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Journal articles on the topic 'Glass doping'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Gao, Zhou, Xing Jiang, Xingbo Wang, Yongji Chen, Jian Liu, Haibiao Chen, Yuan Lin, and Feng Pan. "Rare-earth element doping in glass frit for improved performance in silicon solar cells." Functional Materials Letters 12, no. 06 (December 2019): 1950080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604719500802.

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Glass frit plays an important role in the silver paste for silicon solar cells. In this work, we prepare glass frit doped with different rare-earth elements (Y, La, Sm, Er) and study how the doping element affects the performance of the solar cells. Solar cells with La-doped and Sm-doped glass frits show average conversion efficiencies higher than 17.5%, while solar cells with Y-doped or Er-doped frit show lower efficiencies. By analyzing the Raman spectra of the rare-earth doped glass frits, we find that the average coordination number of Te–O ([Formula: see text]) in the glass can be tuned by the rare-earth dopant. La or Sm doping leads to a moderate value of [Formula: see text], which is believed to achieve a glass formation ability that optimizes the structure of the Ag–Si interface of the cell for the best performance.
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2

Filipowski, Wojciech, Kazimierz Drabczyk, Edyta Wróbel, Piotr Sobik, Krzysztof Waczynski, and Natalia Waczynska-Niemiec. "Borosilicate spray-on glass solutions for fabrication silicon solar cell back surface field." Microelectronics International 35, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-12-2017-0075.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a method of preparing spray-on dopant solutions that enable obtaining a p+ region forming a back-surface field (BSF) during the diffusion doping process. The spray-on method used allows to decrease the costs of dopant solution application, which is particularly significant for new low-cost production processes. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents steps of production of high concentration boron dopant solutions enabling diffusion doping of crystalline p-type silicon surfaces. To check the fabricated dopant solutions for stability and suitability for spray-on application, their viscosity and density were measured in week-long intervals. The dopant solutions described in this paper were used in a series of diffusion doping processes to confirm their suitability for BSF production. Findings A method of preparing dopant solutions with parameters enabling depositing them on silicon wafers by the spray-on method has been established. Due to hygroscopic properties of the researched dopant solutions, a maximum surrounding atmosphere humidity has been established. The solutions should not be applied by the spray-on method, if this humidity value is exceeded. The conducted derivatographic examination enabled establishing optimal drying conditions. Originality/value The paper presents a new composition of a dopant solution which contains high concentration of boron and may be applied by the spray-on method. Derivatographic examination results, as well as equations describing the relation between dopant solution density and viscosity and storage time are also original for this research. The established dependencies between the sheet resistance of the fabricated BSF and the diffusion doping time are other new elements described in the paper.
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3

Men, H., S. J. Pang, and T. Zhang. "Effect of Er doping on glass-forming ability of Co50Cr15Mo14C15B6 alloy." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 958–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0109.

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Bulk glass formation of the Co–Cr–Mo–C–B–Er alloy system was investigated in this paper. The Co50Cr15Mo14C15B6 (at.%) alloy could be cast into fully glassy rod with a diameter up to 2 mm. By adding 2 at.% Er to this alloy, the critical diameter for glass formation reached 10 mm. The excellent glass formability of the Er-doped alloy was mainly attributed to its relatively large reduced glass transition temperature of 0.61, near-eutectic composition, and the necessity of redistribution of the Er atoms for precipitation of crystalline Co6Mo6C phase in the undercooled liquid on cooling.
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4

Chanthima, Natthakridta, Thanapong Sareein, Yaowaluk Tariwong, Jakrapong Kaewkhao, and Narong Sangwaranatee. "Investigations on Luminescence Properties of Ce3+ Ion Doped Bismuth Borophosphate Glasses." Applied Mechanics and Materials 879 (March 2018): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.879.22.

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Bismuth borophosphate glasses containing different doping cerium oxide have been synthesized at 1200 °C by melt-quenching technique. The doping concentration of the Ce3+ was varied from 0.05 mol% to 2.0 mol%. The glass samples were characterized through optical absorption and luminescence spectral measurements. UV-visible and near infrared absorption spectra of glass samples were not observed nevertheless the absorption edge was shift to the longer wavelength. The photoluminescence and radioluminescence spectra show emission bands around 367 nm under 317 nm excitation wavelength. Also, the highest emission intensity was found at 0.5 mol% CeF3 dopant for both of photoluminescence and radioluminescence.
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5

Fernández-Rodríguez, Laura, Rolindes Balda, Joaquín Fernández, Alicia Durán, and María Jesús Pascual. "Role of Eu2+ and Dy3+ Concentration in the Persistent Luminescence of Sr2MgSi2O7 Glass-Ceramics." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 23, 2022): 3068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093068.

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In this study, glass-ceramics based on Sr2MgSi2O7 phosphor co-doped with Eu/Dy were obtained from the sintering and crystallisation of glass powders. The glasses were melted in a gas furnace to simulate an industrial process, and the dopant concentration was varied to optimise the luminescence persistence times. The doped parent glasses showed red emission under UV light excitation due to the doping of Eu3+ ions, while the corresponding glass-ceramics showed persistent blue emission corresponding to the presence of Eu2+ in the crystalline environment. The dopant concentration had a strong impact on the sintering/crystallisation kinetics affecting the final glass-ceramic microstructure. The microstructures and morphology of the crystals responsible for the blue emission were observed by scanning electron microscopy–cathodoluminescence. The composition of the crystallised phases and the distribution of rare-earth (RE) ions in the crystals and in the residual glassy phase were determined by X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The emission and persistence of phosphorescence were studied by photoluminescence.
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6

He, Ming, Shu Ren Zhang, Xiao Hua Zhou, Jian Geng Hu, Ting Zhang, and Bo Li. "Dielectric and Sintering Properties of the Doping CaO-B2O3-SiO2 System Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (March 2010): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.371.

