Journal articles on the topic 'Glass manufacture History'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Glass manufacture History.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Glass manufacture History.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Dungworth, David, Tom Cromwell, Denis Ashurst, Chris Cumberpatch, David Higgins, and Hugh Willmott. "Glass and pottery manufacture at Silkstone, Yorkshire." Post-Medieval Archaeology 40, no. 1 (April 2006): 160–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174581306x143089.
Full text
2
KONDO, Kei. "Technology of Glass Manufacture : The History of This One Hundred Years." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 100, no. 939 (1997): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.100.939_202.
Full text
3
Hadley, D. "Selling Whitefriars Stained Glass: James Hogan in the United States 1926–1940." Glass Technology: European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A 61, no. 6 (December 12, 2020): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.13036/17533546.61.6.hadley.
Full textAbstract:
A brief history of stained glass manufacture by James Powell & Sons introduces an account of the firm's success in selling windows in the USA in the interwar years, as recorded in the diaries of James Hogan, their chief designer.
4
Savvova, Oksana, Oleksii Fesenko, Hennadii Voronov, and Emin Salekh Ohly Bairamov. "MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS-CERAMIC DENTAL PROSTHESES." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology, no. 2(6) (December 23, 2021): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.02.11.
Full textAbstract:
The relevance of the problem of improving the quality of life and protecting human health in the context of the successful development of the modern society was presented. A literary review of well-known modern technologies for the design and manufacture of dental prostheses was carried out, as well as the leading domestic and foreign companies that were engaged in this were given. The history of the development of materials for obtaining clinical restorations (crowns, inlays, onlays, etc.) was considered and the main directions of the development of innovative ceramic materials for dental prosthetics were outlined. Based on the analysis of the properties of various types of materials for dental prosthetics, the prospects of using glass-ceramic materials in the development of dental prostheses have been substantiated. The chemical compositions of lithium silicate glasses for the synthesis of the glass matrix have been developed and the technological parameters for the production of glass-ceramic dental prostheses have been selected (Тgl. melting = 1350–1400 °С, Тheat treatment = 600–650 °С). Preliminary heat treatment before the formation of products ensures the formation of the required number of the nucleus of crystalline phase and the prerequisites for creating a volume crystallized structure under conditions of short-term heat treatment. The glass-ceramic prosthesis with a formed interpenetrating sitallized structure was obtained by the method of hot pressing with a short exposure (18-20 min). It was found that the obtained glass-ceramic material containing lithium disilicate as a crystalline phase in an amount of 40-60 vol. %, had high values of bending strength (σ = 400 MPa) and fracture toughness. The indicated mechanical properties of the developed materials, along with the approximate values of their modulus of elasticity to natural teeth, will significantly extend the service life of products under conditions of significant alternating loads that arise during the chewing cycle. A comparative assessment of the competitiveness of the developed dental prostheses based on lithium disilicate with world analogues was carried out, in particular the products of Ivoclar Vivadent and Vita Zahnfabrik, in terms of the main operational parameters. The positive effect of the introduction of domestic developed glass-ceramic dental prostheses to reduce import dependence has been determined.
5
Wasmuth, Verena. "Das verstaatlichte Glasgewerbe der Tschechoslowakei: Systemdefizite als Chancengeber für Qualitätssicherung und Innovationsfähigkeit." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 58, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 439–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2017-0016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Following the political and territorial events of 1918, 1945, and 1989, the Czechoslovak glass industry was facing similar adversities in the search for new markets. The cooperation between industry, trade, and professional designers proved a successful way out of the crisis. A closer look at the players involved in the economic transformation reveals that the diversified promotion of design ensured the long-term survival of the manufacture and finishing of glass in the Czech Republic, and thus the traditional reputation of the industry as a whole.
6
Brenna, Brita. "Nature and texts in glass cases: The vitrine as a tool for textualizing nature." Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/njsts.v2i1.2136.
Full textAbstract:
<div>What can glass cases teach us about how nature is written or read? This article seeks to understand the work done by glass cases in Bergen Museum in Norway around 1900 specifically, and more generally how glass cases was an important tool for making natural history museums into textual media. In this article it is claimed that when we focus on how natural history museums manufacture culturally specific museum nature, it is a legacy of a reform movement that set out to “discipline” museum nature around 1900 in order to make nature legible for “everyman”. An important museum movement by the end of the nineteenth century worked to make natural museums into places were one could learn by reading, not by touching or engaging with the natural objects, qua objects. This insistence on making nature readable, it is claimed, should make us cautious about analysing natural history museums as texts.</div><div> </div>
7
Wei, Huidong, Shiyong Yan, and Gary Menary. "Modelling Stretch Blow Moulding of Poly (l-lactic acid) for the Manufacture of Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold." Polymers 13, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060967.
Full textAbstract:
Stretch blow moulding (SBM) has been employed to manufacture bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) from poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA), whilst an experience-based method is used to develop the suitable processing conditions by trial-and-error. FEA modelling can be used to predict the forming process by the scientific understanding on the mechanical behaviour of PLLA materials above the glass transition temperature (Tg). The applicability of a constitutive model, the ‘glass-rubber’ (GR) model with material parameters from biaxial stretch was examined on PLLA sheets replicating the biaxial strain history of PLLA tubes during stretch blow moulding. The different stress–strain relationship of tubes and sheets under equivalent deformation suggested the need of re-calibration of the GR model for tubes. A FEA model was developed for PLLA tubes under different operation conditions, incorporating a virtual cap and rod to capture the suppression of axial stretch. The reliability of the FEA modelling on tube blowing was validated by comparing the shape evolution, strain history and stress–strain relationship from modelling to the results from the free stretch blow test.
8
WOLF, S., C. M. KESSLER, W. B. STERN, and Y. GERBER. "THE COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURE OF EARLY MEDIEVAL COLOURED WINDOW GLASS FROM SION (VALAIS, SWITZERLAND)-A ROMAN GLASS-MAKING TRADITION OR INNOVATIVE CRAFTSMANSHIP?*." Archaeometry 47, no. 2 (May 2005): 361–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2005.00207.x.
Full text
9
Henderson, Julian. "The Iron Age of ‘Loughey’ and Meare: Some Inferences from Glass Analysis." Antiquaries Journal 67, no. 1 (March 1987): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500026263.
Full textAbstract:
The archaeology of two Iron Age sites, ‘Loughey’ in County Down, Northern Ireland, and Meare Lake Village, Somerset, is discussed. Changes in the archaeological interpretation of the sites are considered in the light of recent research into Iron Age sites in Britain and Ireland. Consideration of the chemical composition of the glass from ‘Loughey’ and Meare helps to add weight to the existence of suspected links between Ireland and the Continent in the first century B.C., and not, as has regularly been assumed, specific links with south England. The compositional characteristics of the glass from Meare are found to be totally different from those of the ‘Loughey’ glass and it is suggested that glass raw materials were imported to Ireland for the manufacture of Iron Age glass beads there. We can not now be as confident that the person buried at ‘Loughey’ was of ‘foreign’ origin.
10
Ngan-Tillard, D. J. M., D. J. Huisman, F. Corbella, and A. Van Nass. "Over the rainbow? Micro-CT scanning to non-destructively study Roman and early medieval glass bead manufacture." Journal of Archaeological Science 98 (October 2018): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2018.07.007.
Full text
11
Wilson, Andrew. "Commerce and Industry in Roman Sabratha." Libyan Studies 30 (1999): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900002776.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article presents evidence for the exploitation of marine resources at Sabratha, including the salting of fish and production of garum, as well as purple dyeing from theMurexshellfish. These activities may in certain periods of the city's history have been of some importance to Sabratha's economic life, alongside the export of olive oil from the city's hinterland. There is evidence also of various minor crafts and service activities of the sort perhaps to be expected in many Roman towns — bakeries, ceramic manufacture, and glass production.
12
Chinni, Tania, Alberta Silvestri, Sara Fiorentino, and Mariangela Vandini. "Once upon a Glass—Cycles, Recycles and Reuses of a Never-Ending Material." Heritage 6, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 662–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6010035.
Full textAbstract:
Glass can be considered a locus of meaning, a material which has been the repository of traditional knowledge and technological expertise for at least three millennia. The history of glass speaks of know-how, technological transitions, and contaminations of recipes for its manufacture, which have changed across the world over the centuries. As the amount of recovered glass from archaeological contexts is much lower compared to ceramic and metal finds, research has often considered glass as a rare material. Furthermore, glass production, in ancient times as in the present day, requires the use of selected raw materials and noticeable amounts of fuel, making reuse and recycling practices necessary to foster sustainability, from both an economical and an environmental perspective. Latin authors, such as Juvenal and Martial, reported buyers of broken glass in Imperial Rome, presumably destined for recycling. Archaeometry has also provided data that allow, today, to clarify different aspects related to production cycles, uses and reuses of a material that, starting from the Roman age, became as common as modern plastics. From beakers and goblets reused with different purposes to mosaic tesserae detached for making new mosaics or to be refused and employed as “pigments” for colouring glass, this paper aims to provide an overview of reuse and recycling practices of ancient glass through a discussion of selected case studies from Roman to Middle Ages, showing how the cycle of this material can be framed as an actual example of sustainable circular economy in the past.
13
Berezovsky, A. V. "INFUSION THERAPY: HISTORY, MODERNITY, PROSPECTS." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 22, no. 2 (October 7, 2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2021-22-2.05.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes the historical aspects of the formation and development of infusion therapy since the. V century BC to the present day. After William Harvey created the theory of the circulatory system, attempts were made to inject various substances intravenously.
