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1
Getman, Victoria. "Global challenges in higher education." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16637.
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Häusler, Michele. "Global Governance and Global Public Policy Networks An Assessment of the UN Global Compact /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/03603735001/$FILE/03603735001.pdf.
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RADEMAKER, CAMILA DE SOUSA BRAGA. "THE CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL CORPORATE STRATEGIES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4226@1.
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A Globalização promove inúmeras oportunidades para as
empresas incluindo o acesso a múltiplos mercados, novas
receitas, conhecimentos e tecnologias capazes de
incrementar sua competitividade. Paralelamente, gera uma
série de ameaças num ambiente crescente de instabilidade
mundial que provém de conflitos geopolíticos e sociais,
alguém de riscos econômico-financeiros. Mais ainda, a
solidicação de um sistema econômico global em
desequilíbrio
é um dos principais motivos dos conflitos e dos riscos.
Estas vertentes da Globalização, tanto positivas quanto
negativas, causam distúrbios e oscilações agressivas aos
mercados criando desafios à gestâo estratégica
corporativa
global. As abordagens teóricas do processo de
Globalização
das empresas, disponíveis na literatura levam em conta as
vertentes de ameaças e oportunidades, no entanto de forma
desordenada. Este estudo propõe uma análise qualitativa
das
principais abordagens existentes com o objetivo de
identificar os desafios da gestão corporativa de empresas
em
transformação global sob essas duas vertentes. Mais
ainda,
demonstra que a busca de alternativas para sua
sobrevivência e independência doméstica, requer a revisão
da forma de suas funções administrativas e a formulação e
implementação de suas estratégias, de maneira a definir a
estrutura necessária para a expansão de seus negócios. É
demonstrado também que vislumbrar novos mercados requer
diversas habilidades dinâmicas, mas também sistematização
para administrar desafios externos e internos.Globalization provides several opportunities to companies, including access to multiple markets, new revenues, knowledge and technologies, that increases their competitivity. On the other hand, it generates a series of threats within an environment of worldwide growing instability, originated from social and geopolitical conflicts, together with financial and economical risks. Moreover, the solidification of an unstable global economical system is at the heart of such conflicts and risks. Such aspects of the Globalization process, both the positive and negative ones, may cause aggressive disturbances and oscillations in the markets creating challenges to the global corporate strategic management. The modern approaches to managerial globalization process take into account both these aspects, opportunities and threats, however in an unordered way. In this work we present a qualitative analysis of the main approaches to global companies, aiming to pinpoint the challenges of corporate management of companies under globalization. Moreover, we demonstrate that a search for alternatives to a company's survival and domestic independence requires a change of perspective regarding their administrative functions and the formulation and implementation of their strategies, in order to define the necessary infrastructure to allow its business growth. It is also shown that a search for new markets requires several dynamic abilities but also a systematic method to manage internal and external challenges.
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Сабадаш, Віктор Володимирович, Виктор Владимирович Сабадаш, Viktor Volodymyrovych Sabadash, and D. Kharchenko. "Innovation management: global and corporate challenges." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/87427.
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Дослідено ключові виклики й зміни у сфері менеджменту (зокрема корпоративного) ті інноваційний інструментарій в умовах гібридної роботи.The key challenges and changes in the field of management (including corporate) and innovative tools in the context of hybrid work are studied.
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Hamza, Aziz, and Salman Zulfiqar. "Challenges to Born Global SMEs : A study on overcoming the challenges that are faced by born global SMEs." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-47872.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore the challenges that are faced by born global SMEs and how they overcome these challenges. Method: For literature review and secondary research, data and information has been gathered from disciplines of international entrepreneurship. Primary research has been done on four born global firms; two from Sweden and two from Pakistan. Qualitative research and analysis has been used in the study. Originality: This study contributes to literature by covering some missing portions in born global discipline. In this research, effort is made to compile various challenges that are faced by born global firms, through literature review. The report further has focused on overcoming these challenges by gathering information through primary research. Conclusion: The research has concluded that there are certain challenges that are faced by born global firms in their international business development. These challenges are internal as well as external. Despite these challenges and problems, born global firms are able to achieve their position in international market by overcoming these challenges through building networks and competency alliances with partners situated internationally.
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Winkler, Nguyen Beate. "Global Education| Assets and Challenges for Global Competency in Catholic Schools." Thesis, Loyola Marymount University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10929796.
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Global education for global competency in Catholic schools of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles is neither defined nor aligned as a priority for its 21st-century learners. Various schools within the Department of Catholic Schools address global competency through world languages, dual-language immersion, activities, or programs, but no specific global education focus permeates the entire district. The relevance of global competency for nearly 80,000 students from Early Childhood (EC) programs/PreK–12th grade (high school) Catholic schools in Los Angeles is not just a curricular necessity or spiritual aspiration, it is, at its core, a question of social justice, particularly for students of color and first-generation immigrants who live mostly in underserved communities.
This study analyzes whether PreK–12th-grade Catholic schools of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles have unique assets, as well as what challenges the district would face if it were to adapt a more formalized approach to global education. The study researches whether diverse community cultural wealth, demographics, mission, innovation, and Catholic social teachings align or hinder the development of a global education curriculum that addresses the universally adopted United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2030. The study investigates urgency, opportunity, scalability, and sustainability for this social justice priority. This inquiry also attempts to answer why a globally connected organization, such as the Roman Catholic Church in Los Angeles and its school system, is not virtually connected in its own worldwide network in order to promote global competency for its 21st-century learners.
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Oginski, Pawel, and Rockie Ssengonzi. "Effective Adaptation to Global and Humanitarian Challenges." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18144.
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Problem If current trends in disasters are anything to go by, we can expect more complex disasters in the future as a population, perhaps already weakened by conflict, climate or disease, is hit by a natural disaster. This then requires a multifaceted and complex intervention of humanitarian actors. Therefore, the adaptations increasingly require identification of themes to mitigate the complex vulnerabilities that come with these challenges like reforms, collaboration and specialization of tasks between humanitarian organizations inter alia. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to identify the underlying factors that lead to global and humanitarian challenges in order to suggest effective adaptations to address them in the preparedness phase. Methodology The paper takes a qualitative approach, adopting a phenomenological research. In depth interviews are used to identify the most outstanding themes and patterns in sync with the humanitarian challenges and adaptations identifies in the AlertNet Poll (2011) and DARA humanitarian response index (2011). The themes are used to narrate solutions to the research questions Findings The results suggest that the adaptations identified in the reports regulate humanitarian and global challenges. The humanitarian challenges effective adaptations to overcome these challenges have been identified but not limited to collaboration of humanitarian logistics actors, emphasis on preparedness and disaster risk reduction and the unification of relief and developmental policies and frameworks to ensure long term planning and assessment of disasters Conclusion The research concludes that disaster risk reduction and preparedness, humanitarian logistics reforms and collaboration in all humanitarian aspects are the most effective adaptation to the global and humanitarian challenges. If current trends in disasters are anything to go by, we can expect more complex disasters in the future as a population, perhaps already weakened by conflict, climate or disease, is hit by a natural disaster. This then requires a multifaceted and complex intervention of humanitarian actors. Therefore, the adaptations increasingly require identification of themes to mitigate the complex vulnerabilities that come with these challenges like reforms, collaboration and specialization of tasks between humanitarian organizations inter alia. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to identify the underlying factors that lead to global and humanitarian challenges in order to suggest effective adaptations to address them in the preparedness phase. Methodology The paper takes a qualitative approach, adopting a phenomenological research. In depth interviews are used to identify the most outstanding themes and patterns in sync with the humanitarian challenges and adaptations identifies in the AlertNet Poll (2011) and DARA humanitarian response index (2011). The themes are used to narrate solutions to the research questions Findings The results suggest that the adaptations identified in the reports regulate humanitarian and global challenges. The humanitarian challenges effective adaptations to overcome these challenges have been identified but not limited to collaboration of humanitarian logistics actors, emphasis on preparedness and disaster risk reduction and the unification of relief and developmental policies and frameworks to ensure long term planning and assessment of disasters Conclusion The research concludes that disaster risk reduction and preparedness, humanitarian logistics reforms and collaboration in all humanitarian aspects are the most effective adaptation to the global and humanitarian challenges.
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Björklund, Malin. "Terracotta Vessels : Food storage addressing global challenges." Thesis, Konstfack, Industridesign, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7848.
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Terracotta vessels are about understanding how we can store food by using a new product solution and how we could use less energy and waste less food in doing so. This project is an attempt to minimise the energy usage in our homes but also to gain greater understanding about the food we choose to bring into our homes and what we can do to avoid throwing it away.
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Bornelind, Patrik. "Challenges in forecasting management for global companies." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264218.
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In today’s fast-moving world, a company´s ability to align with changes in the market is becoming a major competitive factor. Demand forecasting form the basis of all supply chain planning and is a process that companies often fail to recognize as a key contributor to corporate success. Different contexts and market dynamics creates different challenges for companies to overcome in order to have an efficient forecasting process, matching demand with supply. This master thesis looks at the whole forecasting process, also called forecasting management, at a decentralized global company to identify the main challenges within the process and propose recommendations on how to overcome them. The research is based on a single case study where the forecasting process is investigated using four different dimensions: Functional Integration, Approach, Systems and Performance Measurements. The study identified twelve challenges in the forecasting process where a majority can be connected to issues within information sharing and lack of support in the process. Based on the identified challenges, eight improvement suggestions where developed to target the challenges and improving the process for a decentralized global company.I dagens snabbt utvecklande och växande landskap så är ett företags förmåga att anpassa sig till marknadens behov en betydande konkurrensfaktor. Säljprognoser utgör grunden för all planering inom försörjningskedjan och är en process som företag ofta inte erkänner som en viktig bidragsgivare till företagets framgång. Olika marknadslandskap och förutsättningar skapar olika utmaningar för företag att bemästra för att kunna bedriva ett effektivt prognosarbete och matcha efterfrågan med utbud. Detta examensarbete tittar på hela prognosprocessen, även kallad prognoshantering, hos ett decentraliserat globalt företag för att identifiera de viktigaste utmaningarna i processen och föreslå rekommendationer om hur man kan övervinna dem. Forskningen bygger på en enda fallstudie där prognosprocessen undersöks utifrån fyra olika dimensioner: Funktionell integration, strategi, system och prestandamätningar. Studien identifierade tolv utmaningar i prognosprocessen där en majoritet kan kopplas till utmaningar inom informationsdelning och brist på stöd i processen. Baserat på de identifierade utmaningarna utvecklades åtta förbättringsåtgärder för att övervinna utmaningarna och förbättra processen för ett decentraliserat globalt företag.
