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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Global and regional models

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Academic literature on the topic 'Global and regional models'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Global and regional models"

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Ustun, A., and R. A. Abbak. "On global and regional spectral evaluation of global geopotential models." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 7, no. 4 (2010): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/7/4/003.

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CRIHFIELD, JOHN B., and HARRISON S. CAMPBELL. "Evaluating Alternative Regional Planning Models." Growth and Change 22, no. 2 (1991): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1991.tb00544.x.

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Straus, Julian, Jabir Ali Ouassou, Ove Wolfgang, and Gunhild Allard Reigstad. "Introducing global learning in regional energy system models." Energy Strategy Reviews 38 (November 2021): 100763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2021.100763.

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Bertotti, L., L. Cavaleri, A. Soret, and R. Tolosana-Delgado. "Performance of global and regional nested meteorological models." Continental Shelf Research 87 (September 2014): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2013.12.013.

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GRIMES, DONALD R., GEORGE A. FULTON, and MARC A. BONARDELLI. "Evaluating Alternative Regional Planning Models: Comment." Growth and Change 23, no. 4 (1992): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1992.tb00947.x.

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CRIHFIELD, JOHN B., and HARRISON S. CAMPBELL. "Evaluating Alternative Regional Planning Models: Reply." Growth and Change 23, no. 4 (1992): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1992.tb00948.x.

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Basciftci, Fuat, Cevat Inal, Omer Yildirim, and Sercan Bulbul. "Determining regional ionospheric model and comparing with global models." Geodetski vestnik 61, no. 03 (2017): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15292//geodetski-vestnik.2017.03.427-440.

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Pierce, D. W., T. P. Barnett, B. D. Santer, and P. J. Gleckler. "Selecting global climate models for regional climate change studies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 21 (2009): 8441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900094106.

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McKone, Thomas E., and Matthew MacLeod. "TRACKINGMULTIPLEPATHWAYS OFHUMANEXPOSURE TOPERSISTENTMULTIMEDIAPOLLUTANTS: Regional, Continental, and Global-Scale Models." Annual Review of Environment and Resources 28, no. 1 (2003): 463–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105623.

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Joyce, Linda A., Thomas W. Hoekstra, and Ralph J. Alig. "Regional multiresource models in a national framework." Environmental Management 10, no. 6 (1986): 761–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01867729.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Global and regional models"

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Didone, Marco. "Performance and error diagnosis of global and regional NWP models /." Zürich : ETH, 2006. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16597.

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Rawat, Arshad. "Numerical modelling of infragravity waves : from regional to global scales." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0016/document.

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Les vagues de surface générées par le vent, généralement appelées houle ou mer de vent, sont omniprésents à la surface de I'océan. Ils sont et ont des périodes variant entre 2 et 25 secondes et de longueur d'onde variant de quelques mètres à plusieurs centaines de mètres. Il existe aussi des ondes plus longues et, à plus basse fréquence appelés ondes infragravitaires (IG), qui sont associés aux vagues courtes, générées par le vent. Ces ondes ont des périodes dominantes comprise entre 30 secondes et 10 minutes et, quand ils se propagent librement, avec des longueurs d'ondes pouvant atteindre plusieurs dizaines de kilomètres. En dehors de la zone de surf, I'amplitude verticale de ces ondes infragravitaires est de I'ordre de 1 à 10 cm, tandis que I'amplitude des vagues courtes est de I'ordre de 1-10 m.Malgré leurs petites échelles d'amplitude, ces ondes infragravitaires peuvent avoir une importance non-négligeable dans certaines situations. Elles peuvent par exemple exciter des phénomènes de seiches dans les ports et mettre en résonance des structures en mer et des lames de glaces dansI'Arctique ou I'Antarctique. Le champ d'ondes infragravitaires constituera probablement aussi une fraction significative du signal mesuré par la future mission du satellite Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT). Ce champ d'onde infragravitaire devra être caractérisé pour atteindre la précision attendue sur les mesures de hauteur de mer dynamiques. Il est probable que la précision visée ci-dessus ne soit pas possible pour les forts états de mer avec de longues houles. L'un des objectifs de cette thèse était de fournir une première quantification de ces incertitudes associées.Au-delà de la mission SWOT, la quantification du champ d'ondes IG est un problème clé pour la compréhension de plusieurs autres phénomènes géophysiques tels que la compréhension des microséismes<br>Wind-generated surface gravity waves are ubiquitous at the ocean surface. Their period varies between 2 and 25 seconds, with wavelength varying between a few meters to several hundreds of meters. Longer and, lower frequency surface gravity waves, called infragravity (IG) waves, are associated to these short, high frequency wind-generated waves. These infragravity waves have dominant periods comprised between 30 seconds and 10 minutes, and, when they propagate freely, with horizontal wavelengths of up to tens of kilometres, as given by the linear surface gravity wave dispersion relation. Outside of surf zones, the vertical amplitude of these infragravity waves is of the order of 1-10 cm, while the amplitude of wind-generated waves is of the order of 1-10 m.Given the length scales of the infragravity wavelengths, and despite the fact that the infragravity wave field exhibits much smaller vertical amplitudes than the high frequency wind-driven waves, the infragravity wave field will be a significant fraction the signal measured by the future Surface Water Ocean Topography satellite (SWOT) mission. This infragravity wave field will have to be characterized in order to achieve the expected precision on dynamic height measurements. It appears likely that the above mentioned precision will not be feasible for high sea states and long and steep swells. One of the aims of this thesis was to provide a first quantification of these associated uncertainties. Beyond the SWOT mission, the quantification of the IG wave field is a key problem for the understanding of several geophysical phenomena, such as the understanding of microseisms and ice shelves break up