Interesting data on the evolution of the syringe as a device for the introduction of various substances, from primitive, simple - to reusable and disposable. The history of the latter began in 1949, when the American Arthur Smith received the first US patent for a disposable glass syringe. Seven years later, in 1956, New Zealand veterinarian and pharmacist Colin Murdoch invented and patented a plastic disposable syringe.
However, these developments are not very suitable for intravenous injections into productive animals, especially in livestock facilities. Some exceptions were only modifications of the syringe Jeanne. It was developed by the French physician Pierre-Marie Felix Jeanne in 1934 for a variety of medical procedures. Its initial volume was 150 ml. Over time, for veterinary purposes, this model began to be produced in volumes of 250 and 500 ml.
Describes our own new experience in installing a technological line for the manufacture of solutions for veterinary medicine with their packaging in PVC bags in volumes of different formats (200, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ml). It is possible to make solutions in packages of smaller (50, 100 ml) or larger volume (2 and 5 liters). Industrial production of 11 types of solutions is registered and mastered at the enterprise.
Adhering to modern requirements for the quality of drugs, the material for the packages we have chosen a multilayer film based on polypropylene called SIFLEX PACK® Italian production. Tactical to the infusion procedure for animals, SIFLEX PACK® film packs are easy to use. They are an ideal alternative to glass or plastic containers and significantly reduce the cost of production of solutions and prevent contamination of medicinal solutions with indoor air microflora.
14
Loup, Maria Schultz, Salvador Villagrasa, and Celso Figueiredo Gomes. "The manufacture of glass pot furnaces in Marinha Grande (Portugal) during the last decades of the 19th century." Journal of Cultural Heritage 9 (December 2008): e89-e92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2008.07.001.
Full text
15
White, Ross H. M., and Chris O'Connell. "Excavations on the site of Balmerino House, Constitution Street, Leith." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports, no. 41 (2010): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2010.41.1-34.
Full textAbstract:
The remains of the front of Balmerino House (NGR: NT 2711 7616), built in 1631, were uncovered during an archaeological excavation at St Mary's Star of the Sea Roman Catholic Church, Constitution Street, Leith. The work also revealed several phases of medieval to post-medieval activity, and a small burial ground which predated the house. The earliest feature uncovered by the excavation was a well containing 13th- to 14th-century pottery. Large quantities of late to post-medieval pottery were recovered, as well as iron objects, glass and bone. The human remains comprised six adult males, although some were incomplete due to later disturbance. Of importance to the history of clay tobacco pipe manufacture in Scotland is a small assemblage of clay-pipe wasters and kiln waste dated c 1630–40.
16
Lebang, Annamaintin Kobong, A. Arifin, and Bualkar Abdullah. "DETECTION OF DISPLACEMENT USING GLASS OPTICAL FIBER SENSOR WITH VARIOUS CONFIGURATION." Indonesian Physical Review 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/ipr.v4i3.124.
Full textAbstract:
The research has measured the landslide using a displacement sensor based on Glass Optical Fiber (GOF) and Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR). The sensor manufacture process consists of various materials, structures, configurations, diameters, and directions. The sensor is made using GOF with a single-mode structure and single mode-multimode-Singlemode (SMS) structure. Each system is given a variety of configurations, namely gamma, bowknot, and three loops configuration. Each arrangement is provided a variation of the indentation diameter in three displacement directions. The test results will be read as the power loss on the OTDR in dB units. The results obtained were then compared between two materials, two structures, and directions. Displacement resulting landslides and changes to the sensor, causing power losses, and affecting the characteristics of each sensor. We found the best measurement results with the sensitivity value of 0.241 dB/mm and the resolution value of 0.004 mm. The displacement sensor has been made for measuring landslide in the laboratory-scale simulation based on GOF and OTDR with easier fabrication, easy operation, high sensitivity, better resolution and can be connected to a computer
17
Hodgkinson, Anna. "Preliminary Report on the Work Undertaken in the Main City South at Tell el-Amarna: 7 October – 2 November 2017." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 105, no. 1 (June 2019): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307513319874013.
Full textAbstract:
An area of 306 sq m was excavated in the Main City South at Tell el-Amarna between 7 October and 2 November 2017. The work focused on the area of a building complex denominated M50.14, M50.15 and M50.16 by C. L. Woolley, who initially excavated these buildings in 1922 on behalf of the Egypt Exploration Society. After an initial season of re-excavation in 2014, the 2017 work encompassed the northern sections of house M50.16, the whole of house M50.15, as well as the eastern, south-eastern and south-western parts of courtyard M50.14. Several domestic and pyrotechnical features have been excavated and recorded, together with a large amount of material related to the processing and manufacture of glass, faience, stone (agate) and metal objects. The results of the excavation reflect the industrial character of several houses in Amarna’s Main City and provide a great insight into the layout and purpose of a domestic building in this settlement.
18
Natrayan, L., T. Sathish, S. Baskara Sethupathy, S. Sekar, Pravin P. Patil, G. Velmurugan, and Hunde Hailu. "Interlaminar Shear, Bending, and Water Retention Behavior of Nano-SiO2 Filler-Incorporated Dharbai/Glass Fiber-Based Hybrid Composites under Cryogenic Environment." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (July 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3810884.
Full textAbstract:
In current history, adding nanoscale and micron-sized filler materials to composite materials for fabrication has been a popular approach for improving the composite’s mechanical characteristics. Due to their lower friction coefficient, excellent mechanical strength modulus, and low moisture uptake, filler-based hybrid composite materials are replacing metallic materials. Glass/Dharbai hybrid composites with nano-SiO2 fillers have been created in this study. After manufacture, the composite materials were treated with liquid nitrogen at 177 K for various durations. Every sample material was cut according to ASTM standards to investigate mechanical features such as ILSS, impact test, and flexural strength. The broken composite specimen was studied using a scanning electron microscope. Water retention studies have been conducted under two distinct liquid solutions: tab or regular water and seawater. ILSS, flexural strength, and water retention were all greater in 4 wt.% of nanofiller-rich composites than in ordinary composites. Compared to 30 minutes, the 15-minute cryo-treated specimens provide the highest mechanical strength. On the other hand, the automobile, aviation, and shipbuilding sectors would benefit from a nanofiller-based composite.
19
Hüls, C. Matthias, Ingo Petri, and Helmut Föll. "Absolute Dating of Early Iron Objects from the Ancient Orient: Radiocarbon Dating of Luristan Iron Mask Swords." Radiocarbon 61, no. 5 (April 17, 2019): 1229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.13.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTLuristan Iron Mask Swords have been recovered mostly from illegal diggings in the 1920s. The about 90 known objects are characterized by a disk-shaped pommel on the top of the handle with two mounted bearded heads on two sides. According to the similarity in form and radiocarbon (14C) measurements on two swords from museum collections, an overall short production period was assumed around 1000 BC (Moorey 1991; Rehder 1991). Here we present the results of metallurgical analysis and 14C measurements for three newly acquired Luristan swords, which were donated to the Royal Museums of Art & History, Brussels. Metallurgical analysis indicates an iron production via the bloomary furnace technique. Analyzed samples show large slag inclusions (Fayalite, Wüstite, glass) within a mostly ferritic and pearlitic iron. The carbon contents varied between 0.2 wt% to around 0.8 wt%). 14C measurements on thermally extracted carbon give 14C ages between 2800 BP–3360 BP (calibrated ∼1745 BC–900 BC). The reliability of the 14C measurements are discussed with respect to external (contamination during handling) and intrinsic contamination (e.g. fossil carbon sources during manufacture).
20
Thomas, Robert, Ronald J. Rapp, Marsha A. Spalding, Robert K. Stix, Maurice E. Kordahi, and Neal S. Bergano. "Technology in Undersea Cable Systems: 50 Years of Progress." Marine Technology Society Journal 49, no. 6 (November 1, 2015): 88–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.49.6.4.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractUndersea cable systems provide a comprehensive example of how technology has changed during the 50-year publication history of the MTS Journal. From the 125-μm‐diameter glass optical fiber to the 12,000-ton cable ships, the design, manufacture, and installation of undersea communication systems rely on a remarkable intersection of technologies. The technologies supporting this industry have progressed significantly in many aspects. In 1965, coaxial analog systems were transmitting 128 three-kilohertz channels that were amplified by vacuum-tube-based amplifiers for consortiums of national telephone companies over simple point-to-point links. Today, a fiber-optic cable transmits 10 million times as much traffic, that is, tens of terabits of information per second, amplified by reliable erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, as part of mesh networks serving datacom, offshore oil and gas facilities, and scientific applications, each under a variety of ownership and operational models. Installation technology has changed along with the transmission technology, with advances in cable route surveys, ship positioning, cable burial, and use of remotely operated vehicles. System maintenance has become a much more practical endeavor since the advent of universal joint technologies and methodologies. Wet-mateable fiber-optic connectors enable remote, modular, subsea connection scenarios that serve a variety of applications. This paper reviews some of the history and evolution of the technology used in undersea cable systems and addresses future industry trends.