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Basova, Kateryna Andriivna, and Катерина Андріївна Басова. "Foremost global challenges: causes and possible consequences." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51616.
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1. Альжанова Ф., Б. Хусаінов Глобальні виклики: генезис і природа / Альжанова Ф., Хусаінов Б. - Економічний вісник, 2016. - 28-41 с.
2. Геоэкономический словарь-справочник. — Одесса: ИПРЭЭИ НАНУ. В.
А. Дергачев. 2004.
3. Философия: Энциклопедический словарь. — М.: Гардарики. Под редакцией А.А. Ивина. 2004.
4. Тойнби А.Дж. Постижение истории. Москва: Айрис-Пресс; 2006. – 640 с.
5. Mitt Romney, Rising to a New Generationof Global Challenges.// Foreign Affairs.-July/August 2007 / URL: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2007-07-01/ rising-new-generation-global-challenges
6. Challenge 2020: Twenty Global Problems/ NAIS Initiatives/ http://www.nais.
org/Articles/Pages/Challenge-20-20-Twenty-Global-Problems.aspxIn today’s world, when the number of dangers for humanity is growing, and the question of their unresolvedness arises more and more, it is advisable to consider the concepts of global challenges, problems, threats and risks and their relationship, to better understand the nature of each. At this stage, humanity is faced with a number of issues that need to be addressed immediately and that arose in the last century. Global problems - (from the Latin. Globus (terrae) - the globe) - a set of vital, affecting humanity as a whole, and unsolvable within individual states and even geographical regions, problems. Global problems came to the fore in the twentieth century as a result of a significant increase in population and a sharp intensification of the production process in industrial society [3]. Global issues include: preventing thermonuclear warfare; reduction of rapid population growth («population explosion» in developing countries); prevention of catastrophic pollution of the environment, especially the atmosphere and the oceans; ensuring further economic development with the necessary natural resources, especially non-renewable ones; bridging the gap in living standards between developed and developing countries; elimination of hunger, poverty and illiteracy, etc.
У сучасному світі, коли кількість небезпек для людства зростає, і питання про їх невирішеність постає дедалі більше, доцільно розглянути поняття глобальних викликів, проблем, загроз та ризиків та їх взаємозв'язок, щоб краще зрозуміти природу кожного. На цьому етапі перед людством постає низка питань, які потребують негайного вирішення і виникли в минулому столітті. Глобальні проблеми - (від лат. Globus (terrae) - глобус) - сукупність життєво важливих, що впливають на людство в цілому, і нерозв'язних в межах окремих держав і навіть географічних регіонів проблем. Глобальні проблеми вийшли на перший план у ХХ столітті внаслідок значного збільшення чисельності населення та різкої інтенсифікації виробничого процесу в індустріальному суспільстві [3]. Світові проблеми включають: запобігання термоядерній війні; зменшення швидкого приросту населення («вибух населення» в країнах, що розвиваються); запобігання катастрофічному забрудненню довкілля, особливо атмосфери та океанів; забезпечення подальшого економічного розвитку необхідними природними ресурсами, особливо невідновлюваними; подолання розриву в рівні життя між розвиненими країнами та країнами, що розвиваються; усунення голоду, бідності та неписьменності тощо.
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Ільяшенко, Анастасія, and Anastasiia Ilyashenko. "Global challenges in the system of international economic relations." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43560.
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Abstracts are devoted to the study of global challenges of the 21st century. Now, the question arises of international cooperation and interaction in times of crisis that affect the economic capacity of individual countries, regions and the whole world. It would seem that under the influence of globalization processes all the countries of the world should establish channels of cooperation and become competitive. But since 2020, there has been an increasing need for new solutions to global problems and for new approaches to deal with critical situations.
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Hoffman, Steven Justin. "Reimagining international law to address global health challenges." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0024/document.
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Cette thèse présente trois études qui imaginent à nouveaux frais la définition et le rôle du droit international dans la réponse que l’on peut apporter aux menaces transnationales contre la santé et aux inégalités sociales. Le premier chapitre évalue les capacités qu’ont les lois internationales traditionnelles de promouvoir la santé mondiale, en étudiant en particulier quand et pourquoi des traités internationaux sur la santé peuvent être utiles. Une synthèse de 90 évaluations d’impact quantitatif de traités passés a été réalisée et un cadre analytique a été développé. Le deuxième chapitre s’appuie sur ce travail pour évaluer une large gamme de possibilités de travailler en vue d’une action mondiale collective portant sur la résistance aux antimicrobiens, dont celles qui impliquent la construction d’institutions, la conception d’incitations et la mobilisation d’intérêts. Ce chapitre soutient que leur impact sur le monde réel dépend de relations d’imputabilité fortes. Le troisième chapitre porte cette thèse au-delà des notions westphaliennes traditionnelles d’action collective en s’intéressant à la question de savoir si de nouvelles technologies perturbatrices peuvent théoriquement produire les mêmes effets de régulation sur les questions de santé au niveau mondial que des lois internationales négociées par les États. Dans un premier temps, ce chapitre présente un modèle relativement simple d’apprentissage automatique qui quantifie automatiquement la pertinence, la qualité scientifique et le sensationnalisme des articles et valide ce modèle à partir d’un corpus de 163 433 articles de presse mentionnant les pandémies récentes de SARS et de H1N1This dissertation presents three studies that reimagine the definition and role of international law to address transnational health threats and social inequalities. The first chapter assesses opportunities for traditional international laws to promote global health, specifically examining when and why global health treaties may be helpful. Evidence from 90 quantitative impact evaluations of past treaties was synthesized and an analytic framework was developed. The second chapter builds on this work by evaluating a broad range of opportunities for working towards global collective action on antimicrobial resistance, including those that involve building institutions, crafting incentives and mobilizing interests. This chapter argues that their real-world impact will depend on strong accountability relationships. The third chapter takes this dissertation beyond traditional Westphalian notions of collective action by exploring whether new disruptive technologies can theoretically provide the same global regulatory effects on health matters as state-negotiated international laws. As a first move, this chapter presents a relatively simple machine-learning model that automatically quantifies the relevance, scientific quality and sensationalism of news media records, and validates the model on a corpus of 163,433 news records mentioning the recent SARS and H1N1 pandemics
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Ulziit, Bayarbuyan, and Zeeshan Akhtar Warraich. "Challenges and Mitigation Strategies in Global Software Maintenance." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2346.
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Context. Global software development (GSD) has become a significant practice in software industry due to rapid globalization processes and technological advances. In GSD, software development activities are carried at geographically distributed locations by collaboration of people with different background and culture. In this study, we studied an area of global software maintenance from both of state of the art and state of practice in order to understand which challenges are hampering the effectiveness of distributed maintenance team as well as which mitigation strategies can appease their impact. Objectives. The study unravels challenges of global software maintenance and alleviation strategies to address to those challenges by methodically reviewing relevant studies and industrial practitioners’ experiences. It also explores the convergence and divergence between the outcome from scientific studies and industrial settings Methods. Data collection processes are done through systematic literature review and industrial interviews. In the systematic review a variety of article sources are queried, including Compendex, Inspec, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Wiley Inter Science, Scopus, Science Direct, ISI WOS and Springer Link. Interviews are conducted with five practitioners from 4 different multinational organizations. As data analysis methods, grounded theory and qualitative comparative analysis are applied. Results. Totally, 90 different challenges and 73 strategies were revealed. Unlike most of similar studies in GSD which used 3C categorization (Communication, Control and Coordination), we come up with a different view as we called 3PT which conceptualizes challenges and strategies into People, Process, Product and Technology factors. Conclusions. We conclude that collaborative processes and their clear definitions among all maintenance stakeholders are one of the critical success factors of effective maintenance in global collaboration. Most importantly, a maintenance management should focus on the holistic improvement of each factor in 3PT and their synergy can contribute much to the successful software maintenance in globally distributed environment.We found that collaborative processes and their clear definitions among all maintenance stakeholders are one of the critical success factors of effective maintenance in global collaboration. Most importantly, a maintenance management should focus on the holistic improvement of each factor in 3PT and their synergy can contribute much to the successful software maintenance in globally distributed environment.
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Kapatus, N. V. "Global nuclear disarmament: consequences and challenges for Ukraine." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81358.
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Кваліфікаційна магістерська робота присвячена дослідженню причин та наслідків ядерного роззброєння України та оцінці перспектив повернення ядерного статусу. Досліджено історію розробки та поширення ядерної зброї. Оцінено роль та вплив країн, що мають ядерну зброю, на міжнародній політичній арені. Проаналізовано причини та наслідки ядерного роззброєння України. Оцінено перспективи та загрози повернення ядерного статусу України.The master’s thesis focuses on the study of the causes and consequences of Ukraine's nuclear disarmament and prospects of returning Ukraine's nuclear status. The history of development and proliferation of nuclear weapons is studied. The role and influence of countries with nuclear weapons in the international political arena are assessed. The causes and consequences of Ukraine's nuclear disarmament have been analyzed. Prospects and threats to return of Ukraine's nuclear status are estimated.
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Iqbal, Muzammil. "Intrachip global communication evaluation of challenges and optical solutions /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 209 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251904841&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Wong, See-yuen Gina. "Global feminisms in feminist art and their new challenges." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38697245.
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Wong, See-yuen Gina, and 黃思源. "Global feminisms in feminist art and their new challenges." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38697245.
