Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Glicidolo'
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Ricciardi, Maria. "Catalysis for the transformation of biomass in value-added products." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2019. http://elea.unisa.it:8080/xmlui/handle/10556/4264.
Full textBacila, Mauricio. "Contribuição ao estudo do metabolismo glicidico em eritrocitos de animais domesticos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/28809.
Full textCosta, Gabriele. "Studio approfondito di processi post-polimerizzazione del poli(glicidil metacrilato)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6536/.
Full textAgnol, Christiane Bueno Dall. "Caracterização das reações entre o polímero metil azoteto de glicidila e diisocianatos." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2015. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3377.
Full textGebretsadik, Fiseha Bogale. "Synthesis of Acid Mesoporous Saponites and its Application in Catalytic Glycidol Hydrogenolysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401749.
Full textLa reacción de hidrogenólisis para obtener 1,3-propandiol (1,3-PD) a partir de glicerol requiere el uso de costosos metales nobles y elevadas condiciones de reacción. Aún así, no se debe olvidar el bajo rendimiento obtenido en 1,3-PD bajo estas condiciones. Glycidol, el cual puede ser obtenido por reacción directa de glicerol, fue propuesto como una alternativa para la síntesis de 1,3-PD utilizando Ni y Cu como catalizadores. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de esta tesis fue la síntesis de saponitas mesoporosas ácidas mediante moldes (sales de amonio cuaternarias o polímeros) y microondas, para finalmente evaluar su actividad en la hidrogenólisis de glicidol para obtener 1,3-PD y 1,2-PD. Saponitas mesoporosas con la mayor área superficial (600 m2/g) y la mayor acidez superficial (0.89 mEq CHA/ g) fueron obtenidas llevando a cabo la síntesis en medio básico (pH 13), usando surfactantes y microondas. Esta y otras saponitas sintetizadas fueron utilizadas como soportes en la preparación de catalizadores de Ni, los cuales fueron testados en la hidrogenólisis de glycidol a diferentes tiempos y temperaturas de reacción. Respecto los catalizadores de Ni soportados, el mejor rendimiento hacia 1,3-PD fue obtenido con catalizadores soportados en saponitas ácidas, con un 40 % en peso de Ni y a 453 K durante 1h. El efecto de varios modificadores (W, Mo, V y Re) fue testado en la reacción catalítica, donde el mejor valor de rendimiento hacia 1,3-PD (46%) con un ratio 1,3-PD/1,2-PD de 1,24 fue obtenido utilizando catalizadores de Ni modificados con Re a 393 K después de 4 h. La presencia de Cu en el catalizador de Ni (catalizadores bimetálicos de Ni-Cu) también tubo beneficios en la formación selectiva de 1,3-PD.
The direct hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) requires expensive noble metal catalysts, harsh reaction conditions and even then, the yield to 1,3-PD is moderate to low. Glycidol molecule which could be obtained from glycerol was proposed as an alternative substrate for the synthesis of 1,3-PD using cheap transition metal Ni and Cu catalysts. Hence, the main objective of the thesis was to prepare mesoporous acid saponite using template and microwaves and evaluate its activity in the hydrogenolysis of glycidol to 1,3-PD and 1,2-PD. The highest surface area (600 m2/g) mesoporous saponite with high surface acidity (0.89 mEq. CHA/ g) was obtained when the synthesis was carried at pH 13, using surfactant and in microwaves. This and other saponites were used in the preparation of supported Ni catalysts and their activity was tested at different reaction temperature and time. Among the supported Ni catalysts, the best 1,3-PD yield was obtained using Ni catalyst supported at 40 wt % on the mesoporous saponite and when the reaction carried out at 453 K for 1h . The effect of various modifiers (W, Mo, V and Re) on this catalyst was tested and the best result was obtained in case of Re modified Ni catalysts which afforded 1,3-PD at 46% yield with 1,3-PD/1,2-PD ratio of 1,24 at 393 K and after 4 h. The presence of small amount of Cu in Ni-Cu bimetallic catalysts was also found beneficial for the selective formation of 1,3-PD.
Santos, Luis Eduardo Pais dos. "Blendas de poli (metacrilato de metila-co-metacrilato de glicidila) e poli (butadieno-co-acrilonitrila)." [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248753.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Tedesco, Adriana. "Polipropileno graftizado com metacrilato glicidila como agente compatibilizante em blendas de PP e nylon 6." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3231.
Full textMachado, Ricardo de Souza. "Síntese e caracterização de microesferas porosas de poli(estireno-co-divinilbenzeno-co-metacrilato de glicidila)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16176.
Full textPoly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) porous microspheres were successfully obtained. All microspheres can be classified as mesoporous materials according to IUPAC. The glycidyl methacrylate containing microspheres obtained using a 30% toluene and 70% heptane mixture as porogenic agent present very rough surfaces with irregular channel distributions. The microspheres specific area and pore volume strongly decrease with increasing glycidyl methacrylate content in the terpolymers. On the other side terpolymers with the same composition synthesized using only toluene as porogenic agent present surfaces with small irregularities (probably pores). Also with this porogenic agent the specific area decreases with increasing glycidyl methacrylate content, but this decrease was much less pronounced. The strong specific area decrease and mechanical fragility increase with increasing glycidyl methacrylate content observed when the 30% toluene and 70% heptane mixture was used as porogenic agent, as well as the hollow microspheres obtained when only heptane was used as porogenic agent indicate that heptane is a bad solvent for the copolymers containing glycidyl methacrylate. Some terpolymers have been preliminarily tested as stationary phase for pesticides recovery tests from aqueous solutions. The tests showed that both the terpolymer composition and the specific area influence the results obtained.
Khan, Adnan 1982. "A potencialidade do reagente metacrilato de glicidila imobilizado no biopolímerio quitosana para a remoção de cátions." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250088.
