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Glauchau, Stadtverwaltung. "Stadtkurier / Grosse Kreisstadt Glauchau: amtliches Mitteilungsblatt der großen Kreisstadt Glauchau." Mugler Druck und Verlag GmbH, 2015. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A5539.
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Petermann, Kirsten. "110 Jahre jung." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-24470.
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Genau am 15. Mai 2009 ist sie 110 Jahre geworden – die Glauchauer Stadt- und Kreisbibliothek. Mit einer großen Festveranstaltung am 18. Mai dieses Jahres wurde dieses Jubiläum im Konzertsaal des Schlosses Forderglauchau begangen. Außerdem finden das gesamte Jubiläumsjahr weitere Veranstaltungen zur Feier des 110jährigen Bestehens statt. Im Herbst 2009 gibt es zwei literarische Höhepunkte. Am 18. September stellt der bekannte und mehrfach ausgezeichnete Autor Ingo Schulze sein Buch „Adam und Evelyn“ vor. Der ehemalige Pfarrer der Nicolaikirche zu Leipzig und maßgebliche Akteur der friedlichen Revolution von 1989, Christian Führer, liest anlässlich „20 Jahre friedliche Revolution“ aus seiner Autobiografie „Und wir sind dabei gewesen“ am 16. Oktober 2009 in der Bibliothek.
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Jacob, Birgit. "Glauchau macht Schule: Die Bibliothek im Georgius-Agricola-Gymnasium ist ein modernes Kommunikationszentrum." SLUB Dresden, 2016. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A7400.
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Sitzsäcke, Lesewettbewerbe und Computerraum – in der westsächsischen Kreisstadt ist die Schulbücherei nicht nur zum Lernen da, sondern auch Aufenthaltsort und beliebter Treffpunkt. Was macht man in Glauchau anders als in den meisten deutschen Schulbibliotheken?
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Bürger, Thomas, Robert Elstner, Ramona Fenger, Ingrid Honomichl, and Kirsten Petermann. "Die Welt erlesen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1237550692033-10826.
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37 % aller Kinder wird niemals ein Buch vorgelesen, weder im Elternhaus noch im Kindergarten oder in der Schule. Dies geht aus einer aktuellen Umfrage der Stiftung Lesen hervor. Dabei ist das Vorlesen die Mutter des Lesens, wie Goethe schon wusste.
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Petermann, Kirsten. "American Spotlights." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1237559187090-26167.
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Am 16. Januar 2009 besuchte die Generalkonsulin der USA in Leipzig, Katherine Brucker zum ersten Mal in ihrer Amtszeit die Stadt Glauchau. Anlass war eine Veranstaltung in der Stadt- und Kreisbibliothek, zu welcher am Vormittag ca. 70 Schüler der 11. und 12. Klassen des Leistungskurses Englisch des Georgius-Agricola- Gymnasiums Glauchau in den Konzertsaal des Schlosses Forderglauchau eingeladen waren.
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Petermann, Kirsten. ""Wer liest, gewinnt"." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-25867.
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Wer liest, gewinnt immer – das ist bekanntlich eine Erkenntnis, der sich niemand verschließen kann, der einmal zum Buch gegriffen hat. Seit Ende 2004 macht die Quizveranstaltung für Schülerinnen und Schüler der fünften und sechsten Klassen aller Schulformen in vielen Bibliotheken Deutschlands halt. Initiiert wurde das Quiz durch eine Kooperation zur Leseförderung zwischen dem Arbeitskreis für Jugendliteratur e.V., dem Deutschen Bibliotheksverband e.V. und der Das Telefonbuch-Servicegesellschaft GmbH unter der Schirmherrschaft des Bundesministeriums für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend. Ziel aller Akteure ist es, Kindern außergewöhnliche Literatur nahe zu bringen.
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Weber, Raquel. "Pós-modernismo e regionalidade no romance Glaucha." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2009. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/407.
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Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar aspectos do fenômeno pós-modernista na literatura por meio da análise do romance Glaucha, de Paulo Ribeiro. Discute-se o contexto que permitiu o surgimento dessa tendência contemporânea, explorando sua condição de continuidade e ruptura em relação ao movimento que a antecedeu, o modernismo. Juntamente com a análise do romance, são exploradas as características atribuídas à tendência pós-modernista, ressaltando-se a forte presença da intertextualidade e da paródia. Estuda-se, também, sua relação com conceitos de cultura e de identidade regional, propondo-se a presença da regionalidade como característica constituidora do discurso pós-modernista.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-28T16:34:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Raquel Weber.pdf: 4682234 bytes, checksum: 8377ceda95fbe0e25229a74622ffaf41 (MD5)
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This study intents to investigate the postmodernist phenomenon´s aspects in literature through the analysis of the novel Glaucha, by Paulo Ribeiro. It is argued the context that allowed the appearing of this contemporary trend, exploring its condition of continuity and rupture in relation to the movement that preceded it, modernism. The characteristics attributed to the postmodernist trend are explored with the analysis of the novel, standing out the strong presence of the intertextuality and the parody. It is studied also its relation with culture and regional identity concepts, considering the presence of the regionality as a constitutive characteristic of the postmodernist speech.
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Glauche, Marc [Verfasser]. "Methode zur Entwicklung handlungsbefähigender Produktstrukturen / Marc Glauche." Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080762159/34.
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Azevedo, Venancio Guedes de. "\"Aspectos biológicos e dinâmica das capturas do tubarão-azul (Prionace glauca) realizadas pela frota espinheleira de Itajaí - SC, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-13082004-111652/.
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Foram analisados dados referentes às capturas do tubarão-azul (Prionace glauca) pela frota espinheleira baseada na localidade de Itajaí (SC), operando nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil e em águas internacionais adjacentes, entre os anos de 1996 a 2002. Estes foram obtidos na forma de mapas de bordo, fichas de desembarque e através de embarques nesta frota. Com as informações biológicas dos cruzeiros ajustou-se equações para a conversão dos dados de peso eviscerado dos animais capturados das fichas de desembarques para comprimento total e peso total. Após convertidos, elaborou-se a distribuição de frequência das classes de comprimento mensais e a análise da captura acumulada. Com dados dos mapas de bordo, analisouse a captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE) em peso e em número de indivíduos. Posteriormente desenvolveu-se modelagem estatística com o uso do modelo linear generalizado (GLM) para avaliar a magnitude do efeito das variáveis temporais e espaciais sobre as CPUEs. Verificou-se que o recrutamento por pesca ocorre entre maio e novembro, a ampliação da área de cópula para os 34º S, que as variáveis temporais influenciam mais nas CPUEs do que as espaciais, a correlação positiva da latitude com as CPUEs e negativa para a longitude e a necessidade de conservação deste importante grupo de predadores.This study analyzed data from the capture of blue shark (Prionace glauca) by the longline fleet based in Itajaí, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, operating in south and southeast regions and in international neighboring waters from 1996 to 2002. The data were collected in the form of logbooks, landing sheets and through research cruises personally conducted aboard the commercial fleet. Based on the biological information gathered from the cruises, equations were calculated in order to convert the data of carcass weight captured and listed in the landing sheets for total length and total weight. After data conversion, length frequency for each month and the analysis of accumulated capture was rebuilt. With the data from logbooks, CPUE/1000 hooks were analyzed in terms of kg and the number of individuals plotting of results. Statistical modeling was then developed with the use of GLM to assess the effect of time and space variables in CPUEs. At the time of fishery recruitment between May and November, the following were observed: (i) the expansion of the mating area to 34º S (ii) time variables influenced more the CPUEs than the space variables (iii) a positive correlation of the latitude with the CPUEs and a negative correlation for longitude and (iv) the need for conservation of this important group of predators.
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Cascaes, Mauro Juliano. "Ocorrência de PCBs, PBDEs e pesticidas organiclorados em Prionace glauca da costa sul brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21133/tde-03082011-105834/.
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Existem muitos estudos sobre a ocorrência de poluentes orgânicos persistentes (POPs) no ambiente marinho utilizando bioindicadores como os tubarões. Entretanto, no Brasil, ainda há carência de dados de POPs nesses organismos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a ocorrência e o comportamento dos PCBs, pesticidas organoclorados e PBDEs no ambiente marinho, a partir da utilização dos tubarões como indicadores. Musculatura e fígado de vinte tubarões-azul (Prionace glauca) foram coletados em agostosetembro de 2008. Os PCBs foram os poluentes predominantes, presentes em 80% das amostras, com concentrações variando de
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White, Jeremy Andrew Best Troy L. "Placement and recovery of seed caches by a solitary rodent, Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii)." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Biological_Sciences/Dissertation/White_Jeremy_46.pdf.
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Richard, Sylvie. "Analyse moléculaire de la réponse aux stress chez Picea glauca." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0002/NQ43108.pdf.
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Macedo, Luciene Fagundes Lauer. "Remoção de mercúrio e arsênio em cação-azul, Prionace glauca." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-19012011-102635/.
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Os cações são importantes recursos pesqueiros que podem apresentar concentrações de mercúrio (Hg) e arsênio (As) muitas vezes acima do limite de tolerância, o que os tornam impróprios como alimento. No meio aquático estes contaminantes são convertidos em espécies orgânicas, em especial metilmercúrio (MeHg) e arsenobetaína (AB), respectivamente. O MeHg é neurotóxico, sendo o sistema nervoso em desenvolvimento o mais susceptível. A AB é pouco tóxica, no entanto, o As inorgânico está envolvido em processos de estresse oxidativo, mutagênese e principalmente carcinogênese. Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a eficiência da cisteína na remoção de Hg, a ocorência de As total e inorgânico, e a redução de sua concentração com o emprego de borohidreto de sódio e de preparos para o consumo. A redução máxima de Hg, de 59,4%, com cisteína a 0,5% em pH 5,0, não foi reproduzida quando pretendida a reutilização da solução do aminoácido, importante do ponto de vista prático. O cação-azul continha elevados níveis de As total, 1,98 a 22,56 µg/g (base úmida), que foram removidos com borohidreto de sódio em 99%, demonstrando a alta potencialidade do método usado. O As inorgânico, presente na quantidade média de 0,0086 µg/g (base úmida), foi reduzido em 27,7%. O preparo para o consumo, por cozimento em água, do cação-azul em cubos (1-2 cm3), resultou em maior remoção de As total, de 65,9 a 71,2%; no cação grelhado a redução foi de 55,4 a 60,2%. As amostras, grelhadas ou cozidas, adicionadas de sal e limão enriquecido com ácido ascórbico, e as grelhadas contendo sal e sal com limão, apresentaram redução na concentração de As inorgânico de 30,1 a 42,8%.The shark are important fishery resources that may have concentrations of mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) often above the limit of tolerance, which makes them unsuitable as food. In the aquatic environment these contaminants are converted to organic species, particularly methylmercury (MeHg) and arsenobetaína (AB), respectively. The MeHg is neurotoxic, and the developing nervous system more susceptible. AB is slightly toxic, however, the inorganic As is involved in processes of oxidative stress, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis mainly. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of cysteine to remove mercury, the occurrence of the total and inorganic As, and the reduction of their concentration with the use of sodium borohydride and preparations for consumption. The maximum reduction of Hg, 59.4%, with 0.5% cysteine at pH 5.0, was not reproduced when you want to reuse the solution of the amino acid, important practical point of view. The blue-shark contained high levels of the total As, 1.98 to 22.56 µg/g (wet weight), which were removed with sodium borohydride in 99%, demonstrating the high potential of the method used. The inorganic As, present in the average amount of 0.0086 µg/g (wet weight) was reduced in 27.7%. Preparation for consumption by baking in water, the blue-shark into cubes (1-2 cm3) resulted in greater removal of the total As, 65.9 to 71.2%; in the grilled shark the reduction was 55,4 to 60.2%. The samples, grilled or baked, added salt and lemon enriched with ascorbic acid, and the grilled containing salt and salt with lemon, presented reduction in the concentrations of inorganic As from 30.1 to 42.8%.
