Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gliome diffus'
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Ben, Abdallah Mériem. "Un modèle de l'évolution des gliomes diffus de bas grade sous chimiothérapie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0215/document.
Full textDiffuse low-grade gliomas are brain tumors of young adults. In this thesis, we focus on the segmentation and on the modeling of these tumors. In the first part of the manuscript, we study the segmentation of diffuse low-grade gliomas based on different manual and semi-automatic methods. The delineation of these tumors can be problematic because of their very infiltrating and inhomogeneous nature. In clinical practice, the monitoring of diffuse low-grade gliomas is based on the estimation of tumor volume, obtained either through a segmentation followed by a software reconstruction or through the three diameters method. As for the segmentation, it is manual and it is performed by practitioners on FLAIR-weighted or T2-weighted MRI.The three diameters approach is fast but it is difficult to implement in the case of highly infiltrating diffuse low grade gliomas or after a treatment. The manual segmentation and software-based volume reconstruction solution is time-consuming but it remains more accurate in comparison with the three diameters method. We investigate in this work the reproducibility of the manual segmentation with the OsiriX software by performing a subjective test in the Living Lab PROMETEE in TELECOM Nancy. The results of this study show that neither the practitioners' specialty nor their number of years of experience seem to have a significant impact on the quality of the segmentation. We also compare the results to those of a second test where we apply the three diameters method. Finally, we explore two semi-automatic segmentation algorithms which are, respectively, based on active contours and on the level set method. Even if automatic segmentation seems to be a promising avenue, we recommend for now the use of manual segmentation because of the diffuse nature of low-grade gliomas, which makes the tumor's contours complex to delineate. The second part of the manuscript is dedicated to the modeling of diffuse low-grade gliomas themselves or, to be more precise, to the modeling of the evolution of the tumor's diameter during chemotherapy. The therapeutic management of patients with these tumors often includes indeed chemotherapy. For this work, we focus on Temozolomide chemotherapy in first-line treatment. After the beginning of the treatment, the practitioners would like to determine the optimum time of discontinuation. We propose a statistical modeling of tumor diameter under chemotherapy. This modeling is based on linear and exponential regression models. It can predict the tumor diameter from a set of training dataset and can alert the clinician on the state of change in diameter under treatment. We hope that these models will, eventually, be used as a tool in the planning of chemotherapy in a clinical environment
Gerin, Chloé. "Modélisation et études histologiques de gliomes diffus de bas grade." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077066.
Full textDiffuse low-grade gliomas (LGG) are primary brain tumors. After a slow growth, they evolve to high-grade gliomas, resulting into death. These tumors are very diffuse, thus diffîcult to treat. A better knownledge of them could allow to cure them or, failing that, to optimize treatments. We studied the growth of LGG with a simple mathematical model, which led us to speculate (i) that they arise in adolescence, (ii) that the age of the tumor at diagnosis can be calculated easily, and (iii) that the growth rate is an important prognostic factor. This last prediction is consistent with clinical observations. To test this spatial model, we have quantitatively characterized biopsy tissues of human LGG, particularly the presence of edema. The microscopic analysis of these data underpins the idea that edema is the cause of the abnormality seen on T2-weighted MR imaging. To take this new result into account, we have incorporated edema into the initial model as a consequence of the presence of tumor cells. This model helps explain the long decay of the tumor radius for tens of months after radiation therapy: as tumor cells become less numerous, drainage of the edema becomes predominant. This model, which has only three free parameters, has been validated thanks to clinical data from twenty patients
Ben, Abdallah Mériem. "Un modèle de l'évolution des gliomes diffus de bas grade sous chimiothérapie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0215.
Full textDiffuse low-grade gliomas are brain tumors of young adults. In this thesis, we focus on the segmentation and on the modeling of these tumors. In the first part of the manuscript, we study the segmentation of diffuse low-grade gliomas based on different manual and semi-automatic methods. The delineation of these tumors can be problematic because of their very infiltrating and inhomogeneous nature. In clinical practice, the monitoring of diffuse low-grade gliomas is based on the estimation of tumor volume, obtained either through a segmentation followed by a software reconstruction or through the three diameters method. As for the segmentation, it is manual and it is performed by practitioners on FLAIR-weighted or T2-weighted MRI.The three diameters approach is fast but it is difficult to implement in the case of highly infiltrating diffuse low grade gliomas or after a treatment. The manual segmentation and software-based volume reconstruction solution is time-consuming but it remains more accurate in comparison with the three diameters method. We investigate in this work the reproducibility of the manual segmentation with the OsiriX software by performing a subjective test in the Living Lab PROMETEE in TELECOM Nancy. The results of this study show that neither the practitioners' specialty nor their number of years of experience seem to have a significant impact on the quality of the segmentation. We also compare the results to those of a second test where we apply the three diameters method. Finally, we explore two semi-automatic segmentation algorithms which are, respectively, based on active contours and on the level set method. Even if automatic segmentation seems to be a promising avenue, we recommend for now the use of manual segmentation because of the diffuse nature of low-grade gliomas, which makes the tumor's contours complex to delineate. The second part of the manuscript is dedicated to the modeling of diffuse low-grade gliomas themselves or, to be more precise, to the modeling of the evolution of the tumor's diameter during chemotherapy. The therapeutic management of patients with these tumors often includes indeed chemotherapy. For this work, we focus on Temozolomide chemotherapy in first-line treatment. After the beginning of the treatment, the practitioners would like to determine the optimum time of discontinuation. We propose a statistical modeling of tumor diameter under chemotherapy. This modeling is based on linear and exponential regression models. It can predict the tumor diameter from a set of training dataset and can alert the clinician on the state of change in diameter under treatment. We hope that these models will, eventually, be used as a tool in the planning of chemotherapy in a clinical environment
Laprie, Anne. "Imagerie métabolique par spectrométrie de résonnance magnétique des tumeurs gliales de haut-grade irradiées de l'adulte et de l'enfant." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30332.
Full textLeventoux, Nicolas. "Etude des foyers d’hétérogénéité tumorale dans les gliomes diffus de bas grade de l’adulte mutés IDH1." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT037.