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. A doping CaO-B2O3-SiO2 system low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) was prepared with a mixture of high temperature melting glass and sol-gel glass for different ratio. The effects of sol-gel glass content on the microstructure, crystalline phases, sintering properties and dielectric properties of CaO-B2O3-SiO2 system were investigated at 850°C. The results show that the samples with sol-gel glass doping had little change in phase composition, but contained more calcium silicates, and less calcium borate. As the amount of sol-gel glass increased, the shrinkage improved, the sintered density slightly decreased, the dielectric constant (εr) reduced, and the dielectric loss (tgδ) decreased. When the amount of sol-gel glass was 14.5wt%, εr and tgδ of the doping sample were 5.80, 4.6×10-5 (at 1 MHz), respectively. Moreover, the doping system had a good matching ability with gold slurry and Au-Pt-Pd slurry.
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7

Arifin, Ramli, S. Akmar Roslan, M. R. Sahar, S. K. Ghoshal, and K. Hamzah. "Thermal and Structural Properties of Erbium/Neodymium Co-Doped Lithium-Magnesium-Tellurite Glass." Advanced Materials Research 1107 (June 2015): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.466.

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Detailed characterizations of inorganic glasses via optimized rare earth doping/co-doping are challenging. Tellurite glasses with composition (78-x)TeO2-10Li2O-10MgO-2Nd2O3-xEr2O3, (where x = 0.4 to 2.0 mol%) are prepared by melt-quenching technique. The effects of Er2O3 concentration on the thermal stability and structural properties are examined. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the glassy nature of all samples. The temperature of glass transition (Tg), crystallization (Tc), melting (Tm) and the difference (Tc-Tg) are determined by differential thermal analyser (DTA). The values of Tc, Tg and Tm are found to vary in the range of 419-430 °C, 300-345 °C and 885-890 °C, respectively. The glass sample with 0.4 mol% Er2O3 shows highest thermal stability. The FTIR spectra measured in the range of 400 - 4000 cm1 exhibits two major absorption peaks around 1600 - 3600 cm1 and 900 - 1200 cm1 assigned to the stretching vibrational mode of OH and Te-OH respectively. Improvements in the optical and thermal properties due to co-doping may be useful for the development of tellurite glass based photonics.
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8

Liu, Hao, Yongchang Zhu, Jichuan Huo, Zhu Cui, Xingquan Zhang, Qin Jiang, Debo Yang, and Baojian Meng. "Effect of P2O5 and Na2O on the Solubility of Molybdenum and Structural Features in Borosilicate Glass." Materials 15, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 5464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155464.

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In this paper, the effect of doping phosphorus in a borosilicate glass matrix to improve the solubility of Mo was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the effectiveness of Na content on P species inhibiting the growth of the crystallization of Mo was assessed. The results indicate that phosphate-doped borosilicate glass can host 4 mol% of Mo, and that such a borosilicate glass matrix could only accommodate 1 mol% of Mo without phosphate doping. The effectiveness of phosphorus may be correlated with the Na content in borosilicate glass, and a high Na content borosilicate glass matrix requires more P doping to accommodate Mo. In addition, incorporating large amounts of P can compromise the aqueous durability of the glass matrix.
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9

Gao, Zhigang, Xiaosong Lu, Yushi Chu, Shu Guo, Lu Liu, Yinyao Liu, Shiyu Sun, Jing Ren, and Jun Yang. "The distribution of rare earth ions in a γ-Ga2O3 nanocrystal-silicate glass composite and its influence on the photoluminescence properties." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 12 (2018): 2944–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc00325d.

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The partitioning of rare earth ions (REs: Yb3+, Er3+, Eu3+ and Nd3+) in γ-Ga2O3 nanocrystals (NCs) precipitated in a nanostructured silicate glass ceramic is revealed, and the enrichment of REs in the NCs (bulk doping) rather than on the interfaces between the NCs and the surrounding glassy phase (surface doping) is differentiated.
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10

Xu, Xing Jun, Yun Long Yue, Hai Tao Zhang, and Zhao Du. "Effect of MgO on Structure and Properties of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass System." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.531.

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CaO-Al2O3-SiO2system glasses with MgO were prepared by melt quenching. The glass structure was characterized by Infrared spectra (IR) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Dielectric properties, devitrification and chemical durability have been studied. IR spectra and DTA indicated that glass network structure change by doping MgO. The glass chemical improved and dielectric constant decreased after doping with MgO. The glass shows a severe tendency of phase separation.
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11

Çavdar, Sükrü, Emre Deniz, Haluk Koralay, Neslihan Turan, Ahmet Tolga Taşçı, and Özgür Öztürk. "THE NUCLEATION EFFECT OF PbSe ADDITIVE ON Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oδ GLASS CERAMICS." Steklo i Keramika, no. 2 (2022): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/glc.2022.02.pp.047-048.

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The crystallisation kinetics and effects of doping on Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oδ (BSCCO) glass ceramic system with 0.0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 % PbSe were investigated in this study. Using differential thermal analysis (DTA), the effects of PbSe doping on glass transition, nucleation and crystallisation temperature of glass were investigated. The DTA results were analysed using the Ozawa, Augis–Bennett, Takhor and Kissinger equations for nucleation kinetics to uncover the activation energies and Avrami parameters. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the amount of oxidation in the structure increased with increasing PbSe-doping concentration.
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12

Hoppe, M. L., and B. A. Vermillion. "High-Z Doping of Glass Shells." Fusion Science and Technology 55, no. 4 (May 2009): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst09-a7427.

