Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gliomes – Radiothérapie'
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Gimenez, Paul. "Radiothérapie par photoactivation de nanoparticules et effet Mössbauer." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS038/document.
Full textAn efficient radiotherapy needs a localized dose to the tumour, which means a high contrast between tumorous and healthy tissues. A synchrotron low energy monochromatic irradiation of a tumour charged in high-Z elements allows maximizing photoelectric interactions in the tumour and spare the healthy tissues. Photoelectrons and high LET Auger electrons thus produced deposit their energy locally, enhancing radiation dose to tumor cells. Another interaction allows to enhance the dose by Auger electrons: the Mössbauer effect. This resonant and recoilless interaction specific to some isotopes like 57Fe has a cross section 450 times bigger than photoelectric effect. This thesis evaluates the in vitro use of magnetite nanoparticles combined with those 2 types of interactions. The nanoparticles evaluated present a high internalisation and a perinuclear distribution inside F98 cells. A dose-enhancement factor of 3 was obtained by photo activation of the iron Nps, this represents a huge increase. This multidisciplinary work encompasses experiments in chemistry, physics and biology in order to evaluate the applications of magnetite nanoparticles to radiotherapy
Ouedraogo, Zangbewende guy. "Rôle de l'activation de STAT3 dans l'agressivité des glioblastomes. : Cancérologie expérimentale." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF1MM26/document.
Full textGliomas are tumors of the central nervous system. The highest degree in glioma malignancy is Glioblastoma (GBM) that is the most frequent of the brain cancers. GBM patients are treated by surgery at first (if it is possible), followed by radiotherapy and concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide. However, this treatment is not curative in part because GBM cells display an outstanding primary radioresistance. The JAK/STAT3 (Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3) signaling pathway seems to be involved in the GBM aggressiveness. STAT3 is an intracellular signal transducer protein. It is activated by phosphorylation on its tyrosine 705 (pSTAT3-Y705) and serine 727 (pSTAT3-S727) residues. The tyrosine 705 activation is produced downstream the signal induced by the binding of interleukine-6 (IL-6) cytokine to its gp130-IL-6Rα transmembrane receptor complex. The mechanisms of the serine 727 phosphorylation are less characterized. The role of STAT3 activation in the radioresistance of GBM was studied here. Basal levels of pSTAT3-Y705, pSTAT3-S727 and intrinsic radioresistance were evaluateded in a panel of 15 GBM cel lines. Activation of STAT3 in the glioma cell lines was assessed by western blotting and radioresistance through cell surviving fraction to irradiation. In addition to the description of the basal activation of STAT3 in the glioma cell lines, this study evidenced, for the first time, a correlation between pSTAT3-S727 and GBM intrinsic radioresistance. Using a pharmacological inhibition strategy, we identified Gö6976 as a chemical blocking Y705 phosphorylation of STAT3 in GBM cells. Gö6976 also inhibited pSTAT3-S727 but only in the pSTAT3-Y705-negative cell lines. Treating GBM cell with Gö6976 slowed their growth regardless of STAT3 activation status. Interestingly, Gö6976 showed a highly significant radiosensitizing effect on pSTAT3-Y705-negative cell lines that was consistent with the down-modulation of pSTAT3-S727. The relevance of these results is strengthened by immunohistochemical assay performed of GBM clinical samples that showed a variable level of pSTAT3-S727 positive staining in all tumor cells of all the patients. Furthermore, we are currently running on an in vitro study of the pSTAT3-S727 biological function by the mean of STAT3 dominant positive and dominant negative proteins. In summary, we showed that pSTAT3-S727 is involved in the intrinsic radioresistance and that pSTAT3-Y705 is a negative predicting marker of GBM cell response to Gö6976 as both a pSTAT3-S727 inhibitor and a radiosensitizer. Altogether, our results strengthen the clinical relevance of a specific inhibition of pSTAT3-S727 to radiosensitize GBM and then improve the patient treatment
Adam, Jean-François. "Tumeurs cérébrales & rayonnement synchrotron : développements méthodologiques en imagerie quantitative de la perfusion et en radiothérapie renforcée par effet photo-électrique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE19010.
