Journal articles on the topic 'Global data association'
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Neu, Scott C., Karen L. Crawford, and Arthur W. Toga. "Sharing data in the global alzheimer's association interactive network." NeuroImage 124 (January 2016): 1168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.082.
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Skår, Olav, Mariana Carvalho, Wendy Poore, and Kirsty Walker. "From global upstream safety data to action." APPEA Journal 60, no. 2 (2020): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19074.
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The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP) is a global forum in which member companies identify and share best practices to achieve improvements in many areas, including upstream process safety. IOGP members encompass oil and gas companies, industry associations as well as major upstream service companies; collectively, members produce 40% of the world’s oil and gas. These member companies voluntarily report their annual safety data, which are used to compile an annual report on safety performance indicators. IOGP work groups use these data to identify industry-wide learning to enable an industry vision of no fatalities. This paper describes the trends and lessons learned from the most recent data received. The IOGP safety performance indicator dataset is the largest database of its kind in the upstream oil and gas industry, allowing the ability to analyse trends and learning from fatal incidents on an industry-wide basis. Having this large database of information and standardised reporting of fatality data by activity, category, Life-Saving Rule and causal factors allows trending and analysis on a scale that is not possible for any individual member company. The present paper provides an update on the upstream industry safety performance from the past 5 years of data collected, and discusses how this has led to Project Safira: eliminating fatalities in the upstream industry.
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Tian, Yi, Li Ma, Xiaohong Cai, and Jiayan Zhu. "Statistical Method Based on Bayes-Type Empirical Score Test for Assessing Genetic Association with Multilocus Genotype Data." International Journal of Genomics 2020 (May 7, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4708152.
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Simultaneous testing of multiple genetic variants for association is widely recognized as a valuable complementary approach to single-marker tests. As such, principal component regression (PCR) has been found to have competitive power. We focus on exploring a robust test for an unknown genetic mode of all SNPs, an unknown Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in a population, and a large number of all SNPs. First, we propose a new global test by means of the use of codominant codes for all markers and PCR. The new global test is built on an empirical Bayes-type score statistic for testing marginal associations with each single marker. The new global test gains power by robustly exploiting the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control population and effectively using linkage disequilibrium among test markers. The new global test reduces to PCR when the genotype for each marker is coded as the number of minor alleles. This connection lends insight into the power of the new global test relative to PCR and some other popular multimarker test methods. Second, we propose a robust test method based on the new global test and the ordinary PCR test built on a prospective score statistic for testing marginal associations with each single marker when the genotype for each marker is coded as the number of minor alleles by taking the minimum p value of these two tests. Finally, through extensive simulation studies and analysis of the association between pancreatic cancer and some genes of interest, we show that the proposed robust test method has desirable power and can often identify association signals that may be missed by existing methods.
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Ramkumar, Thirunavukarasu, Rengaramanujam Srinivasan, and Shanmugasundaram Hariharan. "Synthesizing Global Association Rules from Different Data Sources Based on Desired Interestingness Metrics." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 13, no. 03 (May 2014): 473–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622014500138.
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Since business houses are generally global, the required data for their corporate decisions are spread over multiple branches at different regions. In such circumstances, local pattern analysis-based global pattern discovery has become an efficient strategy for mining their multiple data sources. The traditional support-confidence framework alone is not enough for assessing the interestingness of synthesized global association rules. In this context, numerous interestingness measures have been developed in the past to meet various situations. Depending on the requirement, local branches and the central head may choose desired interestingness metric for evaluating local frequent-itemsets and global association rules, respectively. In this paper, we present a generalized synthesis procedure for synthesizing global association rules, based on any interestingness metric, from the mined local patterns forwarded by multiple data sources. We have also shown that the synthesized metric values are quite close to the targeted mono-mining results. Examples and experimental studies establish the validity of our proposal.
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Wu, Zheng, and Margrit Betke. "Global optimization for coupled detection and data association in multiple object tracking." Computer Vision and Image Understanding 143 (February 2016): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2015.10.006.
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Sun, Jinping, Qing Li, Xuwang Zhang, and Wei Sun. "An Efficient Implementation of Track-Oriented Multiple Hypothesis Tracker Using Graphical Model Approaches." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8061561.
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The multiple hypothesis tracker (MHT) is currently the preferred method for addressing data association problem in multitarget tracking (MTT) application. MHT seeks the most likely global hypothesis by enumerating all possible associations over time, which is equal to calculating maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate over the report data. Despite being a well-studied method, MHT remains challenging mostly because of the computational complexity of data association. In this paper, we describe an efficient method for solving the data association problem using graphical model approaches. The proposed method uses the graph representation to model the global hypothesis formation and subsequently applies an efficient message passing algorithm to obtain the MAP solution. Specifically, the graph representation of data association problem is formulated as a maximum weight independent set problem (MWISP), which translates the best global hypothesis formation into finding the maximum weight independent set on the graph. Then, a max-product belief propagation (MPBP) inference algorithm is applied to seek the most likely global hypotheses with the purpose of avoiding a brute force hypothesis enumeration procedure. The simulation results show that the proposed MPBP-MHT method can achieve better tracking performance than other algorithms in challenging tracking situations.
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Islam, Md Aminul, Sarawut Sangkham, Ananda Tiwari, Meysam Vadiati, Mohammad Nayeem Hasan, Syed Toukir Ahmed Noor, Jubayer Mumin, Prosun Bhattacharya, and Samendra P. Sherchan. "Association between Global Monkeypox Cases and Meteorological Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 15638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315638.
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The emergence of an outbreak of Monkeypox disease (MPXD) is caused by a contagious zoonotic Monkeypox virus (MPXV) that has spread globally. Yet, there is no study investigating the effect of climatic changes on MPXV transmission. Thus, studies on the changing epidemiology, evolving nature of the virus, and ecological niche are highly paramount. Determination of the role of potential meteorological drivers including temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, dew point, wind speed, and surface pressure is beneficial to understand the MPXD outbreak. This study examines the changes in MPXV cases over time while assessing the meteorological characteristics that could impact these disparities from the onset of the global outbreak. To conduct this data-based research, several well-accepted statistical techniques including Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES), Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Automatic forecasting time-series model (Prophet), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Explanatory Variables (ARIMAX) were applied to delineate the correlation of the meteorological factors on global daily Monkeypox cases. Data on MPXV cases including affected countries spanning from May 6, 2022, to November 9, 2022, from global databases and meteorological data were used to evaluate the developed models. According to the ARIMAX model, the results showed that temperature, relative humidity, and surface pressure have a positive impact [(51.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): −274.55 to 377.68), (17.32, 95% CI: −83.71 to 118.35) and (23.42, 95% CI: −9.90 to 56.75), respectively] on MPXV cases. In addition, dew/frost point, precipitation, and wind speed show a significant negative impact on MPXD cases. The Prophet model showed a significant correlation with rising MPXD cases, although the trend predicts peak values while the overall trend increases. This underscores the importance of immediate and appropriate preventive measures (timely preparedness and proactive control strategies) with utmost priority against MPXD including awareness-raising programs, the discovery, and formulation of effective vaccine candidate(s), prophylaxis and therapeutic regimes, and management strategies.