21
Gonabadi, Hassan, Adrian Oila, Arti Yadav, and Steve Bull. "Fatigue damage analysis of GFRP composites using digital image correlation." Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy 7, no. 1 (February 2021): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40722-020-00184-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGlass fibre reinforced polymer composites are frequently used in marine applications where the combined effects of cyclic loads and the seawater environment limit their fatigue life. This paper aims to demonstrate the degradation that seawater causes to the stiffness of the composites. Three-point bending fatigue properties of cross-ply woven glass fibre composites commonly used to manufacture tidal turbine blades are reported for both wet and dry conditions. Failure analysis based on the Digital Image Correlation method was performed to identify damaged zones on the test coupon surface and to follow failure progression during the fatigue tests. To characterize the damage in the composite, stiffness degradation has been monitored during the entire fatigue history. Scanning electron microscopy was used to identify multiple failure mechanisms on the specimen fracture surface. In addition, for further verification of microscopy results, X-Ray Micro-computed tomography, was used to characterize the internal damage such as delamination. From the full-field strain measurement technique and microscopic examination of failed samples, it was found that distributed localized strains are evidence of the number of resin cracks and de-bonded areas. SEM examination shows a degraded fibre/matrix interface region due to the action of seawater.
22
Espinosa Pesqueira, Manuel E., and Elsa Arroyo Lemus. "The Use of Smalt in Simon Pereyns Panel Paintings: Intentional Use and Color Changes." MRS Proceedings 1618 (2014): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.462.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe Flemish painter Simón Pereyns travelled to New Spain in 1566 as a member of the viceroyal court. In two important paintings La Virgen del Perdón (1568) and San Cristóbal (1588) we identified wide use of blue smalt pigment, a potassium glass with cobalt oxide. The color of this material depends on its manufacture process, from pale greyish blue to violet or dark blue. The more blue color the more expensive the pigment. On the 16th century market the commerce of smalt was divided into many categories based on the material quality. Historical archive documents testify smalt imports from Seville to New Spain in two different qualities: fine and smalt woody ashes. In Pereyns` paintings the smalt was used in specific parts of the composition as the dark sky in landscapes, shadows of draperies and under layers in order to create a color background for the figures. Nowadays, in these areas, the alteration of the paint layer is evident. The blue has been changed into brown color. Optical microscopy (MO), scanning and transmission electron microscopies were performed in order to characterize the particles of smalt. The degradation of potassium glass was verified, as a consequence of aging and degradation process due to environmental conditions. These phenomena are well known and study on European paintings. In this research our aim is to explore the intentional use of smalt on Pereyns’ compositions and how color change as a consequence of microscopic materials instability can influence the contemporary reception of the paintings. Many paintings from New Spain have a dull, dark and limited palette but the original was very different. The remarks about the color of New Spain's paintings should considered the normal aging of the paint components, studied by materials science and art history.
23
Mochalov, I., and O. Golinka. "Adhesive photocomposite prosthese – option of restoration of dental row defect in the frontal area (clinical case report)." SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA 106, no. 2 (2021): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33295/1992-576x-2021-2-20.
Full textAbstract:
Summary. Having and maintaining a smile aesthetic is an essential component of modern popular culture. Adhesive bridges («Maryland bridge») have been developed to eliminate single included defects in the dentition in the frontal areas, without preparing the supporting teeth. In modern conditions this technology is the method of choice since single defects in the anterior part of the dentition can also be eliminated through orthodontic treatment, manufacturing of a partially removable plate prosthesis, a traditional dental bridges, the manufacturing of cantilever orthopedic structures and prosthetics based on a dental implant. Adhesive dentures are a relatively new dental technology (which is on the border of orthopedic and therapeutic dentistry) the first work in this direction was carried out in the early 80s of the twentieth century. Modern adhesive bridges are divided into two large groups – solid metal and photopolymer (composite) which prevail in practice. The optimal form of the release of the reinforcing element which combines a slight preparation of abutment teeth to a safe depth, high physical and mechanical properties, simple achievement of the anatomical shape of the teeth in the bridge structures of the anterior and posterior teeth is fiberglass in the form of ribbons 2 mm wide, up to 0.5 mm (this is the most effective width and thickness for clinical practice) and braided type. Using adhesive bridges, it is possible to optimally restore the aesthetics of the anterior part of the dentition in one visit without preliminary preparation of adjacent teeth. An example of the manufacture of a photocomposite adhesive prosthesis reinforced with glass fiber for the restoration of a single included defect in the dentition in the frontal area using domestically produced materials is given. Key words: teeth, defect, composite, adhesion, fiberglass.
24
Sharma, Swati. "Glassy Carbon: A Promising Material for Micro- and Nanomanufacturing." Materials 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101857.
Full textAbstract:
When certain polymers are heat-treated beyond their degradation temperature in the absence of oxygen, they pass through a semi-solid phase, followed by the loss of heteroatoms and the formation of a solid carbon material composed of a three-dimensional graphenic network, known as glassy (or glass-like) carbon. The thermochemical decomposition of polymers, or generally of any organic material, is defined as pyrolysis. Glassy carbon is used in various large-scale industrial applications and has proven its versatility in miniaturized devices. In this article, micro and nano-scale glassy carbon devices manufactured by (i) pyrolysis of specialized pre-patterned polymers and (ii) direct machining or etching of glassy carbon, with their respective applications, are reviewed. The prospects of the use of glassy carbon in the next-generation devices based on the material’s history and development, distinct features compared to other elemental carbon forms, and some large-scale processes that paved the way to the state-of-the-art, are evaluated. Selected support techniques such as the methods used for surface modification, and major characterization tools are briefly discussed. Barring historical aspects, this review mainly covers the advances in glassy carbon device research from the last five years (2013–2018). The goal is to provide a common platform to carbon material scientists, micro/nanomanufacturing experts, and microsystem engineers to stimulate glassy carbon device research.
25
Blair, Elliot H. "Reconsidering the Precolumbian Presence of Venetian Glass Beads in Alaska." American Antiquity 86, no. 3 (July 2021): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2021.38.
Full textAbstract:
In a recent article, Kunz and Mills (2021) report 10 drawn, a speo finished, turquoise blue, IIa40 beads manufactured in Venice and recovered from three late precontact sites in the Alaskan Arctic. They argue that these beads date to the fifteenth century, predating Columbus's arrival in the Americas. This conclusion is certainly in error because beads of this type were not manufactured prior to approximately AD 1560. The historical and archaeological evidence for this dating is substantial. Additionally, the elemental and radiocarbon evidence presented by Kunz and Mills (2021) supports a late sixteenth- to early seventeenth-century date for these beads.
26
Eperjessy, Ernő. "Újabb adatok a németlukafai üveghuta és keménycserépgyár történetéhez." Kaposvári Rippl-Rónai Múzeum Közleményei, no. 3 (2014): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26080/krrmkozl.2014.3.221.
Full textAbstract:
This paper complements the essay written by Eperjessy & Ho r v a tH (2013) on the history of the Németlukafa glasshouse. Besides two commemorative glass, a faience tobacco holder, two garden vases (kratér) made by Ignác Zsolnay in the Németlukafa glasshouse are described and a distribution map of the glasshouses in Zselic hills is pub-lished. The study insists on the importance of the high quality products and the role of the small manufactures.
27
Ivanyshyn, Ostap. "Experiment in the art of Klaus Moje." Bulletin of Lviv National Academy of Arts, no. 39 (2019): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37131/2524-0943-2019-39-18.
Full textAbstract:
The paper overviews a lifetime achievement of german native australian artist Klaus Moje in the field of decorative glass art. An article traces the development of his artwork in the late 1900th - early 2000th. Much attention is given to Moje`s innovative approach of traditional technique. It is made an attempt to evaluate the implementation of new methods and technics to the educational process. It is analysed a contribution of an artist in the context of the studio glass movement. The paper describes most creative periods and examines appropriate artworks. The results of collaboration between an artist and a manufacturer of coloured glass are revealed. Main articles to the theme is observed. The determination of kilnforming, as an independent medium technique is considered. The results obtained confirm the significant contribution of an outstanding artist, which allows to determine his prominent place in thу world history of art
28
Ross, Carl T. E., Hywel V. Roberts, and Richard Tighe. "Tests on Conventional and Novel Model Ro-Ro Ferries." Marine Technology and SNAME News 34, no. 04 (October 1, 1997): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1997.34.4.233.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents a brief history of roll-on/roll-off ferries'and their problems, together with a novel design based on a perforated vehicle deck. Two I/woth scale models of the Herald of Free Enterprise were manufactured in glass reinforced plastic. These two models were tested dynamically in a tank, and the results showed that the modified novel design was considerably superior to the conventional design. The novel design does not affect the roll on/roll off concept of the ro-ro ferry. Additionally, it should be possible to retrofit it into existing vessels and thus meet SOLAS requirements.
29
Guo, Hong Yun, Kai Fang Xie, and Hua Wu Liu. "The Application of Enamel Material in the Jewelry Industry." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 2031–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.2031.
Full textAbstract:
Enamel jewelry is carefully manufactured using glaze and gold, silver, copper and other precious metals. The processing technologies refer to multidisciplinary knowledge, such as painting, engraving, padding, inlaying, metallurgy and glass melting. The history of enamel was reviewed and the current challenges of enamel jewelry industry were investigated. The key challenges of the enamel jewelry industry are listed as follows: the counterfeit products dominate the enamel market, high performance enamel glaze is currently unviable, the industry standards have not been proposed, and the manufacturing technique is too complicated to be implemented by machine at this stage.
