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“Glass”, a frozen disordered-state, has been found in areas as diverse as amorphous solids, magnetic alloys, ferroelectrics, superconductors, and even in models of biological evolutions. In the present review we introduce a new class of glass–the “strain-glass”, which was discovered very recently. Strain glass is derived from a martensitic system, where the local-strain is frozen in disordered configuration. The first example of strain glass was found in the well-studied Ni-rich Ti50-xNi50+x martensitic system in its “non-transforming” composition regime (x>1.5). Contrasting to the familiar martensitic transition, the strain glass transition is not accompanied by a change in the average structure, or a thermal peak in the DSC measurement. It involves a dynamic freezing process with broken ergodicity, during which nano-sized martensite domains are frozen. More interestingly, the seemingly “non-martensitic” strain glass exhibits unexpected properties: shape memory effect and superelasticity, like a normal martensitic alloy. Strain glass bears a striking similarity with other two classes of glasses: cluster-spin glass and ferroelectric relaxor. These ferroic-transition-derived glasses can be considered as a more general class of glass: ferroic glass. The finding of strain glass may provide new opportunities for martensite research from both fundamental side and application side.
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Ma, H., E. Ma, and J. Xu. "A new Mg65Cu7.5Ni7.5Zn5Ag5Y10 bulk metallic glass with strong glass-forming ability." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 10 (October 2003): 2288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0319.
We report a new Mg-based bulk metallic glass-forming alloy: Mg65Cu7.5Ni7.5Zn5 Ag5Y10. The alloy exhibits a glass-forming ability significantly stronger than all previously discovered Mg-based glass formers. Fully glassy rods 9 mm in diameter can be obtained by using copper mold casting. The critical cooling rate for glass formation was estimated to be <50 Ks−1. The reduced glass-transition temperature (Trg) of the glass was determined to be 0.59.
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Drajewicz, Marcin, and Jan Wasylak. "Properties of Glass Surface with Nano-Particles Aluminum Compounds Refined." Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.567.
New refining technology of soda – lime – silicon glassy surfaces with aluminum compounds nano-molecules has been presented in the present study. Structural definition of aluminum compounds nano-powders exposed to thermal processing, including grain-size analysis has been discussed. Optimal technical and technological parameters of the refining process have been selected. Refining method of soda – lime – silicon glassy surfaces with aluminum compounds nanomolecules assures profitable operational properties of the glass, such as increased bending strength, scratching strength, micro hardness and chemical resistance without deterioration of the optical properties. Nano-molecules were spread onto the heated glass surface, or onto cold glass surface and then heated up to temperatures close to the glass transformation, when nano-molecules penetrate into the glass surface. The layer thicknes as glass operational properties has been tested. From obtained results it can be explained the mechanism the incorporation of nano particles. The received results develop new possibilities with respect to container glass, float glass and glass fibres, as well as to glass processing.
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Dutcher, J. R., and M. D. Ediger. "Glass Surfaces Not So Glassy." Science 319, no. 5863 (February 1, 2008): 577–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1155120.
Zhang, L. C., Z. Q. Shen, and J. Xu. "Glass formation in a (Ti, Zr, Hf)–(Cu, Ni, Ag)–Al high-order alloy system by mechanical alloying." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 9 (September 2003): 2141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0300.
In this work, glass formation under high-energy ball milling was investigated for a (Ti0.33Zr0.33Hf0.33)50(Ni0.33Cu0.33Ag0.33)40Al10 high-order alloy system with equiatomic substitution for early and late transition-metal contents. For comparison, an amorphous alloy ribbon with the same composition was prepared using the melt-spinning method as well. Structural features of the samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Mechanical alloying resulted in a glassy alloy similar to that obtained by melt spinning. However, the glass formation was incomplete, and a small amount of unreacted crystallites smaller than 30 nm in size still remained in the final ball-milled product. Like the melt-spun glass, the ball-milled glassy alloy also exhibited a distinct glass transition and a wide supercooled liquid region of about 80 K. Crystallization of this high-order glassy alloy proceeded through two main stages. After the primary nanocrystallization was completed, the remaining amorphous phase also behaved as a glass, showing a detectable glass transition and a large supercooled liquid region of about 100 K.
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Kim, Hwan Sik, Yoo Taek Kim, Gi Gang Lee, Jung Hwan Kim, and Seung Gu Kang. "Corrosion of Silicate Glasses and Glass-Ceramics Containing EAF Dust in Acidic Solution." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1585.