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Filimonov, A. G., A. A. Filimonova, N. D. Chichirova, and A. A. Chichirov. "Global energy association: new opportunities of hydrogen technologies." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-2-3-13.
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PURPOSE. To analyze the prospects of integrating hydrogen technologies into the traditional directions of development of the electric power industry in the world and Russia. To highlight the competitive advantages of Russia in the changing structure of the industry with the transition to" green " hydrogen. METHODS. The analysis of the literature data and the data of the international information exchange is carried out. RESULTS. The most urgent scientific and technical problem of the economy, affecting any practical aspect of human economic activity, is the issue of the availability of energy resources and the impact on the environment. It is now, in the context of the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, that the trends of globalization are particularly acute, and the degree of cross-border information communication using digital capabilities has increased many times. CONCLUSION. The transition to a new technological stage of energy supply for our society is more urgent than ever, based on innovative approaches to the creation of intelligently managed global energy systems with their consolidation and, at the same time, decentralization and distribution to local levels of centers, production, consumption and management, increasing the share of small RES, the introduction of new digital solutions, the use of hydrogen technology chains and hybrid systems based on them and other promising energy technologies on an industrial scale.
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Wu, TianShu, GuoJie Song, XiuJun Ma, KunQing Xie, XiaoPing Gao, and XingXing Jin. "Mining geographic episode association patterns of abnormal events in global earth science data." Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences 51, S1 (April 2008): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-008-5008-3.
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Ai, Ya Qin, Xi Tian, Hong Shan Nie, and Yu Jun Liu. "A Multi-Sensor Data Association Algorithm Based on Time Constraint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 3579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.3579.
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For the high real-time demands of multi-sensor target tracking system, a global optimum data association algorithm based on time constraint is presented. Firstly, the statistical distance between measurement and prediction center of the track is calculated. An optimal association model among all measurements and all tracks is founded. Then, an improved auction algorithm is proposed to solve the association model. Multi-time auction is conducted in the constrained time, and the optimal solution is obtained by comparing the value of objective function. Simulation shows that the proposed method has a perfect association performance in the constrained time.
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Zhang, Weijie, Jun Zhao, Wenkai Liu, Zhangzhi Tan, and Hanfa Xing. "Geographically Weighted Flow Cross K-Function for Network-Constrained Flow Data." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 12796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412796.
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Network-constrained spatial flows are usually used to describe movements between two spatial places on a road network. The analysis of the spatial associations between different types of network-constrained spatial flows plays a key role in understanding the spatial relationships among different movements. However, existing studies usually do not consider the effect of distance decay, which may reduce the effectiveness of the detected bivariate spatial flow patterns. Moreover, most existing studies are based on the planar space assumption, which is not suitable for network-constrained spatial flows. To overcome these problems, this study proposed a new statistical method, the Geographically Weighted Network Flow Cross K-function, which improves the Flow Cross K-Function method by taking the distance decay effect and the constraints of road networks into account. Both global and local versions are extended in this study: the global version measures the overall spatial association and the local version identifies the exact locations where a spatial association occurs. The experiments on simulated datasets show that the proposed method can identify predefined bivariate flow patterns. In a case study, the proposed method is also applied to flow data comprising Xiamen taxi and ride-hailing datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively identifies the competitive relationships between taxi and ride-hailing services.
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Mohamadkhani, Mohammad, and Aydin Shishegaran. "Identifying Associations between Local Drought and Global Sea Surface Temperature." Journal of Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 8, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jrset.vol8iss3pp1-4.
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It is clear that droughts have a fundamental impact on many different elements of society. To reduce the drought-related losses, it is necessary to give decision makers visibility into relationships of oceanic-atmospheric parameters that cause drought. The main target of this paper is to show the efficiency of data mining methods (especially association rules mining) for Identifying the associations between local droughts and large scale oceanic-atmospheric climate phenomena such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST). In this paper, association rules mining technique was offered to discover affiliation between drought of Urmia synoptic station (located in Iran) and de-trend SSTs of the Black, Mediterranean and Red Seas. To examine the accuracy of the rules, the confidence measures of the rules were calculated and compared for different considering lag times. The computed measures confirm reliable performance of the association rules mining method to monitor local drought so that the confidence between the monthly Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) values and the de-trend SST of seas is higher than 87 percent.
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Sharifian, Neika, A. Zarina Kraal, and Laura Zahodne. "Depressive Symptoms, Leisure Activity Engagement, and Global Cognition in Non-Hispanic White and Black Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2224.
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Abstract Prior research has linked more depressive symptoms to worse global cognition in older adulthood through lower leisure activity engagement. Less is known regarding which types of activities drive these associations. Additionally, depressive symptoms disproportionately affect cognition in Non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) versus Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). This cross-sectional study used data from the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project (n=453, 52% NHB, Mage=63.60 years) to examine whether distinct leisure activities (solitary-cognitive, solitary-creative, community-social, physical, intergenerational-social, cognitive-games) mediated the association between depressive symptoms and global cognition and whether race moderated these associations. Lower engagement in solitary-cognitive activities partially mediated the negative association between depressive symptoms and global cognition. In multi-group models, this indirect effect was only evident in NHBs, who showed a stronger negative association between depressive symptoms and activity engagement than NHWs. While cross-sectional, findings indicate that depressive symptoms may negatively impact cognition by reducing engagement in activities that promote cognitive reserve.
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Segundo, Pablo San, and Diego Rodriguez-Losada. "Robust Global Feature Based Data Association With a Sparse Bit Optimized Maximum Clique Algorithm." IEEE Transactions on Robotics 29, no. 5 (October 2013): 1332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tro.2013.2264869.
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Hannum, Gregory, Rohith Srivas, Aude Guénolé, Haico van Attikum, Nevan J. Krogan, Richard M. Karp, and Trey Ideker. "Genome-Wide Association Data Reveal a Global Map of Genetic Interactions among Protein Complexes." PLoS Genetics 5, no. 12 (December 24, 2009): e1000782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000782.
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Strimbu, Bogdan M., Andrei Paun, Alexandru Amarioarei, Mihaela Paun, and Victor F. Strimbu. "Efficient synthetic generation of ecological data with preset spatial association of individuals." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 51, no. 8 (August 2021): 1148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0490.