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Mosarwa, Magdeline Tsholo. "Botswana's role in the global economy : opportunities and challenges." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/70662.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As the world globalises there is need for economic integration. These integration processes can be both regional and global Africa as one of the world's continents is not immune to these integrations; regions within the continent have formed trade blocs which enhance economic development for individual member states of such blocs. Even though these countries are not equal in terms of economic development the ultimate goal is to have sustainable economic development and be able to compete in the global world. Botswana is one country with such aspirations and dreams. This paper addresses the role of Botswana in the global economy; highlighting its opportunities and challenges. Botswana has been a success story in Africa, with its GOP per capita increasing from less than US$2 000 in 1975 to around USSIO 000 in 2005, recording economic growth rates of over seven per cent. The country's economy has been heavily reliant on mining. tourism. manufacturing and agriculture. Diamonds are by far the most important source of income for Botswana, accounting for more than 70 per cent of total export earnings. The satisfactory performance of the financial sector impacts on overall development and the diversification of the economy. In its efforts to integrate and strengthen bilateral relations with bigger market economies, Botswana is a signatory to a number of trade agreements such as World Trade Organisation (WTO), Cotonou, Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), Africa Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) and Southern African Customs Union (SA CU). As a member of the WTO, the inclusion of China into the organisation implies that Chinese products are now highly competitive when compared to Botswana products due to lower production costs enjoyed by Chinese finns. Chinese finns also enjoy competitive advantage in US markets where Botswana exports some of its textile products under AGOA. However, the country has enjoyed productive relationships with the European countries since its colonial period and through the Cotonou agreement, which was signed between the European Community and the Africa, Caribbean and Pacific countries. Botswana is also a signatory to regional blocs such as the SADC through which it has agreed on a number of economic issues such as trade, gender, water resources, peace and security, democracy and good governance. Through the SADe, member states such as Botswana are able to lobby for support or form partnerships with developed nations such as Sweden. By being a member of SACU, Botswana can export to a large market and complement its smaller domestic market. As players in the global economy, countries are exposed to many challenges and opportunities. There are opportunities for attracting more investment into the country due to its excellent economic performance. Investment can be attracted in financial and manufacturing sectors through encouraging private-public partnerships. This paper discusses some of the growth sectors in the economy and how they can be enhanced to contribute to sustainable development. It is also worth mentioning that Botswana faces challenges such as HIV/AIDS and unemployment. By being landlocked, the country is relatively expensive for investors to manufacture locally and export to foreign countries, which dampens the attraction of foreign direct investment. Some of these challenges and opportunities experienced by Botswana can serve as lessons for other African countries.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Soos die globaliseringsproses wereIdwyd vorder is daar ook 'n proses van toenemende ekonomiese integrasie, wereldwyd en op 'n streeksbasis. Afrika neem ook deel aan die proses. In die verskillende streke van die kontinent is handelsblokke besig om te ontplooi. AI is hierdie lande nog ver agter in die internasionale mededingingsproses strewe hulle daarna om op 'n volhoubare manier internasionaal mee te ding. Botswana het beslis die mikpunt. Hierdie studie spreek Botswana se rol in die wyer streeks- en internasionale ekonomie aan. Die land word algemeen beskou as 'n ontwikkelingsukses, met 'n BBP per capita toename van US$2 000 in 1975 tot US$I0 000 in 2005, en 'n gemiddelde jaarlikse groeikoers van meer as sewe persent. Die landsekonomie is sterk afhanklik van die mynbousektor, landbou, toerisme en fabriekswese, met diamante tot 70 persent van uitvoere. As deel van die proses om nouer in te skakel by die groter markte het Botswana by 'n reeks ooreenkomste aangesluit, naamlik die Wereld Handelsorganisasie, die Cotonou-ooreenkoms, die SADC, AGOA en SACU. Terwyl die aansluiting by hierdie ooreenkomste Botswana se uitvoermarkte uitgebrei het, het Sjina se aansluiting by die WTO vir Botswana se nywerhede groter mededinging veroorsaak. Aan die ander kant het die lidmaatskap van Botswana by die SADC en Sacu vir die land baie geleenthede geopen om meer effektief te pleit en te onderhandel vir ekonomiese, sosiale en ander ontwikkelingsvoordele, veral waar Botswana se eie bevolking en markte so klein is. Om 'n beeld te kry van die uitwerking van die stappe van Botswana word in die studie ook gekyk na ontwikkelingstendense in spesifieke sektore asook na pogings om buitelandse kapitaal na die land te trek. Terselfdertyd moet besef word dat Botswana vanwee sy hoe HIV/Vigs koers tans en in die toekoms te kampe het met 'n reeks heel spesiale struikelblokke wat die ontwikkelingsproses beinvloed.
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Vavilichev, M. D. "Perspectives on global competitiveness in terms of modern challenges." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81375.
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У роботі досліджено значимість конкурентоспроможності національної економіки в умовах сучасних торгівельних відносин між країнами. Проведено кількісний та якісний аналіз внутрішніх та зовнішніх факторів, які впливають на позиції у світовій економіці та визначають подальший економічний розвиток. Основною метою цього дослідження є розробка рекомендації щодо підвищення конкурентопроможності в умовах сучасних викликів та загроз.The master’s theses focused on significance of the competitiveness of the national economy in the conditions of modern trade relations between the countries is. Exerted quantitative and qualitative analysis of internal and external factors that affect the position in the world economy and determine further economic development. The main purpose of this study is to develop a recommendation to increase country’s competitiveness in modern challenges and threats.
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Singh, Jagdeep. "Beyond Waste Management : Challenges to Sustainable Global Physical Resource Management." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186517.
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Current physical resource management (PRM) was investigated in a global perspective in this thesis, to gain a deeper understanding of its implications in a sustainability perspective. In particular, the main challenges to the current PRM system and the kinds of systemic changes needed for sustainable PRM were examined. In five separate studies, different theoretical and practical challenges to current PRM approaches were analysed. A descriptive literature review, causal loop diagrams and semi-structured interviews were performed to gather qualitative and quantitative inferences. Perspectives from industrial ecology, life cycle thinking, systems thinking and environmental philosophy were then applied to analyse global resource/waste management issues. The analysis resulted in an overview of the global ecological sustainability challenges to current PRM and identification of major challenges to the global waste management system. Causal loop diagrams were used to qualitatively analyse the structure and behaviour of production and consumption systems responsible for unintended environmental consequences of purposive actions to improve material and energy efficiencies. Ways in which resource quality could be maintained throughout the system of production and consumption systems were determined by identifying challenges facing product designers while closing the material loops. A planning framework was devised to operationalise the sustainable development demands in society, including production and consumption systems. A broader systems approach is proposed for future sustainable global PRM, focusing on ensuring societal functions within the human activity system. The approach involves designing and managing anthropogenic stocks of physical resources to reduce inflows of physical resources and outflows of wastes and emissions. Life cycle-based databases linking resource consumption with waste generation are needed for improved global PRM.I denna avhandling undersöktes fysisk resursanvändning i ett globalt perspektiv, för att få en djupare förståelse av dess konsekvenser i ett hållbarhetsperspektiv. Framför allt undersöktes de största utmaningarna med den aktuella fysiska resurshanteringen och vilka typer av systemförändringar som krävs för en hållbar fysisk resurshantering. I fem studier analyserades olika teoretiska och praktiska utmaningar för den nuvarande fysiska resurshanteringen. Litteraturstudier, kausala loopdiagram och semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes för att samla kvalitativ och kvantitativ information. Perspektiv från industriell ekologi, livscykeltänkande, systemtänkande och miljöfilosofi tillämpades för att analysera globala resurs- och avfallshanteringsfrågor. Analysen resulterade i en översikt av den nuvarande fysiska resurshanteringens globala ekologiska hållbarhetsutmaningar och identifiering av stora utmaningar för den globala avfallshanteringen. Kausala loopdiagram användes för att kvalitativt analysera strukturen och beteendet hos de produktions- och konsumtionssystem som gör att ändamålsenliga åtgärder för att förbättra material- och energieffektivitet får oavsiktliga negativa miljökonsekvenser. Hur resurskvalitet kan upprätthållas i produktions- och konsumtionssystemen som helhet bestämdes genom att identifiera de utmaningar som produktdesigners möter när de sluter kretslopp av material. En planeringsmodell utformades för att operationalisera kraven på hållbar utveckling i samhället, bland annat produktions- och konsumtionssystem. Ett bredare systemtänkande föreslås för en hållbar global fysisk resursförvaltning i framtiden, med fokus på att säkerställa samhällsfunktioner inom det mänskliga aktivitetssystemet. Tillvägagångssättet innebär att utforma och hantera antropogena fysiska resurser i syfte att: minska inflödet av fysiska resurser; och utflödet av avfall och utsläpp. Livscykelbaserade databaser som länkar resursanvändning till avfallsgenerering behövs för att förbättra den globala fysiska resursförvaltningen.
QC 20160516
India4EU
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Asree, Susita. "Challenges in the Global Supply Chain: Exploitation versus Exploration Strategy." Toledo, Ohio : University of Toledo, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1271874448.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2010.Typescript. "Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Doctor of Philosophy in Manufacturing Management and Engineering." "A dissertation entitled"--at head of title. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 158-180.
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Nidhra, Srinivas, and Muralidhar Yanamadala. "Knowledge Transfer Challenges and Mitigation Strategies in Global Software Development." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2213.