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13

Moakes, Greg, Lawrence A. Bottomley, and Jiri Janata. "Doping of Glass with Lithium Ion." Analytical Chemistry 77, no. 4 (February 2005): 1106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac048707h.

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14

Anbarasi, M., V. Nagarethinam, and A. Balu. "Investigations on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of undoped and nanosized Zn-doped CdS thin films prepared by a simplified spray technique." Materials Science-Poland 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 652–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13536-014-0244-7.

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AbstractCdS and Zn-doped CdS (CdS:Zn) thin films have been deposited on glass substrates by spray pyrolysis technique using a perfume atomizer. The influence of Zn incorporation on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of the films has been studied. All the films exhibit hexagonal phase with (0 0 2) as preferential orientation. A shift of the (0 0 2) diffraction peak towards higher diffraction angle is observed with increased Zn doping. The optical studies confirmed that the transparency increases as Zn doping level increases and the film coated with 2 at.% Zn doping has the maximum transmittance of about 90 %. The sheet resistance (Rsh) decreases as the Zn-doping level increases and a minimum value of 1.113 × 103 Ω/sq is obtained for the film coated with 8 at.% Zn dopant. The CdS film coated with 8 at.% Zn dopant has the best structural, morphological and electrical properties.
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15

Kamada, Kai, Shintaro Udo, and Yasumichi Matsumoto. "Pinpoint Silver Doping into Borosilicate Glass by Solid Oxide Electrochemical Doping." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 5, no. 1 (2002): J1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1423804.

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16

Susilawati, Susilawati, Aris Doyan, Lalu Muliyadi, and Syamsul Hakim. "Growth of Tin Oxide Thin Film by Aluminum and Fluorine Doping Using Spin Coating Sol-Gel Techniques." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 6, no. 1 (October 14, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v6i1.264.

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Abstract: The growth of tin oxide thin film by Aluminum doping and Fluorine has been carried out with the sol-gel spin coating technique. The growth aims to determine the quality of the thin layer formed based on variations in doping aluminum and fluorine. The basic ingredients used were SnCl2.2H2O, while the doping materials used were Al (Aluminium) and F (Fluorine) with variations in dopant concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25)%. The growth of a thin layer using measured glass (10x10x 3) mm as a substrate. The growth of thin films includes substrate preparation, sol-gel making, thin film making, and heating processes. The growth of thin layer was dripped on a glass substrate with sol-gel spin coating technique at 1 M sol concentration and treated with maturation for 24 hours. The next step is making a thin layer using a spin coater at a speed of 2000 rpm for 3 minutes. After that, the substrate is heated in an oven at 100°C for 60 minutes. The results showed that the transparency level of the tin oxide layer increases with increasing amounts of doping Aluminum and fluorine. Key words: Aluminum, Fluorine, Sol-gel, Spin Coating, Thin Film, Tin Oxide
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17

Bitay, Enikő, Irén Kacsó, and Erzsébet Veress. "Chemical Durability of Uranium Oxide Containing Glasses." Acta Materialia Transilvanica 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amt-2018-0004.

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Abstract ZrO2 doped Na-Ba-borosilicate glasses suitable as matrix materials for HLW immobilization were synthesized and corrosion behaviour was investigated in different aqueous media. Hydrolytic stability is increased with the doping level until 5 mol %; above this value the glass vitrification tendency is strongly intensified. Unexpectedly, ZrO2 doping diminished the corrosion stability in 1M HCl solution, and low ZrO2 content showed a low corrosion resistance in 1M Na2CO3 solution also. Doping effect was negligible in case of synthetic seawater. The glass structure is significantly stabilized by the integration of the 30% UO3 added.
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18

Yoo, Woo Sik, Richard Swope, Barbara Sparks, and David Mordo. "Comparison of C2F6 and FASi-4 as fluorine dopant sources in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited fluorinated silica glass films." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 1 (January 1997): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0012.

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Fluorine doping of silicon dioxide films in tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS)-based plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) processes was investigated using two fluorine dopant sources, C2F6 and 1,2 bis[methyldifluorosilyl]ethane (FASi-4). Much as TEOS-based undoped silica glass (USG) films display improved step coverage over silane-based USG films, it was suspected that fluorinated silica glass (FSG) films deposited using the relatively new TEOS-based fluorine source FASi-4 might have improved gap fill capabilities as compared to FSG films deposited using gas-based C2F6 fluorine sources. The physical properties and intermetal gap filling capabilities of FSG films deposited using FASi-4 as a fluorine dopant source were compared with the properties of FSG films deposited using C2F6 as a fluorine source. Fluorine dopant levels in the films were found to be linear functions of C2F6TEOS and FASi-4yTEOS ratios. The RI, film stress, and gap fill capability were found to be strongly dependent on the Si–F content in the film regardless of dopant source reagents. Improved gap fill characteristics were observed in films doped with FASi-4 at a given Si–F/Si–O% as compared to C2F6-based FSG films. Dopant source dependence of doping characteristics, physical properties, and gap filling capability of FSG films is reported.
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19

Poulain, G., D. Blanc, A. Focsa, J. Gibier, E. Fourmond, B. Bazer-Bachi, B. Semmache, Y. Pellegrin, and M. Lemiti. "Selective Laser Doping From Boron Silicate Glass." Energy Procedia 27 (2012): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.07.093.

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20

MASSERA, JONATHAN, LAETICIA PETIT, JOONA KOPONEN, BENOIT GLORIEUX, LEENA HUPA, and MIKKO HUPA. "Er3+–Al2O3 nanoparticles doping of borosilicate glass." Bulletin of Materials Science 38, no. 5 (September 2015): 1407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12034-015-1028-3.