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Many experiments cannot feasibly be conducted as factorials. Simulations using synthetically generated data are viable alternatives to such factorial experiments. The main objective of the present research is to develop a methodology and platform to synthetically generate spatially explicit forest ecosystems represented by points with a predefined spatial pattern. Using algorithms with polynomial complexity and parameters that control the number of clusters, the degree of clusterization, and the proportion of nonrandom trees, we show that spatially explicit forest ecosystems can be generated time efficiently, which enables large factorial simulations. The proposed method was tested on 1200 synthetically generated forest stands, each of 25 ha, using 10 spatial indices: Clark–Evans aggregation index; Ripley’s K; Besag’s L; Morisita’s dispersion index; Greig–Smith index; the size dominance index of Hui; index of nonrandomness of Pielou; directional index and mean directional index of Corral–Rivas; and size differentiation index of Von Gadow. The size of individual trees was randomly generated aiming at variograms such as real forests. We obtained forest stands with the expected spatial arrangement and distribution of sizes in less than 1 h. To ensure replicability of the study, we have provided free, fully functional software that executes the stated tasks.
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Ismail, Lizah, and Warren Bareiss. "Global Jukebox." Charleston Advisor 22, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.22.1.24.
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The Global Jukebox (GJ) is an ambitious project initiated by the Association for Cultural Equity at New York’s Hunter College. Its main mission is to make available the extensive audio field recordings, pictures, and films studied by the legendary ethnomusicologist Alan Lomax and his colleagues accessible to the public for study. In the current beta version, the Global Jukebox has numerous navigation issues that could challenge even the seasoned web user. The methodological basis of data collection and analysis also deservers further explication. However, despite these weaknesses, there is much to be said for what GJ offers users. Whether spending hours moving around regions song by song or exploring familial cultural roots, users will be inspired to learn about the respective cultures and musical forms, thus fulfilling GJ’s education mission.
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Singh, Gurinderbeer, Sreeraman Rajan, and Shikharesh Majumdar. "A Fast-Iterative Data Association Technique for Multiple Object Tracking." International Journal of Semantic Computing 12, no. 02 (June 2018): 261–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x18400135.
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A massive amount of video data is recorded daily for forensic post analysis and computer vision applications. The analyses of this data often require multiple object tracking (MOT). Advancements in image analysis algorithms and global optimization techniques have improved the accuracy of MOT, often at the cost of slow processing speed which limits its applications only to small video datasets. With the focus on speed, a fast-iterative data association technique (FIDA) for MOT that uses a tracking-by-detection paradigm and finds a locally optimal solution with a low computational overhead is introduced. The performance analyses conducted on a set of benchmark video datasets show that the proposed technique is significantly faster (50–600 times) than the existing state-of-the-art techniques that produce a comparable tracking accuracy.
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Chen, Ting-Chen, M. K. Yau, and Daniel J. Kirshbaum. "Assessment of Conditional Symmetric Instability from Global Reanalysis Data." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 2425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0221.1.
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Abstract Slantwise convection, the process by which moist symmetric instability is released, has often been linked to banded clouds and precipitation, especially in frontal zones within extratropical cyclones. Studies also suggest that the latent heat release associated with slantwise convection can lead to a spinup of surface frontogenesis, which can enhance the rapid intensification of extratropical cyclones. However, most of these studies considered only local areas or short time durations. In this study, we provide a novel statistical investigation of the global climatology of the potential occurrence of slantwise convection, in terms of conditional symmetric instability, and its relationship with precipitating systems. Using the 6-hourly ERA-Interim, two different indices are calculated, namely, slantwise convective available potential energy (SCAPE) and vertically integrated extent of realizable symmetric instability (VRS), to assess the likelihood of occurrence of slantwise convection around the globe. The degree of association is quantified between these indices and the observed surface precipitation as well as the cyclone activity. The susceptibility of midlatitude cyclones to slantwise convection at different stages of their life cycle is also investigated. As compared to the nonexplosive cyclone cases, the time evolution of SCAPE and VRS within rapidly deepening cyclones exhibit higher values before, and a more significant drop after, the onset of rapid intensification, supporting the idea that the release of symmetric instability might contribute to the intensification of storms.
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Elveren, Adem Yavuz, and Hale Kırmızıoğlu. "Financial Development and Female Labor Income Share: Evidence from Global Data." World Journal of Applied Economics 8, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22440/wjae.8.1.3.
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While there has been sizable literature on the effect of financial development on growth, inequality, and poverty, there are fewer studies on its impact on female labor force participation or women’s wellbeing. Using a novel dataset, this paper investigates the association between the dimensions of financial development and female labor income share for 156 countries for the period of 1991-2019 to contribute to the literature on the role of financial development in improving women’s wellbeing. The findings show that financial development is positively associated with women’s income in high-income countries but not in low-income countries. The main implication of the study is that financial development in poor countries is not sufficiently inclusive enough to create economic opportunities for women.
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Ekwomadu, Theodora, Mulunda Mwanza, and Alfred Musekiwa. "Mycotoxin-Linked Mutations and Cancer Risk: A Global Health Issue." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 7754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137754.
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Humans continue to be constantly exposed to mycotoxins, mainly through oral exposure (dietary), inhalation, or dermal contact. Recently, it has been of increasing interest to investigate mycotoxin-linked carcinogenicity. This systematic review was conducted to synthesize evidence of the association between mycotoxin-linked mutations and the risk of cancer, to provide an overview of the data linking exposure to different mycotoxins with human cancer risk, and to provide an update on current research on the risk of cancer associated with human exposure to mycotoxins. PRISMA guidelines were used when conducting the systematic review. PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL electronic databases were comprehensively searched to extract the relevant studies published from inception to May 2022. A total of sixteen relevant studies (4907 participants) were identified and included in this review. Of these, twelve studies were from Asia, while four of the studies were conducted in Africa. The overall meta-analysis result found no significant association, although some of the studies confirmed an association between mycotoxin-linked mutations and primary liver cancer risk. Mainly, the experimental studies have shown associations between mycotoxin-linked mutations and cancer risk, and there is a need for researchers to confirm these links in epidemiological studies in order to guide public health policies and interventions.
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Yeck, William L., John M. Patton, Caryl E. Johnson, David Kragness, Harley M. Benz, Paul S. Earle, Michelle R. Guy, and Nicholas B. Ambruz. "GLASS3: A Standalone Multiscale Seismic Detection Associator." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 109, no. 4 (May 14, 2019): 1469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120180308.
