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Journal articles on the topic 'Glass enamel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Ryabova, Anna V., Anna Yu Fanda, and Sergey V. Trofimov. "Functional Protective Coatings for Steel Architectural Construction Panels." MATEC Web of Conferences 346 (2021): 02041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134602041.

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Currently, enameled steel products are becoming very popular in construction, since they have a number of valuable properties that noticeably distinguish enameled architectural and construction panels against the background of other facing building materials. Also, extremely urgent is the problem of obtaining glass enamel coatings for architectural and construction panels with high properties. In the work, glass-crystalline enamel coatings in the system R2O–RO–B2O3–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2–P2O2–F- were studied, the features of their formation on facing steel panels were revealed. The physicochemical and aesthetic-consumer properties of the developed enamel coatings have been investigated. The influence of the chemical composition of titanium-containing glass and the crystallization process on the whiteness index of white coating glass-crystalline enamels and the characteristic color shade was studied using a spectrophotometric method using an RGB color measurement model. This method made it possible to accurately determine the shades of the obtained glass-crystalline enamel coatings for steel.

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2

Mukhina, T., S. Petrova, V. Toporova, and T. Fedyaeva. "Triad ‘‘Metal – Enamel – Glass’’." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 66 (October 7, 2014): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/66/1/012047.

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3

Sarukhanishvili, A. V., I. G. Berdzenishvili, T. Sh Cheishvili, and M. I. Oleinik. "Anticorrosion glass-enamel coatings." Glass and Ceramics 44, no. 8 (August 1987): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00702184.

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4

Chen, Li Yun, Yan Yan Wu, Wei Zhong Jiang, Jia Yi Ye, Hui Le Jin, Ai Li Liu, and Xin Nan Mao. "The Effect of Mill Addition of Quartz Glass on Thermal Shock Resistance of Sheet Steel Enamels." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 1583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1583.

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Sheet steel enamels with mill addition of quartz glass were manufactured successfully in accordance with the ordinary enamel manufacturing technology. The effect of mill addition of quartz glass on thermal shock resistance and acid resistance of enamels was analyzed through XRD and SEM etc. The results show that the thermal shock of the enamel can be increased greatly by mill addition of quartz glass, and there is the rational range of mill addition of quartz glass in order for the enamel to achieve both the superior acid resistance and the excellent thermal shock.

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5

Russo, Francesca, Stefano Rossi, and Attilio Monzio Compagnoni. "Porcelain Enamel Coatings." Encyclopedia 1, no. 2 (April 27, 2021): 388–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1020032.

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Porcelain enamel is an inorganic-type coating, which is applied to metals or glass for both decorative and functional purposes. This coating is a silica-based solidified glass mass obtained by high-temperature firing (temperature can range between 450 and 1200 °C depending on the substrate). Porcelain enamel coatings differ from ceramic coatings mainly by their glass structure and dilatation coefficient, and from organic paints mainly by the inorganic nature of the matrix and the chemical bond that exists between the coating and the substrate.

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6

Gavrilovski, Dragica, Nikola Blagojevic, and Milorad Gavrilovski. "Modeling glass-ceramic enamel properties." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 67, no. 2 (2002): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0202135g.

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The results of an investigation of the chemical and thermal characteristics of glass-ceramic enamels, derived from the Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 system obtained by employing the methods of mathematical experiment planning, are presented in this paper. Adequate mathematical models, showing the dependence of the chemical and thermal stability on the chemical composition of enamel systems, after different thermal treatment procedures, were obtained. Based on the testing carried out, it was concluded that in the obtained glass-ceramic enamels the chemical resistance is decreased, but at the same time, the thermal stability is increased, relative to reference coatings.

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7

Klimova, L. V., A. V. Ryabova, and V. V. Kerimova. "Chemically Resistant Glass-Enamel Coating for the Protection of Steel Pipelines." Materials Science Forum 992 (May 2020): 598–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.598.

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At present, the problem of obtaining a defect-free corrosion-resistant glass-enamel coating for steel pipelines is extremely urgent. In this paper, the development of a corrosion-resistant glass-enamel coating for steel pipelines is presented, as well as the technical and operational properties of synthesized glass-enamel coatings are investigated. The composition of the enamel coating is developed, which has a high adhesion index, chemical resistance to aggressive media and can be recommended for introduction in the production of enameled pipes.

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8

Gnesin, G. G. "Glass, Glaze, and Enamel Over the Millennia. II. Glazes and Enamels." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 54, no. 11-12 (March 2016): 750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11106-016-9771-6.

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9

Goleus, V. I., T. I. Nahorna, R. I. Kyslychna, and S. Yu Naumenko. "Protective and decorative properties of titanium glass enamels." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 6 (December 2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2020-133-6-33-37.

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It is known that enamel coatings with enhanced protective and decorative properties can be fabricated on the basis of boron-silicate glass frits with an increased content of TiO2 in their composition. Opacity and white color of enamel coatings are due to their crystallization at firing temperatures. Titanium glass enamels are not pure white visually, and show yellow and blue shades depending on their chemical composition. The purpose of this work was to establish the influence of basic components on the water resistance and color characteristics of titanium enamel coatings. Our experimental study was focused on the glass frits with the chemical composition described by the generalized formula (76–n–m)SiO2nB2O3mNa2O24MexOy, where MexOy is the total content of TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, MgO, СaO, P2O5, and K2O. It was found that the glass frits with the following content of basic components (mol.%): Na2O 12–13, K2O 3, B2O3 10–11, SiO2 49–51 demonstrated the highest water-resistant properties. The color characteristics of titanium enamel coatings prepared on the basis of the mentioned glass frits differ significantly from the reference white light A; the titanium enamel coatings under consideration have a yellow-green tint. The highest deviations of the enamel coating color purity and color tone from a standard of white color were observed when increasing the Na2O content in the glass frits composition at the expense of SiO2. The color of titanium coatings with the highest water resistance has a deviation from the standard of white color within 4–6%.

