levels of NSI strength and weakness cope in mitigating some of the adverse impacts of the recession. In general during the recession confidence declines or what Keynes calls the „animal spirit‟. Creative destruction is heightened as firms destroyed need to find other ways of recreating their economic activities. Exports and imports change. Investment from abroad declines and consumers afraid of the recession save or even hoard. Such a state is likely to impact those who are absorbing FDI and exporting to the heartland of the current recession which is the US market. China and India both export mainly hardware and software related goods and services respectively to this market where reduction in demand has resulted in company closures and unemployment. Even free trade has been challenged with protectionist and nationalist rhetoric on the rise during this recession. Given a recession that has affected the entire world economy and its constituent parts, both the way the recession impacts on different national economies and the ability of national economies to mitigate the recession are likely to be different. This paper concentrates on the latter not on the former per se. We examine what mitigating capability different national innovation systems have in relation to dealing with and responding to the current world financial and economic crises. The hypothesis we would like to test with descriptive comparative data is how far the relative strength or weakness of the NSI is capable of mitigating the adverse impact of the recession. We assume that that the nature and degree of impact of the recession across countries are likely to be different. In this paper we would like to take only the NSI factor in trying to account how such differences due to the individual characteristics of NSIs across different countries mitigate recessionary impact on given economies. For this, we propose to examine selected sectors from selected emerging economies such as China, India, Brazil and South Africa (BRICS excluding Russia) to estimate mitigating capabilities of different NSIs.
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Cardullo, Mario W. "Development of Information and Knowledge Architectures and an Associated Framework and Methodology for System Management of a Global Reserve Currency." Thesis, George Mason University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3562270.
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The global financial system appears to be heading for a major financial crisis. This crisis is being driven by a growing global debt. This crisis is not limited to nations that are heavily in debt such as Greece, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Italy or Cyprus but to such others as the United States. While there has been a great deal of emphasis on debt, there are many other issues. In many cases, the underlying causes of this potential crisis are very complex. As this dissertation will show, it is the complexity of these causes and their interrelationships, coupled with a lack of a global financial management system that may be the real culprit in the potentially impending global financial crisis.
One very important aspect of these potential crises is the state of the world reserve currency and how it is managed. The concept of reserve currencies is widely recognized and these currencies are often used for international transactions. There is a very long history of the concept of a reserve currency. This history involves a combination of economic and political powers, real or perceived, that may influence global reserve currencies.
Recent years have witnessed a tremendous growth in information and communication systems that facilitate the design and implementation of complex inter-enterprise processes. The basic hypothesis of this dissertation is that an appropriately structured global reserve currency, based on use of an information and knowledge management system, can provide stability to currencies, whereas an unmanaged single or unstructured group of currencies will not provide currency stability. The proposed Information and Knowledge Architectures for System Management of a Global Reserve Currency (IKASM-GRC) can provide a system and methodology which can stabilize a reserve currency.
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Brosius, Logan Robert Thomas. "On the Rise of China, The Reconfiguration of Global Power, and the Collapse of the Modern Liberal Order." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1453337681.
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HLEBIK, SVIATLANA. "BASEL III GLOBAL LIQUIDITY RISK REGULATION FOR BANKING SYSTEMS AND THE ECB QUANTITATIVE POLICY." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/12570.
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Questa tesi analizza un tema fondamentale e nello stesso tempo controverso: il rischio di liquidità che, dopo la crisi del 2007-2008, sta diventato sempre più importante. Le banche centrali forniscono la liquidità necessaria per ridurre la probabilità di un collasso del sistema finanziario, utilizzando una vasta gamma di strumenti. La tesi in oggetto propone un’analisi della politica quantitativa della Banca Centrale Europea: un’analisi in cui sono state considerate le condizioni di mercato e la loro coerenza con la domanda di liquidità da parte del sistema bancario.
Il quadro normativo internazionale Basilea III ha introdotto nuove regole per la gestione del rischio di liquidità. Questo lavoro presenta una serie di azioni che possono essere applicate per migliorare le capacità di gestione del rischio di liquidità della banca stessa. Applicando al processo decisionale il metodo della simulazione, è stata utilizzata un'analisi di sensitività per determinare l'impatto delle decisioni manageriali sull’indice di liquidità.
Questa tesi mette in evidenza l'importanza del rischio di liquidità e presenta l'analisi empirica che ha permesso l'indagine della relazione che intercorre tra il nuovo requisito introdotto dal Basilea in materia di liquidità (NSFR) e la stabilità del sistema bancario, i fattori macroeconomici e dei mercati finanziari, e le operazioni della banca centrale.This thesis focuses on a crucial and controversial issue - liquidity risk. After the 2007-2008 crisis it became increasingly important. The Central Banks provide required liquidity to minimise the probability of a financial system meltdown by using a wide array of instruments. This thesis proposes an analyses of the European Central Bank quantitative policy, market conditions in which these measures have been taken, and their consistency with the demand for liquidity by the banking system. The Basel III international regulatory framework introduced new liquidity regulations for managing liquidity risk. This study introduces a number of actions that can be performed to improve a bank’s liquidity risk management capabilities. By applying the simulation-based approach to decision making, a sensitivity analysis was used to determine the impact of managerial rulings on liquidity ratio. The present work highlights the importance of the liquidity risk and presents the empirical analysis that allowed the exploration of the relationship between the Basel’s new liquidity requirement (NSFR) and banking stability, macroeconomic and financial markets factors, and central bank operations.
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Alcena, Reynolds. "Information Technology Infrastructure: Global Economy and National Development in Haiti." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4830.
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Political and environmental chaos recently experienced in Haiti has damaged the economic sector and telecommunication infrastructure. Developmental data from Haiti show 3 major trends: inadequate social and economic development, insufficient benefits from the global economy, and poorly planned information technology infrastructure (ITI). The specific problem addressed in this study is a knowledge gap in the views of stakeholders within Haiti's national culture on how the country's ITI can be developed to better engage Haiti in 21st century global and digital economy. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the views of 48 expert participants regarding ITI development within Haiti's national culture to better engage Haiti with the 21st century global and digital economy. To satisfy the goal of this exploratory research a case study research design was used, and data were collected from multiple sources including in-depth interviews of 48 participants, observational field notes, and archival documentation. The analysis of the archival data, online surveys, and semi-structured interviews of expert informants revealed that nationwide broadband internet availability has been achieved, which has resulted in internet usage increasing from 2% in 2002 to 12% in 2009. The study participants noted the lack of reliable access to electricity limits the implementation of ITI in the nation. Legislation and financial investment are needed to improve ITI in Haiti. The academic significance and social change implications of the study include filling the knowledge gap of the status of ITI in Haiti, helping the national development of a modernized ITI well-connected to the global economy, and a better quality of life for Haiti's people.