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Abstract The automated global real‐time association of phase picks into seismic sources comes with unique challenges when simultaneously monitoring at local, regional, and global scales. High spatial variability in seismic station density, transitory seismic data availability, and time‐varying noise characteristics of individual stations must be considered in the design of an associator that is fast and accurate with a low false association rate. These challenges are particularly apparent at the U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), which monitors seismicity in near‐real time on local, regional, and global scales using seismic data from roughly 2100 real‐time seismic stations. To fully leverage this large dataset, NEIC developed a standalone self‐configuring seismic phase associator, GLobal ASSociator 3 (GLASS3) that simultaneously processes variably scaled 3D association webs, each with a unique set of nucleation criteria (e.g., nucleation stack threshold). GLASS3 has many useful features for real‐time monitoring including its computational efficiency, instantaneous pick processing, and on‐the‐fly configurability such as the creation and removal of targeted association webs and updates to supporting station metadata. GLASS3 runs both as part of a real‐time event processing system and as a configurable standalone associator that can be applied to a large variety of seismic problems. Here, we describe the GLASS3 algorithm and demonstrate (including input data and configuration files) its use in associating phase‐ambiguous picks on multiple scales.
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Kwok, Kaitlyn, Neha Sati, Louis Dron, and Srinivas Murthy. "Data flow within global clinical trials: a scoping review." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 4 (April 2022): e008128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008128.
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ObjectiveTo document clinical trial data flow in global clinical trials published in major journals between 2013 and 2021 from Global South to Global North.DesignScoping analysisMethodsWe performed a search in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to retrieve randomised clinical trials published between 2013 and 2021 from The BMJ, BMJ Global Health, the Journal of the American Medical Association, the Lancet, Lancet Global Health and the New England Journal of Medicine. Studies were included if they involved recruitment and author affiliation across different country income groupings using World Bank definitions. The direction of data flow was extracted with a data collection tool using sites of trial recruitment as the starting point and the location of authors conducting statistical analysis as the ending point.ResultsOf 1993 records initially retrieved, 517 studies underwent abstract screening, 348 studies underwent full-text screening and 305 studies were included. Funders from high-income countries were the sole funders of the majority (82%) of clinical trials that recruited across income groupings. In 224 (73.4%) of all assessable studies, data flowed exclusively to authors affiliated with high-income countries or to a majority of authors affiliated with high-income countries for statistical analysis. Only six (3.2%) studies demonstrated data flow to lower middle-income countries and upper middle-income countries for analysis, with only one with data flow to a lower middle-income country.ConclusionsGlobal clinical trial data flow demonstrates a Global South to Global North trajectory. Policies should be re-examined to assess how data sharing across country income groupings can move towards a more equitable model.
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Bakal, Jeffrey A., Justin A. Ezekowitz, Cynthia M. Westerhout, Eric Boersma, and Paul W. Armstrong. "Association of global weather changes with acute coronary syndromes: gaining insights from clinical trials data." International Journal of Biometeorology 57, no. 3 (July 19, 2012): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-012-0565-3.
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Najafi, Ehsan, Indrani Pal, and Reza Khanbilvardi. "Data of variability and joint variability of global crop yields and their association with climate." Data in Brief 23 (April 2019): 103745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.103745.
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Gu, Wenjuan, Hyungwon Choi, and Debashis Ghosh. "Global Associations between Copy Number and Transcript mRNA Microarray Data: An Empirical Study." Cancer Informatics 6 (January 2008): CIN.S342. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cin.s342.
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With an increasing number of cancer profiling studies assaying both transcript mRNA and copy number expression levels, a natural question then involves the potential to combine information across the two types of genomic data. In this article, we perform a study to assess the nature of association between the two types of data across several experiments. We report on several interesting findings: 1) global correlation between gene expression and copy number is relatively weak but consistent across studies; 2) there is strong evidence for a cis-dosage effect of copy number on gene expression; 3) segmenting the copy number levels helps to improve correlations.
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Qu, Chengzhi, Yan Zhang, Xin Zhang, and Yang Yang. "Reinforcement Learning-Based Data Association for Multiple Target Tracking in Clutter." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 6595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226595.
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Data association is a crucial component of multiple target tracking, in which each measurement obtained by the sensor can be determined whether it belongs to the target. However, many methods reported in the literature may not be able to ensure the accuracy and low computational complexity during the association process, especially in the presence of dense clutters. In this paper, a novel data association method based on reinforcement learning (RL), i.e., the so-called RL-JPDA method, has been proposed for solving the aforementioned problem. In the presented method, the RL is leveraged to acquire available information of measurements. In addition, the motion characteristics of the targets are utilized to ensure the accuracy of the association results. Experiments are performed to compare the proposed method with the global nearest neighbor data association method, the joint probabilistic data association method, the fuzzy optimal membership data association method and the intuitionistic fuzzy joint probabilistic data association method. The results show that the proposed method yields a shorter execution time compared to other methods. Furthermore, it can obtain an effective and feasible estimation in the environment with dense clutters.
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McCabe, Gregory J., and David M. Wolock. "Joint Variability of Global Runoff and Global Sea Surface Temperatures." Journal of Hydrometeorology 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2008): 816–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jhm943.1.
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Abstract Global land surface runoff and sea surface temperatures (SST) are analyzed to identify the primary modes of variability of these hydroclimatic data for the period 1905–2002. A monthly water-balance model first is used with global monthly temperature and precipitation data to compute time series of annual gridded runoff for the analysis period. The annual runoff time series data are combined with gridded annual sea surface temperature data, and the combined dataset is subjected to a principal components analysis (PCA) to identify the primary modes of variability. The first three components from the PCA explain 29% of the total variability in the combined runoff/SST dataset. The first component explains 15% of the total variance and primarily represents long-term trends in the data. The long-term trends in SSTs are evident as warming in all of the oceans. The associated long-term trends in runoff suggest increasing flows for parts of North America, South America, Eurasia, and Australia; decreasing runoff is most notable in western Africa. The second principal component explains 9% of the total variance and reflects variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its associated influence on global annual runoff patterns. The third component explains 5% of the total variance and indicates a response of global annual runoff to variability in North Atlantic SSTs. The association between runoff and North Atlantic SSTs may explain an apparent steplike change in runoff that occurred around 1970 for a number of continental regions.
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Zhang, Jingwen, Joseph Ibrahim, Tengfei Li, and Hongtu Zhu. "A Powerful Global Test Statistic for Functional Statistical Inference." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 5765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33015765.
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We consider the problem of performing an association test between functional data and scalar variables in a varying coefficient model setting. We propose a functional projection regression model and an associated global test statistic to aggregate relatively weak signals across the domain of functional data, while reducing the dimension. An optimal functional projection direction is selected to maximize signal-to-noise ratio with ridge penalty. Theoretically, we systematically study the asymptotic distribution of the global test statistic and provide a strategy to adaptively select the optimal tuning parameter. We use simulations to show that the proposed test outperforms all existing state-of-the-art methods in functional statistical inference. Finally, we apply the proposed testing method to the genome-wide association analysis of imaging genetic data in UK Biobank dataset.
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Cameron, Sarah. "Civic engagement in times of economic crisis: a cross-national comparative study of voluntary association membership." European Political Science Review 13, no. 3 (February 23, 2021): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773921000060.