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Martí, Donati Alejandro. "On-line coupling of volcanic ash and aerosols transport with global and regional meteorological models." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456043.

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Explosive volcanic eruptions can eject large quantities of particulate matter that, along with other aerosol droplets and trace gases, are carried upwards into the atmosphere by the buoyant eruption column and then dispersed by winds aloft. The presence in the atmosphere of volcanic ash is a sporadic yet important factor that can threaten human health, affect the urban built environment, disrupt aerial navigation and, for very large eruptions, alter both atmospheric composition and chemistry. Once volcanic ash is injected into the atmosphere, it can be transported over great distances, even circumnavigating the entire planet. Volcanic ash modeling systems are used to simulate the atmospheric dispersion of volcanic ash and to generate operational short-term forecasts to support civil aviation and emergency management. The efficiency of response and mitigation actions is directly associated to the accuracy of the volcanic ash cloud detection. Volcanic ash modeling systems normally require an emission or source term model to characterize the eruption column; a dispersal model to simulate the atmospheric transport, dispersion and ground deposition of ash particles; and a meteorological model for the description of the atmospheric conditions. Traditional forecasts for volcanic ash build on off-line coupled modeling systems, where meteorological variables are only updated at the specified coupling intervals. Although this approach is computationally advantageous is some cases, there is a concern that it can lead to a number of accuracy issues and limitations that can be corrected by on-line modeling strategies. Despite these concerns, to date, no on-line coupled model is available for operational forecast of volcanic ash. In addition, the quantification of the limitations associated to the off-line systems has received no attention. This Ph.D. thesis describes and evaluates NMMB-MONARCH-ASH, a novel fully coupled on-line multiscale meteorological and atmospheric transport model designed to predict ash cloud trajectories, concentration of ash at relevant flight levels, and the expected deposit thickness for both regional and global domains in research and operational set-ups. The first activity targeted a model validation against several well-characterized events including, the Mt. Etna 2001, Eyjafjallajökull 2010, and Cordón Caulle 2011 eruptions. The model has shown to be robust, scalable, and capable to reproduce the spatial and temporal dispersal variability of the ash cloud and tephra deposits, showing promising results and improving the performance from well-known off-line operational models. The second activity quantified the model shortcomings and systematic errors associated to traditional off-line forecasts employed in operational set-ups. NMMB-MONARCH-ASH demonstrated that off-line forecasts could fail to reproduce up to 45-70% of the ash cloud of an on-line forecast, considered to be the best estimate of the true outcome. The uncertainty associated to off-line systems was found to be as relevant (same order of magnitude) as those uncertainties attributed to the source term. The third activity focused on a global application of NMMB-MONARCH-ASH to analyze the potential impacts of ash dispersal from Antarctic volcanoes. Numerical simulations suggested that volcanic ash emitted from Antarctic volcanoes could potentially encircle the globe, leading to significant consequences for global aviation safety. The last activity included a novel computational inversion method to account, for the first time, for the Plinian and co-ignimbrite phases of the 39 ka Campanian Ignimbrite super-eruption. This particular application employed the off-line coupled FALL3D model, found to be more suitable from a computational point of view. The outcome of this Ph.D. thesis encourages operational groups responsible for real-time advisories for aviation to consider using computationally efficient on-line coupled ash dispersal models.<br>Las erupciones volcánicas explosivas pueden emitir una gran cantidad de material que, junto con otros aerosoles y gases traza, son inyectados en la atmósfera por la columna eruptiva para luego ser dispersados por los vientos en altura. La presencia en la atmósfera de cenizas volcánicas es un factor esporádico aunque importante, que puede llegar a amenazar la salud humana, afectar las infraestructuras urbanas, interrumpir la navegación aérea y, en el caso de grandes erupciones, alterar la composición atmosférica y química. Una vez en la atmósfera, la ceniza puede ser transportada a grandes distancias, llegando incluso a circunnavegar todo el planeta. Los sistemas de modelado de cenizas volcánicas se utilizan para simular la dispersión atmosférica de estas partículas, y para generar pronósticos operacionales a corto plazo empleados para dar soporte a la aviación civil y a la gestión de emergencias. La eficacia para responder a estos eventos está directamente asociada a la precisión de los modelos de transporte de cenizas volcánicas. Los sistemas de modelado de cenizas volcánicas requieren de un modelo de emisión de partículas para la caracterización de la columna eruptiva; un modelo de dispersión para la simulación del transporte atmosférico y la deposición de cenizas; y de un modelo meteorológico para la descripción de las condiciones atmosféricas. Los pronósticos tradicionales se basan en sistemas de modelado desacoplados (off-line), donde las variables meteorológicas sólo se actualizan a intervalos de tiempo especificados. Aunque este enfoque presenta ventajas desde el punto de vista computacional, existe la preocupación de que puede estar asociado a limitaciones y problemas de precisión que, por el contrario, pueden ser corregidos mediante estrategias de modelado acoplado (on-line). A pesar de estas preocupaciones, hasta la fecha no hay un modelo acoplado on-line disponible para el pronóstico operativo de la cenizas volcánicas. Además, tampoco existe una cuantificación de las limitaciones asociadas a los sistemas off-line. Este doctorado describe y evalúa NMMB-MONARCH-ASH, un modelo de transporte meteorológico y atmosférico multiescalar (regional/global) completamente acoplado on-line, para su uso en investigación y predicción operacional. El modelo está diseñado para predecir trayectorias de cenizas volcánicas, concentración de ceniza en niveles de vuelo (flight levels), y el correspondiente espesor de depósito. La primera actividad de esta tesis se centra en la validación de modelo mediante erupciones bien caracterizadas (Mt. Etna 2001, Eyjafjallajökull 2010, y del Cordón Caulle 2011). El modelo ha demostrado ser robusto, escalable y capaz de reproducir la variabilidad de la dispersión espacial y temporal de los depósitos y de las nubes de ceniza, ostrando resultados prometedores y mejorando el rendimiento de modelos operacionales. La segunda actividad cuantifica los errores sistemáticos asociados a los pronósticos off-line. NMMB-MONARCH-ASH demuestra que estps pronósticos podrían no reproducir hasta un 45-70% de la nube de cenizas de un pronóstico on-line, considerado éste último como la mejor estimación de la realidad. Esta actividad concluye que la incertidumbre asociada a los sistemas off-line puede llegar a ser tan relevante como aquellas incertidumbres atribuidas al término fuente. La tercera actividad se centra en una aplicación global de NMMB-MONARCH-ASH para analizar los posibles impactos asociados a la dispersión de ceniza de volcanes antárticos. Los resultados alertan de las posibles consequencias de estas erupciones en la aviación a nivel mundial . La última actividad incluye un nuevo método de inversión computacional para identificar, por primera vez, las fases Pliniana y coignimbrita de la super-erupción de la Ignimbrita Campaniana (39 ka) con FALL3D. Los resultados de este Ph.D. alientan a considerar el uso de modelos acoplados on-line para generar pronósticos operacionales de ceniza volcánica.