Full textGliomas are the main primary brain tumours affecting around 4000 new patients in France each year. Half of gliomas are detected in the advanced stage of glioblastoma (grade IV) while 15% of tumours are diagnosed in stage II (diffuse low-grade gliomas-DLGG). These tumors affect young patients and bear characteristic mutations, including a mutation for the enzyme IDH1 commonly found in secondary glioblastomas. These low-grade tumours are treated by surgery, ideally in awake condition but due to their diffuse nature, the residual part will progress inexorably to stage III or IV with overall survival between 5 and 15 years after diagnosis. Tumor progression is highly variable and unpredictable from one patient to another. Foci of tumor progression have been identified in 20% of patients with DLGG. These foci show a higher cell density and an increased Ki67. My thesis work consisted in studying the cellular and molecular changes associated with tumor progression. From the RNA profile of the foci and adjacent territories, I was able to highlight through high-throughput techniques significant decrease in gene expression in the foci, particularly of AGXT2L1/ETNPPL, carboxypeptidase E, EDNRB, SFRP2. I hypothesized that SFRP2 and ETNPLL could oppose cell proliferation and that their decrease would pave the way for tumor transformation. An inverse correlation between the amount of ETNPPL and the survival of patients with hepatocarcinoma has been published. By limiting the amount of phospholipid precursors in the cell, ETNPPL could act as a brake against proliferation and indeed, its decrease in glioma transformation foci could remove this inhibition. My PhD work will have been innovative in the comparative approach of the different tumors’ compartments for each patient studied and will have revealed ETNPPL as correlated to gliomagenesis and as potential therapeutic target
Lemaitre, Anne-Laure. "Métacognition et personnalité chez des patients porteurs d'un gliome diffus de bas grade : un eclairage nouveau sur le potentiel plastique du cerveau humain." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H059.
Full textRecent findings in the field of neuropsychology have allowed to move from a localized to a dynamic network approach of brain functions. This paradigmatic shift, from a static to a reshaping brain, has been supported by the investigation of patients with low-grade glioma, a neurological tumor known to trigger processes of compensation and rescue of brain functions. However, it is currently unestablished whether this neuroplastic compensation may extend to higher-order cognitive functions, specifically those involved in self-consciousness. By using both anatomo-functional correlational methods based on lesions localization and structural disconnection approach, the purpose of this work was to assess the extent to which the neurosurgical resections of low-grade glioma affect metacognitive processes and personality traits. First, we showed that frontal lobectomies, both unilateral and bilateral, did not induce metaperceptive impairments despite the established role of the prefrontal cortex in metacognition. Likewise, our results suggest that massive surgical resections did not significantly affect personality traits. However, some of them such as positive schizotypy, and a few behavioral modifications, such as anosognosia, were found to be associated with the disruption of some white matter bundles
Gerin, Chloé. "Modélisation et étude histologique de gliomes diffus de bas grade." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820353.
Full textHerbet, Guillaume. "Vers un modèle à double voie dynamique et hodotopique de l'organisation anatomo-fonctionnelle de la mentalisation : étude par cartographie cérébrale multimodale chez les patients porteurs d'un gliome diffus de bas-grade." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON1T004/document.
Full textUnderstanding how the brain produces sophisticated behaviours strongly depends of our knowledge on its anatomical and functional organization. Until recently, it was believed that high-level cognition was merely the by-product of the neural activity of discrete and highly specialized cortical areas. Major findings obtained in the past decade from neuroimaging, particularly from the field of connectomics, prompt now researchers to revise drastically their conceptions about the links between brain structures and functions. The brain seems indeed organized in complex, highly distributed and plastic neurocognitive networks. This is in this state of mind that our work has been carried out. Its foremost ambition was to rethink actuals models of social cognition, especially mentalizing, through the behavioural study of patients harbouring a diffuse low-grade glioma. Because this rare neurological tumour induces major functional reorganization phenomena and migrates preferentially along axonal associative connectivity, it constitutes an excellent pathophysiological model for unmasking the core structures subserving complex cognitive systems. Anatomo-clinical correlations were conducted according to both a classical topological approach (region of interest analyses, voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping, intraoperative cortical electrostimulation) and a hodological approach (degree of disconnection of associative white matter fasciculi, intraoperative axonal connectivity mapping). The main results of our different studies enable us to lay the foundation of a dynamic (plastic) and hodotopical (connectivity) dual-stream model of mentalizing. Specifically, a dorsal stream, interconnecting mirror frontoparietal areas via the perisylvian network (arcuate fasciculus and lateral superior longitudinal fasciculus), may subserve low-level perceptual processes required in rapid and pre-reflective identification of mental states; a cingulo-medial stream, interconnecting medial prefrontal and rostro-cingulated areas with medial posterior parietal areas via the cingulum, may subserve higher-level processes required in reflective mentalistic inferences. These original findings represents a great step in social neuroscience, have major implications in clinical practice, and opens new opportunities in understanding certain pathological conditions characterized by both mentalizing deficits and aberrant structural connectivity (e.g. autism spectrum disorders)
Laurenge-Leprince, Alice. "Impact of D-2HG on the Tumor Microenvironment of IDH-mutated Gliomas." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04905906.