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AbstractDo economic crises mobilize or depress civic engagement? This paper examines this question by analysing cross-national trends in voluntary association membership in the context of the global financial crisis. A mobilization hypothesis suggests that an economic crisis would increase membership in voluntary associations, as these associations provide citizens a channel for interest articulation and aggregation facilitating their response to the crisis. A retreat hypothesis, on the other hand, suggests that an economic crisis would depress voluntary association membership, as people have fewer resources to be involved in these associations at a time of crisis. To test these hypotheses, this paper examines data on voluntary association memberships from the World Values Survey in 14 democratic countries, fielded before and after the global financial crisis hit in 2008. The results support the retreat hypothesis. Following the crisis, there was a decline in voluntary association memberships overall and countries harder hit by the crisis were more likely to experience declines. There was no evidence of mobilization among those more vulnerable to the crisis. Rather, the profile of those engaged in voluntary associations was similar before and after the crisis, skewed towards those better off in society, including those with higher education levels, higher incomes, and in paid employment.
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Zhang, Lifeng. "Systematically Exploring Associations among Multivariate Data." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 04 (April 3, 2020): 6786–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.6158.
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Detecting relationships among multivariate data is often of great importance in the analysis of high-dimensional data sets, and has received growing attention for decades from both academic and industrial fields. In this study, we propose a statistical tool named the neighbor correlation coefficient (nCor), which is based on a new idea that measures the local continuity of the reordered data points to quantify the strength of the global association between variables. With sufficient sample size, the new method is able to capture a wide range of functional relationship, whether it is linear or nonlinear, bivariate or multivariate, main effect or interaction. The score of nCor roughly approximates the coefficient of determination (R2) of the data which implies the proportion of variance in one variable that is predictable from one or more other variables. On this basis, three nCor based statistics are also proposed here to further characterize the intra and inter structures of the associations from the aspects of nonlinearity, interaction effect, and variable redundancy. The mechanisms of these measures are proved in theory and demonstrated with numerical analyses.
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Tao, Ye, Shuaitong Guo, Hui Li, Ruichun Hou, Xiangqian Ding, and Dianhui Chu. "Entity Relationship Modeling for IoT Data Fusion Driven by Dynamic Detecting Probe." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (July 8, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2427155.
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To solve the problem of integrating and fusing scattered and heterogeneous data in the process of data space construction, we propose a novel entity association relationship modeling approach driven by dynamic detecting probes. By deploying acquisition units between the business logic layer and data access layer of different applications and dynamically collecting key information such as global data structure, related data, and access logs, the entity association model for enterprise data space is constructed from three levels: schema, instance, and log. At the schema association level, a multidimensional similarity discrimination algorithm combined with semantic analysis is used to achieve the rapid fusion of similar entities; at the instance association level, a combination of feature vector-based similarity analysis and deep learning is used to complete the association matching of different entities for structured data such as numeric and character data and unstructured data such as long text data; at the log association level, the association between different entities and attributes is established by analyzing the equivalence relationships in the data access logs. In addition, to address the uncertainty problem in the association construction process, a fuzzy logic-based inference model is applied to obtain the final entity association construction scheme.
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Ihnatova, Zuzana, and Ina Kováčová Bečková. "Brands and their Association Networks." Creative and Knowledge Society 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cks-2016-0011.
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Abstract Purpose of the article One of the approaches how to create a concept of a brand is a form of identifying association network in the mind of the consumer and creating semantic maps composed of all associations that are largely shaped by cultural values of consumers. Methodology/methods In the first phase, the author of the study was detecting the associations connected with the Mexican brand alcoholic beer Corona Extra using focus group with a sample of 15 respondents (Slovak students). In the second phase, she analysed the data found in the context of Slovak cultural values and compared them with the results of the secondary research (German and Spanish students). Scientific objective The article highlights the importance of understanding cultural values of the target market for the management and brand communication across cultures. The main objective of the survey was to determine how the Slovak respondents perceive selected sample of global brand, to compare the findings of a secondary survey conducted at German and Spanish students, and in the final phase of the research to analyse the data found in the context of the cultural dimensions of respondents. Findings On one hand, the associations formed by consumers about Corona Extra mutually differ depending on the countries surveyed. On the other hand, they correspond to the cultural values of the nation, and thus confirm the strong influence of the cultural aspects of the brand perception. Conclusions The presented article confirms, that there will always be an open space for the extensive research in global marketing and cross-cultural differences in consumer behaviour. Exploring cultural aspects of communication of global brands will benefit not only in terms of increasing the efficiency of advertising campaigns, but also for the mutual knowledge and understanding between cultures.
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McInnes, Gregory, Yosuke Tanigawa, Chris DeBoever, Adam Lavertu, Julia Eve Olivieri, Matthew Aguirre, and Manuel A. Rivas. "Global Biobank Engine: enabling genotype-phenotype browsing for biobank summary statistics." Bioinformatics 35, no. 14 (December 5, 2018): 2495–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty999.
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Abstract Summary Large biobanks linking phenotype to genotype have led to an explosion of genetic association studies across a wide range of phenotypes. Sharing the knowledge generated by these resources with the scientific community remains a challenge due to patient privacy and the vast amount of data. Here, we present Global Biobank Engine (GBE), a web-based tool that enables exploration of the relationship between genotype and phenotype in biobank cohorts, such as the UK Biobank. GBE supports browsing for results from genome-wide association studies, phenome-wide association studies, gene-based tests and genetic correlation between phenotypes. We envision GBE as a platform that facilitates the dissemination of summary statistics from biobanks to the scientific and clinical communities. Availability and implementation GBE currently hosts data from the UK Biobank and can be found freely available at biobankengine.stanford.edu.
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Gupta, R., S. Gupta, S. Sharma, D. N. Sinha, and R. Mehrotra. "Association of smokeless tobacco and cerebrovascular accident: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data." Journal of Public Health 42, no. 2 (May 8, 2019): e150-e157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdz054.
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Abstract Background The association of smokeless tobacco (SLT) with stroke has been dealt with in only a few reviews. The present meta-analysis aims to present the updated comprehensive summary risk of stroke in adult SLT users along with sub group analysis. Methods A systematic literature search for articles evaluating risk of stroke in SLT users was conducted. The study characteristics and risk estimates were extracted independently by two authors (RG and SG). Random-effect model was used to estimate the summary relative risks. Results The overall risk of stroke in SLT users was found to be significantly higher (1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.30) compared to non-users, especially for users in Southeast Asian region. The results remained unchanged even after strict adjustment for smoking (1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.32). SLT users had 1.34 times or 13.4% higher risk of fatal stroke, though risk of nonfatal stroke was not enhanced. Significantly higher risk of stroke was seen in users of chewing tobacco (1.35, 95% CI 1.20–1.50) in comparison to non-chewers. Gender-based analysis showed enhanced risk of fatal stroke in both male and female users. SLT-attributable fraction of fatal stroke was highest for India at 14.8%. Conclusion The significant higher risk of stroke with SLT use, even after adjustment for smoking, emphasizes the imperative need to include SLT cessation advice for control and prevention of stroke.