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Sahli, Atef. "Copy number variations in the gene space of Picea glauca." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36434.
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Les variations de nombre de copies (VNCs) sont des variations génétiques de grande taille qui ont été détectées parmi les individus de tous les organismes multicellulaires examinés à ce jour. Ces variations ont un impact considérable sur la structure et la fonction des gènes et ont été impliquées dans le contrôle de différents traits phénotypiques. Chez les plantes, les caractéristiques génétiques des VNCs sont encore peu caractérisées et les connaissances concernant les VNCs sont encore plus limitées chez les espèces arborescentes. Les objectifs principaux de cette thèse consistaient i) au développement d’une approche pour la détection de VNCs dans l’espace génique de conifères arborescents appartenant à l’espèce P. glauca, ii) à l’estimation du taux de mutation des VNCs à l’échelle du génome et iii) à l’examen des profils de transmission des VNCs d’une génération à la suivante. Nous avons utilisé des données brutes de génotypage par puces de SNPs qui ont été générées pour 3663 individus appartenant à 55 familles biparentales, et avons examiné plus de 14 000 gènes pour identifier des VNCs. Nos résultats montrent que les VNCs affectent une petite proportion de l’espace génique. Les polymorphismes de nombre de copies observés chez les descendants étaient soit hérités soit générés par des mutations spontanées. Notre analyse montre aussi que les estimés du taux de mutation couvrent au moins trois ordres de grandeur, pouvant atteindre de hauts niveaux et variant pour différents gènes, allèles et classes de VNCs. Le taux de mutation du nombre de copies était aussi corrélé au niveau d’expression des gènes et la relation entre le taux de mutation et l’expression des gènes était mieux expliquée dans le cadre de l’hypothèse de barrière par la dérive génétique. Concernant l’hérédité des VNCs, nos résultats montrent que la plupart de ces derniers (70%) sont transmises en violation des lois mendéliennes de l’hérédité. La majorité des distorsions de transmission favorisaient la transmission d’une copie et contribuaient à la restauration rapide du génotype à deux-copies dans la génération suivante. Les niveaux de distorsion observés variaient considérablement et étaient influencés par des effets parentaux et des effets liés au contexte génétique. Nous avons aussi identifié des situations où la perte d’une copie de gène était favorisée et soumise à différentes formes de pressions sélectives. Cette étude montre que les mutations de novo et les distorsions de transmission de VNCs influencent la diversité génétique présente chez une espèce et jouent un rôle important dans l’adaptation et l’évolution.Copy number variations (CNVs) are large genetic variations detected among the individuals of every multicellular organism examined so far. These variations have a considerable impact on gene structure and function and have been shown to be involved in the control of several phenotypic traits. In plants, the key genetic features of CNVs are still poorly understood and even less is known about CNVs in trees. The goals of this thesis were to i) develop an approach for the identification of CNVs in the gene space of the conifer tree Picea glauca, ii) estimate the rate of CNV generation genome-wide and iii) examine the transmission patterns of CNVs from one generation to the next. We used SNP-array raw intensity genotyping data for 3663 individuals belonging to 55 full-sib families to scan more than 14 000 genes for CNVs. Our findings show that CNVs affect a small proportion of the gene space and copy number variants detected in the progeny were either inherited or generated through de novo events. Our analyses show that copy number (CN) mutation rate estimates spanned at least three orders of magnitude, could reach high levels and varied for different genes, alleles and CNV classes. CN mutation rate was also correlated with gene expression levels and the relationship between mutation rate and gene expression was best explained within the frame of the drift-barrier hypothesis (DBH). With regard to CNV inheritance, our results show that most CNVs (70%) are transmitted from the parents in violation of Mendelian expectations. The majority of transmission distortions favored the one-copy allele and contributed to the rapid restoration of the two-copy genotype in the next generation. The observed distortion levels varied considerably and were influenced by parental, partner genotype and genetic background effects. We also identified instances where the loss of a gene copy was favored and subject to different types of selection pressures. This study shows that de novo mutations and transmission distortions of CNVs contribute both to the shaping of the standing genetic variation and play an important role in species adaptation and evolution.
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Benabdoun, Faïza Meriem. "Étude moléculaire des étapes précoces de la symbiose actinorhizienne Casuarina-Frankia : analyse fonctionnelle des gènes de la plante hôte contrôlant l’infection." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20103/document.
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Étude moléculaire des étapes précoces de la symbiose actinorhizienne Casuarina-Frankia : analyse fonctionnelle des gènes de la plante hôte contrôlant l'infectionPlus de 80% des plantes peuvent établir une symbiose racinaire avec des champignons de l'ordre des Glomales et former des endomycorhizes à arbuscules (AM). En revanche, seules certaines espèces appartenant à dix familles d'angiospermes réunies dans le Clade des Eurosidées I peuvent établir une symbiose racinaire fixatrice d'azote. Il s'agit d'une part, des plantes de la famille des légumineuses (Fabacées) et de Parasponia associées à Rhizobium et d'autre part, des plantes actinorhiziennes associées à l'actinomycète Frankia. Comme chez les légumineuses, la symbiose actinorhizienne aboutit à la formation de nodosités (ou « nodules »), siège de la fixation d'azote par les bactéries. Cependant, contrairement aux nodules des légumineuses, le nodule actinorhizien présente une structure et un développement s'apparentant aux racines latérales. L'étude des nodosités actinorhiziennes est donc particulièrement intéressante tant pour rechercher les spécificités de cette symbiose, que pour déterminer quelles sont les caractéristiques communes avec les légumineuses. Nous avons étudié le rôle du gène CCaMK dans le processus symbiotique et l'organogenèse nodulaire chez l'arbre actinorhizien Casuarina glauca. CCaMK code pour une protéine kinase dépendante du calcium et de la calmoduline (« calcium and calmodulin dependent protein kinase »). Dans la cascade de signalisation conduisant à la nodulation et à la mycorhization chez les légumineuses, ce gène est positionné en aval des oscillations calciques (« calcium spiking ») qui ont lieu durant les premières étapes de l'interaction symbiotique. CCaMK jouerait un rôle dans la perception et le décodage des oscillations calciques, ainsi que leur transduction aux différents composants contrôlant les endosymbioses racinaires. Nous avons suivi l'expression spatio-temporelle de la fusion transcriptionnelle PromCgCCaMK::GUS au cours de la nodulation et montré que celle-ci était corrélée à la présence de Frankia tout au long du processus symbiotique, soulignant ainsi le rôle clé de CCaMK dans l'infection. Par ailleurs, nous avons cherché à déterminer l'importance du domaine autoinhibiteur de la protéine CCaMK dans l'activation du processus d'organogenèse du nodule. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé et introduit chez C. glauca des constructions géniques de CgCCaMK permettant l'expression de formes tronquées constitutivement actives, car dépourvues du domaine autoinhibiteur/CaM. Nous avons aussi utilisé des formes tronquées du gène MtCCaMK de Medicago truncatula. L'expression de ces formes tronquées de CCaMK a révélé que la levée de l'autoinhibition induit la formation de nodules spontanés indépendamment de l'actinobactérie Frankia. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que la protéine dérégulée est capable de réactiver la voie de signalisation, ainsi que les gènes situés en aval de CCaMK, qui sont nécessaires à l'organogenèse nodulaire.Mots clés : Casuarina glauca, Frankia, CCaMK, infection, autoinhibition, nodules spontanésMolecular study of the early stages of actinorhizal symbiosis Casuarina-Frankia: functional analysis of the host plant genes controlling the infectionMore than 80% of plant species are able to develop arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in association with glomeromycete fungi. In contrast, only some species of the Eurosid I clade, confined to four orders and ten Angiosperm families, are able to form nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbioses with soil bacteria. This concerns plants of the legume family (Fabaceae) and Parasponia associated with Rhizobium bacteria and actinorhizal plants associated with the actinomycete Frankia. Similarly to Legumes, the actinorhizal symbiosis results in the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. However, unlike legume nodule, the actinorhizal nodule has a same origin and structure than a lateral root. Thus, the study of actinorhizal nodules is of particular interest not only for investigating its specific properties but also, for determining common characteristics shared with legume nodules.We have studied the role of CgCCaMK gene during the symbiotic process and nodule organogenesis in the actinorhizal tree Casuarina glauca. CCaMK encodes a calcium and calmodulin dependent protein kinase. In the signalisation cascade leading to both nodulation and mycorrhization in legumes, this gene is acting downstream the calcium oscillations (« calcium spiking ») that occur during the early steps of the symbiotic interaction. It has been suggested that these calcium oscillations are decoded and transduced by the CCaMK protein.We have monitored the spatio-temporal expression of a PromCgCCaMK::GUS fusion during actinorhizal nodulation and have shown that reporter gene expression was correlated with the presence of Frankia along the symbiotic process. This data highlights the role of CgCCaMK during Frankia infection. In addition, we have investigated the role of the CCaMK autoinhibitory/CaM domain in actinorhizal nodule organogenesis. To achieve this goal, we have obtained truncated versions of CgCCaMK lacking the autoinhibitory/CaM domain, and then expressed them into C. glauca. We have also used truncated forms of MtCCaMK from Medicago truncatula. The expression of these CCaMK constructs from C. glauca and M. truncatula was found to induce spontaneous nodulation in the absence of Frankia bacteria. These results suggest that deregulation of the calcium and calmodulin dependent protein kinase is able to reactivate the symbiotic signalling pathway and genes acting downstream CCaMK that are needed for nodule organogenesis.Key words: Casuarina glauca, Frankia, CCaMK, infection, autoinhibition, spontaneous nodules
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Santos, Debora Nascimento e. "Microencapsulação de esqualeno proveniente do óleo do fígado de cação-azul via precipitação com CO2 supercrítico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-15082016-161734/.