Full textBackground: Diffuse gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system. A subset of these tumors harbors mutations in the genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH), which confer a neo-activity that converts alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) produced by the wildtype enzyme into D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). The accumulation of this oncometabolite competitively inhibits α-KG-dependent dioxygenases, including the TET (Ten Eleven Translocase) family of DNA hydroxylases and the JmjC/KDM family of histone demethylases. This ultimately leads to hypermethylation of both histones and DNA in tumor cells. Tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAMs) are abundant myeloid cells in gliomas, with their phenotype and immune responses shaped by ontogeny and the tumor microenvironment. The characteristics of TAMs differ depending on the IDH status of the glioma, yet the regulatory mechanisms underlying these differences remain poorly understood. D-2HG released by IDH-mutant (IDH-m) glioma cells into the microenvironment may affect the phenotype and function of TAMs. We hypothesized that D-2HG may influence the epigenome of TAMs, as in the case of tumor cells.Materials and Methods: We compared the bulk DNA methylome (Methylation EPIC array) and transcriptome of TAMs (CD11B+ cells purified via magnetic-activated cell sorting) from 25 IDH-mutant (IDH-m) and 11 IDH-wildtype (IDH-wt) gliomas, as well as control tissues. To experimentally assess the direct effects of D-2HG, the oncometabolite produced and released by IDH-m glioma cells, we used primary cultures of human microglial cells obtained from glioma or epilepsy surgeries. We first measured D-2HG levels in D-2HG-treated microglia using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to confirm metabolite uptake, and evaluated TET enzymatic activity. Bona fide IDH-m and IDH-wt cells were used as external controls. Microglia were exposed to D-2HG for 14 days, after which we analyzed their DNA methylome and transcriptome. Ratios of 5mC/5hmC were examined at single-base resolution. We evaluated the transcriptomic response and the mitochrondrial respiration after LPS stimulation of microglia pre-treated with D-2HG. Lastly, we performed single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) on microglial cells from a paired IDH-m glioma sample, before and after treatment with the IDH-m inhibitor ivosidenib, known to reduce intratumoral D-2HG levels.Results: Our analysis revealed that CD11B+ myeloid cells in human IDH-m gliomas exhibit DNA hypermethylation predominantly at distal enhancers. This hypermethylation is associated with decreased expression of genes involved in inflammatory responses and glycolytic metabolism, as well as the inactivation of transcription factors critical for microglial response to environmental stimuli. Prolonged exposure of primary human microglia to D-2HG inhibited TET-mediated 5mC oxidation, leading to reduced global 5hmC accumulation. High 5mC/5hmC ratios were particularly prominent at lineage-specific enhancers. Consistent with this altered enhancer landscape, D-2HG-treated microglia demonstrated diminished proinflammatory capacity and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation. Conversely, depletion of D-2HG following ivosidenib treatment in an IDH-m glioma patient was associated with the restoration of microglial gene expression related to activation.Conclusion: Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the hyporesponsive state of microglia in IDH-m gliomas and support the concept that oncometabolites, such as D-2HG, can disrupt the function of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment
Brzenczek, Cyril. "Modélisation multi-facteurs pour l’aide à la décision dans le traitement par chimiothérapie des tumeurs cérébrales de type gliome diffus de bas grade." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0095.
Full textDiffuse Low-Grade Glioma (DLGG) is defined by the WHO as a primary tumour of the central nervous system and represents 15% of all glial tumours combined. A DLGG grows slowly, and inevitably evolve into a much more aggressive (grade III) glioma, which eventually leads to the death of the patient. Three types of treatment are available: surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Today, the median survival rates reported in studies varies from 10 to 15 years. Unfortunately, the prognosis for DLGG is highly variable, with a high standard deviation of total survival, and some patients are surviving only a few years. Within the framework of DLGG management at Nancy University Hospital, chemotherapy is one of the most widely used treatments and there are very variable responses in terms of intensity, duration and response profiles. The thesis work is located in this context. It concerns the study of the response to chemotherapy and consists in developing decision-making tools for the neuro-oncologist in the follow-up of patients. The first part of this thesis work therefore focuses on the choice of the volumetric method. The volume response curve can then be characterised in terms of response intensity. The second part of this work concerns response modelling using statistical learning techniques. Many explanatory variables (epidemiological, genetic) are under study. A new variable called ESVR, which is an original measure allowing us to quantify the infiltrating DLGG phenotype, will also be used. The factorial analysis and machine learning methods initially make possible to define the variables that provide the most information. Exploratory analyses of the data reveal a redundancy of information among certain genetic and epidemiological factors. The models show a greater influence of quantitative variables on the response to chemotherapy compared to qualitative variables. A discussion is finally produced on the importance of the variables used in the prediction of the response to chemotherapy. The aim of this thesis is to produce a set of rules which will enable clinicians to anticipate, before administering the treatment, its effect on tumour volume, which will allow a more advised choice of therapeutic strategy than possible nowadays
Yordanova, Yordanka Nikolova. "Un éclairage nouveau sur les bases neurales de la mentalisation : une étude combinant cartographie multimodale et IRM fonctionnelle de repos chez des patients atteints d’un gliome diffus de bas grade." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT052/document.
Full textMentalizing, or the ability of human beings to make assumptions about other people’s mental states, has been the subject of many studies over the last 20 years. The neural bases and especially the white matter connectivity of this complex cognitive function is still poorly understood. Recently, an anatomo-functional organization into two neural pathways has been proposed. According to this model, it is assumed that the reflective, inferential aspects of mentalizing is underpinned by the cingulum. The reflexive, identificatory aspects of mentalizing are thought to be mediated, for their part, by the arcuate fascicle and the lateral part of the superior longitudinal fascicle. The main purpose of this scientific work is to provide original data on the anatomo-functional organization of the neural network involved in the face-based mentalizing. We used as a pathophysiological study model diffuse low-grade gliomas. These primary brain tumors are particularly interesting for the study of the functional role of the white matter for two reasons: (i) the tumor cells propagate preferentially along the white matter fibers; (ii) the surgical resection is often performed in awake condition with intraoperative functional mapping to identify, and thus to preserve functional structures, including the white matter.In our first study, using intraoperative electrical stimulation, we were able to identify a large cortico-subcortical mentalizing network. The analysis of the disconnections induced by the stimulation of the white matter allowed us to clearly highlight, for the first time, the role of the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle. We also confirmed the already established role of the superior longitudinal fascicle in mentalizing. In a second study, using lesion mapping analyses in patients operated on for a diffuse low-grade glioma, we demonstrated that the long-term, non-compensatory mentalizing deficit was explained by the involvement of the arcuate fascicle. Finally, in a third study combining resting-state functional MRI and the cortical sites unmasked during surgery, we were able to identify a large cortical mentalizing networks, which were very similar to those identified by classical task-based functional imaging.In general, our findings suggest that the face-based mentalizing would require the integrity of at least two associative white matter fascicles. They also validate the combined use of resting-state functional MRI and direct cortical stimulations as an original approach to map neurocognitive networks.In addition to these fundamental considerations, our results have also clinical implications, especially regarding the intraoperative functional mapping. They also provide a better understanding of brain pathologies characterized by both mentalizing deficit and white matter impairment
Perrillat-Mercerot, Angélique. "Modélisation et étude du métabolisme énergétique cérébral. Applications à l'imagerie des gliomes diffus de bas grade." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2285/document.