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Zhao, Jun, and Carlos Ferran. "Business school accreditation in the changing global marketplace." Journal of International Education in Business 9, no. 1 (May 3, 2016): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jieb-02-2016-0001.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine current trends in business accreditation by describing and comparing the major international business accreditation agencies (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, European Quality Improvement System, Association of MBAs, Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs and International Assembly for Collegiate Business Education), and analyze their recent market expansion strategies (development and penetration using Ansoff model) as they compete for the schools seeking initial or continuing accreditation. Design/methodology/approach This is a comparative study of the business accreditation agencies and their competitive strategies, using publically available data such as lists of accredited schools published by the agencies as main data collection method. Findings Business accreditation agencies have utilized the market penetration and market development strategies to expand their market share in recent years. The key growth areas are international schools, regional teaching-oriented institutions, two-year institutions and for-profit institutions. Research limitations/implications This study is based on publically available data published by accreditation agencies. More in-depth analysis with survey method could be utilized in future study to identify more specific strategies and their impact on business schools seeking accreditation. Practical implications Accreditation is no longer a luxury but a requirement for business schools, but they have to make an informed decision on which agency to pursue to assure an appropriate fit. Social implications The public needs to understand the value and the requirements of accreditation. Multiple agencies provide different options to fit the missions of the different types of schools. Originality/value This study is valuable to business school stakeholders for understanding accreditation, the need for accreditation and the options they have available.
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Zhao, Qin, Yuchao Li, Xinhong Hei, and Mingsong Yang. "A Graph-Based Method for IFC Data Merging." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (July 26, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8782740.
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Collaborative work in the construction industry has always been one of the problems solved by BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology. The integration of IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) data as a general building information standard is one of the indispensable functions in collaborative work. The most practical approach of merging IFC data depends on GUID (Global Universal Identifier) comparison at present. However, GUID is not stable in current applications and often changes when exported. The intact representation of relationships between IFC entities is an essential prerequisite for proper association of IFC entities in IFC mergence. This paper proposes a graph-based method for IFC data merging. The IFC data are represented as a graphical data structure, which completely preserves the relationship between IFC entities. IFC mergence is accomplished by associating other data with an isomorphic graph that is obtained by mining the IFC graph. The feasibility of the method is proven by a program, and the method can ignore the impacts of GUID and other factors.
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Lasker, Jordan, Bryan J. Pesta, John G. R. Fuerst, and Emil O. W. Kirkegaard. "Global Ancestry and Cognitive Ability." Psych 1, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 431–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psych1010034.
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Using data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we examined whether European ancestry predicted cognitive ability over and above both parental socioeconomic status (SES) and measures of eye, hair, and skin color. First, using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, we verified that strict factorial invariance held between self-identified African and European-Americans. The differences between these groups, which were equivalent to 14.72 IQ points, were primarily (75.59%) due to difference in general cognitive ability (g), consistent with Spearman’s hypothesis. We found a relationship between European admixture and g. This relationship existed in samples of (a) self-identified monoracial African-Americans (B = 0.78, n = 2,179), (b) monoracial African and biracial African-European-Americans, with controls added for self-identified biracial status (B = 0.85, n = 2407), and (c) combined European, African-European, and African-American participants, with controls for self-identified race/ethnicity (B = 0.75, N = 7,273). Controlling for parental SES modestly attenuated these relationships whereas controlling for measures of skin, hair, and eye color did not. Next, we validated four sets of polygenic scores for educational attainment (eduPGS). MTAG, the multi-trait analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) eduPGS (based on 8442 overlapping variants) predicted g in both the monoracial African-American (r = 0.111, n = 2179, p < 0.001), and the European-American (r = 0.227, n = 4914, p < 0.001) subsamples. We also found large race differences for the means of eduPGS (d = 1.89). Using the ancestry-adjusted association between MTAG eduPGS and g from the monoracial African-American sample as an estimate of the transracially unbiased validity of eduPGS (B = 0.124), the results suggest that as much as 20%–25% of the race difference in g can be naïvely explained by known cognitive ability-related variants. Moreover, path analysis showed that the eduPGS substantially mediated associations between cognitive ability and European ancestry in the African-American sample. Subtest differences, together with the effects of both ancestry and eduPGS, had near-identity with subtest g-loadings. This finding confirmed a Jensen effect acting on ancestry-related differences. Finally, we confirmed measurement invariance along the full range of European ancestry in the combined sample using local structural equation modeling. Results converge on genetics as a potential partial explanation for group mean differences in intelligence.
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Schweitzer, Johannes, and Thorne Lay. "IASPEI: its origins and the promotion of global seismology." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 10, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-10-173-2019.
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Abstract. International cooperation in seismology emerged rapidly at the beginning of the 20th century following the successful recording of earthquakes at great distances. The International Seismological Association (ISA) founded in 1904 was dissolved in 1922 and evolved into the Seismology Section of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), ultimately becoming the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI) to recognize the important role of the structure and physical properties of the Earth. Through the last hundred years, the commissions and working groups of the association have played a major role in setting international standards in such areas as the naming of seismic phases, data exchanges, travel-time tables, magnitude scales, and reference Earth models. The activities of IASPEI continue to have a focus on the societal impacts of earthquakes and tsunamis, with four regional commissions playing a major role in promoting high standards of seismological education, outreach, and international scientific cooperation.
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Gupta, Ruchika, Sanjay Gupta, Shashi Sharma, Dhirendra N. Sinha, and Ravi Mehrotra. "Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Smokeless Tobacco Users: Results of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Global Data." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty002.
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Abstract Background Use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) products has been linked to multiple adverse effects, especially precancer and cancer of oral cavity. However, the association of SLT use with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is shrouded with controversy due to conflicting results in the literature. The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the risk of CHD among adult ever-users of SLT products along with sub-group analysis. Methods The analysis included studies retrieved from a systematic literature search for published articles assessing risk of CHD with SLT use. Two authors independently extracted risk estimates and study characteristics of the included studies. Summary relative risks were estimated using the random-effect model. Results Twenty studies from four WHO regions were included in the analysis. The summary risk of CHD in SLT users was not significantly positive (1.05, 95% CI = 0.96 to 1.15) although a higher risk of fatal CHD was seen (1.10, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.20). The risk was significant for users in European Region (1.30, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.47). The results remained unchanged even after strict adjustment for smoking. Product-wise analysis revealed a significant positive association of fatal CHD with snus/snuff use (1.37, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.61). The SLT-attributable fraction of fatal CHD was calculated to be 0.3%, highest being for European region (5%). Conclusion A significant positive association was detected between SLT use and risk of fatal CHD, especially for European users and those consuming snus/snuff. In view of the positive association even after strict adjustment for smoking, these results underscore the need for inclusion of cessation efforts for smokeless tobacco in addition to smoking for control of fatal cardiovascular diseases. Implications The present meta-analysis demonstrates a global perspective of association between coronary heart disease (CHD) and use of smokeless tobacco (SLT), especially for fatal cardiac events, even with strict adjustment for smoking. There appears to be some difference in this effect based on the type of SLT product used. These results highlight the independent deleterious effect of SLT products on the outcome of CHD and might help to resolve the long-standing controversy regarding the association of SLT with the risk of CHD. Hence, we propose that in addition to smoking, cessation efforts should be directed towards SLT products as well, for control of cardiovascular diseases.