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10

PAVKIN, DMITRIY YU. "STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF STEEL ENAMELED SURFACE FOR SILO TOWERS." Agricultural engineering, no. 2 (2022): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2022-2-46-51.

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One of the technologies for obtaining and storing high-quality silage and haylage is the use of silo towers. The authors propose to manufacture silo towers from high-strength and corrosion-resistant steel sheets, coated with glass enamel, which has a lower coefficient of sliding friction than steel and concrete, as well as high resistance to aggressive environments. The aim of the study was to determine the properties of the glass-enamel coating of steel parts for the manufacturing of tower-type storages. A glass-enamel coating from a frit of glass-enamel brand MK-5 was applied to prepared sheets of steel 09G2S using a spray gun. The total thickness of the enameled coating ranged from 200 to 350 nm. Steel sheets were baked at a temperature of 850°C for 30 minutes. The thickness of the enamel coating was determined with an Olympus GX51 microscope. The roughness was determined using a TAYLOR HOBSON Surtronic 25 profilometer. The adhesive properties of the coating were studied using a Positest AT-M adhesive meter. Each test piece was tested twice. The tests were carried out on a sheet of 0.06 m2. The coefficient of sliding friction was determined on an adapted test bench. Laboratory tests with silage mass were carried out according to the developed methodology. Studies of the steel surface with a glass-enamel coating showed that the average thickness of the enameled layer was 690 nm, the roughness was 0.01 μm, and the adhesion was 5.25 MPa. The sliding friction coefficient of sliced plant materials on the enameled steel surface was 0.15, which is 2.6 and 3.2 times lower than that of non-enamelled steel and concrete, respectively. The authors have made conclusions about the possibility of using steel 09G2S in silo towers as a suitable sustitute for steel 65G and the sufficient efficiency of the chosen enameling technology.

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11

PAVKIN, DMITRIY YU. "STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF STEEL ENAMELED SURFACE FOR SILO TOWERS." Agricultural engineering, no. 2 (2022): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2022-2-46-51.

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One of the technologies for obtaining and storing high-quality silage and haylage is the use of silo towers. The authors propose to manufacture silo towers from high-strength and corrosion-resistant steel sheets, coated with glass enamel, which has a lower coefficient of sliding friction than steel and concrete, as well as high resistance to aggressive environments. The aim of the study was to determine the properties of the glass-enamel coating of steel parts for the manufacturing of tower-type storages. A glass-enamel coating from a frit of glass-enamel brand MK-5 was applied to prepared sheets of steel 09G2S using a spray gun. The total thickness of the enameled coating ranged from 200 to 350 nm. Steel sheets were baked at a temperature of 850°C for 30 minutes. The thickness of the enamel coating was determined with an Olympus GX51 microscope. The roughness was determined using a TAYLOR HOBSON Surtronic 25 profilometer. The adhesive properties of the coating were studied using a Positest AT-M adhesive meter. Each test piece was tested twice. The tests were carried out on a sheet of 0.06 m2. The coefficient of sliding friction was determined on an adapted test bench. Laboratory tests with silage mass were carried out according to the developed methodology. Studies of the steel surface with a glass-enamel coating showed that the average thickness of the enameled layer was 690 nm, the roughness was 0.01 μm, and the adhesion was 5.25 MPa. The sliding friction coefficient of sliced plant materials on the enameled steel surface was 0.15, which is 2.6 and 3.2 times lower than that of non-enamelled steel and concrete, respectively. The authors have made conclusions about the possibility of using steel 09G2S in silo towers as a suitable sustitute for steel 65G and the sufficient efficiency of the chosen enameling technology.

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12

Makerov, A. V., N. T. Shardakov, V. A. Prusov, and V. I. Veber. "Recording penetrative defects in glass enamel coatings." Glass and Ceramics 48, no. 1 (January 1991): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00677732.

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13

Shardakov, N. T., �. Kh Kurumchin, G. K. Vdovin, and V. A. Deryabin. "Gassing in heating of glass enamel frit." Glass and Ceramics 52, no. 12 (December 1995): 346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00679294.

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14

Kulikova, O. V., N. E. Shchegoleva, Yu E. Lebedeva, M. L. Vaganova, and A. S. Chainikova. "Insulating Enamel Based on Lead-Borate Glass." Glass and Ceramics 78, no. 11-12 (March 2022): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-022-00427-y.

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15

Taha, A. A., P. S. Fleming, R. G. Hill, and M. P. Patel. "Enamel Remineralization with Novel Bioactive Glass Air Abrasion." Journal of Dental Research 97, no. 13 (August 6, 2018): 1438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518792048.

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Enamel demineralization or white spot lesions (WSLs) are a frequent complication associated with fixed appliance–based orthodontic treatment. The remineralization potential of a novel fluoride-containing bioactive glass (QMAT3) propelled via an air abrasion system was compared with Sylc glass and artificial saliva on artificially induced WSLs. Thirty extracted human premolars were randomly assigned into 3 groups ( n = 10) per method of treatment and scanned with optical coherence tomography and noncontact profilometer in the 4 enamel states: sound, demineralized, after glass propulsion, and after immersion in artificial saliva. Knoop hardness testing was also performed. Twenty additional prepared teeth samples were also randomly selected for examination by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (2 teeth per technique) under each of the 4 enamel conditions. 19F MAS-NMR (magic angle spinning–nuclear magnetic resonance) was also used to detect the type of apatite formed on the enamel surface. Significant enamel remineralization with surface roughness and intensity of light backscattering similar to that of sound enamel was observed following treatment with QMAT3. In addition, mineral deposits were detected on the remineralized enamel surfaces, forming a protective layer and improving its hardness. This layer was rich in calcium, phosphate, and fluoride; 19F MAS-NMR confirmed the formation of fluorapatite. This finding is particularly beneficial since fluorapatite is more chemically stable than hydroxyapatite and has greater resistance to acid attack. Hence, a promising fluoride-containing bioactive glass for enamel remineralization has been developed, although further clinical evaluation and refinement is required.