Full textTese (doutorado) Universidade Estadual decCampinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: O biopolímero quitosana foi quimicamente modificado com a finalidade de inserir diferentes grupos funcionais nas cadeias pendentes, as quais contêm os centros básicos enxofre, nitrogênio e oxigênio, visando o desenvolvimento de novos materiais para a remoção de metais de solução aquosa. Em um procedimento típico, a quitosana reagiu com metacrilato de glicidila através da abertura do anel epóxido de três membros, dispondo da dupla ligação livre. Assim, esse precursor reagiu com aminas: etilenodiamina, dietilenotriamina, trietilenotetramina, 1,4-(3- aminopropil)piperazina, acetilhidrazina e com tióis: 1,2-etanoditiol e 2-aminoetanotiol. A quitosana foi também modificada com o tiocarbamato e diotiocarbamato por meio da reação de adição de Michael, em uma reação de etapa única de três componentes, empregando-se acriloilmorfolina, acrilonitrila e acrilamida como receptores. Os novos derivados modificados obtidos foram caracterizados por meio de análise elementar, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, ressonância magnética nuclear no estado sólido para o núcleo de carbono, termogravimetria e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os novos materiais sintetizados foram empregados para a sorção dos cátions divalentes cobre, cádmio, chumbo e níquel, a partir de soluções aquosas, de modo a explorar as basicidades de enxofre, nitrogênio e oxigênio ligados às cadeias poliméricas. As capacidades sortivas máximas para tais cátions foram obtidas por meio de isotermas de sorção de Langmuir. A quitosana apresenta a seguinte ordem de sorção dos cátions metálicos: Cu > Cd > Ni > Pb, enquanto que para as quitosanas modificadas com amina apresentaram maiores capacidades, atingindo até o valor 2,97 mmol g para o cobre, refletindo a melhora nessa capacidade devido à incorporação de centros básicos, o que difere do valor da quitosana de 1,40 mmol g, para o mesmo cátion. Já as quitosanas modificadas com tióis apresentaram maiores capacidades para o chumbo. Quando a quitosana foi modificada com tiocarbamato os valores de sorção foram 2,54 e 1,65 mmol g para chumbo e cádmio, respectivamente, refletindo o efeito interativo dos ácidos com a propriedade mole do enxofre. Os dados experimentais foram ajustados aos modelos de isoterma de sorção de Langmuir, Freundlich e Temkin, usando os métodos de regressão linear e não linear. Quatro tipos de equações lineares de Langmuir foram utilizados para a melhor comparação desses ajustes. Há uma pequena variação entre as constantes de isoterma calculadas por meio dos métodos linear e não linear para os modelos de isotermas. No entanto, os valores das funções de erro para não linear são menores do que os determinados pelo método linear. As funções de erro para os sistemas lineares, os valores previstos das constantes de Langmuir e coeficiente de determinação são diferentes para cada tipo de equação de Langmuir linearizada. O valor do coeficiente de determinação obtido a partir de Langmuir do tipo 1 é maior do que os das outras três equações linearizadas e do que os dos modelos de Freundlich e Temkin, sugerindo que esse modelo é o que melhor se ajusta aos dados experimentais. Assim, essa forma linear foi a mais adequada para descrever os dados experimentais, em comparação com os outros dois modelos propostos
Abstract: Biopolymer chitosan was chemically modified in order to insert different functional groups on the pendant chains, which contain nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen basic centers to develop new materials for metal removal from aqueous solution. In a typical procedure chitosan reacted with glycidylmethacrylate through opening the three member epoxide ring, disposing double bond free. Thus, this precursor reacted with amines: ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, 1,4-(3-aminopropyl)piperazine, acetylhydrazine and thiols: 1,2- ethanedithiol and 2-aminoethanethiol. Chitosan was also modified with thiocarbamate and dithiocarbamate moieties through Michael¿s reaction based on a single step three component using acryloilmorpholine, acrylonitrile and acrylamide as acceptors. The new derivatives obtained were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance in the solid-state for the carbon nucleus, thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The chemically modified materials were employed to divalent cation sorptions such as copper, lead, cadmium and nickel from dilute aqueous solutions, in order to explore the Lewis basic properties of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen centers attached to polymeric chains of the biopolymers. The maximum sorption capacities for cations were obtained through Langmuir sorption isotherms. Chitosan presents the following sorption order for metallic cations Cu > Cd > Ni > Pb, while the chemically modified chitosan containing amine showed higher capacity, reaching 2.97 mmol g for copper, reflecting the improvement in sorption capacity, since the amount of copper on pristine chitosan gave 1.40 mmol g. Thiols chitosan derivatives gave highest sorption capacity for lead. When chitosan was modified with thiocarbamate the sorption values were 2.54 and 1.65 mmol g for lead and cadmium, respectively, reflecting the interactive effect of these acids with the soft sulfur property. The experimental data were adjusted to the Langmuir, the Freundlich and the Temkin sorption isotherm models using both linear and non linear regression methods. Four types of Langmuir linear equations were used for better comparison of linear and non linear regression methods. There is a small variation between isotherm constants calculated by linear and nonlinear methods for isothermal models. However, the values of the error functions for non linear are much lower than that determined by the linear method. The error functions for linear systems, the predicted values of the Langmuir constants and coefficient of determination are different for each type of linearized Langmuir equation. The value of the coefficient of determination obtained from Langmuir type 1 is higher than that of the other three linearized equations, the Freundlich and the Temkin models, suggesting that Langmuir type 1 is the bestfitting isotherm compared to the other linear forms. Thus, this linear form is more suitable to describe the experimental data, than the other two models
Doutorado
Quimica Inorganica
Dputor em Ciências
Queiroz, Carla do Nascimento. "Preparação e caracterização de microesferas poliméricas à base de metacrilato de glicidila e divinilbenzeno com propriedades magnéticas." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2707.
Full textIn this dissertation, polymeric microspheres with magnetic properties based on glycidyl methacrylate and divinylbenzene were synthesized by suspension polymerization technique. In order to obtain magnetic properties, magnetite particles modified by oleic acid were synthesized in laboratory. The effects of stirring rate, concentration of crosslink, the concentration of magnetite added and the concentration of stabilizer on the particles properties were studied. The magnetic microspheres were characterized according their morphology, thermal stability, incorporation of magnetite and their magnetic properties. The incorporate of iron particles content was mainly affected by stirring rate during the synthesis, by the content of magnetic material added, by the dispersion phase of magnetic material and by the monomers content in the copolymer. The thermal stability of copolymers was mainly affected by the content of magnetic material incorporated and by the monomers content, taking in account the resins with the same content of magnetic material added. The saturation magnetization for the microspheres was effected by the content of magnetic material incorporated. The modification with oleic acid was considered important to the incorporation of the magnetic material in the copolymer matrix.Magnetic polymeric particles with superparamagnetic behavior have been obtained with spherical morphology and saturation magnetization of 7.11 (emu/g). It was used monomers molar ratio of 50/50 %, 1% PVA, 20 % magnetite particles modified by oleic acid dispersion on organic phase and stirring rate of 500 rpm during the synthesis
Tonelotto, Renata Aparecida Cerqueira. "Avaliação da presença do 3-monocloro-1,2-propanediol e glicidol em óleos vegetais comestíveis utilizando GC/MS/MS e seu risco toxicológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2019. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9143/tde-18032019-153354/.