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Frigeni, Marco. "Design and optimization of the energy supply for the Global Interactive Village Environment : Techno-economic feasibility of an off grid solution for electrification in India." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326164.
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In a energy scenario moving fast towards the deployment of renewable energy technologies and the need of reducing CO2 emissions, hybrid energy systems for rural electrification are a feasible alternative solution to the utilization of conventional Diesel generators. The project focuses on the design and optimization of an off-grid hybrid energy system for a village of around 250 inhabitants in Gujarat, India. The energy system is part of a bigger project, “G.I.V.E. Center of Excellence”, which has an innovative concept on a more sustainable rural lifestyle. The system, which has to depend mainly on locally available resources, intends to serve three main services: electrical demand, water purification and thermal energy for cooking. Two system configurations were designed and optimized to supply the estimated demand. The main outcome is a techno-economic analysis of the different system performances, which leads to a conclusion: dealing with the services individually has lower costs of implementation, less than half if compared to the implementation of a conventional Diesel generator. Furthermore, CO2 emissions are drastically reduced. A sensitivity analysis was performed to address the different uncertainties such as the cost of the fuel. The result shows that if enough biomass resource would be available, a system based only on renewable energy technologies is economically profitable.G.I.V.E. Scandinavia
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McCluskey, Alyssa Leigh. "The issue of spatial scale in hydro-economic modeling of global and national food and water systems to address environmental and hunger policy questions." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3207864.
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Сабадаш, Віктор Володимирович, Виктор Владимирович Сабадаш, Viktor Volodymyrovych Sabadash, Вікторія Вікторівна Сабадаш, Виктория Викторовна Сабадаш, Viktoriia Viktorivna Sabadash, Микола Олексійович Харченко, et al. "Access and resource allocation in the global economy: challenges of post-industrial society." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/84187.
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Окреслено ключові нові виклики, що формують напрями й особливості бізнес-процесів
і соціальних комунікацій у період економічних і соціальних трансформацій. У роботі подано
опис їх ресурсного характеру і проблем доступу до ресурсів; визначено особливості
глобальних трендів.Очерчены ключевые новые вызовы, формирующие направления и особенности бизнес-процессов и социальных коммуникаций в период экономических и социальных трансформаций. В работе приведено описание ресурсного характера и проблем доступа к ресурсам; определены особенности глобальных трендов.
The key new challenges that shape the directions and features of business processes and social communications in the period of economic and social transformations are outlined in the material. A description of their resource nature and problems of access to resources is given and the features of global trends are identified in the paper.
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Janossy, Orsolya, and Sara Holmström. "Investeringar i klädproducerande fabriker i Södra Indien." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19613.
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Given that the end-customer has become more demanding, the retailer has to deliver products according to the market demands, which have forced manufacturing companies to constantly search for new opportunities to reduce costs and improve efficiency. It is, therefore important to choose suppliers that are able to compete with the market demands.The market demands in the textile industry have lead to shorter product life cycles, which have caused manufacturers to deliver flexibility with high technology to compete successfully on the global market. To achieve the market requirements the underlying factor is to be aware and optimally use and control time. New technology can have a major influence in the production development, if the company choose to take benefit of the advantages, by optimal allocation of the internal resources the productivity and efficiency will increase, to accomplish a competitive advantage. One way to achieve this is by investing in a Unit Production System.In our thesis we have questioned what the main driving forces for an apparel manufacturing company is when it chooses to invest in new technology. Our previous knowledge says that manufacturing companies are forced to invest in a UPS to deliver to the market demands; therefore our sub-question investigates whether market demands impact the investment in new technology.In our theory we have concluded aspects in our study which is important for the reader to have an understanding of. We describe the textile industry from the view of Porters value chain and elaborate some concepts and their definitions, which will be used as a basis throughout our thesis. Finally we present a model of Five forces that determine industry competition made by Porter, to use as an analysis method when investigating whether an UPS may bring a competitive advantage.Our field study has been carried out in South India, where we have visited five textile factories and interviewed managers. We have questioned their decision-making judgment about implementing or choosing not to implement a UPS. Other production factors and general information about the companies have been asked to have an understanding of underlying factors. We have also had the opportunity to observe their manufacturing handling systems and seen how they have chosen to use this in an optimal way.Our previous knowledge of this subject has routed to that our research will be performed in a hermeneutics scientific approach. Our role as researchers has during the study been open-minded, subjective and committed according to a hermeneutics view.Program: Textilekonomutbildningen
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Rosenvinge, Martin, and Ludvig Tempelman. "Agile Methods in the Design and Development of Modular Vehicle Systems : A case study on a global transport solutions provider." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276722.
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In today’s globally competitive business environment, efficient product development processes are critical for companies to meet rapidly changing customer demands and preferences. Therefore, companies have looked beyond traditional linear product development processes leading to the development of new iterative processes. The new iterative and agile supporting processes have had strong success for software companies. However, how to leverage these new processes in modular hardware solutions remains unclear. This thesis analyzes the challenges of utilizing and leveraging Agile Development (AD) while maintaining a modular product strategy. This study aims to increase the understanding of how to achieve a successful coexistence between AD and modularization and thereby allowing to work increasingly agile in modular settings to decrease costs and lead times. To study this, a case study on a has been performed on a large Swedish manufacturer of modular vehicle systems. To accompany this, an abductive research approach with qualitative methods has been used, where the results are based on interviews and internal documents. The results together with the literature enable a discussion on how AD and modularization can coexist. The results can be summarized accordingly: • AD and modularization can coexist given that AD is a philosophy and mindset and modularization is product strategy; • the agile mindset and freedom have to be limited to the existing boundaries and principles set by the overall firm modular strategy; and • the ability to work agile in modular settings is disrupted when the agile team requires external involvement of additional individuals. The thesis concludes that the ability to effectively leverage AD in a modular setting depends on two aspects. First, the size and complexity of the project. Second, the product architectural knowledge within the agile team.I dagens globala och konkurrenskraftiga företagsvärld blir produktutveckling en alltmera kritisk process för att kunna möta snabbt ändrande kundbehov. Således, eftersöker företag att utnyttja mer okonventionella och iterativa produktutvecklingsmetoder. Dessa nya agila metoder har påvisats väldigt effektiva för mjukvarubolag. Det är dock oklart hur dessa metoder kan nyttjas fördelaktigt för modulära hårdvarubolag. Denna studie analyserar utmaningarna i att använda och uttnyttja Agile Development (AD) samtidigt som man lyckas upprätthålla en modulär produktstrategi. Studien syftar till att öka förståelsen kring AD och modulariseringens samexistens, och därmed förklara hur man kan kombinera dessa för att minimera kostnader och ledtider. En fallstudie har gjort på ett svenskt tillverkande företag av modulära transportsystem. Med ett abduktivt förhållningssätt med kvalitativa metoder där data är från intervjuer och interna dokument. Resultaten tillsammans med teori möjliggör för en diskussion kring hur AD och modularisering kan samexistera. Resultaten kan sammanfattas enligt följande: • AD och modularisering kan samexistera för att AD ä ren filosofi medan modulariserig är en produktstrategi, • den agila friheten måste begränsas till de redan befintliga villkoren bestämda av företagets modulära strategi och • förmågan att arbeta agilt i en modulär kontext hämmas av när de agila teamen kräver involvering av externa individer. Studien drar slutsatsen att förmågan att effektivt nyttja AD i en modulär kontext beror på två aspekter. Först, storleken och komplexiteten av projektet. Sedan, kunskapen om produktarkitekturen i de agila teamen.