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16

Ryabova, A. V., L. V. Klimova, and E. V. Filatova. "Glass-Ceramic Materials and Coatings Providing Steel Household Products with the Desired Properties." Materials Science Forum 843 (February 2016): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.843.189.

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The possibility of production of white cover glass-enamel coatings for steel products has been considered. A number of compositions of glass-enamel coatings has been worked out. The obtained samples have been subjected to tests for corrosion resistance, temperature resistance and whiteness index. The peculiarities of crystallization in white cover glass-enamel coatings have been revealed. It is shown that the produced cover glass-enamel coatings for steel products conform to all requirements of GOST R 52569-2006. The application of RGB color model has been considered to determine the color hues of the white enamel coatings.

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17

SHU, MINGYONG, HAIYING YIN, QINGDONG ZHONG, XI SHI, and HONGBO HAN. "EFFECT OF GLASS POWDER ON ACID RESISTANCE OF ENAMEL COATING." Surface Review and Letters 24, no. 03 (March 30, 2017): 1750036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x17500366.

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Enamel glaze was added with glass powders of different sizes and masses and fired into enamel coatings on the surface of low-carbon steel. Acid resistance of the enamel coatings in H2SO4 solution was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and mass loss of acid corrosion. As was discovered in research, the acid corrosion quantity in the enamel coatings decreased with the decrease in the particle size of the glass powder when the particle size of the additive glass powder reduced from 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m to 1–2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m and heated the prepared enamel coatings in the H2SO4 solution until 80[Formula: see text]C and kept for 48[Formula: see text]h. When the additive amount of the glass powder increased from 5% to 20%, the surface of the enamel coating was smooth and flat with good glossiness and without defects like obvious bubbles and cracks, and the acid corrosion quantity decreased with increase in the additive amount of glass powder, which decreased from 43.24[Formula: see text]mg/cm[Formula: see text]d to 4.28[Formula: see text]mg/cm2.d, satisfying the acid-proof performance requirements of industrial enamel coatings.

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18

Erayvaz, Ahmet Murat, and Emek Moroydor Derun. "Influence of lithium amount on vitreous enamel properties." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 3 (2021): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2021028.

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Lithium is the lightest of all metals and the third element in the periodic table. Recent years, lithium salts have become an important input for the energy industry. Lithium carbonate and hydroxides are the basic building blocks of Li-ion battery production. The usage areas of lithium compounds are not limited to only energy; they are also utilized in heavy-duty machines, in the aluminum industry, in nuclear power plants and for glass, ceramics, frit, and coatings in industrial sectors. Lithium has also been found to be very useful in the development of harder, smoother, and more resistant low-temperature glasses, glazes, and enamels. It is also used in very-low-melting-point vitreous compositions like aluminum enamels, colors, fluxes, and glass-seals. The use of lithium also helps in the development of low-expansion bodies, glazes, and glasses. In this study, it is intended to explore the adherence forces in the steel sheet application of different amounts of lithium in enamel frit composition and to examine surface characteristics such as ease of cleaning, gloss, and color. For chemical characterization, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and color measurements were done with a Minolta CM-700d spectrometer device. Bond adherence tests were performed in accordance with the TS EN 10209 standard.

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19

Klimova, L. V., A. V. Ryabova, and A. Yu Fanda. "Crystallization Peculiarities of White Glass-Enamel Coatings for Steel Products." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 665–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.665.

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The aim of the research was to study the influence of small additives on the crystallization of titanium-containing phases in glass and the influence of the process parameters on the whiteness of the covering glass enamel coatings. A number of compositions of initial glasses (frits) were synthesized to produce glass coatings with high whiteness. Their physical and chemical properties were analyzed. A titanium-containing glass enamel coatings were developed, the composition of which contains compounds that promote bulk crystallization, which ensures a high whiteness index.

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20

Dong, Zhi Hong, and Chang Chun Zhou. "Particle Size of 45S5 Bioactive Glass Affected the Enamel Remineralization." Materials Science Forum 815 (March 2015): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.815.396.

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In order to repair the etched human dental enamel, 45S5 bioactive glass with different particle size was used to remineralization enamel in vitro. 45S5 bioactive glass powder was sieved, and divided into the three groups. Freshly sound human second molar teeth from patients were extracted and specimens of dentine-enamel junction were prepared under water-cooled diamond saw, then the enamel surface was polished and finally rinsed. The enamel samples were soaked in simulated oral fluid (SOF) for 5 days. Particle size distribution, topological images and mechanical properties such as hardness and reduced modulus of enamel surface were evaluated by the laser particle size analyzer, atomic force microscope (AFM) and nanoindentation technology. The results indicated that the adhered particle size onto the enamel surface was concentrated on the 1-10 μm. With the decreasing particle size, adhesive capacity onto the enamel surface increased, but the mechanical properties decreased gradually after soaking in SOF for 5 days. In a short period time, Group 2 particles are suitable of repair the etched enamel, and further improve its mechanical properties. This study suggests that proper size 45S5 bioactive glass may be used to repair the acid etched teeth as a toothpaste additive.

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21

Ludlow, SW, SN Farmer, ME Donaldson, D. Tantbirojn, and A. Versluis. "Microleakage of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Restorations With Selective Enamel Etching." Operative Dentistry 39, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): E154—E159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/13-290-l.

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SUMMARY Aim Bonding of resin-modified glass ionomers to enamel is an important quality, especially when saliva contamination is inevitable. This study evaluated if microleakage of a resin-modified glass ionomer improves with selective enamel etching, with or without saliva contamination. Methods Class V cavities with the occlusal margin in enamel and the gingival margin on the root were prepared in extracted human permanent teeth and filled with a resin-modified glass ionomer using an acidic primer according to the manufacturer's recommendation or with an additional selective enamel etching step. Preparations were contaminated with saliva before primer application or before restoration placement (n=10). Restored teeth were thermocycled between 5°C and 55°C for 1000 cycles, stained with basic fuchsin, and sectioned. Microleakage distance was measured and analyzed with analysis of variance followed by Duncan post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05. Results Enamel microleakage was highest when saliva contamination occurred before the placement of resin-modified glass ionomer. Microleakage distances were significantly reduced in the selective etching groups regardless of saliva contamination. However, selective etching of enamel increased microleakage in cementum. The increase in cementum leakage was significantly higher when saliva contamination occurred before restoration placement. Conclusion Selective etching reduces enamel microleakage of a resin-modified glass ionomer even with saliva contamination, but it may increase microleakage at the cementum. The severity of microleakage is affected by the timing of saliva contamination.