Full textChloropropanols are a known group of contaminants related to food processing. They are formed during the reaction process between lipids and chlorides when submitted to heat treatment and can be found in free or bound form. The 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD), is classified by IARC as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B). Glycidol (and its esters), also classified by IARC as a substance likely to be carcinogenic to humans (group 2A), has recently been found in food. The present study aims to evaluate the presence of 3-MCPD and glycidol in edible vegetable oils using gas chromatography with triple quadrupole MS/MS mass detector. The technique applied is recommended by AOCS, guide Cd 29c-13, an indirect analysis, and allows quantification of 3-MCPD and glycidol by building the calibration curves and analysis of reference samples. The method was validated and the detection limit of the contaminant 3-MCPD of 42,4 µg/kg and the quantification limit of 50 µg/kg was established. For Glycidol the detection limit of was 43,5 µg/kg and quantification limit was 50 µg/kg. The results obtained in the calibration and linearity curves demonstrated that the method could express results with good linearity (0 10 mg/kg, r2, = 0.9991). The results obtained in the trueness trials agreed to the criteria of 70 to 120% of recovery, and ± 20% of variation between the results according to what is preconized by SANTE (2017). The method showed to be selective, since no interfering peaks were observed in the retention times of the studied compounds. The tests performed on low, medium and high values demonstrated the robustness and precision of the method, so the validation was considered completed and suitable for the purpose. A total of 368 vegetable oil samples were analyzed (76 samples of canola oil, 48 samples of corn oil, 69 samples of cottonseed oil, 33 samples of palm oil, 10 samples of kern palm oil, 50 samples of palm olein, 30 samples of soybean oil and 51 samples of sunflower oil). The results found in samples for 3-MCPD were within mean values between 203 and 1205 µg/kg. The results found in samples for glycidol were within mean values between 2 to 1198 µg/kg where palm oil presented the highest variation for glycidol from 1600 to 5260 µg/kg. Through the risk assessment for the contaminant 3-MCPD it was possible to detect the values based on exposed worst case scenario and analytical results. The results for cottom oil were 0,044 µg/kg bw, sunflower 0,045 µg/kg bw, canola 0,18 µg/kg bw and palm oil 0,28 µg/kg bw, corn oil 0,0462 µg/kg bw, and for soybean, which is the most consumed oil in Brazil (72%) the value of 0,27 µg/kg bw. These results indicates safe consumption for these oils based in the Theoretical Daily Ingestion - TDI of 2µg/kg bw. The risk assessment for the glycidol based on exposure worst case scenario and analytical results presented for cottom oil the value of 0,061 µg/kg bw, sunflower 0,03 µg/kg bw, canola oil 0,13 µg/kg bw , palm oil 0,57 µg/kg bw, corn oil 0,11 µg/kg bw and for soybean, which is the most consumed in Brazil - 72% the value of 0,27 µg/kg bw. These results indicates safe consumption for these oils based in the TDI of 1000µg/kg bw.
RIZZA, STEFANO. "Caratterizzazione clinica, metabolica e infiammatoria di una popolazione di coronaropatici senza apparenti disturbi del metabolismo glicidico: studio MIDIAB." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/521.
Full textSciamareli, Jairo. "Síntese, caracterização e aplicação do polímero metil azoteto de glicidila (GAP) no desenvolvimento de novos propelentes para o programa aeroespacial brasileiro." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2012. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2152.
Full textGobatto, Claudio Alexandre 1964. "Metabolismo glicidico em musculo soleo isolado de ratos : efeitos do oleato sobre a desnutrição proteica e do treinamento fisico na recuperação nutricional." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314436.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Mais do que a simples reposição dos estoques energéticos, a recuperação nutricional deve restaurar a funcionalidade orgânica, com a mobilização normal dos substratos energéticos. O principal objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o efeito dos ácidos graxos livres na desnutrição e do treinamento físico na recuperação nutricional no que se refere ao fluxo glicolítico de ratos. O experimento foi realizado em duas partes: na primeira, os animais foram separados em dois grupos: D, alimentados com uma dieta contendo baixo teor protéico (6%) do desmame aos 60 dias de idade e C, animais alimentados com dieta normoprotéica (17%) no mesmo período. Do 61Q ao 10_ dia de idade, os ratos foram novamente separados em dois grupos: C - ratos que foram sempre alimentados com a dieta normoprotéica e R - animais alimentados com a dieta hipoprotéica do desmame aos 60 dias, passando então a receber a dieta a 17% de proteína. C e R foram ainda subdivididos em sedentários (8) e treinados (T - natação 1 h/dia, 5 dias/semana, com carga equivalente a 5% do peso corporal). Ao final de cada uma das etapas, fatias de músculos sóleos (25-35 mg) foram incubadas em frascos contendo Krebs-Ringer bicarbonato com [3H]-2-deoxyglucose (0.5 _Ci/ml), [U_14C]glucose (25 _Ci/ml) e insulina para a determinação da captação de glicose e síntese de glicogênio. Na primeira fase, as fatias dos sóleos de ratos C e D foram ainda incubadas em meio com (P) e sem (N) oleato (0.8 mM), formando quatro grupos: CN ,CP, DN e DP. Após 60 minutos de incubação. a concentração de lactato foi determinada no meio. Todos os resultados foram expressos em /lmol.g-1.h-1. Na primeira fase, não foram observadas alterações na captação de glicose entre os grupos (CN=19.60 + 1.34; CP=21.19 + 1.15; DN=19.13 + 1.09; DP=18.45 + 1.03). Os animais desnutridos apresentaram menor síntese de glicogênio muscular, independente da presença ou não de AGL (CN=3.12 + 0.18; CP=3.42 + 0.22; N=2.29 + 0.22; DP=2.04+ 0.24). No meio N, a produção de lactato foi maior nos animais D do que nos C. Entretanto, ambos os grupos apresentaram menores concentrações no meio com AGL que os respectivos resultados das fatias musculares no meio N (CN=37.10+1.85; CP=19.36+ 1.91; DN=61.03+ 6.00; DP=25.32 + 2.24). Na segunda fase, os ratos I captaram mais glicose que os animais sedentários, com valores inferiores nos ratos R em relação aos C. (CS=29.91+1.10, CT=34.14+1.52, RS=25.88+1.28, RT=29.53+1.00). A síntese de glicogênio na incubação foi similar nos quatro grupos (CS=2.71+O.26, TC=3. 1 O:tO. 18, RS=2.42+O.14, RT=3.07+ O.26), mas os ratos CT apresentaram maior produção de lactato (15.22+O.66) em ralção aos ratos CS (12.29+O.67). Não houveram diferenças entre a produção de lactato entre os grupos RS (16.78+1.04) e RT (15.95 + 0.75), mas a concentração de lactato foi maior nos RS do que nos CS. Nossos resultados sugerem que a desnutrição leva a alterações no fluxo glicolítico, o qual não é totalmente restabelecido com a recuperação nutricional utilizada em nosso modelo. O treinamento físico parece melhorar a recuperação nutricional