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Context: In this thesis we considered Knowledge Transfer (KT) in Global Software Development (GSD) from both the state of art and state of practice, in order to identify what are the challenges that hamper the success of KT in global software teams, as well as to find out what are the mitigation strategies that can be practiced to overcome these challenges. Objectives: The main objective of this research is to find an in-depth understanding of knowledge transfer challenges and mitigation strategies from both literature studies and industrial experienced employees. It also identifies the similarities and differences of challenges and strategies from literature studies and industrial experienced employees. The overall aim of this work is to provide a list of mitigation strategies to challenges, as guidelines to enable successful knowledge transfer in GSD. Methods: In order to fulfill the aim of the research, we collected the data through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and industrial interviews. Through SLR we found 35 articles relevant to our objectives. The data is extracted from those articles and conclusions are drawn. The relevant data is collected from databases such as Engineering village, ACM Digital Library, Science Direct, Wiley Inter Science, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and IEEE Xplore. We conducted 8 interviews from 8 different multinational companies. For analyzing the data we used grounded theory and qualitative comparative analysis. Results: In total, 72 different challenges and 107 mitigation strategies were identified from both SLR and interview results. In most of the studies, KT challenges in GSD are categorized into 3Cs (Communication, Control and Coordination). We also came up with a different view known as 2PT which conceptualizes the KT challenges and strategies into Personnel, Project and Technology factors. Conclusions: In future, researchers have to focus on the personnel, project and technology factors for implementing an effective KT process. From a practitioner‘s view, the results can be used to identify critical factors for effective KT. The challenges to KT show to what extent these results can be industrially applicable.Srinivas Nidhra S/O Nidhra. Bikshamaiah H No:8-3-230/C/40, Plot No:351, Yousufguda, Venkatagiri, Hyderabad, Pin:500045 Andhra Pradesh, India. phone: 04023545378 Muralidhar, S/O Y. Rama Rao, Prasad leboratories, Jaggampeta, Andhra Pradesh, India, pin: 533435 phone: +919885995887
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Udovenko, Olga Andreevna, and Ольга Андріївна Удовенко. "Global challenges at the beginning of the twenty-first century." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51662.
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1.Ryhtik MP Evoluciaponiat «bezopasnost»: vid «zhostkihugroz» do
«miagkihvizova» // Sovremennyeproblemymyrovoypolitikibezopasnost, konflikty I ihanaliz / Pod red. MM Lebedevoy. - M.: Aspect-Press,2002. - 257 p.
2.Tymkiv Y. Osoblivosty ta klasyfikaciasuchasnyhzagroznacionalnoy ta mizhnarodnoybezpeci / Y. Tymkiv //Naukoviyvisnyk. Odeskiyderzhavniyuniversitet. - 2006. - № 11 (31). - 221.
3.Artushin LM Teoretichniaspectystrategiyvoennoibezpekisuspilstva I derzhavi. Monograph / LM Artushin, GF Kostenko. - Kharkiv: Vid-vo Nat. untuvnutr. case, 2003. - 178 p.
4. Kaminska NV Influence of globalization and regionalization on modern international legal relations / NV Kaminska // Actual problems of international relations. - Vip. 120. - Ch. 1. - 2014. - P.
5. Lukianchenko DG Global Economic Integration: Monograph / DG Lukianenko. - К .: TОV «Nаc.pіdruchnik », 2008. - 318.
POLIT.Challenges of science today, 5-9 April 2021
6. Bodruk OS Structures of military security: national and international aspects: Monograph / OS Bodruk.- К: NPPMB, 2001. - 295 p.
7.Filipenko A. S. Civilizations of economic development / A. S. Filipenko. - K., 2003. - 281 p.Global Challengeschanged completely at the Beginning of the Twenty First Century. The emergence of new threats and challenges has forced the governments to a review traditional approaches of security issues. The peculiarity of the conditions is that the dominant global threat to peace and the interests of the superpowers has been replaced by a huge number of potential threats of a smaller scale, but at the same time quite serious in their consequences for stability, which affects the interests of many states, as well as members of the European community There are many classifications of threats depending on different criteria. Most scholars distinguish by the criterion of the nature of threats: political,military, economic, social, cultural, environmental and ideological .
На початку двадцять першого століття глобальні виклики повністю змінилися. Поява нових загроз і викликів змусило уряди переглянути традиційні підходи до питань безпеки. Особливість нинішніх умов полягає в тому, що на зміну домінуючої глобальну загрозу світу і інтересам наддержав прийшла величезна кількість потенційних загроз меншого масштабу, але в той же час досить серйозних за своїми наслідками для стабільності, які зачіпають інтереси багатьох держав, а також членів європейської спільноти. Існує безліч класифікацій загроз в залежності від різних критеріїв. Більшість вчених виділяють за критерієм характеру загроз: політичні, військові, економічні, соціальні, культурні, екологічні та ідеологічні.
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Johnsson, Christian, and Felix Morling. "Benefits and Challenges with Global Sourcing : A study of Swedish companies." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-16886.
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Global sourcing is an important strategy for Swedish businesses since it is a mean to gain competitive advantage which is important on the global market Swedish businesses act on. Consequently it is interesting to investigate the importance of the perceived benefits and challenges with global sourcing since these factors affect the global sourcing decision. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate how Swedish large businesses perceive the benefits and challenges with global sourcing. To be able to fulfil the purpose primary data was used which was collected through an Internet based questionnaire where the respondents were asked to rank and rate the importance of the benefits and challenges with global sourcing. The data collected was in a quantifiable form and thus quantitative tools were used to analyse the collected data. The result of the study regarding the benefits was that price clearly was perceived as the most important benefit, while counter-trade obligations were seen as the least important benefit. Regarding the challenges, longer lead times and cultural issues were seen as the most challenging aspects, while customs regulations, tariffs and quotas and discrimination from the supplier were perceived as the least important challenges. However since too few responses of the questionnaire were obtained, these results is not generalizable on other Swedish businesses than those that are represented in the sample.
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Söder, Mareike [Verfasser]. "Essays on the challenges of global land change science / Mareike Söder." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075492734/34.
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Acharya, Mod Nath, and Nazam Aslam. "Coordination in Global Software Development : Challenges, associated threats, and mitigating practices." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-6054.
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Global Software Development (GSD) is an emerging trend in today's software world in which teams are geographically dispersed, either in close proximity or globally. GSD provides certain advantages to development companies like low development cost, access to cheap and skilled labour etc. This type of development is noted as a more risky and challenging as compared to projects developed with teams under same roof. Inherently the nature of GSD projects are cooperative in which many software developers work on a common project, share information and coordinate activities. Coordination is a fundamental part of software development. GSD comprises different types of development systems i.e. insourcing, outsourcing, nearshoring, or farshoring, whatever the types of development systems selected by a company there exist the challenges to coordination. Therefore the knowledge of potential challenges, associated threats to coordination and practices to mitigate them plays a vital role for running a successful global project.
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Nekkanti, Lakshmi Sowjanya. "Impact of coordination challenges on quality of global software development projects." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13323.
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Context. Global software development (GSD) gained huge recognition in today’s business world. Most of the software companies day by day are striving hard to evolve globally where software is developed in the context of different environmental settings that are distanced on various factors like geography, timezone, culture and language. Coordination is the factor that plays one of the prominent roles in such a setting for effective teamwork and project success. Although numerous efforts has been done in this research area, there has been no proper evidence from industry about the impact of these coordination challenges on the overall quality of the software when being developed in a distributed setting. Objectives. The purpose of this study is to examine and identify the coordination challenges and risks faced in global software development projects that has a negative impact on the quality of software from practitioner’s perspective. It also identify the tools, methods, and techniques that are used in industry to overcome these challenges and maintain quality standards. Methods. The aims and objectives of our study are fulfilled by conducting survey among practitioners working in GSD projects all around the globe. Further, 10 interviews are conducted with practitioners working in different companies and geographical locations in order to gain a detailed understanding of the impact of identified coordination challenges on the quality of software in GSD projects. Results. A total of 50 survey responses are recorded, out of which 48 respondents specify that coordination challenges has a negative impact on software quality in GSD context. By the ratings given by the participants, we identified the challenges and risks that had a major impact. Mixed results are obtained during interviews where most of them prioritized coordination as a major problem in GSD projects. It also included that use of some tools, methods and processes help them in overcoming this issue. The quality attributes that are mostly affected due to the challenges in GSD projects are also identified. Conclusions. After the analysis of survey results, the coordination challenges and associated risks in GSD projects are identified. They were found to havemostly negative impact on software quality. After thematic analysis of interview results, we observed that though the impact of coordination challenges is negative, its extent of implication is moderate in most cases.
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Shevchenko, Yuliya Viktorivna, Daria Morhunova, and Юлія Вікторівна Шевченко. "Challenges and threats for Ukraine airports caused by the global pandemic." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2020. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/48926.
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Today the world has changed. Unpredictable and rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has completely shattered all the plans and strategies that have been built up over the years. The tense pandemiological situation in the world, state restrictions and the closure of borders between countries to counter
the spread of the virus has directly affected the global and domestic aviation industries. And the temporary suspension of airlines and air infrastructure, caused by a sharp drop in passenger traffic, has led not only to the bankruptcy of airlines and massive staff reductions, but also to global changes in the services of the
aviation industry as a whole. According to the results of the economic analysis "Impact of COVID-19 on
the airport business" conducted by the Airport Council International (ACI), the situation is disappointing for the global aviation industry. In particular, the airport sector expects a reduction in passenger volume by 59.6% in 2020 compared to the initial projected baseline to COVID-19 and a reduction in passengers by 58.4% compared to 2019. This is equivalent to a decrease of 5.6 billion passengers per year.Сьогодні світ змінився. Непередбачуване та швидке розповсюдження пандемії COVID-19 повністю зруйнувало всі плани та стратегії, які були побудовані протягом багатьох років. Напружена пандеміологічна ситуація у світі, державні обмеження та закриття кордонів між країнами для протидії поширення вірусу безпосередньо вплинуло на світову та вітчизняну авіаційну промисловість. А тимчасове призупинення діяльності авіакомпаній та повітряної інфраструктури, спричинене різким падінням пасажиропотоку, призвело не тільки до банкрутства авіакомпаній та масового скорочення персоналу, а й до глобальних змін у послугах авіаційна промисловість в цілому. За результатами економічного аналізу "Вплив COVID-19 на аеропортовий бізнес ", проведений Міжнародною радою аеропортів (ACI), ситуація невтішна для світової авіаційної галузі. Зокрема, аеропортовий сектор очікує скорочення обсягу пасажирів на 59,6% у 2020 році порівняно із початковим прогнозованим базовим рівнем для COVID- 19 та скорочення пасажирів на 58,4% порівняно з 2019 роком. Це еквівалентно зменшенню на 5,6 млрд пасажирів на рік.