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Perkins, Sarah Elizabeth Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Evaluation and 21st century projections of global climate models at a regional scale over Australia." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2010. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44906.

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This thesis explores the ability of global climate models (GCMs) to simulate observed conditions at regional scales by examining probability density functions (PDFs) of daily minimum temperature (Tmin), maximum temperature (Tmax) and precipitation (P). Two new measures of model skill are proposed using PDFs of observed and modelled data. The first metric (Sscore) compares the amount of overlap between the two PDFs. The second metric (Tailskill) is the weighted difference between the PDF tails, where extreme events are represented. The resulting measures of skill are used to differentiate, at a regional scale, between weaker and stronger models. It is investigated whether the weaker models bias future projections given by multi-model ensembles, increasing the uncertainty in the range of projected values and the change from the 20th Century. The Sscore is demonstrated to be robust against inhomogenities found in highdensity Australian datasets, and is a simple and quantitative measure of how well each GCM can simulate all observed events. This methodology is executed for twelve Australian regions of varying climates for all Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 4th Assessment Report models for which daily data was available for 1961-2000. Across Tmin, Tmax and P some GCMs perform well, demonstrating that some GCMs provide credible simulations of climate at sub-continental scales. Projections of the annual and seasonal mean and yearly return values over the A2 and B1 emission scenarios are investigated. Models are omitted from an ensemble based on their ability to simulate the observed PDF at regional scales. The stronger models are generally in agreement with the change in mean values, particularly for Tmin and Tmax, though it is shown that they vary in their projections of the yearly return value at least twice as much as projections in the mean values. Lastly, a means-based evaluation method, the Sscore and the Tailskill are employed to differentiate between weaker and stronger models for projections in the 20-year return value of Tmin and Tmax. Weaker-skilled ensembles project larger increases in 20-year return values than stronger-skilled ensembles, such that in some regions for maximum temperature the ensembles are statistically significantly different. Demonstrably weaker models bias projections given by an all-model ensemble and should be excluded so the most reliable estimates of future climate can be obtained.

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Meque, Arlindo Oliva. "Investigating the link between southern African droughts and global atmospheric teleconnections using regional climate models." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16686.