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21

Ohara, Yuki, Akira Hinokimoto, Wenqian Chen, Takashi Kitao, Yusuke Nishiyama, You-lee Hong, Susumu Kitagawa, and Satoshi Horike. "Formation of coordination polymer glass by mechanical milling: dependence on metal ions and molecular doping for H+ conductivity." Chemical Communications 54, no. 50 (2018): 6859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc02399a.

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22

Pongkrapan, Sorapong, S. Yamban, Krit Won-In, Pisutti Dararutana, and N. Sirikulrat. "Optical, Dielectric and X-Ray Absorption Properties of Soda-Based Glass Fabricated from Thai Quartz Sands Doped with Iron Oxide." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.385.

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Soda-based glass samples were fabricated in a laboratory scale using quartz sands that was a by-product of feldspar floatation in Tak Province, northern Thailand, and 25-wt% commercial-grade Na2CO3 as the main compositions. Fe2O3 of 0.1 to 10.0 wt% concentrations was doped into the glass mixture. Well-mixed and dried powders were melted in a ceramic crucible for 6 h at 1250°C using an electric furnace. Transparent and bubble-free glass samples were obtained as results. It was found that Fe2O3 dopant turned the otherwise colorless glass to dark brown. Dielectric property and physical properties, such as, color, specific gravity, and refractive index of the glass samples were studied. The samples’ dielectric constant, specific gravity, and refractive index increased with increasing Fe2O3 doping concentration. UV-VIS-NIR and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectra were measured and discussed.
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23

Li, Cheng, Wen Qi He, Xu Yang Zhang, Hong Jiang, Chang Jiu Li, Lin Yu, and Yang Shen. "Effect of Nd2O3 Addition on Crystallization Behavior of Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 Glass-Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.56.

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Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics doped with Nd2O3 were prepared by the melting method. The effects of Nd2O3 on the crystallization behavior of Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics were studied by DTA, XRD and SEM. With the increase of Nd2O3 content, the glass crystallization temperature arised. The SEM result indicates that the main crystal phase of Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics doped with Nd2O3 is β-quartz solid solution, for without doping Nd2O3 it is β-spodumene solid solution. These results shows that the crystallization temperature increases significantly by doping Nd2O3, and phase transition from β-quartz to β-spodumene is suppressed. The grain size increases with the increase of Nd2O3 content.
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24

Arini, Tri, Latifa Hanum Lalasari, Lia Andriyah, Gennady Fahmi, and F. Firdiyono. "UTILIZATION OF INDONESIAN LOCAL STANNIC CHLORIDE (SnCl4) PRECURSOR IN THE PROCESS OF MAKING FLUORINE- DOPED TIN OXIDE (FTO) CONDUCTIVE GLASS." Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia 20, no. 2 (January 31, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2019.20.2.5469.

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UTILIZATION OF INDONESIAN LOCAL STANNIC CHLORIDE (SnCl4) PRECURSOR IN THE PROCESS OF MAKING FLUORINE-DOPED TIN OXIDE (FTO) CONDUCTIVE GLASS. Thin layer of fluorine- doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass has been deposited on a glass substrate heated at a temperature of 350°C using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis nebulizer method with variations in fluorine doping and substrate temperatures. This experiment uses the raw material of Indonesian local stannic chloride (SnCl4) (PT Timah Industri) as a precursor with a temperature variation of 250, 300, 350, 400°C. The structure and morphology of the optical and electrical properties of all the thin layers have been examined. XRD results show that all thin layers have a tetragonal crystal structure. In this experiment, there is a significant influence on the role of fluorine doping on resistivity and transmittance values. With the addition of 2% wt doping, the resistivity and transmittance values decrease. The optimum value is obtained by doping 2 wt%, substrate temperature of 350°C with a resistivity value of 9.28.10-5 Ω.cm and transmittance value of 88%.
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25

Bouchard, H., A. Azelmad, J. F. Currie, and M. Meunier. "Variation de la contrainte des verres de silice sous cycle thermique." Canadian Journal of Physics 70, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1992): 830–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p92-131.

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Using an in situ technique, stress was measured as a function of annealing temperature to investigate the effect of phosphorous and boron doping of silicon dioxide glass films deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). It was found that the initial stress of phosphosilicate glass is independent of the amount of phosphorus present, while the boron content influences the initial stress in borophosphosilicate glass. The stress increases to a maximum, σm, corresponding to a temperature Tm, above which the onset of viscous flow reduces the stress to zero at a temperature T0. All these parameters are dependant on dopant concentrations. The observed mechanical behavior is discussed in terms of film viscosity.
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26

Kuznetsov, Vladimir G., Anton A. Gavrikov, Milos Krbal, Vladimir A. Trepakov, and Alexander V. Kolobov. "Amorphous As2S3 Doped with Transition Metals: An Ab Initio Study of Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties." Nanomaterials 13, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13050896.

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Crystalline transition-metal chalcogenides are the focus of solid state research. At the same time, very little is known about amorphous chalcogenides doped with transition metals. To close this gap, we have studied, using first principle simulations, the effect of doping the typical chalcogenide glass As2S3 with transition metals (Mo, W and V). While the undoped glass is a semiconductor with a density functional theory gap of about 1 eV, doping results in the formation of a finite density of states (semiconductor-to-metal transformation) at the Fermi level accompanied by an appearance of magnetic properties, the magnetic character depending on the nature of the dopant. Whilst the magnetic response is mainly associated with d-orbitals of the transition metal dopants, partial densities of spin-up and spin-down states associated with arsenic and sulphur also become slightly asymmetric. Our results demonstrate that chalcogenide glasses doped with transition metals may become a technologically important material.
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27

Chen, Daqin, Yue Liu, Changbin Yang, Jiasong Zhong, Su Zhou, Jiangkun Chen, and Hai Huang. "Promoting photoluminescence quantum yields of glass-stabilized CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots through fluorine doping." Nanoscale 11, no. 37 (2019): 17216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr07307h.