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Embretsen, Daniel, and Labib Hyder. "Scrum in Global Software Development : An Ethnographic Case Study of Scrum's Mitigation Effects on Global Software Development Challenges." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325779.
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The increasing technological advancement and globalization has seen a rise in offshoring of IT-development, also known as Global Software Development (GSD). One of the most common countries for offshoring has been India with its increasingly competent population.The use of GSD to leverage highly skilled and low-cost labor also creates challenges in three main categories; Coordination, Control and Communication. These challenges arise due to socio-cul-tural, geographical and temporal distances.The use of the Scrum development framework is claimed by scholars to mitigate these issues. This study is grounded on Hossain, Bannerman & Jeffery’s (2011) research framework, which summa-rizes the current body of literature on Scrum’s mitigating effect on commonly occurring challenges in a GSD environment. Due to the scarcity of empirical data on the research framework, the authors of this thesis conducted an ethnographical study on location in India at Indpro, a company founded in Sweden and studied two projects. The purpose of this study is to both evaluate and provide suggestions for expansion of the Hossain et al. (2011) framework with ethnographically collected empirical support, which prior to this was primarily based on experience reports. This study also aims to identify GSD challenges and mitigation strategies that occur in the setting of an experi-enced organization conversant with Scrum methodology in a GSD context.The purpose of this study is to contribute to an increased empirical understanding of how Scrum is being used in a GSD environment, what challenges are prevalent in a distributed GSD environ-ment and how those challenges might be addressed or mitigated. In this study, parts of Hossain et al. (2011) framework are evaluated and suggestions for expanding it through mitigation strategies such as Planning, high quality ICT-Mediate Synchronous and asynchronous communication are specified. Implications for practitioners include the proposal to follow Scrum Practices more me-ticulously to receive all of Scrums inherent mitigating effects.
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Pillalamarri, Kalyani, and Mekki Mohamed. "SMEs Internationalization From Developing Countries : Challenges and Barriers." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31786.
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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a major role in the development of the nation's economy by providing employment and creating the economic growth. The management of the companies that are going international considers different motives before taking the step into the international market. The internationalization process involves risks and uncertainty significantly effected by challenges and barriers to SMEs from developing countries.
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Lindborg, Moa. "Making a Global Framework Local : Challenges and Opportunities in Agenda 2030 Localization." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157657.
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By adopting the United Nations Agenda 2030 and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals, a common path towards a sustainable world is accepted. The Agenda 2030 framework strives towards global sustainability by including all sustainability dimensions. Agenda 2030 reaches worldwide and to all authority levels. To reach the goals, implementation on the local level is central, but the process, which is called localization, is however not always simple. Since the global prerequisites and contexts vary, the implementation process will face different obstacles and challenges, yet the different nations will also see different opportunities. This study aims to examine municipality officials' views on the local implementation of the climate and environmental related goals of Agenda 2030 in order to create a deeper understanding of what makes challenges and opportunities in the process. The analysis is based on focus group interviews in three Swedish municipalities within the same county. Patterns in similar challenges and opportunities for Agenda 2030 localization are identified between the municipalities studied. A general challenge is seen in the complexity of the goals in their unity, by contrast an opportunity is seen within the own interpretation of the Agenda 2030 targets. Adopting the agenda to already existing policies are considered hard as well as the organization structure of municipalities. Yet, opportunities are seen within the local contributions to goal achievement and the use of workforce reserved for the implementation process. No general template for Agenda 2030 implementation can be identified - the process needs to be locally interpreted and adapted.
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Bergner, Nele Marisa von [Verfasser], and Edgar [Akademischer Betreuer] Kreilkamp. "Future Challenges for Global Tourism / Nele Marisa von Bergner. Betreuer: Edgar Kreilkamp." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058733834/34.
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Jiang, Chunnan, and Yue Tian. "Problems and Challenges of Global Sourcing : A Study of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12113.
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Background:Scholars tend to view global sourcing as a one-way street, whereby multinational manufacturers from developed countries purchase low-cost materials and products from developing countries. Undoubtedly, one of the purchasing bases for them is China because of its abundant resources and cheap labor. That is why China is aptly called the “Global Factory.” Conversely, few Chinese manufactures currently adopt a global sourcing strategy. However, the higher demand for technical quality and an increase in manufacturing cost is driving more Chinese manufacturers to adopt a global sourcing strategy in order to improve their competitive advantage. This would help them to optimize the use of global resources.
Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is to analyze what problems and challenges Chinese manufacturing companies face in the implementation of a global sourcing strategy.
Research Method: Our study shall analyze the situation and problems encountered when Chinese manufacturers implement a global sourcing strategy. To achieve this deep understanding we need to perform a qualitative investigation of some Chinese manufacturers. Hence, we chose qualitative research as our methodology of this thesis.
Conclusion:Pursuing global sourcing is a process which takes a long time and involves many obstacles to be overcome. In this complicated situation, there is not a universal compass to pursue global sourcing. Inexperienced Chinese manufacturers have to deal with each problem in order to develop an advanced level of global sourcing and to face the challenges from logistics capabilities, selecting foreign sources, protectionism, regulations, and so on.
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Anderson, Caryn, and Gabriele Bammer. "Measuring the Global Research Environment: Information Science Challenges for the 21st Century." ASIST, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105639.
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“What does the global research environment look like?” This paper presents a summary look at the results of efforts to address this question using available indicators on global research production. It was surprising how little information is available, how difficult some of it is to access and how flawed the data are. The three most useful data sources were UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Research and Development data (1996-2002), the Institute of Scientific Information publications listings for January 1998 through March 2003, and the World of Learning 2002 reference volume. The data showed that it is difficult to easily get a good overview of the global research situation from existing sources. Furthermore, inequalities between countries in research capacity are marked and challenging. Information science offers strategies for responding to both of these challenges. In both cases improvements are likely if access to information can be facilitated and the process of integrating information from different sources can be simplified, allowing transformation into effective action. The global research environment thus serves as a case study for the focus of this paper – the exploration of information science responses to challenges in the management, exchange and implementation of knowledge globally.
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Kauffeldt, Anna. "Disinformative and Uncertain Data in Global Hydrology : Challenges for Modelling and Regionalisation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-236864.
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Water is essential for human well-being and healthy ecosystems, but population growth and changes in climate and land-use are putting increased stress on water resources in many regions. To ensure water security, knowledge about the spatiotemporal distribution of these resources is of great importance. However, estimates of global water resources are constrained by limitations in availability and quality of data. This thesis explores the quality of both observational and modelled data, gives an overview of models used for large-scale hydrological modelling, and explores the possibilities to deal with the scarcity of data by prediction of flow-duration curves. The evaluation of the quality of observational data for large-scale hydrological modelling was based on both hydrographic data, and model forcing and evaluation data for basins worldwide. The results showed that a GIS polygon dataset outperformed all gridded hydrographic products analysed in terms of representation of basin areas. Through a screening methodology based on the long-term water-balance equation it was shown that as many as 8–43% of the basins analysed displayed inconsistencies between forcing (precipitation and potential evaporation) and evaluation (discharge) data depending on how datasets were combined. These data could prove disinformative in hydrological model inference and analysis. The quality of key hydrological variables from a numerical weather prediction model was assessed by benchmarking against observational datasets and by analysis of the internal land-surface water budgets of several different model setups. Long-term imbalances were found between precipitation and evaporation on the global scale and between precipitation, evaporation and runoff on both cell and basin scales. These imbalances were mainly attributed to the data assimilation system in which soil moisture is used as a nudge factor to improve weather forecasts. Regionalisation, i.e. transfer of information from data-rich areas to data-sparse areas, is a necessity in hydrology because of a lack of observed data in many areas. In this thesis, the possibility to predict flow-duration curves in ungauged basins was explored by testing several different methodologies including machine learning. The results were mixed, with some well predicted curves, but many predicted curves exhibited large biases and several methods resulted in unrealistic curves.Vatten är en förutsättning för människors och ekosystems hälsa, men befolkningsökning och förändringar av klimat och markanvändning förväntas öka trycket på vattenresurserna i många regioner i världen. För att kunna säkerställa en god tillgång till vatten krävs kunskap om hur dessa resurser varierar i tid och rum. Tillförlitligheten hos skattningar av globala vattenresurser begränsas dock både av begränsad tillgänglighet av och kvalitet hos observerade data. Denna avhandling utforskar kvaliteten av såväl observations- som modellbaserade data, ger en överblick över modeller som används för storskalig hydrologisk modellering och utforskar möjligheterna att förutsäga varaktighetskurvor som ett sätt att hantera bristen på data i många områden. Utvärderingen av observationsbaserade datas kvalitet baserades på hydrografiska data och driv- och utvärderingsdata för storskaliga hydrologiska modeller. Resultaten visade att en uppsättning data över hydrografin baserad på GIS-polygoner representerade avrinningsområdesareorna bättre än alla de som byggde på rutor. En metod baserad på långtidsvattenbalansen identifierade att kombinationen av drivdata (nederbörd och potentiell avdunstning) och utvärderingsdata (vattenföring) var fysiskt orimlig för så många som 8–43 % av de analyserade avrinningsområdena beroende på hur olika datauppsättningar kombinerades. Sådana data kan vara desinformativa för slutsatser som dras av resultat från hydrologiska modeller och analyser. Kvaliteten hos hydrologiskt viktiga variabler från en numerisk väderprognosmodell utvärderades dels genom jämförelser med observationsdata och dels genom analys av landytans vattenbudget för ett flertal olika modellvarianter. Resultaten visade obalanser mellan långtidsvärden av nederbörd och avdunstning i global skala och mellan långtidsvärden av nederbörd, avdunstning och avrinning i både modellrute- och avrinningsområdesskala. Dessa obalanser skulle till stor del kunna förklaras av den data assimilering som görs, i vilken markvattenlagret används som en justeringsfaktor för att förbättra väderprognoserna. Regionalisering, som innebär en överföring av information från områden med god tillgång på mätdata till områden med otillräcklig tillgång, är i många fall nödvändig för hydrologisk analys på grund av att mätdata saknas i många områden. I denna avhandling utforskades möjligheten att förutsäga varaktighetskurvor för avrinningsområden utan vattenföringsdata genom flera metoder inklusive maskininlärning. Resultaten var blandade med en del kurvor som förutsas väl, och andra kurvor som visade stora systematiska avvikelser. Flera metoder resulterade i orealistiska kurvor (ickemonotona eller med negativa värden).