30
Hofmann, Douglas C., Scott N. Roberts, and Henry Kozachkov. "Infrared thermal processing history of a Ti-based bulk metallic glass matrix composite manufactured via semi-solid forging." Acta Materialia 95 (August 2015): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.05.029.
Full text
31
Goulas, Athanasios, Jon GP Binner, Daniel S. Engstrøm, Russell A. Harris, and Ross J. Friel. "Mechanical behaviour of additively manufactured lunar regolith simulant components." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 8 (May 28, 2018): 1629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420718777932.
Full textAbstract:
Additive manufacturing and its related techniques have frequently been put forward as a promising candidate for planetary in-situ manufacturing, from building life-sustaining habitats on the Moon to fabricating various replacements parts, aiming to support future extra-terrestrial human activity. This paper investigates the mechanical behaviour of lunar regolith simulant material components, which is a potential future space engineering material, manufactured by a laser-based powder bed fusion additive manufacturing system. The influence of laser energy input during processing was associated with the evolution of component porosity, measured via optical and scanning electron microscopy in combination with gas expansion pycnometry. The compressive strength performance and Vickers micro-hardness of the components were analysed and related back to the processing history and resultant microstructure of the lunar regolith simulant build material. Fabricated structures exhibited a relative porosity of 44–49% and densities ranging from 1.76 to 2.3 g cm−3, with a maximum compressive strength of 4.2 ± 0.1 MPa and elastic modulus of 287.3 ± 6.6 MPa, the former is comparable to a typical masonry clay brick (3.5 MPa). The additive manufacturing parts also had an average hardness value of 657 ± 14 HV0.05/15, better than borosilicate glass (580 HV). This study has shed significant insight into realising the potential of a laser-based powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process to deliver functional engineering assets via in-situ and abundant material sources that can be potentially used for future engineering applications in aerospace and astronautics.
32
Chistyakova, Olga. "Artistic and Stylistic Features of Yusupov Glassworks in Arkhangelskoye." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 15, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2019-15-3-125-138.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the main periods, the history of the emergence of Yusupov glassworks in the Arkhangelskoye estate and its importance in the development of Russian glass art. Yusupov glass-making in Arkhangelskoye was developing under the influence of European trends in shaping and decoration in synthesis with the Russian tradition and the specifics of Russian materials, raw material bases and national perspective on the wide range of techniques and technologies. The author pays special attention to the artistic, stylistic and technological features of the manufactured products, as well as to the decor specifics of cut glass technique. Author divided the history of the Yusupov factory into two main stages. The first one lasted from 1811 to 1820. During this time the enterprise was operating as a full-scale production and the process of manufacturing crystalware or glassware was going through all stages: from the preparation of the mixture and the cooking of “crystal material” to the decorative processing of finished objects. Although in fact such a cycle was fully followed only three times in the period of 1814-1816. However, the institution was regarded as a factory from 1811 until 1820, and only after the fire, the idea of reviving the production was finally rejected. During the second stage, from 1820 to early 1827, the factory was turned into a lapidary workshop, where the craftsmen were engaged in decorative processing of the purchased unfinished glassware. The identification of stylistic features and characteristic techniques of processing the products made in the estate factory and their evolution at different periods of the production history makes it possible to attribute the tableware of N. Yusupov’s enterprise in the collections of other museums. Moreover, the results could provide the basis for the re-emergence of the lapidary workshop in the modern Arkhangelskoye Estate Museum where craftsmen could reproduce the decorative techniques typical of the Yusupov factory based on the finished unprocessed glassware.
33
Kooiman, Susan M., and Heather Walder. "Reconsidering the Chronology: Carbonized Food Residue, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Dates, and Compositional Analysis of a Curated Collection from the Upper Great Lakes." American Antiquity 84, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 495–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2019.33.
Full textAbstract:
Recent reexamination of pottery, copper objects, and glass trade beads using modern analytic methods has amended the occupational history of the Cloudman site (20CH6), once interpreted as an early “Contact” period site in Michigan. The original chronology of the site, located on northern Michigan's Drummond Island in Lake Huron, was based on an apparent association of Iroquoian pottery with European-made trade goods relatively dated to circa AD 1630. Current advances in archaeological dating methods have revealed new insights into the poorly understood settlement patterns and social interactions of various Upper Great Lakes groups between AD 1300 and 1700. Accelerator mass spectrometry dating of carbonized food residue collected from late Late Woodland and Ontario Iroquoian pottery vessels suggests some contemporaneous use of both styles and the culmination of occupation by pottery-making groups by AD 1500. Elemental analysis of glass beads indicates that the recovered trade items were likely manufactured post–AD 1650. Likewise, compositional analysis of copper-base metal artifacts clarifies how such objects were made and used over time at the site. The results demonstrate how the application of modern analytic methods to curated collections can lead to significant reinterpretation, ultimately enhancing understandings of regional chronologies, social relationships, and population movements.
34
Tanner, Cameron W., and Josiah Lorenzo. "Microstructure and Electrochemical Performance of Rapidly Sintered LiCoO2 Cathodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 7 (October 9, 2022): 2482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0272482mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
Lithium ion battery technology based upon liquid carbonate electrolytes and intercalation electrodes has achieved widespread commercial success. The batteries power mobile devices like cell phones, laptop computers and cordless power tools. They are used in hybrid and all electric vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependency on limited petrochemical resources. They have been demonstrated to stabilize electric grids at local and national levels under periods of high demand. Even with these remarkable achievements, improvements in energy density are sought in batteries for most applications. Lithium metal batteries are being pursued around the world to meet this need. Rapid, continuous, roll-to-roll sintering of alumina ceramic tapes was recently demonstrated at Corning Incorporated [1]. The process is based on the pioneering work of Ketcham et al [2]. The ceramic tape, because it is thin, is flexible and may be heated, sintered, and cooled back to room temperature in less than one hour without cracking. One application of this technology is for manufacture of thin, <30 µm, solid electrolyte separators. Another is to enable novel, cathode-supported battery architectures. To that end, rapid sintering has been extended to lithium cobaltite (LCO). Continuous sintering and winding of LCO is shown in Fig. 1. The LCO cathode because it is sintered and self-supporting may be used to reduce the proportions of inactive components to dramatically increase energy density. Both composite and dense cathodes can be envisioned. One possible way of creating a solid-state battery with LCO ribbon is to capitalize on the LiPON solid electrolyte originally developed at ORNL for thin-film micro-batteries (TFMB’s) [3, 4]. The materials in TFMB’s have proven track records and attractive performance attributes. The LiPON solid electrolyte in contact with a lithium metal anode is resistant to dendrite formation even at current densities >5 mA/cm²; a claim that cannot be made for lithium garnet and lithium phosphosulfide glass [5, 6].TFMB’s also have tremendous cycling longevity and retain more than 90% of capacity after over 104 charge-discharge cycles [7]. The challenge with the technology is the high cost associated with growth of the cathode by sputtering processes; thicknesses are limited to ~2-3 µm. As a consequence, TFMB’s are a good fit for applications where small size power sources are needed like smart cards, medical implants, RFID tags, and wireless sensing. A thicker, rapidly sintered cathode could address the cost-capacity limitation. The cathode for this architecture could be made in a dense, closed pore form or with 15-25% porosity to host and electrolyte. The later would be expected to offer greater rate performance due to shorter diffusion distances and greater surface area for charge transfer. Energy density of more than 1,500 Wh/L is theoretically achievable. The performance of cathode materials like LCO depends upon synthesis conditions, process history, design and microstructure. We explore the electrochemical attributes of free standing LCO cathodes with thickness of 15 to 80 µm and porosity ranging from closed (dense) to ~25%. Cathodes were tested in 2032 coin cells using Whatman glass fiber as the separator and 1 M LiPF6 in 1:1 EC:DMC. Capacity of the cathodes regardless of microstructure is near the theoretical value. Lithium diffusivity of dense polycrystalline cathodes was characterized by galvanostatic intermittent titration and averages 1.13×10-9 cm²/s over the potential window of 3.0 to 4.3 V. Surface XRD shows the grain texture to be nominally random. Approximately 50% capacity was available at C/2 at a 23 µm thickness. Resistance of porous cathodes decreased with perimeter-to-surface area, and effective resistances below 10 Ωcm² were observed. Cycling endurance of porous sintered cathodes with 2.4 mAh/cm² capacity was evaluated with lithium titanate working electrodes. More than 90% capacity was retained after 1000 cycles between 3.0 and 4.3 V vs Li at 3C rate. [1] C. Kim, et al, “5G mm Wave Patch Antenna on Multi-layered Alumina Ribbon Ceramic Substrates,” IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting, July 2020, pp. 65-66. [2] T.D. Ketcham, et al., US 5,089,455, Feb 18, 1992. [3] J.B. Bates, et al., Solid State Ionics, 53-56 (1992) 647-654. [4] J.B. Bates, et al., U.S. 5,561,004, Oct 10, 1996. [5] F.D. Han, et al., Nat. Energy, (2019) 1-10. [6] J.C. Li, et al., Adv. Energy. Mater., 5 (2015) 1401408. [7] J. Xie, et al., Solid State Ionics, 178 (2008) 362-370. Figure 1
35
Bez, Alessia, Chiara Bedon, Giampiero Manara, Claudio Amadio, and Guido Lori. "Calibrated Numerical Approach for the Dynamic Analysis of Glass Curtain Walls under Spheroconical Bag Impact." Buildings 11, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11040154.