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22

Otmakhov, V. I. "Firing of Glass Enamel by Concentrated Solar Radiation." Glass and Ceramics 72, no. 7-8 (November 2015): 266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-015-9770-y.

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23

Ryabova, A. V., E. A. Yatsenko, V. V. Khoroshavina, and L. V. Klimova. "Glass-Enamel Corrosion-Resistant Coatings for Steel Pipelines." Glass and Ceramics 74, no. 7-8 (November 2017): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-017-9980-6.

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24

Lazutkina, O. R., A. K. Kazak, A. A. Temereva, and S. O. Nedopolz. "Glass enamel for steel based on diatomite material." Glass and Ceramics 63, no. 5-6 (May 2006): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-006-0068-y.

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25

Tkacheva, O. N., V. E. Gorbatenko, and A. G. Tkachev. "New method for producing glass matrices for heat-resistant glass-enamel coatings." Glass and Ceramics 47, no. 6 (June 1990): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00685458.

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26

Bondarenko, N., and Z. Pavlenko. "STUDYING THE POSSIBILITY OF USING COLEMANIT TO OBTAIN ENAMELS ON STEEL." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 5, no. 10 (November 5, 2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-10-57-62.

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The practical use of boron and its compounds is extremely diverse due to its different properties. About 55 % of boron raw materials are consumed by the glass and ceramic industries for the manufacture of optical glasses, heat-insulating glass fibers, acid-resistant and refractory products, enamels, glazes, porcelain, etc. The paper considers the possibility of using colemanite to obtain enamel over steel. The optimal temperature-time regime of firing has been developed to obtain a high-quality coating and achieve the desired effect. It has been established that colemanite can partially replace cover enamel drill. On the basis of the studies carried out, it was found that the obtained experimental enamel is more refractory than the ESP-210 enamel. The optimal firing temperature for the experimental coating was established – 950 ° С, for the ESP-210 coating – 825 ° С. For uniform reflow of the experimental coating, a temperature is required that exceeds the reflow temperature of ESP-210 by 125 ° C. Colemanite-containing batch was cooked. Cooking was carried out in an electric oven at 1300 ° C for 5 hours. For further research, a slip was prepared from the experimental enamel and applied by pouring onto the plates

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27

Ryzhova, Olga, Maxim Khokhlov, Victor Goleus, and Alexander Nosenko. "Influence of Iron Oxides on the Properties of Unfluoridated Enamel Frit Glass and Coatings." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 9, no. 3 (September 15, 2015): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht09.03.343.

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28

McInnes-Ledoux, P. M., W. R. Ledoux, and R. Weinberg. "A Bond Strength Study of Luted Castable Ceramic Restorations." Journal of Dental Research 68, no. 5 (May 1989): 823–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345890680051401.

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Accurate intra coronal castings can be produced using a castable ceramic-DICOR®-for which there is a need to identify a suitable luting cement. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the bond strength of three glass-ionomer luting cements and one resin cement to treated and untreated DICOR®, enamel, and dentin surfaces. Forty "cerammed" DICOR® specimens were assigned to four groups: (1-3) grit-blasting and bonding to each of the three glass-ionomer cements; and (4) acid-etching, silane coating, and bonding to the resin cement. Seventy enamel specimens were assigned to seven groups: (1-3) no etching and bonding to each of the glass-ionomer cements; (4-7) acid-etching and bonding to the glass-ionomer cements and the resin cement. Seventy dentin specimens were assigned to seven groups: (1-4) bonding to each of the three glass-ionomer cements and the resin cement; (5-7) polyacrylic acid preconditioning and bonding to each of the three glass-ionomer cements. The mean resin cement bond strengths (MN/m 2) to DICOR® (9.4) and to etched enamel (10.7) were significantly greater (p<0.01) than those of the glass-ionomer cements (DI-COR®, 0.8-1.2 ; enamel, 0.4-0.9). Preconditioning of enamel and dentin significantly increased (p<0.05) the bond strengths to the glass-ionomer cements. The mean bond strength of the resin cement to untreated dentin (4.3) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the glass-ionomer bond strengths to untreated dentin (1. 0-1.7) and to preconditioned dentin (2.1-3.3). The high bond strengths achieved with the resin cement are encouraging. Selected surface treatment of DICOR®, enamel, and dentin prior to luting should be clinically useful.

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29

Khramchenkova, Rezida Kh, Airat M. Gubaidullin, Patrick Degryse, Ilvina R. Biktagirova, Aleksey D. Ogorodnikov, and Pavel S. Danilov. "The Fragment of Enameled Glass Vessel from the Bolgar Excavation (Russia)." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 4, no. 34 (December 15, 2020): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2020.4.34.212.222.

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This paper is devoted to the interdisciplinary study of an enameled glass fragment found in the excavation of the Bolgar fortified settlement (Russia). The artifact comes from excavation site CLXXII of the so-called aristocratic district of the city. A comparison to a collection of Islamic drinking glasses from the Nasser Khalili collection shows the identity of the enamel pattern decor. The artifact was investigated by a series of analytical methods: scanning optical and electron microscopy (OSEM) and optical emission spectral analysis (OES). The results of the OES studies revealed that the basis is soda-lime glass. OSEM determined that different enamel colors were obtained from lapis lazuli, nepheline, diopside, bone ash, hematite, and lead-tin additive. Comparison of element’s concentrations with data of the Brill catalog of archaeological glass made it possible to identify the Bulgarian fragment as Egyptian glass produced in the late 13th – early 14th centuries.