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O óleo do fígado de cação-azul tem um valor nutricional elevado e é rico em inúmeras substâncias ativas, tais como o esqualeno, vitamina A e ácidos graxos poli-insaturados. A proposta desta pesquisa foi obter o óleo de fígado de cação-azul (Prionace glauca) sob condições brandas de temperatura usando extração com fluido supercrítico (SFE) e estudar o processo de microencapsulação deste, utilizando o sistema de formação de partículas por soluções ou suspensões em gás saturado (PGSS). Para estudar os parâmetros de extração supercrítica do óleo de cação-azul, utilizou-se em um primeiro momento o fígado de beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) como modelo e realizou-se extrações supercríticas a diferentes condições de temperatura (T, 50, 60 e 70 °C) e vazão de CO2 (5, 8 e 11 g CO2/min) sob uma mesma pressão (P) de 250 bar. Considerando as condições de maior rendimento, definiu-se para o fígado de cação-azul um delineamento de blocos completos, com 5 níveis de P (100, 150, 200, 250 e 300 bar) e 2 níveis de T (50 e 60°C). Com os diferentes óleos de fígado de cação-azul (OFCA) óleo de fígado de beijupirá (OFB) e óleo de fígado de tubarão comercial (OFTC), foram realizadas medidas físico-químicas (densidade, viscosidade, índice de refração, índice de acidez, valor de peróxido e índice de saponificação) e quantificou-se os ativos de interesse neste estudo, esqualeno, vitamina A e ácidos graxos essenciais. O OFCA com maior teor de esqualeno foi usado para a etapa de formação de micropartículas por meio da técnica PGSS, na qual partículas foram geradas usando como agentes de impregnação amidos modificados (Hi Cap® 100 e Purity Gum Ultra®) e caracterizadas. O OFB apresentou rendimentos distintos quando diferentes condições operacionais foram aplicadas, variando de 40 a 58% e estes resultados contribuíram para a definição das condições de extração do óleo de fígado de cação-azul. As características físico-químicas foram compatíveis com óleos sem refino, destacando-se o elevado teor de acidez (13,6 - 17% expresso como ácido oleico), que se julgou característico deste óleo. Foram encontrados ácidos graxos de elevado valor biológico. Os teores de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados foram de 41,2 a 49 g/ 100 de OFB e ácidos graxos poli-insaturados variaram de 21,8 a 25,3 g/ 100g de OFB. O esqualeno nos óleos variou de 354 a 462 mg/ 100g de OFB, reforçando o potencial desta matriz para diversas aplicações. Os rendimentos das extrações do OFCA variaram de 0 a 60%, considerado, para os maiores valores, superiores aos métodos convencionais. O OFCA apresentou parâmetros físico-químicos como densidade de 0,920 a 0,922 g.mL-1, viscosidade de 52 a 56 Pa.s, índice de refração de 1,4760 a 1,4785, índice de acidez de 1,1 a 2,2% em ácido oleico, valor de peróxido de 10 a 24 meq de O2 ativo/ kg de OFCA e índice de saponificação de 171 a 556 mg KOH/ g de OFCA comparáveis a óleos de pescados refinados. Os ensaios de quantificação de esqualeno e vitamina A indicaram valores de 171 a 534mg de esqualeno/ 100 de OFCA e 579 a 3.682 Retinol equivalente/ g de OFCA. As micropartículas geradas exibiram um considerável índice de retenção de óleo na superfície, de 74 a 82% e, além disso, parâmetros como alta solubilidade e baixa higroscopicidade dos amidos modificados tornam estas partículas amplamente aplicáveis na área de alimentos. O estudo do comportamento dos amidos modificados Hi Cap® 100 e Purity Gum Ultra® em contato com CO2 supercrítico não indicou expansão volumétrica nas amostras sob as condições avaliadas. Embora os óleos extraídos com CO2 supercrítico tivessem características de óleos refinados, as análises de estabilidade das micropartículas mostraram a necessidade de refino para uma maior shelf life do produto. Os teores de esqualeno, composto encontrado em todos os dias e em todos os tratamentos analisados, decresceu ao longo do período de estudo da estabilidade (de 0 a 60 dias).Blue shark liver oil has a high nutritional value and is rich in numerous active substances, such as squalene, vitamin A, polyunsaturated fatty acids. The purpose of this study was to obtain blue shark liver oil (Prionace glauca) under mild temperature conditions using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and to study the microencapsulation process of the oil using the particle formation system from gas saturated solution/suspension (PGSS). To study the supercritical extraction parameters of blue shark liver oil (BSLO), cobia liver (Rachycentron canadum) was used as a model and supercritical extractions were performed at different conditions of temperature (T, 50, 60 and 70 °C) and CO2 flow rate (5, 8 and 11 g CO2/min), under the same pressure (P) of 250 bar. Considering the higher yield conditions, it was set for the blue shark liver one complete block design with 5 levels of P (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 bar) and 2 T levels (50 and 60 °C). With the different BSLO, cobia liver oil (CLO) and purchased shark liver oil (PSLO), physicochemical measurements (density, viscosity, refractive index, acid number, peroxide value and saponification number) were performed and the active of interest in this study (squalene, vitamin A and essential fatty acids) were quantified. The BSLO with the highest squalene content was used for microparticle formation step by the PGSS technique in which particles were generated using modified starches as impregnation agents (Hi Cap® 100 and Purity Gum Ultra®) and characterized. CLO had different yields, ranging from 40 to 58%, when different operating conditions were applied and these results contributed to the definition of extraction conditions of BSLO. The physicochemical characteristics were consistent with oils without refining, highlighting the high acid content (13.6 to 17% oleic acid), which was considered characteristic of CLO. The CLO has high biological value fatty acids. The levels of monounsaturated fatty acids were 41.2 to 49 g/ 100 of CLO and polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 21.8 to 25.3 g/ 100 g of CLO. Squalene in oils ranged 354 - 462 mg/ 100g of CLO, reinforcing the potential of this matrix for several applications. BSLO yields of extractions ranged 0-60%, considered for the highest values superior to conventional methods. BSLO showed physicochemical parameters such as density from 0.920 to 0.922 g.mL-1, viscosity from 52 to 56 Pa.s, refractive index of 1.4760 to 1.4785, acid number from 1.1 to 2.2% oleic acid, peroxide value from 10 to 24 meq of active O2/ kg of BSLO and saponification number of 171-534 mg KOH/ kg of BSLO comparable to refined fish oils. The squalene and vitamin quantification assays indicated values of 161.30 to 542.55 mg of squalene/ 100g of BSLO and 579-3,682 retinol equivalent/ g of BSLO. The generated microparticles showed considerable oil retention index on the surface, 74-82% and, in addition, parameters such as low hygroscopicity and high solubility of modified starches makes these particles widely applicable in the food area. The behavior study of modified starches Hi Cap® 100 and Purity Gum Ultra® in contact with supercritical CO2 has not indicated volumetric expansion in the samples under the conditions evaluated. Although the oil extracted with supercritical CO2 had refined oils characteristics, analyzes the stability of the microparticles showed the necessity of refining for greater shelf life of the product. Squalene found decreased along the stability study period (0 to 60 days), however, it was found in every day and analyzed in all treatments. The squalene content, the compound found in every day and for all treatments analyzed, decreased along the stability study period (0 to 60 days).
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Karlsson, Anna. "Reproduction in the Hermaphrodite Aeolidiella glauca - A Tale of Two Sexes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Evolutionary Biology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-659.
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This thesis focuses on reproduction in a simultaneous hermaphrodite with internal fertilization; the nudibranch Aeolidiella glauca. Unlike most other nudibranchs, where copulation is the rule, A. glauca was found to transfer sperm via external spermatophores that were attached to the partner's back. Despite elaborate courtship the actual spermatophore transfer, which always involved two animals only, was of short duration. In most matings (88%) spermatophores were reciprocally exchanged.
A. glauca was further found to be very promiscuous. During mating and sperm transfer the receiver exerts considerable control over sperm, and manipulative behaviours designed to increase the donor's reproductive success are thus likely to have evolved. An example of such manipulative behaviour may be A. glauca's unique spermatophore avoidance behaviour. I found that slugs carrying a sign of previous mating activity, i.e. a spermatophore, were discriminated against in a situation where mate choice was possible. The presence of spermatophores was further found to reduce slugs' ability to interrupt matings, and displace other slugs. Body size, however, had no direct effect on displacement in A. glauca as small slugs interrupted matings as successfully as large ones. Furthermore, pair formation and mating were found to be random with respect to size. This was true also for pairs formed in the field.
In addition to mate choice hermaphrodites may increase their reproductive success by differential sex allocation. I tested whether differing mate encounter rates had any effects on allocation to male and female function in A. glauca. Slugs with more mating opportunities mated more, and had higher proportional spermatophore production that others. As predicted they also laid significantly fewer eggs than slugs presented with partners less often.
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Fitzpatrick, S. F. "Global population genetic structure of the pelagic blue shark (Prionace glauca)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557408.
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The blue shark, Prionace glauca, a large oceanic/pelagic predator with a continuous circumglobal distribution in temperate and tropical waters, is the most abundant and widespread of all extant shark species. They are heavily exploited in targeted and incidental fisheries worldwide. Concerns have been raised over the sustainability of such exploitation as severe declines in numbers have been recently observed. Sound management of any exploited fishery requires a proper understanding of the population sub structuring and basic breeding biology of the species involved. This is lacking for this ecological and economically important inhabitant of the open seas. In this study, we have developed nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial (mtDNA) molecular markers for blue sharks. These were used in an assessment of the global population genetic structure of the species involving over 900 specimens sampled over its distribution range. Based on micro satellite data and 21 blue shark litters (N = 578 embryos), we have characterised the mating system ofthe species. Results from the analyses of microsatellite (16 loci) and mtDNA sequence (3,1 07bp) data indicate the presence of multiple stocks on a global scale (i.e. genetic substructuring). These genetic stocks were defined by major oceanic regions, thus confirming earlier physical tagging studies, which suggest that the equator acts as a barrier to dispersal between northern and southern oceans. Analysis of data comprising 32 complete mtDNA genomes, representing the distribution range species, provides new insights into the evolutionary history of blue sharks. Microsatellite DNA profiling of blue shark litters revealed a high incidence of polyandry (80.0%) in the species. Females of multiply sired litters were larger than those of single paternity litters. Furthermore, females demonstrated a tendency to have litters sired by more males as they became older and larger. Results are discussed in light of the high energetic cost associated with the aggressive nature of copulations.