Full textAbstract:
The structural design of glass curtain walls and facades is a challenging issue, considering that building envelopes can be subjected extreme design loads. Among others, the soft body impact (SBI) test protocol represents a key design step to protect the occupants. While in Europe the standardized protocol based on the pneumatic twin-tire (TT) impactor can be nowadays supported by Finite Element (FE) numerical simulations, cost-time consuming experimental procedures with the spheroconical bag (SB) impactor are still required for facade producers and manufacturers by several technical committees, for the impact assessment of novel systems. At the same time, validated numerical calibrations for SB are still missing in support of designers and manufacturers. In this paper, an enhanced numerical approach is proposed for curtain walls under SB, based on a coupled methodology inclusive of a computationally efficient two Degree of Freedom (2-DOF) and a more geometrically accurate Finite Element (FE) model. As shown, the SB impactor is characterized by stiffness and dissipation properties that hardly match with ideal rigid elastic assumptions, nor with the TT features. Based on a reliable set of experimental investigations and records, the proposed methodology acts on the time history of the imposed load, which is implicitly calibrated to account for the SB impactor features, once the facade features (flexibility and damping parameters) are known. The resulting calibration of the 2-DOF modelling parameters for the derivation of time histories of impact force is achieved with the support of experimental measurements and FE model of the examined facade. The potential and accuracy of the method is emphasized by the collected experimental and numerical comparisons. Successively, the same numerical approach is used to derive a series of iso-damage curves that could support practical design calculations.
36
Fountain, Helen. "Technology Acquisition, Firm Capability and Sustainable Competitive Advantage: A Case Study of Australian Glass Manufacturers Ltd, 1915–39." Business History 42, no. 3 (July 2000): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076790000000268.
Full text
37
Stando, Grzegorz Jan, Paweł Stando, Pavel Chulkin, Mika Sahlman, Mari Lundström, Haitao Liu, and Dawid Janas. "(Digital Presentation) Electrical Properties of Nanocarbon-Polyaniline Nanocomposites." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 9 (July 7, 2022): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-019760mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
Macroscopic objects such as fibers and films formed from a combination of nanocarbon materials and polymers have promising electrical [1], thermal [2], thermoelectric [3], and mechanical [4] properties. In particular, composites of nanocarbon and conductive polymers revealed that they can constitute key parts of batteries [1] and thermoelectric generators [3]. In literature, it is possible to find many synthesis methods of this type of material. One of the most common approaches is electrochemical, wherein monomers are polymerized onto the nanocarbon surface due to its highly conducting nature [5]. Polyaniline (PANI) is the oldest and still one of the most popular conductive polymers used in this area. That is because PANI is relatively simple to manufacture at low cost and effort. Moreover, it has good mechanical strength and tunable electrical conductivity, which depend on the kind of PANI. This polymer has three forms: pernigraniline – fully oxidized (purpure/red), emeraldine – partially oxidized (blue/violet), and leucoemeraldine – fully reduced (black) [6]. Emeraldine achieves the highest conductivity when doped with Brøstead acids such as HCl, H2SO4, HBF4 [7]. The goal of this study was to exploit the phenomenon of the hydrophilic surface of carbon nanostructure caused by thermal annealing, described by us previously [8], to electropolymerize aniline onto free-standing films from nanocarbon. The films were manufactured by the wet method [8] using single-walled nanotubes (SWCNTs) exclusively and SWCNTs/graphene nanoplatelet composite. Electropolymerization was used to synthesize PANI on the surface of these materials. To establish the parameters of synthesis of different forms of PANI, voltage ranges between [(-1.6 V) – (1.6 V)] were investigated. The films were tested as a counter and a working electrode in this process. After the synthesis, the composites were investigated by optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy. Moreover, water contact angles, electrical conductivity values, and Seebeck coefficients were determined. Composites containing all three PANI forms have been synthesized and thoroughly analyzed to elucidate the structure-property relations. Consequently, correlations between the forms of PANI and the characteristics of nanocomposites were established. Depending on the amount and type of PANI on the surface, the character of the nanocarbon films was affected considerably. For example, coating of the material with emeraldine salts enhanced the electrical conductivity of the films by about 60% [9], while simultaneously making the material much stronger. [1] L. Xiao, Y.H. Sehlleier, S. Dobrowolny, F. Mahlendorf, A. Heinzel, C. Schulz, H. Wiggers, Novel Si-CNT/polyaniline nanocomposites as Lithium-ion battery anodes for improved cycling performance, Mater. Today Proc. 4 (2017) S263–S268. doi:10.1016/J.MATPR.2017.09.197. [2] Z. Duan, Y. Luo, Z. Luo, W. Yu, C. Liu, S. Fan, The influence of charging and discharging on the thermal properties of a carbon nanotube/polyaniline nanocomposite electrode, RSC Adv. 9 (2019) 7629–7634. doi:10.1039/C9RA00151D. [3] R. Wu, H. Yuan, C. Liu, J. Le Lan, X. Yang, Y.H. Lin, Flexible PANI/SWCNT thermoelectric films with ultrahigh electrical conductivity, RSC Adv. 8 (2018) 26011–26019. doi:10.1039/c8ra04863k. [4] M.R. Saeb, P. Zarrintaj, Polyaniline/graphene-based nanocomposites, Fundam. Emerg. Appl. Polyaniline. (2019) 165–175. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-817915-4.00010-5. [5] C. Oueiny, S. Berlioz, F.X. Perrin, Carbon nanotube–polyaniline composites, Prog. Polym. Sci. 39 (2014) 707–748. doi:10.1016/J.PROGPOLYMSCI.2013.08.009. [6] S.C. Rasmussen, The Early History of Polyaniline: Discovery and Origins, An Int. J. Hist. Chem. Subst. 1 (2017) 99–109. doi:10.13128/substantia-30. [7] Q. Qin, Y. Guo, Preparation and characterization of nano-polyaniline film on ITO conductive glass by electrochemical polymerization, J. Nanomater. 2012 (2012). doi:10.1155/2012/519674. [8] D. Janas, G. Stando, Unexpectedly strong hydrophilic character of free-standing thin films from carbon nanotubes, Sci. Rep. 7 (2017) 12274. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12443-y. [9] G.Stando, P. Stando, P. Chulkin, M. Salhman, M. Lundström, D. Janas, Electropolymerization of aniline onto hydrophilic nanocarbon films (in preparation) G.S. and P.S. would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland for financial support of research (under Diamond Grant, grant agreement 0036/DIA/201948). G.S. also would like to thank European Union for thanks for financing the costs of the conference (European Social Fund, grant nr POWR.03.05.00-00-Z305) and National Agency for Academic Exchange of Poland (under the Iwanowska program, grant agreement PPN/IWA/2019/1/00017/UO/00001) for financial support during the stay at the University of Pittsburgh in the USA. G.S. and H.L. acknowledge NSF (CBET-2028826) for partial support of this work. P. S. acknowledges the National Agency for Academic Exchange of Poland (under the Academic International Partnerships program, grant agreement PPI/APM/2018/1/00004) for supporting training in the Aalto University. G.S, P.S and D.J. would like to thank the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (under the Leader program, grant agreement LIDER/0001/L-8/16/NCBR/2017).
38
Fülle, Gunnar. "The Internal Organization of the ArretineTerra SigillataIndustry: Problems of Evidence and Interpretation." Journal of Roman Studies 87 (November 1997): 111–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/301372.
Full textAbstract:
If the field of ancient economy is a battlefield, arguments based on pottery research certainly belong with the best of the weapons. Among the various kinds of pottery serving ancient historians as sources, red-gloss pottery (terra sigillata) manufactured in several parts of the Roman Empire plays an outstanding role. This special kind of pottery bears inscriptions in the form of stamps referring to persons involved in its production. In combination with the archaeological contexts of stamp finds, such as excavated sites of production, transportation, storage, and consumption, these inscriptions enable us to gain an insight into the structures of production and distribution. An additional reason why Roman red-gloss pottery is of very great interest to students of the ancient economy is that it was mass-produced, and exported to all parts of the Empire. Results of research in this field are, therefore, frequently used as weighty arguments in the discussion of the character of the Roman economy as a whole.
39
Bucknall, Clive, Volker Altstädt, Dietmar Auhl, Paul Buckley, Dirk Dijkstra, Andrzej Galeski, Christoph Gögelein, et al. "Structure, processing and performance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (IUPAC Technical Report). Part 2: crystallinity and supra molecular structure." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 1485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0403.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTest methods including OM, SEM, TEM, DSC, SAXS, WAXS, and IR were used to characterise supra-molecular structure in three batches of polyethylene (PE), which had weight-average relative molar masses ${\overline{M}}_{\text{w}}$of approximately 0.6 × 106, 5 × 106, and 9 × 106. They were applied to compression mouldings made by the polymer manufacturer. Electron microscopy showed that powders formed in the polymerization reactor consisted of irregularly shaped grains between 50 and 250 μm in diameter. Higher magnification revealed that each grain was an aggregate, composed of particles between 0.4 and 0.8 μm in diameter, which were connected by long, thin fibrils. In compression mouldings, lamellar thicknesses ranged from 7 to 23 nm. Crystallinity varied between 70 and 75 % in reactor powder, but was lower in compression mouldings. Melting peak temperatures ranged from 138 to 145 °C, depending on processing history. DMTA showed that the glass transition temperature θg was −120 °C for all three grades of polyethylene. IR spectroscopy found negligibly small levels of oxidation and thermal degradation in mouldings. Optical microscopy revealed the presence of visible fusion defects at grain boundaries. It is concluded that relatively weak defects can be characterized using optical microscopy, but there is a need for improved methods that can detect less obvious fusion defects.