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Bäckström, Amanda, and Hannah Larsson. "Is There Such A Thing As Too Much Intelligence? : A qualitative study exploring how Born Global e-commerce companies are working towards adopting Artificial Intelligence into their Customer Relationship Management Systems." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74865.
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore the drivers and barriers of adoption of technology such as AI and how it could facilitate an internationalization. The thesis also hopes to explore how Born Global e-commerce companies are working towards an adoption of AI into the companies CRM-system. The model of multiple case study was chosen together with a qualitative method and an abductive approach. This was done by collecting primary data from three different Born Global firms within the e-commerce sector, as well as one CRM expert company, all located in Sweden and active on the international market. Furthermore, the theoretical framework presented Born Global, Technology Adoption, Customer Relationship Management and Artificial Intelligence. With the theoretical framework in mind, the conceptual framework was developed to show how the theories are connected to each other. Thereafter, the empirical findings were first presented and analysed together with theory and the voice of the authors of the thesis. The analysis visualize both similarities and dissimilarities between the empirical findings and the theory presented in the thesis. The final chapter concludes the barriers and drivers that Born Global e-commerce companies faces when adopting AI into their CRM-system. It also explains how AI within CRM could be beneficial as a tool on the Global market, rather than in the actual process of internationalization. To conclude the authors present the fact that companies are not working towards an adoption of AI into their CRM-systems. However, further development within the field is presented as well as theoretical and practical implications.
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Holanda, Isabelle Nathacha de Oliveira Machado de. "Reciprocidades nas relações de interdependência: cooperação internacional em saúde." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-27062016-084058/.
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O presente estudo visa analisar o contexto internacional na produção estratégica de insumos nucleares para a área da saúde e como o processo de crescente interação política entre os países influencia na tomada de decisão dos gestores dos sistemas nacionais de saúde, tendo em vista a importância de alcançarem maiores graus de autonomia frente aos oligopólios mundiais que dominam a produção de equipamentos para a saúde. Neste contexto, utilizou-se a abordagem teórica fornecida pelo estudo do Complexo Industrial em Saúde (GADELHA, 2003), que fornece elementos para discutir a interação entre o sistema de saúde e o sistema econômico-industrial, mostrando a dicotomia existente na relação entre ambos, que se exprime na deterioração do potencial de inovação do país e na vulnerabilidade externa da política de saúde. Para tanto, a escolha pela investigação do caso empírico de criação do Reator Multipropósito Brasileiro se deu pelo envolvimento de diferentes setores institucionais no processo e que influenciam diretamente na estruturação de um parque de alta densidade tecnológica e científica ligado à área da saúde que poderiam elevar o país a um patamar diferenciado em termos de cooperação internacional e estratégia geopolítica. Os métodos utilizados incluíram pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema e análise de dados secundários que circundam o processo de incorporação da tecnologia estudadaThis study aims to analyze the international context in the production of strategic nuclear supplies to the health sector and how the process of increasing political interaction between countries influence in decision-making of managers of the national health systems, in view of the importance of achieving greater degrees of autonomy against the oligopolies that dominate the world production of equipment for health. In this context, the theoretical approach was provided by the study of the health Industrial complex (GADELHA, 2003), which provides elements to discuss the interaction between the health system and the economicindustrial system, showing the dichotomy that exists in the relationship between the two, which is expressed in the deterioration of the innovation potential of the country and in the external vulnerability of health policy. For both, the choice by the empirical case investigation of Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor took place by the involvement of different institutional sectors in the process and that influence directly in the structuring of a high scientific and technological density linked to healthcare that could elevate the country to a plateau in terms of international cooperation and geopolitical strategy. The methods used included bibliographical research and secondary data analysis that surround the process of incorporation of technology
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Huang, Xiao Xian. "The role of social health insurance in health financing system : a global look and a case study for China." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064525.
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It has been widely recognized that poor health is an important cause of poverty, especiallyamong the low- and middle- income countries. One of the reasons is the absence of publicfinancial protection against the medical consumption risk in these countries. This Phd dissertationis dedicated to discern the role that health insurance could play in the organization of healthfinancial protection system. The dissertation is composed of two parts. The first part discusses theproblems linking to the financing to medical consumption from a global point of view. Chapter 1brings theoretical discussions on three topics: 1) the specialties of medical consumption risks andthe difficulties in using private health insurance to manage medical consumption risks. 2) Therole of government and market in the distribution of health resources. 3) The options for theorganization of health financing system. Chapter 2 conducts a statistical comparison on theperformance of health financing systems in the countries of different social-economic background.The discussion is carried out around three aspects of health financing: the availability of resources,the organization of health financing, and the coverage of financial protection. The second part ofthe dissertation studies the evolution of heath financing system in a specific country: China. Threechapters are assigned to this part. Chapter 3 introduces the history of Chinese health financingsystem since 1950s. It helps us to understand the challenges in health financing brought byeconomic reform. Chapter 4 carries out an empirical study on the distribution of health financingburden in China in the 1990s. It illustrates the direct results of the decline of public financing andincrease of direct payment. Chapter 5 presents health insurance reform that launched by thegovernment since the end of 1990s. An impact analysis is conducted on an original dataset of 24township hospitals in Weifang prefecture in the north of the China. The objective is to estimatethe impact of the implementation of New Rural Medical Cooperation System (NRMCS) on theactivities and financial structure of township hospitals. At last, we conclude that social healthinsurance (SHI) permits a sharing of health financial responsibilities between the service provider,the patient-consumer, and the service purchaser. It can not only involve both public and privateagents into the collection of funds for health financing system, but also make each party moreaccountable due to the risks they bear from the result of medical consumption. Meanwhile it isnecessary to note that SHI is just one option among others to organize health financing system.The implementation of SHI requires a certain level of social-economic development. SHI does notsystematically bring better performance on health financing if it is not accompanied by thereforms on provider payment or on service delivery system. Government commitment andinstitutional capacity are also key factors for the good function of the system.