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30

McCaghren, R. A., D. H. Retief, E. L. Bradley, and F. R. Denys. "Shear Bond Strength of Light-cured Glass Ionomer to Enamel and Dentin." Journal of Dental Research 69, no. 1 (January 1990): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345900690010601.

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The shear bond strengths of a light-cured glass-ionomer cement to enamel and dentin were determined with use of extracted human maxillary permanent canines and molars. Bonding sites on the ground, etched enamel and ground dentin surfaces were demarcated by the punching of a hole, 3 mm in diameter, in an adhesive tape. The mixed glass-ionomer cement was transferred to the demarcated site, cured by exposure to visible light for 30 s, and the cement surface treated with Scotchprep Dentin Primer followed by Scotchbond 2 Light Cure Dental Adhesive. The embedded teeth were positioned in an assembly apparatus, and Silux composite was bonded to the glass-ionomer-cement surfaces. The specimens were disassembled after 15 min and subjected to a shear load (in an Instron machine) immediately after disassembly; after storage in water at 37°C for 24 h, without and with temperature cycling; and after storage in water for four weeks, without and with temperature cycling. The shear bond strength of the glass-ionomer cement to etched enamel was in the order of 12 MN. m-2, and to dentin it was 9 MN.m -2. Temperature cycling and duration of storage had no adverse effect on the shear bond strength. The enamel and dentin aspects of fractured test specimens were examined, and the percentage of the bonding area that failed in the cement was estimated. Most of the test specimens failed partly at the enamel and dentin interfaces and within the glass-ionomer cement.

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Cook, P. A., and C. C. Youngson. "An in vitro Study of the Bond Strength of a Glass Ionomer Cement in the Direct Bonding of Orthodontic Brackets." British Journal of Orthodontics 15, no. 4 (November 1988): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.15.4.247.

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The shear/peel bond strength of a ‘no-mix’ composite orthodontic bonding resin was compared in vitro with that of a glass ionomer cement. The effect of pre-treatment of the enamel, with either phosphoric acid or polyacrylic acid, prior to using the glass ionomer cement was also assessed. The composite resin had a significantly higher bond strength than the glass ionomer cement. Simple prophylaxis and drying of the enamel achieved the best results when using the glass ionomer cement, whilst etching the tooth surface with phosphoric acid produced a significantly poorer bond to the enamel. Investigation of the site of failure showed the composite resin bonded very well to the tooth and less well to the bracket, whilst the glass ionomer adhered significantly better to the bracket base than to the tooth surface.

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Khoroushi, Maryam, Alireza Eshghi, and Alireza Rezvani. "Resin Bonding using Etch-and-Rinse and Self-etch Adhesives to Decalcified Deciduous Enamel after Bioactive Glass Air Abrasion." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 5 (2014): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1585.

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ABSTRACT Purpose Bioactive glass air abrasion is a conservative technique for removal of initial decalcified enamel superficial layer and caries vs alumina air abrasion. This study evaluated shear bond strength of composite resin to sound and decalcified deciduous enamel using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives after alumina and bioactive glass air abrasion. Materials and methods Ninety-six flat enamel surfaces, mounted in acrylic resin, were prepared from 48 deciduous molars. Half of the specimens were decalcified with a demineralizing solution. Both intact and decalcified specimens were assigned to two groups for alumina and bioactive glass air abrasion. In each group, the specimens were subdivided into two groups for application of Clearfil SE Bond or Optibond FL adhesives (n = 12). After composite resin bonding, the specimens underwent shear bond test. Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression model and independentsample t-test (á = 0.05). Results No significant differences were noted in bond strength of composite resin after alumina or bioactive glass air abrasion (p = 0.272). Optibond FL adhesive and enamel decalcification produced higher bond strength (p = 0.000, p = 0.001 respectively). Conclusion In this study, bioactive glass air abrasion produced bond strength comparable to the conventional method. This technique might be an alternative method for preparation of normal and/or decalcified enamel of deciduous teeth for resin bonding. How to cite this article Eshghi A, Khoroushi M, Rezvani A. Resin Bonding using Etch-and-Rinse and Self-etch Adhesives to Decalcified Deciduous Enamel after Bioactive Glass Air Abrasion. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(5):595-602.

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MROZEK, PIOTR. "BIOACTIVE GLASS PARTICLES FIELD-ASSISTED SEALING TO TITANIUM IMPLANT GLASS-BASED COATINGS." Surface Review and Letters 16, no. 01 (February 2009): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x09012457.

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This paper reports for the first time the use of field-assisted sealing for bioactive implant coating applications. Field-assisted sealing (anodic bonding) of bioactive glass particles to bioinert glass enamel coating of titanium implant was investigated. Biocompatible titanium oxide interlayer was fabricated by deep thermal oxidation of 80 nm thick Ti thin film previously vacuum evaporated onto polished bioactive glass surface. Bioactive glass particle was anodically bonded via the interlayer to polished surface of bioinert glass enamel coating vacuum deposited onto Ti plate at 860°C. A total of 20 min preheating time with constant temperature increase rate, 5 min bonding time, and 100 V DC voltage were applied during field-assisted bond formation at 530°C in air.

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Shebl, E. A., W. M. Etman, Th M. Genaid, and M. E. Shalaby. "Durability of bond strength of glass-ionomers to enamel." Tanta Dental Journal 12, no. 1 (March 2015): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tdj.2014.08.001.

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Fu, Dechun. "Processing of porcelain enamel glass powders for electrostatic spraying." Powder Technology 85, no. 1 (October 1995): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(95)03004-s.

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Van der Snickt, Geert, Olivier Schalm, Joost Caen, Koen Janssens, and Manfred Schreiner. "Blue Enamel on Sixteenth - and Seventeenth-Century Window Glass." Studies in Conservation 51, no. 3 (January 2006): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.2006.51.3.212.

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Ioffe, V. Ya, and D. F. Ushakov. "Glass enamel coatings for electrical domestic machines and appliances." Glass and Ceramics 44, no. 3 (March 1987): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00697257.

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Hesse, Daniela, Tathiane Lenzi, Camila Guglielmi, Ketlin Anacleto, and Daniela Prócida Raggio. "Shear Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Materials to Eroded Enamel." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 4 (2013): 700–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1387.