40
Mayana, Pachakhan, G. Kavyasree, P. Lakshmi Narasimhulu, SG Althaf Hussain, E. Maheshwar Reddy, and N. Syman. "Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy with CFA and SiC." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1248, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1248/1/012081.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract From early history, builders, manufacturers, and engineers continued to develop composites of wide assortments of materials. Furthermore, chemical upheaval changed the composite development of plastics such as polyvinyl, polystyrene, etc., and reinforcement was reinforced essential to provide strength and rigidity. At present composites finds many applications in every aspects of day to day life. The utilization of raw materials like coal, baggase and agricultural wastes are used in large scales in industries for power generation and food production. The utilization of these fuels causing huge environmental pollution liberating in the form of ashes. These ashes can be utilized in effective way for manufacturing and structural applications with their incorporation in polymer matrix composites. To enhance the mechanical properties and in reducing the manufacturing cost, these industrial wastes plays a major role. The present research work mainly focuses on the influence of Coal Fly Ash (CFA), Silicon Carbide (SiC) and a mixture of CFA & SiC as filler materials on the mechanical behavior of Epoxy Glass fiber composite. Various types of composites are fabricated by manual hand lay-up process with varying weight percentages of the filler materials and epoxy resin as matrix material. The filler materials weight proportions are taken as 5%, 10% and 15%. The prepared composites are cut into tests specimen as per the ASTM standards of mechanical characterization. The mechanical properties of the composites (like Tensile strength (ASTM D3039/D3039M: 2017), Flexural strength (ASTM D790: 2015), Impact strength (ASTM D 229 el: 2019), Interlaminar shear strength (ASTM D2240: 2015), Hardness (ASTM D2240: 2015)) are determined by using corresponding testing machines and it is observed that the properties exhibited by the composites are enhanced with the incorporation of CFA, SiC & mixture of CFA and SiC when compared with the unfilled composites. So, these composites are considered a multifunctional composite material where the individual fillers are used in some applications and the combined proportions are used in different applications. They replace the existing materials that are very high in cost and cause more pollution at the time of manufacturing. These composites give the ability to improve and increase the efficiency, autonomy, and life expectancy of a structure.
41
Zaami, Amin, Martin Schäkel, Ismet Baran, Ton C. Bor, Henning Janssen, and Remko Akkerman. "Temperature variation during continuous laser-assisted adjacent hoop winding of type-IV pressure vessels: An experimental analysis." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 13 (November 5, 2019): 1717–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319884101.
Full textAbstract:
Laser-assisted tape winding is an automated process to produce tubular or tube-like continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites by winding a tape around a mandrel or liner. Placing additional layers on a previously heated substrate and variation in material and process parameters causes a variation in the bonding temperature of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic tapes which need to be understood and described well in order to have a reliable manufacturing process. In order to quantify the variation in this critical bonding temperature, a comprehensive temperature analysis of an adjacent hoop winding process of type-IV pressure vessels is performed. A total of five tanks are manufactured in which three glass/HDPE tapes are placed on an HDPE liner. The tape and substrate temperatures, roller force and tape feeding velocity are measured. The coefficient of variation for each round is characterized for the first time. According to the statistical analysis, the coefficient of variation in substrate temperature is found to be approximately 4.8–8.8% which is larger than the coefficient of variation of the tape temperature which is 2.1–7.8%. The coefficient of variations of the substrate temperatures in the third round decrease as compared with the coefficient of variations in the second round mainly due to the change in gap/overlap behavior of the deposited tapes. Fourier and thermographic analysis evince that the geometrical disturbances such as unroundness and eccentricity have a direct effect on the temperature variation. In addition to the temperature feedback control, a real-time object detection technique with deep learning algorithms can be used to mitigate the unwanted temperature variation and to have a more reliable thermal history.
42
A. Ali, A. eldaim, Seedahmed AI, and Ramadan Mohmmed. "LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT OF WOVEN GLASS FIBER/EPOXY COMPOSITE USING DIFFERENT FIBER ORIENTATION AND NUMBERS OF LAYERS: EXPERIMENT AND SIMULATION." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 7 (November 1, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2021.v06i07.001.
Full textAbstract:
-In this work, the synergistic effect of woven structure and asymmetric glass fiber epoxy composites on impact response was studied by experimental and numerical methods based on fiber orientation and number of layers. Three finite element models of G16, G26 and G4 (0/45/90)s, (+45/-45/90)s and (+45/-45)s respectively composites under low velocity impact were established in ABAQUS software and three samples was made same of samples on the finite element model to be tested on drop weight. All samples were manufactured by hand lay-up. Impacts with various energies 3, 9, and 15 J was applied to G16, G26 and G4. The FD curve obtained by simulation is well analyzed with the FD curve obtained by experiments, and the level of the higher values of force obtained from scalar is almost identical to the level of peak force values obtained from experimental tests with the difference in the level of displacement between them. In addition, the highest power obtained for the sample is G26, followed by G16, then G4.
43
Treister, Mikhail Yu. "Gepaipyris II? Once More about the Silver Plate from Scythian Neapolis." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 19, no. 1 (2013): 33–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341246.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article is devoted to the study of a silver plate with an inscription of Queen Gepaipyris, found in the excavations of Scythian Neapolis in 1959. It has up to now been thought that the plate belonged to the Bosporan Queen Gepaipyris, ruling in AD 37-38, and was probably a diplomatic gift during negotiations with the Scythians. The analysis of the shape of the plate, its stylistic features and the composition of its decoration give grounds for dating the plate from Neapolis (Cat. No. 1, Fig. 1) within a broad framework of the second half of the 2nd and first half of the 3rd century AD, but more probably to the second half of the 2nd than to the first half of the 3rd century. The distribution of plates, dishes (Fig. 4), cups (Fig. 7) and bowls (Fig. 8) with Dionysiac friezes allows us, with a high degree of probability, to suggest that the Neapolis plate was manufactured in a workshop located in Gaul. From the viewpoint of palaeography the inscription on the plate from Neapolis (Cat. No. 1, Figs. 1, 3-4; 9, 10; 10, 1) also cannot be dated earlier than to the 2nd century AD, the most probable date being within the last decades of the 2nd or the first half of the 3rd century AD. The suggested dating of the plate provides grounds for abandoning, without hesitation, the unfounded suggestion about its belonging to a Bosporan Queen, ruling in the second quarter of the 1st century AD. The dating of the silver plate from Scythian Neapolis, based on the analysis of its shape, decoration, the palaeographic features of the inscription and the specific form used for the designation of its weight, fits in well, in general, with the dating of its archaeological context. The plate was found in the debris of tiles and stone to the north of the buildings of the so-called North Palace of Neapolis, which existed in the last quarter of the 2nd and the first quarter of the 3rd century AD and could have been a residence of the Bosporan governor. The name Gepaipyris (Γηπαιπυρίς, Γηπαίπυρος, Γηπεπυρίς) is Thracian, rather rare and occurs in only four inscriptions found in Thrace and dated mainly to the 2nd-3rd centuries AD. As there could not have been a queen in Thrace, since it was a province of the Roman Empire in the given period, we can only suppose that a woman with the Thracian name Gepaipyris was, most probably, either a so far unknown queen, who once ruled the Bosporan Kingdom or a wife of one of the Bosporan kings. If we adopt the first suggestion about the reign of Gepaipyris II in the Bosporan Kingdom, then that could have taken place theoretically between 170/171 and 174/175 AD, i.e. between Tiberius Julius Eupator and Sauromates II. This is the only chronological gap within the period under discussion, for which dated gold staters are unknown. Certainly, Gepaipyris could have been, given the dating of the plate and the inscription on it, the wife of one of three kings of the Bosporan Kingdom: Tiberius Julius Eupator (154-170 AD), Sauromates II (174-210 AD) or Rhescuporis III (210-226 AD), most probably, in this case, one of the last two. The appearance in the Bosporus of a silver plate, manufactured in Gaul, is not surprising, if we remember that precisely in the 2nd-3rd centuries AD articles from workshops located in Gaul and in the Rhine area made up a considerable part of the imported glass and bronze items found in the Bosporus and neighbouring area.
44
Sokolovska, V. M., and N. V. Tsvetkova. "DISPLAYS OF UNBEARABLENESS OF STOMATOLOGICAL MATERIALS ARE IN CAVITY OF MOUTH (CLINICAL CASE)." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 4 (December 26, 2022): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.4.2022.08.
Full textAbstract:
Intolerance of dental materials is a rather problematic issue in modern orthopedic dentistry. Therefore, one of the important points in the diagnosis of individual sensitivity is the collection of an allergic history and the use of specific and non-specific tests. The purpose of this work is to highlight a clinical case of intolerance to dental materials, predict and prevent negative reactions using tests to determine individual sensitivity.