Full textHigh-grade gliomas are the most frequent type of primary brain tumors in adults. Unfortunately, the management of glioblastomas is still mainly palliative and remains a difficult challenge, despite advances in brain tumor molecular biology and in some emerging novel therapies. Synchrotron radiation opens new fields for medical imaging and radiation therapy by using monochromatic intense x-ray beams. It is now well known that angiogenesis plays a critical role in the tumor growth process and that brain perfusion is representative of the tumor mitotic activity. Synchrotron Radiation Quantitative Computed Tomography is one of the most accurate techniques for measuring in vivo contrast agent concentration and thus computing precise and accurate absolute values of the brain perfusion key parameters. In conventional radiotherapy, treatment of brain tumors remains a delicate challenge, because the damages to the surrounding normal brain tissue limit the amount of radiation that can be delivered. One strategy to overcome this limitation is to infuse an iodinated contrast agent to the patient during the irradiation. The contrast agent accumulates in the tumor, through the broken blood brain barrier, and the irradiation is performed with kilovoltage X-rays, in tomographic mode, the tumor being located at the center of rotation and the beam size adjusted to the tumor dimensions. The dose enhancement results from the photoelectric effect on the heavy element and from the irradiation geometry. Synchrotron beams, providing high intensity, tunable monochromatic X-rays, are ideal for this treatment. The beam properties allow the selection of monochromatic irradiation, at the optimal energy, for a maximal dose deposit in the tumor, while sparing healthy tissues. The two complementary methods developed in this thesis offer new perspectives in the understanding of glioma growth process and in their treatment by radiation therapy. They show the potential of synchrotron radiation for absolute brain perfusion imaging, and for new therapeutic modalities using intense monochromatic X-rays
Pinel, Sophie. "Conséquences de l'érythropoiétine recombinante humaine sur l'hypoxie tumorale et l'efficacité de la radiothérapie sur deux gliomes malins humains xénogregreffés." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0256_PINEL.pdf.
Full textCalmon, Raphael. "IRM multimodale sériée dans les gliomes infiltrants du tronc cérébral chez l'enfant." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066462/document.
Full textDiffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma is a pediatric tumor with very poor prognosis. Median survival is 9-12 months. Its typical MRI appearance allows for diagnosis without histological confirmation, but has limited understanding its pathophysiology for years. DIPGs molecular identity identified as histone H3K27M mutations in 2012 defined them as a separate entity. Two subgroups with different phenotypes and prognoses are associated with mutations in one of the two variants H3.1/H3.3 of histone H3. The aim of this thesis was to use multimodal imaging techniques to better understand the pathophysiology of DIPG, by observing the evolution of the effects of different treatments over time. 1st, we showed an increase in perfusion indices associated with decreased edema after radiotherapy. Secondly, we have described the phenomenon of pseudo-progression in MRI, an increase in tumor volume and enhancement associated with a significant increase in perfusion index. This shouldn’t be confused with true tumor progression. The ratio of increase in lesion’s blood flow after radiotherapy has high sensitivity and specificity to identify pseudo-progression. 3rd, we compared the imaging parameters with the histological data to better understand the differences between the histone mutations. The mutated tumors H3.1 have more edema, more necrosis and a lower perfusion. While mutated H3.3 tumors have a higher tumor burden. Tumor burden is positive correlated to lesion blood volume. Multimodal imaging is essential in monitoring and understanding the physiopathological mechanisms of DIPG. It should be included in the research protocols in order to advance and then one day to cure these small patients
Deman, Pierre. "Tumeurs cérébrales et rayonnement Synchrotron. Développement méthodologique pour la radiothérapie par minifaisceaux et suivi du traitement par imagerie fonctionnelle." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682877.
Full textLaprie, Anne. "Imagerie métabolique par spectrométrie de résonnance magnétique des tumeurs gliales de haut-grade irradiées de l'adulte et de l'enfant." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30332.
Full textVanpouille-Box, Claire. "Les nanocapsules lipidiques chargées en Rhénium-188 : nouvel outil pour la radiothérapie interne du carcinome hépatocellulaire et du gliome." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664659.