Full textEverything that lives is born, eats, reproduces and dies. For the brain, the question is more complex because neurons have to survive and to support brain activity. Energy management is also particular because brain cells evolve together with no competition. Thanks to medical imaging, we know that neurons do not consume only glucose. They can use others energetic substrates such as lactate and glutamate as a power source.When a tumor appears, it changes the energetic metabolism to survive and support its own growth. In particular, cancer cells like to consume lactate. They also choose their favorite substrate based on the available oxygen. Modeling of energy substrates is useful to describe and predict energetic kinetics and changes. Mathematical models could get with clinical and medical results to describe, explain or predict low grade glioma dynamics. They can help to characterize and quantify a tumor evolution, then leading to improve their therapeutical management. Exchanges between mathematics and MRI (and MRS) enable to get accurate data and to build suitable mathematical models.This thesis deals with several approaches of substrates dynamics in healthy and gliomatous brains. These researches are based on systems of equations. We model local lactate exchanges (ODE, fast-slow systems), global substrates exchanges (ODE), glutamate/glutamine cycle (RDE) and local lactate exchanges in higher dimensions (PDE). We describe, analyze and give simulations of these models. Simulations are fitted on patient MRI data or literature data. Energy is necessary to live. But if your neighbor consumes a part of your resources, can you still survive ?
Tutto ciò che vive nasce, si nutre, si riproduce e muore. Per il cervello, la questione è più complessa perché i neuroni devono sopravvivere e sostenere l'attività cerebrale. La gestione energetica cerebrale è particolare anche perché le cellule cerebrali evolvono insieme, senza concorrenza. Inoltre, grazie alle immagini mediche, sappiamo che i neuroni non consumano solo del glucosio ma usano altri substrati energetici come il lattato o il glutammato.Quando un tumore si stabilisce, cambia il metabolismo energetico del cervello per sopravvivere e sostenere la propria crescita. In particolare, cellule tumorali consumano del lattato e scelgono il loro substrato preferito basandosi all'ossigeno disponibile.La matematica, e in particolare l'elaborazione di modelli matematici può aiutarci a ottimizzare i dati disponibili, che possono essere, di volta in volta, delle proprietà cellulare o delle lastre MRI o MRS. La modellizzazione dei substrati energetici potrebbe descrivere, spiegare o prevedere le dinamiche energetiche nel cervello.Questa tesi tratta di diversi approcci della dinamica dei substrati nei cervelli sani e gliomatosi. Queste ricerche si basano su sistemi di equazioni. Modellizziamo scambi locali di lattato (ODE, sistemi fast-slow), scambi globali di substrati (ODE), ciclo glutammato/glutammina (RDE) e scambi locali di lattato in dimensioni superiori (PDE). Descriviamo, analizziamo e diamo simulazioni di questi modelli. Le simulazioni sono adeguate su dati MRI paziente o dati di letteratura.Per vivere, l’energia è una necessità. Ma se i Suoi vicini consumassero le Sue risorse, riuscirebbe ancora a sopravvivere ?
Rakotomalala-Andrianasolo, Andria. "Développement et caractérisation de modèles cellulaires pour l'étude du rôle de l'oncohistone H3.3 K27M dans le phénotype agressif et la réponse aux thérapies des gliomes pédiatriques diffus de la ligne médiane." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS015.
Full textH3K27-altered DMG treatment is one of the most significant challenges in pediatric neuro-oncology,with no improvement in patient survival over the past 50 years. In 2012, it was shown that DMGs harbor a specific histone 3 mutation (oncohistone) called H3.3 K27M with a very high prevalence (70-80% of cases). Although theH3.3 K27M impact on the epigenetic landscape has been well described, studies are needed to understand betterits role in DMG cells’ aggressiveness and response to therapies.To study the H3.3 K27M mutation impact on DMG cell phenotypes precisely, we developed andcharacterized pediatric high-grade glioma isogenic cellular models induced and knock-out for the oncohistone.Using these models, we aimed to decipher the oncohistone impact on DMG cell biology and response to anticancertherapies, including radiation therapy, the only current standard of care for DMGs. Characterization of our H3.3 K27M-induced pediatric supratentorial glioma cell lines reveals that the oncohistone affects the response to ionizing radiations and specific targeted therapies in a cellular context-dependentway. Based on these results, we settled to characterize oncohistone biological impacts in a more relevant cellular context of DMG. In that sense, we established H3.3 K27M knock-out cellular models and characterized them regarding their parental DMG H3.3 K27M mutated cell lines. Through omic (transcriptomic and proteomic)and cell metabolism characterizations of these models, we notably showed the H3.3 K27M mutation impact on DMG cells’ lipid metabolism. In 3D spheroid models, this H3.3 K27M-induced lipid metabolism rewiring appeared conditioned by microenvironment factors still under investigation.On the other hand, a functional pharmacological screen identified H3.3 K27M-driven dependencies tospecific DNA repair pathways. In addition, ongoing radiobiological characterization of our models indicates anH3.3 K27M-associated radiosensitivity correlating with a decrease in DNA repair efficiency following ionizingradiations. Beyond this DNA repair impact, our pharmacological screen also revealed an H3.3 K27M-relatedsensitivity to cardiac glycoside drugs. This result makes sense with our transcriptomic data showing enrichmentin genes involved in cardiomyopathies and ion homeostasis among differentially expressed genes with theoncohistone. In this context, we began unraveling the molecular and biological processes underlying thisH3.3 K27M-driven effect.Finally, we used our isogenic cellular models to show that the H3.3 K27M oncohistone drives lipidmetabolism modifications. These metabolic changes could prime H3K27-altered DMG cells to specific regulatedcell death pathways (e.g., ferroptosis) and affect the response to certain therapies. Moreover, the H3.3 K27Mseems to drive specific sensitivities, notably to radiation therapy and cardiac glycoside drugs. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms governing these H3.3 K27M-associated Achille heels could highlight newinsights into the oncohistone role in DMG cells and provide rationales for developing new therapeutic strategies
Alentorn, Agusti. "Caractérisation génomique et génétique des gliomes diffus de bas grade de l’adulte." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T011.