Object and research methods. Patient P. who was born in 1968, complained of pain, redness and swelling in the area of the gums, itching, burning sensation in the oral cavity. From the anamnesis of patient P., it became known that she was treated in a private dental clinic in Kharkiv in February 2022, where all-cast bridge prostheses with ceramic lining were made and fixed. The patient began to present all the abovementioned complaints already on the fifth day after fixing the bridge-like structures in the oral cavity. But in connection with the beginning of hostilities, she was unable to consult a dentist due to the necessity of evacuation. An objective examination of the oral cavity revealed the following: diffuse hyperemia and swelling of the gums were observed in the area of attachment of the bridge-like structures. During palpation, the gums are sharply painful, when probing they bleed easily.
Taking into account the fact that patient P. associates the symptoms of this disease with the fixation of bridge-like prostheses and taking into account the clinical picture in the oral cavity, we made a diagnosis of intolerance to dental materials and decided to remove these structures. After that, patient P. consultated with periodontist and allergist. 14 days after final treatment at the periodontist, the patient referred to the orthopedic dental clinic. During objective examination of the oral cavity of the patient P., it was established: the mucous membrane is pale pink without visible pathological changes, there is no hyperemia and swelling of the gums. The patient has no complaints.
For the further treatment of patient P, it is recommended to make one-piece bridge-like prostheses with ceramic lining. For metal frames, we plan to use cobalt-chromium alloy Co-Cr alloy for ceramic, BeGo, produced in Germany . Therefore, we prepare a cobalt-chromium alloy chip in advance, which we mix with a drop of photopolymer restorative dental adhesive during the test. After that, this mixture is applied around the neck of one of the supporting teeth and polymerized. To evaluate the results of the tissue reaction, we appoint the patient to appear in 72 hours. During an objective examination of the oral cavity, we note that the mucous membrane around the neck of the abutment tooth is pale pink in color, without pathological change.
We conduct a similar test for individual sensitivity to Duceram Kiss, Degudent ceramic mass, manufactured in Germany, which we plan to use for lining frames. Prepare a mixture of ceramic mass powder and a drop of dental adhesive. After 72 hours, we observe the results of the reaction of tissues adjacent to the neck of the abutment tooth, and we conclude that the test is negative. We plan to fix bridge-like structures on Fuji-1 glass ionomer cement, manufactured in Japan. Therefore, to conduct a study on the compatibility of the fixation material in the oral cavity, we prepare a mixture containing mixed fixation cement and dental adhesive. We observe for three days and conduct an analysis. In this case, the test is also negative. The conducted studies on the compatibility of structural materials and fixation cement give us the reason to recommend them for further prosthetics of patient P. After fixation of metal-ceramic bridge prostheses in the oral cavity, the patient was recommended to be examined by a dentist after 14 days and after one month. Long-term results of the examination of the oral cavity of patient P. confirmed the correct choice of materials for prosthetics and fixation.
Conclusion. The clinical case of diagnosing the intolerance of dental materials indicates the need to conduct a study of a potential prosthesis carrier for compatibility with structural and fixation materials.
45
Fernando, Adrian F., and Joselito F. David. "Combination of Autologous Protein-Rich Fibrin and Bone Graft: An Invaluable Option for Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibular Defects." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 28, no. 1 (June 18, 2013): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v28i1.509.
Full textAbstract:
Dear Editor,
Reconstruction of mandibular defects resulting from ablative surgery for benign and malignant tumors remains a reconstructive challenge. For the past decade, the fibular free flap has been the workhorse for large mandibular defects because of its length, versatility, and ability to be harvested with a skin paddle for soft tissue closure. Although its success rate has continuously improved to almost 95%, donor site morbidity remains a matter of concern.1,2 Bone grafts are already widely used in dental surgery but only as fillers for chipped or marginal defects and not for large segmental mandibular defects. We present a new technique of reconstructing segmental mandibular defects using bone grafts combined with autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a biomaterial derived intra-operatively from the patient that incorporates leukocytes, platelets, growth factors, and a wide range of glycoproteins in a dense fibrin matrix. Moreover, we describe the essential role of PRF in bone healing and regeneration that offers an invaluable reconstructive option that is free of donor site morbidity without sacrificing the main goal of reconstruction in restoring both form and function.
Keywords: Mandibular reconstruction; segmental mandibular defect; bone graft; autologous Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF)
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subject and Indications
A 23-year-old male underwent reconstruction with allogenic bone graft in combination with autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) for a large segmental angle to parasymphyseal mandibular defect. (Figure 1) As in this example, the authors’ technique for segmental mandibular defect reconstruction using bone grafts with PRF was best performed as a second stage procedure following tumor ablation to prevent contamination from oral cavity secretions. As with any elective procedure, a thorough review of the medical history, control of systemic disease and informed consent were necessary. Patients with contraindications for fibular free flaps, such as history of peripheral vascular disease, unfavorable imaging of the lower extremity, venous insufficiency, and anomalous lower extremity vasculature may benefit from this technique.3 Patients who had failed mandibular reconstruction with other methods such as those reconstructed with single alloplastic material, titanium plate, non-vascularized autologous bone graft, or free flaps are likewise candidates for this option.
Procedure
A submandibular incision was made and a sub-platysmal flap was raised to expose the entire length of the mandibular defect. Apart from the preservation of vital structures in the area, it was important not to violate the oral mucosa to prevent contamination of the reconstruction site. A cortico-cancellous allogenic bone graft (Maxgraft®, Botiss Medical AG , Berlin, Germany) was fitted to the mandibular defect and anchored with bicortical screws (2.5; 2.8 mm, lengths 14-20 mm) to a pre-bended 2.5 mm reconstruction titanium plate (Modus Reco 2.5, Medartis, Hochbergerstrasse Basel Switzerland). The remaining gaps between the inlaid grafts were filled with the remaining cancellous bone and biomimetic composite materials. (Figure 2) Although allogenic bone grafts with cortical and cancellous components are recommended for mandibular ramus and condylar reconstruction as these regions are composed of nearly 100% cortical bone, xenogenic (Cerabone®, Botiss Medical AG , Berlin, Germany) or combined alloplastic material- (Maxresorb®, Botiss Medical AG , Berlin, Germany) bone grafts may be used in other regions. (Figure 3)
Meanwhile, venous blood was simultaneously drawn from the patient and placed in a 10 cc glass collecting tube for single centrifuge processing using a PC-O2 centrifuge (PC-O2, Process, Nice, France). The specific centrifuge processes 8 uncoated tubes using a standard protocol specially manufactured for processing PRF using 33° tube angulation at 2700 RPM’s, soft spin for 12 minutes.4 (Figure 4) At the end of the centrifugation process, three distinct fractions of blood components were produced where the intermediate fraction composed of dense PRF clot was used. The other blood components separated by the centrifugation process- serum or platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and red blood cell concentrates, were respectively situated in the superficial and bottom layers of the collecting tube. The PRF clots were then transferred to a PRF processing box (PRF Box®, Process, Nice, France) to prepare standardized membranes and harvest the PRF exudates in a sterile environment.5 (Figure 5) Collagen material of native pericardium (GTR/GBR) membrane (Jason® membrane, Botiss Medical AG, Berlin, Germany) was placed underneath the graft recipient site and the processed PRF membranes were layered over the graft recipient site to stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and neoangiogenesis.6
The entire recipient site was then enveloped with the collagen material, mechanically securing the autologous PRF in contact with the bone grafts. (Figure 6) This established a membrane barrier for guided bone regeneration (GBR) and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) by preventing growth of undesired cells inside the neomandible and allowing osteogenesis and angiogenesis.7 Commercially available collagen biomaterials vary from native collagen membrane to enhanced Ca/P collagen composite materials such as the 3D-stable collagen graft (Mucoderm®, Botiss Medical AG, Berlin, Germany) with larger available sizes for long mandibular defect coverage. The skin was closed in the usual manner and the patient was initially maintained on a liquid diet, progressing to a soft diet over 2-4 weeks. Plain panoramic radiographs after a week confirmed proper alignment of the bone grafts and monthly radiographic series was recommended for the first 6 months after reconstruction.
RESULTS
Monthly panoramic radiographs for the first 6 months after reconstruction showed absence of bone resorption. A 3D reconstruction CT imaging of the mandible was done after 10 months for placement of three osteo-integrated dental implants. (Figure 7) Bone biopsies were also taken in conjunction with placement of dental implants, and sent to the University of Bonn, Germany for histologic evaluation. (Figure 8) The trichrome-stained specimens showed new mineralized tissues consisting of woven bone characterized by high numbers of distributed osteocytes and irregularly arranged fiber bundles within the new bone matrix confirming bone regeneration. (Figure 9) The latest panoramic radiograph of the patient at 26 months after surgery showed absence of gaps between the bone grafts and their junction with the normal mandible, evincing complete bone regeneration and a successful mandibular reconstruction. (Figure 10) A total of 14 cases of segmental mandibular defects have been reconstructed by the authors using the particular technique from January 2011 to February 2013 with 100% success rate and will be reported as a series in the near future.