Abstract: Carbohydrate metabolism in the rats isolated soleus muscle. Effects of the oleate on malnourished and the physical training on the nutritional recovery . The nutritional recovery must provide, beyond the simple reposition of the energetic fuels, also the restauration of the normal mobilization these substrates. This study was designed to verify the effects of free fatty acids on malnutrition and the physical training on the nutritional recovery in rats soleus glycolitic flux. The experiment was developed in two parts: First, the animais were separated into 2 groups: M, fed a low protein (6%) diet from weaning to 60 days of age and C, fed a normal protein (17%) diet on some period. From 61!h to 10o!h days of age, the rats were separated into 2 groups: C: rats allways fed the normal protein diet and R: rats fed the low protein diet from weaning to the 6o!h days of age and the normal diet from this day on. C and R animais were divided into 2 sub-groups: S (sedentary) and T (swimming 1 h/day, 5d/week supporting a. load equivalent to 5% of body weight). At the end of each part, soleus muscles were isolated for incubation procedures. Muscle strips (25-35 mg) were transferred to separate flasks countaining Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution with [3H]-2-deoxyglucose (0.5 I-ICi/ml), [U_14C]glucose (25 I-ICi/ml) and insulin for determination of glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Muscle slices from C and M animais (first period) were incubated in the presence (P) ar absence (N) of FFA (0.8 mM), forming four groups: CN, CP, MN and MP. After 60 minutes of incubation, the concentration of lactate in the medium was measured. Ali results were expressed as Jlmol.g-1.h-1. In the first part, no alterations in glucose uptake were observed among groups (CN=19.60+ 1.34; CP=21.19 +.15; MN=19.13 + 1.09; MP=18.45 + 1.03), although the malnourished animais presented lower glycogen synthesis than the control rats in medium with or without FFA (CN=3.12 + 0.18; CP=3.42 + 0.22; MN=2.29+ 0.22; MP=2.04 + 0.24). In medium N, lactate production was higher in M rats than C rats. However, both nutritional treatments showed lower lactate production in medium P than in medium N (CN=37.10 + 1.85; CP=19.36+1.91; MN=61.03+ 6.00; MP=25.32+ 2.24). In the second period, the T rats showed higher glucose uptake than S animais (SC=29. 91 :t1.1 O, TC=34.14+1.52, SR=25.88+1.28, TR=29.53+1.00), with lower values for R rats than C rats. The glycogen synthesis was similar for the four groups (SC=2.71+O.26, TC=3.10+O.18, SR=2.42+O.14, TR=3.07+O.26), but the TC rats showed greater lactate production (15.22:t0.66) than SC rats (12.29+O.67). There was no difference in the lactate production between SR (16. 78+1. 04) and TR (15.95+O.75) rats, but the lactate production was higher for SR than for SC rats. Our results suggest that malnutrition leads to alterations on glycolitic flux, wich do not totally disappear with the nutritional recovery, although physical training appears to improve the nutritional recovery
Doutorado
Fisiologia e Biofisica
Doutor em Ciências Biológicas
Cardoso, Jessica Raquel. "Compósitos de polietileno de alta densidade e borracha de EPDM reprocessados e aplicação da radiação ionizante na modificação de suas propriedades." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-09022018-090209/.
Full textThe generation of waste after service end-life of polymeric materials is a reality that is being changed because of the recycling of these materials. Obtaining new materials from its reuse brings benefits to the reduction of costs in the final product, since it reduces the production of virgin raw material, while minimizing the amount of waste. In this work, the vulcanized EPDM rubber was thermally reprocessed by both simultaneous irradiation and oven aging to perform its devulcanization to improve performance in the recycling process; high density polyethylene (HDPE) was reprocessed twenty times so as to obtain a recycled thermoplastic. These both components were extruded to obtain composites containing 1% and 5% of rubber (with or without heat treatment) dispersed in reprocessed HDPE matrix. The compatibility between the components was obtained testing some kinds of substances and accordingly, the glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) promoted the best result. The composites were also subjected to irradiation process by electron beam at doses of 50 kGy to 100 kGy and analysis by FTIR, TG, DSC, SEM and mechanical tests (traction, impact and hardness) were carried out to compare irradiated and non-irradiated materials. The composites had become homogenous and the rubber and the polymeric matrix interface presented to be continuous. It was observed that both processes thermal-shearing and irradiation promote changes at the molecular level so that crosslinking and degradation occur simultaneously. The addition of EPDM in the studied concentrations was important to promote the material crosslinking. The composites showed improvement in mechanical properties with the irradiation process.
Krey, Patricia Fernanda. "Obtenção de polipropileno modificado com metacrilato de glicidila e anidrido maleico e sua aplicação na compatibilização de blendas de polipropileno/poli(tereftalato de etileno)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7038.
Full textCerri, Elisa. "Derivati naturali dell'acido difenolico per la sostituzione del bisfenolo A." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4955/.
Full textCasarano, Romeu. "Compósitos formados por polietileno modificado e celulose: obtenção e caracterização." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-16052007-144206/.
Full textThe first part of this work included the functionalization in solution of linear medium density polyethylene (LMDPE) with allyl glycidyl ether (AGE), in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as free radical reaction initiator. The characterization was made by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the degree of functionalization was estimated by means of two calibration curves. The type of solvent influenced the DF. The second part comprised the surface functionalization by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. AGE, maleic anhydride (MAH) and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (THFAH) were used as monomers and BPO and benzophenone (BP) as initiators. Contact angle measurements were used to characterize the surfaces. THFAH showed the best performance. The third part dealt with the functionalization by reactive processing of LMDPE with AGE, in the presence of BPO. FTIR was used to characterize the samples and the degree of functionalization was estimated as described above. The functionalization was (indirectly) confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. The degree of crystallinity decreased with the functionalization. The functionalization couldn?t be confirmed by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction. The chain scissions of the chemical modified LMDPE of trial 13 (and 13A) were evidenced by reduction of torque and mechanical properties. However, the melt flow index diminished. The favorable interaction between epoxide groups inserted on LMDPE chains and hydroxyl groups present in polysaccharide caused the increase in tensile strength and Young?s modulus values for composites and blends in relation to those obtained with virgin LMDPE. The increase in adhesion between the polymeric matrix and cellulose fibers was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and, qualitatively, by relatively large amounts of remaining residues after extraction in refluxing xylene.