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28

Licurgo, J. S. C., G. R. de Almeida Neto, and H. R. Paes Junior. "Structural, electrical and optical properties of copper-doped zinc oxide films deposited by spray pyrolysis." Cerâmica 66, no. 379 (September 2020): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132020663792877.

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Abstract The effect of copper doping on structural, electrical, and optical properties of zinc oxide films was evaluated. Copper-doped films (ZnO:Cu) were successfully deposited on a glass substrate by spray pyrolysis at doping levels of 0, 2.5, and 7.5 at% (ZnO, ZC2.5, ZC7.5). All films were polycrystalline, single-phase with ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure. The films presented nanostructured crystallites, from 36.7 to 38.2 nm. Cu doping increased the electrical conductivity of the ZnO films; this change was proportional to the Cu concentration. The films presented high optical transmittance of 70-80% in the visible wavelength. The energy gap decreased upon Cu doping. The photoluminescence spectrum of all films displayed an intense ultraviolet emission and a weaker blue emission. The emissions shifted to lower wavelengths with increasing dopant concentrations. ZC7.5 presented the most promising properties for an application as transparent conducting oxide: intense optical transmittance and UV photoluminescence, also the lowest electrical resistivity.
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29

Hoskeri, Priya A., Gayathri A. G., Ayachit N. H., and Joseph C. M. "Iodine Doping Studies on Nonannealed Perylene 3,4,9,10-Tetra Carboxylic Dianhydride/Cobalt Phthalocyanine Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells." International Journal of Green Nanotechnology 1 (January 1, 2013): 194308921350702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1943089213507021.

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Perylene 3,4,9,10-tetra carboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) thin films find a lot of optoelectronic applications. In this work, thin films of PTCDA were deposited using vacuum evaporation technique onto clean glass substrates and the variation in conductivity, optical bandgap and percentage transmission due to iodine doping for different time intervals are discussed. To study the doping effects on devices, organic solar cells based on cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc)/PTCDA as active layers on indium tin oxide–coated glass substrates were fabricated and characterized to evaluate the solar cell parameters. It was found that doping with iodine considerably increases the power conversion efficiency of the solar cells.
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Kaphle, Amrit, Travis Reed, Allen Apblett, and Parameswar Hari. "Doping Efficiency in Cobalt-Doped ZnO Nanostructured Materials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (April 24, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7034620.

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Nanostructured ZnO thin films doped with cobalt from 5% to 20% were grown on glass substrates by a low-temperature chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. We compared the doping efficiency of incorporating cobalt in ZnO nanostructured samples doped with cobalt via cobalt nitrate and cobalt chloride. The concentration of cobalt incorporated into the ZnO matrix was precisely determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that only at a 0.1 M ratio of the precursor solutions in CBD using cobalt nitrate as a dopant, the morphology of ZnO yielded hexagonally shaped nanorods. At a 1 M ratio of the precursor solutions, SEM images showed that the morphology of ZnO was nanoplatelets at all doping levels, irrespective of the doping method used. The synthesized nanostructures retained the wurtzite hexagonal structure only at 0.1 M precursor solution using cobalt nitrate doping, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. In cobalt-doped samples using cobalt chloride as a dopant, XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a Simonkolleite structure. At 300°C, the Simonkolleite structure was converted to a wurtzite structure without changing the morphology. Electrical conductivity measurements at 300 K showed that ZnO nanorods doped with cobalt using cobalt nitrate yielded the lowest resistivity. The molarity of the precursor solution and dopant was found to have a substantial impact on the morphology and doping efficiency of the ZnO nanostructures.
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ZHANG, A. M., W. H. ZHU, X. S. WU, and Q. BIAN. "SPIN-FRUSTRATED EFFECT AND THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES IN YMn1-xAlxO3." Modern Physics Letters B 27, no. 22 (August 20, 2013): 1350163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984913501637.

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Polycrystalline samples YMn 1-x Al x O 3 with different Al doping concentration were synthesized by standard solid-state reaction. Effect of Al doping on the magnetic properties was studied. Magnetization measurements show that the magnetization increases, while the calculated frustration factor decreases with the doping content of Al 3+ ion increasing. And the spin-glass behavior becomes more and more obvious with increasing the Al doping content. These results were ascribed to the broken exchange path between Mn ions by Al doping.
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32

Cao, Lixiao, Yao Zhou, Jianxing Zhao, Hongfei Song, and Jianhong Zhou. "Effect of Ag Doping on Photobleaching in Ge28Sb12Se60 Chalcogenide Films." Coatings 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111760.

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Chalcogenide glass is an optical material with excellent mid-infrared and far-infrared penetration properties. The silver-doped Ge28Sb12Se60 (GSS) chalcogenide films in this paper were deposited on a glass substrate by the co-evaporation technique. A continuous laser with different power outputs was then used to scan the glass material at a constant speed, and the photobleaching (PB) effects were observed using optical microscopy. The results show that silver doping can speed up the PB of GSS film only under high-power laser irradiation. While silver doping helps to speed up the PB effect, it also increases the risk of film damage. This study is beneficial in the development of embedded optical waveguide structures.
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Chen, Da Qin, Yuan Sheng Wang, and Yun Long Yu. "Upconversion Emission of Infrared Excited Er3+-Doped Transparent Glass Ceramics Containing CaF2 Nano-Crystals." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1846–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1846.