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Includes bibliographical references<br>Drought is one of the natural hazards that threaten the economy of many nations, especially in Southern Africa, where many socio-economic activities depend on rain-fed agriculture. This study evaluates the capability of Regional Climate Models (RCMs) in simulating the Southern African droughts. It uses the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI, computed using rainfall and temperature data) to identify 3-month droughts over Southern Africa, and compares the observed and simulated drought patterns. The observation data are from the Climate Research Unit (CRU), while the simulation data are from 10 RCMs (ARPEGE, CCLM, HIRHAM, RACMO, REMO, PRECIS, RegCM3, RCA, WRF, and CRCM) that participated in the Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) project. The study also categorizes drought patterns over Southern Africa, examines the persistence and transition of these patterns, and investigates the roles of atmospheric teleconnections on the drought patterns. The results show that the drought patterns can occur in any season, but they have preference for seasons. Some droughts patterns may persist up to three seasons, while others are transient. Only about 20% of the droughts patterns are induced solely by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), other drought patterns are caused by complex interactions among the atmospheric teleconnections. The study also reveals that the Southern Africa drought pattern is generally shifting from a wet condition to a dry condition, and that the shifting can only be captured with a drought monitoring index that accounts for temperature influence on drought. Only few CORDEX RCMs simulate the Southern African droughts as observed. In this regard, the ARPEGE model shows the best simulation. The best performance may be because the stretching capability of ARPEGE helps the model to eliminate boundary condition problems, which are present in other RCMs. In ARPEGE simulations, the stretching capability would allow a better interaction between large and small scale features, and may lead to a better representation of the rain producing systems in Southern Africa. The results of the study may be applied to improve monitoring and prediction of regionally-extensive drought over Southern Africa, and to reduce the socio-economic impacts of drought in the region.

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Volta, Chiara. "Carbon cycling at the estuarine interface: a new model for regional and global scale assessment." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/228693.

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The overarching goal of this thesis is to develop a diagnostic and predictive model to quantify the estuarine CO2 dynamics across scales – from catchment to the globe – using an approach that explicitly resolves the strong physical and biogeochemical gradients typically observed in these systems.Chapter 1 provides fundamental definitions and descriptions of estuaries, as well as an assessment of their role in the global carbon cycle. It also raises the specific objectives and research questions tackled in the present study. Chapter 2 presents the rationale behind the novel modelling approach (C-GEM, Carbon-Generic Estuary Model) developed in the framework of this thesis. First, the dominant processes that control the estuarine biogeochemistry in estuaries are discussed in detail. Then, the power of reactive-transport models (RTMs) in understanding and quantifying the estuarine biogeochemical functioning is illustrated on the basis of local modelling studies. Finally, trends in estuarine biogeochemical dynamics across different geometries and environmental scenarios are briefly explored with C-GEM and results are discussed in the context of improving the modelling of estuarine carbon dynamics at regional and global scales. In Chapter 3, a detailed description of C-GEM, both in terms of structure and set-up, is provided and model’s performance is successfully evaluated through comprehensive model-data and model-model comparisons in the macro-tidal Scheldt estuary (BE/NL). In Chapter 4, C-GEM is combined with a generic set of forcing conditions and parameter values to quantify the carbon dynamics (net ecosystem metabolism, CO2 exchange at the air-water interface, carbon filtering capacity) in three idealized estuaries subject to temperate climatic conditions. Their hydro-geometrical characteristics span the wide diversity of estuarine morphological characteristics. Model results are used to upscale the estuarine CO2 dynamics under present-day conditions and to quantify the response of the estuarine filter to future atmospheric CO2, land use and climate change scenarios. In Chapter 5, C-GEM is applied to derive estimations of carbon export and CO2 outgassing from all tidal estuaries discharging in the North Sea. Overall, our results suggest that the estuarine carbon filtering capacity and the contribution of these land-ocean transition systems to the atmospheric CO2 budget might not be as high as previously thought. Finally, a conclusive chapter (Chapter 6) provides a synthesis of the key findings and arguments projected by the present research work. Moreover, recommendations are given in the light of further applications of the modelling approach developed during this thesis.<br>Doctorat en Sciences<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Barbosa, Bruno Tebaldi de Queiroz. "Modelling brazilian regional formal labor market using global var approach." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18669.