Full textMultildimensional molecular characterization of tumors and more specifically of gliomas is of pivotal importance to identify: (i) new biomarkers (i.e. diagnostic, prognostic, theranostic or predisposing), (ii) new therapeutic targets and (iii) to improve our understanding of molecular oncogenesis.Our work has confirmed and consolidated previous data published in the literature, for example that: (i) 1p/19q co-deletion is associated with better prognosis, (ii) IDH mutation is associated with better prognosis, (iii) TP53 mutations and 1p/19q codeletion are mutually exclusive and (iv) PDGFRA is rarely altered, at genomic level, in low-grade gliomas (LGG).More originally, we have identified several genomic groups, with clinical and biological relevances, in LGG and more specifically in LGG without 1p/19q co-deletion: (i) 19q-deleted, (ii) 11p-deleted, (iii) 7-gained, (iv) 19-gained and (v) unclassified. Interestingly, 19q deletion abrogates the positive prognostic value of IDH mutation in LGG without 1p/19q codeletion.We have also identified new recurrent somatic gene mutations in LGG (i.e. TEP1 and RNF40 mutations), supporting the critical role of telomeres and chromatin remodelling in LGG.Finally, we have characterized further 11p-deleted LGG that exhibit mostly astrocytic phenotype and poor prognosis. This subgroup includes LGG overexpressing genes of inflammatory/immune cells (GIM -Glioma infiltrating microglia-, M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages) and infiltrated by macrophagic/microglial cells. This peculiar microenvironment detected in 11p-deleted LGG might be used as a therapeutic target. In conclusion, our work participates to characterize clinico-biological portrait of LGG and to describe a singular genomic subgroup of LGG characterized by 11p loss
Konnully, Augustus Meera Bessy. "Characterization of cellular heterogeneity in Diffuse Low Grade Glioma." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT038.
Full textDiffuse Low-Grade Gliomas (DLGG) are WHO grade II glial tumors affecting younger adults. They are characterized as silent, slow growing tumors with fewer mitotic activities. However, they diffuse and invade the healthy brain via blood vessels and nerve fibers. These, over a period of years develop to malignant Glioblastoma, aggressive brain tumors where patients have an average medial survival of 12-15 months after diagnosis. Ill-defined phenotypic and cellular diversity of DLGG poses serious limitation to treatment and prevention at the early stage.In my PhD thesis, I aimed to address this limitation by characterizing the cellular heterogeneity in IDH1-mutated DLGG. By performing immunofluorescence analysis on grade II astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma, I have identified two largely non-overlapping cellular subpopulations expressing SOX9 and OLIG1 transcription factors, which represent astrocyte-like and oligodendrocyte-like cells, respectively. Upon further investigation, I have shown that these subpopulations express distinct molecular markers. Sox9 cells are associated with APOE, KCNN3, CRYAB and ID4, while Olig1 cells showed strong correlation with the expression of PDGFRA, SOX8, MASH1, and SOX4. In addition, the sox9 cells show a particular activation of signaling pathways including Notch, BMP and their downstream targets.To ascertain the role of Notch signaling in regulating the formation of these tumoral subpopulations, I used magnetic sorting of tumor cells from freshly resected glioma samples and overexpressed Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD), an active form of Notch. Increased Notch activation resulted in an upregulation of Sox9- and downregulation of Olig1-associated cell markers. I have then extended these analyses on one anaplastic IDH1 mutated patient derived cell line which reproduced similar gene expression profile confirming the robustness of the role of Notch signaling in regulating the plasticity of the cells. Parallel experiments performed by activation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling on IDH1 mutated cell line did not show a prominent effect on the plasticity. Nevertheless, BMP signal activation highly upregulated CRYAB, a SOX9 related marker and downregulated OLIG1 and OLIG2.In conclusion, I have identified two non-overlapping tumor subpopulations in diffuse low-grade gliomas and demonstrated the deterministic role of Notch signaling pathway in their formation. I believe that these findings would aid in better understanding tumoral heterogeneity in DLGG and be extended in designing new therapeutic strategies against these tumors
Darlix, Amélie. "Gliomes diffus de bas grade : données épidémiologiques et hypothèses étiologiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT011/document.
Full textThe epidemiology and risks factors of diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGG, or WHO grade II diffuse gliomas) are yet poorly known. This thesis aimed at describing the epidemiology (incidence rates, demographic data) and at looking for arguments in favor of environmental, functional and molecular risk factors, in the literature and by our works. Descriptive epidemiology: The analysis of an exhaustive series of incident cases of DLGG diagnosed between 2006 and 2011 allowed the determination of DLGG incidence (incidence rate standardized on the French population: 0,775/105 person-years) as well as that of each histological subtype described by the 2007 WHO classification. Environmental risk factors: We were able to demonstrate significant differences in the geographical distribution of WHO grade II and III diffuse gliomas in metropolitan France, with higher incidence rates in the North-East and Center regions. This heterogeneity stands in favor of environmental risk factors, even though there is to date no proven environmental risk factor for DLGG. Biological risk factors: Our work demonstrated the existence of a clear dichotomy, regarding molecular biology, between frontal DLGG, more frequently IDH-mutated and 1p19q codeleted, and temporo-insular tumors, less frequently IDH-mutated and 1p19q codeleted, suggesting different gliomagenesis pathways for these two patterns of tumors. Functional risk factors: Finally, data from the literature provide two main arguments in favor of the existence of functional risk factors in DLGG. First, the intra-cerebral location of these tumors is specific and distinct from that of other gliomas, with a preferential implication of “functional” areas. Second, macroscopic intra-cerebral changes have been reported following training on specific tasks, or in relation with a specific expertise. The microscopic mechanisms that underlie these modifications are uncertain but an implication (direct or indirect) of glial cells seems probable, and could favor gliomagenesis. To date, only few studies have investigated the correlation between the subject’s activity and the risk of DLGG. We thus propose, following this thesis, a case-control study to further investigate this issue. In conclusion, even though there is no demonstrated risk factor for DLGG, data from the literature, and conclusions from the present work, suggest the implication of environmental, functional and biological factors in DLGG genesis
Andreiuolo, Felipe. "Target in context : molecular pathology of pediatric ependymoma and high grade glioma." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00913042.
Full textFurnish, Robin. "Evaluating Immune Modulatory Therapeutic Strategies for Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1595849080346532.
Full textTrisolini, Elena. "Targeted molecular characterization of adult midline and circumscribed gliomas for the identification of new potential targets for personalized therapy." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/114872.
Full textCalmon, Raphael. "IRM multimodale sériée dans les gliomes infiltrants du tronc cérébral chez l'enfant." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066462/document.