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Nichols, Emily. "New Orleans Producers: Directing the Regional Food System One Informal Contract at a Time." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1883.
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Large corporations largely control food production and distribution in the global food system and have generated a desire for locally produced food. Although small independent producers still contribute to regional food systems, there is little understanding about how they distribute and market their products. This thesis uses both semistructured interviews to investigate the distribution practices of urban, family, and regional producers in the New Orleans region and discourse analysis to disclose how localist discourse shapes producers marketing practices. The discourse analysis discovered that the web presence of local New Orleans restaurants, farmers, and Crescent City Farmers Market targeted concepts that reflect localist beliefs and values. It was also established that small producers respond to consumer demands, but still have the power to shape the regional food system through negotiating informal contracts and striving to enter into the niche market.
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Ates, Ozan K. "Global Supply Chain and Competitive Business Strategies: A Case Study of Blood Sugar Monitoring Industry." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1364987292.
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Gutu, Taurai Fortune. "Recent developments in banking supervision and the soundness of the financial system : a comparative study of South Africa, Brazil and China." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020892.
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While the 2008 financial crisis has come and gone, its effects on the global financial sector still show. Globalisation has since changed the way that banks do business, and increased competitiveness and with it the level of risk within the international banking community. Therefore, because of these prolonged effects of the financial crisis and the rise in the level of risk in banking, regulators deemed it fit to make the global financial sector safer and sounder. As a result, the BASEL III Capital Accord was introduced with tighter capital adequacy and liquidity ratio requirements; as well as also introducing the leverage ratio. In this paper, through the study of the rules and regulations on banks in South Africa, Brazil and China, it was discovered that all three countries have since begun the implementation of the new Accord as from January 2013. While preparatory measures may be different, there is a general sense of regulatory alignment among the three countries. By analysing the capital adequacy, liquidity and leverage ratios of the three countries, it was also established that these ratios are interconnected, with the capital adequacy ratio being the most important one. The study concludes that, with proper implementation of these ratios and effective management, countries implementing the BASEL III regulations would be in a stronger position to achieve soundness in their banking systems.Gutu, Taurai Fortunate
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Monroe-White, Thema K. "A cross country investigation of social enterprise innovation: a multilevel modelling approach." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51912.
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This dissertation presents a multilevel model of national-level factors and their impact on the organizational-level characteristics of social enterprises and their innovations. This study builds on the foundations of two theoretical frameworks: the national systems of innovation, which recognizes economic competitiveness to be a product of several interrelated institutions (e.g. financial, educational, cultural, historical) and where organizational-level innovation drives country level competitiveness; and the comparative social enterprise framework, which contends that national-level institutions (e.g., economic competitiveness, models of civil society) drive the size and shape of the social enterprise sector of a country. Data for this study were collected from multiple secondary global datasets representing 54 countries across seven world regions. Research questions and hypotheses are examined using ordinal and logistic hierarchical generalized linear modeling, two analytical techniques capable of explaining variation at one level (i.e., organizations) as a consequence of factors at another level of analysis (i.e., countries) for non-normally distributed dependent variables. Findings indicate that economic competitiveness, welfare spending, culture and quality of life significantly impact the odds of a business being a social enterprise. Fewer significant relationships were found social enterprise innovations. Conclusions and policy implications are discussed in light of data limitations and the current state of the field.
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Nuseibeh, Hasan. "An Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) Decision Framework for Building an Information Economy in Developing Countries: The Case of Palestine." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6338.
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Building a thriving information economy is a goal for many developing countries. This research helps identify the factors (inhibitors and motivators) that can be used to leverage the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector in a developing country to build a sustainable information economy that benefits other sectors of the economy. This is done by studying the current literature on this topic and then synthesizing the theoretical models to create a unified decision framework to help developing countries set their path to building a sustainable information economy.
Drawing on past literature and extant theory, a novel ICT4D decision framework is built that provides a three-dimensional view based on 1) the ICT value chain, 2) key factors (e.g. infrastructure, policies, markets), and 3) stakeholders (e.g. industry, government, academia). This decision framework is then used to study the case of Palestine, where secondary and primary data are used to compare the critical success factors for Palestine with the general framework. This synthesized framework and critical success factors superset is expected to advance the field’s understanding of how both controllable and non-controllable country characteristics contribute to or inhibit the growth and development of an ICT sector in developing countries. In addition, the framework and identified success factors help in setting a future path for development.
Results from both secondary data sources demonstrate the usability of the framework to analyze the current setting of the ICT sector, in addition, to help investigate a range of possible opportunities for action to reach a higher level of ICT success. Then, via a targeted set of interviews with academic, industrial, and governmental sources who are experts in the Palestinian ICT arena, an exploratory study was performed that focused on key critical success factors for future development of the ICT economy. Controllable factors that have the potential for sustainable action were identified.
In the case of Palestine, it appears that despite having many challenges that are out of control, there seem to be many opportunities for change specifically in government and educational policies that can help the ICT sector in specific, and the Palestinian economy in general reach its real potential. Given the current political situation in Palestine, it was found that there is a great potential in creating new software products for export. The challenges in this particular area in the case of Palestine lies in the lack of adequate business skills to research the global market and to market products and services that can be offered by the Palestinian ICT sector.
The findings should also help stakeholders see if the challenges to developing an ICT sector in Palestine are the same as those for any developing country, and where they are truly unique. The outcomes of this research have the potential to frame and inform economic development decisions that could define the future of the Palestinian state.
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Betancourt, Schwarz Manuel. "Energy, economic and quality of service assessment using dynamic modelling and optimization for smart management of district heating networks." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IMTA0234.