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Submitted by Bruno Tebaldi de Queiroz Barbosa (btebaldi@deskpaper.com) on 2017-08-21T19:31:55Z No. of bitstreams: 4 0 Perc.mp4: 4753951 bytes, checksum: 9745789b7fc26007c3f3c6b277c41eaa (MD5) 2 Perc.mp4: 4744791 bytes, checksum: c5450c39d510518879431f5ac018ca09 (MD5) 4 Perc.mp4: 4703437 bytes, checksum: 627597ffbcb6f2dc43498d9a04327104 (MD5) Dissertacao Bruno Tebaldi - vfinal.pdf: 1863011 bytes, checksum: d24ac4b5e84a1980f2e4751b42e52392 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2017-08-21T20:01:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 0 Perc.mp4: 4753951 bytes, checksum: 9745789b7fc26007c3f3c6b277c41eaa (MD5) 2 Perc.mp4: 4744791 bytes, checksum: c5450c39d510518879431f5ac018ca09 (MD5) 4 Perc.mp4: 4703437 bytes, checksum: 627597ffbcb6f2dc43498d9a04327104 (MD5) Dissertacao Bruno Tebaldi - vfinal.pdf: 1863011 bytes, checksum: d24ac4b5e84a1980f2e4751b42e52392 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-22T12:25:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 0 Perc.mp4: 4753951 bytes, checksum: 9745789b7fc26007c3f3c6b277c41eaa (MD5) 2 Perc.mp4: 4744791 bytes, checksum: c5450c39d510518879431f5ac018ca09 (MD5) 4 Perc.mp4: 4703437 bytes, checksum: 627597ffbcb6f2dc43498d9a04327104 (MD5) Dissertacao Bruno Tebaldi - vfinal.pdf: 1863011 bytes, checksum: d24ac4b5e84a1980f2e4751b42e52392 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-11<br>The assessment of economic variables is an important part of regional macroeconomic analyses. However, increasing integration of the markets has led to greater financial and economic interdependence between regions. Therefore, this paper uses the global vector autoregressive (GVAR) methodology, which can tackle the curse of dimensionality. Focusing in the Brazilian labor market, it has two main objectives: firstly, establishing a model accounting for the interdependencies between regions. Secondly, estimate the regional elasticity of employment in respect to the economic activity of the country. To this end, it is applied the so-called GVAR technique, which considers the interdependencies between several regions and their temporal dynamics in a multivariate framework. The model is estimated at the Brazilian mesoregion level, with 137 distinct mesoregions. The final model proved to be stable with 128 regions, 2 cointegration relationship and, and 9 regions having 1 cointegration relation. Focusing on the classical major Brazilian regions (North, Northeast, Southeast, South, Central) it is estimated that the most sensitive region is the South followed by the Northeast and the South region, while the Northern and Central regions are mostly unaffected. A long-run relationship is also estimated indicating a natural growth of 694 thousand jobs per year in Brazil.<br>A avaliação das variáveis econômicas é uma parte importante das análises macroeconômicas regionais. No entanto, o aumento da integração dos mercados levou a uma maior interdependência financeira e econômica entre as regiões. Portanto, este artigo usa a metodologia de vetor autoregressivo global (GVAR), que pode enfrentar a maldição da dimensionalidade. Focando no mercado de trabalho brasileiro, tem dois objetivos principais: primeiro, estabelecer um modelo levando em conta as interdependências entre as regiões. Em segundo lugar, estimar a elasticidade regional do emprego em relação à atividade econômica do país. Para este fim, é aplicada a chamada técnica GVAR, que considera as interdependências entre várias regiões e suas dinâmicas temporais em uma estrutura multivariada. O modelo é estimado no nível mesorregional brasileiro, com 137 mesorregiões distintas. O modelo final mostrou-se estável com 128 regiões, 2 relações de cointegração e, e 9 regiões com 1 relação de cointegração. Concentrando-se nas principais regiões brasileiras clássicas (Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste, Sul, Central), estima-se que a região mais sensível é o Sul, seguido pela região Nordeste e Sul, enquanto as regiões Norte e Central não são afetadas. Uma relação de longo prazo também é estimada indicando um crescimento natural de 694 mil empregos por ano no Brasil.

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Moubarak, Roger. "Wind Speed Prediction using Global and Regional Based Virtual Towers in CFD Simulations." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217093.

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Wind farm assessment is a costly and time consuming process when it is planned by traditional methods such as a met mast. Therefore, new models have been established and used for the wind farm assessment to ease the process of wind farm planning. These models are Global-regional models which add to cost efficiency and time saving. There are several types of these models in the market that have different accuracy. This thesis discusses and uses in simulations Global – regional model data outputs from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Weather Research Forecast WRF and ECMWF, which is currently producing ERA-Interim, global reanalysis of the data-rich period since 1989 .The goal of the master's thesis is to see whether it is useful and efficient to use Global – regional weather model data such as the Era Interim Global Reanalysis Model data for wind assessment by comparing it with the real data series (met mast) located in Maglarp, in the south of Sweden.The comparison shows that in that specific area (hindcast) at Maglarp, in the south of Sweden, very promising results for planning a wind farm for a 100m, 120m and 38m heights.

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Endris, Hussen Seid. "Assessing the representation of teleconnective drivers of rainfall over Eastern Africa in global and regional climate models and projected future changes." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24454.