Full textDiffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma is a pediatric tumor with very poor prognosis. Median survival is 9-12 months. Its typical MRI appearance allows for diagnosis without histological confirmation, but has limited understanding its pathophysiology for years. DIPGs molecular identity identified as histone H3K27M mutations in 2012 defined them as a separate entity. Two subgroups with different phenotypes and prognoses are associated with mutations in one of the two variants H3.1/H3.3 of histone H3. The aim of this thesis was to use multimodal imaging techniques to better understand the pathophysiology of DIPG, by observing the evolution of the effects of different treatments over time. 1st, we showed an increase in perfusion indices associated with decreased edema after radiotherapy. Secondly, we have described the phenomenon of pseudo-progression in MRI, an increase in tumor volume and enhancement associated with a significant increase in perfusion index. This shouldn’t be confused with true tumor progression. The ratio of increase in lesion’s blood flow after radiotherapy has high sensitivity and specificity to identify pseudo-progression. 3rd, we compared the imaging parameters with the histological data to better understand the differences between the histone mutations. The mutated tumors H3.1 have more edema, more necrosis and a lower perfusion. While mutated H3.3 tumors have a higher tumor burden. Tumor burden is positive correlated to lesion blood volume. Multimodal imaging is essential in monitoring and understanding the physiopathological mechanisms of DIPG. It should be included in the research protocols in order to advance and then one day to cure these small patients
BERZERO, GIULIA. "“MOLECULAR MARKERS IN DIFFUSE GLIOMAS: DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TARGETS”." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1371676.
Full textFromm, Jan. "Investigating the expression and role of chloride ion channels in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma." Thesis, Fromm, Jan (2021) Investigating the expression and role of chloride ion channels in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/63626/.
Full textWerbrouck, Coralie. "Modélisation in vitro & in vivo de la résistance à la radiothérapie dans les gliomes infiltrants du tronc cérébral (DIPG) TP53 Pathway Alterations Drive Radioresistance in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPG)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL001.
Full textDiffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) are the most severe pediatric brain tumours. Though accepted as the main therapeutic, radiotherapy is only transiently efficient and not even in every patient. We previously identified a heterogeneous response to radiotherapy at diagnosis (Castel et al., 2015). The aim of the project was to define the mechanisms of radioresistance.First, we assessed in vitro response to ionizing radiations in a collection of DIPG cellular models derived from treatment-naïve biopsies and we uncovered TP53 mutation as the main driver of increased radioresistance. We validated this finding in 4 isogenic pairs of DIPG cells with TP53WT and TP53KD. Then, we demonstrated with an extended cohort of 73 DIPG patients that mutated TP53 patients had a poor response to radiotherapy. Using a kinome-wide synthetic lethality RNAi screen, we further identified target genes that can sensitize TP53MUT DIPG to ionizing radiations. CHK1 inhibition increases response to radiation specifically in TP53MUT cells and could be considered as a new therapeutic approach in this setting. Finally, we established in vitro radioresistant DIPG cells to study tumour relapse and we developed tools to model post-radiotherapy relapse through the study of clonal dynamics using single cell RGB marking.In all, this results go further in the understanding of the DIPG radioresistance. We demonstrated that a TP53 alteration is a theranostic marker to predict radioresistance and we opened new therapeutic opportunities in combination with radiotherapy for the treatment of this pediatric disease, which remains incurable
Khalid, Fahad. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Genomic Mutation in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma : Machine Learning Approaches for a Comprehensive Analysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST006.
Full textThe diagnosis of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) in children stands as one of the most harrowing within pediatric oncology. Despite numerous clinical trials exploring various treatments, the prognosis remains bleak, with most patients succumbing between 9 to 11 months post-diagnosis. Key gene mutations linked to DIPG include H3K27M, ACVR1, and TP53. Each mutation has distinct characteristics, leading physicians to suggest tailored therapies, underscoring the importance of accurate mutation detection in guiding treatment. Located in the crucial region of the brainstem, the pons, DIPG tumors pose significant biopsy risks due to potential neurological damage. Hence, MRI could become a primordial diagnostic tool for these tumors, assessing their spread and gauging therapy responses. Its use to predict accurate gene mutation, and identify long-term survivors, could enhance patient care significantly. Within this framework, radiomics transforms images into vast data sources, extracting features like shape and texture to aid decision-making. The objective of this thesis is to refine mutation prediction and pinpoint long-term survivors, emphasizing image normalization and the applicability of radiomic models. Our study utilized a retrospective database from Gustave Roussy Institute, encompassing 80 patients MRI data and their respective clinical data. These MRI images highlighted issues in radiomic studies, such as bias field inhomogeneity and the "scanner effect". To address these challenges, a dedicated MR image normalization pipeline was implemented, and radiomic features underwent ComBat harmonization. Given the dataset's missing modalities, a multi-model strategy was employed, leading to 16 distinct models based on various radiomic and clinical feature combinations. This approach was then streamlined into a multi-modal method, reducing the number of models to five. The results from the ensemble of these models proved to be the most promising. This multi-modal strategy incorporated a feature selection phase, pinpointing the most pertinent features. Additionally, this method was applied to identify long-term survivors and was complemented by the ICARE framework for a nuanced survival analysis output
Truffaux, Nathalene. "Nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans les gliomes infiltrants du tronc cérébral de l'enfant." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T022/document.
Full textDiffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is a rare, unresectable and universally fatal tumor. Due to the lack of available material, no improvements have been made in the knowledge of the biology of this tumor until recent years, leaving radiotherapy as the only efficient treatment, and only transiently. Recently, the effort engaged for collecting samples in this disease at the diagnosis or at the autopsy resulted in an unprecedented number of analyses consequently improving our knowledge in DIPG. Those studies bring evidences for their differences with adult gliomas, but also with other pediatric supratentorial glioma showing specific genomic alterations. Thus, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha (PDGFRα) appeared to be one of the major target given its frequent aberrations found in those tumors. Investigating an effective drug to inhibit this pathway led us to evaluate the effect of dasatinib, which is known as a multi-targeted inhibitor. We report here the in vitro efficacy of dasatinib on new cell lines of DIPG developed from stereotaxic biopsy at diagnosis. Because therapies are largely inefficient in the clinic when they are used as a monotherapy, we bring out our interest on combining dasatinib with an inhibitor of MET, which is the 2nd most common amplified oncogene in these tumors.Additionally, an innovative strategy of pharmacological screening has been successfully tested. New drugs, potentially efficient in DIPG, have been fonctionnaly-defined, including Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), Cyclin-Dependent Kinases inhibitors (CDKi) and proteasome inhibitors as well.Finally, by using whole genome sequencing (WGS), we have been able to discover new genetic abnormalities, never encountered before in other cancers. Among those, mutations of histone H3K27M with a high frequency of 80% were found, suggesting that they have a fundamental role in tumors genesis. Moreover, ACVR1/ALK2 activating mutations have been identified as well. And this gene now represents a new target to explore. This work reports the research of new therapeutic targets through an exploratory approach using drug screening and WGS on the one hand, and on the other hand through a preclinical validation approach in terms of targeted therapies with tyrosine-kinases inhibitors
Feraco, Paola <1981>. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Derived biomarkers of Isocitrate-Dehydrogenase mutation in diffuse gliomas: a conventional MR and Diffusion Weighted Imaging study." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10479/1/Tesi%20dottorato%20Paola%20Feraco.pdf.