The corrosion behavior of glass and glass-ceramics fabricated with silicate glass frit mixed with 50~70 wt% EAF dust in the acidic solution was analyzed by both heavy metal leaching test and microstructural observation. The crystallization temperature, Tc of glassy specimens was around 850 measured by DTA and the heat treatment temperature to crystallize a glassy specimen was selected as 950 / 1 hr. The spinel crystal peaks were found in XRD analysis for the glass containing dust > 60 wt%. For the glass-ceramics, however, the spinel peaks in a specimen containing dust > 50 wt% was found with weak willemite peaks. The glass and glass-ceramic specimens showed the first stage of corroding reaction according to Clark models in acidic solution. The glass-ceramic specimens showed much lower a heavy metal leaching concentration than that of glass specimens in the corrosion test in acidic solution of pH=2.95. Especially, the glass-ceramics containing dust 60 wt% showed a heavy metal leaching concentration of 66 % Pb, 60 % Zn and 98 % Fe lower than that of glass specimens due to crystal phases formed, thermodynamically more stable than a glass network structure. From the leaching test that more Zn ion leached out than Fe ion, the spinel crystal phase [ZnFe2O4] showed better corrosion resistant in the acidic solution than the willemite [Zn2SiO4].
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Contreras Jaimes, Altair T., Gloria Kirste, Christian Patzig, Juliana Martins de Souza e Silva, Jonathan Massera, Natalia Karpukhina, Robert G. Hill, Araceli De Pablos-Martín, and Delia S. Brauer. "Phosphate/Silicate Ratio Allows for Fine-Tuning of Bioactive Glass Crystallisation and Glass-Ceramic Microstructure." Glass Europe 2 (June 3, 2024): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/glass-europe.v2i.1187.
A combination of XRD, solid-state NMR and state-of-the-art imaging techniques were used to investigate how the calcium orthophosphate/calcium silicate ratio affects the crystallisation of bioactive glasses in the system SiO2-P2O5-CaO-CaF2. In the phosphate-free glass, xonotlite, wollastonite and cuspidine crystallised. From 2.4 mol% P2O5, fluorapatite also formed, while the amount of wollastonite decreased. Crystallisation tendency was low for low phosphate contents, while above 3 mol% P2O5 it increased. The phosphate-free glass showed a volume crystallisation mechanism with constant activation energy. By contrast, the glass with the largest phosphate to silicate ratio showed both volume and surface crystallisation, causing a pronounced decrease in activation energy with crystallisation degree. This work shows that by changing the phosphate/silicate ratio we can determine which crystal phases form, obtaining for example fluorapatite-free or wollastonite-free glass-ceramics, depending on the desired application and properties such as mechanical strength or activity in contact with physiological solutions.
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Woo, Heesu, Jiwan Kim, and Seunggu Kang. "Study of Anti-Glare Pattern Forming Process by Glass Etching for Improved Image Quality." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 1937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18930.
In this paper, the anti-glare characteristics of strengthened glass used in the dashboard of automobiles were improved to enhanced the ability of the driver to read the display. To this end, the glass surface was etched with a solution containing HF as a main component. We adjusted the concentration of the etching solution and the etching time as variables, and the transmittance, gloss, haze value, etc. of the etched glass were measured. On the etched glass surface, an irregular pattern mainly containing dioxonium hexa-fluorosilicate crystal phases was generated, and controlling the pattern could improve the anti-glare characteristics of the glass. With higher concentration of the etching solution and longer etching time, the light transmittance, reflectance, and gloss of the etched glass were accordingly lower, while the haze value increased. We discussed the relationship between these property changes and the surface microstructure, pattern components, and roughness of the etched glass.
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Bhatt, Jatin, Sundaram Kumar, and B. S. Murty. "Thermodynamic Model and Synthesis of Bulk Metallic Glass in Cu-Zr-Ti System by Mechanical Alloying." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.189.
Based on the thermodynamic and topological approach, Cu60Zr30Ti10 has been identified as the best bulk metallic glass forming composition in Cu-Zr-Ti system. Bulk metallic glass has been successfully produced using mechanical alloying of elemental blends and consolidation of the resulting glassy powders into pellets of 8 mm diameter. Dry sliding wear of glassy pellets at different annealed states showed that the relaxed metallic glass has excellent wear resistance.