Oliveira, Luciana Valadares. "Efeito do tipo de revestimento estetico e da eletroerosão sobre a desadaptação de infra-estruturas metalicas implantossuportadas." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289907.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: As distorções oriundas das técnicas de aplicação dos revestimentos estéticos sobre infraestruturas metálicas de próteses fixas podem resultar em margens cervicais desadaptadas. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito do tipo de revestimento estético, da simulação dos ciclos de cocção da porcelana e da eletroerosão sobre o desajuste de infra-estruturas implantossuportadas. Foi utilizada uma matriz metálica simulando um arco mandibular, contendo 5 pilares intermediários do tipo Microunit (Conexão Sistema de Próteses, Brasil). Sobre essa matriz, foram enceradas 40 infra-estruturas, fundidas em liga de CoCr (Remanium 2000, Alemanha). Para cada infra-estrutura, foi confeccionado um index, parafusando-se 5 réplicas em cada uma das infra-estruturas. Esse conjunto foi posicionado em gesso pedra especial com auxílio de delineador, antes da aplicação dos revestimentos estéticos, para avaliar o desajuste provocado apenas pela fase de aplicação dos revestimentos estéticos e ciclo de cocção da porcelana. As infra-estruturas foram separadas aleatoriamente: G1: resina acrílica termopolimerizável (Clássico, Clássico, Brasil); G2: resina fotopolimerizável (Versyo.com, Heraeus Kulzer, Brasil); G3: porcelana (Carmen, Dentaurum, Alemanha); G4: simulação dos ciclos de cocção da porcelana. Antes da aplicação dos revestimentos estéticos, foi realizada a avaliação do desajuste marginal sobre o index, após aperto de 10 Ncm em um único parafuso, correspondente ao implante A. Através desse procedimento, verificou-se a adaptação dos componentes C e E. O procedimento foi repetido no outro implante mais distal (E), para mensuração nos implantes A e C. As leituras foram realizadas utilizando microscópio mensurador (STN ¿ Olympus Optical, Japão). Procedeu-se o processo de eletroerosão (Tel Med Technologies, EUA), e novamente avaliação do desajuste marginal. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à Análise de Variância e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Os valores de desajuste marginal das infra-estruturas antes da aplicação dos revestimentos estéticos não apresentaram diferença estatística significante entre si: G1: 56,97 µm (± 16,86); G2: 43,27 µm (± 16,49); G3: 49,26 µm (± 17,11); G4: 40,66 µm (+ 10,85). A aplicação dos revestimentos estéticos e simulação dos ciclos de cocção da porcelana aumentaram significantemente os valores médios de desajuste marginal para todos os grupos: G1: 170,01 µm (±53,98); G2: 72,32 µm (±27,49); G3: 164,84 µm (±27,67); e G4: 86,28 µm (±20,01). Os grupos G1 e G3 não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre si, mas apresentaram diferença quando comparados aos G2 e G4. Após eletroerosão, as médias de desajuste marginal apresentaram valores significamente menores para os grupos: Gl: 108, 54 µm (±40,75); G3: 109,61 µm (±24,42); e G4: 59,63 µm (±22,13). A média de desajuste marginal para o grupo de resina fotopolimerizável não apresentou diferença estatística significante: G2: 49,70 µm (±16,65). Como observado anteriormente, os grupos G1 e G3 não apresentaram diferença estatística significante, mas ambos apresentaram diferença dos grupos G2 e G4. Conclui-se que os revestimentos estéticos em resina acrílica e porcelana produzem os maiores valores de desajuste marginal para próteses implantossuportadas, enquanto a resina fotopolimerizável, os menores. A aplicação de porcelana resultou em maiores valores de desajuste marginal que apenas a simulação dos ciclos de cocção. A eletroerosão foi eficaz na redução dos desajustes marginais até os limites considerados clinicamente aceitáveis
Abstract: The demand for a passive fit of frameworks for osseointegrated endousseous implants abutments is well known, because the tightening of an inaccurate framework to the abutments can transmit stress to the bone-metal interface. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the veneering application and porcelain firing cycle on the misfit level of implant-supported frameworks. Forty Co-Cr (Remanium 2000, Dentaurum, Germany) alloy frameworks were fabricated from a metallic index containing 5 Branemark type multi unit abutments. Analogs of the abutments were positioned to the framework, to construct an index for each framework. This index allowed the observation of the marginal gaps caused by the application of the veneering material. The frameworks were grouped (n=10): 1) heat acrylic resin (Clássico, Clássico, São Paulo, Brazil); 2) light polymerized resin (Versyo.com, Heraeus Kulzer, Brazil); 3) porcelain application (Carmen, Dentaurum, Germany); 4) simulation of porcelain firing cycle. Marginal refinement with spark erosion was conducted on specific equipment (Tel Med Technologies, U.S.A.). The marginal gap was obtained before and after the veneering materials and the spark erosion procedure, following the single screw test protocol (using a tightening force of 10 Ncm). A traveling microscope (STN ¿ Olympus Optical Co. Ltd Japan (120X) was used, tightening 10N in the titanium screw of the extremity distal implant, measuring the gaps at the central and distal implants. Data were subject Analysis of Variance followed by Tukey test (5%). Marginal gap mean values of the frameworks before the veneering application were not significantly different: G1: 56.97(± 16.86); G2: 43.27(± 16.49); G3: 49.26(± 17.11); G4: 40.66(± 10.85). The application veneering materials and the simulation of porcelain firing cycle increased significantly the misfit mean values of all groups: G1: 170.01 µm (±53.98); G2: 72.32 µm (+±27.49); G3: 164.84 µm (±27.67); e G4: 86.28 µm (±20.01). There were no significant differences between G1 and G3, but they were significantly different from both G2 and G3. After the spark erosion process, marginal gap mean values decreased significantly for the following groups: G1: 108. 54 µm (±40.75); G3: 109.61 µm (±24.42); and G4: 59.63 µm (±22.13). The light curing group decreased the marginal gap mean values, but not significantly after the spark erosion procedure: G2: 49.70 µm (±16.65). As occurred after the application of veneering materials, G1 and G3 groups did not show significant difference, but they both were significantly different from G2 and G4 groups. It can be concluded that heat cured acrylic resin and porcelain produced the highest mean values of marginal gaps, while light cured acrylic resin, the lowest. The application of porcelain produced higher misfit values than the simulation of porcelain firing cycles only. The spark erosion procedure was efficacious in reducing the frameworks marginal gaps to the levels clinically accepted for all groups evaluated.