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PONTES, ANGELA MARIA DE. "BRAZILIAN FEMALE EXECUTIVES IN GLOBAL ORGANIZATIONS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR WOMEN LEADERSHIP." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30607@1.
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O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar de que modo um grupo de mulheres executivas brasileiras, líderes em organizações globais, tem identificado as oportunidades (fatores que facilitam a liderança feminina), desafios (barreiras enfrentadas) e estratégias (modos de agir adotados para maximizar as oportunidades e superar os desafios) ao longo de suas carreiras. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, de natureza qualitativa, com oito mulheres em posição de alta liderança, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e do método de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram os desafios que precisaram ser superados, frente à condição de líder feminina, na visão das respondentes, bem como as oportunidades que permitiram emergir suas características pessoais diferenciadas que possibilitaram a conquista de resultados expressivos. A pesquisa evidenciou, ainda, a adoção de uma identidade profissional multifacetada de feminilidades e masculinidades sugerindo uma atitude de mudança comportamental.The objective of this study is to analyze how a group of Brazilian women executives, leaders in global organizations, have identified opportunities (factors that facilitate female leadership), challenges (barriers faced) and strategies (ways of acting adopted to maximize opportunities and overcome challenges) throughout their careers. For that, a qualitative field research was conducted with eight women in a high leadership position, through in-depth interviews and the content analysis method. The results demonstrated the challenges that had to be overcome, in view of the female leader, in the respondents view, as well as the opportunities that allowed them to emerge their differentiated personal characteristics that allowed the achievement of expressive results. The research also evidenced the adoption of a multifaceted professional identity of femininities and masculinities suggesting an attitude of behavioral change.
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Kokob, Tesfagergsh Tesfagabr. "The Hamelmalo agricultural college environmental society; an indigenous solution to global challenges." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36295.
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The Hamelmalo agricultural college environmental society (HACES) is a college based organization founded to facilitate the establishment of vital development projects in predominantly rural, disadvantaged communities throughout Eritrea.
HACES plays a facilitative role in the process, enabling local communities and neighborhoods who chose to do so, to identify, plan and implement the socio-economic and environmental projects they most need in a democratic manner. This ‘bottom-up’ participatory approach delivers not only projects but training. Communities therefore receive the tools to create their own autonomous projects in the future - the essential goal of sustainable human development.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36295
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Marintseva, Iryna Kozeletska, Маринцева, and Ірина Степанівна Козелецька. "The University Role in Mitigating and Overcoming Global Air Transport Sector Challenges." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/39359.
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The overall air transport sustainability provides for meeting the global demand for regular, efficient and economical air transport. A sustainable air transport system “should be affordable, should operate safely, securely, fairly and efficiently, and should offer choices of air services while supporting a competitive economy and balanced regional development». Training at the undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral students are encouraged to interact with their supervisors and professionals within the academic context and in a particular sectionЗагальна сталість повітряного транспорту забезпечує задоволення глобального попиту на регулярні, ефективні та економічні повітряні перевезення. Стала система повітряного транспорту «повинна бути доступною, безпечною, справедливою, ефективною з великим вибором повітряних перевезень за підтримки конкурентної економіки та збалансованого розвитку. Студенти бакалавріату, аспірантури та докторантури тісно співпрацюють з викладачами і професіоналами в теоретичній і практичній підготовці.
Общая устойчивость воздушного транспорта обеспечивает удовлетворение глобального спроса на регулярные, эффективные и экономичные воздушные перевозки. Устойчивая система воздушного транспорта "должна быть доступной, безопасной, эффективной, справедливой, предлагать широкий выбор воздушных перевозок при поддержке конкурентоспособной экономики и сбалансированного развития". Студенты бакалавриата, аспирантуры и докторантури тесно взаимодействуют с преподавателями и профессионалами в теоретической и практической подготовке
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Manse, Sarah, and Ebba Holmberg. "Challenges Leading Global Virtual Teams : a qualitative study of the Covid-19 pandemic impact." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448057.
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Earlier research has identified challenges in leading global virtual teams (GVTs). However, when the Covid-19 pandemic hit the world globally, even GVTs had to shift to work from home instead of an office. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate how challenges of leading GVTs have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Identified challenges, including before the pandemic and additional ones that were recognized during it, are introduced. The thesis implements semi-structured interviews with leaders of GVTs to get results in line with the purpose. The results indicate that existing challenges have changed depending on what industry the GVT works in and what restrictions members face due to the pandemic. Additionally, the new challenges that were experienced during the pandemic are distractions, work/life balance, and dealing with isolation. Further challenges are having the right equipment to work comfortably, recruiting and onboarding new staffTidigare undersökningar har identifierat utmaningar med att leda globala virtuella team (GVT). När Covid-19 pandemin drabbade världen över påverkade det till och med GVT, som därefter behövde arbeta hemifrån istället för på ett kontor. Denna uppsats syftar därmed till att undersöka hur utmaningar med att leda GVTs har påverkats av Covid-19 pandemin. Utmaningar med att leda GVTs har identifierats i tidigare studier och inkluderar både innan pandemin och nya som har uppstått under den. För att undersöka detta genomförs semi- strukturerade intervjuer med ledare av GVTs. Resultaten indikerar att befintliga utmaningar har förändrats beroende på vilken bransch teamet arbetar i och vilka restriktioner medlemmarna står inför på grund av pandemin. Dessutom är de nya utmaningarna som uppkommit under pandemin distraktioner, balansen mellan arbete och fritid, och att hantera isolering. Ytterligare utmaningar är att de anställda har rätt utrustning för att arbeta bekvämt, rekrytering och att introducera nyanställda.
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Jönsson, Jessica H. "Localised Globalities and Social Work : Contemporary Challenges." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-21587.
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Recent global and structural transformations, a West-centric development agenda and the triumph of neoliberal politics have led to destructive consequences for many local communities and individual life chances. The global dominance of the West-centric development agenda, with its roots in the colonial past, has created uneven developments and an unjust world in which Western countries continue to gain advantages and increase their prosperity. Although a minority elite in many non-Western countries share the same interests as Western countries and their global organs, the majority of people in these countries are suffering from increasing socioeconomic inequalities. As a result of the dogmatic belief in a singular and West-centric modernity and its practices, many problems are considered to be the result of non-Western countries’ inabilities to complete the project of modernity in accordance with Western blueprints. This has also influenced social work as a global and modern profession. Social problems are often individualised and the reasons behind many inequalities are increasingly related to non-Western people’s individual shortcomings and traditional cultural backgrounds. In Western and non-Western countries equally are the neoliberal structural and institutional transformations ignored and social problems of individuals and families defined as a matter of wrong and deviant actions and choices. The main objective of the dissertation, which is constituted of four articles and an overall introduction and summary, is to examine the consequences of recent neoliberal globalisation based on the belief in a single and West-centric modernity and development agenda and their consequences for social work facing increasing global inequalities. The following research questions have guided the work: ‘How can social work play an effective role in combating social problems and otherisation, marginalisation and increasing inequalities in a globalised world?’, ‘How does the global development agenda function within the local arenas of social work?’, ‘Are development projects improving people’s life chances in local communities in non-Western countries?’, ‘How informed and responsive are social workers towards the global context of local problems?’ The work is based on a qualitative design using qualitative content analysis for analysing data collected through interviews, participant observations and official documents. The results show that irrespective of where and in which context social problems are appearing, since local problems often have global roots, a global perspective to local problems should be included in every practices of social work in order to develop new methods of practices in an increasingly globalised field of work. Destruction of local communities, forced migration from non-Western countries, and marginalisation of people with immigrant background in Western countries should not be considered only as local problems, but also as problems with their roots in global structural inequalities which reproduces global social problems with local consequences. It is argued that social work should consider the dilemmas and problems connected to the taken for granted West-centric theories, understandings and practices of social work in order to develop new methods of practices for combating social problems, marginalisation and increasing inequalities in a globalised world. Such a position includes practicing multilevel social work, social work in global alliances beyond the division of East and West, and mobilisation against neoliberalism and the retreat of the welfare state. This requires critical standpoints against the relationship between the global context of the neoliberal ideology and practices in a Western-dominated and postcolonial world and the daily practices of social work.Localised Globalities and Social Work: Contemporary Challenges
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Dharmadas, Mugunthan. "Global Software Development: A Case Study of Knowledge Management Challenges and Industry Approaches." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9751.
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Recent years, Global Software Development has been pervasive in the field of software development. Research literature describes empirically observed benefits and challenges, but it is descriptive and pragmatic, and offers little theoretic grounding of the findings. The literature recognizes communication and transfer of knowledge as one of the main issues haunting software development, causing poor implementation of projects and poor software quality. This report presents a case study of globally distributed software development, the communicational and knowledge managerial challenges observed, and theoretic reasoning of these. Mitos Desert projects have been ongoing for several years with teams in India and Norway. The observed challenges are inadequate information quality when using a middleman in communication; difficulties due to peoples preferences on written and oral language use; unbalanced knowledge distribution causing dependencies across sites; lack of informal talks across sites causing coordination issues. Mitos approaches to cope with these challenges includes extensive visiting; a kit to promote rapid learning for new joiners; intermediaries with cross-cultural experience; quarterly feedback; written summary of meetings to confirm correct interpretation. Overall, Mitos shows maturity in conducting global software development, causing relatively smooth implementation of such projects. Through the discussion of challenges and solutions, this report shows that a theoretic grounding can contribute to describe why challenges occur and solutions work, rather than only describing what happens. Also, the study shows the vital role of theories for a better understanding of knowledge managerial aspects of global software development.
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Soyez, Paul. "Australian-French Mutual Empowerment : Middle Powers. Strategies to Overcome Pacific & Global Challenges." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL080.