Techniques for joining materials, especially glass to dissimilar materials, while maintaining their surface and optical properties are essential for a wide range of industrial applications. Current techniques rely on adhesives or interlayers which can exhibit issues with creep, out-gassing or aging. Ultrafast laser welding based on nonlinear absorption in transparent material offers an attractive solution to this problem. Bringing two material surfaces into close (optical) contact and focusing the ultrafast laser onto the interface allows for localised melting and rapid resolidification, forming strong bond and welding the two surfaces together. The highly localised nature of this absorption means that welds can be created whilst avoiding significant heating of the surrounding material―important for joining materials with significantly different thermal expansion coefficients. Using a picosecond laser system (Trumpf TruMicro), a range of welds between similar material (borosilicate glass to borosilicate glass, fused silica to fused silica, borosilicate glass to fused silica) and highly dissimilar materials (sapphire to stainless steel, fused silica/borosilicate glass to silicon/aluminium/copper/stainless steel) have been demonstrated. Theoretical simulations were carried out to investigate the aberrations that occur to a laser beam focused inside material and to describe the behaviour of the generated plasma. With the guidance of theoretical work and developed experiment setup, a large range of parameters related to welding were investigated both in bulk material and welding for different materials and surface conditions. Shear strength tests on welds shows a maximum value could be obtained between parameters resulting in barely welded seams, for low power, and obvious cracking, for higher power. Optimised welding for borosilicate to borosilicate glass creates stronger bonds (108.8 N/mm2) than traditional joining methods (adhesive, typically 15~25 N/mm2). Parameter maps were made for different surface separation and surface conditions to determine a successful weld. In order to weld highly dissimilar materials, different welding patterns were designed to relax residual stress and eliminate cracks. Welding with galvo-scanner was also introduced as an alternative method for industrial applications which provides a high scan speed and flexible patterns. To increase welding strength and expand the parameter tolerance for a successful welding, focus vibration methods were proposed to reduce the residual stress. Finally, welding of example industrial parts was demonstrated for different application requirements.
My work centers around the fact that I am a glassblower working with glass objects within a glasstradition. My BFA project from 2009 entitled ”the bastards have landed” was my first attempt atmapping out what that ultimately meant to me as a practitioner in a contemporary craft context. Theresult of that project was a discovery of my making as a way of using tradition to tell stories aboutitself. My conclusion was that by using the traditional objects as symbols I had a channel throughwhich I could communicate. Glass is a material who´s domains are closely connected to a domesticand consumeristic environment. It is put in a position where we react to its appearance with ourbody memory while also carries different social and material values depending on its appearance.When entering the master program at Konstfack University of Art Craft and Design, my idea wasthat over the next coming two years my focus would lie in the exploration and research of thesemechanisms as well as my own position as a maker and practitioner within these mechanisms.Craft, design and making are subjects that are constantly being talked about and analyzed from anumber of perspectives. There are philosophers, sociologists, historians and art historians constantlynegotiating what the field of craft is dealing with. This is something that I over the years have foundas something quite disturbing in some cases. This leaves me in a situation where I am no longerdefining my own practice. And when I am to define my practice I always do it through the ideas ofpeople from ”outside” my own position. There are many good writers from variousdisciplines writing about craft and making that I have had great use of and input from but I feel thatthere is a big lack of craft practitioners who are defining their discipline from their own standpoint.This situation is to me a bit outdated.So as mentioned above I have entered the master program with an idea to find out how to deal withveiled subjects such as tacit knowledge and material culture in order to try to transform them into acommunicative body of knowledge. My work during the past three semesters have been spread outover a number of different projects dealing with these subjects both based on objects as well asforming a discussion together with my master group.The main cause in this thesis is as always in my case to shed light on and to formulate questionsand hopefully answers around my own practice and its related subjects.The main reason for this is that craft and making as a tool for knowledge production is a cloudedsubject but according to me it holds a lot of potential. Not only for understanding questions outsidethe field but also to unveil and strengthen the practice itself.
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Saewong, Pakamard. "Erosion of glass and glass-ceramic matrix composites." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300838.
Annealed glass has the propensity to fast fracture. So, the need for redundancy in structural glass elements is a fundamental necessity. Currently, redundancy is provided by laminated glass, whereby, if one glass pane fails, then the remaining intact pane(s) sustain the loads. However, for the in-service (unbroken state) condition the element is at least twice as thick as necessary. This leads to increased weight and increased cost. The presented work develops and investigates a cheaper, lighter alternative redundant system using a GFRP sheet bonded to one annealed glass pane. Consequently, a new material, Reinforced Glass, is created. For the in-service (unbroken state) condition it is shown that, under load, the Reinforced Glass has a similar structural response to ordinary annealed glass. A review of annealed structural glass design methods is presented - facilitating design for the unbroken state. Design recommendations are given. For the broken state an analytical, predictive model was developed, which was validated through experimental testing. The model draws similarities to Reinforced Concrete, whereby a compression block is generated in the broken glass - which is balanced by the GFRP tension reinforcement. Unique predictive equations are produced for application in design for the broken state. The model is validated for various thicknesses of glass.
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Башлак, Ірина Анатоліївна, Ирина Анатольевна Башлак, Iryna Anatoliivna Bashlak, S. P. Baranov, and О. V. Perepadya. "Recycling glass." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15994.