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SHARMA, DR MONIKA. "A CASE STUDY ON GLOBAL BUSINESS OF SPORTS LEAGUE." International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research And Studies 05, no. 04 (April 26, 2022): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33826/ijmras/v05i04.3.
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Huge investments have been carried out in sports teams and professional sports leagues all over the world. There are different sports that are popular in different parts of the world. In the United States, it's American Football, in Europe and UK it is Football (soccer); in the Indian sub-continent and Australia, it is Cricket that attracts the largest crowd. The research analyses this business of investments in sports leagues around the world. The paper looks at the potential interest in investing in clubs and team franchises of sports leagues. The aim of this paper was to find out the attractiveness and risks, economically and financially, involved in the Global business of sports leagues and the Involvement of business in the field of sports and critically analyze different business models used in the field of sports leagues for conducting business globally. The research utilized the primary data through questionnaires, case studies, and secondary data through government agencies like the census bureau, information compiled for sale by commercial vendors, data published by universities, government, equity research, reports, trade association newsletter, etc. The research concluded sports have always been a unique game of business for players and investing organizations. However, the research recommended the franchise business model used for the business is the appropriate model for conducting business in the field of sports leagues.
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SHARMA, DR MONIKA. "A CASE STUDY ON GLOBAL BUSINESS OF SPORTS LEAGUE." International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research And Studies 05, no. 04 (April 26, 2022): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33826/ijmras/v05i04.3.
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Huge investments have been carried out in sports teams and professional sports leagues all over the world. There are different sports that are popular in different parts of the world. In the United States, it's American Football, in Europe and UK it is Football (soccer); in the Indian sub-continent and Australia, it is Cricket that attracts the largest crowd. The research analyses this business of investments in sports leagues around the world. The paper looks at the potential interest in investing in clubs and team franchises of sports leagues. The aim of this paper was to find out the attractiveness and risks, economically and financially, involved in the Global business of sports leagues and the Involvement of business in the field of sports and critically analyze different business models used in the field of sports leagues for conducting business globally. The research utilized the primary data through questionnaires, case studies, and secondary data through government agencies like the census bureau, information compiled for sale by commercial vendors, data published by universities, government, equity research, reports, trade association newsletter, etc. The research concluded sports have always been a unique game of business for players and investing organizations. However, the research recommended the franchise business model used for the business is the appropriate model for conducting business in the field of sports leagues.
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Felix C Aguboshim, Ifeyinwa N Obiokafor, and Anastasia O Emenike. "Sustainable data governance in the era of global data security challenges in Nigeria: A narrative review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.2.0154.
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Data are now valued as the new oil that powers the world economy. Globally, Big data technologies have intensified the need for Sustainable Data Governance (SDG). Significant empirical evidence from literature revealed that about 2.7 zettabytes of data now in the digital universe are being threatened by cybercrime incidents that are on the rise globally. Despite the importance of SDG and cyber security, only 67% of organizations globally deployed data governance or data intelligence solutions, while 46% including Nigeria had no formal governance strategy in place. This study highlights strategies to leverage good security measures for SDG. The authors adopted the Data Management Association (DAMA) International Guide to the Data Management Body of Knowledge (DMBOK) (DAMA-DMBOK) as a conceptual framework for this study. The narrative review methodology was adopted, where related research findings from peer-reviewed articles are used to draw holistic findings that revealed significant information on strategies for leveraging excellent security practices within SDG for economic empowerment. Results show that data governance, a fundamental part of cyber security, ensures that the right people have the right access, while Information Security ensures that Enterprise Data is safe and locked down. Cyber security is at the core of ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and availability of organizations’ data and leveraging data governance program that ensures that safe data is accessible across the organization in a controlled manner. The result of this study may increase understanding, and awareness of the need for information security to leverage SDG required for economic empowerment.
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Edelman, Alison, Emily R. Boniface, Victoria Male, Sharon T. Cameron, Eleonora Benhar, Leo Han, Kristen A. Matteson, Agathe Van Lamsweerde, Jack T. Pearson, and Blair G. Darney. "Association between menstrual cycle length and covid-19 vaccination: global, retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data." BMJ Medicine 1, no. 1 (September 2022): e000297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000297.
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ObjectivesTo identify whether covid-19 vaccines are associated with menstrual changes in order to address concerns about menstrual cycle disruptions after covid-19 vaccination.DesignGlobal, retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data.SettingInternational users of the menstrual cycle tracking application, Natural Cycles.Participants19 622 individuals aged 18-45 years with cycle lengths of 24-38 days and consecutive data for at least three cycles before and one cycle after covid (vaccinated group; n=14 936), and those with at least four consecutive cycles over a similar time period (unvaccinated group; n=4686).Main outcome measuresThe mean change within individuals was assessed by vaccination group for cycle and menses length (mean of three cycles before vaccination to the cycles after first and second dose of vaccine and the subsequent cycle). Mixed effects models were used to estimate the adjusted difference in change in cycle and menses length between the vaccinated and unvaccinated.ResultsMost people (n=15 713; 80.08%) were younger than 35 years, from the UK (n=6222; 31.71%), US and Canada (28.59%), or Europe (33.55%). Two thirds (9929 (66.48%) of 14 936) of the vaccinated cohort received the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) covid-19 vaccine, 17.46% (n=2608) received Moderna (mRNA-1273), 9.06% (n=1353) received Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), and 1.89% (n=283) received Johnson & Johnson (Ad26.COV2.S). Individuals who were vaccinated had a less than one day adjusted increase in the length of their first and second vaccine cycles, compared with individuals who were not vaccinated (0.71 day increase (99.3% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.96) for first dose; 0.56 day increase (0.28 to 0.84) for second dose). The adjusted difference was larger in people who received two doses in a cycle (3.70 days increase (2.98 to 4.42)). One cycle after vaccination, cycle length was similar to before the vaccine in individuals who received one dose per cycle (0.02 day change (99.3% confidence interval −0.10 to 0.14), but not yet for individuals who received two doses per cycle (0.85 day change (99.3% confidence interval 0.24 to 1.46)) compared with unvaccinated individuals. Changes in cycle length did not differ by the vaccine’s mechanism of action (mRNA, adenovirus vector, or inactivated virus). Menses length was unaffected by vaccination.ConclusionsCovid-19 vaccination is associated with a small and likely to be temporary change in menstrual cycle length but no change in menses length.