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Cette thèse de doctorat démontre pourquoi et comment la France et l’Australie sont actuellement engagées dans un processus de renforcement mutuel, diplomatiquement et économiquement, dans le cadre de leurs propres stratégies de « smart power ». Ce rapprochement a été possible grâce à trente ans d’efforts diplomatiques pour dépasser tensions et incompréhensions culturelles entre acteurs diplomatiques français et australiens. Cette recherche met en lumière les dynamiques historiques de cette relation bilatérale ambiguë. L’analyse se porte sur les acteurs, mécanismes et résultats de la transformation de la relation bilatérale franco-australienne, depuis 1985, années de vives tensions entre Paris et Canberra en raison de la politique française dans le Pacifique, jusqu’au temps présent où les deux pays n’ont jamais été aussi proches depuis la signature de leur partenariat stratégique approfondi en 2017. Cette thèse met en œuvre une approche originale : elle est fondée sur l’étude d’archives françaises et australiennes ainsi que sur des entretiens avec les acteurs principaux de la relation bilatérale. Ces sources sont étudiées à la lumière des théories constructivistes des Relations Internationales et du concept de « smart power » mis au point par Joseph Nye. Cette thèse affirme que la stratégie franco-australienne de renforcement mutuel est la réponse de deux puissances moyennes, une mondiale et l’autre régionale, face aux menaces du contexte international. Il s’agit également d’un outil de modernisation des diplomaties française et australienne. Ce renforcement progressif a été possible grâce à la résolution des trois principaux conflits qui empoisonnèrent la relation bilatérale, liés à la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC), aux essais nucléaires français dans le Pacifique Sud et à la politique française liée aux tensions en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cependant, cette thèse démontre que le rapprochement progressif de la France et de l’Australie a été possible parce que leurs acteurs diplomatiques ont mis en œuvre de nombreuses opportunités de dialogue et de coopération afin de dépasser leur méfiance traditionnelle. La coopération franco-australienne, soutenue tout d’abord par les intérêts de leurs communautés économiques, a désormais la sécurité pour enjeu principal. Canberra et Paris partagent de plus en plus de menaces traditionnelles et non-traditionnelles, dans un contexte de transformation du concept de puissance par son déplacement à de nouveaux acteurs étatiques et sa diffusion à des acteurs non-étatiques. L’approfondissement du partenariat stratégique franco-australien constitue une réponse à ce défi mondial et témoigne du réengagement des deux pays dans l’aire Indo-Pacifique. Cette thèse permet de comprendre un enjeu crucial des Relations Internationales actuelles : l’adaptation des puissances moyennes aux enjeux régionaux et mondiaux par des processus de renforcement mutuel et la mise en œuvre de stratégies de « smart power »This thesis demonstrates why and how France and Australia are currently engaged in a process of diplomatic and economic mutual empowerment as part of their smart power strategies. This rapprochement has been possible owing to thirty years of diplomatic efforts to overcome ongoing culturally and historically constructed misunderstandings and conflicts. The research investigates the historical dynamics behind this ambiguous relationship. It analyses the actors, mechanisms and outcomes relevant to the transformation of the French-Australian bilateral relationship between 1985, a moment of strong tensions between both countries because of France’s Pacific policies, and the present time when Paris and Canberra are closer than they have ever been since the creation of their Enhanced Strategic Partnership in 2017. This thesis follows an original approach. It encompasses constructivist theories and Joseph Nye’s concept of “smart power”, and it is based on the study of French and Australian archives and on expert interviews. This thesis argues that mutual empowerment is the response of two different middle powers, one global and one regional, to global threats and is a modernising tool for France and Australia’s diplomacies. This progressive empowerment has been possible because of the settlement of three main conflicts between France and Australia pertaining to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), French nuclear testing as well as Australia’s opposition to French policies in New Caledonia. However, the progressive rapprochement between France and Australia has primarily been possible because French and Australian policy-makers have instituted constructive opportunities for dialogue and cooperation in order to overcome their ongoing misperceptions. French-Australian cooperation, originally supported by the economic interests of its business communities, primarily aims to tackle common security issues. Canberra and Paris increasingly share the same traditional and non-traditional threats to their security due to the current context of power transition among states and power diffusion to non-state actors. The enhancement of the French-Australian Strategic Partnership is a response to this challenging global context and takes part into Australia and France’s reengagement in the Indo-Pacific region. This thesis provides insight into a significant trend in International Relations: middle powers’ adaptation to regional and global challenges through mutual empowerment and smart power strategies
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MONTEIRO, JOYCE ANNE RODRIGUES. "DUAL CITIZENSHIP IN A GLOBAL EUROPE: PORTUGAL AND THE CHALLENGES OF NEW MIGRATIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9539@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORO objetivo da tese é investigar como a admissão da dupla cidadania pela lei de nacionalidade portuguesa, ao se sobrepor a uma cidadania européia, permite novas configurações para a noção de cidadania, desagregando os limites da participação e do pertencimento nacionais. A convergência nas leis de nacionalidade dos Estados-membros e a tolerância à dupla cidadania, características do processo de integração europeu, só podem ser compreendidas a partir do contexto social dentro do qual se processam suas interações. Desde a década de 70, as migrações têm colocado uma série de questões sobre como os Estados e o processo de integração europeu podem e devem responder aos desafios trazidos pela diversidade com a globalização. Após a consolidação do espaço Schengen, a institucionalização da União Européia tem gerado uma nova lógica de exclusão, além daquela centrada no Estado- nação, que opõe a comunidade de cidadãos europeus àqueles que não são nacionais e, portanto, são imigrantes, principalmente os ilegais e sem qualificação. Mas, se ela reforça e reconstrói lógicas de exclusão tradicionais, fornece também, baseada em seu compromisso com os direitos humanos, um novo campo para a discussão acerca da integração das comunidades imigrantes já existentes. O Estado português, nesse sentido, tem desenvolvido uma relação dialética entre a proximidade histórica e cultural do mundo lusófono com as prioridades do processo de integração europeu. Ao analisar as mudanças das leis de nacionalidade de Portugal e sua tolerância à dupla cidadania a partir de década de 80, pode-se verificar como aqueles que obtêm a nacionalidade portuguesa - especialmente os descendentes de portugueses provenientes de ex-colônias - têm a oportunidade de participar do processo excludente da cidadania européia, deslocando, ao mesmo tempo, as fronteiras comunitárias para além dos limites territoriais da União.
The goal of this dissertation is to explore how dual citizenship conceded by the Portuguese nationality legislation, overlapped with the European citizenship, allows the formation of new ideas of citizenship, dissolving boundaries of national participation and belonging. The confluence of nationality legislations of the member-states and the tolerance for dual citizenship, as characteristics of the European integration process, can only be understood in the social context in which interactions occur. Since the 1970s, migrations have raised questions about how states and the European integration process could and should deal with the challenges brought by diversity in a globalized world. After the consolidation of the Schengen area, the institutionalization process within the European Union has gone beyond the nation-state, creating a new logic of exclusion, in which a community of European citizens offers resistance to those who are not nationals, therefore to those who are (mostly illegal or non-qualified) immigrants. In fact, this logic reinforces and reconstructs traditional logics of exclusion, but because of its compromise with human rights, it also offers a new topic of discussion related to already existent immigrant communities. Accordingly, the Portuguese state has developed a dialectic relationship between, in one hand, its historical and cultural proximity with the Portuguese-speaking world and, in the other hand, the priorities of the European integration process. Since the 1980s it is possible to verify changes in the Portuguese nationality legislation and in its tolerance to dual citizenship. In this sense, those who obtain the Portuguese nationality - especially descendants of Portuguese immigrants born in former colonies - have the opportunity to participate in the exclusionary process of the European citizenship, at the same time pushing the communitary boundaries beyond the territorial limits of the Union.
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Barsk, J. (Joni). "Benefits and challenges of distributed development and their role in global software development." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201812113254.
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Globally Distributed Development has arguably become a phenomenon in the past decades. Organizations have tried to utilize benefits of Globally Distributed Development and gain an upper hand in the global market. Organizations have tried Global Software Development, since the nineties with varying degrees of success.
This thesis analysed the effects that could cause an organization to begin or to give up a Globally Distributed Development process. This thesis was made as a literature review. Scientific literature was analysed to answer predetermined research questions: What has an impact in Global Software Development, which practises could be successful in Global Software Development and what differences could there be between Global Software Development and Global Game Software Development.
Effects that could influence the decision either way, were distributed to benefits and challenges. Then they were further divided to processes and dimensions. Processes were: communication, coordination and control. Dimensions were divided to: temporal dimension, geographical dimension and socio-cultural dimension. A three by three grid was made from the processes and dimensions. Effects were placed within the table and analysed, to see how they might influence Distributed Development.
Conclusions included that benefits could arguably be further divided to Effortless and Effortful benefits. These benefits are individual, depending on the organization, but in general, it was argued that Effortless benefits should be utilized as best as possible and Effortful benefits should be prioritized. Conclusions of challenges didn’t yield as conclusive results. Arguably, most of the challenges are somehow connected. meaning that alleviating one will likely have adverse effects in another challenge. Careful planning, execution and follow-up was recommended when organization tries to alleviate different challenges of Distributed Development.
Analysis of the benefits and challenges yielded further information. Results were divided to three parts: communication, control and coordination. Most significant piece of information was the importance of planning. GSD without a well-formed plan is going to fail. Distributed development has too many moving parts to allowing hap-hazard plans and executions of those plans. Furthermore, importance of communication was highlighted within the analysis, as an integral part of success in GSD.
Utilization of Outsourcing in Globally Distributed Game Development is a significant part of game development, as multiple components of game-design require skills that a programmer might not possess. Voice acting and ability to make music to name just a few. For game software organization, utilisation of outsourcing could arguably be significantly more important than to a regular software organization. Not only due to the vast array of talents needed, but also due to the short period of time they are needed. As a result, Distributed Game Software Development could be called as: single site software organization, with outsourced autonomous multi-site subsidiary task development teams.
Finally, this thesis summarizes the literary review, by arguing that communication and pre-development work are arguably the two most important factors when considering the suggestions for a successful globally distributed development.