Doutorado
Protese Dental
Doutor em Clínica Odontológica
Freitas, Maria Cristina Jesus. "Dietas ricas em amido resistente de bananas verdes (Musa AAA-Nanicão e Musa AAB-Terra) promovem alterações na função intestinal, no metabolismo lipidico e glicidico e na microbiota intestinal." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256104.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Todo amido ingerido não é sempre digerido e absorvido pelo intestino delgado. Uma parte do amido de certos alimentos resiste a digestão enzimática no intestino delgado e ao atingir o intestino grosso é hidrolisado parcialmente pela microflora. Nesta circunstância será denominado amido resistente (AR). O AR é encontrado em alimentos cozidos, resmados e processados, mas ocorre também in natura em batata crua e banana verde e outras fontes naturais. O fruto verde é rico em AR nativo. No presente estudo foram extraídos os amidos de duas espécies de banana (Musa AAA -Nanicão e Musa AAB - Terra) com rendimento total de 5 e 8%, respectivamente. Os grânulos de amido de ambas as bananas demonstraram-se química e morfologicamente semelhantes apresentando elevada resistência à a-amilase pancreática in vtro 84,61 e 84,81%para Musa AAA - Nanicão e Musa AAB - Terra, respectivamente. Os grânulos são ovalados e polimorfos de comprimento entre 30-40 J.lmpara Musa AAA - Nanicão e 20-40 J.lmpara Musa AAB - Terra, predominando formas ovais, alongadas e superfície lisa. Sob ação da a-amilase pancreática apresentaram corrosão apical e estrias equatoriais. O amido de Musa AAA - Nanicão foi caracterizado pela difração de raio-X em tipo B. O amido de Musa AAB - Terra teve difração de tipo C e apresentou melhor estabilidade de pasta no perfil amilográfico. O trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas: a primeira avaliou o efeito no trato intestinal de ratos alimentados com dietas contendo, na fração de amido que compõe a dieta, concentrações crescentes (O,7, 14 e 28%) de AR de bananas verdes (Musa AAA - Nanicão e Musa AAB - Terra) durante 10dias; a segunda etapa consistiu de dietas com 32% de AR de bananas verdespara avaliaro efeito no metabolismo lipídico e glicídico e na microbiota do cécum de ratos durante15 dias ¿Observação: O resumo, na íntegra poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital.
Abstract: Not alI ingested starch is digested and absorbed by the smalI intestine. Part of the starch from some kinds of food resists enzymatic digestion, and reaches the large intestine where it is partialIy hydrolysed by the microflora. This kind of starch is known as resistant starch (RS). Resistant starch is found in cooked, colded and processed foods, although it is naturalIy found in raw potatoes and green bananas and other natural sources. In this study starch was extracted from two species ofbananas (Musa AAA -Nanicão and Musa AAB - Terra) with total yields of 5 and 8%, respectively. The starch granules from both kinds of banana were chemicalIy and morphologicalIy alike and showed great resistance to pancreatic a-amylase in vitro, 84.61 and 84.81% for Musa AAA - Nanicão and Musa AAB - Terra, respectively. The granules are polymorphic with a length of between 30-40 IJ.mfor Musa AAA - Nanicão and between 20-40 IJ.mfor Musa AAB - Terra, with oval and elongated shapes with a smooth surface predominating. The action of pancreatic a-amylase resulted in apical corrosion and equatorial grooves. The starch from Musa AAA - Nanicão was characterized as type B by X-ray diffraction and that from Musa AAB - Terra as type C, the latter presenting a better paste stability in the amilographic profile. The research was divided into two stages: in the first, the effect on the intestinal tract of rats fed on diets with increasing concentrations (O, 7, 14 and 28% of the total starch content) of RS from green bananas (Musa AAA - Nanicão and Musa AAB - Terra) for 10 days was analyzed; in the second, the effects of feeding rats on diets with 32% of RS from green bananas on the lipidic and glycidic metabolism of the rats and also on the microbiotic content of the cecum was analyzed during 15 days ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations.
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciência da Nutrição
Furuse, Adilson Yoshio. "Influência do sistema fotoiniciador nas propriedades fisicoquímicas de resinas experimentais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25131/tde-30062009-150600/.
Full textThe aim of this work was to evaluate de influence of different tertiary amines on degree of conversion (DC), shrinkage-strain, shrinkage-strain-rate, Knoop microhardness, and colour and transmittance stabilities of experimental resins containing BisGMA / TEGDMA (3:1 wt), 0,25wt% camphorquinone, 1wt% amine (DMAEMA, CEMA, DMPT, or DABE). Different light-curing protocols were also evaluated. DC was evaluated with FTIR-ATR and shrinkage-strain with the bonded-disc method. Shrinkage-strain-rate data were obtained from numerical differentiation of shrinkage-strain data with respect to time. Colour stability and transmittance were evaluated during different periods of artificial aging, according to ISO 7491:2000. Results were evaluated with ANOVA, Tukey and Dunnetts T3 tests (α = 0.05). The studied properties varied according to amines. DC and shrinkage-strain were maximum at the sequence: CQ < DEPT < DMPT ≤ CEMA ≈ DABE < DMAEMA. Both DC and shrinkage were also influenced by the curing protocol, with positive correlations between DC and shrinkage-strain and DC and shrinkage-strain-rate. Colour varied in the sequence: DMAEMA < DEPT < DMPT < CEMA < DABE. Transmittance varied in the sequence: DEPT ≈ DABE < DABE ≈ DMPT ≈ CEMA < DMPT ≈ CEMA ≈ DMAEMA, being more evident at the wavelength of 400nm. No correlations between DC and optical properties were observed. The resin containing DMAEMA showed higher DC, shrinkage-strain, shrinkage-strain-rate and microhardness, in addition with better optical properties.