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Upconversion luminescence of Er3+-doped SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-NaF-CaF2 transparent glass ceramics under 980 nm excitation was investigated. XRD and TEM experiments revealed the homogeneous distribution of CaF2 nano-crystals among the glassy matrix. Intense red upconversion signal was recorded and its intensity increased with the increasing of heating temperature and Er3+-doping level at the range of 0.1 to 1.0 mol%. When Er3+ doping reached 2 mol%, the concentration quenching effect appeared. All these results could be due to the incorporation of Er3+ ions into precipitated CaF2 nano-crystals. The quadratic pump power dependence of the upconversion luminescence intensity indicated that the transition mechanism of the red emission was due to two-photon absorption processes.
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34

Filipowski, Wojciech, Edyta Wrobel, Kazimierz Drabczyk, Krzysztof Waczynski, Grazyna Kulesza-Matlak, and Marek Lipinski. "Spray-on glass solution for fabrication silicon solar cell emitter layer." Microelectronics International 34, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-12-2016-0089.

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Purpose The main aim of this study was a preparation development of dopant solution (DS) which can be deposited by a spray-on method and subsequently allows obtaining the n+ emitter layer with surface resistance in the range of 65-80 Ω−1. The intention of chosen spray-on method was to gain a cheaper way of dopant source deposition, compared to the commonly used methods, which is of particular importance for the new low-cost production processes. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents the sequence in producing a spray-on glass solution (DS) with very high concentration of phosphorus, which allows to perform diffusion doping at relatively low temperatures. DS contained deionized water, ethyl alcohol, tetraethoxysilane and othophosphoric acid. Findings The sequence in producing a DS was performed with respect to enabling the application to silicon wafers by spray-on method. Furthermore, the equations defined density and viscosity of DS in term of storage time were referred to determine the possibility of applying this solution by spray-on method. Besides, the dependence of the emitter surface resistance on the doping (diffusion) time was determined. Accordingly, optimal process conditions were specified. Originality/value The paper presents a new, so far unpublished composition of DS with very high concentration of phosphorus, which can be applied using a spray-on method. Moreover, original are also investigations respecting some properties of obtained DS relative to storage time.
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35

M.A, Raghda, and Firas A. Najim. "Structural, Electrical and Sensing properties of Cd-doped ZnTe thin films, prepared by thermal evaporation method." Journal of Kufa-Physics 14, no. 02 (December 17, 2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2022/140204.

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This study concentrates on the examination of the functional, electrical, and sensing qualities of ZnTe thin films that were prepared by the thermal evaporation method, with a thickness of 300 nm deposited on glass bases prior to annealing at a temperature of (350ºC). The influence of doping with cadmium (7%) on the structural, electrical, and sensing properties of dopant films was also investigated. The results of XRD showed that the pure and doped films were polycrystalline and cubic. According to the findings of the electrical properties of this study, the specific resistance decreases with increasing temperature. It was found that the sensitivity of ZnTe films rises upon doping and annealing, so the sensitivity was calculated.
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36

Tresnakova, Pavlina, Jarmila Spirkova, Stanislav Rubas, Zdenek Sofer, and Jiri Oswald. "Porous glass doping by Er3+ for photonics applications." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 18, S1 (April 3, 2007): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-007-9237-1.

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37

Świontek, Szymon, Marcin Środa, and Wojciech Gieszczyk. "Ceramics, Glass and Glass-Ceramics for Personal Radiation Detectors." Materials 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 5987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14205987.

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Different types of ceramics and glass have been extensively investigated due to their application in brachytherapy, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine diagnosis, radioisotope power systems, radiation processing of food, geological and archaeological dating methods. This review collects the newest experimental results on the thermoluminescent (TL) properties of crystalline and glassy materials. The comparison of the physico-chemical properties shows that glassy materials could be a promising alternative for dosimetry purposes. Furthermore, the controlled process of crystallization can enhance the thermoluminescent properties of glasses. On the other hand, the article presents information on the ranges of the linear response to the dose of ionizing radiation and on the temperature positions of the thermoluminescent peaks depending on the doping concentration with rare-earth elements for crystalline and glassy materials. Additionally, the stability of dosimetric information storage (fading) and the optimal concentration of admixtures that cause the highest thermoluminescent response for a given type of the material are characterized. The influence of modifiers addition, i.e., rare-earth elements on the spectral properties of borate and phosphate glasses is described.
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38

Periyat, Pradeepan, Binu Naufal, and Sanjay Gopal Ullattil. "A Review on High Temperature Stable Anatase TiO2 Photocatalysts." Materials Science Forum 855 (May 2016): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.855.78.

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This review focuses on the recent developments of high temperature stable anatase TiO2 photocatalyst. Eventhough TiO2 exists in different forms anatase, rutile and brookite, anatase phase stabilization is often the key to obtain the highest photocatalytic performance for TiO2, particularly for the use as an antibacterial and self-cleaning coatings in high temperature processed ceramics. Different methods available for the anatase stabilization in literature are critically reviewed and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments. Currently available methods of anatase stabilizations are classified in to four categories viz (i) doping with metal ions (ii) doping with non-metal ions (iii) co-doping with metal and non-metal ions and (iv) dopant free stabilization by oxygen richness. Further to this, the application of these high temperature stabilized anatase TiO2 photocatalyst on various ceramics substrates such as tile, glass and sanitary wares as self-cleaning and antibacterial coatings are also been briefly discussed.
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39

Hong, Li, Hua Ning, and Ye Qing. "Microstructure and Luminescent Properties of the YAG: Ce Phosphor-Doped Glass of the P2O5-ZnO-SiO2 System." Key Engineering Materials 509 (April 2012): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.509.288.