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Sousa, Lara Loureiro de. "Vulnerability of Prionace glauca (L.) to longlining in the NE Atlantic." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/908.
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Mestrado em Biologia MarinhaA Pesca de Palangre de superfície é uma prática pouco selectiva e encontra-se implementada em todos os Oceanos do planeta, perturbando e removendo espécies chave dos ecossistemas marinhos. Este estudo revelou a possibilidade de quantificar a extensão da sobreposição desta actividade com a distribuição da população de tubarão azul no Atlântico Nordeste. Assim, com o Maxent foi possível mapear e validar áreas de adequabilidade ambiental para tubarão azul. Modelos de distribuição potencial gerais e sazonais foram desenhados com um elevado nível de precisão (AUC=0.936 para os dados gerais em análise). Tal como já seria esperado a variável ambiental mais explicativa desta distribuição foi a temperatura à superfície do mar, em particular os seus valores mínimos. Analisando os modelos sazonais foi possível observar um alto grau de compatibilidade entre a distribuição e as movimentações sazonais da população previstas para o modelo e as descritas em estudos anteriores. Examinando os desembarques oficiais da Pesca de Palangre Portuguesa confirmou-se a importância de espécies de tubarões para esta Pesca comercial. A análise dos dados de MONICAP de barcos a operar no Atlântico Norte permitiu o mapeamento das áreas onde esta actividade é mais intensa. Estas áreas são definidas por 20-44ºN e 8-35ºW. A sobreposição de parâmetros ambientais com estas áreas sugere que a actividade pesqueira é sobretudo influenciada pela temperatura a superfície do mar, a batimetria e as anomalias de temperatura a nível geral, e a batimetria a nível sazonal. Com este estudo 40% da área potencial prevista para a distribuição do tubarão azul no Atlântico nordeste encontra-se sob severa exploração. Sazonalmente, a sobreposição ronda os 30-40% à excepção do Verão, onde desce para cerca de 15%. No entanto, é no Inverno que se dá a maior sobreposição, sendo também nesta altura que a pesca atinge maior intensidade. Estes valores são alarmantes, tendo em conta que a frota analisada é apenas uma das que operam na zona, pelo que quaisquer medidas tendentes a minimizar os efeitos da pesca de Palangre terão de ser desenvolvidos a nível internacional. ABSTRACT: Longlining is a non-selective fishing technique implemented in all major Oceans in the planet, moreover is disturbing and removing keystone species from the marine ecosystem worldwide. The present study aimed to assess the extent to which this fishing activity overlaps the distribution of blue shark in the northeast Atlantic. Thus, with Maxent it was possible to map and validate areas of environmental suitability and appropriate niche for blue shark. Both general and seasonal models for this top predator were predicted with a high level of accuracy (AUC=0.936 for general training data). As it was already expected the main feature influencing this distribution was sea surface temperature, particularly its minimum values. Analysing the seasonal models it was possible to observe a general agreement between the predicted distribution and seasonal movements of blue sharks and data previously described. Scrutinizing Portuguese longlining landings it was confirmed the magnitude of shark species to this commercial fishery. Data from Portuguese longlining landings confirmed the magnitude of shark captures by this commercial fishery. The analysis of Portuguese VMS records of the longline vessels operating in the North Atlantic Ocean allowed the designing of a map indicating areas subject to a constant exploitation. These areas are defined by the coordinate’s 20-44ºN and 8-35ºW. The ecological analysis of these areas revealed sea surface temperature, bathymetry, and SST anomalies as the main drivers of longlining exploitation both in general and seasonal analysis. With the present study 40% of the potential distribution area of blue shark in the northeast Atlantic population is under severe longlining exploitation. Seasonally, the overlap is around 30-40%, with the exception of the summer, where it falls to 15%. However, the highest overlap is in the winter, precisely when the fishery's activity is the most intense. These values are alarming, considering that the longline fleet studied is not the only one operating in the area. Therefore, any mitigation measures to reduce effects of bycatch by longlining should be implemented at the international level.
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Caltabellotta, Fabio Prior. "Crescimento relativo e idade de embriões do Tubarão-Azul, Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) no Sudeste-Sul do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-12122009-225446/.
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O tubarão-azul, Prionace glauca, é uma das espécies de elasmobrânquios pelágicos, mais capturadas pela frota de espinhel-de-superfície. No presente estudo analisou-se o crescimento relativo e a idade de 83 embriões, provenientes de fêmeas grávidas capturadas em 1998, durante o Programa Avaliação do Potencial Sustentável de Recursos Vivos da Zona Econômica Exclusiva REVIZEE, na região Sudeste-Sul do Brasil. Foram analisados 48 caracteres morfométricos, verificando-se que entre as variáveis morfométricas mais expressivas, o comprimento furcal, o comprimento pré-caudal, o comprimento inicial da segunda nadadeira dorsal, o comprimento pré-anal e o comprimento pré-pélvico contribuíram com valores acima de 50% na composição do corpo do embrião. Por meio de regressões lineares de variáveis logaritmizadas, constatou-se alometria negativa em (53,2%), positiva em (36,1%) e isometria em (10,7%) dos caracteres morfométricos analisados. A idade de cada embrião foi estimada por meio da utilização do método da proporção direta modificada de Dahl-Lea, e os parâmetros de crescimento foram ajustados através das curvas de crescimento logística, de von Bertalanffy e de Gompertz. De acordo com os critérios de seleção de Akaike (AICmin, i e wi) e da soma dos quadrados dos erros (SQE), o modelo de Gompertz foi escolhido como o melhor representante do crescimento embrionário de P.glauca.The blue shark, Prionace glauca, is a pelagic elasmobranchs, mainly captured by the Brazilian pelagic longline fleet. In this study we analyzed both the relative growth and the age of 83 of pregnant females captured in 1998 during the Program \"Evaluation of the Sustainable Potential of Living Resources of the Exclusive Economic Zone\" - REVIZEE in the Brazilian Southeast-South region. We analyzed 48 morphometric characters, showing that among the most expressive, fork length, the length pre-flow, the initial length of the second dorsal fin, the length pre-anal and the length pre-pelvic represented above 50% of the composition of the embryos bodies. By means of linear regressions of logarithmic morphometric variables values, we found negative allometry (53.2%), positive allometry (36.1%) and isometry in (10.7%). The age of each embryo was estimated applying the direct proportion of Dahl-Lea method modified, and the parameters of growth were adjusted to logistic growth curves of von Bertalanffy and Gompertz. According to the selection criteria of Akaike (AICmin, i and wi) and the sum of the squares of errors (SSE), the Gompertz model was chosen as the most representative of the growth of P.glauca embryos.
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Weber, Philipy Alexandre Pereira. "Revisão taxonômica de Rhynchospora vahl seção glaucae C.B. clarke (Cyperaceae) para a América do Sul." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/128740.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Algas e Plantas, Florianópolis, 2014.Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-05T20:17:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 331624.pdf: 1895326 bytes, checksum: 78834ea04bf553d58ae3cac5be6632f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Rhynchospora Vahl (Cyperaceae) é um gênero cosmopolita, com cerca de 270 espécies e tem seu centro de distribuição nas Américas, principalmente nas zonas tropicais. O gênero é caracterizado pelas espiguetas com glumas de arranjo espiralado, as superiores floríferas, com flores bissexuadas ou então uma flor bissexuada inferior e as superiores estaminadas; apresentam ainda estilopódio persistente sobre o fruto e aquênio geralmente com cerdas perigonais. O presente estudo trata da revisão de Rhynchospora seção Glaucae para a América do Sul e foi desenvolvido através de métodos tradicionais de taxonomia. Os resultados obtidos são apresentados em dois artigos: o primeiro apresenta a revisão taxonômica da seção para a América do Sul com 14 espécies registradas; o segundo traz a descrição de uma nova espécie, Rhynchospora sp1 e discussões acerca da distribuição disjunta de R. gollmeri.
Abstract : Rhynchospora Vahl (Cyperaceae) is a worldwide genus with about 270 species and has its distribution center in the Americas, especially in the tropics. The genus is characterized by spikelets with spiral scales arrangement, the upper scales fertile, with bisexual flowers or one lower bisexual flower and the upper ones staminate; still have persistent stylobase on the fruit and achene usually with perigonial bristles. The present study is a revision of Rhynchospora section Glaucae for South America and has been developed through traditional methods of taxonomy. The results are presented in two papers: the first presents the taxonomic revision of the section for South America with 14 species recorded; the second one brings the description of a new species, Rhynchospora sp1 and discussions on the disjunct distribution of R. gollmeri.
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Péret, Benjamin. "Transport de l'auxine et développement du nodule actinorhizien chez l'arbre tropical Casuarina glauca." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163696.
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Les plantes actinorhiziennes appartiennent à 8 familles d'angiosperme et forment une symbiose fixatrice d'azote avec l'actinomycète du sol Frankia qui aboutit à la formation de nodules au niveau du système racinaire de la plante. Le nodule actinorhizien est considéré comme une racine latérale modifiée car i) il provient de divisions des cellules du péricycle situées en face du pôle de xylème, ii) il possède un méristème apical et un système vasculaire central et iii) chez certaines espèces comme Casuarina glauca une racine nodulaire est produite à l'apex de chaque lobe nodulaire. L'auxine, et notamment le transport d'influx, est impliquée dans la mise en place de la racine latérale. Nous avons donc identifié des gènes de transporteurs d'influx d'auxine chez la plante actinorhizienne C. glauca et étudié le rôle du transport d'influx au cours de la mise en place du nodule actinorhizien.Deux gènes de la famille AUX-LAX codant des transporteurs d'influx d'auxine ont été identifiés C. glauca. Les profils d'expression des gènes CgAUX1 et CgLAX3 sont très conservés entre C. glauca et Arabidopsis thaliana. De plus, des analyses fonctionnelles par complémentation de mutants d'A. thaliana ont mis en évidence une équivalence entre CgAUX1 et AtAUX1. Nos études suggèrent également qu'il existe une divergence fonctionnelle au sein de la famille AUX-LAX.
Nous avons analysé le rôle de ces gènes au cours de la mise en place de la symbiose. Notre étude montre que le gène CgAUX1 est exprimé dans les cellules infectées tout au long de l'infection. De plus, le rôle du transport d'influx d'auxine dans le mécanisme d'infection a été confirmé par l'utilisation d'un inhibiteur du transport d'influx. Par ailleurs, le gène CgAUX1 est exprimé dans le primordium de racine latérale mais pas dans le primordium nodulaire. Cela suggère que ces deux organes présentent des différences dans leur programme de développement.