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ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the bond strength of one etch-and-rinse adhesive system and one resin-modified glass ionomer cement to sound and eroded enamel. Materials and methods Forty-eight bovine incisors were embedded in acrylic resin and ground to obtain flat buccal enamel surfaces. Half of the specimens were submitted to erosion challenge with pH-cycling model (3x/cola drink for 7 days) to induce eroded enamel. After that, all specimens were randomly assigned according to adhesive material: etch-andrinse adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2 – 3M ESPE, USA) or resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Vitro Fil LC – DFL, Brazil). The shear bond testing was performed after 24 hours water storage (0.5 mm/min). Shear bond strength means were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (p < 0.05). Results Adper Single Bond 2 showed the highest bond strength value to eroded enamel (p < 0.05), whereas no difference was observed in sound enamel compared with Vitro Fil LC (p > 0.05). Conclusion Bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive system increases in eroded enamel, while no difference is verified to resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Clinical significance Adhesive materials may be used in eroded enamel without jeopardizing the bonding quality; however it is preferable to use etch-and-rinse adhesive system. How to cite this article Lenzi T, Hesse D, Guglielmi C, Anacleto K, Raggio DP. Shear Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Materials to Eroded Enamel. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):700-703.

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Dai, Lin Lu, May Lei Mei, Chun Hung Chu, and Edward Chin Man Lo. "Mechanisms of Bioactive Glass on Caries Management: A Review." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 4183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244183.

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This review investigates the mechanisms of bioactive glass on the management of dental caries. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE (via Ovid), Medline (via Ovid)) were systematically searched using broad keywords and terms to identify the literature pertaining to the management of dental caries using “bioactive glass”. Titles and abstracts were scrutinized to determine the need for full-text screening. Data were extracted from the included articles regarding the mechanisms of bioactive glass on dental caries management, including the aspect of remineralizing effect on enamel and dentine caries, and antimicrobial effect on cariogenic bacteria. After removal of duplicates, 1992 articles were identified for screening of the titles and abstracts. The full texts of 49 publications were scrutinized and 23 were finally included in this review. Four articles focused on the antimicrobial effect of bioactive glass. Twelve papers discussed the effect of bioactive glass on demineralized enamel, while 9 articles investigated the effect of bioactive glass on demineralized dentine. In conclusion, bioactive glass can remineralize caries and form apatite on the surface of enamel and dentine. In addition, bioactive glass has an antibacterial effect on cariogenic bacteria of which may help to prevent and arrest dental caries.

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Gileva, O. S., and A. D. Levitskaya. "Experimental analysis of crack resistance indicators of demineralized tooth enamel after combined infiltration treatment." Perm Medical Journal 38, no. 3 (July 16, 2021): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj383110-121.

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Objective. To study the indicators of crack resistance of the demineralized enamel treated with combined infiltration method using the method of scratch testing. Materials and methods. To study the elastic-strength properties of the enamel in vitro, 24 intact teeth removed by orthodontic indications were used, on the vestibular surface of the crown of which, there was modelled an artificial caries of the enamel by the patented technology. A number of multilevel studies confirmed the formation of caries. Scratch testing was performed on the sections of the intact enamel; demineralized enamel infiltrated by light composite using the modified method with a four-minute regime of conditioning; enamel laminated with bioactive hybrid glass ionomer. Results. The developed model of artificial caries corresponded to the enamel in vivo. The critical load of the start of formation of the intact enamel microcracks (Lc1) was 9.82 0.81 N; demineralized enamel 6.34 0.92 N; infiltrated by modified method 8.23 0.61 N; bioactive glass ionomer 0.82 0.17 N. The critical load of formation of the chevron cracks (Lc2) of the intact enamel was 18.21 0.68 N; demineralized 14.21 1.35 N; after infiltration 10.1 0.30 N; in bioactive glass ionomer, no parameters were registered on all the tested samples. The critical load of formation of the intact enamel chips (Lc3) was 15.73 0.73 N; demineralized enamel 5.02 0.64 N; after infiltration 22.43 0.44 N; bioactive covering 2.21 0.12 N. Conclusions. A comparative analysis of the results of scratch testing of the enamel permitted to characterize the biomaterial from the position of physical material science, determine the critical loads of the start of forming microcracks, double-helical cracks, chips.

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Ryu, Su-Kyoung, Gye-Jeong Oh, Jin-Ho Kang, Jae-Gon Jang, Kumaresan Sakthiabirami, Byung-Kwon Moon, Kyung-Ku Lee, et al. "Wear Behavior of the Human Enamel Antagonist to Different Glazed Zirconia." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 5676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17657.

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In this study, the wear behavior of glazed zirconia was investigated to the antagonist with human enamel after simulated mastication. Twenty Y-TZP specimens were divided into 4 groups: untreated zirconia (Z), glazed zirconia with IPS e.max Ceram (GZE), glazed zirconia with VITA AKZENT® Plus (GZV), and glazed zirconia with glass (GZG). Glazing glass was mainly composed of SiO2, B2O3, Al2O3, Na2O and K2O (nearly 91 wt%). The surface roughness of the specimens was evaluated using roughness profiler. The maxillary premolar teeth were selected as the antagonist. The wear of human enamel against human enamel was used as a control. Five-disc specimens per group were subjected to chewing stimulation CS-4 (SD Mechatronic GmbH, Germany) for 240,000 cycles against human enamel. The wear loss of antagonistic teeth was calculated using a three-dimensional profiling system and the volume loss of the tooth was scanned using a 3D scanner. 3D data obtained before and after testing were overlapped using 3D software (Dentacian Software, EZplant, Korea). The wear loss of glazed zirconia GZE, GZV and GZG groups showed significantly lower than that of human enamel. Whereas, the zirconia (Z) group exhibits significantly lower volume loss than glazed zirconia and enamel. These results show that the wear of the glazing glass is comparable to other commercial glazing materials. Glazing materials are both more susceptible to wear the antagonist relative to zirconia.