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Climate variability is an important characteristic of regional climate, and a subject to significant control from teleconnections. An extended diagnosis of the capacity of climate models to represent remote controls of regional climate (teleconnections) is vital for assessing model-based predictions of climate variability, understanding uncertainty in climate projections and model development. An important driver of climate variability for Africa is the sea surface temperature (SST) - rainfall teleconnection, such as the El Ni˜no/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). In this study, an assessment of the teleconnection between tropical SSTs and Eastern African rainfall in global and regional climate models is presented, with particular attention paid to the propagation of large-scale teleconnection signals (as represented by model reanalyses and Coupled Global Climate models (CGCMs)) into the domain of the Regional Climate Models (RCMs). The teleconnection-rainfall relationship with the Eastern Africa region is assessed in two rainfall seasons (June-July-August-September and October-November- December) under present and future periods. Evaluation runs (RCMs driven by reanalysis datasets) and historical simulations (RCMs driven by CGCMs) are assessed to quantify the ability of the models to capture the teleconnection relationship. The future analysis is performed for two Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) to assess future change in this relationship as a result of global warming. Using ERA-interim reanalysis as perfect boundary conditions, the RCMs adequately simulate the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall in comparison with observations, although the model performance varies locally and seasonally within the region. Furthermore, the RCMs correctly capture the magnitude and spatial extent regional-scale seasonal rainfall anomalies associated with large-scale oceanic modes (ENSO and IOD). When the lateral boundary conditions are provided by CGCMs, RCMs barely capture the regional teleconnection patterns associated with large-scale modes, and mostly depend on the selection of the driving CGCM. Comparison of the CGCM-driven RCM simulations with the reanalysis-driven RCM simulations revealed that most of the errors in teleconnection found in the RCM simulations are inherited from the host CGCMs. The ERA-Interim driven downscaled results show better agreement with observed spatial teleconnection patterns than the CGCM driven downscaled results. Analysis of the CGCMs and corresponding downscaled results showed that in most cases both the CGCM and the corresponding downscaled simulations had similar teleconnection patterns, but in some cases the RCM results diverge to those of the driving CGCM results. It has been demonstrated that similarities in SST-rainfall teleconnection patterns between the RCM simulations and respective driving CGCM simulations are noted over the equatorial and southern part of the region during OND season, where the rainfall is primarily controlled by large-scale (synoptic-scale) features, with the RCMs maintaining the overall regional patterns from the forcing models. Di↵erences in RCM simulations from corresponding driving simulations are noted mainly over northern part of the domain during JJAS, which is most likely related to mesoscale processes that are not resolved by CGCMs. Looking at the model projections of the future, although the spatial pattern of teleconnections between ENSO/IOD and rainfall still persist, important changes in the strength of the teleconnection have been found. During JJAS, ENSO is an important driver of rainfall variability in the northern parts of the region where dry anomalies are associated with El Ni˜no and wetter anomalies with La Ni˜na. Both regional and global ensemble projections show higher rainfall during La Ni˜na and lower rainfall during El Ni˜no over the northern part of the region compared to the present period. During OND, the teleconnection between ENSO/IOD and rainfall is projected to strengthen (weaken) over Eastern horn of Africa (southern parts of the region) compared to the present period. This implies heavy seasonal rains associated with positive phases of ENSO and IOD will increase in future across the Eastern horn of Africa. The change OND rainfall teleconnections are stronger and also more consistent between the models and scenarios as compared to the change in JJAS teleconnections. These findings have an important implication for the water and agricultural managers and policies in the region to tackle the anticipated droughts and floods associated anthropogenic climate change. Finally, the analysis demonstrated that the largest source of uncertainty in the regional climate model simulations in the context of teleconnective forcing of rainfall over Eastern Africa is the choice of CGCM used to force the RCMs, reinforcing the understanding that the use of a single GCM to downscale climate predictions/projections and using the downscaled product for assessment of climate change projections is insufficient. Simulations from multiple RCMs nested in more than one GCM, as is undertaken in the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), are needed to characterize the uncertainty and provide estimates of likely ranges of future regional climate changes.

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Zaveri, Rahul A. "Development and Evaluation of a Comprehensive Tropospheric Chemistry Model for Regional and Global Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30673.

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Accurate simulations of the global radiative impact of anthropogenic emissions must employ a tropospheric chemistry model that predicts realistic distributions of aerosols of all types. The need for a such a comprehensive yet computationally efficient tropospheric chemistry model is addressed in this research via systematic development of the various sub-models/mechanisms representing the gas-, aerosol-, and cloud-phase chemistries. The gas-phase model encompasses three tropospheric chemical regimes - background and urban, continental rural, and remote marine. The background and urban gas-phase mechanism is based on the paradigm of the Carbon Bond approach, modified for global-scale applications. The rural gas-phase chemistry includes highly condensed isoprene and a-pinene reactions. The isoprene photooxidation scheme is adapted for the present model from an available mechanism in the literature, while an a-pinene photooxidation mechanism, capable of predicting secondary organic aerosol formation, is developed for the first time from the available kinetic and product formation data. The remote marine gas- phase chemistry includes a highly condensed dimethylsulfide (DMS) photooxidation mechanism, based on a comprehensive scheme available in the literature. The proposed DMS mechanism can successfully explain the observed latitudinal variation in the ratios of methanesulfonic acid to non-sea-salt sulfate concentrations. A highly efficient dynamic aerosol growth model is developed for condensing inorganic gases. Algorithms are presented for calculating equilibrium surface concentrations over dry and wet multicomponent aerosols containing sulfate, nitrate, chloride, ammonium, and sodium. This alternative model is capable of predictions as accurate for completely dissolved aerosols, and more accurate for completely dry aerosols than some of the similar models available in the literature. For cloud processes, gas to liquid mass-transfer limitations to aqueous-phase reactions within cloud droplets are examined for all absorbing species by using the two-film model coupled with a comprehensive gas and aqueous-phase reaction mechanisms. Results indicate appreciable limitations only for the OH, HO2, and NO3 radicals. Subsequently, an accurate highly condensed aqueous-phase mechanism is derived for global-scale applications.<br>Ph. D.