DISCUSSION
Advancements in mandibular reconstruction have continued to develop over the past decades. The use of alloplastic materials like titanium plating implants for repairing mandibular defects provided patients with rapid rigid mandibular restoration but was limited by numerous complications such as infection, plate extrusion, and subsequent failure. Recently, the concept of distraction osteogenesis, involving bone distraction with an external mechanical device and progressive lengthening of the bone to allow a gap of new bone during the consolidation phase has also been used for mandibular reconstruction but has been limited by poor scar formation, delayed return to function, and inadequate formation of desired bone length.8 The advent of microvascular reconstructive surgery enabled the transfer of vascularized osseous flaps with the most commonly used fibular free flap showing superior results over non-vascularized bone transfer and better quality of life outcome. However, it did not remain free of donor-site morbidities.9
Tissue engineering led to the development and use of bone grafts that hold promise for the future of head and neck repair.10 Numerous clinical studies demonstrated the utility of tissue engineering in developing bone grafts for mandibular defect reconstruction.11 Such have already been widely used over the past decades in oro-maxillary and dental reconstruction, including the recombinant bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) that is now used with great success in cleft palate repair, alveolar ridge augmentation, and sinus lift procedures.12 Autogenous bone grafts derived from the patient work through osteogenesis, osteoinduction and osteoconduction. However, such are not recommended because apart from enabling a donor site morbidity-free technique, they are best harvested as microvascular flaps. Allogenic bone grafts on the other hand are cadaveric processed grafts that may be cortical, trabecular, or combined in composition and have both osteoconductive and osteinductive properties. Xenografts or processed animal bone graft are a subgroup of the synthetically manufactured alloplasts known to form new bones from their osteoconductive activities.
The use of autologous PRF is already widely used in combination with bone grafts for dental surgeries but not for large mandibular defects.13 Our reconstructive technique using bone grafts for large segmental mandibular defects emphasizes the important role of PRF with its intrinsic factors and leukocyte contents that release high amounts of growth factors such as TGBß1, PDGF-AB, VEGF and matrix glycoproteins.14 Collagen membrane used to envelop the entire recipient site creates a membrane barrier to prevent the growth of soft tissues and allow angiogenesis within the neomandible.15 Fascia lata may be used as a membrane barrier but defeats the authors’ goal of an absolute donor site morbidity-free procedure. Overall, this particular technique along with gentle tissue handling and avoidance of oral cavity contamination for reconstructing large mandibular defects has been found to enhance bone regeneration capable for osteo-integrated dental implantation.
Generally, the harvesting and processing of autologous PRF is simple and inexpensive. Its use with bone grafts is a good substitute for segmental mandibular reconstruction in patients with contraindications to free flap procedures or in cases where patients simply wish to be free from any donor-site morbidity. However, this technique is limited to defects secondary to trauma and ablation of benign conditions as bone regeneration is expected in approximately 6 to 9 months. Mandibular defects following resection of malignant oral neoplasms are still best reconstructed with fibular free flaps as radiation therapy is warranted at the soonest possible time. Histologic validation of bone regeneration and osteoblastic activity index for the 13 other cases performed by the authors using this particular technique necessitates bone research centers that are capable of advanced bone analysis, and none are locally-available at this time. Meanwhile, this technique of combining autologous PRF in bone grafting remains an innovative and invaluable option for mandibular reconstruction today.
46
Cool, H. E. M. "Glass Bottles and Military Production." Britannia, August 18, 2022, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x22000289.
Full textAbstract:
abstract This article draws attention to the fragments of two glass bottles found in auxiliary fort contexts of Antonine date in Britain which can be shown to have been made within the Flavian legionary fortress at Bonn. They are evidence of hitherto unsuspected aspects of legionary production and of supply within military establishments. They are also evidence of how long some artefacts could have remained in use. Reasons that might have prompted their manufacture are explored.
47
Lababidi, Lesley, Abidemi Babatunde Babalola, Bernard Gratuze, Joëlle Rolland, Emmanuel Véron, and Aurélien Canizares. "The Making of Bikini Glass in Bida, Nigeria: Ethnography, Chemical Composition, and Archaeology." African Archaeological Review, October 20, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-022-09494-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper discusses the process, prospects, and challenges of making bikini glass in Bida (Nupeland), central Nigeria. The Masagá glassmakers of Bida provide the ideal case study for investigating the production of bikini. Nineteenth-century Arab and European writings have described glassmaking in Nupeland; however, with the exception of the study carried out by Peter Robertshaw and his colleagues in 2009, there is no work that identifies the raw materials and formula used to produce bikini glass. Our recent ethnographic work at Bida provided the opportunities to collect raw glass, beads, and unfused raw material for bikini glass as well as vitrified furnace wall fragments for analysis. We present results of binocular observation and chemical compositional analysis conducted on the raw materials, glass products, and furnace remains to understand the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of various materials connected with the production of bikini. From the manufacture of glass to that of glass ornaments, bracelets, and beads, the documentation of the work of Masagá glassmakers provides new data for the history of glass and its techniques. This information is relevant for understanding glassworking in the past. The paper also addresses issues relating to migration, technology transfer, and culture contact between Nupeland and its neighbors in the Lower Niger region. It argues that the investigation of the production of bikini glass in Bida is essential for expanding our knowledge of the archaeology of glassmaking and glassworking in Sub-Saharan Africa and beyond.
48
White, Ross, Chris O'Connell, Sue Anderson, Dennis Gallagher, George Haggarty, Derek Hall, Andrew Heald, Adam Jackson, Dawn McLaren, and Catherine Smith. "Excavations on the Site of Balmerino House, Constitution Street, Leith." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 41 (January 1, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.1773-3803.2009.41.
Full textAbstract:
The remains of the front of Balmerino House, built in 1631, were uncovered during an archaeological excavation at St Mary's Star of the Sea Roman Catholic Church, Constitution Street, Leith. The work also revealed several phases of medieval to post-medieval activity, and a small burial ground which predated the house. The earliest feature uncovered by the excavation was a well containing 13th- to 14th-century pottery. Large quantities of late to post-medieval pottery were recovered, as well as iron objects, glass and bone. The human remains comprised six adult males, although some were incomplete due to later disturbance. Of importance to the history of clay tobacco pipe manufacture in Scotland is a small assemblage of clay-pipe wasters and kiln waste dated c1630-40. The work was sponsored by Gregor Properties Ltd.
49
"Proceedings of the 1st International symposium on physics of data storage." OAJ Materials and Devices 1, no. 1 (July 20, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.23647/ca.md20161108.
Full textAbstract:
Various memory technologies have emerged throughout history. Today, the discovery of new technologies and new materials over the past two decades has helped to manufacture memory devices, less bulky, less expensive, consuming less energy, but always with a larger capacity and higher speed data transfer. The international symposium ISPDS-1 has gathered researchers working on various aspects related with the problem of data storage, as Ferroics and Multiferroics, Memory storage devices, Switching phenomena, Heterojunctions and semiconductors, Energy and environment, and miscellaneous aspects. These proceedings gather abstracts of recent works in the field, presented at the symposium, dealing with chemistry, materials, devices, crystal structure, phase_diagrams, perovskite, Aurivillius, ferroelectric, ferrielectric, nanowire, Multiferroic, Flexoelectric, Magnetoelectric, Piezoresponse, Electrocaloric effect, photoelectrochemical, Resistive Switching, Magnetoelectric, nanoparticle, photovoltaic, Data_Storage, Pulsed_Laser_Deposition, PLD, lead_free_ferroelectric, solar cell, Lead_free_Materials, Nanodots, Memory, Storage, Polar nanoregions, ferroelectric_paraelectric_superlattices, ceramic, thin film, TTB, Dielectric properties, phase transition, Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3, GaFeO3, BaFe12O19, TbMnO3, PbTiO3, (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3, BaTiO3_BaZrO3_superlattices, Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3, Cu2S, paracetamol, ZnO, BiFeO3, ZnO thin film, Graphene, ZnO_Nanorod, mesoporous_TiO2, silicate glass, C60, C70,carbon peapods, Nematic Phase, TbMnO3, BaHfO3, Pb2KNb5O15, LiNbO3, Dielectric_measurement, impedance_spectroscopy, BaGexTi1-xO3_ceramics, SrBaBi2Nb2TiO12, PolySi-oxide, AlN, Magnetron_sputtering, photonic, polyvinylidene_fluoride_ultrathin_film, Phosphate, dechiralization_line, Nb3Al, K3Sr2LnNb10O30 (Ln = La, Gd), NaXF3, DFT, Electronic_structure, Optical properties, CsBeF3, Single-Wall_Boron_nitride_nanotubes, energy_storage, capacitors, Bi2O3
50
Yost, Joseph Robert, Matthew Cregan, Mohammad Bolhassani, Masoud Akbarzadeh, Yao Lu, Philipp Amir Chhadeh, and Jens Schneider. "Experimental Investigation of a Transparent Interface Material for Glass Compression Members." Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings 8 (June 20, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/cgc.8.395.
Full textAbstract:
In this experimental research a transparent thermoplastic manufactured by the DOW Corporation and known as Surlyn is investigated for use as an interface material in fabrication of an all-glass pedestrian bridge. The bridge is modular in construction and fabricated from a series of interlocking hollow glass units (HGU) that are geometrically arranged to form a compression dominant structural system. Surlyn is used as a friction-based interface between neighbouring HGUs preventing direct glass-to-glass contact. An experimental program consisting of axial loading of short glass columns (SGC) sandwiched between Surlyn sheets is used to quantify the bearing capacity at which glass fracture occurs at the glass-Surlyn interface location. Applied load cases include 100,000 cycles of cyclic load followed by 12 hours of sustained load followed by monotonic load to cracking, and monotonic loading to cracking with no previous load history. Test results show that Surlyn functions as an effective interface material with glass fracture occurring at bearing stress levels in excess of the column-action capacity of an individual HGU. Furthermore, load cycling and creep loading had no effect on the glass fracture capacity. However, the load history had a nominal effect on Surlyn, increasing stiffness and reducing deformation.