Full textFalkenstein, Fabian [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Albert. "Diffuse Gliome WHO Grad II des Kindes- und Jugendalters : Krankheitsverlauf, Therapie, Outcome und prognostische Bedeutung der molekulargenetischen Differenzierung: Ergebnisse der SIOP-LGG 2004-Studie / Fabian Falkenstein ; Betreuer: Michael Albert." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1211957586/34.
Full textParisot, Sarah. "Compréhension, modélisation et détection de tumeurs cérébrales : modèles graphiques et méthodes de recalage/segmentation simultanés." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944541.
Full textStengl-Pfaffinger, Darinka [Verfasser], Selim [Akademischer Betreuer] Corbacioglu, J. R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wolff, and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Marienhagen. "HIT-GBM-C: Klinische Therapiestudie zur Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlicher mit malignen Gliom und diffus intrinischen Ponsgliom : Auswertung der FMH-Bögen und erste vorläufige Auswertung der Überlebenszahlen / Darinka Stengl-Pfaffinger. Betreuer: Selim Corbacioglu ; J. R. Wolff ; Jörg Marienhagen." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1028958749/34.
Full textBarbosa, Mariana Cunha 1991. "Diffuse low grade gliomas with secondary malignancy : immunohistochemical and cytogenetic profile study." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/39453.
Full textOs gliomas são os tumores primários mais frequentes do Sistema Nervoso Central, representando 50% de todos os casos de tumores cerebrais. Incluem, entre outros, os astrocitomas (AT) e os oligodendrogliomas (OLG). Uma designação comum para estes tumores, quando se localizam num ou mais lobos cerebrais, na região supratentorial é a de gliomas difusos e atingem, caracteristicamente, jovens adultos. Esses dois tipos de gliomas são considerados de baixo grau e são infiltrativos, de crescimento lento. Os gliomas de baixo grau – grau II, pela Organização Mundial de Saúde – tem uma forte tendência para a progressão maligna, para gliomas anaplásicos (grau III, pela OMS) e até glioblastomas secundários (grau IV, pela OMS), o que, muitas vezes, ocorre após alguns anos, geralmente, entre cerca de 4 a 5. Muitas vezes, após uma resseção cirúrgica de gliomas de baixo grau, as células neoplásicas deixadas no cérebro podem originar um tumor recidivante, que muitas vezes se transforma em glioma de alto grau, com prognóstico variável a longo prazo e uma taxa de sobrevida de entre 5 a 8 anos. A nova classificação da OMS, no que diz respeito a Tumores do Sistema Nervoso Central, revista em 2016, introduziu parâmetros moleculares como mutações IDH, co-deleções de 1p/19q e perdas de ATRX, agrupando os tumores em categorias de acordo com seus perfis genéticos, além dos padrões histológicos usados até então. Sendo assim, é possível classificar os gliomas difusos em astrocitomas, IDH mutantes; oligodendrogliomas, IDH mutantes e 1p/19q co-deletados; astrocitomas IDH wild-type; glioblastomas IDH mutantes; glioblastomas IDH wild-type; oligodendrogliomas sem outras especificações; astrocitomas sem outras especificações; oligoastrocitomas sem outras especificações e glioblastomas sem outras especificações. Os critérios usados para definir o grau de anaplasia dos gliomas, definidos pela OMS, são polimorfismo nuclear e hipercromasia, índice mitótico, proliferação endotelial da microvascularização tumoral e necrose do parênquima tumoral. Estes critérios permitem aos patologistas classificar os gliomas difusos em diferentes graus de malignidade, desde grau II, o menos maligno, até aos graus III e IV, os mais malignos, dos quais o glioblastoma é o mais comum. As alterações moleculares no processo de tumorigénese levam à ativação de oncogenes ou à inativação de genes supressores de tumor. Alguns dos marcadores genéticos de grande relevância no processo de tumorigénese e na determinação do tipo e grau de anaplasia dos gliomas difusos são o 1p/19q (co-deleção), o EGFR, o PTEN e o CDKN2A. A presença de mutação do ATRX ajuda ao diagnóstico dos AT com IDH mutante, distinguindo-os dos OLG. Os AT anaplásicos com mutações combinadas no ATRX e no IDH têm melhor prognóstico do que os que só têm a mutação do IDH. As mutações no codão 132 do gene IDH ocorrem cedo e a uma frequência elevada em AT, OLG de graus II e III, e em glioblastomas secundários desenvolvidos a partir de AT. Os objetivos deste estudo são comparar o perfil imunohistoquímico e as alterações citogenéticas encontradas em 16 casos de doentes com cirurgia a gliomas primários de baixo grau, e a recidiva de grau mais elevado, resultando num total de 32 amostras – 18 oligodendrogliomas, 10 astrocitomas, 3 oligoastrocitomas e 1 gliossarcoma; avaliar e quantificar as alterações e identificar subpopulações baseadas em marcadores, nas amostras de tumores de ambas as cirurgias. Para isso, obtiveram-se lâminas de imunohistoquímica e fizeram-se blocos de Tissue Micro Arrays, dos quais se obtiveram lâminas para Hibridação In Situ por Fluorescência. As proteínas estudadas foram GFAP, IDH1, KI-67, ATRX e Olig-2, e os genes foram CDKN2A, p53, EGFR, PTEN, 1p e 19q. Realizou-se a técnica de imunohistoquímica para os marcadores IDH, ATRX e GFAP, posteriormente fotografados no microscópio ótico, e analisados com programa Image-J (plugin Colour Deconvolution). Às áreas de interesse foram-lhes atribuídas cores secundárias (cada uma associada a um marcador) e as imagens resultantes foram sobrepostas originando áreas de cores primárias. Foi calculado o rácio de pixéis de cada cor de interesse. Realizou-se igualmente a técnica de imunohistoquímica para os marcadores Olig-2 e KI-67, também fotografados no microscópio ótico e analisados no programa Image-J (plugin ImmunoRatio). Realizou-se ainda Hibridação in situ de fluorescência, para analisar os genes CDKN2A, p53, EGFR, PTEN, 1p e 19q, em lâminas de Tissue Micro Array, que foram fotografadas no microscópio de fluorescência e analisadas no programa Image-J (plugin Cell Counter para contagem dos núcleos). Este estudo incluiu 18 