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Jabangwe, Ronald, and Indira Nurdiani. "Global Software Development Challenges and Mitigation Strategies : A Systematic Review and Survey Results." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3886.
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Context: Software development in a setting in which the development sites are dispersed across geographical areas, either close proximity or globally, is fast becoming a widespread trend. This software development arrangement is also known as Global Software Development (GSD) or Distributed Software Development (DSD) or Global Software Engineering (GSE). Projects executed by a dispersed team have been noted as a more risky and challenging venture than projects run with teams under the same roof. Therefore the knowledge of the potential challenges and the probable mitigation strategies for GSD is vital for running a successful project. Objectives: The study entails the identification of GSD related challenges as well as their mitigation strategies. The collected challenges and mitigation strategies are later compiled into checklists. The developed checklists can be incorporated into risk management process particularly risk identification and risk mitigation planning. Methods: This research extends an existing systematic literature study conducted on empirical research on GSD, which was based on a review of publications from 2000 to 2007. The previous research is incorporated in this research and, in addition, papers between 2007 and 2009 are reviewed. In contrast to the previous research was aimed at gathering empirical evidence in GSD, however in this research the focus is specifically on challenges associated with GSD projects as well as the mitigation strategies that can be employed. An industrial survey was also conducted to validate the checklists and determine if the identified challenges and mitigation strategies were pervasive in industry. Furthermore interviews were also conducted to further validate the usefulness and usability of the developed checklists. Result: As a result, from the systematic literature review for publications between 2000 and 2009, a total of 48 challenges and 42 mitigation strategies were identified and placed in two separate categorized checklists. These challenges and mitigation strategies are elaborated in this paper. From the survey result, no additional challenges and 4 strategies were identified in the survey. Meanwhile from the interviews, all interviewees reported that the checklists are useful and easy to use. Conclusion: The absence of new challenges being identified from the study did not merit a conclusion that all possible challenges in GSD have been revealed. Therefore we conclude that more empirical research still needs to be done on identifying the challenges and mitigation strategies associated with GSD settings. Furthermore the checklists can be useful and valuable in identifying challenges and the potential mitigation strategies for communication, control and coordination mechanisms in distributed software development projects.
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Сабадаш, Віктор Володимирович, Виктор Владимирович Сабадаш, Viktor Volodymyrovych Sabadash, Олександра Іванівна Карінцева, Александра Ивановна Каринцева, Oleksandra Ivanivna Karintseva, Микола Олексійович Харченко, Николай Алексеевич Харченко, Mykola Oleksiiovych Kharchenko, and V. Sabadash. "Access and Resource Allocation in The Global Economy: Challenges of Post-Industrial Society." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/80918.
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Окреслено ключові нові виклики, що формують напрями й особливості бізнес-процесів і соціальних комунікацій у період економічних і соціальних трансформацій. У роботі подано опис їх ресурсного характеру і проблем доступу до ресурсів; визначено особливості глобальних трендів.Очерчены ключевые новые вызовы, формирующие направления и особенности бизнес-процессов и социальных коммуникаций в период экономических и социальных трансформаций. В работе приведено описание ресурсного характера и проблем доступа к ресурсам; определены особенности глобальных трендов.
The key new challenges that shape the directions and features of business processes and social communications in the period of economic and social transformations are outlined in the material. A description of their resource nature and problems of access to resources is given and the features of global trends are identified in the paper.
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Сабадаш, Віктор Володимирович, Виктор Владимирович Сабадаш, Viktor Volodymyrovych Sabadash, Вікторія Вікторівна Сабадаш, Виктория Викторовна Сабадаш, Viktoriia Viktorivna Sabadash, Микола Олексійович Харченко, et al. "Access and resource allocation in the global economy: challenges of post-industrial society." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/84187.
Full textAbstract:
Окреслено ключові нові виклики, що формують напрями й особливості бізнес-процесів
і соціальних комунікацій у період економічних і соціальних трансформацій. У роботі подано
опис їх ресурсного характеру і проблем доступу до ресурсів; визначено особливості
глобальних трендів.Очерчены ключевые новые вызовы, формирующие направления и особенности бизнес-процессов и социальных коммуникаций в период экономических и социальных трансформаций. В работе приведено описание ресурсного характера и проблем доступа к ресурсам; определены особенности глобальных трендов.
The key new challenges that shape the directions and features of business processes and social communications in the period of economic and social transformations are outlined in the material. A description of their resource nature and problems of access to resources is given and the features of global trends are identified in the paper.
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Nilsson, Karin, and Paulina Sawicki. "Internationalization challenges among born globals : A roadmap for higher success." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74290.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to advance the understanding of internationalization among born global companies. In order to fulfil the purpose, three foreign market entries were investigated at a Swedish born global that offers digital streaming services for audiobooks. Method – We conducted a qualitative single case study with a grounded theory approach. The main data was collected through 22 interviews and 13 documents. The data analysis was two-folded; 1) content analysis for charting the market entries, and 2) thematic analysis for identifying challenges and how to address these. Findings – Our findings is divided into three parts. First, we present five challenges that born global companies might experience when they enter new foreign markets. These five challenges are sorted as primary; 1) lack of networks, 2) new-to-the-world, and 3) lack of partnerships, and secondary; 4) lack of market-specific knowledge, and 5) lack of support. Second, we provide eight actions that can be addressed to either one or more of the five challenges. The two actions that are most significant, i.e. can address the most challenges are; 1) utilize established investor, and 2) hire local and experienced employee on-site. Finally, the two research questions are compiled into a roadmap that provides a start-to-end guide for how conquer challenges for internationalization. Theoretical and practical implications – This study contributes to current internationalization literature by extending the view of born globals’ internationalization process. More specifically, it provides knowledge about possible challenges and how to address them, which previous literature has not explored. We believe that born globals can use the developed roadmap to increase their success rate. We also believe that the newly identified challenges can be used as a complement to the already explored success factors, in order to provide managers at born globals with a more holistic view of how to succeed with their internationalization journey.
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Lindhe, Söderlund Lena. "Challenges of learning and practicing motivational interviewing." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Division of Preventive and Social Medicine and Public Health Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17351.
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Background: The past three decades have seen a growth in health promotion research and practice, stimulated by the epidemiologic transition of the leading causes of death from infectious to chronic diseases. An estimated 50% of mortality from the 10 leading causes of death is due to behaviour, which suggests individuals can make important contributions to their own health by adopting some health-related behaviours and avoiding others. Motivational interviewing (MI) has emerged as a brief counselling approach for behavioural modification that builds on a patient empowerment perspective by supporting self-esteem and self-efficacy. MI has become increasingly popular in a variety of health care settings as well as non-health care settings.
Aims: The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to improved understanding of the different factors that impact on the learning and practice of MI. The aim of study I was to identify barriers and facilitators to use MI with overweight and obese children in child welfare and school health services. The aim of study II was to identify barriers, facilitators and modifiers to use MI with pharmacy clients in community pharmacies.
Methods: Participants in study I were five child welfare centre nurses from the county council and six municipally-employed school health service nurses, all from Östergötland, Sweden. Participants in study II were 15 community pharmacy pharmacists in Östergötland Sweden. Data for both studies were obtained through focus group interviews with the participants, using interview guides containing open-ended questions related to the aims of the studies. Study II also included five individual interviews. Interview data were interpreted from a phenomenological perspective.
Results: In study I, important barriers were nurses’ lack of recognition that overweight and obesity among children constitutes a health problem, problem ambivalence among nurses who felt that children’s weight might be a problem although there was no immediate motivation to do anything, and parents who the nurses believed were unmotivated to deal with their children’s weight problem. Facilitators included nurses’ recognition of the advantages of MI, parents who were cooperative and aware of the health problem, and working with obese children rather than those who were overweight. In study II, pharmacists who had previously participated in education that included elements similar to MI felt this facilitated their use of MI. The opportunity to decide on appropriate clients and/or healthrelated behaviours for counselling was also an important facilitator. The pharmacists believed the physical environment of the pharmacies was favourable for MI use, but they experienced time limitations when there were many clients on the premises. They also experienced many difficulties associated with the practical application of MI, including initiating and concluding client conversations.
Conclusions: Learning and practicing MI effectively is difficult for many practitioners as it requires a new way of thinking and acting. Practitioners’ use of MI is not effective unless there is recognition that there is an important health-related problem to be solved. Practitioners feel more confident using MI with clients who have health-compromising behaviours and/or risks in which the practitioners feel they have expertise. Possessing considerable MI counselling skills does not compensate for insufficient knowledge about a targeted health-related behaviour and/or risk. Feedback from clients plays an important role for the quality and quantity of practitioners’ MI use.
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Shaker, Nour. "Internationalization Strategies of the Chinese Automotive Industry : Challenges and a Plan for Going Global." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för företagsekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-3228.
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Over the past two decades, the open-door of the market supply in China has had a massive impact on the automotive market. This development contributes to the globalization of the automobile industry that involved the integration of the Chinese domestic market into the international markets. Among many reasons, motivation to gain access to industrialized markets and to gain access to superior technology, management resources and knowledge are the most driving factors of the Chinese automotive industry for the internationalization and going abroad strategy of China´s automotive industry. This study investigated whether different external globalization drivers and internal organization factors have differential effects on various dimensions of China´s automakers firms’ global strategy. Most of the studies written about global strategies have implemented only either of the internal or the external drivers of the internationalization of the firms. The contribution of the paper introduces a more comprehensive model on the global expansion of a firm. This paper concludes that China´s automotive industry has some competitive advantages such as low cost, while, facing a number of challenges that hinder the internationalization of Chinese automobile companies. It also shows that multiple factors play an important role in firms' internationalization global strategy plan. It is thus essential that the interaction among independent variables is considered in the determination of global expansion strategy. This paper suggests that in comparative application of China´s economy of internationalization process to most of other industries in the emerging markets, they have similar development strategies and profiles due to the similar enterprise organizational mode and industrial environment. Therefore, most of the factors discussed in this paper can also apply to many industries in other emerging markets that are seeking for internationalization by creating a competitive global expansion strategy.