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Qu, Liang, Xinqiang Zhang, Hongying Duan, Rui Zhang, Guanghua Li, and Yong Lei. "The application of LIBS and other techniques on Chinese low temperature glaze." MRS Advances 2, no. 39-40 (2017): 2081–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.85.

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ABSTRACT The focus of this paper is on analysis, comparison and research on the colorful low-temperature, lead-containing overglazes on glazed porcelain body and on the enamel glazes on the metal body of the Qing Dynasty by adopting several analytical methods. Analysis and tests on the element, boron in overglaze on glazed porcelain body and enamel glaze on metal body, were performed using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and the results showed that Cloisonné enamel, painted enamel and Falangcai samples contained boron, while Famille Rose (Fencai) samples did not contain boron. Meanwhile, such analysis methods as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXRF), Micro-Raman, stereomicroscope and Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to test and observe the element composition, crystal composition and microstructure of the samples. The results illustrated that matrix glaze of Cloisonné enamel, painted enamel and Falangcai was the same. The yellow glaze was a lead-alkali glass and other color glazes were boron-lead-alkali glass, while all color glazes of Famille Rose were lead-alkali glass. Colorful low-temperature overglaze on glazed porcelain body and enamel glaze on metal body had a common practice and technology in the use of opacifiers and colorants. Compared to painted enamel, the painting technique of Famille Rose was more complicated, and effect was apparently praised as being superior.

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Mau, M., C. Müller, J. Langbein, C. Rehfeldt, J. P. Hildebrandt, and T. M. Kaiser. "Adhesion of bovine and goat salivary proteins to dental enamel and silicate (short communication)." Archives Animal Breeding 49, no. 5 (October 10, 2006): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-49-439-2006.

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Abstract. Salivary proteins may help to prevent enamel abrasion and adverse chemical effects on teeth of herbivorous mammals. To detect potential candidates for protecting proteins, bovine and goat whole saliva were incubated with dental enamel and glass powder. Salivary proteins, bound to dental enamel and glass, were analysed by SDS-PAGE. Two distinct salivary proteins were found to adhere to bovine enamel and were identified by MS/MS mass spectrometry and protein sequencing. Both the bovine odorant-binding protein (bOBP) and the carbonic anhydrase VI (CA-VI) were components of the protein layers. The bovine CA-VI adherent to teeth may serve as a pH-regulator to protect bovine enamel from bacterial acids. The bOBP may bind odorant particles right in the oral cavity and enhance their transmission to the vomeronasal organ (VNO), the signals of which are important determinants in sexual behaviour of mammals. Another protein from bovine and goat saliva seemed to preferentially bind to glass beads. These results suggest that salivary proteins may support olfaction and protect teeth of ruminants from mechanical and chemical destruction.

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Moosavi, Horieh, Marjaneh Ghavamnasiri, and Vahideh Manari. "Effect of Postoperative Bleaching on Marginal Leakage of Resin Composite and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Restorations at Different Delayed Periods of Exposure to Carbamide Peroxide." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 10, no. 6 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-10-6-1.

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Abstract Aim To evaluate the effect of dental bleaching with carbamide peroxide at different exposure times on the microleakage of resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer restorations after placement in extracted human teeth. Methods and Materials 120 Class V cavity preparations were placed at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of human teeth. Half of the cavities were restored with Filtek P60 resin composite(C) and the other half were restored with Fuji II LC resin-modified glass ionomer (G). Each group was randomly divided into four subgroups (n=15). Groups C1 and G1 were not bleached and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C to serve as control groups, while in Groups C2 and G2, C3 and G3, and C4 and G4 specimens were exposed to a 15% carbamide peroxide gel for one day, one week, and two weeks, respectively, following the placement of restorations. Microleakage was assessed using the dye penetration method. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests (p=0.05). Results The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference among all groups of composite or glass ionomer restorations with either enamel or dentinal margins with regard to microleakage (p>0.05). The Wilcoxon test revealed more marginal leakage in the enamel/ glass ionomer margins than the enamel/ composite margins (p<0.05). In comparisons within each group, the Wilcoxon test showed there was more microleakage in dentinal margins of composite restorations than in the enamel margins in the test groups (p<0.05). The dentinal margins of the glass ionomer in control groups showed more leakage than the enamel margins, but after the bleaching procedure all experimental groups showed statistically similar microleakage in both the enamel and dentinal margins (p>0.05). Conclusions Postoperative bleaching with carbamide peroxide could increase microleakage in the dentinal margins of composite and the enamel margins of resin-modified glass ionomer restorations. Clinical Significance Rebonding of resin composite restorations should be considered following bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide in order to reseal the margins. Resin-modified glass ionomer is not suitable as a filling material before bleaching because of its susceptibility to increased microleakage. Citation Moosavi H, Ghavamnasiri M, Manari V. Effect of Postoperative Bleaching on Marginal Leakage of Resin Composite and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Restorations at Different Delayed Periods of Exposure to Carbamide Peroxide. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2009 Nov; 10(6):009-016. Available from: http://www.thejcdp. com/journal/view/volume10-issue6-moosavi.

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Moosavi, Horieh, Marjaneh Ghavamnasiri, and Vahideh Manari. "Effect of Postoperative Bleaching on Marginal Leakage of Resin Composite and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Restorations at Different Delayed Periods of Exposure to Carbamide Peroxide." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 10, no. 6 (2009): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-10-6-9.