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Books on the topic "Global and regional models"

1

Im, Hyŏn-jin. Global challenges in Asia: New development models and regional community building. Seoul National University Press, 2014.

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Kawwāz, Aḥmad. The Arab economies in multi-country models: Survey of some regional and global experiences. Economic Research Forum for the Arab Countries, Iran & Turkey, 1996.

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Regional impacts of global climate change: Assessing change and response at the scales that matter. Battelle Press, 1996.

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Authority, New York State Energy Research and Development. Contributions of global and regional sources to mercury deposition in New York State: Final report. The Authority, 2002.

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Adolf, Ebel, Friedrich R, and Rodhe H, eds. Tropospheric modelling and emission estimation: Chemical transport and emission modelling on regional, global, and urban scales. Springer, 1997.

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Hans-Josef, Jung, and Knottenberg Heinrich, eds. Modeling the influence of carbon dioxide on the global and regional climate: Methodology and results. Ferdinand Schöningh, 1985.

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Baldwin, Richard E. Global income divergence, trade and industrialization: The geography of growth take-offs. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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Karlene, Jones-Bley, and Zdanovich D. G, eds. Complex societies of Central Eurasia from the 3rd to the 1st millennium BC: Regional specifics in light of global models. Institute for the Study of Man, 2002.

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Investigations, United States Congress House Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and. The U.S. national climate change assessment: Do the climate models project a useful picture of regional climate? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, July 25, 2002. U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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Yunitto, Kagaku Gijutsu Shinkō Kikō Kenkyū Kaihatsu Senryaku Sentā Kankyō Gijutsu. Chiiki kankyō seitaikei yosoku moderu no tōgōteki kenkyū: Kikō hendō tekiōsaku ritsuan o mezashite : senryaku puroguramu = Synthetic study on forecast models of regional environment and ecosystems : towards the planning of adaptaion measures for climate change : strategic program. Kagaku Gijutsu Shinkō Kikō Kenkyū Kaihatsu Senryaku Sentā Kankyō Gijutsu Yunitto, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Global and regional models"

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Deque, M. "Regional Models." In Numerical Modeling of the Global Atmosphere in the Climate System. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4046-1_17.

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Ernst, Andreas, Silke Kuhn, Roland Barthel, et al. "DeepActor Models in DANUBIA." In Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16751-0_3.

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Li, Gang, Hui Quan, and Gordon KK Lan. "Analysis Models for Multi-regional Clinical Trials." In Simultaneous Global New Drug Development. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003109785-11.

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Kang, Seung-Ho, and Saemina Kim. "Hierarchical Linear Models for Multi-Regional Clinical Trials." In Simultaneous Global New Drug Development. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003109785-13.

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Zabel, Florian, Wolfram Mauser, and Thomas Marke. "Two-Way Coupling the PROMET and MM5 Models." In Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16751-0_33.

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Schott, Jean-Jacques, and Erwan Thébault. "Modelling the Earth’s Magnetic Field from Global to Regional Scales." In Geomagnetic Observations and Models. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9858-0_9.

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Marke, Thomas, Wolfram Mauser, Andreas Pfeiffer, Günther Zängl, Daniela Jacob, and Swantje Preuschmann. "Climate Variants of the MM5 and REMO Regional Climate Models." In Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16751-0_51.

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Duffy, Philip B., Eric Maloney, and Justin Sheffield. "Global Climate Model Simulations of North America." In Regional Climate Studies. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03768-4_4.

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Handorf, Dörthe, Wolfgang Dorn, Klaus Dethloff, Annette Rinke, and Antje Weisheimer. "Internal Climate Variability in Global and Regional Climate Models." In The Climate in Historical Times. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10313-5_21.

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Bodin, Thomas, Yann Capdeville, Barbara Romanowicz, and Jean-Paul Montagner. "Interpreting Radial Anisotropy in Global and Regional Tomographic Models." In The Earth's Heterogeneous Mantle. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15627-9_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Global and regional models"

1

Zelinskaya, Maria. "Digital Economy: Regional And Global Aspects." In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.463.

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Bulatova, Olena, Tetiana Shabelnyk, Tetyana Marena, and Nataliia Reznikova. "Influence of Regional Financial Market Models on the Structure of Global Financial Assets." In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Strategies, Models and Technologies of Economic Systems Management (SMTESM 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/smtesm-19.2019.55.