oligodendrogliomas, 10 astrocitomas, 3 oligoastrocitomas e 1 gliossarcoma. A análise foi feita inicialmente para os marcadores individuais e, em seguida, para as subpopulações definidas, baseadas na classificação actual de gliomas difusos. Nenhuma das amostras estudadas apresentou deleção do gene supressor tumoral PTEN. O estudo de EGFR mostrou amplificação em apenas 6 das 32 amostras, sendo 4 exclusivamente nas recidivas e 1 exclusivamente num tumor primário de baixo grau. O p53 estava mutado em 6 das 32 amostras estudadas, sendo que 4 desses 6 tumores com mutação eram recidivas. Analisando as alterações de primários para recidivas, encontraram-se 4 casos com p53 wild-type no primário e mutação nas recidivas e 1 caso que manteve a mutação em ambos os grupos. O CDKN2A estava deletado no primário e na recidiva em simultâneo, em apenas 1 caso. 6 casos tinham deleções nos primários e apenas 3 tinham deleções nas recidivas. A expressão de KI-67 apresentou valores mais elevados nas recidivas do que nos primários. Relativamente à expressão de Olig-2, observou-se o contrário, sendo os valores mais elevados nos primários do que nas recidivas. Não se encontraram diferenças major nas três subpopulações estudadas (IDH1mut/ATRXloss, IDH1mut/ATRX/1p/19q co-deletadas e IDH1wt) entre as amostras de tumores primários e as suas respectivas recidivas. Descobriram-se mais células tumorais IDH1mut/ATRXloss em recidivas (9799±24384) do que em primários (5053±10116), e mais células tumorais IDH1- em primários (671939±180448) do que nas recidivas (609653±284091). Contudo, estas diferenças não foram muito evidentes. Células IDH1mut/ATRX/1p/19q co-deletadas foram encontradas em apenas um dos dezasseis casos estudados. As proteínas e genes estudados cobrem a maioria das principais vias de sinalização molecular que levam ao desenvolvimento de carcinomas. Contudo, a ausência de variações muito evidentes entre os dois grupos comparados (primário e respetiva recidiva) indica que poder-se-á não estar a estudar os marcadores mais relevantes para esta evolução. Outros marcadores que poderão ser relevantes são o PDGF e o Ras. O PDGF é um agente mitogénico de células mesenquimais, incluindo células gliais e já foi associado a glioblastomas (vias PI3k/AKT e Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk). O gene Ras foi o primeiro oncogene humano a ser identificado e sabe-se que está mutado em cerca de um terço dos carcinomas. Estes são apenas dois exemplos de outras moléculas que podem ser estudadas nos gliomas. Este estudo é um passo noutra direcção, no que diz respeito aos marcadores biológicos em gliomas. Os resultados obtidos levantam variadas questões face aos marcadores estudados e oferecem uma série de sugestões de outros a considerar; e, uma vez que não há bibliografia de suporte, seria interessante continuar a estudar esta linha de progressão tumoral do primário para a recidiva. O objetivo não seria apenas caracterizar subgrupos histológicos de gliomas do ponto de vista genético e molecular mas também, e acima de tudo, tentar compreender a evolução do tumor primário e os mecanismos e ferramentas biológicas presentes no próprio, que lhe permite recidivar com um nível de malignidade superior. Se se conseguir prever estas transformações no tempo, poder-se-á tentar controlar a progressão da doença logo desde o momento do diagnóstico.
The most frequent primary tumors of the Central Nervous System are gliomas, representing 50% of all brain tumor cases, which include, among others, astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. Those two types of gliomas, considered low-grade gliomas, are infiltrative and slow-growing. Low-grade gliomas (World Health Organization grade II) have a strong tendency for malignant progression to anaplastic gliomas (World Health Organization grade III) and even secondary glioblastomas (World Health Organization grade IV), which often takes place after a few years, usually about 4 to 5. Indeed, after a surgical resection of LGG, cancerous cells left in the brain can give rise to a recurrent tumor, often transformed in a high-grade glioma, with variable long-term prognoses and a survival rate between 5 to 8 years. The new World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, revised in 2016, introduced molecular parameters, such as IDH mutations, 1p/19q co-deletions and ATRX losses, for grouping tumors into categories according to their genetic profiles besides the histologic patterns used until then. The aim of this study is to compare immunohistochemical profile and cytogenetic changes in 16 cases with two different surgeries from the same patient, treated for recurrences, evaluate and quantify those changes and identify marker based subpopulations in tumour samples from both surgeries. The proteins studied were GFAP, IDH1, KI-67, ATRX and Olig-2, and the genes were CDKN2A, p53, EGFR, PTEN, 1p and 19q. We did not found major differences in the populations we studied (IDH1mut/ATRXloss, IDH1mut/ATRX/1p/19q co-del and IDH1wt) between primaries and their relapses. However, differences were found in Ki-67, Olig-2, EGFR and CDKN2A between the two groups studied (primary tumors and relapses). All proteins and genes studied cover most of the main pathways that lead to cancer development, which may lead us to think that we are looking at the wrong set of markers. We found some results that suggest it should be interesting to continue this type of research of comparing primary tumors with their own relapses, and try to understand what makes tumors relapse in a much more aggressive form, in order to control the progression of the disease right in the moment of the diagnosis.
Inês, Carlota Madeira. "Desempenho cognitivo em adultos com glioma difuso: efeito de características sociodemográficas e clínicas." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/137666.
Full textRendon, Restrepo Cesar Augusto. "Biological and Physical Strategies to Improve the Therapeutic Index of Photodynamic Therapy." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/11122.
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