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Ces travaux considèrent les Smart Grid électrique comme point de départ pour proposer un nouveau modèle de gestion des réseaux de chaleur, baptisé Optimisation Dynamique des réseaux de chaleur pour une transition vers les Réseaux Intelligents (acronyme DOTS en anglais). Le modèle DOTS est constitué de trois parties : la modélisation dynamique des réseaux de distribution, l'optimisation du réseau de chaleur dans son ensemble et une évaluation multicritère de sa performance. La modélisation physique des réseaux est associée à une représentation en graphes orientés et à une méthode modifiée des volumes finis. En complément, ce travail propose l'utilisation d'un nouvel indicateur de fonctionnement dynamique appelé Facteur de Charge des Conduites (PSF en anglais pour Pipe Supply Factor). Le PSF donne le rapport entre l'énergie entrant dans une conduite et l'énergie qui en ressort. L'optimisation est divisée en deux étapes : L'optimisation de l'ordre de mobilisation des différents systèmes de production (dispatch) et l'optimisation de la température de génération. Le dispatch correspond à un ordre de priorité basé sur le coût de production et l'optimisation des températures de production est optimisée grâce à la minimisation de la production totale, de la demande non satisfaite(déficit) et de l'excès de chaleur (surplus). L'évaluation globale du réseau de chaleur se fait au travers d’indicateurs énergétiques, économiques et de qualité de service. Les résultats indiquent la possibilité de la transition des réseaux de chaleur (existants ou nouveaux) vers les Smart Thermal Networks et leur capacité à devenir partie intégrante du modèle Smart CityBased on the relevance of Heat as one of the primary end-uses of energy in a city and the stillsmall amount of literature on the transition of District Heating (DH) into Smart Thermal Networks, themain objective of the present research is to propose a novel model for system management of DH bycombining Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization tools. This with the aim to be a proof of conceptthat demonstrates the possibility of DH systems to transition into Smart Thermal Networks and theircapabilities of integration into the Smart City model. The present research takes the electricity smart gridas the starting point to propose a new model of DH system management named Dynamic Optimizationof DH for its Transition to Smart Networks (DOTS). This model is constituted by three parts: themodeling of DH networks, the optimization of DH systems, and the evaluation of DH systems. Themodeling approach is based on the physical modeling of DH networks using Oriented Graphs and avariation of the Finite Volumes method. The optimization is divided into two steps: The Dispatchoptimization using linear programming formulation, and the Generation Temperature optimization usingnon-linear programming formulation. The evaluation of DH is done through energy, economic and, newto DH, Quality of Service (QoS) indicators. To account for the dynamics of heat distribution, the presentresearch proposes the use of a new operative indicator named the Pipe Supply Factor (PSF) to allow thenetwork to consider the delay times and the thermal inertia of the system
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SANCHEZ, ARJONA IRENE. "Saggi su Retti Finanziarie e Rischio Sistemico." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/18927.
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L'ultima crisi nanziaria ha evidenziato il ruolo decisivo delle connessioni nel mercato interban-
cario come canale e strumento ampli catore dei shock nanziari, e di conseguenza del rischio
sistemico.
In questa tesi presentiamo delle metodologie teoriche ed empiriche per analizzare il potenziale
rischio sistemico in una rete bancaria interconnessa.
La tesi comprende due saggi sulle reti nanziarie e il rischio sistemico ed e organizzata in due
capitoli. Nel capitolo I analizziamo e modelliamo alcune delle complesse interazioni all'interno
di una rete nanziaria, con l'obiettivo di approfondire nella interrelazione fra la fragilit a dell'eco-
nomia reale e quella del sistema bancario. A questo scopo, forniamo una descrizione qualitativa
e quantitativa delle dinamiche della leva nanziaria.
Nel capitolo II, sfruttiamo un set originale di dati su 15 banche europee classi cate come G-SIB
per valutare se l'espansione nei mercati esteri aumenta la loro rischiosit a, e attraverso quali canali
si materializa.The last global nancial crisis clearly illustrated the crucial role of interbank linkages in channel- ing and amplifying shocks hitting the system and, therefore, in the emergence of systemic risk. In this thesis, we present theoretical and empirical methodologies for analysing the potential for systemic risk in a interconnected banking network. The dissertation comprehends two essays on nancial networks and systemic risk and is organ- ised in two chapters. In chapter I, we analyse and model some complex interactions and feedback relationships within a nancial network, with the objective of delving into the linkages between fragility in the real economy and in the banking system. For this purpose, we provide a qualita- tive and quantitative description of leverage dynamics. In chapter II, we exploit an original dataset on 15 European banks classi ed as G-SIBs by the BIS to assess whether expansion in foreign markets increases their riskiness, and through which channels that eventually happens.
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Gislen, Mikael. "Dysfunctional aspects of Software Development : An analysis of how lip-service, deception and organisational politics may side-track the result of well-intended methodologies." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5445.
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This paper tries to identify and understand the human social obstacles for developing quality software. These include lip-service, cutting corners, deception and effects of internal politics. These obstacles can undermine the good intentions behind the software methodologies. The paper draws from the literature in different disciplines and uses an ethnographic research methodology to create a rich picture of the concerning aspects in the framework of one software development company in India. What stands out among the findings are that internal audits has mainly focused on finding errors in documentation procedures but study of the actual practices has often been shallow. In addition the understanding of business risks by the internal auditors have often been weak. Context. The human based obstacles affecting Software Development Methodology analysed in the context of an ISO 9000 quality system in an Indian Software Development company working mainly with Swedish companies. Objectives. Identifying and increasing the understanding of intrinsic negative social aspects such as lip service, cheating and politics which are affecting the results of Software Development Methodologies and if possible suggest some means to mitigate them. In particular to create a deeper understanding of why people cheat and pay lip service to methodologies and to try to understand the political aspects of methodology and quality systems. There are other positive social aspects, but they are not considered since the objective is about understanding the negative aspects and possibly mitigate them. Methods. Ethnographic research using analysis of ISO 9000 and design artefacts, semi-structured interviews, participation in internal audits, Results. Most focus in audits was on documentation and very less focus on underlying methodologies, some indications of lip-service to process and processes were also mainly managed on a higher level in the organization while the understanding and practices were less well established on lower level. It was hard to get a grip on the internal political aspects since the perception of the subject in the informants view was that it is mainly malicious and therefore embarrassing to speak about. Some conflicts between internal quality goals and customers’ needs were also identified. Conclusions. An ethnographic research methodology gives a rich picture. The analysis gives deeper understanding of the problem areas, but not necessary solutions. The author suggests that at the heart of the problem is a difference in world view. Software professionals generally tend to resolve [technical] problems using a reductionist approach, while these intricate challenges cannot easily be resolved by this approach. A more holistic systemic approach is required and while the software methodology is useful to structure the development it does not resolve these dysfunctions. They have to be resolved on another level. It was also found that further studies is required in particular to better understand Internal politics, the effect of Positive and Negative Incentives, the effect of software metrics on quality performance and subjectivity in customers’ perception and expectation.Uppsatsen försöker förstå mänskliga sociala hinder för att utveckla programvara med hög kvalitet. Dessa hinder inkluderar "läpparnas bekännelser", ta genvägar, vilseleda och internpolitik. Sådana hinder kan underminera utvecklingsmetoder. Denna uppsats bygger på literatur från olika discipliner och använder etnografisk forskningsmetodik för att skapa en rik bild av dessa oroande aspekter inom ramen för ett IT-företag i Indien. Vad står ut är att intern kvalitetsrevision fokuserar för mycket på att finna fel i dokumentationsprocesser medan revision av hur utvecklingsarbetet faktiskt sker har varit för ytligt. Dessutom har de interna revisorernas förståelse av affärsrisker varit svag.