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Abstract Aim To evaluate the effect of dental bleaching with carbamide peroxide at different exposure times on the microleakage of resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer restorations after placement in extracted human teeth. Methods and Materials 120 Class V cavity preparations were placed at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of human teeth. Half of the cavities were restored with Filtek P60 resin composite(C) and the other half were restored with Fuji II LC resin-modified glass ionomer (G). Each group was randomly divided into four subgroups (n=15). Groups C1 and G1 were not bleached and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C to serve as control groups, while in Groups C2 and G2, C3 and G3, and C4 and G4 specimens were exposed to a 15% carbamide peroxide gel for one day, one week, and two weeks, respectively, following the placement of restorations. Microleakage was assessed using the dye penetration method. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests (p=0.05). Results The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference among all groups of composite or glass ionomer restorations with either enamel or dentinal margins with regard to microleakage (p>0.05). The Wilcoxon test revealed more marginal leakage in the enamel/ glass ionomer margins than the enamel/ composite margins (p<0.05). In comparisons within each group, the Wilcoxon test showed there was more microleakage in dentinal margins of composite restorations than in the enamel margins in the test groups (p<0.05). The dentinal margins of the glass ionomer in control groups showed more leakage than the enamel margins, but after the bleaching procedure all experimental groups showed statistically similar microleakage in both the enamel and dentinal margins (p>0.05). Conclusions Postoperative bleaching with carbamide peroxide could increase microleakage in the dentinal margins of composite and the enamel margins of resin-modified glass ionomer restorations. Clinical Significance Rebonding of resin composite restorations should be considered following bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide in order to reseal the margins. Resin-modified glass ionomer is not suitable as a filling material before bleaching because of its susceptibility to increased microleakage. Citation Moosavi H, Ghavamnasiri M, Manari V. Effect of Postoperative Bleaching on Marginal Leakage of Resin Composite and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Restorations at Different Delayed Periods of Exposure to Carbamide Peroxide. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2009 Nov; 10(6):009-016. Available from: http://www.thejcdp. com/journal/view/volume10-issue6-moosavi.

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Dincer, Banu, and Aslihan Ertan Erdinc. "A comparison between zinc polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cement in the orthodontic band cementation." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 26, no. 3 (April 1, 2002): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.26.3.r730148542380658.

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Fixed orthodontic appliances have been held responsible for demineralization and caries since the time they were first introduced. Zinc polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements are the primary materials used in band cementing. In this study, we evaluated the re-cementing frequencies, enamel demineralization and the degree of cement remains of the bands cemented with glass ionomer and zinc polycarboxylate cements. We have concluded that given the retentive properties and enamel decalcification degree, the glass ionomer cements are to be preferred by the orthodontist.

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Fallahzadeh, Farnoosh, Soolmaz Heidari, Farhood Najafi, Maryam Hajihasani, Nooshin Noshiri, and Neda F. Nazari. "Efficacy of a Novel Bioactive Glass-Polymer Composite for Enamel Remineralization following Erosive Challenge." International Journal of Dentistry 2022 (April 22, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6539671.

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Introduction. Dental caries is the most common cause of tooth loss. However, it can be stopped by enhancing remineralization. Fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) are among the most important remineralizing agents. Recent studies have used bioactive glass as a remineralizing agent in different forms. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a composite paste (prepared by mixing urethane polypropylene glycol oligomer with bioactive glass powder for easier application). Materials and Methods. Enamel disks were cut out of the buccal surface of extracted sound third molars. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 and underwent Vickers microhardness test. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM/EDS) were performed. All samples were immersed in a demineralizing solution for 14 days. The tests were then repeated. Next, bioactive glass paste, fluoride, and CPP-ACP were applied on the surface of the samples and they were then stored in an artificial saliva for 14 days. The tests were repeated again. The microhardness values were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test ( P < 0.05 ). Results. The microhardness of the bioactive glass group was significantly higher than that of other groups ( P < 0.05 ). XRD revealed an enamel structure more similar to sound enamel in the bioactive glass and CPP-ACP groups compared with the fluoride group. FESEM/EDS revealed higher hydroxyapatite deposition in the bioactive glass group than in the other two groups. Conclusions. All three remineralizing agents caused remineralization, but bioactive glass paste had a greater efficacy.

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Guo, Hong Yun, Kai Fang Xie, and Hua Wu Liu. "The Application of Enamel Material in the Jewelry Industry." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 2031–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.2031.

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Enamel jewelry is carefully manufactured using glaze and gold, silver, copper and other precious metals. The processing technologies refer to multidisciplinary knowledge, such as painting, engraving, padding, inlaying, metallurgy and glass melting. The history of enamel was reviewed and the current challenges of enamel jewelry industry were investigated. The key challenges of the enamel jewelry industry are listed as follows: the counterfeit products dominate the enamel market, high performance enamel glaze is currently unviable, the industry standards have not been proposed, and the manufacturing technique is too complicated to be implemented by machine at this stage.

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Rolim, FG, AF Sá, GWL Silva-Filho, A. de S. Brandim, and GC Vale. "Effect of High-Fluoride Dentifrice on Enamel Erosion Adjacent to Restorations In Vitro." Operative Dentistry 41, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/14-292-l.

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SUMMARY Aim: This in vitro study analyzed the antierosive potential of a high-fluoride dentifrice on enamel adjacent to restorations. Methods and Materials: Enamel blocks (6 × 6 × 3 mm) from bovine incisor teeth were restored with three different restorative materials (resin, conventional glass ionomer cement, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement) and treated with dentifrices containing 0, 1100, or 5000 ppm F. After restorative procedures, initial surface Vickers hardness of the blocks were obtained. The specimens were submitted to pH cycles (4 × 90 seconds in soft drink) and treatments for five days. Between the challenges and overnight, the blocks remained in artificial saliva. At the end of the experiment, the final hardness was assessed and the percentage of surface mineral loss (%SML) was calculated. A 3 × 3 factorial design was used to conduct statistical analysis. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and t-test, with significance level fixed at 5%. Results: High-fluoride dentifrice decreased demineralization caused by erosive challenge regardless of the restorative material used (p<0.001). Likewise, the blocks restored with conventional glass ionomer cement showed lower values of SML irrespective of dentifrice used (p<0.001). Conclusion: Use of a high-fluoride dentifrice on teeth restored with conventional glass ionomer cement offers additional protection against enamel erosion.

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Kang, Eun-Tae, Jong-Po Kim, Yong-Hyun Cho, and Seon-Mi Park. "Composition-property Relationships of Enamel Glass for Low Carbon Steel." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 50, no. 3 (May 31, 2013): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2013.50.3.186.

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