Full textRoullin, Valérie-Gaëlle. "Traitement des gliomes malins par implantation stéréotaxique de microsphères chargées en 5-fluorouracile : Suivi in vivo de l'efficacité du traitement par Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique." Angers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ANGE0508.
Full textRousseau, Julia. "Chimio-radiothérapie des tumeurs cérébrales : intérêt de l'injection intratumorale de drogues antinéoplasiques." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274902.
Full textWerbrouck, Coralie. "Modélisation in vitro & in vivo de la résistance à la radiothérapie dans les gliomes infiltrants du tronc cérébral (DIPG) TP53 Pathway Alterations Drive Radioresistance in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPG)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL001.
Full textDiffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are the most severe pediatric brain tumours. Though accepted as the main therapeutic, radiotherapy is only transiently efficient and not even in every patient. We previously identified a heterogeneous response to radiotherapy at diagnosis (Castel et al., 2015). The aim of the project was to define the mechanisms of radioresistance.First, we assessed in vitro response to ionizing radiations in a collection of DIPG cellular models derived from treatment-naïve biopsies and we uncovered TP53 mutation as the main driver of increased radioresistance. We validated this finding in 4 isogenic pairs of DIPG cells with TP53WT and TP53KD. Then, we demonstrated with an extended cohort of 73 DIPG patients that mutated TP53 patients had a poor response to radiotherapy. Using a kinome-wide synthetic lethality RNAi screen, we further identified target genes that can sensitize TP53MUT DIPG to ionizing radiations. CHK1 inhibition increases response to radiation specifically in TP53MUT cells and could be considered as a new therapeutic approach in this setting. Finally, we established in vitro radioresistant DIPG cells to study tumour relapse and we developed tools to model post-radiotherapy relapse through the study of clonal dynamics using single cell RGB marking.In all, this results go further in the understanding of the DIPG radioresistance. We demonstrated that a TP53 alteration is a theranostic marker to predict radioresistance and we opened new therapeutic opportunities in combination with radiotherapy for the treatment of this pediatric disease, which remains incurable
Taillandier, Luc. "Un modèle de xénogreffes de gliomes humains et son utilisation en recherches pré-cliniques biologique et thérapeutique." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN11309.
Full textWang, Xiao Wei. "IDH1/2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2) Mutations in Gliomas : Genotype-Phenotype Correlation, Prognostic impact, and Response to Irradiation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996458.
Full textBeauchesne, Patrick. "Effets des faibles doses de radiations ionisantes sur des lignées cellulaires humaines de gliomes malins, et radiosensibilisation potentielle par et oposide, paclitaxel, et fotémustine." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T002.
Full textMalignant gliomas display aggressive local behavior, and are not cured by existing therapy. Few studies have indicated that some cell lines, considered as radioresistant, respond to low radiation doses (<1 Gy) with an increased cell killing by low-dose radiation, termed « low dose hypersensitivity ». We examined the low-dose radiation response of 5 human malignant glioma cell lines. For all but one cell line, a significant increase in X-ray radiosensitivity at doses below 1 Gy was found. The SF (survival fraction) at 0. 7 Gy or/and 0. 8 Gy were comparable to those at 1. 5 Gy. In addition, an increase X-ray radiosensitivity at doses below 1 Gy were also noted with 4 human melanoma cell lines (MeWo, M4Be, A375p, and SKM2) and MRC5 human fibroblasts. As expected, low dose hypersensitivity was not seen in radiosensitive cell lines (H460, MCF7). Repeated irradiation with low doses compared to irradiation with a single equivalent dose result in SF decreases in glioma cells and in a dramatic growth inhibition of tumors in mice. Moreover, p53 was not involved in this phenomenon. A delay in triggering DNA repair mechanisms was noted in G5 and CL35 glioma cell lines, and a selective induction of apoptosis at doses below 1 Gy was seen in G5 cell line. We were able to prove that the anti-cancer drugs, etoposide - paclitaxel - fotemustine, could enhance the effect of radiation therapy on malignant glioma cell lines. These results open new perspectives for the radiation therapy of malignant glioma patients
Van, Praagh Isabelle. "La chimiothérapie intensive des gliomes malins de haut grade de l'adulte : à propos de 23 cas traités par BCNU à forte dose suivi d'autogreffe de moelle osseuse et de radiothérapie." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF13021.