Afin d'identifier les mécanismes agissant en aval du transport d'influx d'auxine, nous avons étudié le rôle d'AtLAX3 chez Arabidopsis. Nous avons montré qu'un certain nombre de gènes de remodelage de la paroi sont induits par l'auxine de façon dépendante d'AtLAX3 au cours de l'émergence de la racine latérale. Nous avons cherché à identifier des gènes de remodelage de la paroi qui pourraient être impliqués dans l'infection par la bactérie Frankia de façon dépendante de CgAUX1. Cg12 qui code une protéase de type subtilisine spécifiquement exprimée dans les cellules infectées pourrait être une cible de la signalisation auxinique dépendante de CgAUX1.
Nos résultats suggèrent que le transport d'influx d'auxine est impliqué dans la mise en place du nodule actinorhizien chez C. glauca.
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McInnis, Stephanie Marie. "The isolation and molecular characterization of a 2S albumin gene from Picea glauca." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq27200.pdf.
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Langille, Patrick David. "Selectivity of nicosulfuron on Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. and Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58350.pdf.
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Abram, Beverley Louise. "Responses of Nicotiana glauca guard cell protoplasts to changes in the culture environment." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314238.
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Asay, Amanda Karlene. "Mycorrhizal facilitation of kin recognition in interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45400.
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Insight into influences on successful seedling establishment could be essential to future regeneration of British Columbia’s interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) forests, particularly as climate changes. Areas of harsh climatic conditions have low regenerative capacity and require management decisions leading to enhanced seedling establishment. Variable retention harvesting and natural regeneration from residual trees, for example, may become increasingly important for their locally adaptive traits as climate changes. Kin recognition, mycorrhizal networks, or the combination of the two may be important mechanisms for enhanced seedling establishment in these regions. We examined the effects of relationship (kin vs. non-kin) and mycorrhizal networks on regeneration from seed in greenhouse and field settings. In the greenhouse, kin recognition was evident in differing foliar microelement (Fe, Mo, Al and Cu) and growth variables (total leaf area, volume and stem length) according to relationships between seedlings. Kin recognition was also weakly evident in the field, where it was expressed as differential survivorship among kin versus non-kin seedlings. Kin selection was evident in the greenhouse, where microelement content of kin was greater than non-kin. Greater mycorrhizal colonization of kin compared to non-kin as well as greater donor total leaf area, volume and stem length also suggest kin selection, although not consistently in all experiments. In the field, survivorship was greater among non-kin; however, detection of kin recognition may have been masked by the large effects of site and seed origin on germination and survival. Mycorrhizal networks and carbon transfer occurred within all greenhouse seedling pairs, and enhanced mycorrhization of kin suggests network colonization was involved in kin selection, but our data does not strongly support our hypothesis that kin recognition was facilitated by mycorrhizal networks. While the mechanism of kin recognition is still not well understood, we provided evidence of kin recognition in interior Douglas-fir seedlings, particularly those that originate from harsh climates, and observed subtle indicators of kin selection or reduction of competition due to a close genetic relationship. Accounting for these phenomena in forest management could be helpful to successful regeneration of interior Douglas-fir forests as stresses associated with climate change increase.
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De, Biasi Juliana Beltramin. "Diversidade e estrutura populacional global do tubarão azul (Prionace glauca) utilizando marcadores moleculares." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157111.
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Orientador: Fernando Fernandes MendonçaResumo: Tubarões são organismos amplamente reconhecidos como predadores de topo de cadeia e sua distribuição geográfica associada à capacidade migratória em diversas espécies, principalmente pelágicas, tornam as avaliações e monitorias de suas populações uma tarefa complexa. O tubarão-azul, Prionace glauca, é uma espécie globalmente distribuída e altamente migradora, classificado como “Quase Ameaçado” na Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN. No entanto, ao longo de sua história, P. glauca vem sendo frequentemente associado a capturas da pesca industrial e, seus registros recentes, apontam declínios relevantes em suas populações em algumas localidades. Dentre o conhecimento necessário para a gestão adequada e conservação de espécies amplamente exploradas, podemos ressaltar que as informações sobre a variabilidade genética e dinâmica populacional são de grande valia, principalmente quando se trata de uma espécie de elevada capacidade de dispersão. Assim, este estudo é o primeiro a caracterizar a biodiversidade molecular e a estrutura populacional desta espécie globalmente, a partir de 534 indivíduos provenientes de diferentes localidades nos oceanos Atlântico, Índico e Pacífico. Utilizando a região controle de DNA mitocondrial (CR), encontramos 43 haplótipos com diversidade Hd=0,778, diversidade de nucleotídeos de π=0,005 e índice de estrutura populacional global de ΦST=0,054 (P=0,0001). Estes resultados indicam que P. glauca está entre as espécies de tubarões com os maiores ín... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Sharks are organisms widely recognised as top-chain predators and their geographic distribution associated with migratory capacity in several species, mainly pelagic, make evaluations and monitoring of their populations a complex task. The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is a globally distributed and highly migratory species, classified as "Near Threatened" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, throughout its history, P. glauca has been frequently associated with industrial fisheries catches, and its recent records indicate relative declines in their populations in some localities. Among the knowledge necessary for the proper management and conservation of widely exploited species, we can highlight the information about genetic variability and population dynamics are of great value, especially when it is a species of high dispersion capacity. Thus, this study is the first to characterise the molecular biodiversity and population structure of this species globally, from 534 individuals from different locations in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Using the mitochondrial DNA control region (CR), we found 43 haplotypes with diversity Hd = 0.778, nucleotide diversity of π = 0.005 and a global population structure index of ΦST = 0.054 (P = 0.0001). These results indicate that P. glauca is among the species of sharks with the highest indexes of genetic variability and high gene flow among the oceans, with low geographic delimitation and moderate population struct... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Bruno, Carlos Eduardo Malavasi. "Análise morfológica da nadadeira do tubarão-azul, Prionace glauca, Linnaeus, 1758 (Carcharhiniformes: Elasmobranchii)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-11062013-094219/.
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Tubarões e Raias pertencem à classe dos Chondrichthyes, por serem animais que possuem esqueleto cartilaginoso. O Tubarão-azul (Prionace glauca), popularmente conhecido como \"cação-azul\" dentre todas as espécies de tubarão é a mais abundante no ambiente marinho, podendo ser encontrado em toda a parte do mundo. O estudo teve como objetivo estudar a morfologia das nadadeiras do tubarão-azul (Prionace glauca) e os efeitos sobre células tumorais \"in vitro . Os resultados foram obtidos através da microscopia de luz e Citometria de fluxo. Com os caracteres encontrados na analise macroscópica foi possível identificar as nadadeiras obtidas como sendo do Tubarão-azul (Prionace glauca). A histologia da cartilagem da nadadeira do Tubarãoazul, demonstrou que é formada de cartilagem hialina, apresentando três regiões distintas, sendo no seu interior formado por condrócitos, na periferia de cartilagem calcificada e nas bordas formada por pericôndrio com a presença de colágeno tipo I,II e III. Os resultados obtidos das amostras do Elemento Radial não evidenciam alterações funcionais, quanto ao armazenamento, transporte e obtenção do suprimento celular, estes são viáveis e satisfatórios. O composto da cartilagem de tubarão para o tratamento de tumor \"in vitro\" neste estudo sugeriu que o mesmo apresenta uma atividade anti-tumoral significativa. Mostrou efeito tóxico sobre os tumores de mama murina (TAE) e tumor de mama canino (TMC) em baixas concentrações, não apresentando efeito tóxico nas células de fibroblasto nas mesmas concentrações.Sharks and rays belong to the Chondrichthyes Class, once they have cartilaginous skeleton. The blue shark (Prionaceglauca), popularly known as \"blue-cation\", among all shark species is the most abundant in the marine environment and can be found everywhere in the world. This study aimed to study the fin morphology in the blue shark (Prionaceglauca) and its effects on \"in vitro\" tumor cells. The results were obtained using light microscopy and flow cytometry. Using the gross morphology we confirm that the fins belonged to the blue shark (Prionaceglauca). The fin cartilage of the blue shark was formed of hyaline cartilage. It showed three distinct regions with chondrocytes inside, calcified cartilage in the periphery, and perichondrium with collagen type I, II and III in the margins. The results obtained from the Radial Element not showed functional changes as storage, transport and cellular supplies obtaining, they were feasible and satisfactory. The use of shark cartilage compound for the treatment of \"in vitro\" tumor cells suggested that it showed a significant anti-tumor activity. It showed a toxic effect on murine breast tumors (MBT) and canine breast tumor (CBT) at low concentrations, with no significant toxic effect on fibroblast cells using the same concentrations.
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Melo, Luana Felix de. "Desenvolvimento embríonário do fígado do Tubarão-azul, Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758), Elasmobranchii, Carcharhiniformes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-15062018-155713/.