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Kimbrough, Anthony K. "Developing cost per flying hour factors for the operations and maintenance phase of the satellite life cycle." View thesis, 2003. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA415257.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Air Force Institute of Technology, 2003.Title from title screen (viewed July 1, 2004). "March 2003." Vita. "AFIT/GCA/ENV/03-04." "ADA415257"--URL. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74). Also issued in paper format.
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Chavez, Henry. ""Dreaming of electric sheep" Les cycles techno-économiques du système mondial et le développement technoscientifique en Équateur : sources et limites du projet postnéolibéral ( 2007 – 2016 )." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0090.
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Sur la base d’une étude historique des rapports entre les cycles techno-économiques du système mondial et le processus de transformation économique, politique et idéologique d’un pays périphérique comme l’Équateur, cette recherche présente une analyse critique sur le processus de développement du champ technoscientifique de ce pays et le projet de modernisation postnéolibéral mis en place par son gouvernement entre 2007-2017. L’exposition est organisée en deux parties. La première analyse les rapports entre les transformations techno-économiques mondiales et les cycles économiques et politiques locaux ; les rapports entre ces cycles, les vagues de modernisation du système d’éducation supérieure équatorien et la reproduction des élites locales ; et enfin, les rapports entre ces deux derniers et le processus de développement scientifique, technologique et industriel du pays. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'étude en détail du dernier de ces cycles, caractérisé par la mise en place du projet postnéolibéral de modernisation technoscientifique. Cette étude se focalise particulièrement sur trois projets : la réforme de l’éducation supérieure, le programme de bourses d’étude à l’étranger et le projet de construction de Yachay, une ville dédiée à la science, à la technologie et à l’innovation. Les résultats de ces analyses dévoilent le caractère idéologique de ces projets, conçus et dirigés par un même réseau d’intellectuels et financés par l’essor des exportations de matières premières qui a accompagné cette phase ascendante du cycle périphérique. Enfermés dans leur quête idéologique d’un modèle de développement alternatif et les contraintes imposées par les processus de transformation du système mondial, ces acteurs ont fini par produire un projet de modernisation contradictoire basé sur une abstraction empirique adaptée à leurs besoins de légitimation politique. La fin de l’essor économique a dévoilé les limites de ce projet idéologique dont les résultats concrets sont une plus lourde bureaucratie, le gaspillage des ressources publiques et l’accumulation de pouvoir. Nous suggérons que ce résultat est un effet du décalage entre les cycles de transformation à la périphérie et au centre du système mondial et du processus de reconfiguration global liée à la montée de l’influence chinoise et au déploiement de la dernière vague de transformations techno-économiques. Cette recherchée s’inscrit ainsi dans la lignée de réflexion sur les transformations du système mondialBased on a historical study of the relationship between the techno-economic cycles of the global system and the economic, political and ideological transformations in Ecuador, this research presents a critical analysis of the development process of the technoscientific field in this country and the post-neoliberal modernization project implemented by its government between 2007-2017. The thesis has two parts. The first one develops an analysis on three levels: the relationships between the global techno-economic cycles and the political and economic transformations in Ecuador; the relationships between these transformations, the waves of modernization of the Ecuadorian higher education system and the reproduction of local elites; and the relationship between the latter and the scientific, technological and industrial development of the country. The second part presents a detailed study of the last cycle, characterized by the implementation of the post-neoliberal project of technoscientific modernization. This study focuses, particularly, on three projects: the higher education reform, the scholarship program for studies abroad and the Yachay technopole project. These analysis results reveal the ideological character of these projects, designed and directed by the same network of intellectuals and financed by the rise of commodity exports which accompanied this upward phase of the peripheral cycle. Trapped in their ideological quest for an alternative development model and the constraints imposed by the transformation processes of the global system, these actors have finally produced a contradictory modernization project based on an empirical abstraction adapted to their needs for political legitimization. The end of the economic upswing has unveiled the limits of this ideological project whose concrete results are a heavier bureaucracy, waste of public resources and the accumulation of power. We suggest that this result is an effect of the three interrelated processes: the gap between the transformation cycles at the periphery and at the center of the global system, the global reconfiguration linked to the rise of Chinese influence and the deployment of the latest techno-economic wave of innovation. This research aims thus to contribute to the debate on the historical transformations of the global system
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Malgas, Maphelo. "Disillusionment with the market driven economic system in a period of global economic downturn." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6054.
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This study also showed how inter-connected the world is because the global financial crisis started in one part of the world but affected every country worldwide.
The global financial crisis made it necessary to revisit the writings of the British economist John Maynard Keynes who is considered one of the most influential economists of the 20th century and one of the fathers of modern macroeconomics. He advocated an interventionist form of government policy, believing markets left to their own devices could be destructive, leading to cycles of recessions, depressions and booms. That is what the world witnessed during the global financial crisis.
Keynes ideas helped rebuild economies after World War II, until the 1970s when his ideas were abandoned for freer market systems. What then happened was regulation began to weaken as the world economies started to recover. This scenario is likely to repeat itself even when the financial crisis is over. Market capitalism is still going to dominate the world economies because in as much as transaction will be regulated but the behaviour of finance institutions will be difficult to regulate.