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Chaudhari, VijayaLaxman, CharutaJaykumar Godbole, PrajaktaParag Gandhe, NithyaJaideep Gogtay, and UrmilaMukund Thatte. "Association of bacillus calmette guerin vaccine strains with COVID-19 morbidity and mortality – evaluation of global data." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 46, no. 4 (2021): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_103_21.
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Anbar, Rayan, Salahaden R. Sultan, Lamia Al Saikhan, Mohammed Alkharaiji, Nishi Chaturvedi, Rebecca Hardy, Marcus Richards, and Alun Hughes. "Is carotid artery atherosclerosis associated with poor cognitive function assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination? A systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (April 2022): e055131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055131.
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ObjectivesTo determine associations between carotid atherosclerosis assessed by ultrasound and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a measure of global cognitive function.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched up to 1 May 2020 to identify studies assessed the associations between asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis and the MMSE. Studies reporting OR for associations between carotid plaque or intima-media thickness (cIMT) and dichotomised MMSE were meta-analysed. Publication bias of included studies was assessed.ResultsA total of 31 of 378 reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria; together they included 27 738 participants (age 35–95 years). Fifteen studies reported some evidence of a positive association between measures of atherosclerosis and poorer cognitive performance in either cross-sectional or longitudinal studies. The remaining 16 studies found no evidence of an association. Seven cross-sectional studies provided data suitable for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of three studies that assessed carotid plaque (n=3549) showed an association between the presence of plaque and impaired MMSE with pooled estimate for the OR (95% CI) being 2.72 (0.85 to 4.59). An association between cIMT and impaired MMSE was reported in six studies (n=4443) with a pooled estimate for the OR (95% CI) being 1.13 (1.04 to 1.22). Heterogeneity across studies was moderate to small (carotid plaque with MMSE, I2=40.9%; cIMT with MMSE, I2=4.9%). There was evidence of publication bias for carotid plaque studies (p=0.02), but not cIMT studies (p=0.2).ConclusionsThere is some, limited cross-sectional evidence indicating an association between cIMT and poorer global cognitive function assessed with MMSE. Estimates of the association between plaques and poor cognition are too imprecise to draw firm conclusions and evidence from studies of longitudinal associations between carotid atherosclerosis and MMSE is limited.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021240077.
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Kabli, Fatima, Reda Mohamed Hamou, and Abdelmalek Amine. "Protein Classification Using N-gram Technique and Association Rules." International Journal of Software Innovation 6, no. 2 (April 2018): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2018040106.
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The knowledge extraction process from biological data is increasingly being considered, it addresses general issues such as grouping, classification and association; The Protein classification is an important activity for the biologist to respond to biological needs. For this reason, the authors present a global framework inspired by the knowledge extraction process from biological data to classified proteins from their primary structure based on the association rules. This framework has three main steps: The first one is, the pre-processing phase, consists of extracting descriptors by N-Gram technique. The second is the extraction of associations rules, applying the Apriori algorithm. The third step is selecting the relevant rules, and applied the classifier. The experiments of this technique were performed on five classes of protein, extracted from UniProt data bank and compared with five classification methods in the WEKA platform. The obtained results satisfied the authors' purpose to propose an effective protein classifier supported by the N-gram technique and the Apriori algorithm.
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COLANTONE, ITALO, and PIERO STANIG. "Global Competition and Brexit." American Political Science Review 112, no. 2 (March 25, 2018): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055417000685.
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We show that support for the Leave option in the Brexit referendum was systematically higher in regions hit harder by economic globalization. We focus on the shock of surging imports from China over the past three decades as a structural driver of divergence in economic performance across U.K. regions. An IV approach supports a causal interpretation of our finding. We claim that the effect is driven by the displacement determined by globalization in the absence of effective compensation of its losers. Neither overall stocks nor inflows of immigrants in a region are associated with higher support for the Leave option. A positive association only emerges when focusing on immigrants from EU accession countries. The analysis of individual data suggests that voters respond to the import shock in a sociotropic way, as individuals tend to react to the general economic situation of their region, regardless of their specific condition.
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Lv, Yang, Chenwei Ma, Xiaohan Li, and Min Wu. "Big data driven COVID-19 pandemic crisis management: Potential approach for global health." Archives of Medical Science 17, no. 3 (May 6, 2021): 829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms/133522.
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IntroductionInformation has the power to protect against unexpected events and control any crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Since COVID-19 has already rapidly spread all over the world, only technology-driven data management can provide accurate information to manage the crisis. This study aims to explore the potential of big data technologies for controlling COVID-19 transmission and managing it effectively.Material and methodsA systematic review guided by PRISMA guidelines has been per�formed to obtain the key elements.ResultsThis study identified the thirty-two most relevant documents for qualitative analysis. This study also reveals 10 possible sources and 8 key applications of big data for analyzing the virus infection trend, transmission pattern, virus association, and differences of genetic modifications. It also explores several limitations of big data usage including unethical use, priva�cy, and exploitative use of data.ConclusionsThe findings of the study will provide new insight and help policymakers and administrators to develop data-driven initiatives to tackle and manage the COVID-19 crisis.
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Cooper, Andrew F. "“Rising” States and Global Reach: Measuring “Globality” among BRICS/MIKTA Countries." Global Summitry 4, no. 1 (2018): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/global/guz002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Global reach is equated with national ambition. In the contemporary international system, one measure of global reach for states is their inclusion in global summits. This association is particularly compelling for putative “rising” states from the Global South, among the BRICS (China, India, and Brazil) and also a less well-known forum, MIKTA (Mexico, South Korea, Turkey, and Indonesia) groupings. Yet the standard means of examining the attributes of rising states via country specific and impressionistic studies appears to reveal that these rising powers are similar in many respects but there are significant differences as well. To help identify these differences we turn to a concept and data referred to as “globality.” We believe that this concept is helpful in more accurately analyzing the global reach of rising Global South countries. Though not that well known in the international relations literature, globality emphasizes agency by self-aware actors. Globality can be operationalized by tracing certain dimensions: institutional/diplomatic range; trade profile; and the trajectory of official development assistance. Broadly, the conclusion drawn from such a globality analysis substantiates a sharp distinction between the BRICS members and the MIKTA countries. The BRICS countries have some considerable capacity for global reach while it turns out that the MIKTA countries are regionally entrapped and thus less capable of global projection. Moreover, the specifics in terms of this pattern of differentiation are salient as well. The overall confirmation of an interconnection between subjective impressions of hierarchy and objective measurements of global projection, underscore the contrast between BRICS and MIKTA in summitry dynamics.