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O Tubarão azul (Prionace glauca), popularmente conhecido como cação-azul dentre todas as espécies de tubarão é a mais abundante no ambiente marinho, podendo ser encontrado em todos os mares. Com a diversidade das espécies, a descrição de qualquer fígado especifico, dificilmente poderá ser utilizada como um modelo. Juntamente com essa variabilidade, algumas características fisiológicas dos peixes contribuem para ampliar seu polimorfismo hepático, entretanto pode ser considerado o ponto inicial para os estudos comparativos e filogenéticos entre os vertebrados. O fígado dos peixes aparece como em todos os outros vertebrados, como um órgão chave que vai controlar muitas funções vitais e realizar um papel proeminente na fisiologia dos peixes, tanto no anabolismo (proteínas, lipídios e carboidratos) e no catabolismo (nitrogênio, glicogenólises e desintoxicação). Por outro lado, deve ser considerado como um órgão alvo para muitos parâmetros biológicos e ambientais que podem alterar a estrutura e o metabolismo do fígado, como por exemplo, a alimentação, toxinas, parasitas, microrganismos e metais pesados acumulados. Nos peixes o fígado é localizado ventralmente na cavidade celomática, ajustando-se ao espaço disponível na cavidade do corpo. Foi realizada através da microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura a morfologia estrutural do desenvolvimento do fígado do tubarão azul nos 33 espécimes, divididos em diferentes tamanhos de embriões e fetos de 4 cm até 45 cm, comparados com um indivíduo adulto fêmea de 2 metros. A contagem de hepatócitos e vacúolos de gordura foi pela morfometria, através da técnica de pontos em fotomicrografias aleatórias. Nos resultados obtidos, pode-se notar que o fígado ocupava 20% do tamanho do animal. Microscopicamente, observou a presença de diferentes tamanhos de vacúolos de armazenamento de lipídio nos hepatócitos, diferença nas proporções de hepatócitos, linfócitos e vasos sanguíneos que diminui à medida que aumenta a estocagem de lipídios, consequentemente diminuindo a visibilidade da estrutura do fígado. Maior visualização de vacúolos translúcidos intracitoplasmáticos microgoticular aumentando gradativamente para macrogoticulares. Sugerindo assim que a presença de lipidios seja para manutenção dos filhotes, flutuabilidade e reserva energéticado animal, indicando que ele armazena gordura em seu fígado desde o início da embriogênese.The blue shark (Prionace glauca), popularly known as blue dogfish among all shark species is the most abundant in the marine environment, and can be found in all seas. With the diversity of species, the description of any specific liver can hardly be used as a model. Together with this variability, some physiological characteristics of the fish contribute to increase its hepatic polymorphism, however, it can be considered the starting point for comparative and phylogenetic studies among vertebrates. Fish liver appears as in all other vertebrates as a key organ that will control many vital functions and play a prominent role in fish physiology, both in anabolism (proteins, lipids and carbohydrates) and in catabolism (nitrogen, glycogenolysis and detoxification). On the other hand, it should be considered as a target organ for many biological and environmental parameters that can alter the structure and metabolism of the liver, such as food, toxins, parasites, microorganisms and accumulated heavy metals. In fish, the liver is located ventrally in the coelomic cavity, adjusting to the available space in the body cavity. The structural morphology of blue shark liver development in 33 specimens divided into different sizes of embryos and fetuses from 4 cm to 45 cm was compared to a female adult of 2 meters, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The counts of hepatocytes and fat vacuoles were by morphometry, using the technique of points in random photomicrographs. In the results obtained, it can be noted that the liver occupied 20% of the size of the animal. Microscopically, it observed the presence of different sizes of lipid storage vacuoles in hepatocytes, a difference in the proportions of hepatocytes, lymphocytes and blood vessels that decreases as lipid storage increases, consequently decreasing the visibility of the liver structure. Greater visualization of microcyticular intracytoplasmic translucent vacuoles gradually increasing for macrogoticulares. Thus suggesting that the presence of lipids is for the maintenance of the puppies, buoyancy and energy reserve of the animal, indicating that it stores fat in its liver from the beginning of embryogenesis.
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Peret, Benjamin. "Transport de l'auxine et développement du nodule actinorhizien chez l'arbre tropical Casuarina glauca." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20041.
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Les plantes actinorhiziennes appartiennent à 8 familles d’angiosperme et forment une symbiose fixatrice d’azote avec l’actinomycète du sol Frankia qui aboutit à la formation de nodules au niveau du système racinaire de la plante. Le nodule actinorhizien est considéré comme une racine latérale modifiée car i) il provient de divisions des cellules du péricycle situées en face du pôle de xylème, ii) il possède un méristème apical et un système vasculaire central et iii) chez certaines espèces comme Casuarina glauca une racine nodulaire est produite à l’apex de chaque lobe nodulaire. L’auxine, et notamment le transport d’influx, est impliquée dans la mise en place de la racine latérale. Nous avons donc identifié des gènes de transporteurs d’influx d’auxine chez la plante actinorhizienne C. Glauca et étudié le rôle du transport d’influx au cours de la mise en place du nodule actinorhizien. Deux gènes de la famille AUX-LAX codant des transporteurs d’influx d’auxine ont été identifiés C. Glauca. Les profils d’expression des gènes CgAUX1 et CgLAX3 sont très conservés entre C. Glauca et Arabidopsis thaliana. De plus, des analyses fonctionnelles par complémentation de mutants d’A. Thaliana ont mis en évidence une équivalence entre CgAUX1 et AtAUX1. Nos études suggèrent également qu’il existe une divergence fonctionnelle au sein de la famille AUX-LAX. Nous avons analysé le rôle de ces gènes au cours de la mise en place de la symbiose. Notre étude montre que le gène CgAUX1 est exprimé dans les cellules infectées tout au long de l’infection. De plus, le rôle du transport d’influx d’auxine dans le mécanisme d’infection a été confirmé par l’utilisation d’un inhibiteur du transport d’influx. Par ailleurs, le gène CgAUX1 est exprimé dans le primordium de racine latérale mais pas dans le primordium nodulaire. Cela suggère que ces deux organes présentent des différences dans leur programme de développement. Afin d’identifier les mécanismes agissant en aval du transport d’influx d’auxine, nous avons étudié le rôle d’AtLAX3 chez Arabidopsis. Nous avons montré qu’un certain nombre de gènes de remodelage de la paroi sont induits par l’auxine de façon dépendante d’AtLAX3 au cours de l’émergence de la racine latérale. Nous avons cherché à identifier des gènes de remodelage de la paroi qui pourraient être impliqués dans l’infection par la bactérie Frankia de façon dépendante de CgAUX1. Cg12 qui code une protéase de type subtilisine spécifiquement exprimée dans les cellules infectées pourrait être une cible de la signalisation auxinique dépendante de CgAUX1. Nos résultats suggèrent que le transport d’influx d’auxine est impliqué dans la mise en place du nodule actinorhizien chez C. GlaucaActinorhizal plants belonging to 8 families of angiosperms can enter symbiosis with a soil actinomycete called Frankia. This interaction leads to the formation of nitrogen fixing nodules on the plant root system. The actinorhizal nodule is considered as a modified lateral root because i) it originates from divisions of pericycle cells situated in front of xylem poles, ii) its vasculature is central and its growth is indeterminate due to the presence of an apical meristem and iii) in some species such as Casuarina glauca a so-called “nodular root” is formed at the apex of each nodule lobe. Auxin, and more particularly auxin influx, is involved in lateral root formation. We identified auxin influx transporter genes in the actinorhizal plant C. Glauca and studied the role of auxin influx transport during actinorhizal nodule formation. Two AUX-LAX genes encoding for auxin influx carriers have been identified in C. Glauca. The expression patterns of CgAUX1 and CgLAX3 are highly conserved between C. Glauca and Arabidopsis thaliana. Functional complementation of the Arabidopsis aux1 mutant revealed that CgAUX1 and AtAUX1 share equivalent functions. Our data suggest that functional divergence exists in the AUX-LAX family. We analysed the role of these genes during the actinorhizal symbiosis. Expression studies showed that CgAUX1 is expressed in all infected cells. Moreover, we confirmed that auxin influx transport is involved in the symbiotic process by taking advantage of an auxin influx transport inhibitor. We also observed that CgAUX1 is expressed in lateral root primordium but not in nodule primordium thus pinpointing some differences in the developmental program of these two organs. We then tried to identify the mechanisms acting downstream of auxin influx transport by studying the role of AtLAX3 in Arabidopsis. We showed that a set of cell wall remodeling genes are induced by auxin in a AtLAX3 dependent way during lateral root emergence. We next tried to identify cell wall remodeling genes that could be involved in the infection process in a CgAUX1 dependent way. Cg12 encodes for a subtilisin-like protease that is specifically expressed in Frankia infected cells and could be a target of CgAUX1 dependent auxin signaling. Our results suggest that auxin influx transport is involved in the infection process during actinorhizal nodule formation in C. Glauca
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McMillan, Heather Anne. "MHC, parasite burden and heterozygosity in the blue shark (Prionace glauca, L.1758)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=205227.
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The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is a highly migratory pelagic elasmobranch that inhabits ocean basins globally. As a result, this shark is exposed to intensive ocean exploitation by commercial target fisheries, by-catch and for recreational pursuits globally. This top predator is therefore at high risk of becoming overfished. Advances to current knowledge of genetic population structure and diversity of this species would provide vital information required to initiate co-operative management approaches. In this study, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIa and IIβ genes were successfully isolated and characterised from blue sharks. Phylogenetic trees of the class II genes showed three major clades; one of teleost fish, one of tetrapods and one of sharks. The MHC class IIβ gene exon 2 primers successfully amplified partial sequences in blue sharks from several global locations. Analysis of sequences using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) suggested the assay resolved different sequences up to one basepair, making the assay potentially very useful with further development. The class II genes presented in this study show conflicting evidence for the presence of more than one class II locus. To explore inheritance patterns of MHC exon 2 diversity, a single blue shark litter (mother + 19 pups) was cloned and sequenced, revealing evidence to suggest the possibility of more than one locus for class IIβ. Statistical analysis of parasite loads and diversities from blue shark spiral valves revealed no definitive population structure, supporting global and North Atlantic mtDNA and microsatellites genetic analyses presented here. The size (fork length) of sharks was found to be potentially influential when modelled with individual microsatellite heterozygosity and fork length. International co-operation will be required to prevent this species becoming extinct from global marine ecosystems. Reductions in numbers could lead to reduced genetic diversity, decreased immunity and ultimately an 'unhealthy' population.
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Hamilton, Jill Adelle. "Genomic and phenotypic architecture of a spruce hybrid zone (Picea sitchensis x P. glauca)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43001.
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Natural hybrid zones may be viewed as important biological systems for examining the role of selection in creating and maintaining species differences. Where ecological differences exist between hybridizing species, these zones may provide useful insight into the genetic architecture of important traits involved in adaptation. I have evaluated the genomic and phenotypic architecture of the economically and ecologically important Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce) x P. glauca (white spruce) hybrid zone along the Nass and Skeena river valleys in northwestern British Columbia using chloroplast and mitochondrial markers, twelve microsatellite loci (SSRs), and 268 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in combination with morphological variation, and phenotypic data from a common garden. Maternally- and paternally-inherited organelle markers, in combination with bi-parentally inherited nuclear markers, were used to estimate both the historic and contemporary direction and extent of gene flow within the hybrid zone. Sitka spruce mitotype ‘capture’ throughout the introgression zone point towards asymmetric gene flow, congruent with microsatellites and SNPs, indicating extensive long-term introgression and widespread recombination with more Sitka spruce than white spruce ancestry in hybrid populations. Significant clinal variation was observed for marker-based hybrid indices and morphological traits associated with climate and geography, while growth and cold hardiness traits evaluated in a common garden exhibited weak to non-significant clines. These results indicate extrinsic selection appears to play a strong role in the distribution and structure of this hybrid zone, which fits expectations for the environmentally-determined bounded hybrid superiority model of hybrid zone maintenance. However, intrinsic mechanisms of hybrid zone maintenance could not be ruled out. Finally, broad-scale patterns of variation, combined with fine-scale analysis of candidate SNP-specific patterns of introgression revealed a suite of candidate loci that may be targets of extrinsic or intrinsic selection. These loci may be involved in either adaptation to climate across the zone, particularly precipitation gradients, or involved in the maintenance of species barriers. These results have important implications for genetic conservation of adaptive variation, selection of seed sources for current reforestation within this ecologically transitional area, and appropriate scale and direction of seed transfer relating current genotype-climate associations to future climate predictions for this region.