Reis, Jeanne Hemet?rio Cordeiro dos. "Novos mon?meros obtidos a partir do metacrilato de glicidila, bisfenol A e 4, 4 isopropilidenodicicloexanol : s?ntese, caracteriza??o estrutural e propriedades de comp?sitos para utiliza??o em resinas de restaura??o dental." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12863.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Nowadays, composite resins are the direct restorative materials more important in dental clinical performance, due to their versatility and aesthetic excellence. Bis-GMA (2,2-bis[4(2-hydroxy-3-metacryloxypropoxy)phenil]propane) is the base monomer more frequently used in restorative composite resins. However, this monomer presents some disadvantages, such as high viscosity and two aromatic rings in its structure that can promote allergic reactions to the humans. In this work, the main purpose was to synthesize new monomers from glycidyl methacrylate to use in dental restorative materials. Structural characterization of the monomers was carried out through FTIR and NMR 1H, and eight composites were produced from the new monomers, by addition of silane-treated alumino silicate particles (inorganic filler) and a photocuring system (camphorquinone and ethyl 4-dimethylaminebenzoate). The composites were analyzed by environmental scanning electronic microscopy and the water sorption and solubility, compressive strength and elastic modulus were determined. A commercial composite resin [Z100 (3M)] was used to comparison effect. The new composites presented general characteristics similar to the commercial ones; however, they didn t present the properties expected. This behavior was attributed to the lower degree of monomer reaction and to the granulometry and size distribution of the mineral filler in the polymeric matrix
Atualmente, as resinas compostas constituem-se no material restaurador direto mais utilizado nas interven??es da cl?nica odontol?gica, dada a sua versatilidade e excel?ncia est?tica. O mon?mero mais freq?entemente usado na matriz polim?rica dessas resinas ? o Bis-GMA (2,2-bis[4(2-hidr?xi-3-metacriloiloxipropoxi)fenil]propano). No entanto, esse mon?mero apresenta algumas desvantagens, tais como elevada viscosidade e a presen?a de dois an?is arom?ticos em sua estrutura que podem causar rea??es al?rgicas ao organismo humano. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi sintetizar, a partir do metacrilato de glicidila, novos mon?meros para serem utilizados como componentes de poss?veis materiais restauradores dentais. A estrutura qu?mica dos mon?meros obtidos foi caracterizada pelas t?cnicas espectrosc?picas FTIR e RMN 1H, e oito comp?sitos foram preparados a partir dos novos mon?meros e part?culas silanizadas de silicato de alum?nio (carga inorg?nica), utilizando um sistema fotoativador/iniciador composto por canforoquinona e 4-dimetil amina benzoato de etila. Os comp?sitos foram analisados por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura ambiental e avaliados quanto ? sor??o e solubilidade em ?gua, resist?ncia ? compress?o e m?dulo de elasticidade. Para efeito de compara??o, utilizou-se a resina composta comercial Z100 (3M). Os novos comp?sitos preparados apresentaram caracter?sticas gerais semelhantes ?s resinas comerciais, entretanto, n?o se comportaram como esperado em rela??o ?s propriedades estudadas, o que foi atribu?do ao menor grau de rea??o dos mon?meros e ? granulometria e distribui??o da carga mineral na matriz polim?rica
Salgado, Lívia. "Influência da alteração do pH e da degradação enzimática na rugosidade das superfícies de resinas compostas." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/414.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Avaliou-se a rugosidade das superfícies de duas resinas compostas, antes e após a sua imersão em solução aquosa com diferentes pH e solução enzimática. Para a confecção dos 60 corpos de prova, 30 para cada resina composta, utilizou-se uma matriz de acrílico com 5mm de diâmetro e 2mm de espessura, sobre uma tira de poliéster posicionada em uma placa de vidro estéril que foram preenchidas com as resinas compostas Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE) e Empress Direct (Ivoclar-Vivadent), em um único incremento e sobre esta foi colocada outra tira de poliéster e procedeu a fotopolimerização por 40s. Os corpos de prova foram divididos 06 grupos (n=10) de acordo com a solução empregada: água deionizada (Grupos ZA e EA); hidróxido de sódio com pH 13.2 (Grupos ZNa e ENa) e solução enzimática de colesterol esterase (Grupos ZE e EE). Para dar acabamento utilizou-se uma sequência decrescente de granulação de lixas d’água: 600, 1000, 1200, 1500 e 2000 e para o polimento, suspensões de alumina (Arotec, São Paulo, SP, Brasi): 1μm, 0,3μm e 0,05μm. Após o polimento foram armazenados em estufa a 37°C durante 7 dias e realizadas 3 medições de cada superfície no rugosímetro e realizada a média e foram imersos individualmente nas soluções por 30 dias e mantidos em estufa a 37°C, a cada 7 dias as soluções eram trocadas. Após 30 dias foram realizadas mais 3 medições da rugosidade das superfícies e realizada a média. Foi realizada ANOVA e o teste de Tukey. A partir dos resultados obtidos conclui-se que as resinas compostas testadas apresentaram degradação hidrolítica apenas na solução aquosa por um período de imersão de 30 dias.
The roughness of the surfaces was evaluated two composites before and after their immersion in aqueous solutions with different pH and the enzyme solution. For producing the 60 test specimens, 30 for each composite was used an acrylic matrix with 5mm in diameter and 2mm thick on a polyester strip placed on a sterile glass plate were filled with the resins Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE) and Empress Direct (Ivoclar Vivadent-) in a single increment and this was placed on another strip of polyester and proceeded to light curing for 40 seconds. The specimens were divided 06 groups (n = 10) according to the used solution: deionized water (ZA Groups and EA); sodium hydroxide at pH 13.2 (ZNA Groups ENA) and enzyme solution of cholesterol esterase (ZE and EE groups). To finish used a descending sequence of sanding granulation water: 600, 1000, 1200, 1500 and 2000 and for polishing alumina suspensions (Arotec, São Paulo, SP, Brasi): 1μm, and 0,3μm 0,05μm. After polishing were stored at 37 ° C for 7 days and 3 measurements carried out on each surface roughness and the carried medium and were immersed in individual solutions and kept for 30 days at 37 ° C every 7 days the solutions were exchanged. After 30 days there were over 3 measurements of surface roughness and made average. ANOVA and Tukey test was performed. From the results obtained it is concluded that the composites tested showed hydrolytic degradation in aqueous solution only for a period of 30 days immersion.