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Lminescent glass is widely used in building, energy saving, emergency lighting and art crafts; The energy consumption for global illumination is rising year by year, and the energy consumption has become a global problem; the research of luminescent glass is important for the developing of the energy-saving light. In this paper, the glass of the P2O5-ZnO-SiO2 system was used as matrix material, the matrix material was doped with yttrium aluminum garnet crystals containing Ce (YAG:Ce phosphors) and then were sintered for the preparation of the luminescent glass. Using X-ray diffraction and fluorescence spectrometer, the effects of the doping quantity, sintering temperature and sintering time on luminescent properties were studied. The results show that, for the P2O5-ZnO-SiO2 glass, excitation at 340 nm and 468 nm, produced emission at 544 nm; Doping quantity, sintering temperature and sintering time affect intensity of emission peak, but do not affect the position of emission peak.
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40

Fayzullin, Ilnur Z., Ildar N. Musin, Svetoslav Isaakovich Volfson, and Anton A. Nikiforov. "Glass-Filled Wood-Polymer Composites Based on Polypropylene." Key Engineering Materials 816 (August 2019): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.816.197.

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This paper describes the study on the influence of glass spheres on physicochemical and service properties of wood-polymer composites (WPC) based on polypropylene. The main objective of doping WPC with glass spheres was to reduce density of composites maintaining their service properties.
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41

Min Qian, Min Qian, Jimeng Cheng Jimeng Cheng, and Lili Hu Lili Hu. "Dependence of spectroscopic properties on doping content and temperature of bismuth-doped lanthanum aluminosilicate glass." Chinese Optics Letters 10, no. 11 (2012): 111602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201210.111602.

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42

Dimesso, L., I. Matsubara, T. Ogura, R. Funahashi, H. Yamashita, and A. Tampieri. "Effect of additional elements in the glass precursor on the growth of the Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu2Ox whiskers." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 10 (October 1994): 2501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.2501.

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The effect of the doping on the growth and superconducting properties of whiskers in the Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–X–O system (where X = Na, B, Ga, and Pb, respectively), prepared by heating a glassy melt-quenched plate in flowing oxygen, is reported. The thermal behavior of the glassy samples (studied by DTA, XRD, and SEM techniques) was found to be dependent on the dopant as well as on its concentration. The Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (2212 phase) whiskers were grown only from the Ga-doped system annealed at 855 °C. The dependence of the mechanism of the whiskers' growth on the dopant is also discussed.
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43

Kamil, Suraya Ahmad, and Gin Jose. "Effect of Substrate Temperature on Morphological, Structural, and Optical Properties of Doped Layer on SiO2-on-Silicon and Si3N4-on-Silicon Substrate." Nanomaterials 12, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12060919.

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A high concentration of Er3+ without clustering issues is essential in an Er-doped waveguide amplifier as it is needed to produce a high gain and low noise signal. Ultrafast laser plasma doping is a technique that facilitates the blending of femtosecond laser-produced plasma from an Er-doped TeO2 glass with a substrate to form a high Er3+ concentration layer. The influence of substrate temperature on the morphological, structural, and optical properties was studied and reported in this paper. Analysis of the doped substrates using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that temperatures up to approximately 400 °C are insufficient for the incoming plasma plume to modify the strong covalent bonds of silica (SiO2), and the doping process could not take place. The higher temperature used caused the materials from Er-doped tellurite glass to diffuse deeper (except Te with smaller concentration) into silica, which created a thicker film. SEM images showed that Er-doped tellurite glass was successfully diffused in the Si3N4. However, the doping was not as homogeneous as in silica.
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44

R.W. Ahmad, W., M. H. Mamat, A. S. Zoolfakar, Z. Khusaimi, M. M. Yusof, A. S. Ismail, S. A. Saidi, and M. Rusop. "The Effects of Sn-Doping on a-Fe2O3 Nanostructures Properties." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.11 (July 21, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.11.15925.

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In this study, undoped and Sn-doped hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanostructures with variation of Sn (0.5, 1, 2, 3 at. %) were deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate using sonicated immersion method. The effect of Sn-dopant on structural and crystallinity properties were investigated by characterizing FESEM and XRD respectively, while the optical properties were measured by UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer. The surface morphologies from FESEM have shown that the hematite nanostructures were grown uniformly in all samples. However, as the dopant atomic percentage increases, the amount of hematite nanostructure being grown on the FTO decreases. Results demonstrated that the amount of Sn-doping was undoubtedly influence the structural, optical and electrical properties of hematite nanostructures.
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45

Chen, Yaohui, Daihua Chen, Liufang Meng, Lingyu Wan, Huilu Yao, Junyi Zhai, Changlai Yuan, Devki N. Talwar, and Zhe Chuan Feng. "Dielectric and energy storage properties of Bi 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 doped Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 3 lead-free glass-ceramics." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 9 (September 2020): 191822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191822.

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A sol–gel method is employed for preparing high quality lead-free glass-ceramic samples (1 − x )BCZT- x BBS—incorporating Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 3 (BCZT) powder and Bi 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (BBS) glass-doped additives with different values of x ( x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15). Systematic investigations are performed to comprehend the structural, dielectric and energy storage characteristics using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, impedance and ferroelectric analyser methods. With appropriate BBS doping ( x ), many fundamental traits including breakdown strength, dielectric loss and energy storage density have shown significant improvements. Low doping-level samples x < 0.1 have retained the pure perovskite phase while a second glass phase appeared in samples with x ≥ 0.1. As the doping level (0.1 ≥ x > 0) is increased, the average grain size decreased to become better homogeneous materials with improved breakdown energy strengths. Excessive addition of BBS ( x = 0.15) causes negative effects on microstructures and other traits. The glass-ceramic sample 0.95BCZT-0.05BBS exhibits excellent dielectric permittivity and temperature stability, with the highest energy storage density of 0.3907 J cm −3 at 130 kV cm −1 . These results provide good reference to develop lead-free ceramics of high energy storage density.
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46

Azmi, Atiqah Nabieha, Pung Swee Yong, and Wan Maryam Wan Ahmad Kamil. "Ex-situ doping of ZnO structures as potential random lasers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2411, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2411/1/012009.