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Dudley, Leah S. "Ecological conditions of secondary sexual dimorphism in salix glauca fundamental and realized dimorphic niche /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4382.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 27, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Cobban, Heather Christine. "Development and characterization of microsatellite DNA markers in Picea glauca, Moench, Voss., white spruce." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22587.pdf.
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Shishido, Masahiro. "Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for interior spruce (Picea engelmannii x P. glauca) seedlings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25159.pdf.
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Wang, Yingfang. "Low temperature effects on physiological characteristics of dormant white spruce (Picea glauca) bareroot seedlings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34854.pdf.
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Bruno, Carlos Eduardo Malavasi. "Desenvolvimento embrionário dos órgãos linfoides do Tubarão-azul, Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758), Elasmobranchii, Carcharhiniformes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-21032017-150059/.
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O tubarão-azul, Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) é uma espécie cosmopolita, de alto valor comercial, principalmente capturado por embarcações que operam em alto mar e vendido em mercados e feiras-livres. Poucos dados biológicos estão disponíveis sobre esta espécie, principalmente quanto à sua sanidade e, o conhecimento do desenvolvimento de seus órgãos linfoides pode trazer importantes informações neste contexto. Desta forma, o objetivo do trabalho é descrever o desenvolvimento embrionário dos órgãos linfoides em embriões de tubarão-azul: timo, órgão epigonal, baço e órgão de Leydig, quanto à estrutura e arquitetura macroscópica, microscópica e ultraestrutural, pelas técnicas de microscopia de luz e eletrônica de transmissão. Foram coletados cinco espécimes de cada fase representativa do desenvolvimento embrionário: I, II, III e IV e do animal adulto. O timo foi visível macroscopicamente nas fases III e IV e microscopicamente da fase I a IV. O órgão de Leydig está presente nas fases II, III e IV. O baço e o órgão epigonal estão presentes em todas as fases embrionárias e no adulto. O timo apresentou principalmente populações de timócitos em diversos estágios de maturação e melanomacrófagos, o baço apresentou melanomacrófagos linfócitos em diversos estágios de maturação, neutrófilos, trombócitos e grande quantidade de eritrócitos. O órgão epigonal apresentou um grande número de células imaturas, principalemente de linfócitos e células polimorfonucleares. A função do órgão de Leydig é perdida quando adulta, sendo substituída pelo órgão epigonal. Os resultados desse trabalho permitem sugerir que esses órgãos apresentam uma função hematopoiética desde o inicio da embriogênese até a fase adulta.The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is a cosmopolitan species of high commercial value, easily caught by vessels operating on the high seas and sold in markets and street fairs. Few biological data are available on this species, mainly from their sanity. Studies on development of these lymphoid organs can provide important information in this regard. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the gross, microscopic and ultraestrutural morphology of the embryonic development of lymphoid organs: thymus, epigonal organ, spleen and the Leydig organ by light microscopy and transmission electron techniques. Five specimens were collected from each representative stage of embryonic development: II, III and IV besides adult specimens. Thymus was visible macroscopically at phases III and IV and microscopically from phase I to IV. Leydig organ is presente in phases II, III and IV. Spleen and epigonal organ are present in all embrionic phases and adult. Thymus presented mainly thymocytes populations in several maturation stages and melanomacrophages, spleen presentes melanomacrophages and lymphocytes, neutrophyls, trombocytes and huge amount of erytrocytes. Epigonal organ presented many immature cells, mainly lymphocytes and polimorphonuclear cells. Leidigs organ function is lost in adulthood being replaced by the epigonal organ. The results of this work allow to suggest that these organs present a hematopoietic function since the early development until the adult phase.
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Navarrete, Valdivia Wilson Alejandro. "Caracterización entomológica de renovables de Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser (Comuna de Empedrado, VII Región)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105099.
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Froussart, Emilie. "Impacts d’agropolymères sur la germination, le développement racinaire, et les interactions plantes-microorganismes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT130.
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Impacts d’agropolymères sur la germination, le développement racinaire, et les interactions plantes-microorganismes. Les travaux réalisés au cours de la thèse sont de nature exploratoire et visent à déterminer les effets physiologiques de la gomme de guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) et trois de ses dérivés fonctionnalisés, sur la germination des semences, le développement racinaire des plantes et leur capacité à interagir avec un microorganisme symbiotique.Arabidopsis thaliana a été choisie comme plante modèle pour déterminer si le développement des plantes est modifié lorsqu’elles sont soumises à ces molécules, et explorer les mécanismes impliqués. Une analyse fine des modifications architecturales a été menée, via des études de microscopie et l’utilisation de plantes transgéniques. Des développements racinaires contrastés ont été mis en évidence pour deux des agropolymères fonctionnalisés, avec un raccourcissement de la racine primaire et des modifications du nombre de racines latérales. Les plantes traitées par ces deux agropolymères présentent une augmentation de la production d’espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ROS) qui traduisent un état de stress des plantes. Ces macromolécules polysaccharidiques ne semblent pas avoir d’impact sur les nutritions carbonée et azotée des plantes.Parallèlement aux recherches entreprises avec A. thaliana, des travaux ont été menés sur l’arbre tropical actinorhizien Casuarina glauca. Cette espèce d’intérêt pour certains pays du Sud peut se développer dans les sols pauvres en raison de son association symbiotique avec l’actinobactérie fixatrice d’azote Frankia. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence que les polymères induisent sur C. glauca des phénotypes racinaires identiques à ceux observés avec A. thaliana. Pour ce qui concerne l’interaction symbiotique, selon l’agropolymère testé et les concentrations choisies, des impacts positifs ou négatifs ont été observés sur le processus de nodulation résultant de l’interaction avec Frankia. L’ensemble de ces travaux fournit des éléments préliminaires qui devraient permettre de promouvoir, dans le futur, ces agropolymères dans le milieu agricole comme biostimulant, afin de tendre vers une agriculture plus durable et responsable.Mots clefs : Agropolymères – germination – développement racinaire – interactions plantes / microorganismes – Arabidopsis thaliana – Casuarina glaucaImpact of agropolymers on seed germination, root development, and plant-microorganism interactionsThe work performed during this thesis is of an exploratory nature and aims at providing insight to the physiological effects of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) gum polymer and three functionalized derivatives on seed germination, root development and a symbiotic plant-microorganism interaction.Arabidopsis thaliana was chosen as model plant to determine whether plant development was modified by the presence of these polymers and to explore the mechanisms involved. A detailed microscopic analysis of the root architecture was carried out using transgenic plants. Contrasted root development was evident for two of the functionalized agropolymers. Primary roots were shorter and lateral roots distribution was modified. Biochemical analyses revealed that the plants treated by these two agropolymers exibited an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in root tissues indicating that plants are in stress conditions. Such polysaccharides did not seem to have any effects on carbon and nitrogen plant nutrition.In parallel, studies were performed on the tropical actinorhizal tree Casuarina glauca. This species is of great environmental value in mitigating desertification since is able to grow in poor tropical soils because of its symbiotic interaction with the nitrogen-fixing actinobacteria Frankia. Treatment of C. glauca with the polymers induced root phenotypes that were very similar to those observed with A. thaliana. Treatment with agropolymers resulted in positive or negative effects on the nodulation process during the symbiotic interaction between C. glauca and FrankiaTaken together this work provides preliminary evidence supporting the value of the use agropolymers as agricultural biostimulants, facilitating the development of sustainable agriculture.Key words: Agropolymers – germination – root development – plants-microormanisms interactions – Arabidopsis thaliana – Casuarina glauca
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Lastra, Rod A. "Population dynamics of interior Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca, in Canada's four Mountain Parks." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62774.pdf.
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Glauche, Florian [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Neubauer, Peter [Gutachter] Neubauer, Jürgen [Gutachter] Hubbuch, and Detlef [Gutachter] Goelling. "Platform technologies for automated bioprocess development / Florian Glauche ; Gutachter: Peter Neubauer, Jürgen Hubbuch, Detlef Goelling ; Betreuer: Peter Neubauer." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156018455/34.
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Abdel-Lateif, Khalid. "Flavonoids and actinorhizal symbiosis : Impact of RNA interference-mediated silencing of chalcone synthase gene on symbiosis between Casuarina glauca and Frankia." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20244/document.