During the period under review, the South African financial sector and the mining industry felt the impact of the global financial crisis as shown in this study. Despite signs of a turnaround in economic activity in South Africa, financial systems are still vulnerable to risk and a renewed loss of confidence. The adverse feedback effects from the real economy, therefore, remain a concern and present new challenges for safeguarding the stability of the global financial system.
The global economic crisis offers an opportunity for South Africa to act and provide long term solutions. Strict regulation should be applied not only to the financial sector but to smaller business entities as well.Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.
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Yu, Wang Cheng, and 王政裕. "Economic behavior of medical clinics under global budget floating point system." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98920626167079876793.
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碩士國立臺北大學
經濟學系
97
After the implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI), the total medical expenditure increased rapidly, the financial burden became a serious problem for the operation of NHI. In order to control the growth of medical expenditure, NHI started to employ the global budget payment system. Under the global budget, the payment was retrospective, the final payment received was calculated by the value of floating point. After the execution of global budget system, the value of floating point continuously dropped in the medical clinic sector. However, the value started to rise back since Q4 of 2005. As there is no major change in the global budget system and the overall medical environment, there must be other change occurred. The aim of this study is to explore the behavior of medical clinics when facing the global budget payment system and try to figure the causes of value variation. In this paper, we employ both the theoretical model and empirical data analysis. In the hypothesis of theoretical model, the medical clinic was assumed to pursue the maximum of income under the global budget floating point system. In the empirical section, the data was drawn from the National Health Insurance database and covered the application data of 2004, 2005 and 2006. Since the floating point system works on the quarterly and NHI branch basis, panel data regression was applied to this study. The descriptive statistics analysis was also utilized to see if there is any area difference and specific trend in the macro environment. The major findings of the theoretical analysis include: (1) the condition of income maximizing for individual clinic was not practically feasible because it need other clinics to stop their operations. (2) If the clinics achieve the agreement of sharing the budget evenly, there still exists the incentive for clinics to violate the agreement and make their own income higher. Thus, the value of floating points will decrease in this circumstance. (3) The value of floating point was also found to have a positive relationship with the motivation of increasing the points applied by clinics. Higher value encourange higher motivation of increasing application. In the empirical analysis section, we ascertained the value variation of floating point was significantly influenced by application case quantity and the number of medical clinics. Further, the phenomenon of value rising back mainly resulted from the decrease of application cases. The decrease of application cases was due to the reduced practice day in a month and smaller patient number a day. The above finding was supported by the official document of the medical clinic association and clearly revealed the influence of peer group. In the descriptive statistics, the area difference of application behavior was found to support the hypothesis of income maximizing in the theoretical model analysis.
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Lu, Yu-Hsin, and 呂育馨. "Analysis of Global Budgeting System and Hospital Pharmaceutical Economic Behaviors Research." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54298714598534288045.
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碩士世新大學
經濟學研究所(含碩專班)
94
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the impacts of Global Budgeting (GB) on pharmaceutical behaviors in hospitals with a particular application on antidepressants. The Data, ranging from year 2000 to 2004, used in the analysis are obtained from National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database. The analysis are in two parts: The Quantitative Analysis, using Ordinary Least Squares (OSL) and Quantile Regression Methods, examines the differences of costs and drugs quantities used in treatments prior and post to applying of GB. The trend of drugs used in hospitals of different geographical levels is also analyzed. The Probit Model evaluates the variance of the sources of pharmaceutical products before and after embracing GB. The results are concluded in the points followed. First, after applying GB, the decrease of other medical services is the consequence of the significant increase of using antidepressants. This result shows a mutual exclusive phenomena, between drug treatments and medical services, cause by GB. Second, the pharmaceutical reimbursements have risen drastically since the application GB. The causes of the rise include the introduction of new drugs to the market and the increase of prescription used by hospitals to add profits. Third, expensive antidepressants are not favored by hospitals while giving prescription. Fourth, medical centers spend more money on prescription drugs than local hospital and the quantity of drugs used in medical centers is also higher than in regional hospitals. This is why patients prefer going to medical centers than local hospitals. Fifth, there is no significant inconsistency in using domestic and imported antidepressants prior to and after applying GB. In addition, doctors tend to use the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-classified antidepressants when giving imported drugs after the implementation of GB. Several policies are recommended to NHI in the research. First of all, sufficient rules for checking and ratifying pharmaceutical prices must be set up to reflect the principle reimbursement cost. The second suggestion is that the SSRI-classified antidepressants need to be considered as one of the important items in the pricing survey. Thirdly, in order to curb the increase of prices within a reasonable range, the feedback from peer-hospitals are required. With the aim of avoiding asymmetric information of prescription drugs, the fourth recommendation is the drug quality-related full information is needed. It is also advised that should changes of drugs are needed, the new drugs have to comply with the principle of bioequivalence. Additionally, hospital should actually enforce referral system.
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Nepfumbada, Ntevheleni. "The Post-apartheid South African Economy in the global economic system, 1994-2004." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1038.
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"The emerging structure of global interaction: an integration of the network and world system perspective." 1998. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889733.
Full textAbstract:
by Li Hang-tsang, Steven.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-138).
Abstract also in Chinese.