Fagundes, Fabio Pereira. "Estudo da imobiliza??o de proteases para a s?ntese de oligolisinas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17750.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Enzymatic synthesis of peptides using proteases has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. One key challenge in peptide synthesis is to find supports for protease immobilization capable of working in aqueous medium at high performance, producing watersoluble oligopeptides. At present, few reports have been described using this strategy. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to immobilize proteases applying different methods (Immobilization by covalent bound, entrapment onto polymeric gels of PVA and immobilization on glycidil metacrylate magnetic nanoparticles) in order to produce water-soluble oligopeptides derived from lysine. Three different proteases were used: trypsin, α-chymotrypsin and bromelain. According to immobilization strategies associated to the type of protease employed, trypsin-resin systems showed the best performance in terms of hydrolytic activity and oligopeptides synthesis. Hydrolytic activities of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined spectrophotometrically based on the absorbance change at 660 nm at 25 ?C (Casein method). Calculations of oligolysine yield and average degree of polymerization (DPavg) were monitored by 1H-NMR analysis. Trypsin was covalently immobilized onto four different resins (Amberzyme, Eupergit C, Eupergit CM and Grace 192). Maximum yield of bound protein was 92 mg/g, 82 mg/g and 60 mg/g support for each resin respectively. The effectiveness of these systems (Trypsin-resins) was evaluated by hydrolysis of casein and synthesis of water-soluble oligolysine. Most systems were capable of catalyzing oligopeptide synthesis in aqueous medium, albeit at different efficiencies, namely: 40, 37 and 35% for Amberzyme, Eupergit C and Eupergit CM, respectively, in comparison with free enzyme. These systems produced oligomers in only 1 hour with DPavg higher than free enzyme. Among these systems, the Eupergit C-Trypsin system showed greater efficiency than others in terms of hydrolytic activity and thermal stability. However, this did not occur for oligolysine synthesis. Trypsin-Amberzyme proved to be more successful in oligopeptide synthesis, and exhibited excellent reusability, since it retained 90% of its initial hydrolytic and synthetic activity after 7 reuses. Trypsin hydrophobic interactions with Amberzyme support are responsible for protecting against strong enzyme conformational changes in the medium. In addition, the high concentration of oxirane groups on the surface promoted multi-covalent linking and, consequently, prevented the immobilized enzyme from leaching. The aforementioned results suggest that immobilized Trypsin on the supports evaluated can be efficiently used for oligopeptides synthesis in aqueous media
S?ntese enzim?tica de pept?deos usando proteases tem atra?do uma enorme aten??o nos ?ltimos anos. Um desafio chave na s?ntese de pept?deos ? encontrar suportes para imobiliza??o de proteases capazes de apresentar um alto desempenho em meio aquoso, produzindo oligopept?deos sol?veis em ?gua, j? que at? o presente momento, pouco tem sido descrito usando essa estrat?gia. Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa tese foi imobilizar proteases usando diferentes m?todos (imobiliza??o por liga??o covalente, aprisionamento em g?is polim?ricos de PVA e imobiliza??o em nanopart?culas magn?ticas de Glicidil) para a produ??o de oligopept?deos derivados da lisina. Tr?s proteases foram utilizadas: tripsina, α-quimotripsina e bromela?na. De acordo com as estrat?gias de imobiliza??o associadas ao tipo de protease empregada, foi provado que os sistemas tripsina-resinas mostraram os melhores desempenhos em termos de atividade hidrol?tica e s?ntese de oligopept?deos. A atividade hidrol?tica das enzimas livres e imobilizadas foi determinada por espectrofotometria com base na mudan?a de absorb?ncia em 660 nm ? temperatura de 25 ?C (Casein method). O rendimento de oligolisina e o c?lculo do grau de polimeriza??o m?dio foram monitorados por RMN H. A protease tripsina foi covalentemente imobilizada em quatro diferentes resinas (Amberzyme, Eupergit C, Eupergit CM and Grace 192). O m?ximo rendimento de prote?na imobilizada foi 92, 82, 60, e 71 mg/g de suporte para cada resina, respectivamente. A efici?ncia desses sistemas (Tripsina-resinas) foi avaliada pela hidr?lise do substrato case?na e a s?ntese de oligolisina em meio aquoso. A maioria dos sistemas foram capazes de catalisar a s?ntese de oligopept?deos, entretanto com diferentes efici?ncias, tais como: 40, 37 e 35% para os suportes Amberzyme, Eupergit C e Eupergit CM, respectivamente, em compara??o com a enzima livre. Esses sistemas produziram olig?meros em somente 1 hora com grau de polimeriza??o m?dio mais alto que a enzima livre. Dentre esses sistemas, Eupergit CTripsina mostrou ser mais eficiente que os outros sistemas em termos de atividade hidrol?tica e estabilidade t?rmica, ao passo que n?o exibiu a mesma efici?ncia como era esperado para a s?ntese de oligolisina. Tripsina-amberzyme provou ser mais eficiente para a s?ntese de oligopept?deos, al?m de exibir um excelente reuso, mantendo 90% de sua atividade hidrol?tica e sint?tica ap?s sete reusos. As intera??es hidrof?bicas da tripsina com o suporte Amberzyme s?o respons?veis por proteger a enzima contra as fortes mudan?as conformacionais no meio reacional. Al?m disso, a alta concentra??o de grupos oxiranos na superf?cie da resina promoveu liga??es covalentes multipontuais e, consequentemente, preveniu a enzima imobilizada do processo de desor??o (Leaching process). Os resultados acima mencionados sugerem que a tripsina imobilizada nesses suportes pode ser eficientemente usada para a s?ntese de oligopept?deos em meio aquoso
Esteves, Nuno Manuel Alves. "Síntese de suportes cromatográficos monolíticos para purificação de biomoléculas terapêuticas." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/2482.
Full textPereira, Ana Catarina Soares. "Estudo das condições de reticulação de PVC pós-polimerização." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/31556.
Full textThis dissertation, carried out during a master’s internship at CIRES, had as main objective the study of curing conditions of a copolymer of vinyl chloride and glycidyl methacrylate crosslinked with 3-mercaptopropyltrimetroxysilane, with the aim to increase the insoluble content and trying to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Despite of being one of the most used plastics in the world, PVC has some limitations. When this polymer is crosslinked chemically, following a post-polymerization strategy, it is expected that the properties of PVC are improved. First, a bibliographic research was carried out with the objective of identifying the best crosslinking agent for PVC and which catalysts can be used in the cure. The selected crosslinking agent was 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and 5 catalysts were chosen to be tested, based on their positive response to the imposed safety criteria and due to its solubility in water, because the cure occurs in aqueous medium. All the catalysts were tested and the ones that yielded better results regarding the insoluble content, determine by Soxhlet extraction, were dioctyltin dilaurate (DOTL) and the commercial catalyst K-KAT 670. Using these two catalysts, tests were carried out varying the temperature and the mass fraction used of these catalysts. The conclusion was that the temperature was the most important factor. Therefore, the higher the temperature, the higher the insoluble content. Regarding the thermal and mechanical characterization, some samples were analyzed by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) but, against all expectations, the thermal and mechanical properties did not show significant improvements compared with the reference sample, which may be due to the silane used or the amounts used of the various components in the composition. Finally, some repeatability tests were carried out and DOTL was the catalyst with the highest insoluble content. However, this catalyst has tin, which is considered toxic for human reproduction and its use should be avoided, therefore future studies should be focused especially on the K-KAT 670.
Mestrado em Engenharia Química
"Metabolismo glicidico em musculo soleo isolado de ratos : efeitos do oleato sobre a desnutrição proteica e do treinamento fisico na recuperação nutricional." Tese, Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp, 1997. http://libdigi.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000116763.
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