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Les deux systèmes nodulaires symbiotiques les plus importants au niveau agronomique et environnemental sont, d'une part, les symbioses Rhizobium-légumineuses qui concernent environ 14 000 espèces, et d'autre part, les symbioses entre les plantes actinorhiziennes (environ 200 espèces) et l'actinomycète du sol Frankia. La plupart des plantes actinorhiziennes sont capables de fixer des quantités d'azote comparable à celles des Légumineuses ; ce sont généralement des plantes pionnières capables de coloniser des environnements pauvres en éléments minéraux. Elles représentent donc un atout écologique important. Si la symbiose Rhizobium-légumineuse est très étudiée, les mécanismes moléculaires à l'origine de la formation des nodules actinorhiziens restent actuellement peu connus. Ainsi, chez les Légumineuses, les flavonoïdes sont des molécules-clefs du processus de nodulation, alors que chez les plantes actinorhiziennes, l'implication des flavonoïdes dans la nodulation reste imprécise. L'objectif de cette thèse était de comprendre l'implication des flavonoïdes au cours de l'interaction symbiotique entre l'arbre actinorhizien tropical Casuarina glauca et son symbiote Frankia. L'analyse d'une base de données d'unigènes couplée à celle de données d'expression de puces à ADN a permis l'identification de huit genes de C. glauca impliqués dans la voie de biosynthèse des flavonoïdes. L'étude de leur expression dans les racines par PCR quantitative au cours d'une cinétique d'infection de C. glauca par Frankia a montré que les transcrits de la chalcone isomerase et de l'isoflavone reductase s'accumulaient très tôt après l'inoculation, suggérant ainsi une implication des isoflavonoïdes dans la symbiose actinorhizienne. Nous avons alors utilisé une stratégie d'ARN interférent pour réduire l'expression du gène de la chalcone synthase, la première enzyme de la voie de biosynthèse des flavonoïdes. La réduction de l'expression du gène de la chalcone synthase a provoqué une réduction significative du taux de flavonoïdes dans les racines ainsi qu'une très forte diminution du taux de nodulation chez les plantes transformées. Une restauration du taux de nodulation a pu être obtenu en présence de naringenin, une molécule centrale de la voie de biosynthèse des flavonoïdes.Nos résultats apportent donc, pour la première fois, une évidence directe de l'implication forte des flavonoïdes au cours de la nodulation des plantes actinorhiziennesNitrogen-fixing root nodulation, confined to four plant orders, encompasses more than 14,000 Leguminosae species, and approximately 200 actinorhizal species forming symbioses with rhizobia and Frankia bacterial species, respectively. Most actinorhizal plants are capable of high rates of nitrogen fixation comparable to the nitrogen fixing symbiosis between legumes and Rhizobium. As a consequence, these plants are able to grow in poor and disturbed soils and are important elements in plant community worldwide. The basic knowledge of the symbiotic interaction between Frankia and actinorhizal plants is still poorly understood, although it offers striking differences with the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. In the symbiosis between legumes and Rhizobium, flavonoids are key molecules for nodulation. In actinorhizal plants, the involvement of flavonoids in symbiosis is poorly understood, but because of the similarities of the infection process between some actinorhizal plants and legumes, flavonoids were proposed to act as plant signals for the bacteria Frankia. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the involvement of flavonoids during the actinorhizal nodulation process resulting from the interaction between the tropical tree Casuarina glauca and the actinomycete Frankia.Eight C. glauca genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were identified from a unigene database and their expression patterns were monitored by quantitative real-time PCR during the nodulation time course. Our results showed that chalcone isomerase and isoflavone reductase transcripts accumulated preferentially early after inoculation with Frankia, suggesting thus for the first time that isoflavonoids are implicated in actinorhizal nodulation. To go deeper in the understanding of the role of these molecules in actinorhizal symbiosis, we used RNA interference strategy to silence chalcone synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of the flavonoid pathway. Knockdown of chalcone synthase expression led to a strong reduction of specific flavonoids levels and resulted in a severely impaired nodulation. Nodule formation could be rescued by supplementation of plants with naringenin, which is an upstream intermediate in flavonoid biosynthesis. Our results provide, for the first time, direct evidence of a strong implication of flavonoids during actinorhizal nodulation
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Cruz, San Martín José Manuel. "Estudio de la madera de Nothofagus glauca (Phil) Krasser, variabilidad y comparación con maderas fosiles afines." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/152399.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero ForestalEl estudio de la anatomía y variabilidad de la madera, además de ser una mirada a las posibilidades productivas de la especie, es un indicador de adaptaciones ecológicas y una retrospección al pasado, abriéndonos una posibilidad de comprensión de nuestro medio natural aplicable a la conservación de nuestro patrimonio natural y cultural. Bajo este marco, se caracterizó anatómicamente el leño secundario de Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser, (Hualo), determinando su variabilidad en sentido radial y axial. Se trabajó con un árbol de Diámetro a la Altura del Pecho (DAP) de 20 cm y 9 metros de alto proveniente del predio Pastor Justo León perteneciente a la Universidad de Chile, ubicado en las cercanías de Constitución, Chile. Se extrajeron seis rodelas a diferentes alturas, para las cuales, en sentido radial, cada diez años se realizaron cortes histológicos en los tres planos de la madera y maceraciones, para así realizar una descripción completa de la anatomía de la madera considerando la variación del largo de fibras, ancho de poros, largo y ancho de radios en el leño, con el fin de realizar una comparación con descripciones de otros autores tanto para la especie actual como para especies fósiles. Destacan entre los resultados tendencias, con significancia estadística. En sentido longitudinal el largo de fibras disminuye desde la base (1000 μm) hacia el ápice (770 μm). En sentido radial, el diámetro de poros aumenta desde la médula (35 μm) hacia la corteza (50 μm).
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Bartlett, Anna Therese. "Leaf Fiber Strength and Fruit Nutrient Content of Yucca Species Native to the Navajo Nation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7554.
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The strength of leaf fibers and the nutritional value of the edible fruit of several yucca species native to the U.S. southwest were studied to aid in the determination of species best suited for commercial cultivation by the Navajo Nation. The leaves were softened in an autoclave to facilitate the removal of the leaf matrix, conditioned in environmentally controlled chambers, and the fibers were broken using a texture analyzer. The fibers were frozen and cross sectioned and photographed to determine cross sectional area. Official methods were used to determine the nutritional content of the fruit. The mean tensile strength of Y. angustissima, Y. baccata, and Y. glauca was 484 ±79, 710±174, and 388±104 MPa, respectively. Fibers from the leaves of Y. baccata had a significantly higher tensile strength than the leaves of the other two species. Nutritional profiling of the fruit of Y. angustissima and Y. baccata indicated that the fruit of both species are good sources of vitamin C (73-119 mg/100g) and thiamin (0.20 to 0.22 mg/100g). Because of its edible fruit and superior leaf fiber tensile strength, Y. baccata is recommended as the best species for cultivation and commercialization.
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Matos, Joana Patrícia da Silva. "Influência da bioacessibilidade do selénio, mercúrio e metilmercúrio na identificação do benefício/perigo associado ao consumo de Tintureira crua e cozinhada." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8244.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Qualidade e Segurança Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThis study aimed to identify the hazard associated with raw a cooked blue shark consumption given the bioaccessibility of Se, Hg and MeHg, using in vitro digestion method. After culinary treatments was verify an increase of Se, Hg and MeHg content, where in grilled blue shark was the one displaying highest values. The results of the bioaccessibility assessment of Se, Hg and MeHg in raw and cooked blue shark showed that Se bioaccessibility was higher than 83% (grilling treatment), but for Hg and MeHg showed a lower bioaccessibility, namely on grilled blue shark, which was the one displaying lowest values of 52 and 53%, respectively. A hazard assessment of raw and cooked blue shark consumption on the basis of the MeHg content on initial sample and after human digestion simulation was carried out. Considering an adult with 60 kg and infant 20 kg body weight, showed that all samples analysed exceeded the PTWI and TWI ratios established by FAO/WHO and EFSA, respectively. However, all Se-Heath Beneficial Values were negative, thus meaning a high MeHg health risk in the consumption of this species
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Hansen, Christine Ruth. "Genetic variation in early field performance of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) (Voss), in central Alberta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22043.pdf.
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Gray-Mitsumune, Madoka. "Towards genetic modification of the lignin biosynthetic pathway in interior spruce (Picea glauca x engelmanni complex)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61100.pdf.
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Larouche, Rémy. "Extraction, caractérisation et biotransformation de la lignine de Klason extraite de l'épinette blanche Picea glauca (Moench) Voss /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Salmon, Thierry. "Presença da proteína Indoleamina 2, 3-dioxigenase (IDO) na interface materno-fetal de Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-25112015-142332/.
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O tubarão-azul (Prionace glauca) é uma espécie que apresenta desenvolvimento vivíparo placentário em que o saco vitelino se desenvolve ao longo da gestação tornando-se uma placenta que executa função matrotrófica. A Indoleamina 2,3-dioxigenase (IDO) é uma proteína encontrada em mamíferos nos quais participa, além de outras funções, da tolerância materno-fetal, sendo também encontrada em peixes ósseos. Assim, a proposta deste trabalho foi verificar a expressão da IDO na interface materno-fetal de Prionace glauca e descrever sua localização. Para tanto, material placentário/uterino e embriológico de três fases distintas da gestação (pré-placenta, meia gestação e fim da gestação) de fêmeas de P. glauca foram coletados e processados para a imuno-histoquímica. Os resultados mostraram a presença da IDO ao longo do desenvolvimento do saco vitelino/placenta, na ectoderme nas três fases e na endoderme apenas nas duas primeiras fases. No epitélio uterino observou-se a marcação da IDO nas duas últimas fases. Esses tecidos de interface seriam locais de maior contato entre a mãe e o concepto, fato que poderia levar à indução de uma resposta imunológica contra o concepto semi-alogenêico. A soma destes fatores poderia contribuir como um indício de uma possível atuação da IDO como mecanismo da tolerância materno-fetal na interface placentária de Chondrichtyes, como relatado em mamíferos eutériosThe blue shark (Prionace glauca) is a viviparous placentary species in which the yolk sac develops along pregnancy turning into a placenta with a matrotrofic role. The indoleamine 2 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a protein usually described in mammals, which, among other functions, participates on the maternal-fetal tolerance process. Although it has also been reported in bony fish, no information is available regarding its function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of IDO in blue shark maternal-fetal interface and describe its distribution. Thus, placental / uterine and embryonic materials from three different stages (pre-placenta, middle and late gestation) of pregnant P. glauca females were processed for immunohistochemistry. The results showed IDO labelling during the yolk sac / placenta development in ectoderm along the three development phases and at endoderm only at phases I and II. In uterine epithelium, IDO was observed in the last two phases. These interface tissues are major contact areas between the mother ant the conceptus, that would induce an immunological response against the semialogeneic conceptus.The sum of these factors may contribute as an indication to the possible IDO role as a mechanism of maternal-fetal tolerance in Chondrichtyes placentary interface, as described in eutherian mammals
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Girgis, Mina. "Caractérisation de souches de Frankia de casuarinacées : appllication à l'amélioration de la fixation d'azote chez Casuarina glauca." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10138.
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Nous avons tente de comparer le pouvoir discriminant de plusieurs groupes de criteres en utilisant des souches de frankia isolees de nodules de casuarina recoltees en egypte et des souches de collection. Les criteres compares ont ete les suivants: spectre d'hote, caracteristiques morphologiques, fixation de n2 in vitro; croissance dans differents milieux; composition en acides gras; hybridation de l'arnr; profils esterasiques et aminopeptisiques et sensibilite aux antibiotiques. Trois criteres avaient un pouvoir discriminant indiscutable: les criteres acides gras, profils electrophoretiques des esterases et sensibilite aux antibiotiques. Quant au critere hybridation de l'arnr, il nous a donne des resultats decevants probablement parce que nous ne disposions pas de sondes specifiques. Le marquage aux antibiotiques est apparu fiable, les souches marquees conservant leurs proprietes symbiotiques apres reisolement. En utilisant la methode des profils esterasiques et sensibilite a la kanamycine, il a ete possible de montrer que les nodules de casuarina pouvaient renfermer deux souches differentes. La technique de preparation des inoculums polymeriques a ete amelioree en incluant les cellules de frankia dans un melange d'alginate et de kaolin et en favorisant la sporulation de frankia avant son inclusion. L'adjonction d'un pseudomonas a frankia dans l'inoculum a donne des resultats encourageants. La tolerance a nacl a ete tres significativement amelioree par criblage des provenances de casuarina glauca