Modern technologies are developing so fast that it is impossible to follow them all. Here is an example of a new breakthrough in Google’s creativity. It is a wearable computer with a head-mounted display (HMD) that is being developed by Google in the Project Glass research and development project, with the mission of producing a mass-market ubiquitous computer. Google Glass displays information in a smartphone-like hands-free format that can interact with the Internet via natural language voice commands.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33689
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Vlizko, V. L. "Google glass." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33876.
Google glass is a new unbelievable invention, which can change your life forever.
We are born with the open-eyed supervision of different technologies, we grow with them, use them in our routine life. Now it is impossible to surprise us with something like a gigantic screen, a very speedy processor or a mobile phone with a lot of the operative memory, not saying about a note-book or a personal computer.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33876
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Tolstaya, A. S. "Google glass." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40504.
Modern technologies are developing so fast that it is
impossible to follow them all. Google Glass is something new in the
technology – something, that can change our life in the nearest
future. It‘s a child of Google Inc.
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Piontkowski, Steven J. "GLASS ARTICULATED." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1322506353.
Scholze, Horst. "Nature and Structure of Glass." In Glass, 3–155. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9069-5_2.
Carter, C. Barry, and M. Grant Norton. "Glass and Glass-Ceramics." In Ceramic Materials, 389–409. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3523-5_21.
Owen, J. Victor. "Glass." In Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology, 336–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4409-0_33.
Faltermeier, Robert B. "Glass." In An Easy Guide to Care for Sculpture and Antique Art Collections, 17–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08897-6_2.
Weik, Martin H. "glass." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 682. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_7963.
Gonçalves, M. Clara. "Glass." In Materials for Construction and Civil Engineering, 335–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08236-3_8.
Slauch, Ian M., Saurabh Vishwakarma, Jared Tracy, William Gambogi, Rico Meier, Farhan Rahman, James Y. Hartley, and Mariana I. Bertoni. "Manufacturing Induced Bending Stresses: Glass-Glass vs. Glass-Backsheet." In 2021 IEEE 48th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc43889.2021.9518938.
Felder, Thomas C., William Gambogi, Hongjie Hu, T. John Trout, Lucie Garreau-Iles, Steven MacMaster, and Kaushik Roy Choudhury. "Analysis of glass-glass modules." In New Concepts in Solar and Thermal Radiation Conversion and Reliability, edited by Jeremy N. Munday, Peter Bermel, and Michael D. Kempe. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2321637.
Leony, Derick, Abelardo Pardo, Luis de la Fuente Valentín, David Sánchez de Castro, and Carlos Delgado Kloos. "GLASS." In the 2nd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2330601.2330642.
Gan, Fuxi. "From optical glass to photonic glass." In International Symposium on Photonic Glass, edited by Congshan Zhu. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.517223.
Mejicovsky, T., and N. C. McClelland. "Laminated Glass in Structural Glass Enclosures." In Structures Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41130(369)240.
Miyamoto, I. "Welding of glass/glass and Si/glass using ultrashort laser pulses." In 2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2013.6801542.
Raley, Norman F., J. Courtney Davidson, and Joseph W. Balch. "Examination of glass-silicon and glass-glass bonding techniques for microfluidic systems." In Micromachining and Microfabrication, edited by Karen W. Markus. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.221298.
Rahman, Farhan, Ian M. Slauch, Rico Meier, Jared Tracy, Elizabeth C. Palmiotti, Mariana I. Bertoni, and James Y. Hartley. "Lamination Process Induced Residual Stress in Glass-Glass vs. Glass-Backsheet Modules." In 2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc48317.2022.9938606.
Adamson, D., and B. Bradley Pickenheim. DWPF GLASS BEADS AND GLASS FRIT TRANSPORT DEMONSTRATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/950033.
none,. Glass and Fiber Glass Footprint, December 2010 (MECS 2006). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218646.
Pasricha. Glass to Fabric: Dale Chihuly's Blown Glass Inspired Design. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1227.
Hrma, Pavel R., Donald E. Smith, John D. Yeager, and Oanh P. Lam. Thermochemical Optimization of Float Glass Composition: Low-Alumina Glass Development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15001100.
JONES, TIMOTHY. Glass Macrocracking Determination in Prototypic Canisters Containing Lanthanide Borosilicate Glass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/882729.
PEELER, DAVID. Impact of Redox on Glass Durability: The Glass Selection Process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827204.
BELSHER JD and MEINERT FL. HIGH-LEVEL WASTE GLASS FORMULATION MODEL SENSITIVITY STUDY 2009 GLASS FORMULATION MODEL VERSUS 1996 GLASS FORMULATION MODEL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/968651.