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Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were formed on a glass substrate using chemical bath deposition (CBD) method for three hours at 96 °C. Doping of aluminum (Al) was realised by dipping into aluminum nitrate solution. XRD spectra shows reduced (002) peak related to the crystallinity of the synthesized ZnO with increasing doping concentrations. Doping with 35 mM exhibited highest Al concentration of 11.78 %. An apparent shift in bandgap energy with increasing doping concentration provides further evidence of doping occurring in the sample. Random lasing was observed at a pumping threshold of 9.0 mW and spectral width of 1.09 nm. Overall results indicate promising potential for random lasing to occur in ZnO nanorods doped under ex-situ doping conditions.
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47

Wang, Chun Huy. "Microstructure and Characteristics of Pb(Ti,Zr)O3 Ceramics with Addition of Pb-Based Glass Frit." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.189.

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The paper tries to prepare dense piezoceramics by way of reactive liquid phase sintering. Technique concerning a low-temperature sinterable process is developed by incorporating 4PbO×B2O3. The host system is a perovskite type piezoceramic, Pb(Ti,Zr)O3. If small amounts of 4PbO.B2O3 glass powder are added to the calcined Pb(Ti,Zr)O3 ceramics, the liquid phase is formed during sintering. Hence, the piezoelectric and dielectric properties are enhanced and the sintering temperature can be reduced. The value of the kp, KT 33 and Qm is increased and dielectric loss tangent is decreased when a small amounts of 4PbO.B2O3 dopant (i.e. 0.2 wt%) are added to the PZT system. With more 4PbO.B2O3 doping (i.e. 2 wt%), the value of the kp and KT 33 is decreased due to the glassy phase segregation at the grain boundary.
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48

İskenderoğlu, Demet, and Harun Güney. "Effect of Mg dopant on SnO2 thin films grown by spray pyrolysis technique." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 04 (February 10, 2019): 1950030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919500301.

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The undoped and magnesium (Mg)-doped Tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) thin films were grown on glass substrate by spray pyrolysis technique. In order to observe the effect on the optical, structural, morphological, and hydrogen (H2) gas answer properties of SnO2 by Mg doping, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV) spectrometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and hydrogen (H2) gas, measurements were taken. The absorption measurements of undoped and Mg-doped SnO2 thin films demonstrated that band gaps varied with the changing Mg dopant ratio and this variation may be from Burstein–Moss (BM) effect. XRD measurements showed that the samples were tetragonal structures and have (110), (101), (200), (211), (220), (310) planes. The surface morphology of SnO2 showed that samples was affected considerably by Mg dopant. The H2 gas sensor response improves with the increase of 1%, 2% and 3% Mg doping ratio in SnO2.
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49

Anand, Akrity, Susanta Sengupta, Hana Kaňková, Anna Švančárková, Ana M. Beltrán, Dušan Galusek, Aldo R. Boccaccini, and Dagmar Galusková. "Influence of Copper-Strontium Co-Doping on Bioactivity, Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of Mesoporous Bioactive Glass." Gels 8, no. 11 (November 16, 2022): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8110743.

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Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) is an extensively studied biomaterial used for the healing of bone defects. Its biological applications can be tailored by introducing metallic ions, such as strontium (Sr) and copper (Cu), which can enhance its functionalities, including osteogenetic, angiogenetic and antibacterial functionalities. In this study, Cu and Sr ions were co-doped (ratio 1:1) with x = 0.5, 1 and 2 mol% each in glass with an intended nominal composition of 80SiO2-(15-2x)CaO-5P2O5-xCuO-xSrO and synthesized with an evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA)-based sol-gel technique. XRD confirmed the amorphous nature of the glass, while compositional analysis using ICP-OES confirmed the presence of dopant ions with the required amounts. A TEM study of the MBG powders showed fringes that corresponded to the formation of a highly ordered mesoporous structure. The Cu-Sr-doped MBG showed a positive effect on apatite formation when immersed in SBF, although the release of Cu and Sr ions was relatively slow for 1 mol% of each co-dopant, which signified a stable network structure in the glass. The impact of the Cu and Sr ions on the osteoblast-like cell line MG-63 was assessed. At the particle concentrations of 1 wt./vol.% or lower, the cell viability was above 50%. An antibacterial test was conducted against Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus bacteria. With a sequential increase in the co-doped ion content in the glass, the zone of inhibition for bacteria increased. The results suggest that the doping of MBG with Cu and Sr ions at up to 2 mol% can result in tailored sustained release of ions to enhance the applicability of the studied glass as a functional biomaterial for bone regeneration applications.
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Singh, Bhavana, S. B. Shrivastava, and V. Ganesan. "Effects of Mn Doping on Zinc Oxide Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique." International Journal of Nanoscience 16, no. 01 (February 2017): 1650024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x16500241.

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The work deals with the preparation of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films on microscopic glass substrate by spray pyrolysis technique. The systematic study on the influence of Mn doping up to 15% has been performed. The structural studies revealed that pure and doped film has hexagonal structure. In order to reduce the internal strain due to Mn doping, the crystallite size decreases. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement shows the decrease in grain size and roughness with doping. The resistivity curve shows a clear hump corresponding to smaller Mn doping ([Formula: see text]) around [Formula: see text]. This hump was found to reduce with the increase in Mn concentration and for [Formula: see text], beyond which it vanishes completely. This is attributed to critical behavior of resistivity and may be due to the scattering of carriers by magnetic spin fluctuation via exchange interaction. The optical measurement shows the shift in absorption edge of Mn doped ZnO films toward the longer wavelength side. This correlates the reduction in grain size as a function of Mn concentration. The optical bandgap goes down, whereas refractive index increases with dopant concentration.
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