Full textBailleul, Quentin. "Etude de l'impact de la mutation H3.3K27M sur le phénotype agressif et résistant de lignées cellulaires de gliome pédiatrique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1S107.
Full textDiffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma is one of the worst pediatric brain tumors regarding prognosis due to cell resistance to chemo and radiotherapy. One of DIPG cells main characteristics is a mono-allelic mutation on the lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27M). This mutation inhibits the trimethylation of this lysine that leads to strong modifications of gene expression. Even though this mutation seems to be a driver event in tumorigenesis, its role in cell resistance to treatment has not been deciphered. To accomplish this, we needed to establish complementary cellular models of induction but also the reversion of the mutation.This way, to evaluate the role of the mutation on resistance to treatment, we first induced the mutation in three H3K27-unmutated pediatric glioma cell lines. In parallel, using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology and gene trapping approaches, we establish DIPG cellular models in which the mutation has be reversed to restore an H3F3A wild type gene. These two strategies allowed us to have a panel of available cellular models with or without mutation. Basis on these models, we evaluated the precise role of H3.3K27M mutation on chemo and radioresistance but also on cell growth and clonogenic properties.For the model of induction, we confirmed the epigenetics impact of the mutation. Next, we showed an increased cell growth due to the mutation in two cell lines, concomitantly with an increase of clonogenic properties. H3.3K27M mutation had an impact on resistance to both chemotherapy or ionizing radiation in the same cell lines. We could identify several drugs for which the mutation increases cell resistance. We observed that H3.3K27M could improve cell resistance and aggressiveness, especially in a low-grade glioma context. Concerning the mutation reversion, we validated the loss of the mutation in one DIPG cell line. In this way, we succeeded in restoring the H3K27me3 mark. Our preliminary assays on cell growth and clonogenic properties exhibit results that are in adequacy with those obtained on the induction model.To sum up, these different models would allow us to decipher cellular and molecular mechanisms induced by the H3.3K27M mutation in DIPG cells, including resistance to treatment, and possibly identify putative therapeutic targets
Desmarais, Guillaume. "Effet des radiations sur la croissance tumorale chez le modèle de gliome murin F98/Fisher." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5959.
Full textLabussière, Marianne. "Impact du fractionnement du traitement sur les propriétés radiosensibilisantes du bortézomib sur deux modèles de gliome malin humain xénogreffés." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10132/document.
Full textMalignant gliomas are the most common neoplasm of the central nervous system and patients prognosis remains dismal, despite aggressive surgery, radio- and chemotherapy. Radiotherapy is a major treatment modality in this tumoral type but its usefulness is limited by normal brain tissue toxicity. The concomitant administration of a radiosensitizing agent is an innovative strategy to improve ionizing radiations efficacy. Bortezomib (Velcade®) belongs to a new class of anticancer agents, i.e. the proteasome inhibitors, and this molecule has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Our objectives are to study the radiosensitizing properties of bortezomib on two human malignant glioma models xenografted onto nude mice. Our work was designed to evaluate the impact of treatment fractionation on the antitumor activity of the concomitant association of bortezomib and radiotherapy. Our results show that bortezomib is a potent radiosensitizer on our two malignant glioma models but these properties are lost when treatments are fractionated according to a typical clinical schedule. In conditions of fractionated treatment, we demonstrate that bortezomib reduces the radio-induced apoptosis. This may be linked to the loss of the inhibitory properties of bortezomib secondary to consecutive infusions. We also evaluate the importance of the transcription factor NF-?B in the radioresponse of the malignant glioma xenografts used. Finally, our work emphasizes on the importance of performing preclinical studies using doses and therapeutic schedule mimicking the clinical settings to provide more predictive results of treatment response in Humans
Bobyk, Laure. "Renforcement de la dose par rayonnement synchrotron et atomes lourds dans le cadre du traitement des gliomes." Phd thesis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557745.
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