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Ganz, Kirstin, Timo Kern, and Maik Gunther. "WEGA and MInGa – Considering regional transmission capacities for global gas market models." In 2020 17th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem49802.2020.9221880.

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Demir, Selda. "REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF RECENT GLOBAL GEOPOTENTIAL MODELS: A CASE STUDY IN TURKEY." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/22/s09.068.

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Dagbayev, E. D., N. Zh Dagbayeva, T. B. Badmatsyrenov, and P. P. Dashinimayeva. "New Global Reality And Challenges To Regional Growth." In Proceedings of the International conference "Economy in the modern world" (ICEMW 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemw-18.2018.11.

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Emmitt, George. "Simulating space-based lidar performance using global and regional scale atmospheric numerical models." In Optical Remote Sensing. OSA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ors.2001.owb3.

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Korobetskaya, A. "Cyclicity In Russian Regional Economy Sectors: Models And Results." In Proceedings of the II International Scientific Conference GCPMED 2019 - "Global Challenges and Prospects of the Modern Economic Development". European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.03.74.

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Chistik, O. F. "Analyzing Processes Of Workingage Mortality: Regional Approach." In Global Challenges and Prospects of The Modern Economic Development. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.04.02.160.

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Zaychikova, N. A. "Factors Affecting Regional Foreign Economic Activity In Russia." In Global Challenges and Prospects of The Modern Economic Development. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.04.02.177.

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Brazinskas, Sigitas, Vida Pipirienė, and Shukrullo Khayrzoda. "Digital business and media platforms – enablers of manifold regional and global opportunities." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.070.

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Purpose – digital platforms play a growing role in business development and create opportunities beyond earlier existed boundaries as countries, regions and industrial sectors. Industrial Internet concepts as a holistic application emerge, disruptive challenges trigger changes and evolution of existing business models. This paper unravels and analyses models and features of networks, market places, media platforms across various sectors along with arising opportunities. Research methodology – research is based on benchmarking across selected digital platforms and impact analysis according to defined criteria and selected business models. Findings – results justify scientific approach and contribute with a benchmarked view across different sectoral platforms, assess opportunities of the emerging digital era. The evolution of business patterns and the impact on changing models are key findings of the paper. Research limitations – a certain number of platform models and their features are analyzed as well as impact, represented sectors are largely grouped. Practical implications – results will have substantial practical application to business strategies adjustment, updated view on existing transformations across several business sectors and emerging business models. Originality/Value – a united view is possessed on different platforms across regions and sectors, it combines several integrated angles towards digital development and provides with clear and applicable solutions

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Reports on the topic "Global and regional models"

1

Crowley, T. J., and N. R. Smith. Regional forecasting with global atmospheric models; Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/145240.

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Crowley, T. J., G. R. North, and N. R. Smith. Regional forecasting with global atmospheric models; Third year report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/145223.

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Crowley, T. J., G. R. North, and N. R. Smith. Regional forecasting with global atmospheric models; Fourth year report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/145245.

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Kindle, John, and Julie Pullen. Global HYCOM Initial and Boundary Conditions for Regional and Coastal Models. Defense Technical Information Center, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573419.

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Rizzoli, Paola. Assimilation of Local and Global Datasets with Regional and Basin-scale Models of Ocean Circulation. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628811.

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Gunzburger, Max. Transforming How Climate System Models are Used: A Global, Multi-Resolution Approach to Regional Ocean Modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1068693.

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Avissar, Roni. Improving Cloud and Precipitation Physics in a Seamless Regional-Global Climate Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1137125.

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Olson, R. J. Global and Regional Ecosystem Modeling: Databases of Model Drivers and Validation Measurements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814241.

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Shulman, Igor, and Ole M. Smedstad. Data Assimilation and Coupling the Global NRL Model with the Regional Princeton Ocean Model. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628053.

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Gregor, Nicholas, Kofi Addo, Linda Al Atik, et al. Comparison of NGA-Sub Ground-Motion Models. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ubdv7944.

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Ground-motion models (GMMs) for subduction earthquakes recently developed as part of the NGA-Subduction (NGA-Sub) project are compared in this report. The three models presented in this comparison report are documented in their respective PEER reports. Two of the models are developed for a global version and as well regionalized models. The third model is developed based on earthquakes contain in the NGA-Sub dataset only from Japan and as such is applicable for Japan. As part of the comparisons presented in this report, deterministic calculations are provided for the global and regional cases amongst the models. The digital values and additional plots from these deterministic comparisons are provided as part of the electronic supplement for this report. In addition, ground-motion estimates are provided for currently published subduction GMMs. Two example probabilistic seismic hazard analysis calculations are also presented for two sites located in the Pacific Northwest Region in the state of Washington. Based on the limited comparisons presented in this report, a general understanding of these new GMMs can be appreciated with the expectation that the implementation for a specific seismic hazard study should incorporate similar and additional comparisons and sensitivity studies similar to the ones presented in this report.

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