List of Tables --- p.i
List of Charts --- p.iii
List of Diagrams --- p.iii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Global Interaction and Economic Development --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Sociological Perspectives of Economic Development --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Network Perspective of Global Interaction --- p.7
Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives and research Design --- p.9
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.11
Chapter 2.1 --- World System Perspective and Global Interaction --- p.11
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Classification Scheme of World System Perspective --- p.12
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Global Interaction and the Operation of Capitalism --- p.13
Chapter 2.2 --- Global Interaction and Economic Development --- p.19
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Economic Business Cycle and Economic Development --- p.20
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Global Factors and Economic Development --- p.22
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Local Factors and Economic Development --- p.24
Chapter 2.3 --- Critiques and Limitations of World System Perspective --- p.25
Chapter 2.3.1 --- The Limitation of Theory Testing --- p.26
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Insufficient Study of Global Interaction --- p.27
Chapter (1) --- Interaction Among Core Countries --- p.29
Chapter (2) --- Interaction Between Core Country and Semi-Peripheral Country --- p.30
Chapter (3) --- Interaction Among Peripheral Countries --- p.31
Chapter (4) --- Other Unspecified Interaction --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.3 --- The Ignored Facets of Global Interaction --- p.32
Chapter (1) --- Interaction Partner --- p.32
Chapter (2) --- Interaction Intensity --- p.32
Chapter (3) --- The Combined Effect of Interaction Partner and Interaction Intensity --- p.33
Chapter 2.4 --- The Network Perspective and New Conception to Global Interaction --- p.35
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Conceptual Framework and Hypotheses --- p.39
Chapter 3.1 --- The Causal Explanation of World System Perspective --- p.39
Chapter 3.2 --- Causal Sequencing and Explanation of Network Perspective --- p.41
Chapter 3.3 --- An Integrated Conceptual Framework --- p.42
Chapter 3.4 --- The Hypotheses of Emergent Properties of Global Interaction --- p.44
Chapter (1) --- The Interaction Position Effect --- p.44
Chapter (2) --- The Interaction Intensity Effect --- p.45
Chapter (3) --- The Interaction partner Effect --- p.46
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Data and Methodology --- p.49
Chapter 4.1 --- Data --- p.49
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Longitudinal Data and Sampling of Countries --- p.49
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Data Diagnosis --- p.51
Chapter 4.1.3 --- The Timing of Causality --- p.51
Chapter 4.2 --- Variables and Regression Models --- p.52
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Classification of Country and the Model of Interaction Position Effect --- p.52
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Interaction Intensity Effect and Economic Development --- p.55
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Interaction Partner Effect and Economic Development --- p.57
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Structure and Dynamics of Global Interaction --- p.60
Chapter 5.1 --- Classification of Countries --- p.60
Chapter 5.2 --- Characteristics of Three Country Types --- p.62
Chapter 5.2.1 --- World Total Export and Total Export From Each Country Type --- p.62
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Gross National Product Per Capita of Different Country Types --- p.65
Chapter 5.3 --- Patterns of Global Interaction --- p.66
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Pattern of Interaction Intensity --- p.66
Chapter (1) --- Intra-Group Interaction --- p.66
Chapter (2) --- Inter-Group Interaction --- p.67
Chapter (3) --- The Changing of Interaction Intensity --- p.69
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Pattern of Interaction partner --- p.71
Chapter (1) --- Pattern of Interaction Partner in terms of Total Export to All Countries --- p.71
Chapter (2) --- Pattern of Interaction Partner in terms of Intra-Group Interaction --- p.74
Chapter (3) --- Pattern of Interaction Partner in terms of Inter-Group Interaction --- p.77
Chapter (a) --- Interaction Between Core Country and Semi-Peripheral Country --- p.77
Chapter (b) --- Interaction Between Core Country and Peripheral Country --- p.79
Chapter (c) --- Interaction Between Semi-Peripheral Country and Peripheral Country --- p.81
Chapter (d) --- Comparing the Linkages among Three Country Types --- p.84
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Regression Analysis --- p.87
Chapter 6.1 --- Interaction Position Effect --- p.87
Chapter 6.2 --- Interaction Intensity Effect --- p.88
Chapter 6.3 --- Interaction Partner Effect --- p.94
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Discussion and Conclusion --- p.100
Chapter 7.1 --- Emergent Properties and Economic Development --- p.100
Chapter 7.2 --- Network perspective and World System Perspective --- p.104
Chapter 7.3 --- Limitation of This Research --- p.105
Chapter 7.4 --- Future Possibilities --- p.106
Appendix A Classification of Countries --- p.109
Appendix B Centrality Score and Ranking of Countries --- p.117
Chapter B.1 --- Centrality Score of Countries from 1975 to1990 --- p.117
Chapter B.2 --- Centrality Score of Countries in their Respective Country Types from 1975 to1990 --- p.125
Bibliography --- p.133
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Artemenko, Anna, and Lois Akuaku. "THE INFLUENCE OF NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS ON THE INCLUSION OF A LOCAL ECONOMY INTO THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM (A CASE STUDY OF GHANA)." Thesis, 2021. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11203.
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Jirman, Martin. "Analýza ekonomické struktury ve vybraných regionech." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-373077.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis deals with the analysis of Nachod and Tachov regions' economic structure. The aim of this work is to discover the range and character of differences between these regional economic structures within a national innovation system. Regions showing approximately similar vertical geographic position were chosen for the analysis deliberately, however they differ in various actualities, such as, for instance, their position in terms of west-east gradient, or more precisely horizontal geographic position. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the suppliers and consumers, manufacturing programmes, and not least ownership structures, the basic typology of the economic subjects from the manufacturing industry was executed. The results of this analysis point out significant dependence of the Tachov region on the activities of foreign investors and underdeveloped entrepreneurial environment. Nachod region reports, in the interregional comparison, better results in assessing the economic structure and features clearly more endogenous regional development than Tachov region. Key words: global production network, regional innovation system, manufacturing industry, economic structure
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Shu-Chuan, Weng, and 翁淑娟. "The Effect of Economic Incentives on Medical Behavior: A Study of the Effects of Payment Schedule and Regressive Physician Payment Adjustment Under the Global Budget System for Chinese Medicine." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97486693348125465592.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長庚大學
醫務管理學研究所
93
The most important economic incentive for health care provider usually comes from the regulation on price and quantity. When the regulation on price and quantity of medical services changes, medical behaviors tend to change accordingly. The National Health Insurance (NHI) global budget system for Chinese medicine was implemented in July 2000.The price and quantity adjustment under global budget studied here referred to changes in Payment Schedule and Regressive Physician payment, which reduced payment level with service volume and limited the number of patients per physician per day. This study aims to investigate the change of medical behaviors under adjustments in Payment Schedule and in Regressive Physician Payment. The sample includes 1,526 Chinese medicine providers who had declared claims form the NHI continuously for 42 months from July 2000 to Dec 2003. Multiple regressions were applied to examine the effects of price and quantity adjustment. The research finds that adjusting medical service price and quantity limitation does change providers’ behavior. After adjusting medical price, the average clinic claimed points increased. However, the floating conversion point value declined, thus the average revenue of clinic decreased. After setting quantity limitation, the number of claim from each clinic decreased. Also, as the payment level changed, under the quantity limitation, the composition of claim, that is to say, the proportion of internal medicine and the proportion of acupuncture, did not show significant change. The decrease in the average number of cases may result from increasing competition. In the future, as the market of Chinese medicine becomes more competitive, a lower floating conversion point value might happen. Furthermore, the NHI has to pay attention on the composition of claims as their pay schedule changes. In conclusion, under the global budget system, adjustment of payment schedule and regressive physician payment had generally achieved the goals to limit average clinic services volume. However, since that the observation period is rather short, and that the total number of Chinese medicine claims still increased during study period, continuous monitoring and assessment on the effects of providers and the Chinese medicine market are required.